Wapp

#ifndef USE_SYSTEM_SQLITE
/******************************************************************************
** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
** version 3.41.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
** of 5% or more are commonly seen when SQLite is compiled as a single
** translation unit.
**
** This file is all you need to compile SQLite.  To use SQLite in other

** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.41.0"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3041000
#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2023-02-18 15:50:23 315574d5cbe5c805ff2163052d986b054985984fb45bfb064d1a7b39a22b90eb"

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version sqlite3_sourceid
**
** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros

#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PINNED       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(11<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_DATATYPE     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(12<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RBU              (SQLITE_NOTICE | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY     (SQLITE_OK | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_OK_SYMLINK              (SQLITE_OK | (2<<8)) /* internal use only */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations

** the database is not a wal-mode db, or if there is no such connection in any
** other process. This opcode cannot be used to detect transactions opened
** by clients within the current process, only within other processes.
** </ul>
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE]]
** Used by the cksmvfs VFS module only.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE]]
** If there is currently no transaction open on the database, and the
** database is not a temp db, then this file-control purges the contents
** of the in-memory page cache. If there is an open transaction, or if
** the db is a temp-db, it is a no-op, not an error.
** </ul>
*/
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5

#define SQLITE_FCNTL_DATA_VERSION           35
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_LIMIT             36
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_DONE              37
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES          38
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKPT_START             39
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_EXTERNAL_READER        40
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_CKSM_FILE              41
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_RESET_CACHE            42

/* deprecated names */
#define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
#define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO

** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
** when the "current value" returned by
** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED],...) is zero.
** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY]]
** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of

**      the database in WAL mode after the reset if it was in WAL mode before
**      the reset.
** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 1, 0);
** <li> [sqlite3_exec](db, "[VACUUM]", 0, 0, 0);
** <li> sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE, 0, 0);
** </ol>
** Because resetting a database is destructive and irreversible, the
** process requires the use of this obscure API and multiple steps to
** help ensure that it does not happen by accident. Because this
** feature must be capable of resetting corrupt databases, and
** shutting down virtual tables may require access to that corrupt
** storage, the library must abandon any installed virtual tables
** without calling their xDestroy() methods.
**
** [[SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE]] <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE option activates or deactivates the
** "defensive" flag for a database connection.  When the defensive
** flag is enabled, language features that allow ordinary SQL to
** deliberately corrupt the database file are disabled.  The disabled
** features include but are not limited to the following:

** running statement count reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
**
** ^The [sqlite3_is_interrupted(D)] interface can be used to determine whether
** or not an interrupt is currently in effect for [database connection] D.
*/
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_is_interrupted(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
**
** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
** if additional input is needed before sending the text into

** interface by using the X argument when X begins with "--" and invoking
** [sqlite3_expanded_sql(P)] otherwise.
**
** [[SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE</dt>
** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback provides approximately the same
** information as is provided by the [sqlite3_profile()] callback.
** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
** X argument points to a 64-bit integer which is approximately
** the number of nanoseconds that the prepared statement took to run.
** ^The SQLITE_TRACE_PROFILE callback is invoked when the statement finishes.
**
** [[SQLITE_TRACE_ROW]] <dt>SQLITE_TRACE_ROW</dt>
** <dd>^An SQLITE_TRACE_ROW callback is invoked whenever a prepared
** statement generates a single row of result.
** ^The P argument is a pointer to the [prepared statement] and the
** X argument is unused.

/*
** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
** [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_prepare()] and similar for
** database connection D.  An example use for this
** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
**
** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress

** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
**
** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
**
** The progress handler callback would originally only be invoked from the
** bytecode engine.  It still might be invoked during [sqlite3_prepare()]
** and similar because those routines might force a reparse of the schema
** which involves running the bytecode engine.  However, beginning with
** SQLite version 3.41.0, the progress handler callback might also be
** invoked directly from [sqlite3_prepare()] while analyzing and generating
** code for complex queries.
*/
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
**

** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
** sqlite3_open_v2() must include, at a minimum, one of the following
** three flag combinations:)^
**
** <dl>
** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does
** not already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
**
** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or
** reading only if the file is write protected by the operating
** system.  In either case the database must already exist, otherwise
** an error is returned.  For historical reasons, if opening in
** read-write mode fails due to OS-level permissions, an attempt is
** made to open it in read-only mode. [sqlite3_db_readonly()] can be
** used to determine whether the database is actually
** read-write.</dd>)^
**
** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
** </dl>
**

** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_DIRECTONLY]] <dt>SQLITE_DIRECTONLY</dt><dd>
** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag means that the function may only be invoked
** from top-level SQL, and cannot be used in VIEWs or TRIGGERs nor in
** schema structures such as [CHECK constraints], [DEFAULT clauses],
** [expression indexes], [partial indexes], or [generated columns].
** <p>
** The SQLITE_DIRECTONLY flag is recommended for any
** [application-defined SQL function]
** that has side-effects or that could potentially leak sensitive information.
** This will prevent attacks in which an application is tricked
** into using a database file that has had its schema surreptiously
** modified to invoke the application-defined function in ways that are
** harmful.
** <p>
** Some people say it is good practice to set SQLITE_DIRECTONLY on all
** [application-defined SQL functions], regardless of whether or not they
** are security sensitive, as doing so prevents those functions from being used
** inside of the database schema, and thus ensures that the database
** can be inspected and modified using generic tools (such as the [CLI])
** that do not have access to the application-defined functions.
** </dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_INNOCUOUS]] <dt>SQLITE_INNOCUOUS</dt><dd>
** The SQLITE_INNOCUOUS flag means that the function is unlikely
** to cause problems even if misused.  An innocuous function should have
** no side effects and should not depend on any values other than its
** input parameters. The [abs|abs() function] is an example of an

** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**










** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column

SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_frombind(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Report the internal text encoding state of an sqlite3_value object
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** ^(The sqlite3_value_encoding(X) interface returns one of [SQLITE_UTF8],
** [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE] according to the current text encoding
** of the value X, assuming that X has type TEXT.)^  If sqlite3_value_type(X)
** returns something other than SQLITE_TEXT, then the return value from
** sqlite3_value_encoding(X) is meaningless.  ^Calls to
** [sqlite3_value_text(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16(X)], [sqlite3_value_text16be(X)],
** [sqlite3_value_text16le(X)], [sqlite3_value_bytes(X)], or
** [sqlite3_value_bytes16(X)] might change the encoding of the value X and
** thus change the return from subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_encoding(X).
**
** This routine is intended for used by applications that test and validate
** the SQLite implementation.  This routine is inquiring about the opaque
** internal state of an [sqlite3_value] object.  Ordinary applications should
** not need to know what the internal state of an sqlite3_value object is and
** hence should not need to use this interface.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_encoding(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
** METHOD: sqlite3_value
**
** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for

** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
**
** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
*/
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);










/*
** Structures used by the virtual table interface
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;

** aConstraintUsage[].omit flag is an optimization hint. When the omit flag
** is left in its default setting of false, the constraint will always be
** checked separately in byte code.  If the omit flag is change to true, then
** the constraint may or may not be checked in byte code.  In other words,
** when the omit flag is true there is no guarantee that the constraint will
** not be checked again using byte code.)^
**
** ^The idxNum and idxStr values are recorded and passed into the
** [xFilter] method.
** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxStr if and only if
** needToFreeIdxStr is true.
**
** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
** sorting step is required.
**
** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar

** and hence calls to sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value() for those operators will
** always return SQLITE_NOTFOUND.
**
** The collating sequence to be used for comparison can be found using
** the [sqlite3_vtab_collation()] interface.  For most real-world virtual
** tables, the collating sequence of constraints does not matter (for example
** because the constraints are numeric) and so the sqlite3_vtab_collation()
** interface is not commonly needed.
*/
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ          2
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT          4
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE          8
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT         16
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE         32
#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH      64

** of the new function always causes an exception to be thrown.  So
** the new function is not good for anything by itself.  Its only
** purpose is to be a placeholder function that can be overloaded
** by a [virtual table].
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_overload_function(sqlite3*, const char *zFuncName, int nArg);











/*
** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB
** KEYWORDS: {BLOB handle} {BLOB handles}
**
** An instance of this object represents an open BLOB on which
** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] can be performed.
** ^Objects of this type are created by [sqlite3_blob_open()]

**         of the constraint specifies an alternative collating sequence via
**         a [COLLATE clause] on the column definition within the CREATE TABLE
**         statement that was passed into [sqlite3_declare_vtab()], then the
**         name of that alternative collating sequence is returned.
** <li><p> Otherwise, "BINARY" is returned.
** </ol>
*/
SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Determine if a virtual table query is DISTINCT
** METHOD: sqlite3_index_info
**
** This API may only be used from within an [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method]
** of a [virtual table] implementation. The result of calling this

**
** These interfaces are only useful from within the
** [xFilter|xFilter() method] of a [virtual table] implementation.
** The result of invoking these interfaces from any other context
** is undefined and probably harmful.
**
** The X parameter in a call to sqlite3_vtab_in_first(X,P) or
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next(X,P) should be one of the parameters to the
** xFilter method which invokes these routines, and specifically
** a parameter that was previously selected for all-at-once IN constraint
** processing use the [sqlite3_vtab_in()] interface in the
** [xBestIndex|xBestIndex method].  ^(If the X parameter is not
** an xFilter argument that was selected for all-at-once IN constraint
** processing, then these routines return [SQLITE_ERROR].)^

**
** ^(Use these routines to access all values on the right-hand side
** of the IN constraint using code like the following:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
** &nbsp;  for(rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_first(pList, &pVal);
** &nbsp;      rc==SQLITE_OK && pVal;
** &nbsp;      rc=sqlite3_vtab_in_next(pList, &pVal)
** &nbsp;  ){
** &nbsp;    // do something with pVal
** &nbsp;  }
** &nbsp;  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
** &nbsp;    // an error has occurred
** &nbsp;  }

** [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(S,X,T,V)] interface.  Each constant designates a
** different metric for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() to return.
**
** When the value returned to V is a string, space to hold that string is
** managed by the prepared statement S and will be automatically freed when
** S is finalized.
**
** Not all values are available for all query elements. When a value is
** not available, the output variable is set to -1 if the value is numeric,
** or to NULL if it is a string (SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME).
**
** <dl>
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP</dt>
** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be
** set to the total number of times that the X-th loop has run.</dd>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT</dt>
** <dd>^The [sqlite3_int64] variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set

** used for the X-th loop.
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN</dt>
** <dd>^The "const char *" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set
** to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string containing the [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN]
** description for the X-th loop.
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID</dt>
** <dd>^The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
** id for the X-th query plan element. The id value is unique within the

** statement. The select-id is the same value as is output in the first
** column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
** </dl>
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID</dt>
** <dd>The "int" variable pointed to by the V parameter will be set to the
** the id of the parent of the current query element, if applicable, or
** to zero if the query element has no parent. This is the same value as
** returned in the second column of an [EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN] query.
**
** [[SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE]] <dt>SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE</dt>
** <dd>The sqlite3_int64 output value is set to the number of cycles,
** according to the processor time-stamp counter, that elapsed while the
** query element was being processed. This value is not available for
** all query elements - if it is unavailable the output variable is
** set to -1.
*/
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP    0
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT   1
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST      2
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NAME     3
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EXPLAIN  4
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID 5
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID 6
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE   7

/*
** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** These interfaces return information about the predicted and measured
** performance for pStmt.  Advanced applications can use this
** interface to compare the predicted and the measured performance and
** issue warnings and/or rerun [ANALYZE] if discrepancies are found.
**
** Since this interface is expected to be rarely used, it is only
** available if SQLite is compiled using the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS]
** compile-time option.
**
** The "iScanStatusOp" parameter determines which status information to return.
** The "iScanStatusOp" must be one of the [scanstatus options] or the behavior
** of this interface is undefined. ^The requested measurement is written into
** a variable pointed to by the "pOut" parameter.
**
** The "flags" parameter must be passed a mask of flags. At present only
** one flag is defined - SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX. If SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX
** is specified, then status information is available for all elements
** of a query plan that are reported by "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN" output. If
** SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX is not specified, then only query plan elements
** that correspond to query loops (the "SCAN..." and "SEARCH..." elements of
** the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output) are available. Invoking API
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() is equivalent to calling
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2() with a zeroed flags parameter.
**
** Parameter "idx" identifies the specific query element to retrieve statistics
** for. Query elements are numbered starting from zero. A value of -1 may be
** to query for statistics regarding the entire query. ^If idx is out of range
** - less than -1 or greater than or equal to the total number of query
** elements used to implement the statement - a non-zero value is returned and
** the variable that pOut points to is unchanged.





**
** See also: [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset()]
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
);
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,      /* Prepared statement for which info desired */
  int idx,                  /* Index of loop to report on */
  int iScanStatusOp,        /* Information desired.  SQLITE_SCANSTAT_* */
  int flags,                /* Mask of flags defined below */
  void *pOut                /* Result written here */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Scan Status
** KEYWORDS: {scan status flags}
*/
#define SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX 0x0001

/*
** CAPI3REF: Zero Scan-Status Counters
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^Zero all [sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus()] related event counters.
**

** row being modified or deleted. For an INSERT operation on a rowid table,
** or any operation on a WITHOUT ROWID table, the value of the sixth
** parameter is undefined. For an INSERT or UPDATE on a rowid table the
** seventh parameter is the final rowid value of the row being inserted
** or updated. The value of the seventh parameter passed to the callback
** function is not defined for operations on WITHOUT ROWID tables, or for
** DELETE operations on rowid tables.
**
** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function returns the P argument from
** the previous call on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
** the first call on D.
**
** The [sqlite3_preupdate_old()], [sqlite3_preupdate_new()],
** [sqlite3_preupdate_count()], and [sqlite3_preupdate_depth()] interfaces
** provide additional information about a preupdate event. These routines
** may only be called from within a preupdate callback.  Invoking any of
** these routines from outside of a preupdate callback or with a
** [database connection] pointer that is different from the one supplied

/*
** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for
** builds on processors without floating point support.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
# undef double
#endif

#if defined(__wasi__)
# undef SQLITE_WASI
# define SQLITE_WASI 1
# undef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
# define SQLITE_OMIT_WAL 1/* because it requires shared memory APIs */
# ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
#  define SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
# endif
# ifndef SQLITE_THREADSAFE
#  define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
# endif
#endif

#if 0
}  /* End of the 'extern "C"' block */
#endif
#endif /* SQLITE3_H */

/******** Begin file sqlite3rtree.h *********/

** is 0x00000000ffffffff.  But because of quirks of some compilers, we
** have to specify the value in the less intuitive manner shown:
*/
#define SQLITE_MAX_U32  ((((u64)1)<<32)-1)

/*
** The datatype used to store estimates of the number of rows in a
** table or index.


*/

typedef u64 tRowcnt;




/*
** Estimated quantities used for query planning are stored as 16-bit
** logarithms.  For quantity X, the value stored is 10*log2(X).  This
** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst

** all alignment restrictions correct.
**
** Except, if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC is defined, then the
** underlying malloc() implementation might return us 4-byte aligned
** pointers.  In that case, only verify 4-byte alignment.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
# define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((uptr)(X) - (uptr)0)&3)==0)
#else
# define EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(X)   ((((uptr)(X) - (uptr)0)&7)==0)
#endif

/*
** Disable MMAP on platforms where it is known to not work
*/
#if defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
# undef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE

#if !defined(SQLITE_AMALGAMATION)
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3TreeTrace;
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
    && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE) \
                             || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_TREETRACE))
# define TREETRACE_ENABLED 1
# define TREETRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
  if(sqlite3TreeTrace&(K))   \
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%u/%d/%p: ",(S)->selId,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define TREETRACE(K,P,S,X)
# define TREETRACE_ENABLED 0
#endif

/* TREETRACE flag meanings:
**
**   0x00000001     Beginning and end of SELECT processing
**   0x00000002     WHERE clause processing
**   0x00000004     Query flattener
**   0x00000008     Result-set wildcard expansion
**   0x00000010     Query name resolution
**   0x00000020     Aggregate analysis
**   0x00000040     Window functions
**   0x00000080     Generated column names
**   0x00000100     Move HAVING terms into WHERE
**   0x00000200     Count-of-view optimization
**   0x00000400     Compound SELECT processing
**   0x00000800     Drop superfluous ORDER BY
**   0x00001000     LEFT JOIN simplifies to JOIN
**   0x00002000     Constant propagation
**   0x00004000     Push-down optimization
**   0x00008000     After all FROM-clause analysis
**   0x00010000     Beginning of DELETE/INSERT/UPDATE processing
**   0x00020000     Transform DISTINCT into GROUP BY
**   0x00040000     SELECT tree dump after all code has been generated
*/

/*
** Macros for "wheretrace"
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3WhereTrace;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
    && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
# define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
#else
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)
#endif

/*
** Bits for the sqlite3WhereTrace mask:
**
** (---any--)   Top-level block structure
** 0x-------F   High-level debug messages
** 0x----FFF-   More detail
** 0xFFFF----   Low-level debug messages
**
** 0x00000001   Code generation
** 0x00000002   Solver
** 0x00000004   Solver costs
** 0x00000008   WhereLoop inserts
**
** 0x00000010   Display sqlite3_index_info xBestIndex calls
** 0x00000020   Range an equality scan metrics
** 0x00000040   IN operator decisions
** 0x00000080   WhereLoop cost adjustements
** 0x00000100
** 0x00000200   Covering index decisions
** 0x00000400   OR optimization
** 0x00000800   Index scanner
** 0x00001000   More details associated with code generation
** 0x00002000
** 0x00004000   Show all WHERE terms at key points
** 0x00008000   Show the full SELECT statement at key places
**
** 0x00010000   Show more detail when printing WHERE terms
** 0x00020000   Show WHERE terms returned from whereScanNext()
*/


/*
** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
** callback for a given sqlite handle.
**
** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy

**
**     The design of the _RANGE hint is aid b-tree implementations that try
**     to prefetch content from remote machines - to provide those
**     implementations with limits on what needs to be prefetched and thereby
**     reduce network bandwidth.
**
** Note that BTREE_HINT_FLAGS with BTREE_BULKLOAD is the only hint used by
** standard SQLite.  The other hints are provided for extensions that use
** the SQLite parser and code generator but substitute their own storage
** engine.
*/
#define BTREE_HINT_RANGE 0       /* Range constraints on queries */

/*
** Values that may be OR'd together to form the argument to the

SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeOffset(BtCursor*);
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(BtCursor*, u32 *pAmt);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(BtCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_int64 sqlite3BtreeMaxRecordSize(BtCursor*);

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
  sqlite3 *db,  /* Database connection that is running the check */
  Btree *p,     /* The btree to be checked */
  Pgno *aRoot,  /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
  int nRoot,    /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
  int mxErr,    /* Stop reporting errors after this many */
  int *pnErr,   /* OUT: Write number of errors seen to this variable */
  char **pzOut  /* OUT: Write the error message string here */
);
SQLITE_PRIVATE struct Pager *sqlite3BtreePager(Btree*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeRowCountEst(BtCursor*);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayloadChecked(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePutData(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeIncrblobCursor(BtCursor *);

#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3BtreeCheckpoint(Btree*, int, int *, int *);
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTransferRow(BtCursor*, BtCursor*, i64);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeClearCache(Btree*);

/*
** If we are not using shared cache, then there is no need to
** use mutexes to access the BtShared structures.  So make the
** Enter and Leave procedures no-ops.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
    Expr *pExpr;           /* Used when p4type is P4_EXPR */
#endif
  } p4;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
  char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
#endif




#ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
  u32 iSrcLine;            /* Source-code line that generated this opcode
                           ** with flags in the upper 8 bits */
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
  u64 nExec;
  u64 nCycle;
#endif
};
typedef struct VdbeOp VdbeOp;


/*
** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.

*/
#define OPFLG_JUMP        0x01  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */
#define OPFLG_IN1         0x02  /* in1:   P1 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN2         0x04  /* in2:   P2 is an input */
#define OPFLG_IN3         0x08  /* in3:   P3 is an input */
#define OPFLG_OUT2        0x10  /* out2:  P2 is an output */
#define OPFLG_OUT3        0x20  /* out3:  P3 is an output */
#define OPFLG_NCYCLE      0x40  /* ncycle:Cycles count against P1 */
#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\
/*   0 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x41, 0x00,\
/*   8 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01,\
/*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49,\
/*  24 */ 0x49, 0x01, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49,\
/*  32 */ 0x41, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x41, 0x01, 0x41, 0x41,\
/*  40 */ 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x26, 0x26, 0x41, 0x23, 0x0b,\
/*  48 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x41,\
/*  64 */ 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10,\
/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
/*  80 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02,\
/*  88 */ 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x12, 0x1e, 0x20, 0x40, 0x00,\
/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x40, 0x26, 0x26,\
/* 104 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
/* 112 */ 0x40, 0x00, 0x12, 0x40, 0x40, 0x10, 0x40, 0x00,\
/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x40, 0x40, 0x10, 0x10,\
/* 128 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50,\
/* 136 */ 0x00, 0x40, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00, 0x40, 0x50, 0x40,\
/* 144 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 152 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04,\
/* 160 */ 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x50, 0x40,\
/* 176 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
/* 184 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}

/* The resolve3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
** JUMP opcode the better, so the mkopcodeh.tcl script that
** generated this include file strives to group all JUMP opcodes

SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeNoJumpsOutsideSubrtn(Vdbe*,int,int,int);
#else
# define sqlite3VdbeVerifyAbortable(A,B)
# define sqlite3VdbeNoJumpsOutsideSubrtn(A,B,C,D)
#endif
SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(Vdbe*, int nOp, VdbeOpList const *aOp,int iLineno);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeExplain(Parse*,u8,const char*,...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeExplainPop(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeExplainParent(Parse*);
# define ExplainQueryPlan(P)        sqlite3VdbeExplain P
# ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
#  define ExplainQueryPlan2(V,P)     (V = sqlite3VdbeExplain P)
# else
#  define ExplainQueryPlan2(V,P)     ExplainQueryPlan(P)
# endif
# define ExplainQueryPlanPop(P)     sqlite3VdbeExplainPop(P)
# define ExplainQueryPlanParent(P)  sqlite3VdbeExplainParent(P)
#else
# define ExplainQueryPlan(P)
# define ExplainQueryPlan2(V,P)
# define ExplainQueryPlanPop(P)
# define ExplainQueryPlanParent(P) 0
# define sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(A,B) /*no-op*/
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(const char*,const char*);
#else

# define VdbeCoverageNeverNullIf(v,x)
# define VdbeCoverageEqNe(v)
# define VDBE_OFFSET_LINENO(x) 0
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(Vdbe*, int, int, int, LogEst, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(Vdbe*, int, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatusCounters(Vdbe*, int, int, int);
#else
# define sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(a,b,c,d,e,f)
# define sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(a,b,c,d)
# define sqlite3VdbeScanStatusCounters(a,b,c,d)
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbePrintOp(FILE*, int, VdbeOp*);
#endif

#endif /* SQLITE_VDBE_H */

#define SQLITE_BloomFilter    0x00080000 /* Use a Bloom filter on searches */
#define SQLITE_BloomPulldown  0x00100000 /* Run Bloom filters early */
#define SQLITE_BalancedMerge  0x00200000 /* Balance multi-way merges */
#define SQLITE_ReleaseReg     0x00400000 /* Use OP_ReleaseReg for testing */
#define SQLITE_FlttnUnionAll  0x00800000 /* Disable the UNION ALL flattener */
   /* TH3 expects this value  ^^^^^^^^^^ See flatten04.test */
#define SQLITE_IndexedExpr    0x01000000 /* Pull exprs from index when able */
#define SQLITE_Coroutines     0x02000000 /* Co-routines for subqueries */
#define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffffffff /* All optimizations */

/*
** Macros for testing whether or not optimizations are enabled or disabled.
*/
#define OptimizationDisabled(db, mask)  (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))!=0)
#define OptimizationEnabled(db, mask)   (((db)->dbOptFlags&(mask))==0)

** Value constraints (enforced via assert()):
**     SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX      ==  NC_MinMaxAgg      == SF_MinMaxAgg
**     SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER    ==  NC_OrderAgg       == SF_OrderByReqd
**     SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH      ==  OPFLAG_LENGTHARG
**     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF      ==  OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG
**     SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT    ==  SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC from the API
**     SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT      ==  SQLITE_DIRECTONLY from the API
**     SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE      ==  SQLITE_INNOCUOUS  -- opposite meanings!!!
**     SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK   depends on SQLITE_UTF* macros in the API
**
** Note that even though SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE and SQLITE_INNOCUOUS have the
** same bit value, their meanings are inverted.  SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE is
** used internally and if set means tha the function has side effects.
** SQLITE_INNOCUOUS is used by application code and means "not unsafe".
** See multiple instances of tag-20230109-1.
*/
#define SQLITE_FUNC_ENCMASK  0x0003 /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE or UTF16LE */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE     0x0004 /* Candidate for the LIKE optimization */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_CASE     0x0008 /* Case-sensitive LIKE-type function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_EPHEM    0x0010 /* Ephemeral.  Delete with VDBE */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x0020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called*/
#define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x0040 /* Built-in length() function */

#define SFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DIRECTONLY|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define MFUNCTION(zName, nArg, xPtr, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
   xPtr, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define JFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, xFunc) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|\
   SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define INLINE_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN|\
   SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_INLINE|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|(mFlags), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, noopFunc, 0, 0, 0, #zName, {0} }
#define TEST_FUNC(zName, nArg, iArg, mFlags) \

*/
#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     0x40  /* '@' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     0x41  /* 'A' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     0x42  /* 'B' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  0x43  /* 'C' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  0x44  /* 'D' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     0x45  /* 'E' */
#define SQLITE_AFF_FLEXNUM  0x46  /* 'F' */

#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)

/*
** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
** affinity value.
*/

** fields do not need to be freed when deallocating the AggInfo structure.
*/
struct AggInfo {
  u8 directMode;          /* Direct rendering mode means take data directly
                          ** from source tables rather than from accumulators */
  u8 useSortingIdx;       /* In direct mode, reference the sorting index rather
                          ** than the source table */
  u16 nSortingColumn;     /* Number of columns in the sorting index */
  int sortingIdx;         /* Cursor number of the sorting index */
  int sortingIdxPTab;     /* Cursor number of pseudo-table */

  int iFirstReg;          /* First register in range for aCol[] and aFunc[] */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The group by clause */
  struct AggInfo_col {    /* For each column used in source tables */
    Table *pTab;             /* Source table */
    Expr *pCExpr;            /* The original expression */
    int iTable;              /* Cursor number of the source table */

    i16 iColumn;             /* Column number within the source table */
    i16 iSorterColumn;       /* Column number in the sorting index */
  } *aCol;
  int nColumn;            /* Number of used entries in aCol[] */
  int nAccumulator;       /* Number of columns that show through to the output.
                          ** Additional columns are used only as parameters to
                          ** aggregate functions */
  struct AggInfo_func {   /* For each aggregate function */
    Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
    FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */

    int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
    int iDistAddr;           /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
  } *aFunc;
  int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
  u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  Select *pSelect;        /* SELECT statement that this AggInfo supports */
#endif
};

/*
** Macros to compute aCol[] and aFunc[] register numbers.
**
** These macros should not be used prior to the call to
** assignAggregateRegisters() that computes the value of pAggInfo->iFirstReg.
** The assert()s that are part of this macro verify that constraint.
*/
#define AggInfoColumnReg(A,I)  (assert((A)->iFirstReg),(A)->iFirstReg+(I))
#define AggInfoFuncReg(A,I)    \
                      (assert((A)->iFirstReg),(A)->iFirstReg+(A)->nColumn+(I))

/*
** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user
** in systems with lots of prepared statements.  And few applications
** need more than about 10 or 20 variables.  But some extreme users want

#define SF_View          0x0200000 /* SELECT statement is a view */
#define SF_NoopOrderBy   0x0400000 /* ORDER BY is ignored for this query */
#define SF_UFSrcCheck    0x0800000 /* Check pSrc as required by UPDATE...FROM */
#define SF_PushDown      0x1000000 /* SELECT has be modified by push-down opt */
#define SF_MultiPart     0x2000000 /* Has multiple incompatible PARTITIONs */
#define SF_CopyCte       0x4000000 /* SELECT statement is a copy of a CTE */
#define SF_OrderByReqd   0x8000000 /* The ORDER BY clause may not be omitted */
#define SF_UpdateFrom   0x10000000 /* Query originates with UPDATE FROM */

/* True if S exists and has SF_NestedFrom */
#define IsNestedFrom(S) ((S)!=0 && ((S)->selFlags&SF_NestedFrom)!=0)

/*
** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result

*/
struct SelectDest {
  u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  One of SRT_* above. */
  int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
  int iSDParm2;        /* A second parameter for the eDest disposal method */
  int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
  int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
  char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used for SRT_Set */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
};

/*
** During code generation of statements that do inserts into AUTOINCREMENT
** tables, the following information is attached to the Table.u.autoInc.p
** pointer of each autoincrement table to record some side information that

# define DbMaskZero(M)      memset((M),0,sizeof(M))
# define DbMaskSet(M,I)     (M)[(I)/8]|=(1<<((I)&7))
# define DbMaskAllZero(M)   sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)
# define DbMaskNonZero(M)   (sqlite3DbMaskAllZero(M)==0)
#else
  typedef unsigned int yDbMask;
# define DbMaskTest(M,I)    (((M)&(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))!=0)
# define DbMaskZero(M)      ((M)=0)
# define DbMaskSet(M,I)     ((M)|=(((yDbMask)1)<<(I)))
# define DbMaskAllZero(M)   ((M)==0)
# define DbMaskNonZero(M)   ((M)!=0)
#endif

/*
** For each index X that has as one of its arguments either an expression
** or the name of a virtual generated column, and if X is in scope such that
** the value of the expression can simply be read from the index, then
** there is an instance of this object on the Parse.pIdxExpr list.

  int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
  int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
                       ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
  int nLabel;          /* The *negative* of the number of labels used */
  int nLabelAlloc;     /* Number of slots in aLabel */
  int *aLabel;         /* Space to hold the labels */
  ExprList *pConstExpr;/* Constant expressions */
  IndexedExpr *pIdxEpr;/* List of expressions used by active indexes */
  Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
  yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
  yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
  int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
  int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT stmts. Counter for Select.selId */

  union {
    int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
    Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
  } u1;
  u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
  u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
  u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  u32 nProgressSteps;  /* xProgress steps taken during sqlite3_prepare() */
#endif
  u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
  u8 bReturning;       /* Coding a RETURNING trigger */
  u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
  u8 disableTriggers;  /* True to disable triggers */

  /**************************************************************************
  ** Fields above must be initialized to zero.  The fields that follow,

**
** The alloca() routine never returns NULL.  This will cause code paths
** that deal with sqlite3StackAlloc() failures to be unreachable.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
# define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   alloca(N)
# define sqlite3StackAllocRawNN(D,N) alloca(N)

# define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)
# define sqlite3StackFreeNN(D,P)
#else
# define sqlite3StackAllocRaw(D,N)   sqlite3DbMallocRaw(D,N)
# define sqlite3StackAllocRawNN(D,N) sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(D,N)

# define sqlite3StackFree(D,P)       sqlite3DbFree(D,P)
# define sqlite3StackFreeNN(D,P)     sqlite3DbFreeNN(D,P)
#endif

/* Do not allow both MEMSYS5 and MEMSYS3 to be defined together.  If they
** are, disable MEMSYS3
*/

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowWindow(const Window*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ShowWinFunc(const Window*);
#endif
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ProgressCheck(Parse*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse*, const char*, ...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ErrorToParser(sqlite3*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Dequote(char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteExpr(Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DequoteToken(Token*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TokenInit(Token*,char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KeywordCode(const unsigned char*, int);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnSetExpr(Parse*,Table*,Column*,Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ColumnExpr(Table*,Column*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ColumnSetColl(sqlite3*,Column*,const char*zColl);
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ColumnColl(Column*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3GenerateColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SubqueryColumnTypes(Parse*,Table*,Select*,char);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*,char);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenSchemaTable(Parse *, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE i16 sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(Index*, i16);
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_GENERATED_COLUMNS
# define sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */
# define sqlite3StorageColumnToTable(T,X) (X)  /* No-op pass-through */

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3FixInit(DbFixer*, Parse*, int, const char*, const Token*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSrcList(DbFixer*, SrcList*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixSelect(DbFixer*, Select*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixExpr(DbFixer*, Expr*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3FixTriggerStep(DbFixer*, TriggerStep*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RealSameAsInt(double,sqlite3_int64);
SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3RealToI64(double);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Int64ToText(i64,char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetUInt32(const char*, u32*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3TableAffinityStr(sqlite3*,const Table*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3CompareAffinity(const Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(const Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(const Table*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprDataType(const Expr *pExpr);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Error(sqlite3*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ErrorClear(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SystemError(sqlite3*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HexToBlob(sqlite3*, const char *z, int n);
SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3HexToInt(int h);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3TwoPartName(Parse *, Token *, Token *, Token **);

#if defined(SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME)
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrName(int);
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsMemdb(const sqlite3_vfs*);
#else
# define sqlite3IsMemdb(X) 0
#endif

SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsBinary(const CollSeq*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3OomFault(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OomClear(sqlite3*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ApiExit(sqlite3 *db, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum*, sqlite3*, char*, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum*, i64);
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumSetError(StrAccum*, u8);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResultStrAccum(sqlite3_context*,StrAccum*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorByteOffset(sqlite3*,const char*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RecordErrorOffsetOfExpr(sqlite3*,const Expr*);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
#endif

#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_OS_KV_OPTIONAL)
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3KvvfsInit(void);
#endif

#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE) \
 || defined(SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE) \
 || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void);
#endif

#endif /* SQLITEINT_H */

/************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
/************** Begin file os_common.h ***************************************/
/*
** 2004 May 22

/*
** Macros for performance tracing.  Normally turned off.  Only works
** on i486 hardware.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
































































































static sqlite_uint64 g_start;
static sqlite_uint64 g_elapsed;
#define TIMER_START       g_start=sqlite3Hwtime()
#define TIMER_END         g_elapsed=sqlite3Hwtime()-g_start
#define TIMER_ELAPSED     g_elapsed
#else
#define TIMER_START

** set to NULL if the currently executing frame is the main program.
*/
typedef struct VdbeFrame VdbeFrame;
struct VdbeFrame {
  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame, or NULL if parent is main */
  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions for parent frame */

  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells for parent frame */
  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Array of Vdbe cursors for parent frame */
  u8 *aOnce;              /* Bitmask used by OP_Once */
  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  AuxData *pAuxData;      /* Linked list of auxdata allocations */
#if SQLITE_DEBUG

/* A bitfield type for use inside of structures.  Always follow with :N where
** N is the number of bits.
*/
typedef unsigned bft;  /* Bit Field Type */

/* The ScanStatus object holds a single value for the
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() interface.
**
** aAddrRange[]:
**   This array is used by ScanStatus elements associated with EQP
**   notes that make an SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE value available. It is
**   an array of up to 3 ranges of VM addresses for which the Vdbe.anCycle[]
**   values should be summed to calculate the NCYCLE value. Each pair of
**   integer addresses is a start and end address (both inclusive) for a range
**   instructions. A start value of 0 indicates an empty range.
*/
typedef struct ScanStatus ScanStatus;
struct ScanStatus {
  int addrExplain;                /* OP_Explain for loop */
  int aAddrRange[6];
  int addrLoop;                   /* Address of "loops" counter */
  int addrVisit;                  /* Address of "rows visited" counter */
  int iSelectID;                  /* The "Select-ID" for this loop */
  LogEst nEst;                    /* Estimated output rows per loop */
  char *zName;                    /* Name of table or index */
};

  /* When allocating a new Vdbe object, all of the fields below should be
  ** initialized to zero or NULL */

  Op *aOp;                /* Space to hold the virtual machine's program */
  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
  int nOpAlloc;           /* Slots allocated for aOp[] */
  Mem *aColName;          /* Column names to return */
  Mem *pResultRow;        /* Current output row */
  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
  VList *pVList;          /* Name of variables */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  i64 startTime;          /* Time when query started - used for profiling */
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int rcApp;              /* errcode set by sqlite3_result_error_code() */

  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
  VdbeFrame *pDelFrame;   /* List of frame objects to free on VM reset */
  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
  u32 expmask;            /* Binding to these vars invalidates VM */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Linked list of all sub-programs used by VM */
  AuxData *pAuxData;      /* Linked list of auxdata allocations */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS

  int nScan;              /* Entries in aScan[] */
  ScanStatus *aScan;      /* Scan definitions for sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() */
#endif
};

/*
** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.eVdbeState

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *, VdbeSorter *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(const VdbeCursor *, int *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *, int, int *);

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeValueListFree(void*);

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(Vdbe*, VdbeCursor*);
SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeAssertAbortable(Vdbe*);
#else
# define sqlite3VdbeIncrWriteCounter(V,C)
# define sqlite3VdbeAssertAbortable(V)

      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
        if( p->tzSet==0 ){
          i64 iOrigJD;              /* Original localtime */
          i64 iGuess;               /* Guess at the corresponding utc time */
          int cnt = 0;              /* Safety to prevent infinite loop */
          i64 iErr;                 /* Guess is off by this much */

          computeJD(p);
          iGuess = iOrigJD = p->iJD;
          iErr = 0;
          do{
            DateTime new;
            memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));

*/
static int memsys5Roundup(int n){
  int iFullSz;
  if( n<=mem5.szAtom*2 ){
    if( n<=mem5.szAtom ) return mem5.szAtom;
    return mem5.szAtom*2;
  }
  if( n>0x10000000 ){
    if( n>0x40000000 ) return 0;
    if( n>0x20000000 ) return 0x40000000;
    return 0x20000000;
  }
  for(iFullSz=mem5.szAtom*8; iFullSz<n; iFullSz *= 4);
  if( (iFullSz/2)>=(i64)n ) return iFullSz/2;
  return iFullSz;
}

/*
** Return the ceiling of the logarithm base 2 of iValue.
**
** Examples:   memsys5Log(1) -> 0

**
** This is not a limit on the total amount of memory used.  This is
** a limit on the size parameter to sqlite3_malloc() and sqlite3_realloc().
**
** The upper bound is slightly less than 2GiB:  0x7ffffeff == 2,147,483,391
** This provides a 256-byte safety margin for defense against 32-bit
** signed integer overflow bugs when computing memory allocation sizes.
** Paranoid applications might want to reduce the maximum allocation size
** further for an even larger safety margin.  0x3fffffff or 0x0fffffff
** or even smaller would be reasonable upper bounds on the size of a memory
** allocations for most applications.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE
# define SQLITE_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE  2147483391
#endif

/*
** The text between zStart and zEnd represents a phrase within a larger
** SQL statement.  Make a copy of this phrase in space obtained form
** sqlite3DbMalloc().  Omit leading and trailing whitespace.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
  int n;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Because of the way the parser works, the span is guaranteed to contain
  ** at least one non-space character */
  for(n=0; sqlite3Isspace(zStart[n]); n++){ assert( &zStart[n]<zEnd ); }
#endif
  while( sqlite3Isspace(zStart[0]) ) zStart++;
  n = (int)(zEnd - zStart);
  while( sqlite3Isspace(zStart[n-1]) ) n--;
  return sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zStart, n);
}

/*
** Free any prior content in *pz and replace it with a copy of zNew.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, sqlite3 *db, const char *zNew){

            buf[1] = 0x80 + (u8)((ch>>12) & 0x3f);
            buf[2] = 0x80 + (u8)((ch>>6) & 0x3f);
            buf[3] = 0x80 + (u8)(ch & 0x3f);
            length = 4;
          }
        }
        if( precision>1 ){
          i64 nPrior = 1;
          width -= precision-1;
          if( width>1 && !flag_leftjustify ){
            sqlite3_str_appendchar(pAccum, width-1, ' ');
            width = 0;
          }
          sqlite3_str_append(pAccum, buf, length);
          precision--;
          while( precision > 1 ){
            i64 nCopyBytes;
            if( nPrior > precision-1 ) nPrior = precision - 1;
            nCopyBytes = length*nPrior;
            if( nCopyBytes + pAccum->nChar >= pAccum->nAlloc ){
              sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(pAccum, nCopyBytes);
            }
            if( pAccum->accError ) break;
            sqlite3_str_append(pAccum,
                 &pAccum->zText[pAccum->nChar-nCopyBytes], nCopyBytes);
            precision -= nPrior;
            nPrior *= 2;
          }
        }
        bufpt = buf;
        flag_altform2 = 1;
        goto adjust_width_for_utf8;
      case etSTRING:
      case etDYNSTRING:

/*
** Enlarge the memory allocation on a StrAccum object so that it is
** able to accept at least N more bytes of text.
**
** Return the number of bytes of text that StrAccum is able to accept
** after the attempted enlargement.  The value returned might be zero.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum *p, i64 N){
  char *zNew;
  assert( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc ); /* Only called if really needed */
  if( p->accError ){
    testcase(p->accError==SQLITE_TOOBIG);
    testcase(p->accError==SQLITE_NOMEM);
    return 0;
  }
  if( p->mxAlloc==0 ){
    sqlite3StrAccumSetError(p, SQLITE_TOOBIG);
    return p->nAlloc - p->nChar - 1;
  }else{
    char *zOld = isMalloced(p) ? p->zText : 0;
    i64 szNew = p->nChar + N + 1;

    if( szNew+p->nChar<=p->mxAlloc ){
      /* Force exponential buffer size growth as long as it does not overflow,
      ** to avoid having to call this routine too often */
      szNew += p->nChar;
    }
    if( szNew > p->mxAlloc ){
      sqlite3_str_reset(p);

      p->printfFlags |= SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED;
    }else{
      sqlite3_str_reset(p);
      sqlite3StrAccumSetError(p, SQLITE_NOMEM);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  assert( N>=0 && N<=0x7fffffff );
  return (int)N;
}

/*
** Append N copies of character c to the given string buffer.
*/
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_str_appendchar(sqlite3_str *p, int N, char c){
  testcase( p->nChar + (i64)N > 0x7fffffff );

    }
    if( pItem->fg.isCte ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " CteUse=0x%p", pItem->u2.pCteUse);
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isOn || (pItem->fg.isUsing==0 && pItem->u3.pOn!=0) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " ON");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc )      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isTabFunc");
    if( pItem->fg.isCorrelated )   sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isCorrelated");
    if( pItem->fg.isMaterialized ) sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isMaterialized");
    if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine )   sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " viaCoroutine");
    if( pItem->fg.notCte )         sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " notCte");
    if( pItem->fg.isNestedFrom )   sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " isNestedFrom");

    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<pSrc->nSrc-1);
    n = 0;
    if( pItem->pSelect ) n++;
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ) n++;
    if( pItem->fg.isUsing ) n++;
    if( pItem->fg.isUsing ){

  char zFlgs[200];
  sqlite3TreeViewPush(&pView, moreToFollow);
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "nil");
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(&pView);
    return;
  }
  if( pExpr->flags || pExpr->affExpr || pExpr->vvaFlags || pExpr->pAggInfo ){
    StrAccum x;
    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zFlgs, sizeof(zFlgs), 0);
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " fg.af=%x.%c",
      pExpr->flags, pExpr->affExpr ? pExpr->affExpr : 'n');
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " outer.iJoin=%d", pExpr->w.iJoin);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_InnerON) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " inner.iJoin=%d", pExpr->w.iJoin);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
    }
    if( ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_Immutable) ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " IMMUTABLE");
    }
    if( pExpr->pAggInfo!=0 ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " agg-column[%d]", pExpr->iAgg);
    }
    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
  }else{
    zFlgs[0] = 0;
  }
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG{%d:%d}%s",

    va_list ap;
    va_start(ap, zFormat);
    z = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, z, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
  }
}

/*
** Check for interrupts and invoke progress callback.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ProgressCheck(Parse *p){
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
  if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
    p->nErr++;
    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  if( db->xProgress && (++p->nProgressSteps)>=db->nProgressOps ){
    if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
      p->nErr++;
      p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
    }
    p->nProgressSteps = 0;
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and increment pParse->nErr.
**
** This function should be used to report any error that occurs while
** compiling an SQL statement (i.e. within sqlite3_prepare()). The
** last thing the sqlite3_prepare() function does is copy the error

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
}
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(default : 4756)
#endif

/*
** Render an signed 64-bit integer as text.  Store the result in zOut[] and
** return the length of the string that was stored, in bytes.  The value
** returned does not include the zero terminator at the end of the output
** string.
**
** The caller must ensure that zOut[] is at least 21 bytes in size.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Int64ToText(i64 v, char *zOut){
  int i;
  u64 x;
  char zTemp[22];
  if( v<0 ){
    x = (v==SMALLEST_INT64) ? ((u64)1)<<63 : (u64)-v;
  }else{
    x = v;
  }
  i = sizeof(zTemp)-2;
  zTemp[sizeof(zTemp)-1] = 0;
  do{
    zTemp[i--] = (x%10) + '0';
    x = x/10;
  }while( x );
  if( v<0 ) zTemp[i--] = '-';
  memcpy(zOut, &zTemp[i+1], sizeof(zTemp)-1-i);
  return sizeof(zTemp)-2-i;
}

/*
** Compare the 19-character string zNum against the text representation
** value 2^63:  9223372036854775808.  Return negative, zero, or positive
** if zNum is less than, equal to, or greater than the string.
** Note that zNum must contain exactly 19 characters.

    const char *z = (const char*)&pIn[i+2];
    if( strncmp(z,zName,nName)==0 && z[nName]==0 ) return pIn[i];
    i += pIn[i+1];
  }while( i<mx );
  return 0;
}

/*
** High-resolution hardware timer used for debugging and testing only.
*/
#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE)  \
 || defined(SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE) \
 || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
/************** Include hwtime.h in the middle of util.c *********************/
/************** Begin file hwtime.h ******************************************/
/*
** 2008 May 27
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This file contains inline asm code for retrieving "high-performance"
** counters for x86 and x86_64 class CPUs.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_HWTIME_H
#define SQLITE_HWTIME_H

/*
** The following routine only works on pentium-class (or newer) processors.
** It uses the RDTSC opcode to read the cycle count value out of the
** processor and returns that value.  This can be used for high-res
** profiling.
*/
#if !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && \
    (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)) && \
    (defined(i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86))

  #if defined(__GNUC__)

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

  #elif defined(_MSC_VER)

  __declspec(naked) __inline sqlite_uint64 __cdecl sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     __asm {
        rdtsc
        ret       ; return value at EDX:EAX
     }
  }

  #endif

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
     unsigned int lo, hi;
     __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a" (lo), "=d" (hi));
     return (sqlite_uint64)hi << 32 | lo;
  }

#elif !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) && (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__ppc__))

  __inline__ sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){
      unsigned long long retval;
      unsigned long junk;
      __asm__ __volatile__ ("\n\
          1:      mftbu   %1\n\
                  mftb    %L0\n\
                  mftbu   %0\n\
                  cmpw    %0,%1\n\
                  bne     1b"
                  : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
      return retval;
  }

#else

  /*
  ** asm() is needed for hardware timing support.  Without asm(),
  ** disable the sqlite3Hwtime() routine.
  **
  ** sqlite3Hwtime() is only used for some obscure debugging
  ** and analysis configurations, not in any deliverable, so this
  ** should not be a great loss.
  */
SQLITE_PRIVATE   sqlite_uint64 sqlite3Hwtime(void){ return ((sqlite_uint64)0); }

#endif

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_HWTIME_H) */

/************** End of hwtime.h **********************************************/
/************** Continuing where we left off in util.c ***********************/
#endif

/************** End of util.c ************************************************/
/************** Begin file hash.c ********************************************/
/*
** 2001 September 22
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:

    count = pEntry->count;
  }else{
    h = 0;
    elem = pH->first;
    count = pH->count;
  }
  if( pHash ) *pHash = h;
  while( count ){
    assert( elem!=0 );
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(elem->pKey,pKey)==0 ){
      return elem;
    }
    elem = elem->next;
    count--;
  }
  return &nullElement;
}

/* Remove a single entry from the hash table given a pointer to that
** element and a hash on the element's key.
*/

  sqlite3_file base;              /* IO methods */
  const char *zClass;             /* Storage class */
  int isJournal;                  /* True if this is a journal file */
  unsigned int nJrnl;             /* Space allocated for aJrnl[] */
  char *aJrnl;                    /* Journal content */
  int szPage;                     /* Last known page size */
  sqlite3_int64 szDb;             /* Database file size.  -1 means unknown */
  char *aData;                    /* Buffer to hold page data */
};
#define SQLITE_KVOS_SZ 133073

/*
** Methods for KVVfsFile
*/
static int kvvfsClose(sqlite3_file*);
static int kvvfsReadDb(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
static int kvvfsReadJrnl(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);

        n += (c - 'a')*mult;
        mult *= 26;
        c = aIn[++i];
      }
      if( j+n>nOut ) return -1;
      memset(&aOut[j], 0, n);
      j += n;

      if( c==0 || mult==1 ) break; /* progress stalled if mult==1 */
    }else{
      aOut[j] = c<<4;
      c = kvvfsHexValue[aIn[++i]];
      if( c<0 ) break;
      aOut[j++] += c;
      i++;
    }

*/
static int kvvfsClose(sqlite3_file *pProtoFile){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile *)pProtoFile;

  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xClose %s %s\n", pFile->zClass,
             pFile->isJournal ? "journal" : "db"));
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aJrnl);
  sqlite3_free(pFile->aData);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Read from the -journal file.
*/
static int kvvfsReadJrnl(

  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  unsigned int pgno;
  int got, n;
  char zKey[30];
  char *aData = pFile->aData;
  assert( iOfst>=0 );
  assert( iAmt>=0 );
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xRead('%s-db',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  if( iOfst+iAmt>=512 ){
    if( (iOfst % iAmt)!=0 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
    }
    if( (iAmt & (iAmt-1))!=0 || iAmt<512 || iAmt>65536 ){
      return SQLITE_IOERR_READ;
    }
    pFile->szPage = iAmt;
    pgno = 1 + iOfst/iAmt;
  }else{
    pgno = 1;
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);
  got = sqlite3KvvfsMethods.xRead(pFile->zClass, zKey,
                                  aData, SQLITE_KVOS_SZ-1);
  if( got<0 ){
    n = 0;
  }else{
    aData[got] = 0;
    if( iOfst+iAmt<512 ){
      int k = iOfst+iAmt;
      aData[k*2] = 0;
      n = kvvfsDecode(aData, &aData[2000], SQLITE_KVOS_SZ-2000);
      if( n>=iOfst+iAmt ){
        memcpy(zBuf, &aData[2000+iOfst], iAmt);
        n = iAmt;
      }else{
        n = 0;
      }
    }else{

  const void *zBuf,
  int iAmt,
  sqlite_int64 iOfst
){
  KVVfsFile *pFile = (KVVfsFile*)pProtoFile;
  unsigned int pgno;
  char zKey[30];
  char *aData = pFile->aData;
  SQLITE_KV_LOG(("xWrite('%s-db',%d,%lld)\n", pFile->zClass, iAmt, iOfst));
  assert( iAmt>=512 && iAmt<=65536 );
  assert( (iAmt & (iAmt-1))==0 );
  assert( pFile->szPage<0 || pFile->szPage==iAmt );
  pFile->szPage = iAmt;
  pgno = 1 + iOfst/iAmt;
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zKey), zKey, "%u", pgno);

  }else{
    return SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
  }
  if( zName[0]=='s' ){
    pFile->zClass = "session";
  }else{
    pFile->zClass = "local";
  }
  pFile->aData = sqlite3_malloc64(SQLITE_KVOS_SZ);
  if( pFile->aData==0 ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  pFile->aJrnl = 0;
  pFile->nJrnl = 0;
  pFile->szPage = -1;
  pFile->szDb = -1;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#include <sys/stat.h>    /* amalgamator: keep */
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>      /* amalgamator: keep */
/* #include <time.h> */
#include <sys/time.h>    /* amalgamator: keep */
#include <errno.h>
#if (!defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0) \
  && !defined(SQLITE_WASI)
# include <sys/mman.h>
#endif

#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
/* # include <sys/ioctl.h> */
# include <sys/file.h>
# include <sys/param.h>

#define MAX_PATHNAME 512

/*
** Maximum supported symbolic links
*/
#define SQLITE_MAX_SYMLINKS 100

/*
** Remove and stub certain info for WASI (WebAssembly System
** Interface) builds.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_WASI
# undef HAVE_FCHMOD
# undef HAVE_FCHOWN
# undef HAVE_MREMAP
# define HAVE_MREMAP 0
# ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_UNIX_VFS
#  define SQLITE_DEFAULT_UNIX_VFS "unix-dotfile"
   /* ^^^ should SQLITE_DEFAULT_UNIX_VFS be "unix-none"? */
# endif
# ifndef F_RDLCK
#  define F_RDLCK 0
#  define F_WRLCK 1
#  define F_UNLCK 2
#  if __LONG_MAX == 0x7fffffffL
#   define F_GETLK 12
#   define F_SETLK 13
#   define F_SETLKW 14
#  else
#   define F_GETLK 5
#   define F_SETLK 6
#   define F_SETLKW 7
#  endif
# endif
#else /* !SQLITE_WASI */
# ifndef HAVE_FCHMOD
#  define HAVE_FCHMOD
# endif
#endif /* SQLITE_WASI */

#ifdef SQLITE_WASI
# define osGetpid(X) (pid_t)1
#else
/* Always cast the getpid() return type for compatibility with
** kernel modules in VxWorks. */
# define osGetpid(X) (pid_t)getpid()
#endif

/*
** Only set the lastErrno if the error code is a real error and not
** a normal expected return code of SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_OK
*/
#define IS_LOCK_ERROR(x)  ((x != SQLITE_OK) && (x != SQLITE_BUSY))

  { "pwrite64",     (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)pwrite64,   0  },
#else
  { "pwrite64",     (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,          0  },
#endif
#define osPwrite64  ((ssize_t(*)(int,const void*,size_t,off64_t))\
                    aSyscall[13].pCurrent)

#if defined(HAVE_FCHMOD)
  { "fchmod",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)fchmod,          0  },
#else
  { "fchmod",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0  },
#endif
#define osFchmod    ((int(*)(int,mode_t))aSyscall[14].pCurrent)

#if defined(HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE) && HAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE
  { "fallocate",    (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)posix_fallocate,  0 },
#else
  { "fallocate",    (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,                0 },
#endif

#if defined(HAVE_FCHOWN)
  { "geteuid",      (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)geteuid,         0 },
#else
  { "geteuid",      (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0 },
#endif
#define osGeteuid   ((uid_t(*)(void))aSyscall[21].pCurrent)

#if (!defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0) \
  && !defined(SQLITE_WASI)
  { "mmap",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)mmap,            0 },
#else
  { "mmap",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0 },
#endif
#define osMmap ((void*(*)(void*,size_t,int,int,int,off_t))aSyscall[22].pCurrent)

#if (!defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0) \
  && !defined(SQLITE_WASI)
  { "munmap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)munmap,          0 },
#else
  { "munmap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0 },
#endif
#define osMunmap ((int(*)(void*,size_t))aSyscall[23].pCurrent)

#if HAVE_MREMAP && (!defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0)

    fd = osOpen(z,f,m2);
#endif
    if( fd<0 ){
      if( errno==EINTR ) continue;
      break;
    }
    if( fd>=SQLITE_MINIMUM_FILE_DESCRIPTOR ) break;
    if( (f & (O_EXCL|O_CREAT))==(O_EXCL|O_CREAT) ){
      (void)osUnlink(z);
    }
    osClose(fd);
    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_WARNING,
                "attempt to open \"%s\" as file descriptor %d", z, fd);
    fd = -1;
    if( osOpen("/dev/null", O_RDONLY, m)<0 ) break;
  }
  if( fd>=0 ){

** are inserted in between.  The locking might fail on one of the later
** transitions leaving the lock state different from what it started but
** still short of its goal.  The following chart shows the allowed
** transitions and the inserted intermediate states:
**
**    UNLOCKED -> SHARED
**    SHARED -> RESERVED
**    SHARED -> EXCLUSIVE
**    RESERVED -> (PENDING) -> EXCLUSIVE
**    PENDING -> EXCLUSIVE
**
** This routine will only increase a lock.  Use the sqlite3OsUnlock()
** routine to lower a locking level.
*/
static int unixLock(sqlite3_file *id, int eFileLock){

  ** lack of shared-locks on Windows95 lives on, for backwards
  ** compatibility.)
  **
  ** A process may only obtain a RESERVED lock after it has a SHARED lock.
  ** A RESERVED lock is implemented by grabbing a write-lock on the
  ** 'reserved byte'.
  **
  ** An EXCLUSIVE lock may only be requested after either a SHARED or
  ** RESERVED lock is held. An EXCLUSIVE lock is implemented by obtaining
  ** a write-lock on the entire 'shared byte range'. Since all other locks
  ** require a read-lock on one of the bytes within this range, this ensures
  ** that no other locks are held on the database.



  **
  ** If a process that holds a RESERVED lock requests an EXCLUSIVE, then
  ** a PENDING lock is obtained first. A PENDING lock is implemented by
  ** obtaining a write-lock on the 'pending byte'. This ensures that no new
  ** SHARED locks can be obtained, but existing SHARED locks are allowed to
  ** persist. If the call to this function fails to obtain the EXCLUSIVE
  ** lock in this case, it holds the PENDING lock intead. The client may
  ** then re-attempt the EXCLUSIVE lock later on, after existing SHARED
  ** locks have cleared.
  */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
  unixInodeInfo *pInode;
  struct flock lock;
  int tErrno = 0;

  /* A PENDING lock is needed before acquiring a SHARED lock and before
  ** acquiring an EXCLUSIVE lock.  For the SHARED lock, the PENDING will
  ** be released.
  */
  lock.l_len = 1L;
  lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
  if( eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK
   || (eFileLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK && pFile->eFileLock==RESERVED_LOCK)
  ){
    lock.l_type = (eFileLock==SHARED_LOCK?F_RDLCK:F_WRLCK);
    lock.l_start = PENDING_BYTE;
    if( unixFileLock(pFile, &lock) ){
      tErrno = errno;
      rc = sqliteErrorFromPosixError(tErrno, SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_BUSY ){
        storeLastErrno(pFile, tErrno);
      }
      goto end_lock;
    }else if( eFileLock==EXCLUSIVE_LOCK ){
      pFile->eFileLock = PENDING_LOCK;
      pInode->eFileLock = PENDING_LOCK;
    }
  }


  /* If control gets to this point, then actually go ahead and make
  ** operating system calls for the specified lock.
  */

  ){
    pFile->transCntrChng = 0;
    pFile->dbUpdate = 0;
    pFile->inNormalWrite = 1;
  }
#endif


  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pFile->eFileLock = eFileLock;
    pInode->eFileLock = eFileLock;



  }

end_lock:
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pInode->pLockMutex);
  OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (unix)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock),
      rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
  return rc;

  int nName            /* Number of significant bytes in zName */
){
  assert( nName>0 );
  assert( zName!=0 );
  if( zName[0]=='.' ){
    if( nName==1 ) return;
    if( zName[1]=='.' && nName==2 ){
      if( pPath->nUsed>1 ){



        assert( pPath->zOut[0]=='/' );
        while( pPath->zOut[--pPath->nUsed]!='/' ){}
      }
      return;
    }
  }
  if( pPath->nUsed + nName + 2 >= pPath->nOut ){
    pPath->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    return;
  }

** The argument is the number of microseconds we want to sleep.
** The return value is the number of microseconds of sleep actually
** requested from the underlying operating system, a number which
** might be greater than or equal to the argument, but not less
** than the argument.
*/
static int unixSleep(sqlite3_vfs *NotUsed, int microseconds){
#if OS_VXWORKS || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L
  struct timespec sp;

  sp.tv_sec = microseconds / 1000000;
  sp.tv_nsec = (microseconds % 1000000) * 1000;
  nanosleep(&sp, NULL);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  return microseconds;

static int memdbClose(sqlite3_file*);
static int memdbRead(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
static int memdbWrite(sqlite3_file*,const void*,int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
static int memdbTruncate(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
static int memdbSync(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
static int memdbFileSize(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
static int memdbLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
static int memdbUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
/* static int memdbCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);// not used */
static int memdbFileControl(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
/* static int memdbSectorSize(sqlite3_file*); // not used */
static int memdbDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file*);
static int memdbFetch(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
static int memdbUnfetch(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);

  memdbClose,                      /* xClose */
  memdbRead,                       /* xRead */
  memdbWrite,                      /* xWrite */
  memdbTruncate,                   /* xTruncate */
  memdbSync,                       /* xSync */
  memdbFileSize,                   /* xFileSize */
  memdbLock,                       /* xLock */
  memdbUnlock,                     /* xUnlock */
  0, /* memdbCheckReservedLock, */ /* xCheckReservedLock */
  memdbFileControl,                /* xFileControl */
  0, /* memdbSectorSize,*/         /* xSectorSize */
  memdbDeviceCharacteristics,      /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
  0,                               /* xShmMap */
  0,                               /* xShmLock */
  0,                               /* xShmBarrier */

/*
** Lock an memdb-file.
*/
static int memdbLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
  MemFile *pThis = (MemFile*)pFile;
  MemStore *p = pThis->pStore;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  if( eLock<=pThis->eLock ) return SQLITE_OK;
  memdbEnter(p);

  assert( p->nWrLock==0 || p->nWrLock==1 );
  assert( pThis->eLock<=SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED || p->nWrLock==1 );
  assert( pThis->eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_NONE || p->nRdLock>=1 );

  if( eLock>SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED && (p->mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY) ){
    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
  }else{
    switch( eLock ){
      case SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED: {
        assert( pThis->eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_NONE );
        if( p->nWrLock>0 ){
          rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
        }else{
          p->nRdLock++;
        }
        break;
      };

      case SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED:
      case SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING: {
        assert( pThis->eLock>=SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED );
        if( ALWAYS(pThis->eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED) ){
          if( p->nWrLock>0 ){
            rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
          }else{
            p->nWrLock = 1;
          }
        }
        break;
      }

      default: {
        assert(  eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE );
        assert( pThis->eLock>=SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED );
        if( p->nRdLock>1 ){
          rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
        }else if( pThis->eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED ){
          p->nWrLock = 1;
        }

        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pThis->eLock = eLock;
  memdbLeave(p);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Unlock an memdb-file.
*/
static int memdbUnlock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
  MemFile *pThis = (MemFile*)pFile;
  MemStore *p = pThis->pStore;
  if( eLock>=pThis->eLock ) return SQLITE_OK;
  memdbEnter(p);

  assert( eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED || eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_NONE );
  if( eLock==SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED ){
    if( ALWAYS(pThis->eLock>SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED) ){
      p->nWrLock--;
    }
  }else{
    if( pThis->eLock>SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED ){
      p->nWrLock--;
    }
    p->nRdLock--;
  }

  pThis->eLock = eLock;
  memdbLeave(p);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#if 0
/*
** This interface is only used for crash recovery, which does not
** occur on an in-memory database.
*/
static int memdbCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int *pResOut){

  MemFile *pFile = (MemFile*)pFd;
  MemStore *p = 0;
  int szName;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);

  memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(*pFile));
  szName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  if( szName>1 && (zName[0]=='/' || zName[0]=='\\') ){
    int i;
#ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
    sqlite3_mutex *pVfsMutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_VFS1);
#endif
    sqlite3_mutex_enter(pVfsMutex);
    for(i=0; i<memdb_g.nMemStore; i++){
      if( strcmp(memdb_g.apMemStore[i]->zFName,zName)==0 ){

  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
  if( pData && (mFlags & SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_FREEONCLOSE)!=0 ){
    sqlite3_free(pData);
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Return true if the VFS is the memvfs.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsMemdb(const sqlite3_vfs *pVfs){
  return pVfs==&memdb_vfs;
}

/*
** This routine is called when the extension is loaded.
** Register the new VFS.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MemdbInit(void){
  sqlite3_vfs *pLower = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);

    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && zSuper[0] && res ){
    /* If there was a super-journal and this routine will return success,
    ** see if it is possible to delete the super-journal.
    */
    assert( zSuper==&pPager->pTmpSpace[4] );
    memset(pPager->pTmpSpace, 0, 4);
    rc = pager_delsuper(pPager, zSuper);
    testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
  }
  if( isHot && nPlayback ){
    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK, "recovered %d pages from %s",
                nPlayback, pPager->zJournal);
  }

** and SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL on platforms other than MacOSX.  But the
** synchronous=FULL versus synchronous=NORMAL setting determines when
** the xSync primitive is called and is relevant to all platforms.
**
** Numeric values associated with these states are OFF==1, NORMAL=2,
** and FULL=3.
*/

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerSetFlags(
  Pager *pPager,        /* The pager to set safety level for */
  unsigned pgFlags      /* Various flags */
){
  unsigned level = pgFlags & PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_MASK;
  if( pPager->tempFile ){
    pPager->noSync = 1;

  }
  if( pgFlags & PAGER_CACHESPILL ){
    pPager->doNotSpill &= ~SPILLFLAG_OFF;
  }else{
    pPager->doNotSpill |= SPILLFLAG_OFF;
  }
}


/*
** The following global variable is incremented whenever the library
** attempts to open a temporary file.  This information is used for
** testing and analysis only.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST

  char *zPathname = 0;     /* Full path to database file */
  int nPathname = 0;       /* Number of bytes in zPathname */
  int useJournal = (flags & PAGER_OMIT_JOURNAL)==0; /* False to omit journal */
  int pcacheSize = sqlite3PcacheSize();       /* Bytes to allocate for PCache */
  u32 szPageDflt = SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;  /* Default page size */
  const char *zUri = 0;    /* URI args to copy */
  int nUriByte = 1;        /* Number of bytes of URI args at *zUri */


  /* Figure out how much space is required for each journal file-handle
  ** (there are two of them, the main journal and the sub-journal).  */
  journalFileSize = ROUND8(sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs));

  /* Set the output variable to NULL in case an error occurs. */
  *ppPager = 0;

      }
    }
    nPathname = sqlite3Strlen30(zPathname);
    z = zUri = &zFilename[sqlite3Strlen30(zFilename)+1];
    while( *z ){
      z += strlen(z)+1;
      z += strlen(z)+1;

    }
    nUriByte = (int)(&z[1] - zUri);
    assert( nUriByte>=1 );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nPathname+8>pVfs->mxPathname ){
      /* This branch is taken when the journal path required by
      ** the database being opened will be more than pVfs->mxPathname
      ** bytes in length. This means the database cannot be opened,

          || tempFile==PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE );
  assert( PAGER_LOCKINGMODE_EXCLUSIVE==1 );
  pPager->exclusiveMode = (u8)tempFile;
  pPager->changeCountDone = pPager->tempFile;
  pPager->memDb = (u8)memDb;
  pPager->readOnly = (u8)readOnly;
  assert( useJournal || pPager->tempFile );

  sqlite3PagerSetFlags(pPager, (SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1)|PAGER_CACHESPILL);










  /* pPager->pFirst = 0; */
  /* pPager->pFirstSynced = 0; */
  /* pPager->pLast = 0; */
  pPager->nExtra = (u16)nExtra;
  pPager->journalSizeLimit = SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT;
  assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) || tempFile );
  setSectorSize(pPager);

# define DIRECT_MODE 0
  assert( isDirectMode==0 );
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(isDirectMode);
#else
# define DIRECT_MODE isDirectMode
#endif

  if( !pPager->changeCountDone && pPager->dbSize>0 ){
    PgHdr *pPgHdr;                /* Reference to page 1 */

    assert( !pPager->tempFile && isOpen(pPager->fd) );

    /* Open page 1 of the file for writing. */
    rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, 1, &pPgHdr, 0);
    assert( pPgHdr==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );

** participate in shared-cache.
**
** The return value to this routine is always safe to use with
** sqlite3_uri_parameter() and sqlite3_filename_database() and friends.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3PagerFilename(const Pager *pPager, int nullIfMemDb){
  static const char zFake[8] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
  if( nullIfMemDb && (pPager->memDb || sqlite3IsMemdb(pPager->pVfs)) ){
    return &zFake[4];
  }else{
    return pPager->zFilename;
  }
}

/*
** Return the VFS structure for the pager.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3PagerVfs(Pager *pPager){
  return pPager->pVfs;

** The ISAUTOVACUUM macro is used within balance_nonroot() to determine
** if the database supports auto-vacuum or not. Because it is used
** within an expression that is an argument to another macro
** (sqliteMallocRaw), it is not possible to use conditional compilation.
** So, this macro is defined instead.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
#define ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) (pBt->autoVacuum)
#else
#define ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) 0
#endif


/*
** This structure is passed around through all the PRAGMA integrity_check
** checking routines in order to keep track of some global state information.
**
** The aRef[] array is allocated so that there is 1 bit for each page in
** the database. As the integrity-check proceeds, for each page used in
** the database the corresponding bit is set. This allows integrity-check to
** detect pages that are used twice and orphaned pages (both of which
** indicate corruption).
*/
typedef struct IntegrityCk IntegrityCk;
struct IntegrityCk {
  BtShared *pBt;    /* The tree being checked out */
  Pager *pPager;    /* The associated pager.  Also accessible by pBt->pPager */
  u8 *aPgRef;       /* 1 bit per page in the db (see above) */
  Pgno nPage;       /* Number of pages in the database */
  int mxErr;        /* Stop accumulating errors when this reaches zero */
  int nErr;         /* Number of messages written to zErrMsg so far */
  int rc;           /* SQLITE_OK, SQLITE_NOMEM, or SQLITE_INTERRUPT */
  u32 nStep;        /* Number of steps into the integrity_check process */
  const char *zPfx; /* Error message prefix */
  Pgno v1;          /* Value for first %u substitution in zPfx */
  int v2;           /* Value for second %d substitution in zPfx */
  StrAccum errMsg;  /* Accumulate the error message text here */
  u32 *heap;        /* Min-heap used for analyzing cell coverage */
  sqlite3 *db;      /* Database connection running the check */
};

/*
** Decode the flags byte (the first byte of the header) for a page
** and initialize fields of the MemPage structure accordingly.
**
** Only the following combinations are supported.  Anything different
** indicates a corrupt database files:
**
**         PTF_ZERODATA                             (0x02,  2)
**         PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY                (0x05,  5)
**         PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF                  (0x0a, 10)
**         PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY | PTF_LEAF     (0x0d, 13)

*/
static int decodeFlags(MemPage *pPage, int flagByte){
  BtShared *pBt;     /* A copy of pPage->pBt */

  assert( pPage->hdrOffset==(pPage->pgno==1 ? 100 : 0) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  pBt = pPage->pBt;
  pPage->max1bytePayload = pBt->max1bytePayload;
  if( flagByte>=(PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF) ){
    pPage->childPtrSize = 0;
    pPage->leaf = 1;
    if( flagByte==(PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY | PTF_LEAF) ){

      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 1;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtrTableLeaf;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtr;
      pPage->intKey = 1;
      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLeaf;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLeaf;
    }else if( flagByte==(PTF_ZERODATA | PTF_LEAF) ){
      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLocal;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLocal;
    }else{
      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
    }
  }else{
    pPage->childPtrSize = 4;
    pPage->leaf = 0;
    if( flagByte==(PTF_ZERODATA) ){
      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLocal;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLocal;
    }else if( flagByte==(PTF_LEAFDATA | PTF_INTKEY) ){
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtrNoPayload;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrNoPayload;











      pPage->intKey = 1;


      pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLeaf;
      pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLeaf;
    }else{


      pPage->intKey = 0;
      pPage->intKeyLeaf = 0;
      pPage->xCellSize = cellSizePtr;
      pPage->xParseCell = btreeParseCellPtrIndex;
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
    }

  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Compute the amount of freespace on the page.  In other words, fill
** in the pPage->nFree field.
*/

  return rc;
}

/* Move the cursor to the last entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
  int rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
    *pRes = 0;
    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
    }else{
      pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
    }
  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
    *pRes = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }
  return rc;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );

  /* If the cursor already points to the last entry, this is a no-op. */
  if( CURSOR_VALID==pCur->eState && (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_AtLast)!=0 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point
    ** to the last entry in the b-tree. */
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
      assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
    }
    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 || CORRUPT_DB );
    testcase( pCur->ix!=pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
    /* ^-- dbsqlfuzz b92b72e4de80b5140c30ab71372ca719b8feb618 */
    assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
#endif
    *pRes = 0;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
















  return btreeLast(pCur, pRes);
}

/* Move the cursor so that it points to an entry in a table (a.k.a INTKEY)
** table near the key intKey.   Return a success code.
**
** If an exact match is not found, then the cursor is always
** left pointing at a leaf page which would hold the entry if it

    }
    memset(pPage->aData, 0, pPage->pBt->pageSize);
  }

  /* If the database supports auto-vacuum, write an entry in the pointer-map
  ** to indicate that the page is free.
  */
  if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
    ptrmapPut(pBt, iPage, PTRMAP_FREEPAGE, 0, &rc);
    if( rc ) goto freepage_out;
  }

  /* Now manipulate the actual database free-list structure. There are two
  ** possibilities. If the free-list is currently empty, or if the first
  ** trunk page in the free-list is full, then this page will become a

** If the cell content will fit on the page, then put it there.  If it
** will not fit, then make a copy of the cell content into pTemp if
** pTemp is not null.  Regardless of pTemp, allocate a new entry
** in pPage->apOvfl[] and make it point to the cell content (either
** in pTemp or the original pCell) and also record its index.
** Allocating a new entry in pPage->aCell[] implies that
** pPage->nOverflow is incremented.


*/
static int insertCell(
  MemPage *pPage,   /* Page into which we are copying */
  int i,            /* New cell becomes the i-th cell of the page */
  u8 *pCell,        /* Content of the new cell */
  int sz,           /* Bytes of content in pCell */
  u8 *pTemp,        /* Temp storage space for pCell, if needed */
  Pgno iChild       /* If non-zero, replace first 4 bytes with this value */

){
  int idx = 0;      /* Where to write new cell content in data[] */
  int j;            /* Loop counter */
  u8 *data;         /* The content of the whole page */
  u8 *pIns;         /* The point in pPage->aCellIdx[] where no cell inserted */


  assert( i>=0 && i<=pPage->nCell+pPage->nOverflow );
  assert( MX_CELL(pPage->pBt)<=10921 );
  assert( pPage->nCell<=MX_CELL(pPage->pBt) || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pPage->nOverflow<=ArraySize(pPage->apOvfl) );
  assert( ArraySize(pPage->apOvfl)==ArraySize(pPage->aiOvfl) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( sz==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, pCell) || CORRUPT_DB );

    ** balancing, and the dividers are adjacent and sorted.
    */
    assert( j==0 || pPage->aiOvfl[j-1]<(u16)i ); /* Overflows in sorted order */
    assert( j==0 || i==pPage->aiOvfl[j-1]+1 );   /* Overflows are sequential */
  }else{
    int rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){

      return rc;
    }
    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
    data = pPage->aData;
    assert( &data[pPage->cellOffset]==pPage->aCellIdx );
    rc = allocateSpace(pPage, sz, &idx);
    if( rc ){ return rc; }
    /* The allocateSpace() routine guarantees the following properties
    ** if it returns successfully */
    assert( idx >= 0 );
    assert( idx >= pPage->cellOffset+2*pPage->nCell+2 || CORRUPT_DB );
    assert( idx+sz <= (int)pPage->pBt->usableSize );
    pPage->nFree -= (u16)(2 + sz);
    if( iChild ){

    put2byte(pIns, idx);
    pPage->nCell++;
    /* increment the cell count */
    if( (++data[pPage->hdrOffset+4])==0 ) data[pPage->hdrOffset+3]++;
    assert( get2byte(&data[pPage->hdrOffset+3])==pPage->nCell || CORRUPT_DB );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
    if( pPage->pBt->autoVacuum ){
      int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;
      /* The cell may contain a pointer to an overflow page. If so, write
      ** the entry for the overflow page into the pointer map.
      */
      ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pPage, pPage, pCell, &rc2);
      if( rc2 ) return rc2;
    }
#endif
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** The following parameters determine how many adjacent pages get involved
** in a balancing operation.  NN is the number of neighbors on either side
** of the page that participate in the balancing operation.  NB is the
** total number of pages that participate, including the target page and

};

/*
** Make sure the cell sizes at idx, idx+1, ..., idx+N-1 have been
** computed.
*/
static void populateCellCache(CellArray *p, int idx, int N){
  MemPage *pRef = p->pRef;
  u16 *szCell = p->szCell;
  assert( idx>=0 && idx+N<=p->nCell );
  while( N>0 ){
    assert( p->apCell[idx]!=0 );
    if( szCell[idx]==0 ){
      szCell[idx] = pRef->xCellSize(pRef, p->apCell[idx]);
    }else{
      assert( CORRUPT_DB ||
              szCell[idx]==pRef->xCellSize(pRef, p->apCell[idx]) );
    }
    idx++;
    N--;
  }
}

/*

){
  u8 * const aData = pPg->aData;
  u8 * const pEnd = &aData[pPg->pBt->usableSize];
  u8 * const pStart = &aData[pPg->hdrOffset + 8 + pPg->childPtrSize];
  int nRet = 0;
  int i;
  int iEnd = iFirst + nCell;
  u8 *pFree = 0;                  /* \__ Parameters for pending call to */
  int szFree = 0;                 /* /   freeSpace()                    */

  for(i=iFirst; i<iEnd; i++){
    u8 *pCell = pCArray->apCell[i];
    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(pCell, pStart, pEnd) ){
      int sz;
      /* No need to use cachedCellSize() here.  The sizes of all cells that
      ** are to be freed have already been computing while deciding which
      ** cells need freeing */
      sz = pCArray->szCell[i];  assert( sz>0 );
      if( pFree!=(pCell + sz) ){
        if( pFree ){
          assert( pFree>aData && (pFree - aData)<65536 );
          freeSpace(pPg, (u16)(pFree - aData), szFree);
        }
        pFree = pCell;
        szFree = sz;
        if( pFree+sz>pEnd ){
          return 0;
        }
      }else{
        /* The current cell is adjacent to and before the pFree cell.
        ** Combine the two regions into one to reduce the number of calls
        ** to freeSpace(). */
        pFree = pCell;
        szFree += sz;
      }
      nRet++;
    }
  }
  if( pFree ){

    ** cell on the page to an overflow page. If either of these
    ** operations fails, the return code is set, but the contents
    ** of the parent page are still manipulated by thh code below.
    ** That is Ok, at this point the parent page is guaranteed to
    ** be marked as dirty. Returning an error code will cause a
    ** rollback, undoing any changes made to the parent page.
    */
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
      ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoNew, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
      if( szCell>pNew->minLocal ){
        ptrmapPutOvflPtr(pNew, pNew, pCell, &rc);
      }
    }

    /* Create a divider cell to insert into pParent. The divider cell

    pStop = &pCell[9];
    while( (*(pCell++)&0x80) && pCell<pStop );
    pStop = &pCell[9];
    while( ((*(pOut++) = *(pCell++))&0x80) && pCell<pStop );

    /* Insert the new divider cell into pParent. */
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = insertCell(pParent, pParent->nCell, pSpace, (int)(pOut-pSpace),
                      0, pPage->pgno);
    }

    /* Set the right-child pointer of pParent to point to the new page. */
    put4byte(&pParent->aData[pParent->hdrOffset+8], pgnoNew);

    /* Release the reference to the new page. */
    releasePage(pNew);

      *pRC = rc;
      return;
    }

    /* If this is an auto-vacuum database, update the pointer-map entries
    ** for any b-tree or overflow pages that pTo now contains the pointers to.
    */
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
      *pRC = setChildPtrmaps(pTo);
    }
  }
}

/*
** This routine redistributes cells on the iParentIdx'th child of pParent

    int r;              /* Index of right-most cell in left sibling */
    int d;              /* Index of first cell to the left of right sibling */

    r = cntNew[i-1] - 1;
    d = r + 1 - leafData;
    (void)cachedCellSize(&b, d);
    do{
      int szR, szD;
      assert( d<nMaxCells );
      assert( r<nMaxCells );
      szR = cachedCellSize(&b, r);
      szD = b.szCell[d];
      if( szRight!=0
       && (bBulk || szRight+szD+2 > szLeft-(szR+(i==k-1?0:2)))){
        break;
      }
      szRight += szD + 2;
      szLeft -= szR + 2;
      cntNew[i-1] = r;
      r--;
      d--;
    }while( r>=0 );
    szNew[i] = szRight;
    szNew[i-1] = szLeft;
    if( cntNew[i-1] <= (i>1 ? cntNew[i-2] : 0) ){

      if( rc ) goto balance_cleanup;
      zeroPage(pNew, pageFlags);
      apNew[i] = pNew;
      nNew++;
      cntOld[i] = b.nCell;

      /* Set the pointer-map entry for the new sibling page. */
      if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
        ptrmapPut(pBt, pNew->pgno, PTRMAP_BTREE, pParent->pgno, &rc);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto balance_cleanup;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  **      with the cell.
  **
  ** If the sibling pages are not leaves, then the pointer map entry
  ** associated with the right-child of each sibling may also need to be
  ** updated. This happens below, after the sibling pages have been
  ** populated, not here.
  */
  if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
    MemPage *pOld;
    MemPage *pNew = pOld = apNew[0];
    int cntOldNext = pNew->nCell + pNew->nOverflow;
    int iNew = 0;
    int iOld = 0;

    for(i=0; i<b.nCell; i++){

    assert( iOvflSpace <= (int)pBt->pageSize );
    for(k=0; b.ixNx[k]<=j && ALWAYS(k<NB*2); k++){}
    pSrcEnd = b.apEnd[k];
    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(pSrcEnd, pCell, pCell+sz) ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      goto balance_cleanup;
    }
    rc = insertCell(pParent, nxDiv+i, pCell, sz, pTemp, pNew->pgno);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto balance_cleanup;
    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pParent->pDbPage) );
  }

  /* Now update the actual sibling pages. The order in which they are updated
  ** is important, as this code needs to avoid disrupting any page from which
  ** cells may still to be read. In practice, this means:

    assert( apNew[0]->nFree ==
        (get2byteNotZero(&apNew[0]->aData[5]) - apNew[0]->cellOffset
          - apNew[0]->nCell*2)
      || rc!=SQLITE_OK
    );
    copyNodeContent(apNew[0], pParent, &rc);
    freePage(apNew[0], &rc);
  }else if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) && !leafCorrection ){
    /* Fix the pointer map entries associated with the right-child of each
    ** sibling page. All other pointer map entries have already been taken
    ** care of.  */
    for(i=0; i<nNew; i++){
      u32 key = get4byte(&apNew[i]->aData[8]);
      ptrmapPut(pBt, key, PTRMAP_BTREE, apNew[i]->pgno, &rc);
    }
  }

  assert( pParent->isInit );
  TRACE(("BALANCE: finished: old=%d new=%d cells=%d\n",
          nOld, nNew, b.nCell));

  /* Free any old pages that were not reused as new pages.
  */
  for(i=nNew; i<nOld; i++){
    freePage(apOld[i], &rc);
  }

#if 0
  if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) && rc==SQLITE_OK && apNew[0]->isInit ){
    /* The ptrmapCheckPages() contains assert() statements that verify that
    ** all pointer map pages are set correctly. This is helpful while
    ** debugging. This is usually disabled because a corrupt database may
    ** cause an assert() statement to fail.  */
    ptrmapCheckPages(apNew, nNew);
    ptrmapCheckPages(&pParent, 1);
  }

  ** page that will become the new right-child of pPage. Copy the contents
  ** of the node stored on pRoot into the new child page.
  */
  rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pRoot->pDbPage);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt,&pChild,&pgnoChild,pRoot->pgno,0);
    copyNodeContent(pRoot, pChild, &rc);
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) ){
      ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoChild, PTRMAP_BTREE, pRoot->pgno, &rc);
    }
  }
  if( rc ){
    *ppChild = 0;
    releasePage(pChild);
    return rc;

    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Overwrite the cell that cursor pCur is pointing to with fresh content
** contained in pX.  In this variant, pCur is pointing to an overflow
** cell.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeOverwriteOverflowCell(
  BtCursor *pCur,                     /* Cursor pointing to cell to ovewrite */
  const BtreePayload *pX              /* Content to write into the cell */
){
  int iOffset;                        /* Next byte of pX->pData to write */
  int nTotal = pX->nData + pX->nZero; /* Total bytes of to write */
  int rc;                             /* Return code */
  MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;       /* Page being written */
  BtShared *pBt;                      /* Btree */
  Pgno ovflPgno;                      /* Next overflow page to write */
  u32 ovflPageSize;                   /* Size to write on overflow page */

  assert( pCur->info.nLocal<nTotal );  /* pCur is an overflow cell */




  /* Overwrite the local portion first */
  rc = btreeOverwriteContent(pPage, pCur->info.pPayload, pX,
                             0, pCur->info.nLocal);
  if( rc ) return rc;


  /* Now overwrite the overflow pages */
  iOffset = pCur->info.nLocal;
  assert( nTotal>=0 );
  assert( iOffset>=0 );
  ovflPgno = get4byte(pCur->info.pPayload + iOffset);
  pBt = pPage->pBt;

    }
    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPage->pDbPage);
    if( rc ) return rc;
    iOffset += ovflPageSize;
  }while( iOffset<nTotal );
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Overwrite the cell that cursor pCur is pointing to with fresh content
** contained in pX.
*/
static int btreeOverwriteCell(BtCursor *pCur, const BtreePayload *pX){
  int nTotal = pX->nData + pX->nZero; /* Total bytes of to write */
  MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;       /* Page being written */

  if( pCur->info.pPayload + pCur->info.nLocal > pPage->aDataEnd
   || pCur->info.pPayload < pPage->aData + pPage->cellOffset
  ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  if( pCur->info.nLocal==nTotal ){
    /* The entire cell is local */
    return btreeOverwriteContent(pPage, pCur->info.pPayload, pX,
                                 0, pCur->info.nLocal);
  }else{
    /* The cell contains overflow content */
    return btreeOverwriteOverflowCell(pCur, pX);
  }
}


/*
** Insert a new record into the BTree.  The content of the new record
** is described by the pX object.  The pCur cursor is used only to
** define what table the record should be inserted into, and is left
** pointing at a random location.

){
  int rc;
  int loc = seekResult;          /* -1: before desired location  +1: after */
  int szNew = 0;
  int idx;
  MemPage *pPage;
  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;

  unsigned char *oldCell;
  unsigned char *newCell = 0;

  assert( (flags & (BTREE_SAVEPOSITION|BTREE_APPEND|BTREE_PREFORMAT))==flags );
  assert( (flags & BTREE_PREFORMAT)==0 || seekResult || pCur->pKeyInfo==0 );

  /* Save the positions of any other cursors open on this table.
  **
  ** In some cases, the call to btreeMoveto() below is a no-op. For
  ** example, when inserting data into a table with auto-generated integer
  ** keys, the VDBE layer invokes sqlite3BtreeLast() to figure out the
  ** integer key to use. It then calls this function to actually insert the
  ** data into the intkey B-Tree. In this case btreeMoveto() recognizes
  ** that the cursor is already where it needs to be and returns without
  ** doing any work. To avoid thwarting these optimizations, it is important
  ** not to clear the cursor here.
  */
  if( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_Multiple ){
    rc = saveAllCursors(p->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur);
    if( rc ) return rc;
    if( loc && pCur->iPage<0 ){
      /* This can only happen if the schema is corrupt such that there is more
      ** than one table or index with the same root page as used by the cursor.
      ** Which can only happen if the SQLITE_NoSchemaError flag was set when
      ** the schema was loaded. This cannot be asserted though, as a user might
      ** set the flag, load the schema, and then unset the flag.  */

    testcase( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT );
    rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
    if( rc && rc!=SQLITE_EMPTY ) return rc;
  }

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)!=0
              && p->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE
              && (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0 );
  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );

  /* Assert that the caller has been consistent. If this cursor was opened
  ** expecting an index b-tree, then the caller should be inserting blob
  ** keys with no associated data. If the cursor was opened expecting an
  ** intkey table, the caller should be inserting integer keys with a
  ** blob of associated data.  */

    if( rc ) return rc;
  }

  TRACE(("INSERT: table=%d nkey=%lld ndata=%d page=%d %s\n",
          pCur->pgnoRoot, pX->nKey, pX->nData, pPage->pgno,
          loc==0 ? "overwrite" : "new entry"));
  assert( pPage->isInit || CORRUPT_DB );
  newCell = p->pBt->pTmpSpace;
  assert( newCell!=0 );
  assert( BTREE_PREFORMAT==OPFLAG_PREFORMAT );
  if( flags & BTREE_PREFORMAT ){
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
    szNew = p->pBt->nPreformatSize;
    if( szNew<4 ) szNew = 4;
    if( ISAUTOVACUUM(p->pBt) && szNew>pPage->maxLocal ){
      CellInfo info;
      pPage->xParseCell(pPage, newCell, &info);
      if( info.nPayload!=info.nLocal ){
        Pgno ovfl = get4byte(&newCell[szNew-4]);
        ptrmapPut(p->pBt, ovfl, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW1, pPage->pgno, &rc);
        if( NEVER(rc) ) goto end_insert;
      }
    }
  }else{
    rc = fillInCell(pPage, newCell, pX, &szNew);

    if( rc ) goto end_insert;
  }
  assert( szNew==pPage->xCellSize(pPage, newCell) );
  assert( szNew <= MX_CELL_SIZE(p->pBt) );
  idx = pCur->ix;
  if( loc==0 ){
    CellInfo info;
    assert( idx>=0 );
    if( idx>=pPage->nCell ){
      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    }
    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pPage->pDbPage);
    if( rc ){
      goto end_insert;
    }
    oldCell = findCell(pPage, idx);
    if( !pPage->leaf ){
      memcpy(newCell, oldCell, 4);
    }
    BTREE_CLEAR_CELL(rc, pPage, oldCell, info);
    testcase( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl );
    invalidateOverflowCache(pCur);
    if( info.nSize==szNew && info.nLocal==info.nPayload
     && (!ISAUTOVACUUM(p->pBt) || szNew<pPage->minLocal)
    ){
      /* Overwrite the old cell with the new if they are the same size.
      ** We could also try to do this if the old cell is smaller, then add
      ** the leftover space to the free list.  But experiments show that
      ** doing that is no faster then skipping this optimization and just
      ** calling dropCell() and insertCell().
      **

  }else if( loc<0 && pPage->nCell>0 ){
    assert( pPage->leaf );
    idx = ++pCur->ix;
    pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_ValidNKey;
  }else{
    assert( pPage->leaf );
  }
  rc = insertCell(pPage, idx, newCell, szNew, 0, 0);
  assert( pPage->nOverflow==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || pPage->nCell>0 || pPage->nOverflow>0 );

  /* If no error has occurred and pPage has an overflow cell, call balance()
  ** to redistribute the cells within the tree. Since balance() may move
  ** the cursor, zero the BtCursor.info.nSize and BTCF_ValidNKey
  ** variables.

** for the destination database. The size of the cell, in bytes, is left
** in BtShared.nPreformatSize. The caller completes the insertion by
** calling sqlite3BtreeInsert() with the BTREE_PREFORMAT flag specified.
**
** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeTransferRow(BtCursor *pDest, BtCursor *pSrc, i64 iKey){

  BtShared *pBt = pDest->pBt;
  u8 *aOut = pBt->pTmpSpace;    /* Pointer to next output buffer */
  const u8 *aIn;                /* Pointer to next input buffer */
  u32 nIn;                      /* Size of input buffer aIn[] */
  u32 nRem;                     /* Bytes of data still to copy */

  getCellInfo(pSrc);

  if( aIn+nIn>pSrc->pPage->aDataEnd ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  nRem = pSrc->info.nPayload;
  if( nIn==nRem && nIn<pDest->pPage->maxLocal ){
    memcpy(aOut, aIn, nIn);
    pBt->nPreformatSize = nIn + (aOut - pBt->pTmpSpace);
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }else{
    int rc = SQLITE_OK;
    Pager *pSrcPager = pSrc->pBt->pPager;
    u8 *pPgnoOut = 0;
    Pgno ovflIn = 0;
    DbPage *pPageIn = 0;
    MemPage *pPageOut = 0;
    u32 nOut;                     /* Size of output buffer aOut[] */

      }while( rc==SQLITE_OK && nOut>0 );

      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nRem>0 && ALWAYS(pPgnoOut) ){
        Pgno pgnoNew;
        MemPage *pNew = 0;
        rc = allocateBtreePage(pBt, &pNew, &pgnoNew, 0, 0);
        put4byte(pPgnoOut, pgnoNew);
        if( ISAUTOVACUUM(pBt) && pPageOut ){
          ptrmapPut(pBt, pgnoNew, PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2, pPageOut->pgno, &rc);
        }
        releasePage(pPageOut);
        pPageOut = pNew;
        if( pPageOut ){
          pPgnoOut = pPageOut->aData;
          put4byte(pPgnoOut, 0);
          aOut = &pPgnoOut[4];
          nOut = MIN(pBt->usableSize - 4, nRem);
        }
      }
    }while( nRem>0 && rc==SQLITE_OK );

    releasePage(pPageOut);
    sqlite3PagerUnref(pPageIn);


    return rc;
  }
}

/*
** Delete the entry that the cursor is pointing to.
**
** If the BTREE_SAVEPOSITION bit of the flags parameter is zero, then
** the cursor is left pointing at an arbitrary location after the delete.

    if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    nCell = pLeaf->xCellSize(pLeaf, pCell);
    assert( MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) >= nCell );
    pTmp = pBt->pTmpSpace;
    assert( pTmp!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pLeaf->pDbPage);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = insertCell(pPage, iCellIdx, pCell-4, nCell+4, pTmp, n);
    }
    dropCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1, nCell, &rc);
    if( rc ) return rc;
  }

  /* Balance the tree. If the entry deleted was located on a leaf page,
  ** then the cursor still points to that page. In this case the first

** testing and debugging only.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE Pager *sqlite3BtreePager(Btree *p){
  return p->pBt->pPager;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
/*
** Record an OOM error during integrity_check
*/
static void checkOom(IntegrityCk *pCheck){
  pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  pCheck->mxErr = 0;  /* Causes integrity_check processing to stop */
  if( pCheck->nErr==0 ) pCheck->nErr++;
}

/*
** Invoke the progress handler, if appropriate.  Also check for an
** interrupt.
*/
static void checkProgress(IntegrityCk *pCheck){
  sqlite3 *db = pCheck->db;
  if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ){
    pCheck->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
    pCheck->nErr++;
    pCheck->mxErr = 0;
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  if( db->xProgress ){
    assert( db->nProgressOps>0 );
    pCheck->nStep++;
    if( (pCheck->nStep % db->nProgressOps)==0
     && db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg)
    ){
      pCheck->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
      pCheck->nErr++;
      pCheck->mxErr = 0;
    }
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Append a message to the error message string.
*/
static void checkAppendMsg(
  IntegrityCk *pCheck,
  const char *zFormat,
  ...
){
  va_list ap;
  checkProgress(pCheck);
  if( !pCheck->mxErr ) return;
  pCheck->mxErr--;
  pCheck->nErr++;
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  if( pCheck->errMsg.nChar ){
    sqlite3_str_append(&pCheck->errMsg, "\n", 1);
  }
  if( pCheck->zPfx ){
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&pCheck->errMsg, pCheck->zPfx, pCheck->v1, pCheck->v2);
  }
  sqlite3_str_vappendf(&pCheck->errMsg, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( pCheck->errMsg.accError==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    checkOom(pCheck);
  }
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK

/*

    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "invalid page number %d", iPage);
    return 1;
  }
  if( getPageReferenced(pCheck, iPage) ){
    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "2nd reference to page %d", iPage);
    return 1;
  }

  setPageReferenced(pCheck, iPage);
  return 0;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
/*
** Check that the entry in the pointer-map for page iChild maps to

){
  int rc;
  u8 ePtrmapType;
  Pgno iPtrmapParent;

  rc = ptrmapGet(pCheck->pBt, iChild, &ePtrmapType, &iPtrmapParent);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ) checkOom(pCheck);
    checkAppendMsg(pCheck, "Failed to read ptrmap key=%d", iChild);
    return;
  }

  if( ePtrmapType!=eType || iPtrmapParent!=iParent ){
    checkAppendMsg(pCheck,
      "Bad ptr map entry key=%d expected=(%d,%d) got=(%d,%d)",

**
** This heap is used for cell overlap and coverage testing.  Each u32
** entry represents the span of a cell or freeblock on a btree page.
** The upper 16 bits are the index of the first byte of a range and the
** lower 16 bits are the index of the last byte of that range.
*/
static void btreeHeapInsert(u32 *aHeap, u32 x){
  u32 j, i;
  assert( aHeap!=0 );
  i = ++aHeap[0];
  aHeap[i] = x;
  while( (j = i/2)>0 && aHeap[j]>aHeap[i] ){
    x = aHeap[j];
    aHeap[j] = aHeap[i];
    aHeap[i] = x;
    i = j;
  }

  const char *saved_zPfx = pCheck->zPfx;
  int saved_v1 = pCheck->v1;
  int saved_v2 = pCheck->v2;
  u8 savedIsInit = 0;

  /* Check that the page exists
  */
  checkProgress(pCheck);
  if( pCheck->mxErr==0 ) goto end_of_check;
  pBt = pCheck->pBt;
  usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
  if( iPage==0 ) return 0;
  if( checkRef(pCheck, iPage) ) return 0;
  pCheck->zPfx = "Page %u: ";
  pCheck->v1 = iPage;
  if( (rc = btreeGetPage(pBt, iPage, &pPage, 0))!=0 ){

** happens when performing an integrity check on a single table.  The
** zero is skipped, of course.  But in addition, the freelist checks
** and the checks to make sure every page is referenced are also skipped,
** since obviously it is not possible to know which pages are covered by
** the unverified btrees.  Except, if aRoot[1] is 1, then the freelist
** checks are still performed.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(
  sqlite3 *db,  /* Database connection that is running the check */
  Btree *p,     /* The btree to be checked */
  Pgno *aRoot,  /* An array of root pages numbers for individual trees */
  int nRoot,    /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
  int mxErr,    /* Stop reporting errors after this many */
  int *pnErr,   /* OUT: Write number of errors seen to this variable */
  char **pzOut  /* OUT: Write the error message string here */
){
  Pgno i;
  IntegrityCk sCheck;
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
  u64 savedDbFlags = pBt->db->flags;
  char zErr[100];
  int bPartial = 0;            /* True if not checking all btrees */

    if( aRoot[1]!=1 ) bCkFreelist = 0;
  }

  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
  assert( p->inTrans>TRANS_NONE && pBt->inTransaction>TRANS_NONE );
  VVA_ONLY( nRef = sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager) );
  assert( nRef>=0 );
  memset(&sCheck, 0, sizeof(sCheck));
  sCheck.db = db;
  sCheck.pBt = pBt;
  sCheck.pPager = pBt->pPager;
  sCheck.nPage = btreePagecount(sCheck.pBt);
  sCheck.mxErr = mxErr;







  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&sCheck.errMsg, 0, zErr, sizeof(zErr), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
  sCheck.errMsg.printfFlags = SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;
  if( sCheck.nPage==0 ){
    goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
  }

  sCheck.aPgRef = sqlite3MallocZero((sCheck.nPage / 8)+ 1);
  if( !sCheck.aPgRef ){
    checkOom(&sCheck);
    goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
  }
  sCheck.heap = (u32*)sqlite3PageMalloc( pBt->pageSize );
  if( sCheck.heap==0 ){
    checkOom(&sCheck);
    goto integrity_ck_cleanup;
  }

  i = PENDING_BYTE_PAGE(pBt);
  if( i<=sCheck.nPage ) setPageReferenced(&sCheck, i);

  /* Check the integrity of the freelist

  }

  /* Clean  up and report errors.
  */
integrity_ck_cleanup:
  sqlite3PageFree(sCheck.heap);
  sqlite3_free(sCheck.aPgRef);
  *pnErr = sCheck.nErr;
  if( sCheck.nErr==0 ){
    sqlite3_str_reset(&sCheck.errMsg);
    *pzOut = 0;
  }else{
    *pzOut = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&sCheck.errMsg);
  }


  /* Make sure this analysis did not leave any unref() pages. */
  assert( nRef==sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager) );
  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
  return sCheck.rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK */

/*
** Return the full pathname of the underlying database file.  Return
** an empty string if the database is in-memory or a TEMP database.
**

  return (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)!=0;
}

/*
** Return the size of the header added to each page by this module.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3HeaderSizeBtree(void){ return ROUND8(sizeof(MemPage)); }

/*
** If no transaction is active and the database is not a temp-db, clear
** the in-memory pager cache.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeClearCache(Btree *p){
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
  if( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_NONE ){
    sqlite3PagerClearCache(pBt->pPager);
  }
}

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE)
/*
** Return true if the Btree passed as the only argument is sharable.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSharable(Btree *p){
  return p->sharable;

  if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
#if GCC_VERSION>=7000000
    /* Work-around for GCC bug
    ** https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=96270 */
    i64 x;
    assert( (p->flags&MEM_Int)*2==sizeof(x) );
    memcpy(&x, (char*)&p->u, (p->flags&MEM_Int)*2);
    p->n = sqlite3Int64ToText(x, zBuf);
#else
    p->n = sqlite3Int64ToText(p->u.i, zBuf);
#endif
  }else{
    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sz, 0);
    sqlite3_str_appendf(&acc, "%!.15g",
         (p->flags & MEM_IntReal)!=0 ? (double)p->u.i : p->u.r);
    assert( acc.zText==zBuf && acc.mxAlloc<=0 );
    zBuf[acc.nChar] = 0; /* Fast version of sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc) */
    p->n = acc.nChar;
  }
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Validity checks on pMem.  pMem holds a string.
**

** representation and a string representation then the string rep has
** been derived from the numeric and not the other way around.  It returns
** true if everything is ok and false if there is a problem.
**
** This routine is for use inside of assert() statements only.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemValidStrRep(Mem *p){
  Mem tmp;
  char zBuf[100];
  char *z;
  int i, j, incr;
  if( (p->flags & MEM_Str)==0 ) return 1;
  if( p->flags & MEM_Term ){
    /* Insure that the string is properly zero-terminated.  Pay particular
    ** attention to the case where p->n is odd */
    if( p->szMalloc>0 && p->z==p->zMalloc ){
      assert( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || p->szMalloc >= ((p->n+1)&~1)+2 );
      assert( p->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 || p->szMalloc >= p->n+1 );
    }
    assert( p->z[p->n]==0 );
    assert( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || p->z[(p->n+1)&~1]==0 );
    assert( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || p->z[((p->n+1)&~1)+1]==0 );
  }
  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 ) return 1;
  memcpy(&tmp, p, sizeof(tmp));
  vdbeMemRenderNum(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, &tmp);
  z = p->z;
  i = j = 0;
  incr = 1;
  if( p->enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    incr = 2;
    if( p->enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE ) z++;
  }

  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nByte) ){
    pMem->enc = 0;
    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }

  vdbeMemRenderNum(nByte, pMem->z, pMem);
  assert( pMem->z!=0 );
  assert( pMem->n==sqlite3Strlen30NN(pMem->z) );
  pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
  pMem->flags |= MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
  if( bForce ) pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, enc);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

  testcase( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal );
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal) ) return pMem->u.i!=0;
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return ifNull;
  return sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem)!=0.0;
}

/*
** The MEM structure is already a MEM_Real or MEM_IntReal. Try to
** make it a MEM_Int if we can.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem *pMem){

  assert( pMem!=0 );
  assert( pMem->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal) );
  assert( !sqlite3VdbeMemIsRowSet(pMem) );
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );

  if( pMem->flags & MEM_IntReal ){
    MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
  }else{
    i64 ix = doubleToInt64(pMem->u.r);

    /* Only mark the value as an integer if
    **
    **    (1) the round-trip conversion real->int->real is a no-op, and
    **    (2) The integer is neither the largest nor the smallest
    **        possible integer (ticket #3922)
    **
    ** The second and third terms in the following conditional enforces
    ** the second condition under the assumption that addition overflow causes
    ** values to wrap around.
    */
    if( pMem->u.r==ix && ix>SMALLEST_INT64 && ix<LARGEST_INT64 ){
      pMem->u.i = ix;
      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Convert pMem to type integer.  Invalidate any prior representations.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem *pMem){

  pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
  if( pVal==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    goto value_from_function_out;
  }



  memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
  ctx.pOut = pVal;
  ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
  ctx.enc = ENC(db);
  pFunc->xSFunc(&ctx, nVal, apVal);
  if( ctx.isError ){
    rc = ctx.isError;
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pCtx->pParse, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pVal));
  }else{
    sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, aff, SQLITE_UTF8);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
    assert( enc==pVal->enc
         || (pVal->flags & MEM_Str)==0
         || db->mallocFailed  );
#if 0  /* Not reachable except after a prior failure */
    rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pVal) ){
      rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;
      pCtx->pParse->nErr++;
    }
#endif
  }


 value_from_function_out:
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    pVal = 0;
    pCtx->pParse->rc = rc;
  }
  if( apVal ){
    for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
      sqlite3ValueFree(apVal[i]);
    }
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, apVal);
  }

**   test_trace_breakpoint(pc,pOp)
**   sqlite3CorruptError(lineno)
**   sqlite3MisuseError(lineno)
**   sqlite3CantopenError(lineno)
*/
static void test_addop_breakpoint(int pc, Op *pOp){
  static int n = 0;
  (void)pc;
  (void)pOp;
  n++;
}
#endif

/*
** Add a new instruction to the list of instructions current in the
** VDBE.  Return the address of the new instruction.

  pOp->p1 = p1;
  pOp->p2 = p2;
  pOp->p3 = p3;
  pOp->p4.p = 0;
  pOp->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
  pOp->zComment = 0;
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
  pOp->nExec = 0;
  pOp->nCycle = 0;
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace ){
    sqlite3VdbePrintOp(0, i, &p->aOp[i]);
    test_addop_breakpoint(i, &p->aOp[i]);
  }
#endif




#ifdef SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
  pOp->iSrcLine = 0;
#endif
  return i;
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(Vdbe *p, int op){
  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(p, op, 0, 0, 0);

/*
** Add a new OP_Explain opcode.
**
** If the bPush flag is true, then make this opcode the parent for
** subsequent Explains until sqlite3VdbeExplainPop() is called.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExplain(Parse *pParse, u8 bPush, const char *zFmt, ...){
  int addr = 0;
#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
  /* Always include the OP_Explain opcodes if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
  ** But omit them (for performance) during production builds */
  if( pParse->explain==2 )
#endif
  {
    char *zMsg;
    Vdbe *v;
    va_list ap;
    int iThis;
    va_start(ap, zFmt);
    zMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf(pParse->db, zFmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    v = pParse->pVdbe;
    iThis = v->nOp;
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, iThis, pParse->addrExplain, 0,
                      zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
    sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(bPush?"PUSH":"", sqlite3VdbeGetLastOp(v)->p4.z);
    if( bPush){
      pParse->addrExplain = iThis;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(v, iThis, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  return addr;
}

/*
** Pop the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN stack one level.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeExplainPop(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint("POP", 0);

  if( p->aLabel==0 ){
    p->nLabelAlloc = 0;
  }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    int i;
    for(i=p->nLabelAlloc; i<nNewSize; i++) p->aLabel[i] = -1;
#endif
    if( nNewSize>=100 && (nNewSize/100)>(p->nLabelAlloc/100) ){
      sqlite3ProgressCheck(p);
    }
    p->nLabelAlloc = nNewSize;
    p->aLabel[j] = v->nOp;
  }
}
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe *v, int x){
  Parse *p = v->pParse;
  int j = ADDR(x);

  const char *zName               /* Name of table or index being scanned */
){
  sqlite3_int64 nByte = (p->nScan+1) * sizeof(ScanStatus);
  ScanStatus *aNew;
  aNew = (ScanStatus*)sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, p->aScan, nByte);
  if( aNew ){
    ScanStatus *pNew = &aNew[p->nScan++];
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(ScanStatus));
    pNew->addrExplain = addrExplain;
    pNew->addrLoop = addrLoop;
    pNew->addrVisit = addrVisit;
    pNew->nEst = nEst;
    pNew->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(p->db, zName);
    p->aScan = aNew;
  }
}

/*
** Add the range of instructions from addrStart to addrEnd (inclusive) to
** the set of those corresponding to the sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() counters
** associated with the OP_Explain instruction at addrExplain. The
** sum of the sqlite3Hwtime() values for each of these instructions
** will be returned for SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE requests.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(
  Vdbe *p,
  int addrExplain,
  int addrStart,
  int addrEnd
){
  ScanStatus *pScan = 0;
  int ii;
  for(ii=p->nScan-1; ii>=0; ii--){
    pScan = &p->aScan[ii];
    if( pScan->addrExplain==addrExplain ) break;
    pScan = 0;
  }
  if( pScan ){
    if( addrEnd<0 ) addrEnd = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(p)-1;
    for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(pScan->aAddrRange); ii+=2){
      if( pScan->aAddrRange[ii]==0 ){
        pScan->aAddrRange[ii] = addrStart;
        pScan->aAddrRange[ii+1] = addrEnd;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Set the addresses for the SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP and SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NROW
** counters for the query element associated with the OP_Explain at
** addrExplain.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeScanStatusCounters(
  Vdbe *p,
  int addrExplain,
  int addrLoop,
  int addrVisit
){
  ScanStatus *pScan = 0;
  int ii;
  for(ii=p->nScan-1; ii>=0; ii--){
    pScan = &p->aScan[ii];
    if( pScan->addrExplain==addrExplain ) break;
    pScan = 0;
  }
  if( pScan ){
    pScan->addrLoop = addrLoop;
    pScan->addrVisit = addrVisit;
  }
}
#endif


/*
** Change the value of the opcode, or P1, P2, P3, or P5 operands
** for a specific instruction.
*/

SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(Vdbe *p, void *pP4, int n){
  VdbeOp *pOp;
  assert( n!=P4_INT32 && n!=P4_VTAB );
  assert( n<=0 );
  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
    freeP4(p->db, n, pP4);
  }else{
    assert( pP4!=0 || n==P4_DYNAMIC );
    assert( p->nOp>0 );
    pOp = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1];
    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_NOTUSED );
    pOp->p4type = n;
    pOp->p4.p = pP4;
  }
}

  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY || p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );

  /* Even though this opcode does not use dynamic strings for
  ** the result, result columns may become dynamic if the user calls
  ** sqlite3_column_text16(), causing a translation to UTF-16 encoding.
  */
  releaseMemArray(pMem, 8);


  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    sqlite3OomFault(db);
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

        }
#else
        sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem+7);
#endif
        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem+5, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
        p->nResColumn = 8;
      }
      p->pResultRow = pMem;
      if( db->mallocFailed ){
        p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      }else{
        p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
        rc = SQLITE_ROW;
      }

}

/*
** Rewind the VDBE back to the beginning in preparation for
** running it.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeRewind(Vdbe *p){
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  int i;
#endif
  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->eVdbeState==VDBE_INIT_STATE
       || p->eVdbeState==VDBE_READY_STATE
       || p->eVdbeState==VDBE_HALT_STATE );

  p->nChange = 0;
  p->cacheCtr = 1;
  p->minWriteFileFormat = 255;
  p->iStatement = 0;
  p->nFkConstraint = 0;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
    p->aOp[i].nExec = 0;
    p->aOp[i].nCycle = 0;
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Prepare a virtual machine for execution for the first time after
** creating the virtual machine.  This involves things such

  ** reduce the amount of memory held by a prepared statement.
  */
  x.nNeeded = 0;
  p->aMem = allocSpace(&x, 0, nMem*sizeof(Mem));
  p->aVar = allocSpace(&x, 0, nVar*sizeof(Mem));
  p->apArg = allocSpace(&x, 0, nArg*sizeof(Mem*));
  p->apCsr = allocSpace(&x, 0, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*));



  if( x.nNeeded ){
    x.pSpace = p->pFree = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, x.nNeeded);
    x.nFree = x.nNeeded;
    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      p->aMem = allocSpace(&x, p->aMem, nMem*sizeof(Mem));
      p->aVar = allocSpace(&x, p->aVar, nVar*sizeof(Mem));
      p->apArg = allocSpace(&x, p->apArg, nArg*sizeof(Mem*));
      p->apCsr = allocSpace(&x, p->apCsr, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*));



    }
  }

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    p->nVar = 0;
    p->nCursor = 0;
    p->nMem = 0;
  }else{
    p->nCursor = nCursor;
    p->nVar = (ynVar)nVar;
    initMemArray(p->aVar, nVar, db, MEM_Null);
    p->nMem = nMem;
    initMemArray(p->aMem, nMem, db, MEM_Undefined);
    memset(p->apCsr, 0, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*));



  }
  sqlite3VdbeRewind(p);
}

/*
** Close a VDBE cursor and release all the resources that cursor
** happens to hold.

** Copy the values stored in the VdbeFrame structure to its Vdbe. This
** is used, for example, when a trigger sub-program is halted to restore
** control to the main program.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *pFrame){
  Vdbe *v = pFrame->v;
  closeCursorsInFrame(v);



  v->aOp = pFrame->aOp;
  v->nOp = pFrame->nOp;
  v->aMem = pFrame->aMem;
  v->nMem = pFrame->nMem;
  v->apCsr = pFrame->apCsr;
  v->nCursor = pFrame->nCursor;
  v->db->lastRowid = pFrame->lastRowid;

    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Undefined );
  }
#endif
  if( p->zErrMsg ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
    p->zErrMsg = 0;
  }
  p->pResultRow = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  p->nWrite = 0;
#endif

  /* Save profiling information from this VDBE run.
  */
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE

          putc(c, out);
          pc = c;
        }
        if( pc!='\n' ) fprintf(out, "\n");
      }
      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
        char zHdr[100];
        i64 cnt = p->aOp[i].nExec;
        i64 cycles = p->aOp[i].nCycle;
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zHdr), zHdr, "%6u %12llu %8llu ",
           cnt,
           cycles,
           cnt>0 ? cycles/cnt : 0
        );
        fprintf(out, "%s", zHdr);
        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(out, i, &p->aOp[i]);
      }
      fclose(out);
    }
  }

*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains code use to implement APIs that are part of the
** VDBE.
*/
/* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
/* #include "vdbeInt.h" */
/* #include "opcodes.h" */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
/*
** Return TRUE (non-zero) of the statement supplied as an argument needs
** to be recompiled.  A statement needs to be recompiled whenever the
** execution environment changes in a way that would alter the program
** that sqlite3_prepare() generates.  For example, if new functions or

  const char *z,
  sqlite3_uint64 n,
  void (*xDel)(void *),
  unsigned char enc
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ) enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
    n &= ~(u64)1;
  }
  if( n>0x7fffffff ){
    (void)invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, pCtx);
  }else{
    setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, (int)n, enc, xDel);
  }
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const void *z,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n & ~(u64)1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE, xDel);
}
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const void *z,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n & ~(u64)1, SQLITE_UTF16BE, xDel);
}
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const void *z,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n & ~(u64)1, SQLITE_UTF16LE, xDel);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context *pCtx, sqlite3_value *pValue){
  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pOut, pValue);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, pCtx->enc);

    db->errCode = SQLITE_ROW;
    return SQLITE_ROW;
  }else{
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
    /* If the statement completed successfully, invoke the profile callback */
    checkProfileCallback(db, p);
#endif
    p->pResultRow = 0;
    if( rc==SQLITE_DONE && db->autoCommit ){
      assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
      p->rc = doWalCallbacks(db);
      if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
    }else if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE && (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 ){

** performance by substituting a NULL result, or some other light-weight
** value, as a signal to the xUpdate routine that the column is unchanged.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context *p){
  assert( p );
  return sqlite3_value_nochange(p->pOut);
}

/*
** The destructor function for a ValueList object.  This needs to be
** a separate function, unknowable to the application, to ensure that
** calls to sqlite3_vtab_in_first()/sqlite3_vtab_in_next() that are not
** preceeded by activation of IN processing via sqlite3_vtab_int() do not
** try to access a fake ValueList object inserted by a hostile extension.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeValueListFree(void *pToDelete){
  sqlite3_free(pToDelete);
}

/*
** Implementation of sqlite3_vtab_in_first() (if bNext==0) and
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next() (if bNext!=0).
*/
static int valueFromValueList(
  sqlite3_value *pVal,        /* Pointer to the ValueList object */
  sqlite3_value **ppOut,      /* Store the next value from the list here */
  int bNext                   /* 1 for _next(). 0 for _first() */
){
  int rc;
  ValueList *pRhs;

  *ppOut = 0;
  if( pVal==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  if( (pVal->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || pVal->xDel!=sqlite3VdbeValueListFree ){
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else{
    assert( (pVal->flags&(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype)) ==
                 (MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype) );
    assert( pVal->eSubtype=='p' );
    assert( pVal->u.zPType!=0 && strcmp(pVal->u.zPType,"ValueList")==0 );
    pRhs = (ValueList*)pVal->z;

  }
  if( bNext ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pRhs->pCsr, 0);
  }else{
    int dummy = 0;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pRhs->pCsr, &dummy);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || sqlite3BtreeEof(pRhs->pCsr) );
    if( sqlite3BtreeEof(pRhs->pCsr) ) rc = SQLITE_DONE;

/*
** Return the number of values available from the current row of the
** currently executing statement pStmt.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
  Vdbe *pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  if( pVm==0 || pVm->pResultRow==0 ) return 0;
  return pVm->nResColumn;
}

/*
** Return a pointer to static memory containing an SQL NULL value.
*/
static const Mem *columnNullValue(void){

  Vdbe *pVm;
  Mem *pOut;

  pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  if( pVm==0 ) return (Mem*)columnNullValue();
  assert( pVm->db );
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pVm->db->mutex);
  if( pVm->pResultRow!=0 && i<pVm->nResColumn && i>=0 ){
    pOut = &pVm->pResultRow[i];
  }else{
    sqlite3Error(pVm->db, SQLITE_RANGE);
    pOut = (Mem*)columnNullValue();
  }
  return pOut;
}

  int i,
  const char *zData,
  sqlite3_uint64 nData,
  void (*xDel)(void*),
  unsigned char enc
){
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ) enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
    nData &= ~(u16)1;
  }
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, enc);
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text16(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
  int i,
  const void *zData,
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void*)
){
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, n & ~(u64)1, xDel, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, const sqlite3_value *pValue){
  int rc;
  switch( sqlite3_value_type((sqlite3_value*)pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
      rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, i, pValue->u.i);

}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
/*
** Return status data for a single loop within query pStmt.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,            /* Prepared statement being queried */
  int iScan,                      /* Index of loop to report on */
  int iScanStatusOp,              /* Which metric to return */
  int flags,
  void *pOut                      /* OUT: Write the answer here */
){
  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
  ScanStatus *pScan;
  int idx;

  if( iScan<0 ){
    int ii;
    if( iScanStatusOp==SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE ){
      i64 res = 0;
      for(ii=0; ii<p->nOp; ii++){
        res += p->aOp[ii].nCycle;
      }
      *(i64*)pOut = res;
      return 0;
    }
    return 1;
  }
  if( flags & SQLITE_SCANSTAT_COMPLEX ){
    idx = iScan;
    pScan = &p->aScan[idx];
  }else{
    /* If the COMPLEX flag is clear, then this function must ignore any
    ** ScanStatus structures with ScanStatus.addrLoop set to 0. */
    for(idx=0; idx<p->nScan; idx++){
      pScan = &p->aScan[idx];
      if( pScan->zName ){
        iScan--;
        if( iScan<0 ) break;
      }
    }
  }
  if( idx>=p->nScan ) return 1;

  switch( iScanStatusOp ){
    case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NLOOP: {
      if( pScan->addrLoop>0 ){
        *(sqlite3_int64*)pOut = p->aOp[pScan->addrLoop].nExec;
      }else{
        *(sqlite3_int64*)pOut = -1;
      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NVISIT: {
      if( pScan->addrVisit>0 ){
        *(sqlite3_int64*)pOut = p->aOp[pScan->addrVisit].nExec;
      }else{
        *(sqlite3_int64*)pOut = -1;
      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_EST: {
      double r = 1.0;
      LogEst x = pScan->nEst;
      while( x<100 ){
        x += 10;

    case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_SELECTID: {
      if( pScan->addrExplain ){
        *(int*)pOut = p->aOp[ pScan->addrExplain ].p1;
      }else{
        *(int*)pOut = -1;
      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_PARENTID: {
      if( pScan->addrExplain ){
        *(int*)pOut = p->aOp[ pScan->addrExplain ].p2;
      }else{
        *(int*)pOut = -1;
      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_SCANSTAT_NCYCLE: {
      i64 res = 0;
      if( pScan->aAddrRange[0]==0 ){
        res = -1;
      }else{
        int ii;
        for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(pScan->aAddrRange); ii+=2){
          int iIns = pScan->aAddrRange[ii];
          int iEnd = pScan->aAddrRange[ii+1];
          if( iIns==0 ) break;
          if( iIns>0 ){
            while( iIns<=iEnd ){
              res += p->aOp[iIns].nCycle;
              iIns++;
            }
          }else{
            int iOp;
            for(iOp=0; iOp<p->nOp; iOp++){
              Op *pOp = &p->aOp[iOp];
              if( pOp->p1!=iEnd ) continue;
              if( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_NCYCLE)==0 ){
                continue;
              }
              res += p->aOp[iOp].nCycle;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      *(i64*)pOut = res;
      break;
    }
    default: {
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Return status data for a single loop within query pStmt.
*/
SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,            /* Prepared statement being queried */
  int iScan,                      /* Index of loop to report on */
  int iScanStatusOp,              /* Which metric to return */
  void *pOut                      /* OUT: Write the answer here */
){
  return sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_v2(pStmt, iScan, iScanStatusOp, 0, pOut);
}

/*
** Zero all counters associated with the sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() data.
*/
SQLITE_API void sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
  int ii;
  for(ii=0; ii<p->nOp; ii++){
    Op *pOp = &p->aOp[ii];
    pOp->nExec = 0;
    pOp->nCycle = 0;
  }
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS */

/************** End of vdbeapi.c *********************************************/
/************** Begin file vdbetrace.c ***************************************/
/*
** 2009 November 25

**   test_addop_breakpoint(pc,pOp)
**   sqlite3CorruptError(lineno)
**   sqlite3MisuseError(lineno)
**   sqlite3CantopenError(lineno)
*/
static void test_trace_breakpoint(int pc, Op *pOp, Vdbe *v){
  static int n = 0;
  (void)pc;
  (void)pOp;
  (void)v;
  n++;
}
#endif

/*
** Invoke the VDBE coverage callback, if that callback is defined.  This
** feature is used for test suite validation only and does not appear an

** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC:
**    Try to convert pRec to an integer representation or a
**    floating-point representation if an integer representation
**    is not possible.  Note that the integer representation is
**    always preferred, even if the affinity is REAL, because
**    an integer representation is more space efficient on disk.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_FLEXNUM:
**    If the value is text, then try to convert it into a number of
**    some kind (integer or real) but do not make any other changes.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
**    Convert pRec to a text representation.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB:
** SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
**    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
*/
static void applyAffinity(
  Mem *pRec,          /* The value to apply affinity to */
  char affinity,      /* The affinity to be applied */
  u8 enc              /* Use this text encoding */
){
  if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
    assert( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
             || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_FLEXNUM );
    if( (pRec->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
      if( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==0 ){
        if( pRec->flags & MEM_Str ) applyNumericAffinity(pRec,1);
      }else if( affinity<=SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
        sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
      }
    }
  }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
    /* Only attempt the conversion to TEXT if there is an integer or real
    ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
    ** representation.  It would be harmless to repeat the conversion if

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace)registerTrace(R,M)
#else
#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M)
#endif












#ifndef NDEBUG
/*
** This function is only called from within an assert() expression. It
** checks that the sqlite3.nTransaction variable is correctly set to
** the number of non-transaction savepoints currently in the
** linked list starting at sqlite3.pSavepoint.
**

** This is the core of sqlite3_step().
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeExec(
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  Op *aOp = p->aOp;          /* Copy of p->aOp */
  Op *pOp = aOp;             /* Current operation */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  Op *pOrigOp;               /* Value of pOp at the top of the loop */


  int nExtraDelete = 0;      /* Verifies FORDELETE and AUXDELETE flags */
  u8 iCompareIsInit = 0;     /* iCompare is initialized */
#endif
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 resetSchemaOnFault = 0; /* Reset schema after an error if positive */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
  int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last comparison */
  u64 nVmStep = 0;           /* Number of virtual machine steps */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  u64 nProgressLimit;        /* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
#endif
  Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
  Mem *pOut = 0;             /* Output operand */
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
  u64 *pnCycle = 0;
#endif
  /*** INSERT STACK UNION HERE ***/

  assert( p->eVdbeState==VDBE_RUN_STATE );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
  if( DbMaskNonZero(p->lockMask) ){
    sqlite3VdbeEnter(p);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  if( db->xProgress ){
    u32 iPrior = p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP];
    assert( 0 < db->nProgressOps );
    nProgressLimit = db->nProgressOps - (iPrior % db->nProgressOps);
  }else{
    nProgressLimit = LARGEST_UINT64;
  }
#endif
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    goto no_mem;
  }
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY );
  testcase( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  assert( p->bIsReader || p->readOnly!=0 );
  p->iCurrentTime = 0;
  assert( p->explain==0 );

  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  if( AtomicLoad(&db->u1.isInterrupted) ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
  if( p->pc==0
   && (p->db->flags & (SQLITE_VdbeListing|SQLITE_VdbeEQP|SQLITE_VdbeTrace))!=0

#endif
  for(pOp=&aOp[p->pc]; 1; pOp++){
    /* Errors are detected by individual opcodes, with an immediate
    ** jumps to abort_due_to_error. */
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );

    assert( pOp>=aOp && pOp<&aOp[p->nOp]);
    nVmStep++;
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
    pOp->nExec++;
    pnCycle = &pOp->nCycle;
# ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    if( sqlite3NProfileCnt==0 )
# endif
      *pnCycle -= sqlite3Hwtime();


#endif

    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, (int)(pOp - aOp), pOp);

      if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p3>0 );
        assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
        memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
      }
    }
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    pOrigOp = pOp;
#endif

    switch( pOp->opcode ){

/*****************************************************************************
** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a

case OP_Halt: {
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
  int pcx;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pOp->p2==OE_Abort ){ sqlite3VdbeAssertAbortable(p); }
#endif

  /* A deliberately coded "OP_Halt SQLITE_INTERNAL * * * *" opcode indicates
  ** something is wrong with the code generator.  Raise and assertion in order
  ** to bring this to the attention of fuzzers and other testing tools. */
  assert( pOp->p1!=SQLITE_INTERNAL );

  if( p->pFrame && pOp->p1==SQLITE_OK ){
    /* Halt the sub-program. Return control to the parent frame. */
    pFrame = p->pFrame;
    p->pFrame = pFrame->pParent;
    p->nFrame--;
    sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
    pcx = sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);

*/
case OP_ResultRow: {
  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
  assert( pOp->p1>0 || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1 );

  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;
  p->pResultRow = &aMem[pOp->p1];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  {
    Mem *pMem = p->pResultRow;
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++){
      assert( memIsValid(&pMem[i]) );
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
      /* The registers in the result will not be used again when the
      ** prepared statement restarts.  This is because sqlite3_column()
      ** APIs might have caused type conversions of made other changes to

  u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  flags1 = pIn1->flags;
  flags3 = pIn3->flags;
  if( (flags1 & flags3 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){

    /* Common case of comparison of two integers */
    if( pIn3->u.i > pIn1->u.i ){
      if( sqlite3aGTb[pOp->opcode] ){
        VdbeBranchTaken(1, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
        goto jump_to_p2;
      }
      iCompare = +1;
      VVA_ONLY( iCompareIsInit = 1; )
    }else if( pIn3->u.i < pIn1->u.i ){
      if( sqlite3aLTb[pOp->opcode] ){
        VdbeBranchTaken(1, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
        goto jump_to_p2;
      }
      iCompare = -1;
      VVA_ONLY( iCompareIsInit = 1; )
    }else{
      if( sqlite3aEQb[pOp->opcode] ){
        VdbeBranchTaken(1, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
        goto jump_to_p2;
      }
      iCompare = 0;
      VVA_ONLY( iCompareIsInit = 1; )
    }
    VdbeBranchTaken(0, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
    break;
  }
  if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Null ){
    /* One or both operands are NULL */
    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){

      ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
      */
      VdbeBranchTaken(2,3);
      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
        goto jump_to_p2;
      }
      iCompare = 1;    /* Operands are not equal */
      VVA_ONLY( iCompareIsInit = 1; )
      break;
    }
  }else{
    /* Neither operand is NULL and we couldn't do the special high-speed
    ** integer comparison case.  So do a general-case comparison. */
    affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
    if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      if( (flags1 | flags3)&MEM_Str ){
        if( (flags1 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
          applyNumericAffinity(pIn1,0);
          assert( flags3==pIn3->flags || CORRUPT_DB );
          flags3 = pIn3->flags;
        }
        if( (flags3 & (MEM_Int|MEM_IntReal|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
          applyNumericAffinity(pIn3,0);
        }
      }
    }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT && ((flags1 | flags3) & MEM_Str)!=0 ){
      if( (flags1 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags1&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1, encoding, 1);
        testcase( (flags1&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn1->flags&MEM_Dyn) );
        flags1 = (pIn1->flags & ~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags1 & MEM_TypeMask);
        if( NEVER(pIn1==pIn3) ) flags3 = flags1 | MEM_Str;
      }
      if( (flags3 & MEM_Str)==0 && (flags3&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_IntReal );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn3, encoding, 1);
        testcase( (flags3&MEM_Dyn) != (pIn3->flags&MEM_Dyn) );

    res2 = sqlite3aLTb[pOp->opcode];
  }else if( res==0 ){
    res2 = sqlite3aEQb[pOp->opcode];
  }else{
    res2 = sqlite3aGTb[pOp->opcode];
  }
  iCompare = res;
  VVA_ONLY( iCompareIsInit = 1; )

  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
  assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags3 & MEM_Dyn) );
  pIn3->flags = flags3;
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags1 & MEM_Dyn) );
  pIn1->flags = flags1;

  int iAddr;
  for(iAddr = (int)(pOp - aOp) - 1; ALWAYS(iAddr>=0); iAddr--){
    if( aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_ReleaseReg ) continue;
    assert( aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_Lt || aOp[iAddr].opcode==OP_Gt );
    break;
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
  assert( iCompareIsInit );
  VdbeBranchTaken(iCompare==0, 2);
  if( iCompare==0 ) goto jump_to_p2;
  break;
}


/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *

    assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p2+idx]) );
    REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &aMem[p1+idx]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &aMem[p2+idx]);
    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nKeyField );
    pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
    bRev = (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC);
    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[p1+idx], &aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
    VVA_ONLY( iCompareIsInit = 1; )
    if( iCompare ){
      if( (pKeyInfo->aSortFlags[i] & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL)
       && ((aMem[p1+idx].flags & MEM_Null) || (aMem[p2+idx].flags & MEM_Null))
      ){
        iCompare = -iCompare;
      }
      if( bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;

** in the most recent OP_Compare instruction the P1 vector was less than
** equal to, or greater than the P2 vector, respectively.
**
** This opcode must immediately follow an OP_Compare opcode.
*/
case OP_Jump: {             /* jump */
  assert( pOp>aOp && pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Compare );
  assert( iCompareIsInit );
  if( iCompare<0 ){
    VdbeBranchTaken(0,4); pOp = &aOp[pOp->p1 - 1];
  }else if( iCompare==0 ){
    VdbeBranchTaken(1,4); pOp = &aOp[pOp->p2 - 1];
  }else{
    VdbeBranchTaken(2,4); pOp = &aOp[pOp->p3 - 1];
  }

** If the OPFLAG_LENGTHARG bit is set in P5 then the result is guaranteed
** to only be used by the length() function or the equivalent.  The content
** of large blobs is not loaded, thus saving CPU cycles.  If the
** OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG bit is set then the result will only be used by the
** typeof() function or the IS NULL or IS NOT NULL operators or the
** equivalent.  In this case, all content loading can be omitted.
*/
case OP_Column: {            /* ncycle */
  u32 p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
  BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The B-Tree cursor corresponding to pC */
  u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
  int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */
  int i;             /* Loop counter */
  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */

        }
        case COLTYPE_TEXT: {
          if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Str)==0 ) goto vdbe_type_error;
          break;
        }
        case COLTYPE_REAL: {
          testcase( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_IntReal))==MEM_Real );
          assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_IntReal)==0 );
          if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
            /* When applying REAL affinity, if the result is still an MEM_Int
            ** that will fit in 6 bytes, then change the type to MEM_IntReal
            ** so that we keep the high-resolution integer value but know that
            ** the type really wants to be REAL. */
            testcase( pIn1->u.i==140737488355328LL );
            testcase( pIn1->u.i==140737488355327LL );

** </ul>
**
** This instruction works like OpenRead except that it opens the cursor
** in read/write mode.
**
** See also: OP_OpenRead, OP_ReopenIdx
*/
case OP_ReopenIdx: {         /* ncycle */
  int nField;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  u32 p2;
  int iDb;
  int wrFlag;
  Btree *pX;
  VdbeCursor *pCur;
  Db *pDb;

  assert( pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p5==OPFLAG_SEEKEQ );
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pCur && pCur->pgnoRoot==(u32)pOp->p2 ){
    assert( pCur->iDb==pOp->p3 );      /* Guaranteed by the code generator */
    assert( pCur->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur->uc.pCursor);
    goto open_cursor_set_hints;
  }
  /* If the cursor is not currently open or is open on a different
  ** index, then fall through into OP_OpenRead to force a reopen */
case OP_OpenRead:            /* ncycle */
case OP_OpenWrite:

  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite || pOp->p5==0 || pOp->p5==OPFLAG_SEEKEQ );
  assert( p->bIsReader );
  assert( pOp->opcode==OP_OpenRead || pOp->opcode==OP_ReopenIdx
          || p->readOnly==0 );

**
** Open a new cursor P1 that points to the same ephemeral table as
** cursor P2.  The P2 cursor must have been opened by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral
** opcode.  Only ephemeral cursors may be duplicated.
**
** Duplicate ephemeral cursors are used for self-joins of materialized views.
*/
case OP_OpenDup: {           /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pOrig;    /* The original cursor to be duplicated */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;      /* The new cursor */

  pOrig = p->apCsr[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOrig );
  assert( pOrig->isEphemeral );  /* Only ephemeral cursors can be duplicated */

** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
**
** This opcode works the same as OP_OpenEphemeral.  It has a
** different name to distinguish its use.  Tables created using
** by this opcode will be used for automatically created transient
** indices in joins.
*/
case OP_OpenAutoindex:       /* ncycle */
case OP_OpenEphemeral: {     /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;

  static const int vfsFlags =
      SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE |

}

/* Opcode: Close P1 * * * *
**
** Close a cursor previously opened as P1.  If P1 is not
** currently open, this instruction is a no-op.
*/
case OP_Close: {             /* ncycle */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[pOp->p1]);
  p->apCsr[pOp->p1] = 0;
  break;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK

** The IdxGE opcode will be skipped if this opcode succeeds, but the
** IdxGE opcode will be used on subsequent loop iterations.  The
** OPFLAG_SEEKEQ flags is a hint to the btree layer to say that this
** is an equality search.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, SeekGt, SeekGe, SeekLt
*/
case OP_SeekLT:         /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
case OP_SeekLE:         /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
case OP_SeekGE:         /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
case OP_SeekGT: {       /* jump, in3, group, ncycle */
  int res;           /* Comparison result */
  int oc;            /* Opcode */
  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The cursor to seek */
  UnpackedRecord r;  /* The key to seek for */
  int nField;        /* Number of columns or fields in the key */
  i64 iKey;          /* The rowid we are to seek to */
  int eqOnly;        /* Only interested in == results */

**      btree) then jump to SeekGE.P2, ending the loop.
**
** <li> If the cursor ends up on a valid row that is past the target row
**      (indicating that the target row does not exist in the btree) then
**      jump to SeekOP.P2 if This.P5==0 or to This.P2 if This.P5>0.
** </ol>
*/
case OP_SeekScan: {          /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  int nStep;
  UnpackedRecord r;

  assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_SeekGE );

** there is known to be at least one match.  If the seekHit value is smaller
** than the total number of equality terms in an index lookup, then the
** OP_IfNoHope opcode might run to see if the IN loop can be abandoned
** early, thus saving work.  This is part of the IN-early-out optimization.
**
** P1 must be a valid b-tree cursor.
*/
case OP_SeekHit: {           /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pOp->p3>=pOp->p2 );
  if( pC->seekHit<pOp->p2 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

**
** This operation leaves the cursor in a state where it cannot be
** advanced in either direction.  In other words, the Next and Prev
** opcodes do not work after this operation.
**
** See also: NotFound, Found, NotExists
*/
case OP_IfNoHope: {     /* jump, in3, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
    printf("seekHit is %d\n", pC->seekHit);
  }
#endif
  if( pC->seekHit>=pOp->p4.i ) break;
  /* Fall through into OP_NotFound */
  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
}
case OP_NoConflict:     /* jump, in3, ncycle */
case OP_NotFound:       /* jump, in3, ncycle */
case OP_Found: {        /* jump, in3, ncycle */
  int alreadyExists;
  int ii;
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  UnpackedRecord *pIdxKey;
  UnpackedRecord r;

#ifdef SQLITE_TEST

**
** This opcode leaves the cursor in a state where it cannot be advanced
** in either direction.  In other words, the Next and Prev opcodes will
** not work following this opcode.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, NoConflict, SeekRowid
*/
case OP_SeekRowid: {        /* jump, in3, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
  u64 iKey;

  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );

    applyAffinity(&x, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
    if( (x.flags & MEM_Int)==0 ) goto jump_to_p2;
    iKey = x.u.i;
    goto notExistsWithKey;
  }
  /* Fall through into OP_NotExists */
  /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
case OP_NotExists:          /* jump, in3, ncycle */
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 || pOp->opcode==OP_SeekRowid );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  iKey = pIn3->u.i;
notExistsWithKey:
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );

      /* Prevent post-update hook from running in cases when it should not */
      pTab = 0;
    }
  }
  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISNOOP ) break;
#endif

  assert( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID)==0 || (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE)!=0 );
  if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ){
    p->nChange++;
    if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = x.nKey;
  }
  assert( (pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 || pData->n==0 );
  x.pData = pData->z;
  x.nData = pData->n;
  seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0);
  if( pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
    x.nZero = pData->u.nZero;
  }else{
    x.nZero = 0;
  }
  x.pKey = 0;
  assert( BTREE_PREFORMAT==OPFLAG_PREFORMAT );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeInsert(pC->uc.pCursor, &x,
      (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION|OPFLAG_PREFORMAT)),
      seekResult
  );
  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;

** Store in register P2 an integer which is the key of the table entry that
** P1 is currently point to.
**
** P1 can be either an ordinary table or a virtual table.  There used to
** be a separate OP_VRowid opcode for use with virtual tables, but this
** one opcode now works for both table types.
*/
case OP_Rowid: {                 /* out2, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  i64 v;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );

** If P2 is 0 or if the table or index is not empty, fall through
** to the following instruction.
**
** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
** from the end toward the beginning.  In other words, the cursor is
** configured to use Prev, not Next.
*/
case OP_SeekEnd:             /* ncycle */
case OP_Last: {              /* jump, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );

/* Opcode: Rewind P1 P2 * * *
**
** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Next instruction for P1
** will refer to the first entry in the database table or index.
** If the table or index is empty, jump immediately to P2.
** If the table or index is not empty, fall through to the following
** instruction.
**
** If P2 is zero, that is an assertion that the P1 table is never
** empty and hence the jump will never be taken.
**
** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in forward order,
** from the beginning toward the end.  In other words, the cursor is
** configured to use Next, not Prev.
*/
case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
  assert( pOp->p2>=0 && pOp->p2<p->nOp );

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( isSorter(pC)==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterSort) );
  res = 1;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  pC->seekOp = OP_Rewind;
#endif
  if( isSorter(pC) ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(pC, &res);
  }else{
    assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
    pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
    assert( pCrsr );
    rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pCrsr, &res);
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
  if( pOp->p2>0 ){
    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
    if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Next P1 P2 P3 * P5
**
** Advance cursor P1 so that it points to the next key/data pair in its
** table or index.  If there are no more key/value pairs then fall through

  VdbeCursor *pC;

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( isSorter(pC) );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC);
  goto next_tail;

case OP_Prev:          /* jump, ncycle */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p5==0
       || pOp->p5==SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP
       || pOp->p5==SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
  assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
  assert( pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLE
       || pC->seekOp==OP_Last   || pC->seekOp==OP_IfNoHope
       || pC->seekOp==OP_NullRow);
  rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pC->uc.pCursor, pOp->p3);
  goto next_tail;

case OP_Next:          /* jump, ncycle */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p5==0
       || pOp->p5==SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP
       || pOp->p5==SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );

**
** Write into register P2 an integer which is the last entry in the record at
** the end of the index key pointed to by cursor P1.  This integer should be
** the rowid of the table entry to which this index entry points.
**
** See also: Rowid, MakeRecord.
*/
case OP_DeferredSeek:         /* ncycle */
case OP_IdxRowid: {           /* out2, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;             /* The P1 index cursor */
  VdbeCursor *pTabCur;        /* The P2 table cursor (OP_DeferredSeek only) */
  i64 rowid;                  /* Rowid that P1 current points to */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );

/* Opcode: FinishSeek P1 * * * *
**
** If cursor P1 was previously moved via OP_DeferredSeek, complete that
** seek operation now, without further delay.  If the cursor seek has
** already occurred, this instruction is a no-op.
*/
case OP_FinishSeek: {        /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;            /* The P1 index cursor */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  if( pC->deferredMoveto ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeFinishMoveto(pC);
    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  }

** key that omits the PRIMARY KEY or ROWID.  Compare this key value against
** the index that P1 is currently pointing to, ignoring the PRIMARY KEY or
** ROWID on the P1 index.
**
** If the P1 index entry is less than or equal to the key value then jump
** to P2. Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
*/
case OP_IdxLE:          /* jump, ncycle */
case OP_IdxGT:          /* jump, ncycle */
case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump, ncycle */
case OP_IdxGE:  {       /* jump, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  UnpackedRecord r;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
  pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  assert( (pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
  assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p5) );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db, db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1], nRoot,
                                 (int)pnErr->u.i+1, &nErr, &z);
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
  if( nErr==0 ){
    assert( z==0 );
  }else if( rc ){
    sqlite3_free(z);
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }else{
    pnErr->u.i -= nErr-1;
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pIn1, z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3_free);
  }
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pIn1, encoding);
  goto check_for_interrupt;

    pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
    pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
    pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
    pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
    pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
    pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
    pFrame->token = pProgram->token;



#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    pFrame->iFrameMagic = SQLITE_FRAME_MAGIC;
#endif

    pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[pFrame->nChildMem];
    for(pMem=VdbeFrameMem(pFrame); pMem!=pEnd; pMem++){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Undefined;

  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem];
  pFrame->aOnce = (u8*)&p->apCsr[pProgram->nCsr];
  memset(pFrame->aOnce, 0, (pProgram->nOp + 7)/8);
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;



#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Verify that second and subsequent executions of the same trigger do not
  ** try to reuse register values from the first use. */
  {
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++){
      aMem[i].pScopyFrom = 0;  /* Prevent false-positive AboutToChange() errs */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VOpen P1 * * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a virtual table object, an sqlite3_vtab structure.
** P1 is a cursor number.  This opcode opens a cursor to the virtual
** table and stores that cursor in P1.
*/
case OP_VOpen: {             /* ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pCur;
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  assert( p->bIsReader );
  pCur = 0;

** Set register P2 to be a pointer to a ValueList object for cursor P1
** with cache register P3 and output register P3+1.  This ValueList object
** can be used as the first argument to sqlite3_vtab_in_first() and
** sqlite3_vtab_in_next() to extract all of the values stored in the P1
** cursor.  Register P3 is used to hold the values returned by
** sqlite3_vtab_in_first() and sqlite3_vtab_in_next().
*/
case OP_VInitIn: {        /* out2, ncycle */
  VdbeCursor *pC;         /* The cursor containing the RHS values */
  ValueList *pRhs;        /* New ValueList object to put in reg[P2] */

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  pRhs = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pRhs) );
  if( pRhs==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pRhs->pCsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
  pRhs->pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(pOut, pRhs, "ValueList", sqlite3VdbeValueListFree);
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VFilter P1 P2 P3 P4 *

** P3. Register P3+1 stores the argc parameter to be passed to the
** xFilter method. Registers P3+2..P3+1+argc are the argc
** additional parameters which are passed to
** xFilter as argv. Register P3+2 becomes argv[0] when passed to xFilter.
**
** A jump is made to P2 if the result set after filtering would be empty.
*/
case OP_VFilter: {   /* jump, ncycle */
  int nArg;
  int iQuery;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  Mem *pQuery;
  Mem *pArgc;
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;

** an unchanging column during an UPDATE operation, then the P5
** value is OPFLAG_NOCHNG.  This will cause the sqlite3_vtab_nochange()
** function to return true inside the xColumn method of the virtual
** table implementation.  The P5 column might also contain other
** bits (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG or OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG) but those bits are
** unused by OP_VColumn.
*/
case OP_VColumn: {           /* ncycle */
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  Mem *pDest;
  sqlite3_context sContext;

  VdbeCursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur!=0 );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Opcode: VNext P1 P2 * * *
**
** Advance virtual table P1 to the next row in its result set and
** jump to instruction P2.  Or, if the virtual table has reached
** the end of its result set, then fall through to the next instruction.
*/
case OP_VNext: {   /* jump, ncycle */
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  int res;
  VdbeCursor *pCur;

  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur!=0 );

** The cases of the switch statement above this line should all be indented
** by 6 spaces.  But the left-most 6 spaces have been removed to improve the
** readability.  From this point on down, the normal indentation rules are
** restored.
*****************************************************************************/
    }

#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE)

    *pnCycle += sqlite3NProfileCnt ? sqlite3NProfileCnt : sqlite3Hwtime();
    pnCycle = 0;
#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
    *pnCycle += sqlite3Hwtime();

    pnCycle = 0;
#endif

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
    ** the evaluator loop.  So we can leave it out when NDEBUG is defined.
    */

    sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, resetSchemaOnFault-1);
  }

  /* This is the only way out of this procedure.  We have to
  ** release the mutexes on btrees that were acquired at the
  ** top. */
vdbe_return:
#if defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
  if( pnCycle ){
    *pnCycle += sqlite3NProfileCnt ? sqlite3NProfileCnt : sqlite3Hwtime();
    pnCycle = 0;
  }
#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
  if( pnCycle ){
    *pnCycle += sqlite3Hwtime();
    pnCycle = 0;
  }
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  while( nVmStep>=nProgressLimit && db->xProgress!=0 ){
    nProgressLimit += db->nProgressOps;
    if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
      nProgressLimit = LARGEST_UINT64;
      rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }
  }
#endif
  p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP] += (int)nVmStep;
  if( DbMaskNonZero(p->lockMask) ){
    sqlite3VdbeLeave(p);
  }
  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nExtraDelete==0
       || sqlite3_strlike("DELETE%",p->zSql,0)!=0
  );
  return rc;

  /* Jump to here if a string or blob larger than SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
  ** is encountered.

      "name TEXT,"
      "wr INT,"
      "subprog TEXT,"
      "stmt HIDDEN"
   ");"
  };

  (void)argc;
  (void)argv;
  (void)pzErr;
  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, azSchema[isTabUsed]);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
    pNew->db = db;

  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor,
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  bytecodevtab_cursor *pCur = (bytecodevtab_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
  bytecodevtab *pVTab = (bytecodevtab *)pVtabCursor->pVtab;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  (void)idxStr;

  bytecodevtabCursorClear(pCur);
  pCur->iRowid = 0;
  pCur->iAddr = 0;
  pCur->showSubprograms = idxNum==0;
  assert( argc==1 );
  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_TEXT ){

    pNew->iColumn = iColumn;
    pNew->y.pTab = pMatch->pTab;
    assert( (pMatch->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ))!=0 );
    ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
    *ppList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, *ppList, pNew);
  }
}

/*
** Return TRUE (non-zero) if zTab is a valid name for the schema table pTab.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int isValidSchemaTableName(
  const char *zTab,         /* Name as it appears in the SQL */
  Table *pTab,              /* The schema table we are trying to match */
  Schema *pSchema           /* non-NULL if a database qualifier is present */
){
  const char *zLegacy;
  assert( pTab!=0 );
  assert( pTab->tnum==1 );
  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zTab, "sqlite_", 7)!=0 ) return 0;
  zLegacy = pTab->zName;
  if( strcmp(zLegacy+7, &LEGACY_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ){
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTab+7, &PREFERRED_TEMP_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ){
      return 1;
    }
    if( pSchema==0 ) return 0;
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTab+7, &LEGACY_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ) return 1;
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTab+7, &PREFERRED_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ) return 1;
  }else{
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTab+7, &PREFERRED_SCHEMA_TABLE[7])==0 ) return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Given the name of a column of the form X.Y.Z or Y.Z or just Z, look up
** that name in the set of source tables in pSrcList and make the pExpr
** expression node refer back to that source column.  The following changes
** are made to pExpr:
**

            hit = 1;
            if( pEList->a[j].fg.bUsingTerm ) break;
          }
          if( hit || zTab==0 ) continue;
        }
        assert( zDb==0 || zTab!=0 );
        if( zTab ){

          if( zDb ){
            if( pTab->pSchema!=pSchema ) continue;
            if( pSchema==0 && strcmp(zDb,"*")!=0 ) continue;
          }
          if( pItem->zAlias!=0 ){

            if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTab, pItem->zAlias)!=0 ){
              continue;
            }
          }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zTab, pTab->zName)!=0 ){
            if( pTab->tnum!=1 ) continue;
            if( !isValidSchemaTableName(zTab, pTab, pSchema) ) continue;
          }
          assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT && pItem->zAlias ){
            sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)&pExpr->y.pTab);
          }
        }
        hCol = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT */
          {
            assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
            pExpr->y.pTab = pTab;
            if( pParse->bReturning ){
              eNewExprOp = TK_REGISTER;
              pExpr->op2 = TK_COLUMN;
              pExpr->iColumn = iCol;
              pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.iBaseReg + (pTab->nCol+1)*pExpr->iTable +
                 sqlite3TableColumnToStorage(pTab, iCol) + 1;
            }else{
              pExpr->iColumn = (i16)iCol;
              eNewExprOp = TK_TRIGGER;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
              if( iCol<0 ){

** CREATE TABLE t1(a);
** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a;
** SELECT a AS b FROM t1 WHERE b;
** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (select a from t1);
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE char sqlite3ExprAffinity(const Expr *pExpr){
  int op;







  op = pExpr->op;

  while( 1 /* exit-by-break */ ){
    if( op==TK_COLUMN || (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN && pExpr->y.pTab!=0) ){
      assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
      assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
      return sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
    }
    if( op==TK_SELECT ){
      assert( ExprUseXSelect(pExpr) );
      assert( pExpr->x.pSelect!=0 );
      assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList!=0 );
      assert( pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr!=0 );
      return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
    if( op==TK_CAST ){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      return sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
    }
#endif
    if( op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
      assert( pExpr->pLeft!=0 && ExprUseXSelect(pExpr->pLeft) );
      assert( pExpr->iColumn < pExpr->iTable );
      assert( pExpr->iTable==pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr );
      return sqlite3ExprAffinity(
          pExpr->pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr
      );
    }
    if( op==TK_VECTOR ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_IfNullRow) ){
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE
           || pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW
           || (pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) );
      pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
      op = pExpr->op;
      continue;
    }
    if( op!=TK_REGISTER || (op = pExpr->op2)==TK_REGISTER ) break;
  }
  return pExpr->affExpr;
}

/*
** Make a guess at all the possible datatypes of the result that could
** be returned by an expression.  Return a bitmask indicating the answer:
**
**     0x01         Numeric
**     0x02         Text
**     0x04         Blob
**
** If the expression must return NULL, then 0x00 is returned.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprDataType(const Expr *pExpr){
  while( pExpr ){
    switch( pExpr->op ){
      case TK_COLLATE:
      case TK_IF_NULL_ROW:
      case TK_UPLUS:  {
        pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
        break;
      }
      case TK_NULL: {
        pExpr = 0;
        break;
      }
      case TK_STRING: {
        return 0x02;
      }
      case TK_BLOB: {
        return 0x04;
      }
      case TK_CONCAT: {
        return 0x06;
      }
      case TK_VARIABLE:
      case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
      case TK_FUNCTION: {
        return 0x07;
      }
      case TK_COLUMN:
      case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
      case TK_SELECT:
      case TK_CAST:
      case TK_SELECT_COLUMN:
      case TK_VECTOR:  {
        int aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr);
        if( aff>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ) return 0x05;
        if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT )    return 0x06;
        return 0x07;
      }
      case TK_CASE: {
        int res = 0;
        int ii;
        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
        assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) && pList!=0 );
        assert( pList->nExpr > 0);
        for(ii=1; ii<pList->nExpr; ii+=2){
          res |= sqlite3ExprDataType(pList->a[ii].pExpr);
        }
        if( pList->nExpr % 2 ){
          res |= sqlite3ExprDataType(pList->a[pList->nExpr-1].pExpr);
        }
        return res;
      }
      default: {
        return 0x01;
      }
    } /* End of switch(op) */
  } /* End of while(pExpr) */
  return 0x00;
}

/*
** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating
** sequence named by pToken.   Return a pointer to a new Expr node that
** implements the COLLATE operator.
**
** If a memory allocation error occurs, that fact is recorded in pParse->db

SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const Expr *pExpr){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  const Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( p ){
    int op = p->op;
    if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
    if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN && p->y.pTab!=0)
     || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_TRIGGER
    ){
      int j;
      assert( ExprUseYTab(p) );
      assert( p->y.pTab!=0 );
      if( (j = p->iColumn)>=0 ){
        const char *zColl = sqlite3ColumnColl(&p->y.pTab->aCol[j]);
        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
      }

SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  int addrOnce = 0;           /* Address of OP_Once at top of subroutine */
  int rReg = 0;               /* Register storing resulting */
  Select *pSel;               /* SELECT statement to encode */
  SelectDest dest;            /* How to deal with SELECT result */
  int nReg;                   /* Registers to allocate */
  Expr *pLimit;               /* New limit expression */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
  int addrExplain;            /* Address of OP_Explain instruction */
#endif

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );
  if( pParse->nErr ) return 0;
  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
  testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );

  **
  ** If this is an EXISTS, write an integer 0 (not exists) or 1 (exists)
  ** into a register and return that register number.
  **
  ** In both cases, the query is augmented with "LIMIT 1".  Any
  ** preexisting limit is discarded in place of the new LIMIT 1.
  */
  ExplainQueryPlan2(addrExplain, (pParse, 1, "%sSCALAR SUBQUERY %d",
        addrOnce?"":"CORRELATED ", pSel->selId));
  sqlite3VdbeScanStatusCounters(v, addrExplain, addrExplain, -1);
  nReg = pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ? pSel->pEList->nExpr : 1;
  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, pParse->nMem+1);
  pParse->nMem += nReg;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
    dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
    dest.iSdst = dest.iSDParm;
    dest.nSdst = nReg;

    return 0;
  }
  pExpr->iTable = rReg = dest.iSDParm;
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
  if( addrOnce ){
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
  }
  sqlite3VdbeScanStatusRange(v, addrExplain, addrExplain, -1);

  /* Subroutine return */
  assert( ExprUseYSub(pExpr) );
  assert( sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v,pExpr->y.sub.iAddr-1)->opcode==OP_BeginSubrtn
          || pParse->nErr );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Return, pExpr->y.sub.regReturn,
                    pExpr->y.sub.iAddr, 1);

    }

    case INLINEFUNC_affinity: {
      /* The AFFINITY() function evaluates to a string that describes
      ** the type affinity of the argument.  This is used for testing of
      ** the SQLite type logic.
      */
      const char *azAff[] = { "blob", "text", "numeric", "integer",
                              "real", "flexnum" };
      char aff;
      assert( nFarg==1 );
      aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pFarg->a[0].pExpr);
      assert( aff<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE
           || (aff>=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB && aff<=SQLITE_AFF_FLEXNUM) );
      sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, target,
              (aff<=SQLITE_AFF_NONE) ? "none" : azAff[aff-SQLITE_AFF_BLOB]);
      break;
    }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */
  }
  return target;
}

/*
** Check to see if pExpr is one of the indexed expressions on pParse->pIdxEpr.
** If it is, then resolve the expression by reading from the index and
** return the register into which the value has been read.  If pExpr is
** not an indexed expression, then return negative.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(
  Parse *pParse,   /* The parsing context */
  Expr *pExpr,     /* The expression to potentially bypass */
  int target       /* Where to store the result of the expression */
){
  IndexedExpr *p;
  Vdbe *v;
  for(p=pParse->pIdxEpr; p; p=p->pIENext){
    int iDataCur = p->iDataCur;
    if( iDataCur<0 ) continue;
    if( pParse->iSelfTab ){
      if( p->iDataCur!=pParse->iSelfTab-1 ) continue;
      iDataCur = -1;
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, p->pExpr, iDataCur)!=0 ) continue;
    v = pParse->pVdbe;
    assert( v!=0 );
    if( p->bMaybeNullRow ){
      /* If the index is on a NULL row due to an outer join, then we
      ** cannot extract the value from the index.  The value must be
      ** computed using the original expression. */
      int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfNullRow, p->iIdxCur, addr+3, target);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p->iIdxCur, p->iIdxCol, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s expr-column %d", p->zIdxName, p->iIdxCol));
      sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, 0);
      p = pParse->pIdxEpr;
      pParse->pIdxEpr = 0;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
      pParse->pIdxEpr = p;
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+2);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, p->iIdxCur, p->iIdxCol, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s expr-column %d", p->zIdxName, p->iIdxCol));
    }
    return target;
  }

  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  assert( v!=0 );

expr_code_doover:
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    op = TK_NULL;
  }else if( pParse->pIdxEpr!=0
   && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf)
   && (r1 = sqlite3IndexedExprLookup(pParse, pExpr, target))>=0
  ){
    return r1;
  }else{
    assert( !ExprHasVVAProperty(pExpr,EP_Immutable) );
    op = pExpr->op;
  }
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
      struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
      assert( pAggInfo!=0 );
      assert( pExpr->iAgg>=0 && pExpr->iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
      pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg];
      if( !pAggInfo->directMode ){

        return AggInfoColumnReg(pAggInfo, pExpr->iAgg);
      }else if( pAggInfo->useSortingIdx ){
        Table *pTab = pCol->pTab;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab,
                              pCol->iSorterColumn, target);
        if( pTab==0 ){
          /* No comment added */
        }else if( pCol->iColumn<0 ){
          VdbeComment((v,"%s.rowid",pTab->zName));
        }else{
          VdbeComment((v,"%s.%s",
              pTab->zName, pTab->aCol[pCol->iColumn].zCnName));
          if( pTab->aCol[pCol->iColumn].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
          }
        }
        return target;
      }else if( pExpr->y.pTab==0 ){
        /* This case happens when the argument to an aggregate function
        ** is rewritten by aggregateConvertIndexedExprRefToColumn() */
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn, target);
        return target;
      }
      /* Otherwise, fall thru into the TK_COLUMN case */
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      int iTab = pExpr->iTable;
      int iReg;
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FixedCol) ){
        /* This COLUMN expression is really a constant due to WHERE clause
        ** constraints, and that constant is coded by the pExpr->pLeft
        ** expresssion.  However, make sure the constant has the correct
        ** datatype by applying the Affinity of the table column to the
        ** constant.
        */
        int aff;
        iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,target);
        assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
        assert( pExpr->y.pTab!=0 );
        aff = sqlite3TableColumnAffinity(pExpr->y.pTab, pExpr->iColumn);
        if( aff>SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
          static const char zAff[] = "B\000C\000D\000E\000F";
          assert( SQLITE_AFF_BLOB=='A' );
          assert( SQLITE_AFF_TEXT=='B' );
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, iReg, 1, 0,
                            &zAff[(aff-'B')*2], P4_STATIC);
        }
        return iReg;
      }

      if( pInfo==0
       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg<0)
       || NEVER(pExpr->iAgg>=pInfo->nFunc)
      ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate: %#T()", pExpr);
      }else{
        return AggInfoFuncReg(pInfo, pExpr->iAgg);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      int nFarg;             /* Number of function arguments */
      FuncDef *pDef;         /* The function definition object */

    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW: {
      int addrINR;
      u8 okConstFactor = pParse->okConstFactor;
      AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
      if( pAggInfo ){
        assert( pExpr->iAgg>=0 && pExpr->iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
        if( !pAggInfo->directMode ){
          inReg = AggInfoColumnReg(pAggInfo, pExpr->iAgg);
          break;
        }
        if( pExpr->pAggInfo->useSortingIdx ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab,
                            pAggInfo->aCol[pExpr->iAgg].iSorterColumn,
                            target);
          inReg = target;

** This is a Walker expression node callback.
**
** For Expr nodes that contain pAggInfo pointers, make sure the AggInfo
** object that is referenced does not refer directly to the Expr.  If
** it does, make a copy.  This is done because the pExpr argument is
** subject to change.
**
** The copy is scheduled for deletion using the sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete()


** which builds on the sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() mechanism.
*/
static int agginfoPersistExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  if( ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced))
   && pExpr->pAggInfo!=0
  ){
    AggInfo *pAggInfo = pExpr->pAggInfo;
    int iAgg = pExpr->iAgg;
    Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
    if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){

      assert( iAgg>=0 && iAgg<pAggInfo->nColumn );
      if( pAggInfo->aCol[iAgg].pCExpr==pExpr ){
        pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        if( pExpr ){
          pAggInfo->aCol[iAgg].pCExpr = pExpr;
          sqlite3ExprDeferredDelete(pParse, pExpr);
        }

       pInfo->aFunc,
       sizeof(pInfo->aFunc[0]),
       &pInfo->nFunc,
       &i
  );
  return i;
}

/*
** Search the AggInfo object for an aCol[] entry that has iTable and iColumn.
** Return the index in aCol[] of the entry that describes that column.
**
** If no prior entry is found, create a new one and return -1.  The
** new column will have an idex of pAggInfo->nColumn-1.
*/
static void findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo,   /* The AggInfo object to search and/or modify */
  Expr *pExpr          /* Expr describing the column to find or insert */
){
  struct AggInfo_col *pCol;
  int k;

  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  pCol = pAggInfo->aCol;
  for(k=0; k<pAggInfo->nColumn; k++, pCol++){
    if( pCol->iTable==pExpr->iTable
     && pCol->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn
     && pExpr->op!=TK_IF_NULL_ROW
    ){
      goto fix_up_expr;
    }
  }
  k = addAggInfoColumn(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
  if( k<0 ){
    /* OOM on resize */
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return;
  }
  pCol = &pAggInfo->aCol[k];
  assert( ExprUseYTab(pExpr) );
  pCol->pTab = pExpr->y.pTab;
  pCol->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
  pCol->iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
  pCol->iSorterColumn = -1;
  pCol->pCExpr = pExpr;
  if( pAggInfo->pGroupBy && pExpr->op!=TK_IF_NULL_ROW ){
    int j, n;
    ExprList *pGB = pAggInfo->pGroupBy;
    struct ExprList_item *pTerm = pGB->a;
    n = pGB->nExpr;
    for(j=0; j<n; j++, pTerm++){
      Expr *pE = pTerm->pExpr;
      if( pE->op==TK_COLUMN
       && pE->iTable==pExpr->iTable
       && pE->iColumn==pExpr->iColumn
      ){
        pCol->iSorterColumn = j;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  if( pCol->iSorterColumn<0 ){
    pCol->iSorterColumn = pAggInfo->nSortingColumn++;
  }
fix_up_expr:
  ExprSetVVAProperty(pExpr, EP_NoReduce);
  assert( pExpr->pAggInfo==0 || pExpr->pAggInfo==pAggInfo );
  pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    pExpr->op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
  }
  pExpr->iAgg = (i16)k;
}

/*
** This is the xExprCallback for a tree walker.  It is used to
** implement sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates().  See sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates
** for additional information.
*/
static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  int i;
  NameContext *pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
  Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
  SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
  AggInfo *pAggInfo = pNC->uNC.pAggInfo;

  assert( pNC->ncFlags & NC_UAggInfo );
  assert( pAggInfo->iFirstReg==0 );
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    default: {
      IndexedExpr *pIEpr;
      Expr tmp;
      assert( pParse->iSelfTab==0 );
      if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_InAggFunc)==0 ) break;
      if( pParse->pIdxEpr==0 ) break;
      for(pIEpr=pParse->pIdxEpr; pIEpr; pIEpr=pIEpr->pIENext){
        int iDataCur = pIEpr->iDataCur;
        if( iDataCur<0 ) continue;
        if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pIEpr->pExpr, iDataCur)==0 ) break;
      }
      if( pIEpr==0 ) break;
      if( NEVER(!ExprUseYTab(pExpr)) ) break;
      if( pExpr->pAggInfo!=0 ) break; /* Already resolved by outer context */

      /* If we reach this point, it means that expression pExpr can be
      ** translated into a reference to an index column as described by
      ** pIEpr.
      */
      memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
      tmp.op = TK_AGG_COLUMN;
      tmp.iTable = pIEpr->iIdxCur;
      tmp.iColumn = pIEpr->iIdxCol;
      findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(pParse, pAggInfo, &tmp);
      pAggInfo->aCol[tmp.iAgg].pCExpr = pExpr;
      pExpr->pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
      pExpr->iAgg = tmp.iAgg;
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW:
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW );
      /* Check to see if the column is in one of the tables in the FROM
      ** clause of the aggregate query */
      if( ALWAYS(pSrcList!=0) ){
        SrcItem *pItem = pSrcList->a;
        for(i=0; i<pSrcList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){

          assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );
          if( pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor ){

















            findOrCreateAggInfoColumn(pParse, pAggInfo, pExpr);








































            break;
          } /* endif pExpr->iTable==pItem->iCursor */
        } /* end loop over pSrcList */
      }
      return WRC_Prune;
    }
    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION: {

          */
          u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
          i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
          if( i>=0 ){
            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
            pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
            pItem->pFExpr = pExpr;

            assert( ExprUseUToken(pExpr) );
            pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
                   pExpr->u.zToken,
                   pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
            if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
              pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
            }else{

** following a valid object, it may not be used in comparison operations.
*/
static void renameTokenCheckAll(Parse *pParse, const void *pPtr){
  assert( pParse==pParse->db->pParse );
  assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 || pParse->nErr!=0 );
  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
    const RenameToken *p;
    u32 i = 1;
    for(p=pParse->pRename; p; p=p->pNext){
      if( p->p ){
        assert( p->p!=pPtr );
        i += *(u8*)(p->p) | 1;
      }
    }
    assert( i>0 );
  }
}
#else
# define renameTokenCheckAll(x,y)
#endif

/*

}

/*
** If the Index.aSample variable is not NULL, delete the aSample[] array
** and its contents.
*/
SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteIndexSamples(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
  assert( db!=0 );
  assert( pIdx!=0 );
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4
  if( pIdx->aSample ){
    int j;
    for(j=0; j<pIdx->nSample; j++){
      IndexSample *p = &pIdx->aSample[j];
      sqlite3DbFree(db, p->p);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pIdx->aSample);
  }
  if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
    pIdx->nSample = 0;
    pIdx->aSample = 0;
  }
#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pIdx);
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */

  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  const char *zName;
  const char *zFile;
  char *zPath = 0;
  char *zErr = 0;
  unsigned int flags;
  Db *aNew;                 /* New array of Db pointers */
  Db *pNew = 0;             /* Db object for the newly attached database */
  char *zErrDyn = 0;
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  zFile = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  zName = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  if( zFile==0 ) zFile = "";
  if( zName==0 ) zName = "";

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
# define REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db)  (db->init.reopenMemdb)
#else
# define REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db)  (0)
#endif

  if( REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db) ){
    /* This is not a real ATTACH.  Instead, this routine is being called
    ** from sqlite3_deserialize() to close database db->init.iDb and
    ** reopen it as a MemDB */
    Btree *pNewBt = 0;
    pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find("memdb");
    if( pVfs==0 ) return;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, "x\0", db, &pNewBt, 0, SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      Schema *pNewSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, pNewBt);
      if( pNewSchema ){
        /* Both the Btree and the new Schema were allocated successfully.
        ** Close the old db and update the aDb[] slot with the new memdb
        ** values.  */
        pNew = &db->aDb[db->init.iDb];
        if( ALWAYS(pNew->pBt) ) sqlite3BtreeClose(pNew->pBt);
        pNew->pBt = pNewBt;
        pNew->pSchema = pNewSchema;
      }else{
        sqlite3BtreeClose(pNewBt);
        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }
    }
    if( rc ) goto attach_error;
  }else{
    /* This is a real ATTACH
    **
    ** Check for the following errors:
    **
    **     * Too many attached databases,
    **     * Transaction currently open

    rc = sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(db, zName, &newAuth);
    if( newAuth<db->auth.authLevel ){
      rc = SQLITE_AUTH_USER;
    }
  }
#endif
  if( rc ){
    if( ALWAYS(!REOPEN_AS_MEMDB(db)) ){
      int iDb = db->nDb - 1;
      assert( iDb>=2 );
      if( db->aDb[iDb].pBt ){
        sqlite3BtreeClose(db->aDb[iDb].pBt);
        db->aDb[iDb].pBt = 0;
        db->aDb[iDb].pSchema = 0;
      }

  Expr *pKey           /* Database key for encryption extension */
){
  int rc;
  NameContext sName;
  Vdbe *v;
  sqlite3* db = pParse->db;
  int regArgs;

  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ) goto attach_end;

  if( pParse->nErr ) goto attach_end;
  memset(&sName, 0, sizeof(NameContext));
  sName.pParse = pParse;

  if(
      SQLITE_OK!=resolveAttachExpr(&sName, pFilename) ||

  va_list ap;
  char *zSql;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  u32 savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
  char saveBuf[PARSE_TAIL_SZ];

  if( pParse->nErr ) return;
  if( pParse->eParseMode ) return;
  assert( pParse->nested<10 );  /* Nesting should only be of limited depth */
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  zSql = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( zSql==0 ){
    /* This can result either from an OOM or because the formatted string
    ** exceeds SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH.  In the latter case, we need to set