SQLite

  CollSeq *p4;

  p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
  p5 = binaryCompareP5(pLeft, pRight, jumpIfNull);
  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, opcode, in2, dest, in1,
                           (void*)p4, P4_COLLSEQ);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, (u8)p5);




  return addr;
}

#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
/*
** Check that argument nHeight is less than or equal to the maximum
** expression depth allowed. If it is not, leave an error message in

  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
){
  int rc;
  char *zFunc8;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
  zFunc8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zFunctionName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
  rc = sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zFunc8, nArg, eTextRep, p, xFunc, xStep, xFinal);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zFunc8);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}
#endif

  void* pCtx,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  char *zName8;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  assert( !db->mallocFailed );
  zName8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zName, -1, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
  if( zName8 ){
    rc = createCollation(db, zName8, (u8)enc, SQLITE_COLL_USER, pCtx, xCompare, 0);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName8);
  }
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;

  assert( ppStmt );
  *ppStmt = 0;
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  zSql8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zSql, nBytes, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
  if( zSql8 ){
    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, saveSqlFlag, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
  }

  if( zTail8 && pzTail ){
    /* If sqlite3_prepare returns a tail pointer, we calculate the
    ** equivalent pointer into the UTF-16 string by counting the unicode

const void *sqlite3ValueText(sqlite3_value*, u8);
int sqlite3ValueBytes(sqlite3_value*, u8);
void sqlite3ValueSetStr(sqlite3_value*, int, const void *,u8, 
                        void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
char *sqlite3Utf8to16(sqlite3 *, u8, char *, int, int *);
#endif
int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];

/*
** Convert a UTF-16 string in the native encoding into a UTF-8 string.
** Memory to hold the UTF-8 string is obtained from sqlite3_malloc and must
** be freed by the calling function.
**
** NULL is returned if there is an allocation error.
*/
char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *db, const void *z, int nByte, u8 enc){
  Mem m;
  memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
  m.db = db;
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(&m, z, nByte, enc, SQLITE_STATIC);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(&m, SQLITE_UTF8);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
    m.z = 0;
  }
  assert( (m.flags & MEM_Term)!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
  assert( (m.flags & MEM_Str)!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
  assert( (m.flags & MEM_Dyn)!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
  assert( m.z || db->mallocFailed );
  return m.z;
}

/*
** Convert a UTF-8 string to the UTF-16 encoding specified by parameter
** enc. A pointer to the new string is returned, and the value of *pnOut
** is set to the length of the returned string in bytes. The call should
** arrange to call sqlite3DbFree() on the returned pointer when it is

** do so without loss of information.  In other words, if the string
** looks like a number, convert it into a number.  If it does not
** look like a number, leave it alone.
*/
static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec){
  if( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Real|MEM_Int))==0 ){
    int realnum;
    u8 enc = pRec->enc;
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(pRec);
    if( (pRec->flags&MEM_Str) && sqlite3IsNumber(pRec->z, &realnum, enc) ){

      i64 value;
      char *zUtf8 = pRec->z;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
      if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
        assert( pRec->db );
        zUtf8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(pRec->db, pRec->z, pRec->n, enc);
        if( !zUtf8 ) return;
      }
#endif
      if( !realnum && sqlite3Atoi64(zUtf8, &value) ){
        pRec->u.i = value;
        MemSetTypeFlag(pRec, MEM_Int);
      }else{
        sqlite3AtoF(zUtf8, &pRec->r);
        MemSetTypeFlag(pRec, MEM_Real);
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
      if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
        sqlite3DbFree(pRec->db, zUtf8);
      }
#endif
    }
  }
}

/*
** Processing is determine by the affinity parameter:
**

case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */
  u16 flags1;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn1->flags */
  u16 flags3;         /* Copy of initial value of pIn3->flags */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  flags1 = pIn1->flags;
  flags3 = pIn3->flags;
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn3->flags)&MEM_Null ){
    /* One or both operands are NULL */
    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
      /* If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set (which will only happen if the operator is
      ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
      ** or not both operands are null.
      */

    pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
    pOut->u.i = res;
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  }else if( res ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }

  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
  pIn1->flags = (pIn1->flags&~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags1&MEM_TypeMask);
  pIn3->flags = (pIn3->flags&~MEM_TypeMask) | (flags3&MEM_TypeMask);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *
**
** Set the permutation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
** of integers in P4.

    } [list 0 $result]
    append sql { UNION ALL SELECT 99999999}
    do_test select7-6.2 {
      catchsql $sql
    } {1 {too many terms in compound SELECT}}
  }
}

# This block of tests verifies that bug aa92c76cd4 is fixed.
#
do_test select7-7.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t3(a REAL);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(44.0);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(56.0);
  }
} {}
do_test select7-7.2 {
  execsql {
    pragma vdbe_trace = 0;
    SELECT (CASE WHEN a=0 THEN 0 ELSE (a + 25) / 50 END) AS categ, count(*)
    FROM t3 GROUP BY categ
  }
} {1.38 1 1.62 1}
do_test select7-7.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t4(a REAL);
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES( 2.0 );
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES( 3.0 );
  }
} {}
do_test select7-7.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT (CASE WHEN a=0 THEN 'zero' ELSE a/2 END) AS t FROM t4 GROUP BY t;
  }
} {1.0 1.5}
do_test select7-7.5 {
  execsql { SELECT a=0, typeof(a) FROM t4 }
} {0 real 0 real}
do_test select7-7.6 {
  execsql { SELECT a=0, typeof(a) FROM t4 GROUP BY a }
} {0 real 0 real}

do_test select7-7.7 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t5(a TEXT, b INT);
    INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(123, 456);
    SELECT typeof(a), a FROM t5 GROUP BY a HAVING a<b;
  }
} {text 123}

finish_test