memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
  if( sqlite4ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }

  /* Initialize the counter of the number of rows deleted, if
  ** we are counting rows.
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
    memCnt = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, memCnt);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
  /* Special case: A DELETE without a WHERE clause deletes everything.
  ** It is easier just to erase the whole table. Prior to version 3.6.5,
  ** this optimization caused the row change count (the value returned by 
  ** API function sqlite4_count_changes) to be set incorrectly.  */
  if( rcauth==SQLITE_OK && pWhere==0 && !pTrigger && !IsVirtual(pTab) 
   && 0==sqlite4FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0)
  ){
    assert( !isView );
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
      assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
    }
  }else
................................................................................
  int baseCur,                    /* Base cursor number */
  int regKey,                     /* Register containing PK of row to delete */
  int bCount,                     /* True to increment the row change counter */
  Trigger *pTrigger,              /* List of triggers to (potentially) fire */
  int onconf                      /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for triggers */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;        /* Vdbe */
  int iOld = 0;                   /* First register in OLD.* array */
  int iLabel;                     /* Label resolved to end of generated code */
  int iPk;


  /* Vdbe is guaranteed to have been allocated by this stage. */
  assert( v );

  sqlite4FindPrimaryKey(pTab, &iPk);


  /* Seek cursor iCur to the row to delete. If this row no longer exists 
  ** (this can happen if a trigger program has already deleted it), do
  ** not attempt to delete it or fire any DELETE triggers.  */
  iLabel = sqlite4VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  sqlite4VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_NotFound, baseCur+iPk, iLabel, regKey, 0, P4_INT32);
 
  /* If there are any triggers to fire, allocate a range of registers to
  ** use for the old.* references in the triggers.  */
#if 0
  if( sqlite4FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) || pTrigger ){
    u32 mask;                     /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */
    int iCol;                     /* Iterator used while populating OLD.* */

    /* TODO: Could use temporary registers here. Also could attempt to
    ** avoid copying the contents of the rowid register.  */






    mask = sqlite4TriggerColmask(
        pParse, pTrigger, 0, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, onconf
    );
    mask |= sqlite4FkOldmask(pParse, pTab);
    iOld = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += (1 + pTab->nCol);

    /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table register array. These values will be 
    ** used by any BEFORE and AFTER triggers that exist.  */
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, iRowid, iOld);
    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
      if( mask==0xffffffff || mask&(1<<iCol) ){
        sqlite4ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, iCol, iOld+iCol+1);
      }
    }

    /* Invoke BEFORE DELETE trigger programs. */
    sqlite4CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
        TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, iOld, onconf, iLabel
    );

    /* Seek the cursor to the row to be deleted again. It may be that
    ** the BEFORE triggers coded above have already removed the row
    ** being deleted. Do not attempt to delete the row a second time, and 
    ** do not fire AFTER triggers.  */
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, iLabel, iRowid);

    /* Do FK processing. This call checks that any FK constraints that
    ** refer to this table (i.e. constraints attached to other tables) 
    ** are not violated by deleting this row.  */
    sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, iOld, 0);
  }
#endif

  /* Delete the index and table entries. Skip this step if pTab is really
  ** a view (in which case the only effect of the DELETE statement is to
  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).  */ 
  if( pTab->pSelect==0 ){
    sqlite4GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 0);
#if 0
................................................................................
      sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
    }
#endif
  }

  /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
  ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key
  ** to the row just deleted. */ 

  sqlite4FkActions(pParse, pTab, 0, iOld);

  /* Invoke AFTER DELETE trigger programs. */
  sqlite4CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
      TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, iOld, onconf, iLabel
  );

  /* Jump here if the row had already been deleted before any BEFORE
  ** trigger programs were invoked. Or if a trigger program throws a 
  ** RAISE(IGNORE) exception.  */
  sqlite4VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLabel);
}

  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
  if( sqlite4ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }









#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
  /* Special case: A DELETE without a WHERE clause deletes everything.
  ** It is easier just to erase the whole table. Prior to version 3.6.5,
  ** this optimization caused the row change count (the value returned by 
  ** API function sqlite4_count_changes) to be set incorrectly.  */
  if( rcauth==SQLITE_OK && pWhere==0 && !pTrigger && !IsVirtual(pTab) 
   && 0==sqlite4FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0)
  ){
    assert( !isView );
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
      assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
    }
  }else
................................................................................
  int baseCur,                    /* Base cursor number */
  int regKey,                     /* Register containing PK of row to delete */
  int bCount,                     /* True to increment the row change counter */
  Trigger *pTrigger,              /* List of triggers to (potentially) fire */
  int onconf                      /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for triggers */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;        /* Vdbe */
  int regOld = 0;                 /* First register in OLD.* array */
  int iLabel;                     /* Label resolved to end of generated code */
  int iPk;
  int iPkCsr;                     /* Primary key cursor number */

  /* Vdbe is guaranteed to have been allocated by this stage. */
  assert( v );

  sqlite4FindPrimaryKey(pTab, &iPk);
  iPkCsr = baseCur + iPk;

  /* Seek the PK cursor to the row to delete. If this row no longer exists 
  ** (this can happen if a trigger program has already deleted it), do
  ** not attempt to delete it or fire any DELETE triggers.  */
  iLabel = sqlite4VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iPkCsr, iLabel, regKey, 0);
 
  /* If there are any triggers to fire, allocate a range of registers to
  ** use for the old.* references in the triggers.  */

  if( sqlite4FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0) || pTrigger ){
    u32 mask;                     /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */
    int iCol;                     /* Iterator used while populating OLD.* */

    /* Determine which table columns may be required by either foreign key
    ** logic or triggers. This block sets stack variable mask to a 32-bit mask
    ** where bit 0 corresponds to the left-most table column, bit 1 to the
    ** second left-most, and so on. If an OLD.* column may be required, then
    ** the corresponding bit is set.
    **
    ** Or, if the table contains more than 32 columns and at least one of
    ** the columns following the 32nd is required, set mask to 0xffffffff.  */
    mask = sqlite4TriggerColmask(
        pParse, pTrigger, 0, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, onconf
    );
    mask |= sqlite4FkOldmask(pParse, pTab);

    /* Allocate an array of registers - one for each column in the table.
    ** Then populate those array elements that may be used by FK or trigger
    ** logic with the OLD.* values.  */
    regOld = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
      if( mask==0xffffffff || mask&(1<<iCol) ){
        sqlite4ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iPkCsr, iCol, regOld+iCol);
      }
    }

    /* Invoke BEFORE DELETE trigger programs. */
    sqlite4CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
        TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, regOld, onconf, iLabel
    );

    /* Seek the cursor to the row to be deleted again. It may be that
    ** the BEFORE triggers coded above have already removed the row
    ** being deleted. Do not attempt to delete the row a second time, and 
    ** do not fire AFTER triggers.  */
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iPkCsr, iLabel, regKey, 0);

    /* Do FK processing. This call checks that any FK constraints that
    ** refer to this table (i.e. constraints attached to other tables) 
    ** are not violated by deleting this row.  */
    sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOld, 0);
  }


  /* Delete the index and table entries. Skip this step if pTab is really
  ** a view (in which case the only effect of the DELETE statement is to
  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).  */ 
  if( pTab->pSelect==0 ){
    sqlite4GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 0);
#if 0
................................................................................
      sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
    }
#endif
  }

  /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
  ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key
  ** to the row just deleted. This is a no-op if there are no configured
  ** foreign keys that use this table as a parent table.  */ 
  sqlite4FkActions(pParse, pTab, 0, regOld);

  /* Invoke AFTER DELETE trigger programs. */
  sqlite4CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
      TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, regOld, onconf, iLabel
  );

  /* Jump here if the row had already been deleted before any BEFORE
  ** trigger programs were invoked. Or if a trigger program throws a 
  ** RAISE(IGNORE) exception.  */
  sqlite4VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLabel);
}

  if( isIgnore==0 ){
    int nCol = pFKey->nCol;
    int regTemp = sqlite4GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
    int regRec = sqlite4GetTempReg(pParse);

    sqlite4OpenIndex(pParse, iCur, iDb, pIdx, OP_OpenRead);

    /* Assemble the child key values in a contiguous array of registers */

    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, aiCol[i]+regContent, regTemp+i);
    }



    /* If the parent table is the same as the child table, and we are about
    ** to increment the constraint-counter (i.e. this is an INSERT operation),
    ** then check if the row being inserted matches itself. If so, do not
    ** increment the constraint-counter. 
    **
    ** If any of the parent-key values are NULL, then the row cannot match 
    ** itself. So set JUMPIFNULL to make sure we do the OP_Found if any
    ** of the parent-key values are NULL (at this point it is known that
    ** none of the child key values are).  */
    if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr==1 ){
      int iJump = sqlite4VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nCol + 1;
      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
        int iChild = aiCol[i]+regContent;
        int iParent = pIdx->aiColumn[i]+regContent;
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iChild, iJump, iParent);
        sqlite4VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);

      }
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
    }

    /* FIXME: Affinities... */
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeIdxKey, iCur, regTemp, regRec);
    /* sqlite4VdbeChangeP5(v, 1); */

    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0);


    sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec);
    sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, sqlite4IndexAffinityStr(v,pIdx), P4_TRANSIENT);
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0);


    sqlite4ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
    sqlite4ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
  }

  if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !pParse->pToplevel && !pParse->isMultiWrite ){
    /* Special case: If this is an INSERT statement that will insert exactly
................................................................................
  }

  sqlite4VdbeResolveLabel(v, iOk);
  sqlite4VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCur);
}

/*
** This function is called to generate code executed when a row is deleted
** from the parent table of foreign key constraint pFKey and, if pFKey is 
** deferred, when a row is inserted into the same table. When generating
** code for an SQL UPDATE operation, this function may be called twice -
** once to "delete" the old row and once to "insert" the new row.

**
** The code generated by this function scans through the rows in the child
** table that correspond to the parent table row being deleted or inserted.
** For each child row found, one of the following actions is taken:
**
**   Operation | FK type   | Action taken
**   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
................................................................................
  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
  Expr *pWhere = 0;               /* WHERE clause to scan with */
  NameContext sNameContext;       /* Context used to resolve WHERE clause */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;              /* Context used by sqlite4WhereXXX() */
  int iFkIfZero = 0;              /* Address of OP_FkIfZero */
  Vdbe *v = sqlite4GetVdbe(pParse);

  assert( !pIdx || pIdx->pTable==pTab );

  if( nIncr<0 ){
    iFkIfZero = sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, pFKey->isDeferred, 0);
  }

  /* Create an Expr object representing an SQL expression like:
  **
................................................................................
    int iCol;                     /* Index of column in child table */ 
    const char *zCol;             /* Name of column in child table */

    pLeft = sqlite4Expr(db, TK_REGISTER, 0);
    if( pLeft ){
      /* Set the collation sequence and affinity of the LHS of each TK_EQ
      ** expression to the parent key column defaults.  */
      if( pIdx ){
        Column *pCol;
        iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
        pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
        pLeft->iTable = regData+iCol+1;
        pLeft->affinity = pCol->affinity;
        pLeft->pColl = sqlite4LocateCollSeq(pParse, pCol->zColl);
      }else{
        pLeft->iTable = regData;
        pLeft->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      }
    }
    iCol = aiCol ? aiCol[i] : pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom;
    assert( iCol>=0 );
    zCol = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iCol].zName;
    pRight = sqlite4Expr(db, TK_ID, zCol);
    pEq = sqlite4PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pLeft, pRight, 0);
    pWhere = sqlite4ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
................................................................................
  /* Resolve the references in the WHERE clause. */
  memset(&sNameContext, 0, sizeof(NameContext));
  sNameContext.pSrcList = pSrc;
  sNameContext.pParse = pParse;
  sqlite4ResolveExprNames(&sNameContext, pWhere);

  /* Create VDBE to loop through the entries in pSrc that match the WHERE
  ** clause. If the constraint is not deferred, throw an exception for
  ** each row found. Otherwise, for deferred constraints, increment the
  ** deferred constraint counter by nIncr for each row selected.  */
  pWInfo = sqlite4WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0);
  if( nIncr>0 && pFKey->isDeferred==0 ){
    sqlite4ParseToplevel(pParse)->mayAbort = 1;
  }
  sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
  if( pWInfo ){
    sqlite4WhereEnd(pWInfo);
................................................................................
  }
}

#define COLUMN_MASK(x) (((x)>31) ? 0xffffffff : ((u32)1<<(x)))

/*
** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a 
** row contained in table pTab.
*/
u32 sqlite4FkOldmask(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab                     /* Table being modified */
){
  u32 mask = 0;
  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
................................................................................
** If any foreign key processing will be required, this function returns
** true. If there is no foreign key related processing, this function 
** returns false.
*/
int sqlite4FkRequired(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being modified */
  int *aChange,                   /* Non-NULL for UPDATE operations */
  int chngRowid                   /* True for UPDATE that affects rowid */
){
  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
    if( !aChange ){
      /* A DELETE operation. Foreign key processing is required if the 
      ** table in question is either the child or parent table for any 
      ** foreign key constraint.  */
      return (sqlite4FkReferences(pTab) || pTab->pFKey);

  if( isIgnore==0 ){
    int nCol = pFKey->nCol;
    int regTemp = sqlite4GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
    int regRec = sqlite4GetTempReg(pParse);

    sqlite4OpenIndex(pParse, iCur, iDb, pIdx, OP_OpenRead);

    /* Assemble the child key values in a contiguous array of registers.
    ** Then apply the affinity transformation for the parent index.  */
    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, aiCol[i]+regContent, regTemp+i);
    }
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regTemp, nCol);
    sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, sqlite4IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx), P4_TRANSIENT);

    /* If the parent table is the same as the child table, and we are about
    ** to increment the constraint-counter (i.e. this is an INSERT operation),
    ** then check if the row being inserted matches itself. If so, do not
    ** increment the constraint-counter. 
    **
    ** If any of the parent-key values are NULL, then the row cannot match 
    ** itself. So set JUMPIFNULL to make sure we do the OP_Found if any
    ** of the parent-key values are NULL (at this point it is known that
    ** none of the child key values are).  */
    if( pTab==pFKey->pFrom && nIncr==1 ){
      int iJump = sqlite4VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nCol + 1;
      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
        int iChild = regTemp+i;
        int iParent = pIdx->aiColumn[i]+regContent;
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iChild, iJump, iParent);
        sqlite4VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
        assert( iChild<=pParse->nMem && iParent<=pParse->nMem );
      }
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
    }


    sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeIdxKey, iCur, regTemp, regRec);
    sqlite4VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);

    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0);

#if 0
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec);
    sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, sqlite4IndexAffinityStr(v,pIdx), P4_TRANSIENT);
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0);
#endif

    sqlite4ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
    sqlite4ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
  }

  if( !pFKey->isDeferred && !pParse->pToplevel && !pParse->isMultiWrite ){
    /* Special case: If this is an INSERT statement that will insert exactly
................................................................................
  }

  sqlite4VdbeResolveLabel(v, iOk);
  sqlite4VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCur);
}

/*
** This function is called to generate code executed when a row is inserted
** into or deleted from the parent table of foreign key constraint pFKey.

** When generating code for an SQL UPDATE operation, this function may be 
** called twice - once to "delete" the old row and once to "insert" the 
** new row.
**
** The code generated by this function scans through the rows in the child
** table that correspond to the parent table row being deleted or inserted.
** For each child row found, one of the following actions is taken:
**
**   Operation | FK type   | Action taken
**   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
................................................................................
  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
  Expr *pWhere = 0;               /* WHERE clause to scan with */
  NameContext sNameContext;       /* Context used to resolve WHERE clause */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;              /* Context used by sqlite4WhereXXX() */
  int iFkIfZero = 0;              /* Address of OP_FkIfZero */
  Vdbe *v = sqlite4GetVdbe(pParse);

  assert( pIdx && pIdx->pTable==pTab );

  if( nIncr<0 ){
    iFkIfZero = sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkIfZero, pFKey->isDeferred, 0);
  }

  /* Create an Expr object representing an SQL expression like:
  **
................................................................................
    int iCol;                     /* Index of column in child table */ 
    const char *zCol;             /* Name of column in child table */

    pLeft = sqlite4Expr(db, TK_REGISTER, 0);
    if( pLeft ){
      /* Set the collation sequence and affinity of the LHS of each TK_EQ
      ** expression to the parent key column defaults.  */

      Column *pCol;
      iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
      pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
      pLeft->iTable = regData+iCol;
      pLeft->affinity = pCol->affinity;
      pLeft->pColl = sqlite4LocateCollSeq(pParse, pCol->zColl);




    }
    iCol = aiCol ? aiCol[i] : pFKey->aCol[0].iFrom;
    assert( iCol>=0 );
    zCol = pFKey->pFrom->aCol[iCol].zName;
    pRight = sqlite4Expr(db, TK_ID, zCol);
    pEq = sqlite4PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pLeft, pRight, 0);
    pWhere = sqlite4ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pEq);
................................................................................
  /* Resolve the references in the WHERE clause. */
  memset(&sNameContext, 0, sizeof(NameContext));
  sNameContext.pSrcList = pSrc;
  sNameContext.pParse = pParse;
  sqlite4ResolveExprNames(&sNameContext, pWhere);

  /* Create VDBE to loop through the entries in pSrc that match the WHERE
  ** clause. For each row found, increment the relevant constraint counter
  ** by nIncr.  */

  pWInfo = sqlite4WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0);
  if( nIncr>0 && pFKey->isDeferred==0 ){
    sqlite4ParseToplevel(pParse)->mayAbort = 1;
  }
  sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
  if( pWInfo ){
    sqlite4WhereEnd(pWInfo);
................................................................................
  }
}

#define COLUMN_MASK(x) (((x)>31) ? 0xffffffff : ((u32)1<<(x)))

/*
** This function is called before generating code to update or delete a 
** row contained in table pTab. 
*/
u32 sqlite4FkOldmask(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab                     /* Table being modified */
){
  u32 mask = 0;
  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
................................................................................
** If any foreign key processing will be required, this function returns
** true. If there is no foreign key related processing, this function 
** returns false.
*/
int sqlite4FkRequired(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being modified */
  int *aChange                    /* Non-NULL for UPDATE operations */

){
  if( pParse->db->flags&SQLITE_ForeignKeys ){
    if( !aChange ){
      /* A DELETE operation. Foreign key processing is required if the 
      ** table in question is either the child or parent table for any 
      ** foreign key constraint.  */
      return (sqlite4FkReferences(pTab) || pTab->pFKey);

              pTabList, 0, pColumn->a[i].zName);
        pParse->checkSchema = 1;
        goto insert_cleanup;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
  }

  /* If this is not a view, open a write cursor on each index. Allocate
  ** a contiguous array of (nIdx+1) registers, where nIdx is the total
  ** number of indexes (including the PRIMARY KEY index). 
  **
  **   Register aRegIdx[0]:         The PRIMARY KEY index key
  **   Register aRegIdx[1..nIdx-1]: Keys for other table indexes 
  **   Register aRegIdx[nIdx]:      Data record for table row.
................................................................................
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, baseCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
      appendFlag = 1;
    }
    autoIncStep(pParse, regAutoinc, regRowid);
#endif

    /* Push onto the stack, data for all columns of the new entry, beginning
    ** with the first column.
    */
    nHidden = 0;
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      int iRegStore = regContent + i;
      if( pColumn==0 ){
        if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ){
          assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
          j = -1;
................................................................................
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, iRegStore); 
      }else if( pSelect ){
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+j, iRegStore);
      }else{
        sqlite4ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, iRegStore);
      }
    }




    /* Generate code to check constraints and generate index keys and
    ** do the insertion.
    */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite4GetVTable(db, pTab);
................................................................................
      sqlite4MayAbort(pParse);
    }else
#endif
    {
      int isReplace;    /* Set to true if constraints may cause a replace */

      sqlite4GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 
          regContent, aRegIdx, keyColumn>=0, 0, onError, endOfLoop, &isReplace
      );

      sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regContent);

      sqlite4CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 
          regContent, aRegIdx, 0, appendFlag, isReplace==0
      );
    }
  }

  /* Update the count of rows that are inserted
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0 ){
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
  }

  if( pTrigger ){
    /* Code AFTER triggers */
    sqlite4CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
        pTab, regData-2-pTab->nCol, onError, endOfLoop);
  }

  /* The bottom of the main insertion loop, if the data source
................................................................................
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
    sqlite4AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite4NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->nested && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
    sqlite4VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite4VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows inserted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

insert_cleanup:
  sqlite4SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
  sqlite4ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  sqlite4SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  sqlite4IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
  sqlite4DbFree(db, aRegIdx);
}
................................................................................
*/
void sqlite4GenerateConstraintChecks(
  Parse *pParse,      /* The parser context */
  Table *pTab,        /* the table into which we are inserting */
  int baseCur,        /* First in array of cursors for pTab indexes */
  int regContent,     /* Index of the range of input registers */
  int *aRegIdx,       /* Register used by each index.  0 for unused indices */

  int rowidChng,      /* True if the rowid might collide with existing entry */

  int isUpdate,       /* True for UPDATE, False for INSERT */

  int overrideError,  /* Override onError to this if not OE_Default */
  int ignoreDest,     /* Jump to this label on an OE_Ignore resolution */
  int *pbMayReplace   /* OUT: Set to true if constraint may cause a replace */
){
  u8 aPkRoot[10];                 /* Root page number for pPk as a varint */ 
  int nPkRoot;                    /* Size of aPkRoot in bytes */
  Index *pPk;                     /* Primary key index for table pTab */
................................................................................
    /* If Index.onError==OE_None, then pIdx is not a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY 
    ** index. In this case there is no need to test the index for uniqueness
    ** - all that is required is to populate the aRegIdx[iCur] register. Jump 
    ** to the next iteration of the loop if this is the case.  */
    onError = pIdx->onError;
    if( onError!=OE_None ){
      int iTest;                  /* Address of OP_IsUnique instruction */

      int regOut = 0;

      /* Figure out what to do if a UNIQUE constraint is encountered. 
      **
      ** TODO: If a previous constraint is a REPLACE, why change IGNORE to
      ** REPLACE and FAIL to ABORT here?  */
      if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
        onError = overrideError;
................................................................................
      }

      if( onError==OE_Replace ){
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Blob, nPkRoot, regPk, 0);
        sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aPkRoot, nPkRoot);
        regOut = regPk;
      }



      iTest = sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IsUnique, baseCur+iCur, 0, aRegIdx[iCur]);
      sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regOut), P4_INT32);
      
      switch( onError ){
        case OE_Rollback:
        case OE_Abort:
        case OE_Fail: {
................................................................................
          seenReplace = 1;
          break;
        }
      }

      /* If the OP_IsUnique passes (no constraint violation) jump here */
      sqlite4VdbeJumpHere(v, iTest);

    }

    sqlite4ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTmp, nTmpReg);
  }
  
  if( pbMayReplace ){
    *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
................................................................................
  ** the extra complication to make this rule less restrictive is probably
  ** not worth the effort.  Ticket [6284df89debdfa61db8073e062908af0c9b6118e]
  */
  if( (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys)!=0 && pDest->pFKey!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
#endif
  if( (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0 ){
    return 0;  /* xfer opt does not play well with PRAGMA count_changes */
  }

  /* If we get this far, it means that the xfer optimization is at
  ** least a possibility, though it might only work if the destination
  ** table (tab1) is initially empty.
  */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  sqlite4_xferopt_count++;

              pTabList, 0, pColumn->a[i].zName);
        pParse->checkSchema = 1;
        goto insert_cleanup;
      }
    }
  }








  /* If this is not a view, open a write cursor on each index. Allocate
  ** a contiguous array of (nIdx+1) registers, where nIdx is the total
  ** number of indexes (including the PRIMARY KEY index). 
  **
  **   Register aRegIdx[0]:         The PRIMARY KEY index key
  **   Register aRegIdx[1..nIdx-1]: Keys for other table indexes 
  **   Register aRegIdx[nIdx]:      Data record for table row.
................................................................................
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NewRowid, baseCur, regRowid, regAutoinc);
      appendFlag = 1;
    }
    autoIncStep(pParse, regAutoinc, regRowid);
#endif

    /* Push onto the stack, data for all columns of the new entry, beginning
    ** with the first column.  */

    nHidden = 0;
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      int iRegStore = regContent + i;
      if( pColumn==0 ){
        if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[i]) ){
          assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
          j = -1;
................................................................................
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, iRegStore); 
      }else if( pSelect ){
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regFromSelect+j, iRegStore);
      }else{
        sqlite4ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, iRegStore);
      }
    }

    sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regContent, pTab->nCol);
    sqlite4TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);

    /* Generate code to check constraints and generate index keys and
    ** do the insertion.
    */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite4GetVTable(db, pTab);
................................................................................
      sqlite4MayAbort(pParse);
    }else
#endif
    {
      int isReplace;    /* Set to true if constraints may cause a replace */

      sqlite4GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 
          regContent, aRegIdx, 0, 0, onError, endOfLoop, &isReplace
      );

      sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regContent);

      sqlite4CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, baseCur, 
          regContent, aRegIdx, 0, appendFlag, isReplace==0
      );
    }
  }







  if( pTrigger ){
    /* Code AFTER triggers */
    sqlite4CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
        pTab, regData-2-pTab->nCol, onError, endOfLoop);
  }

  /* The bottom of the main insertion loop, if the data source
................................................................................
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
    sqlite4AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }












insert_cleanup:
  sqlite4SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
  sqlite4ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  sqlite4SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  sqlite4IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
  sqlite4DbFree(db, aRegIdx);
}
................................................................................
*/
void sqlite4GenerateConstraintChecks(
  Parse *pParse,      /* The parser context */
  Table *pTab,        /* the table into which we are inserting */
  int baseCur,        /* First in array of cursors for pTab indexes */
  int regContent,     /* Index of the range of input registers */
  int *aRegIdx,       /* Register used by each index.  0 for unused indices */


  int regOldKey,      /* For an update, the original encoded PK */
  int isUpdate,       /* True for UPDATE, False for INSERT */

  int overrideError,  /* Override onError to this if not OE_Default */
  int ignoreDest,     /* Jump to this label on an OE_Ignore resolution */
  int *pbMayReplace   /* OUT: Set to true if constraint may cause a replace */
){
  u8 aPkRoot[10];                 /* Root page number for pPk as a varint */ 
  int nPkRoot;                    /* Size of aPkRoot in bytes */
  Index *pPk;                     /* Primary key index for table pTab */
................................................................................
    /* If Index.onError==OE_None, then pIdx is not a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY 
    ** index. In this case there is no need to test the index for uniqueness
    ** - all that is required is to populate the aRegIdx[iCur] register. Jump 
    ** to the next iteration of the loop if this is the case.  */
    onError = pIdx->onError;
    if( onError!=OE_None ){
      int iTest;                  /* Address of OP_IsUnique instruction */
      int iTest2 = 0;             /* Address of OP_Eq instruction */
      int regOut = 0;             /* PK of row to replace */

      /* Figure out what to do if a UNIQUE constraint is encountered. 
      **
      ** TODO: If a previous constraint is a REPLACE, why change IGNORE to
      ** REPLACE and FAIL to ABORT here?  */
      if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
        onError = overrideError;
................................................................................
      }

      if( onError==OE_Replace ){
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Blob, nPkRoot, regPk, 0);
        sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, aPkRoot, nPkRoot);
        regOut = regPk;
      }
      if( regOldKey && pIdx==pPk ){
        iTest2 = sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regOldKey, 0, aRegIdx[iCur]);
      }
      iTest = sqlite4VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IsUnique, baseCur+iCur, 0, aRegIdx[iCur]);
      sqlite4VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regOut), P4_INT32);
      
      switch( onError ){
        case OE_Rollback:
        case OE_Abort:
        case OE_Fail: {
................................................................................
          seenReplace = 1;
          break;
        }
      }

      /* If the OP_IsUnique passes (no constraint violation) jump here */
      sqlite4VdbeJumpHere(v, iTest);
      if( iTest2 ) sqlite4VdbeJumpHere(v, iTest2);
    }

    sqlite4ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTmp, nTmpReg);
  }
  
  if( pbMayReplace ){
    *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
................................................................................
  ** the extra complication to make this rule less restrictive is probably
  ** not worth the effort.  Ticket [6284df89debdfa61db8073e062908af0c9b6118e]
  */
  if( (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_ForeignKeys)!=0 && pDest->pFKey!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
#endif




  /* If we get this far, it means that the xfer optimization is at
  ** least a possibility, though it might only work if the destination
  ** table (tab1) is initially empty.
  */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  sqlite4_xferopt_count++;

    *ppParent = 0;
    pBalance = pOld->pUp;
  }else if( pOld->pBefore && pOld->pAfter ){
    KVMemNode *pX;                /* Smallest node that is larger than pOld */
    KVMemNode *pY;                /* Left-hand child of pOld */
    pX = kvmemFirst(pOld->pAfter);
    assert( pX->pBefore==0 );



    *kvmemFromPtr(pX, 0) = pX->pAfter;
    if( pX->pAfter ) pX->pAfter->pUp = pX->pUp;
    pBalance = pX->pUp;
    pX->pAfter = pOld->pAfter;
    if( pX->pAfter ){
      pX->pAfter->pUp = pX;
    }else{
      assert( pBalance==pOld );
      pBalance = pX;

    }
    pX->pBefore = pY = pOld->pBefore;
    if( pY ) pY->pUp = pX;
    pX->pUp = pOld->pUp;
    *ppParent = pX;
  }else if( pOld->pBefore==0 ){
    *ppParent = pBalance = pOld->pAfter;
    pBalance->pUp = pOld->pUp;
  }else if( pOld->pAfter==0 ){
    *ppParent = pBalance = pOld->pBefore;
    pBalance->pUp = pOld->pUp;
  }

  p->pRoot = kvmemBalance(pBalance);

  kvmemNodeUnref(pOld);
}

/*
** End of low-level access routines
***************************************************************************
** Interface routines follow

    *ppParent = 0;
    pBalance = pOld->pUp;
  }else if( pOld->pBefore && pOld->pAfter ){
    KVMemNode *pX;                /* Smallest node that is larger than pOld */
    KVMemNode *pY;                /* Left-hand child of pOld */
    pX = kvmemFirst(pOld->pAfter);
    assert( pX->pBefore==0 );
    if( pX==pOld->pAfter ){
      pBalance = pX;
    }else{
      *kvmemFromPtr(pX, 0) = pX->pAfter;
      if( pX->pAfter ) pX->pAfter->pUp = pX->pUp;
      pBalance = pX->pUp;
      pX->pAfter = pOld->pAfter;
      if( pX->pAfter ){
        pX->pAfter->pUp = pX;
      }else{
        assert( pBalance==pOld );
        pBalance = pX;
      }
    }
    pX->pBefore = pY = pOld->pBefore;
    if( pY ) pY->pUp = pX;
    pX->pUp = pOld->pUp;
    *ppParent = pX;
  }else if( pOld->pBefore==0 ){
    *ppParent = pBalance = pOld->pAfter;
    pBalance->pUp = pOld->pUp;
  }else if( pOld->pAfter==0 ){
    *ppParent = pBalance = pOld->pBefore;
    pBalance->pUp = pOld->pUp;
  }
  assertUpPointers(p->pRoot);
  p->pRoot = kvmemBalance(pBalance);
  assertUpPointers(p->pRoot);
  kvmemNodeUnref(pOld);
}

/*
** End of low-level access routines
***************************************************************************
** Interface routines follow

** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is 
** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  void sqlite4FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
  void sqlite4FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
  void sqlite4FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int);
  int sqlite4FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*, int);
  u32 sqlite4FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
  FKey *sqlite4FkReferences(Table *);
#else
  #define sqlite4FkActions(a,b,c,d)
  #define sqlite4FkCheck(a,b,c,d)
  #define sqlite4FkDropTable(a,b,c)
  #define sqlite4FkOldmask(a,b)      0
  #define sqlite4FkRequired(a,b,c,d) 0
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
  void sqlite4FkDelete(sqlite4 *, Table*);
#else
  #define sqlite4FkDelete(a,b)
#endif

** this case foreign keys are parsed, but no other functionality is 
** provided (enforcement of FK constraints requires the triggers sub-system).
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  void sqlite4FkCheck(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
  void sqlite4FkDropTable(Parse*, SrcList *, Table*);
  void sqlite4FkActions(Parse*, Table*, ExprList*, int);
  int sqlite4FkRequired(Parse*, Table*, int*);
  u32 sqlite4FkOldmask(Parse*, Table*);
  FKey *sqlite4FkReferences(Table *);
#else
  #define sqlite4FkActions(a,b,c,d)
  #define sqlite4FkCheck(a,b,c,d)
  #define sqlite4FkDropTable(a,b,c)
  #define sqlite4FkOldmask(a,b)      0
  #define sqlite4FkRequired(a,b,c) 0
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
  void sqlite4FkDelete(sqlite4 *, Table*);
#else
  #define sqlite4FkDelete(a,b)
#endif

  int nIdx;              /* Number of indices that need updating */
  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number of pTab */
  sqlite4 *db;           /* The database structure */
  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* One register assigned to each index to be updated */
  int *aXRef = 0;        /* aXRef[i] is the index in pChanges->a[] of the
                         ** an expression for the i-th column of the table.
                         ** aXRef[i]==-1 if the i-th column is not changed. */
  int chngRowid;         /* True if the record number is being changed */
  Expr *pRowidExpr = 0;  /* Expression defining the new record number */
  AuthContext sContext;  /* The authorization context */
  NameContext sNC;       /* The name-context to resolve expressions in */
  int iDb;               /* Database containing the table being updated */
  int okOnePass;         /* True for one-pass algorithm without the FIFO */
  int hasFK;             /* True if foreign key processing is required */

................................................................................
                       pWhere, onError);
    pWhere = 0;
    pSrc = 0;
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
#endif

  hasFK = sqlite4FkRequired(pParse, pTab, aXRef, chngRowid);

  /* Allocate memory for the array aRegIdx[].  There is one entry in the
  ** array for each index associated with table being updated.  Fill in
  ** the value with a register number for indices that are to be used
  ** and with zero for unused indices.  */
  for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){}
  aRegIdx = sqlite4DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Index*) * nIdx );
................................................................................
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( aXRef[i]<0 || oldmask==0xffffffff || (i<32 && (oldmask & (1<<i))) ){
        sqlite4ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, i, regOld+i);
      }else{
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOld+i);
      }
    }

    if( chngRowid==0 ){
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regOldKey, regNewRowid);
    }

  }

  /* Populate the array of registers beginning at regNew with the new
  ** row data. This array is used to check constaints, create the new
  ** table and index records, and as the values for any new.* references
  ** made by triggers.
  **
................................................................................
      }
    }
  }

  if( !isView ){
    int j1;                       /* Address of jump instruction */


    /* Do constraint checks. */
    assert( bChngPk==0 || bImplicitPk==0 );
    if( bChngPk==0 ) aRegIdx[iPk] = 0;
    sqlite4GenerateConstraintChecks(
        pParse, pTab, iCur, regNew, aRegIdx, 0, 1, onError, addr, 0
    );
    if( bChngPk==0 ) aRegIdx[iPk] = regOldKey;

    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
    if( hasFK ){
      sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOldKey, 0);
    }

    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
    j1 = sqlite4VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_NotFound, iCur+iPk, 0, regOldKey, 0, P4_INT32);
    sqlite4GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);
  
    /* Delete the old record */
    if( hasFK || bChngPk ){
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
    }
    sqlite4VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

    if( hasFK ){
      sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regNewRowid);
    }
  
    /* Insert the new index entries and the new record. */
    sqlite4CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNew, aRegIdx, 1, 0, 0);

    /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
    ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key

  int nIdx;              /* Number of indices that need updating */
  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number of pTab */
  sqlite4 *db;           /* The database structure */
  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* One register assigned to each index to be updated */
  int *aXRef = 0;        /* aXRef[i] is the index in pChanges->a[] of the
                         ** an expression for the i-th column of the table.
                         ** aXRef[i]==-1 if the i-th column is not changed. */

  Expr *pRowidExpr = 0;  /* Expression defining the new record number */
  AuthContext sContext;  /* The authorization context */
  NameContext sNC;       /* The name-context to resolve expressions in */
  int iDb;               /* Database containing the table being updated */
  int okOnePass;         /* True for one-pass algorithm without the FIFO */
  int hasFK;             /* True if foreign key processing is required */

................................................................................
                       pWhere, onError);
    pWhere = 0;
    pSrc = 0;
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
#endif

  hasFK = sqlite4FkRequired(pParse, pTab, aXRef);

  /* Allocate memory for the array aRegIdx[].  There is one entry in the
  ** array for each index associated with table being updated.  Fill in
  ** the value with a register number for indices that are to be used
  ** and with zero for unused indices.  */
  for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){}
  aRegIdx = sqlite4DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Index*) * nIdx );
................................................................................
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( aXRef[i]<0 || oldmask==0xffffffff || (i<32 && (oldmask & (1<<i))) ){
        sqlite4ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, i, regOld+i);
      }else{
        sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOld+i);
      }
    }
#if 0
    if( chngRowid==0 ){
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regOldKey, regNewRowid);
    }
#endif
  }

  /* Populate the array of registers beginning at regNew with the new
  ** row data. This array is used to check constaints, create the new
  ** table and index records, and as the values for any new.* references
  ** made by triggers.
  **
................................................................................
      }
    }
  }

  if( !isView ){
    int j1;                       /* Address of jump instruction */


    /* Do constraint checks. */
    assert( bChngPk==0 || bImplicitPk==0 );
    if( bChngPk==0 ) aRegIdx[iPk] = 0;
    sqlite4GenerateConstraintChecks(
        pParse, pTab, iCur, regNew, aRegIdx, regOldKey, 1, onError, addr, 0
    );
    if( bChngPk==0 ) aRegIdx[iPk] = regOldKey;

    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
    if( hasFK ){
      sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOld, 0);
    }

    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
    j1 = sqlite4VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_NotFound, iCur+iPk, 0, regOldKey, 0, P4_INT32);
    sqlite4GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);
  
    /* Delete the old record */
    if( hasFK || bChngPk ){
      sqlite4VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
    }
    sqlite4VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

    if( hasFK ){
      sqlite4FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regNew);
    }
  
    /* Insert the new index entries and the new record. */
    sqlite4CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNew, aRegIdx, 1, 0, 0);

    /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
    ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key

** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** memory cell in the range.
*/
case OP_Affinity: {
  const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
  char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */


  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( zAffinity!=0 );
  assert( zAffinity[pOp->p2]==0 );

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  while( (cAff = *(zAffinity++))!=0 ){
    assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );

    applyAffinity(pIn1, cAff, encoding);
    pIn1++;

  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: MakeIdxKey P1 P2 P3 * P5
**
** P1 is an open cursor. P2 is the first register in a contiguous array
** of N registers containing values to encode into a database key. Normally,
................................................................................
*/
case OP_MakeIdxKey: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  Mem *pData0;                    /* First in array of input registers */
  u8 *aRec;                       /* The constructed database key */
  int nRec;                       /* Size of aRec[] in bytes */

  
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
  pData0 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  aRec = 0;

  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);

  assert( pOp->p5==0 );
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
    db, pData0, pKeyInfo->nField, pC->iRoot, pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, 0
  );

  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
  }else{
    rc = sqlite4VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, aRec, nRec, 0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
................................................................................
      sqlite4VdbeMemExpandBlob(pMem);
    }
  }

  /* Compute the key (if this is a MakeKey opcode) */
  if( pC ){
    aRec = 0;
    rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, pData0, nField, pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo,
                              &aRec, &nRec, 0);

    if( rc ){
      sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
    }else{
      rc = sqlite4VdbeMemSetStr(pKeyOut, aRec, nRec, 0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
      REGISTER_TRACE(keyReg, pKeyOut);
      UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pKeyOut);
    }
................................................................................
  }

  else if( bAutoCommit==0 ){
    db->autoCommit = 0;
  }else{
    if( bRollback ){
      sqlite4RollbackAll(db);
    }else if( sqlite4VdbeCheckFk(p, 1) ){

      goto vdbe_return;
    }

    db->autoCommit = 1;
    sqlite4VdbeHalt(p);


  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Transaction P1 P2 * * *
**
................................................................................
  if( pOp->p2==0 ){
    /* Read transaction needed.  Start if we are not already in one. */
    if( pKV->iTransLevel==0 ){
      rc = sqlite4KVStoreBegin(pKV, 1);
    }
  }else{
    /* A write transaction is needed */
    needStmt = pKV->iTransLevel>0 && (p->needSavepoint || db->activeVdbeCnt>1);
    if( pKV->iTransLevel<2 ){
      rc = sqlite4KVStoreBegin(pKV, 2);
    }else if( p->needSavepoint ){


      rc = sqlite4KVStoreBegin(pKV, pKV->iTransLevel+1);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        p->stmtTransMask |= ((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p1;
      }
    }
  }
  break;
................................................................................
    nProbe = pIn3->n;
    pFree = 0;
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite4KVCursorSeek(pC->pKVCur, pProbe, nProbe, +1);
    if( rc==SQLITE_INEXACT || rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite4KVCursorKey(pC->pKVCur, &pKey, &nKey);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nKey>=nProbe && memcmp(pKey, pProbe, nKey)==0 ){
        alreadyExists = 1;
        pC->nullRow = 0;
      }
    }else if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ){
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** memory cell in the range.
*/
case OP_Affinity: {
  const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
  char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */
  Mem *pEnd;

  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( zAffinity!=0 );
  assert( sqlite4Strlen30(zAffinity)>=pOp->p2 );

  pEnd = &aMem[pOp->p2+pOp->p1];

  for(pIn1=&aMem[pOp->p1]; pIn1<pEnd; pIn1++){
    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
    memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
    applyAffinity(pIn1, *(zAffinity++), encoding);

    REGISTER_TRACE(pIn1-aMem, pIn1);
  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: MakeIdxKey P1 P2 P3 * P5
**
** P1 is an open cursor. P2 is the first register in a contiguous array
** of N registers containing values to encode into a database key. Normally,
................................................................................
*/
case OP_MakeIdxKey: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  Mem *pData0;                    /* First in array of input registers */
  u8 *aRec;                       /* The constructed database key */
  int nRec;                       /* Size of aRec[] in bytes */
  int nField;                     /* Number of fields in encoded record */
  
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
  pData0 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  aRec = 0;

  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);

  nField = pKeyInfo->nField - (pOp->p5 ? pKeyInfo->nPK : 0);
  rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(
    db, pData0, nField, pC->iRoot, pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, 0
  );

  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
  }else{
    rc = sqlite4VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, aRec, nRec, 0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
................................................................................
      sqlite4VdbeMemExpandBlob(pMem);
    }
  }

  /* Compute the key (if this is a MakeKey opcode) */
  if( pC ){
    aRec = 0;
    rc = sqlite4VdbeEncodeKey(db, 
        pData0, pC->pKeyInfo->nField, pC->iRoot, pC->pKeyInfo, &aRec, &nRec, 0
    );
    if( rc ){
      sqlite4DbFree(db, aRec);
    }else{
      rc = sqlite4VdbeMemSetStr(pKeyOut, aRec, nRec, 0, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
      REGISTER_TRACE(keyReg, pKeyOut);
      UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pKeyOut);
    }
................................................................................
  }

  else if( bAutoCommit==0 ){
    db->autoCommit = 0;
  }else{
    if( bRollback ){
      sqlite4RollbackAll(db);
    }else if( rc = sqlite4VdbeCheckFk(p, 1) ){
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      goto vdbe_return;
    }

    db->autoCommit = 1;
    sqlite4VdbeHalt(p);
    rc = (p->rc ? SQLITE_DONE : SQLITE_ERROR);
    goto vdbe_return;
  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Transaction P1 P2 * * *
**
................................................................................
  if( pOp->p2==0 ){
    /* Read transaction needed.  Start if we are not already in one. */
    if( pKV->iTransLevel==0 ){
      rc = sqlite4KVStoreBegin(pKV, 1);
    }
  }else{
    /* A write transaction is needed */
    needStmt = db->autoCommit==0 && (p->needSavepoint || db->activeVdbeCnt>1);
    if( pKV->iTransLevel<2 ){
      rc = sqlite4KVStoreBegin(pKV, 2);

    }
    if( needStmt ){
      rc = sqlite4KVStoreBegin(pKV, pKV->iTransLevel+1);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        p->stmtTransMask |= ((yDbMask)1)<<pOp->p1;
      }
    }
  }
  break;
................................................................................
    nProbe = pIn3->n;
    pFree = 0;
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite4KVCursorSeek(pC->pKVCur, pProbe, nProbe, +1);
    if( rc==SQLITE_INEXACT || rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite4KVCursorKey(pC->pKVCur, &pKey, &nKey);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && nKey>=nProbe && memcmp(pKey, pProbe, nProbe)==0 ){
        alreadyExists = 1;
        pC->nullRow = 0;
      }
    }else if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ){
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

  int *pnShort                 /* Number of bytes without the primary key */
){
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  KeyEncoder x;
  u8 *so;
  int iShort;
  int nField;
  CollSeq **aColl;
  CollSeq *xColl;
  static const CollSeq defaultColl;




  x.db = db;
  x.aOut = 0;
  x.nOut = 0;
  x.nAlloc = 0;
  *paOut = 0;
  *pnOut = 0;

  if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(&x, (nIn+1)*10) ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  x.nOut = sqlite4PutVarint64(x.aOut, iTabno);
  if( pKeyInfo ){
    nField = pKeyInfo->nField;
    iShort = nField - pKeyInfo->nPK;
    aColl = pKeyInfo->aColl;
    so = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder;
  }else{
    nField = 1;
    iShort = 0;
    xColl = &defaultColl;
    aColl = &xColl;
    so = 0;
  }
  for(i=0; i<nField && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = encodeOneKeyValue(&x, aIn+i, so ? so[i] : SQLITE_SO_ASC, aColl[i]);
    if( pnShort && i+1==iShort ) *pnShort = x.nOut;
  }
  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, x.aOut);
  }else{
    *paOut = x.aOut;

  int *pnShort                 /* Number of bytes without the primary key */
){
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  KeyEncoder x;
  u8 *so;
  int iShort;

  CollSeq **aColl;
  CollSeq *xColl;
  static const CollSeq defaultColl;

  assert( pKeyInfo );
  assert( nIn<=pKeyInfo->nField );

  x.db = db;
  x.aOut = 0;
  x.nOut = 0;
  x.nAlloc = 0;
  *paOut = 0;
  *pnOut = 0;

  if( enlargeEncoderAllocation(&x, (nIn+1)*10) ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  x.nOut = sqlite4PutVarint64(x.aOut, iTabno);


  iShort = pKeyInfo->nField - pKeyInfo->nPK;
  aColl = pKeyInfo->aColl;
  so = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder;







  for(i=0; i<nIn && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = encodeOneKeyValue(&x, aIn+i, so ? so[i] : SQLITE_SO_ASC, aColl[i]);
    if( pnShort && i+1==iShort ) *pnShort = x.nOut;
  }
  if( rc ){
    sqlite4DbFree(db, x.aOut);
  }else{
    *paOut = x.aOut;

  }
  execsql {
    SELECT count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM t1;
  }
} {50 1 51}
do_test conflict-7.2 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA count_changes=on;
    UPDATE OR IGNORE t1 SET a=1000;
  }
} {1}
do_test conflict-7.2.1 {
  db changes
} {1}
do_test conflict-7.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE +a=1000;
  }
................................................................................
do_test conflict-7.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
  }
} {50}
do_test conflict-7.5 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA count_changes=on;
    UPDATE OR REPLACE t1 SET a=1001;
  }
} {50}
do_test conflict-7.5.1 {
  db changes
} {50}
do_test conflict-7.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE +a=1001;
  }
................................................................................
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM t1;
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2);
  }
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 VALUES(2,3);
  }
} {1}
do_test conflict-8.1.1 {
  db changes
} {1}
do_test conflict-8.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 VALUES(2,4);
  }
} {0}
do_test conflict-8.2.1 {
  db changes
} {0}
do_test conflict-8.3 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR REPLACE INTO t1 VALUES(2,4);
  }
} {1}
do_test conflict-8.3.1 {
  db changes
} {1}
do_test conflict-8.4 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t1;
  }
} {0}
do_test conflict-8.4.1 {
  db changes
} {0}
do_test conflict-8.5 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT a+2,b+2 FROM t1;
  }
} {2}
do_test conflict-8.5.1 {
  db changes
} {2}
do_test conflict-8.6 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT a+3,b+3 FROM t1;
  }
} {3}
do_test conflict-8.6.1 {
  db changes
} {3}

integrity_check conflict-8.99

do_test conflict-9.1 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA count_changes=0;
    CREATE TABLE t2(
      a INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT IGNORE,
      b INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT FAIL,
      c INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT REPLACE,
      d INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT ABORT,
      e INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT ROLLBACK
    );

  }
  execsql {
    SELECT count(*), min(a), max(b) FROM t1;
  }
} {50 1 51}
do_test conflict-7.2 {
  execsql {

    UPDATE OR IGNORE t1 SET a=1000;
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-7.2.1 {
  db changes
} {1}
do_test conflict-7.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE +a=1000;
  }
................................................................................
do_test conflict-7.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
  }
} {50}
do_test conflict-7.5 {
  execsql {

    UPDATE OR REPLACE t1 SET a=1001;
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-7.5.1 {
  db changes
} {50}
do_test conflict-7.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE +a=1001;
  }
................................................................................
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM t1;
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2);
  }
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 VALUES(2,3);
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-8.1.1 {
  db changes
} {1}
do_test conflict-8.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 VALUES(2,4);
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-8.2.1 {
  db changes
} {0}
do_test conflict-8.3 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR REPLACE INTO t1 VALUES(2,4);
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-8.3.1 {
  db changes
} {1}
do_test conflict-8.4 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t1;
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-8.4.1 {
  db changes
} {0}
do_test conflict-8.5 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT a+2,b+2 FROM t1;
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-8.5.1 {
  db changes
} {2}
do_test conflict-8.6 {
  execsql {
    INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT a+3,b+3 FROM t1;
  }
} {}
do_test conflict-8.6.1 {
  db changes
} {3}

integrity_check conflict-8.99

do_test conflict-9.1 {
  execsql {

    CREATE TABLE t2(
      a INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT IGNORE,
      b INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT FAIL,
      c INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT REPLACE,
      d INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT ABORT,
      e INTEGER UNIQUE ON CONFLICT ROLLBACK
    );

}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test structure:
#
# fkey2-1.*: Simple tests to check that immediate and deferred foreign key 
#            constraints work when not inside a transaction.
#            
# fkey2-2.*: Tests to verify that deferred foreign keys work inside
#            explicit transactions (i.e that processing really is deferred).
#
# fkey2-3.*: Tests that a statement transaction is rolled back if an
#            immediate foreign key constraint is violated.
#
# fkey2-4.*: Test that FK actions may recurse even when recursive triggers
#            are disabled.
................................................................................
  4.9  "UPDATE t8 SET c=1 WHERE d=4"      {0 {}}
  4.10 "UPDATE t8 SET c=NULL WHERE d=4"   {0 {}}
  4.11 "DELETE FROM t7 WHERE b=1"         {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.12 "UPDATE t7 SET b = 2"              {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.13 "UPDATE t7 SET b = 1"              {0 {}}
  4.14 "INSERT INTO t8 VALUES('a', 'b')"  {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.15 "UPDATE t7 SET b = 5"              {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.16 "UPDATE t7 SET rowid = 5"          {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.17 "UPDATE t7 SET a = 10"             {0 {}}

  5.1  "INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(1, 3)"      {1 {no such table: main.nosuchtable}}
  5.2  "INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(1, 3)"     {1 {foreign key mismatch}}
}



do_test fkey2-1.1.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {}} $FkeySimpleSchema]
} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {
  do_test fkey2-1.1.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res
}
drop_all_tables



do_test fkey2-1.2.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED}} $FkeySimpleSchema]
} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {
  do_test fkey2-1.2.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res
}
drop_all_tables




do_test fkey2-1.3.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {}} $FkeySimpleSchema]
  execsql { PRAGMA count_changes = 1 }
} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {
  if {$res == "0 {}"} { set res {0 1} }

  do_test fkey2-1.3.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res

}
execsql { PRAGMA count_changes = 0 }
drop_all_tables




do_test fkey2-1.4.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {}} $FkeySimpleSchema]
  execsql { PRAGMA count_changes = 1 }
} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {
  if {$res == "0 {}"} { set res {0 1} }
  execsql BEGIN
  do_test fkey2-1.4.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res
  execsql COMMIT

}
execsql { PRAGMA count_changes = 0 }
drop_all_tables


# Special test: When the parent key is an IPK, make sure the affinity of
# the IPK is not applied to the child key value before it is inserted
# into the child table.
do_test fkey2-1.5.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE i(i INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
................................................................................
} {35.0 text 35 integer}
do_test fkey2-1.6.2 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM i }
} {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}

# Use a collation sequence on the parent key.
drop_all_tables

do_test fkey2-1.7.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE i(i TEXT COLLATE nocase PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE j(j TEXT COLLATE binary REFERENCES i(i));
    INSERT INTO i VALUES('SQLite');
    INSERT INTO j VALUES('sqlite');
  }
................................................................................
    parent REFERENCES node DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
  );
}

fkey2-2-test 1  0 "INSERT INTO node VALUES(1, 0)"       FKV
fkey2-2-test 2  0 "BEGIN"
fkey2-2-test 3  1   "INSERT INTO node VALUES(1, 0)"

fkey2-2-test 4  0   "UPDATE node SET parent = NULL"
fkey2-2-test 5  0 "COMMIT"
fkey2-2-test 6  0 "SELECT * FROM node" {1 {}}

fkey2-2-test 7  0 "BEGIN"
fkey2-2-test 8  1   "INSERT INTO leaf VALUES('a', 2)"
fkey2-2-test 9  1   "INSERT INTO node VALUES(2, 0)"

}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test structure:
#
# fkey2-1.*: Simple tests to check that immediate and deferred foreign key 
#            constraints work when not inside a transaction.


#            explicit transactions (i.e that processing really is deferred).
#
# fkey2-3.*: Tests that a statement transaction is rolled back if an
#            immediate foreign key constraint is violated.
#
# fkey2-4.*: Test that FK actions may recurse even when recursive triggers
#            are disabled.
................................................................................
  4.9  "UPDATE t8 SET c=1 WHERE d=4"      {0 {}}
  4.10 "UPDATE t8 SET c=NULL WHERE d=4"   {0 {}}
  4.11 "DELETE FROM t7 WHERE b=1"         {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.12 "UPDATE t7 SET b = 2"              {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.13 "UPDATE t7 SET b = 1"              {0 {}}
  4.14 "INSERT INTO t8 VALUES('a', 'b')"  {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}
  4.15 "UPDATE t7 SET b = 5"              {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}

  4.17 "UPDATE t7 SET a = 10"             {0 {}}

  5.1  "INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(1, 3)"      {1 {no such table: main.nosuchtable}}
  5.2  "INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(1, 3)"     {1 {foreign key mismatch}}
}

# Run the simple tests with all FK constraints immediate.
#
do_test fkey2-1.1.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {}} $FkeySimpleSchema]
} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {
  do_test fkey2-1.1.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res
}
drop_all_tables

# Run the simple tests with all FK constraints deferred.
#
do_test fkey2-1.2.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED}} $FkeySimpleSchema]
} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {
  do_test fkey2-1.2.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res
}
drop_all_tables

# Run the simple tests with all FK constraints immediate. Put a 
# BEGIN/COMMIT block around each write to the database.
#
do_test fkey2-1.3.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {}} $FkeySimpleSchema]

} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {

  execsql BEGIN
  do_test fkey2-1.3.$tn { catchsql $zSql } $res
  execsql COMMIT
}

drop_all_tables

# Run the simple tests with all FK constraints deferred. Put a 
# BEGIN/COMMIT block around each write to the database.
#
do_test fkey2-1.4.0 {
  execsql [string map {/D/ {}} $FkeySimpleSchema]

} {}
foreach {tn zSql res} $FkeySimpleTests {


  do_test fkey2-1.4.$tn { catchsql "BEGIN; $zSql; COMMIT;" } $res

  catchsql commit
}

drop_all_tables


# Special test: When the parent key is an IPK, make sure the affinity of
# the IPK is not applied to the child key value before it is inserted
# into the child table.
do_test fkey2-1.5.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE i(i INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
................................................................................
} {35.0 text 35 integer}
do_test fkey2-1.6.2 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM i }
} {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}

# Use a collation sequence on the parent key.
drop_all_tables
puts "src4: the following requires collation support"
do_test fkey2-1.7.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE i(i TEXT COLLATE nocase PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE j(j TEXT COLLATE binary REFERENCES i(i));
    INSERT INTO i VALUES('SQLite');
    INSERT INTO j VALUES('sqlite');
  }
................................................................................
    parent REFERENCES node DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
  );
}

fkey2-2-test 1  0 "INSERT INTO node VALUES(1, 0)"       FKV
fkey2-2-test 2  0 "BEGIN"
fkey2-2-test 3  1   "INSERT INTO node VALUES(1, 0)"

fkey2-2-test 4  0   "UPDATE node SET parent = NULL"
fkey2-2-test 5  0 "COMMIT"
fkey2-2-test 6  0 "SELECT * FROM node" {1 {}}

fkey2-2-test 7  0 "BEGIN"
fkey2-2-test 8  1   "INSERT INTO leaf VALUES('a', 2)"
fkey2-2-test 9  1   "INSERT INTO node VALUES(2, 0)"

  SELECT count(*) FROM def;
} {32}

do_execsql_test 20.2 { ROLLBACK }
do_execsql_test 20.3 { SELECT count(*) FROM def } 0










































































#execsql {PRAGMA  kvdump }




















































finish_test

#proc populate_t1 {} {
#  db eval {
#    INSERT INTO t1(a, b) VALUES(4, 'four');
#    INSERT INTO t1(a, b) VALUES(9, 'nine');

  SELECT count(*) FROM def;
} {32}

do_execsql_test 20.2 { ROLLBACK }
do_execsql_test 20.3 { SELECT count(*) FROM def } 0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 21.1 {
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = on;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(c REFERENCES t1(a), d);
}

do_execsql_test 21.2 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 3);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL, 4);
}

do_catchsql_test 21.3 {
  UPDATE t2 SET c=2 WHERE d=4;
} {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 22.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x PRIMARY KEY);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc');
}

do_execsql_test 22.2 { UPDATE t1 SET x = 'abc' }
do_execsql_test 22.3 { SELECT * FROM t1 } {abc}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 23.1 {
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = on;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(c REFERENCES t1(a), d);
}
proc out {} {
  set t1 [execsql {SELECT a FROM t1}]
  set t2 [execsql {SELECT c FROM t2}]
  puts "t1: $t1       t2: $t2"
}

do_test 23.2 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 3)" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.3 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2)" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.4 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 3)" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.5 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2, 4)" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.6 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL, 4)" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.7 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; UPDATE t2 SET c=2 WHERE d=4" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.8 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; UPDATE t2 SET c=1 WHERE d=4" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.9 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; UPDATE t2 SET c=1 WHERE d=4" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.10 {
  catchsql "BEGIN; UPDATE t2 SET c=NULL WHERE d=4" ; execsql COMMIT
} {}
do_test 23.11 {
  execsql BEGIN
  catchsql "DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a=1"
  execsql COMMIT
} {}

do_catchsql_test 23.3 {
  BEGIN;
    UPDATE t1 SET a = 2;
  COMMIT;
} {1 {foreign key constraint failed}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 24.1 {
  CREATE TABLE p(x INTEGER);
  INSERT INTO p VALUES(35.0);
  SELECT typeof(x) FROM p;
} {integer}

do_execsql_test 24.2 {
  CREATE TABLE p2(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
  INSERT INTO p2 VALUES(35.0);
  SELECT typeof(x) FROM p2;
} {integer}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 25.1 {
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = on;
  CREATE TABLE p(x INT PRIMARY KEY);
  CREATE TABLE c(y REFERENCES p);
  INSERT INTO p VALUES(35);
PRAGMA vdbe_trace = 1;
  INSERT INTO c VALUES(35.0);
}
execsql { PRAGMA vdbe_trace = 0; }

explain {
  INSERT INTO c VALUES(35.0);
}
finish_test

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 26.1 {
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = on;
  CREATE TABLE p(x INT PRIMARY KEY);
  CREATE TABLE c(y REFERENCES p);
  INSERT INTO p VALUES(35.0);
  INSERT INTO c VALUES(35.0);
}

finish_test

#proc populate_t1 {} {
#  db eval {
#    INSERT INTO t1(a, b) VALUES(4, 'four');
#    INSERT INTO t1(a, b) VALUES(9, 'nine');