SQLite

         expr.lo fault.lo fkey.lo \
         fts3.lo fts3_aux.lo fts3_expr.lo fts3_hash.lo fts3_icu.lo \
         fts3_porter.lo fts3_snippet.lo fts3_tokenizer.lo fts3_tokenizer1.lo \
         fts3_tokenize_vtab.lo \
         fts3_unicode.lo fts3_unicode2.lo fts3_write.lo \
	 fts5.lo \
         func.lo global.lo hash.lo \
         icu.lo insert.lo json.lo legacy.lo loadext.lo \
         main.lo malloc.lo mem0.lo mem1.lo mem2.lo mem3.lo mem5.lo \
         memdb.lo memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo parse.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo sqlite3rbu.lo status.lo stmt.lo \

  $(TOP)/src/fkey.c \
  $(TOP)/src/func.c \
  $(TOP)/src/global.c \
  $(TOP)/src/hash.c \
  $(TOP)/src/hash.h \
  $(TOP)/src/hwtime.h \
  $(TOP)/src/insert.c \
  $(TOP)/src/json.c \
  $(TOP)/src/legacy.c \
  $(TOP)/src/loadext.c \
  $(TOP)/src/main.c \
  $(TOP)/src/malloc.c \
  $(TOP)/src/mem0.c \
  $(TOP)/src/mem1.c \
  $(TOP)/src/mem2.c \

SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/sqlite3userauth.h
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/rbu/sqlite3rbu.h \
  $(TOP)/ext/rbu/sqlite3rbu.c
SRC += \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/stmt.c

# Generated source code files
#
SRC += \
  keywordhash.h \
  opcodes.c \

hash.lo:	$(TOP)/src/hash.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/hash.c

insert.lo:	$(TOP)/src/insert.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/insert.c

json.lo:	$(TOP)/src/json.c
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/json.c

legacy.lo:	$(TOP)/src/legacy.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/legacy.c

loadext.lo:	$(TOP)/src/loadext.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/loadext.c

main.lo:	$(TOP)/src/main.c $(HDR)

userauth.lo:	$(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c

sqlite3session.lo:	$(TOP)/ext/session/sqlite3session.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/session/sqlite3session.c




stmt.lo:	$(TOP)/ext/misc/stmt.c
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/misc/stmt.c

# FTS5 things
#
FTS5_SRC = \
   $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5.h \

# also be noted here that building any target with these "stdcall" options
# will most likely fail if the Tcl library is also required.  This is due
# to how the Tcl library functions are declared and exported (i.e. without
# an explicit calling convention, which results in "cdecl").
#
!IF $(USE_STDCALL)!=0 || $(FOR_WIN10)!=0
!IF "$(PLATFORM)"=="x86"
CORE_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
SHELL_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
# <<mark>>
TEST_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall -DINCLUDE_SQLITE_TCL_H=1 -DSQLITE_TCLAPI=__cdecl
# <</mark>>
!ELSE
!IFNDEF PLATFORM
CORE_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
SHELL_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
# <<mark>>
TEST_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall -DINCLUDE_SQLITE_TCL_H=1 -DSQLITE_TCLAPI=__cdecl
# <</mark>>
!ELSE
CORE_CCONV_OPTS =
SHELL_CCONV_OPTS =
# <<mark>>
TEST_CCONV_OPTS =
# <</mark>>

         date.lo dbpage.lo dbstat.lo delete.lo \
         expr.lo fault.lo fkey.lo \
         fts3.lo fts3_aux.lo fts3_expr.lo fts3_hash.lo fts3_icu.lo \
         fts3_porter.lo fts3_snippet.lo fts3_tokenizer.lo fts3_tokenizer1.lo \
         fts3_tokenize_vtab.lo fts3_unicode.lo fts3_unicode2.lo fts3_write.lo \
         fts5.lo \
         func.lo global.lo hash.lo \
         icu.lo insert.lo json.lo legacy.lo loadext.lo \
         main.lo malloc.lo mem0.lo mem1.lo mem2.lo mem3.lo mem5.lo \
         memdb.lo memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo sqlite3rbu.lo status.lo stmt.lo \

  $(TOP)\src\expr.c \
  $(TOP)\src\fault.c \
  $(TOP)\src\fkey.c \
  $(TOP)\src\func.c \
  $(TOP)\src\global.c \
  $(TOP)\src\hash.c \
  $(TOP)\src\insert.c \
  $(TOP)\src\json.c \
  $(TOP)\src\legacy.c \
  $(TOP)\src\loadext.c \
  $(TOP)\src\main.c \
  $(TOP)\src\malloc.c \
  $(TOP)\src\mem0.c \
  $(TOP)\src\mem1.c \
  $(TOP)\src\mem2.c \

  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_unicode.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_unicode2.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_write.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\icu\icu.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\rtree\rtree.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\session\sqlite3session.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\rbu\sqlite3rbu.c \

  $(TOP)\ext\misc\stmt.c

# Extension header files, part 1.
#
SRC08 = \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts1\fts1.h \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts1\fts1_hash.h \

hash.lo:	$(TOP)\src\hash.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\hash.c

insert.lo:	$(TOP)\src\insert.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\insert.c

json.lo:	$(TOP)\src\json.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\json.c

legacy.lo:	$(TOP)\src\legacy.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\legacy.c

loadext.lo:	$(TOP)\src\loadext.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\loadext.c

main.lo:	$(TOP)\src\main.c $(HDR)

fts3_unicode2.lo:	$(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_unicode2.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) $(NO_WARN) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_unicode2.c

fts3_write.lo:	$(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_write.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) $(NO_WARN) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_write.c




stmt.lo:	$(TOP)\ext\misc\stmt.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) $(NO_WARN) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)\ext\misc\stmt.c

rtree.lo:	$(TOP)\ext\rtree\rtree.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) $(NO_WARN) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)\ext\rtree\rtree.c

sqlite3session.lo:	$(TOP)\ext\session\sqlite3session.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)

# also be noted here that building any target with these "stdcall" options
# will most likely fail if the Tcl library is also required.  This is due
# to how the Tcl library functions are declared and exported (i.e. without
# an explicit calling convention, which results in "cdecl").
#
!IF $(USE_STDCALL)!=0 || $(FOR_WIN10)!=0
!IF "$(PLATFORM)"=="x86"
CORE_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
SHELL_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
!ELSE
!IFNDEF PLATFORM
CORE_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
SHELL_CCONV_OPTS = -Gz -guard:cf -DSQLITE_CDECL=__cdecl -DSQLITE_APICALL=__stdcall -DSQLITE_CALLBACK=__stdcall -DSQLITE_SYSAPI=__stdcall
!ELSE
CORE_CCONV_OPTS =
SHELL_CCONV_OPTS =
!ENDIF
!ENDIF
!ELSE
CORE_CCONV_OPTS =

enable_readline
with_readline_lib
with_readline_inc
enable_debug
enable_amalgamation
enable_load_extension
enable_math
enable_json
enable_all
enable_memsys5
enable_memsys3
enable_fts3
enable_fts4
enable_fts5

enable_update_limit
enable_geopoly
enable_rtree
enable_session
enable_gcov
'
      ac_precious_vars='build_alias

  --disable-readline      disable readline support
  --enable-debug          enable debugging & verbose explain
  --disable-amalgamation  Disable the amalgamation and instead build all files
                          separately
  --disable-load-extension
                          Disable loading of external extensions
  --disable-math          Disable math functions
  --disable-json          Disable JSON functions
  --enable-all            Enable FTS4, FTS5, Geopoly, RTree, Sessions
  --enable-memsys5        Enable MEMSYS5
  --enable-memsys3        Enable MEMSYS3
  --enable-fts3           Enable the FTS3 extension
  --enable-fts4           Enable the FTS4 extension
  --enable-fts5           Enable the FTS5 extension

  --enable-update-limit   Enable the UPDATE/DELETE LIMIT clause
  --enable-geopoly        Enable the GEOPOLY extension
  --enable-rtree          Enable the RTREE extension
  --enable-session        Enable the SESSION extension
  --enable-gcov           Enable coverage testing using gcov

Optional Packages:

if test "$ac_res" != no; then :
  test "$ac_res" = "none required" || LIBS="$ac_res $LIBS"

fi

fi

##########
# Do we want to support JSON functions
#
# Check whether --enable-json was given.
if test "${enable_json+set}" = set; then :
  enableval=$enable_json;
fi

{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether to support JSON functions" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether to support JSON functions... " >&6; }
if test "$enable_json" = "no"; then
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
  OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS="${OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS} -DSQLITE_OMIT_JSON"
else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: yes" >&5
$as_echo "yes" >&6; }
fi

########
# The --enable-all argument is short-hand to enable
# multiple extensions.
# Check whether --enable-all was given.
if test "${enable_all+set}" = set; then :
  enableval=$enable_all;

$as_echo "$ac_cv_search_log" >&6; }
ac_res=$ac_cv_search_log
if test "$ac_res" != no; then :
  test "$ac_res" = "none required" || LIBS="$ac_res $LIBS"

fi



















else
  { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: no" >&5
$as_echo "no" >&6; }
fi

#########
# See whether we should enable the LIMIT clause on UPDATE and DELETE

  AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
else
  AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
  OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS="${OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS} -DSQLITE_ENABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS"
  AC_SEARCH_LIBS(ceil, m)
fi

##########
# Do we want to support JSON functions
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(json, 
AC_HELP_STRING([--disable-json],[Disable JSON functions]))
AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether to support JSON functions])
if test "$enable_json" = "no"; then
  AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
  OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS="${OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS} -DSQLITE_OMIT_JSON"
else
  AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
fi

########
# The --enable-all argument is short-hand to enable
# multiple extensions.
AC_ARG_ENABLE(all, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-all],
      [Enable FTS4, FTS5, Geopoly, RTree, Sessions]))

##########
# Do we want to support memsys3 and/or memsys5
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(memsys5, 
  AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-memsys5],[Enable MEMSYS5]))
AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether to support MEMSYS5])

if test "${enable_fts5}" = "yes" -o "${enable_all}" = "yes" ; then
  AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
  OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS="${OPT_FEATURE_FLAGS} -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5"
  AC_SEARCH_LIBS([log],[m])
else
  AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
fi












#########
# See whether we should enable the LIMIT clause on UPDATE and DELETE
# statements.
AC_ARG_ENABLE(update-limit, AC_HELP_STRING([--enable-update-limit],
      [Enable the UPDATE/DELETE LIMIT clause]))
AC_MSG_CHECKING([whether to support LIMIT on UPDATE and DELETE statements])

# JSON Functions Enhancements (2022)

This document summaries enhancements to the SQLite JSON support added in
early 2022.

## 1.0 Change summary:

  1.  New **->** and **->>** operators that work like MySQL and PostgreSQL (PG).
  2.  JSON functions are built-in rather than being an extension.  They
      are included by default, but can be omitted using the
      -DSQLITE_OMIT_JSON compile-time option.


## 2.0 New operators **->** and **->>**

The SQLite language adds two new binary operators **->** and **->>**.
Both operators are similar to json_extract().  The left operand is
JSON and the right operand is a JSON path expression (possibly abbreviated
for compatibility with PG - see below).  So they are similar to a
two-argument call to json_extract().

The difference between -> and ->> (and json_extract()) is as follows:

  *  The -> operator always returns JSON.

  *  The ->> operator converts the answer into a primitive SQL datatype
     such as TEXT, INTEGER, REAL, or NULL.  If a JSON object or array
     is selected, that object or array is rendered as text.  If a JSON
     value is selected, that value is converted into its corresponding
     SQL type

  *  The json_extract() interface returns JSON when a JSON object or
     array is selected, or a primitive SQL datatype when a JSON value
     is selected.  This is different from MySQL, in which json_extract()
     always returns JSON, but the difference is retained because it has
     worked that way for 6 years and changing it now would likely break
     a lot of legacy code.

In MySQL and PG, the ->> operator always returns TEXT (or NULL) and never
INTEGER or REAL.  This is due to limitations in the type handling capabilities
of those systems.  In MySQL and PG, the result type a function or operator
may only depend on the type of its arguments, never the value of its arguments.
But the underlying JSON type depends on the value of the JSON path
expression, not the type of the JSON path expression (which is always TEXT).
Hence, the result type of ->> in MySQL and PG is unable to vary according
to the type of the JSON value being extracted.

The type system in SQLite is more general.  Functions in SQLite are able
to return different datatypes depending on the value of their arguments.
So the ->> operator in SQLite is able to return TEXT, INTEGER, REAL, or NULL
depending on the JSON type of the value being extracted.  This means that
the behavior of the ->> is slightly different in SQLite versus MySQL and PG
in that it will sometimes return INTEGER and REAL values, depending on its
inputs.  It is possible to implement the ->> operator in SQLite so that it
always operates exactly like MySQL and PG and always returns TEXT or NULL,
but I have been unable to think of any situations where returning the
actual JSON value this would cause problems, so I'm including the enhanced
functionality in SQLite.

The table below attempts to summarize the differences between the
-> and ->> operators and the json_extract() function, for SQLite, MySQL,
and PG.  JSON values are shown using their SQL text representation but
in a bold font.


<table border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0>
<tr><th>JSON<th>PATH<th>-&gt; operator<br>(all)<th>-&gt;&gt; operator<br>(MySQL/PG)
    <th>-&gt;&gt; operator<br>(SQLite)<th>json_extract()<br>(SQLite)
<tr><td> **'{"a":123}'**     <td>'$.a'<td> **'123'**     <td> '123'          <td> 123           <td> 123
<tr><td> **'{"a":4.5}'**     <td>'$.a'<td> **'4.5'**     <td> '4.5'          <td> 4.5           <td> 4.5
<tr><td> **'{"a":"xyz"}'**   <td>'$.a'<td> **'"xyz"'**   <td> 'xyz'          <td> 'xyz'         <td> 'xyz'
<tr><td> **'{"a":null}'**    <td>'$.a'<td> **'null'**    <td> NULL           <td> NULL          <td> NULL
<tr><td> **'{"a":[6,7,8]}'** <td>'$.a'<td> **'[6,7,8]'** <td> '[6,7,8]'      <td> '[6,7,8]'     <td> **'[6,7,8]'**
<tr><td> **'{"a":{"x":9}}'** <td>'$.a'<td> **'{"x":9}'** <td> '{"x":9}'      <td> '{"x":9}'     <td> **'{"x":9}'**
<tr><td> **'{"b":999}'**     <td>'$.a'<td> NULL          <td> NULL           <td> NULL          <td> NULL
</table>

Important points about the table above:

  *  The -> operator always returns either JSON or NULL.

  *  The ->> operator never returns JSON.  It always returns TEXT or NULL, or in the
     case of SQLite, INTEGER or REAL.

  *  The MySQL json_extract() function works exactly the same
     as the MySQL -> operator.

  *  The SQLite json_extract() operator works like -> for JSON objects and
     arrays, and like ->> for JSON values.

  *  The -> operator works the same for all systems.

  *  The only difference in ->> between SQLite and other systems is that
     when the JSON value is numeric, SQLite returns a numeric SQL value,
     whereas the other systems return a text representation of the numeric
     value.

### 2.1 Abbreviated JSON path expressions for PG compatibility

The table above always shows the full JSON path expression: '$.a'.  But
PG does not accept this syntax.  PG only allows a single JSON object label
name or a single integer array index.  In order to provide compatibility
with PG, The -> and ->> operators in SQLite are extended to also support
a JSON object label or an integer array index for the right-hand side
operand, in addition to a full JSON path expression.

Thus, a -> or ->> operator that works on MySQL will work in
SQLite.  And a -> or ->> operator that works in PG will work in SQLite.
But because SQLite supports the union of the disjoint capabilities of
MySQL and PG, there will always be -> and ->> operators that work in
SQLite that do not work in one of MySQL and PG.  This is an unavoidable
consequence of the different syntax for -> and ->> in MySQL and PG.

In the following table, assume that "value1" is a JSON object and
"value2" is a JSON array.

<table border=1 cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0>
<tr><th>SQL expression     <th>Works in MySQL?<th>Works in PG?<th>Works in SQLite
<tr><td>value1-&gt;'$.a'   <td> yes           <td>  no        <td> yes
<tr><td>value1-&gt;'a'     <td> no            <td>  yes       <td> yes
<tr><td>value2-&gt;'$[2]'  <td> yes           <td>  no        <td> yes
<tr><td>value2-&gt;2       <td> no            <td>  yes       <td> yes
</table>

The abbreviated JSON path expressions only work for the -> and ->> operators
in SQLite.  The json_extract() function, and all other built-in SQLite
JSON functions, continue to require complete JSON path expressions for their
PATH arguments.

## 3.0 JSON moved into the core

The JSON interface is now moved into the SQLite core.

When originally written in 2015, the JSON functions were an extension
that could be optionally included at compile-time, or loaded at run-time.
The implementation was in a source file named ext/misc/json1.c in the
source tree.  JSON functions were only compiled in if the
-DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1 compile-time option was used.

After these enhancements, the JSON functions are now built-ins.
The source file that implements the JSON functions is moved to src/json.c.
No special compile-time options are needed to load JSON into the build.
Instead, there is a new -DSQLITE_OMIT_JSON compile-time option to leave
them out.

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>CLI Shell Extensibility</title>
  </head>
  <body>
<style>
   body{counter-reset: section}
   h2{counter-reset: h2counter; text-indent: 10px}
   h3{counter-reset: h3counter; text-indent: 25px}
   h4{counter-reset: h4counter; text-indent: 40px}

   h2:before{
     counter-increment: section;
     content: counter(section) " ";
   }
   h3:before{
     counter-increment: h2counter;
     content: counter(section) "." counter(h2counter) " ";
   }
   h4:before{
     counter-increment: h3counter;
     content: counter(section) "." counter(h2counter) "." counter(h3counter) " ";
   }
   h5:before{
     counter-increment: h4counter;
     content: counter(section) "." counter(h2counter) "." counter(h3counter) "." counter(h4counter) " ";
   }
   </style>
<img class="logo" src="https://sqlite.org/images/sqlite370_banner.gif"
     alt="SQLite" border="0"/>

    <h1>CLI Shell Extensibility</h1>
    <hr/>
    <h2>Introduction</h2>
    <p>The command line shell for SQLite can be customized
      to modify or add certain kinds of features, without altering its source.
      This document details this extensibility
      and how such extension may be accomplished by shell users.
    <p>Shell extensibility serves to reduce the tension between
      keeping the shell simple with broadly useful features
      and allowing the shell to become an ever-growing tool
      meeting diverse needs for those not ready to satisfy them
      with a custom program using the SQLite libary.
      Extensions contributed by the SQLite developers or others
      will become (or are) available for use in situations
      that may not justify permanently adding the same features
      to the core shell published by the SQLite project in binary form.
      <h2>Extensible Features</h2>
    <p>Only certain categories of features may be
      added or modified via extension, namely:
      
      <h3>New or Revised Meta-Commands</h3>
    <p>The "dot" commands implemented by the shell,
      along with help text for them, may be augmented or overridden.
      A meta-command effected with an extension may be used
      in the same ways as one available in the core, non-extended shell.
      
      <h3>New or Revised Import Modes</h3>
    <p>The ways in which data may be imported to a DB table
      may be augmented or overriden. Once that is done, the .import
      meta-command will either have a new option to specify a new import
      handler or an existing .import option can be overridden for this.

      <h3>New or Revised Query Result Handling</h3>
    <p>The display formatting or other disposition of query results
      may be augmented or overriden. Once that is done, the .mode
      meta-command will either have a new option to specify a new result
      handler or an existing .mode option can be overridden for this.

      <h3>Generalized Import Modes and Query Result Handling</h3>
    <p>New handlers added via extension are not restricted to
      importing data from a file or result display formatting.
      They may be considered more generally to be either
      a data source or a data sink, producing or accepting
      data row sets. The origin or destination of
      the data is up to the handler, as may be affected
      by arguments to the .import or most recent .mode command.

      <h2>Extension Methods, Dynamic or Static</h2>
    <p>Shell extension may be effected at different times
      in different ways according to convenience and need.

      <h3>Runtime Extension</h3>
    <p>Extension at runtime (when the shell is running)
      is effected via the .load command with a --shell flag.
      In this way, a dynamically loaded library (DLL) is loaded with
      provision made for its sqlite3_X_init() function to obtain
      the shell extension API entry points and thereby
      register with the shell core any
      new meta-commands, or import or query result handlers
      that it implements.

      <h3>Build-Time Extension</h3>
    <p>Extension when the shell is built is effected by specifying
      certain option values to either the "make" invocation or
      to a utility, (tool/mkshellc.tcl), which assembles and transforms
      sources to produce the shell's unitary source file (shell.c).

      <h3>Extension Source Code</h3>
    <p>With certain coding conventions and methods followed,
      the same source code can be used either
      to produce most of a runtime shell extension DLL or to
      be incorporated into shell.c as a built-in shell extension.
      (See the extension code samples for details.)

      <h3>Build-Time Diminuation</h3>
    <p>Just as new meta-commands can be readily incorporated into
      the shell when it is built, many of the core meta-commands
      can be readily omitted from the shell build. This is done
      with a variation of the option values that may be given
      to "make" or to tool/mkshellc.tcl as the shell is built.
      (See tool/mkshellc.tcl --help output for details.)
      Such omission of meta-commands might be done when building
      a customized shell which need not have the various meta-commands
      which exist for the purpose of testing the SQLite library.

      <h2>Interface</h2>
    <p>The following details relate to src/shext_linkage.h, a header
      in which declarations appear for objects and functions
      that facilitate runtime interaction between the shell core
      and shell extensions written in C/C++.
      Comments in that header tersely summarize these explanations:

      <h3>struct ShellStateX and ShellExState</h3>
    <p>The ShellStateX object, (maintained by the shell and known as
      shellState), consists of a public portion, which is available and
      stable for use in shell/extension interactions, and a private
      portion which may not be stable. Shell extension code used only for
      build-time extension might use the private part, (to which it has
      access because such code is compiled within the same translation unit
      as the core shell code), but such usage generally precludes (or makes
      hazardous) use of runtime loadable extensions built from such code.

      <h3>ExtensionId typedef and eid Member</h3>
    <p>An object of this type serves to uniquely identify an extension
      loaded at runtime so that it may be unloaded later. It must be
      passed back to the shell (in the ShellExtensionLink eid member)
      by the sqlite3_X_init() function if the extension DLL is ever
      to be unloaded during that shell session.

      <h3>ShellExState typedef</h3>
    <p>An object of this type is passed between the shell core and its
      import or query result handlers to: (1) convey or keep parameters and
      data related to formatting or parsing data rows in an external form;
      (2) keep state associated with the progression of an import or result
      handling operation from initiation to completion; (3) to facilitate
      access to exposed shell state generally useful to such handlers or
      meta-commands; or (4) to provide for abnormal shell exits.
    <p>The shell core .mode and .import implementations also use the same
      instance of this type to affect result output and import operations.
      That instance resides in a ShellStateX object kept by the shell so
      that extension meta-commands can access it, possibly to change it.
      Meta-commands or handlers which alter this instance for their own
      purposes (rather than for intended effect) should take care to
      restore its prior value as the operation completes.

      <h3>extensionDestruct member</h3>
    <p>The function addressed by this member will be called prior to
      the extension being unloaded (if the pointer is non-zero.)
      This is an out parameter from the sqlite3_X_init() function.
      It may perform any cleanup or deallocations necessitated by
      successful initialization generally (and will never be called
      after failed initialization.)

      <h3>Notes Regarding Object Interfaces for C vs C++ Writers</h3>
    <p>The objects registered with the shell core to provided extension
      functionality may be implemented in C or C++ (or anything else
      producing the same ABI.) In the below descriptions of their
      interfaces, it should be understood that: C++ implementations
      need not explicitly deal with anything like a Whatsit_Vtable
      struct and will refer to the object pointer, passed implicitly,
      as "this"; and C implementations will need to populate a static
      Whatsit_Vtable and refer to the initial object pointer as "pThis".
    <p>All shell extension interfaces have a method, destruct(), which
      is (or may be) called by the shell core prior to deactivating any
      registered meta-command, output result or import handler.
      This call will be made in addition to any automatic (or implicit)
      takedown that may occur due to atexit() or C++ destructor calls,
      so destruct()'s responsibility should be limited to reversing
      the per-registered-object effects of sqlite3_X_init().
    <p>A registered object is deactivated when either: the extension
      is immanently going to be unloaded; or the registered object is
      being overridden by some like-named object (such that it can no
      longer be reached by the core shell.)

      <h3>MetaCommand typedef</h3>
    <p>These objects represent an extension meta-command, including a
      dispatch table for the public interface and any accompanying
      data (which is opaque to the core shell.) Such objects are created
      by extensions and passed to the core shell only by reference.
      They are made known to the shell core via registerMetaCommand() calls.

      <h3>MetaCommand_Vtable typedef</h3>
    <p>These objects represent the dispatch table of a MetaCommand object.
    <p>All methods are given the same leading (or lone) argument:<br>
      (1) the address of the registered MetaCommand object.

      <h4>destruct method</h4>
    <p>This method is called prior to unloading a runtime extension
      for any registered MetaCommand object, provided its dispatch
      table entry is non-zero.
      It should free resources allocated during the sqlite3_X_init() call
      associated with creation or preparation of the object.

      <h4>name method</h4>
    <p>This method returns the name of the meta-command (sans leading '.'.)
      The returned pointer must remain valid throughout the lifetime of
      the registered MetaCommand object.

      <h4>help method</h4>
    <p>This method returns help text for the meta-command. This text
      should be formatted and aligned with the built-in meta-command
      help text so that it can be displayed seamlessly.
    <p>There is one additional argument:<br>
      (2) an integer directing what help text to return, with
      0 indicating primary, single-line help, or
      1 indicating any more detailed help beyond the primary level.
    <p>The return is either a C string or null pointer. The C string
      will not be freed by the core shell, and must remain valid
      during the lifetime of the MetaCommand object.

      <h4>argsRange method</h4>
    <p>This method returns a pair of unsigned integers indicating the range
      of valid argument counts for the meta-command.
    <p>The returned .minArgs value indicates the minimum number of
      arguments required for a successful execute call.
      The returned .maxArgs value indicates the maximum number of
      arguments allowed for a successful execute call, with ~0
      indicating no (practical) upper limit. The execute method will
      never be called with an argument count not within this range.
      (This significantly simplifies argument checking.)

      <h4>execute method</h4>
    <p>This method performs whatever work the meta-command is supposed
      to do when invoked. It has 4 additional arguments:<br>
      (2) present ShellStateX, passed by reference (an in/out parameter);<br>
      (3) an error message pointer, passed by reference, set upon error but
      otherwise not modified, to be freed by the shell core;<br>
      (4) the number of invocation arguments;<br>
      (5) an array of C strings constituting the invocation arguments;<br>
    <p>The return is 0 for success, or anything else to indicate error.
      The special value SHELL_INVALID_ARGS (aka SQLITE_MISUSE) should be
      returned when argument checking shows an invalid call. This will
      cause the command dispatcher to issue usage help (in interactive
      shell sessions) without further fuss by the execute() method itself.
      (And if an extension causes this error to be returned from the SQLite
      library, which is a serious error by itself, it must either translate
      it for return or trouble its users with a misleading error message
      from the dispatcher.) If the output error message is set, it will
      be issued in lieu of the standard error message for invalid calls.

      <h3>OutModeHandler typedef</h3>
    <p>These objects represent an extension query result handler, including
      a dispatch table for the public interface and any accompanying
      data which is opaque to the core shell. Such objects are created
      by extensions and passed to the core shell only by reference.
      They are made known to the shell core via registerOutMode() calls.

      <h3>OutModeHandler_Vtable typedef</h3>
    <p>These objects represent the dispatch table of an OutModeHandler object.
      All methods in the dispatch table are given at
      least this leading argument:<br>
      (1) The OutModeHandler address registered via registerOutMode();<br>

      <h4>destruct method</h4>
    <p>This method is called prior to unloading a runtime extension
      for any registered OutModeHandler object, provided its dispatch
      table entry is non-zero.
      It should free resources allocated during the sqlite3_X_init() call
      associated with creation or preparation of the object.

      <h4>name method</h4>
    <p>This method returns the name of the OutModeHandler, which users
      specify to the .mode command (as the mode's name) to designate use
      of the registered OutModeHandler for subsequent query results.
      The returned pointer must remain valid throughout the lifetime of
      the registered MetaCommand object.

      <h4>help method</h4>
    <p>This method returns help text for the OutModeHandler.
    <p>There is one additional argument:<br>
      (2) an integer directing what help text to return, with
      0 indicating primary, single-line help, or
      1 indicating any more detailed help beyond the primary level.
      The primary help is included in the .mode command's own
      detailed help text, so it should be aligned accordingly.
      The detailed help is shown by the .mode command's --help option.
    <p>The return is either a C string or null pointer. The C string
      will not be freed by the core shell, and must remain valid
      during the lifetime of the MetaCommand object.

      <h4>Common arguments</h4>
    <p>The following methods are given these 2 additional arguments:<br>
      (2) A ShellExState object passed by reference; and<br>
      (3) An error message pointer, passed by reference, to receive errors.

      <h4>openResultsOutStream method</h4>
    <p>This method is called when a query output is setup,
      (via the .mode command with the handler's name given as a --flag.)
    <p>It is given 3 additional arguments:<br>
      (4) the number of arguments in the said .mode command;<br>
      (5) an array of C strings with the said argument values; and<br>
      (6) the name given as a --flag which caused the handler to be used.
    <p>When the extension handler is activated via a .mode command,
      parsing that command and behaving accordingly is the responsibility
      of this method alone. (The command is parsed and acted upon by the
      default .mode implementation only when no OutModeHandler is used.)
    <p>Once this method is called and succeeds, it is guaranteed that the
      closeResultsOutStream method will be called.
    <p>This method should return SQLITE_OK only upon success.
      Any other return will abort remaining calls in the handling sequence.

      <h4>prependResultsOut method</h4>
    <p>This method is called when a query succeeds for which this handler
      will be given the results. This is purely preparatory; zero or
      more result rows may follow. It is up to this method to determine
      if any results can even be had (by considering the return from
      sqlite3_column_count()) and acting accordingly.
    <p>It is given 1 additional argument:<br>
      (4) the query prepared statement (pointer), not yet stepped.
    <p>This method should return SQLITE_OK only upon success.
      Any other return will abort the next 2 calls in the handling sequence.
      (TBD: Such aborts without error should be supported for DDL and DML.)

      <h4>rowResultsOut method</h4>
    <p>This method is called when a query's prepared statement is stepped,
      for each result row available.
    <p>It is given 1 additional argument:<br>
      (4) the query prepared statement (pointer), stepped with
      a result row available. It is permitted for this method to
      perform the remaining stepping, as indicated by the return.
    <p>This method should return SQLITE_OK only upon success
      without having completed stepping. If this method completes stepping,
      (by making its own calls to sqlite3_step() until it returns SQLITE_DONE),
      it must return SQLITE_DONE. Any other return will abort the next call
      in the handling sequence.

      <h4>appendResultsOut method</h4>
    <p>This method is called when result set stepping has been completed.
    <p>It is given  additional argument:<br>
      (4) the query prepared statement (pointer), completely stepped.
    <p>This method should return SQLITE_OK upon success, or may return
      something else to indicate error with no effect upon succeeding calls.

      <h4>closeResultsOutStream method</h4>
    <p>This method is called when a new .mode command is invoked specifying
      some output mode not using this OutModeHandler or when the extension
      is about to be unloaded with this OutModeHandler selected for output.
      It should free resources allocated or held as a result of the
      previous openResultsOutStream call.

      <h3>ImportHandler typedef</h3>
    <p>These objects represent an extension data import handler, including
      a dispatch table for the public interface and any accompanying
      data which is opaque to the core shell. Such objects are created
      by extensions and passed to the core shell only by reference.
      They are made known to the shell core via registerImporter() calls.

      <h3>ImportHandler_Vtable typedef</h3>
    <p>These objects represent the dispatch table of an ImportHandler object.
      All methods in the dispatch table are given this 1 leading argument:<br>
      (1) The ImportHandler address registered via registerImporter().

      <h4>destruct method</h4>
    <p>This method is called prior to unloading a runtime extension
      for any registered OutModeHandler object, provided its dispatch
      table entry is non-zero.
      It should free resources allocated during the sqlite3_X_init() call
      associated with creation or preparation of the object.

      <h4>name method</h4>
    <p>This method returns the name of the importer, which is to
      be passed with leading '--' (or '-') to the .import command
      to specify use of the registered importer for that invocation.
      The returned pointer must remain valid throughout the lifetime of
      the registered MetaCommand object.

      <h4>help method</h4>
    <p>This method returns help text for the importer.
    <p>There is one additional argument:<br>
      (2) an integer directing what help text to return, with
      0 indicating primary, single-line help, or
      1 indicating any more detailed help beyond the primary level.
      The primary help is included in the .import command's own
      detailed help text, so it should be aligned accordingly.
      The detailed help is shown by the .import command's --help option.
    <p>The return is either a C string or null pointer. The C string
      will not be freed by the core shell, and must remain valid
      during the lifetime of the MetaCommand object.

      <h4>Common arguments</h4>
    <p>The following methods are given these 2 additional arguments:<br>
      (2) A ShellExState object passed by reference; and<br>
      (3) An error message pointer, passed by reference, to receive errors.

      <h4>openDataInStream method</h4>
    <p>This method is called when a .import command is invoked with
      the '--' (or '-') prefixed name of the ImportHandler as an argument.
    <p>These 3 additional arguments are passed:<br>
      (4) the number of arguments to said .import command;<br>
      (5) an array of C strings with the said argument values; and<br>
      (6) the name of the ImportHandler (as its name method would return.)
    <p>When the extension handler is activated via a .import command,
      responsibility for parsing that command and behaving accordingly is
      shared between the shell core .import implementation and this method.
      The shell core normally takes the last argument as the name of a table
      (to be created if necessary) which will receive the imported data.
      (But see return values for exceptions to this treatment.)
      The shell core also detects any --flag argument selecting a registered
      ImportHandler (giving effect to the last one) and calls this and
      following methods to perform the input part of the import operation.
      This method may interpret any or all of the arguments as needed
      and (supposedly) documented by the associated help(...) method returns.
    <p>Once this method is called and succeeds, it is guaranteed that the
      closeDataInStream method will be called.
    <p>This method should return SQLITE_OK upon success where disposition
      of the imported data (into a table named by the last argument) is
      to be handled normally, by the shell core.
      An alternative success return is SQLITE_DONE, indicating that
      disposition of the imported data has been done by the ImportHandler.
      In that case, the next 3 methods (*DataInput(...)) will not be called
      and this method should have completed the whole import operation.
      After a success return, closeDataInStream is guaranteed to be called.
      Other returns will abort all remaining calls in the handling sequence.

      <h4>prepareDataInput method</h4>
    <p>This method prepares for the particular import operation commenced
      with a .import invocation. It may take into account the shape of
      the input data (and possibly its type) as discovered during the call.
    <p>This 1 additional argument is passed:<br>
      (4) a to-be-prepared statement (pointer), passed by reference.
      This is an out parameter conveying a prepared statement created
      by this method specifically for the single import operation.
    <p>The prepared statement should, in some manner wholly determined
      by the extension handler, incorporate compiled SQL (possibly with
      as-yet unbound parameters) which will (or may) produce a result set.
      (This may be no more than a query such as "SELECT @1 as one, ...",
      or could be a SELECT from a temporary table used for buffering.)
    <p>The return should be SQLITE_OK upon success, in which case the
      following 2 methods will also be called. Any other return will
      abort the {prepare,row,finish}DataInput() call sequence. In that
      case, no prepared statement should be returned either.

      <h4>rowDataInput method</h4>
    <p>This method is called to collect imported data, making it available
      through the prepared statement passed as the last argument with as
      many steps as are needed to get SQLITE_DONE from sqlite3_step().
      It will be called repeatedly until its return indicates no more data.
    <p>It is given 1 additional argument:<br>
      (4) the prepared statement (pointer) returned by prepareDataInput().<br>
      This prepared statement can have values bound to it or be reset as
      necessary to return some or more data. However, it must remain the
      same sqlite3_statement instance returned by prepareDataInput().
    <p>The return should be SQLITE_DONE when no more data is available,
      or SQLITE_ROW to indicate that more data is or might be available.
      Any other return (including SQLITE_OK) indicates a condition which
      will abort the data collection phase of the import operation. Any
      of those 3 returns is treated as success by the shell core.

      <h4>finishDataInput method</h4>
    <p>This method is called to complete the data input phase of the
      import operation commenced by prepareDataInput().
    <p>It is given 1 additional argument:<br>
      (4) the prepared statement (pointer) returned by prepareDataInput().<br>
      This prepared statement should be finalized by this method. Other
      cleanup or import wrap-up related to the transfer may also be performed.

      <h4>closeDataInStream method</h4>
    <p>This method is called as a .import command which specified this
      ImportHandler completes.
      It should free resources allocated or held as a result of the
      previous openDataInStream call.

      <h3>ShellExtensionLink typedef</h3>
    <p>An object of this type is passed (somewhat indirectly) to the
      sqlite3_X_init(...) function which is called when a runtime
      extension is loaded via a .load command with a --shell flag.
      It is used to establish linkage between the loaded extension
      and a shell core API exposed specifically for extensibility.
    <p>At present, the extension API is limited to registration of
      meta-commands, query result handlers, and import handlers
      implemented by extensions. This API may be extended in future
      versions of the core shell, in a backwards-compatible manner.
      (See the pExtra sentinel, whose offset may increase.)

      <h4>Establishing Shell/Extension Linkage</h4>
    <p>The 1st or 2nd parameter passed to the sqlite3_X_init() function
      as an extension is dynamically loaded is used to obtain a pointer
      to the ShellExtensionLink object (provided that .load was
      invoked with the --shell flag.) To verify that the correct
      object type was passed and reference it if so, the extension's
      sqlite3_X_init() function can use one of these two means:
    <p>The least code-intensive means is implemented by a macro,
      EXTENSION_LINKAGE_PTR(pzem), parameter of which is the char**
      passed as the 2nd sqlite3_X_init() argument. This is reliable
      except in the case of a maliciously written shell core (which
      portends worse problems than the undefined behavior which
      could arise from invoking .load from such a shell.)
    <p>A more code-intensive means, (which is no safer in the
      case of a maliciously written shell core), is to use
      a C macro, DEFINE_SHDB_TO_SHEXT_API(function_name),
      in the extension source to define a function named per
      the macro argument. Then that function may be called with its
      lone argument being the sqlite3 * (db) pointer which was passed
      as the 1st argument to sqlite3_X_init().
    <p>Either means will return (or yield) either a null pointer
      or a verified ShellExtensionLink pointer. In the former
      case, sqlite3_X_init() may return SHELL_INVALID_ARGS to induce
      the emission of help on using the .load command. (Said help
      will mention the need to use the --shell flag for extensions.)
      In the latter case, the obtained pointer may be called to
      register the extension's feature implementor(s) as described.

      <h2>Development Aspects of Extensibility and Its Evolution</h2>

    <p>There is critical tension between competing uses of the ShellState
      object which is kept and used by the core shell for state which
      must persist between meta-command invocations. For unhindered
      implementation and feature expansion flexibility, the structure
      of the ShellState data should be unconstrained across versions
      of the shell. However, unless extension meta-commands and data
      transferers are to act entirely independently of built-in meta-commands,
      (excepting interaction through the above-described extension methods),
      some portion of the ShellState data needs to be shared in a stable
      manner between extensions and the core shell code.
    <p>With respect to interface stability concerns, it is nearly immaterial
      whether the sharing occurs through exposed data structures
      or an extension API devised to convey similar data. (Only data layout
      and possible change notification are at stake in that choice.)
    <p>For simplicity, and because it can work in a way consistent with how
      built-in shell features are implemented now, the chosen sharing method
      is to simply directly expose a subset of the ShellState data. That
      subset will be extremely limited to minimize hinderance of what has
      previously been unfettered change to that data structure/meaning.
      It will initially be: the present output stream, as affected by
      .output and .once commands; the currently open user DB (if any);
      the dedicated shell DB; and the data related to formatting
      and transfer of data in external forms. This data resides in the
      ShellStateX object as a ShellExState struct.
    <p>As shell extensibility evolves, additional data items may need to
      move into the publicly exposed portion of the ShellStateX object,
      either directly (via exposed data members) or by means of additional
      extension APIs defined in the ShellExtensionLink object (which has
      been defined to accommodate growth of its function pointer list in
      a backwards-compatible manner.)

  </body>
</html>

  do_test 2.6.$i {
    lindex [catchsql {sELECT fts5_expr(NULL, char($i));}] 0
  } 1
}

do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE e1 USING fts5(text, tokenize = 'porter unicode61');
  INSERT INTO e1 VALUES ('just a few words with a / inside');
}
do_execsql_test 3.1 {
  SELECT rowid, bm25(e1) FROM e1 WHERE e1 MATCH '"just"' ORDER BY rank;
} {1 -1e-06}
do_execsql_test 3.2 {
  SELECT rowid FROM e1 WHERE e1 MATCH '"/" OR "just"'
} 1

} {
  do_execsql_test 6.$tn.1 {
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS hh;
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE hh USING fts5(y);
    INSERT INTO hh(hh, rank) VALUES('pgsz', $pgsz);

    WITH s(i) AS (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<999)
     INSERT INTO hh SELECT printf('%.3d%.3d%.3d %.3d%.3d%.3d',i,i,i,i+1,i+1,i+1)
     FROM s;

    WITH s(i) AS (SELECT 0 UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<999)
     INSERT INTO hh SELECT printf('%.3d%.3d%.3d %.3d%.3d%.3d',i,i,i,i+1,i+1,i+1)
     FROM s;

    INSERT INTO hh(hh) VALUES('optimize');
  }

  do_test 6.$tn.2 {
    set ok 0

#ifdef GEOPOLY_ENABLE_DEBUG
  static int geo_debug = 0;
# define GEODEBUG(X) if(geo_debug)printf X
#else
# define GEODEBUG(X)
#endif




/* Character class routines */

#ifdef sqlite3Isdigit
   /* Use the SQLite core versions if this routine is part of the
   ** SQLite amalgamation */
#  define safe_isdigit(x)  sqlite3Isdigit(x)
#  define safe_isalnum(x)  sqlite3Isalnum(x)
#  define safe_isxdigit(x) sqlite3Isxdigit(x)
#else
   /* Use the standard library for separate compilation */
#include <ctype.h>  /* amalgamator: keep */
#  define safe_isdigit(x)  isdigit((unsigned char)(x))
#  define safe_isalnum(x)  isalnum((unsigned char)(x))
#  define safe_isxdigit(x) isxdigit((unsigned char)(x))
#endif

#ifndef JSON_NULL   /* The following stuff repeats things found in json1 */
/*
** Growing our own isspace() routine this way is twice as fast as
** the library isspace() function.
*/
static const char geopolyIsSpace[] = {
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
};
#define fast_isspace(x) (geopolyIsSpace[(unsigned char)x])
#endif /* JSON NULL - back to original code */

/* Compiler and version */
#ifndef GCC_VERSION
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC)
# define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__*1000000+__GNUC_MINOR__*1000+__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
#else

  t = a[1];
  a[1] = a[2];
  a[2] = t;
}

/* Skip whitespace.  Return the next non-whitespace character. */
static char geopolySkipSpace(GeoParse *p){
  while( fast_isspace(p->z[0]) ) p->z++;
  return p->z[0];
}

/* Parse out a number.  Write the value into *pVal if pVal!=0.
** return non-zero on success and zero if the next token is not a number.
*/
static int geopolyParseNumber(GeoParse *p, GeoCoord *pVal){

do_corruption_tests rtreeA-3.1 {
  1   "SELECT * FROM t1"
  2   "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE +rowid=5"
  3   "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1000, 1, 2, 3, 4)"
}

do_execsql_test rtreeA-3.1.0.3 {
  SELECT rtreecheck('main', 't1')!='ok'
} {1}

do_test rtreeA-3.2.0 { set_tree_depth t1 1000 } {1000}
do_corruption_tests rtreeA-3.2 {
  1   "SELECT * FROM t1"
  2   "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE +rowid=5"
  3   "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1000, 1, 2, 3, 4)"

do_execsql_test rtreeA-5.1.0 { DELETE FROM t1_parent } {}
do_corruption_tests rtreeA-5.1 {
  1   "DELETE FROM t1 WHERE +rowid = 5"
  2   "DELETE FROM t1"
}

do_execsql_test rtreeA-5.2 {
  SELECT rtreecheck('main', 't1')!='ok'
} {1}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add some bad entries to the %_parent table.
#
create_t1
populate_t1
do_execsql_test rtreeA-6.1.0 { 
  UPDATE t1_parent set parentnode = parentnode+1
} {}
do_corruption_tests rtreeA-6.1 {
  1   "DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid = 5"
  2   "UPDATE t1 SET x1=x1+1, x2=x2+1"
}

do_execsql_test rtreeA-6.2 {
  SELECT rtreecheck('main', 't1')!='ok'
} {1}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Truncated blobs in the _node table.
#
create_t1
populate_t1

  SELECT rtreecheck('r2') 
} {ok}

sqlite3_db_config db DEFENSIVE 0
do_execsql_test 3.2 {
  BEGIN;
    UPDATE r2_node SET data = X'123456';
    SELECT rtreecheck('r2')!='ok';
} {1}

do_execsql_test 3.3 {
  ROLLBACK;
  UPDATE r2_node SET data = X'00001234';
  SELECT rtreecheck('r2')!='ok';
} {1}

do_execsql_test 4.0 {
  CREATE TABLE notanrtree(i);
  SELECT rtreecheck('notanrtree');
} {{Schema corrupt or not an rtree}}

  uplevel [list do_test $tn.1 "set {} $a" 0]
  uplevel [list do_test $tn.2 "set {} $b" 1]
}

do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc', 'xyz');
}
do_then_undo 1.2 { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 4); }
do_then_undo 1.3 { DELETE FROM t1 WHERE b=2; }
do_then_undo 1.4 { UPDATE t1 SET b = 3 WHERE a = 1; }

do_execsql_test 2.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t2(a, b PRIMARY KEY);

         date.o dbpage.o dbstat.o delete.o expr.o \
	 fault.o fkey.o \
         fts3.o fts3_aux.o fts3_expr.o fts3_hash.o fts3_icu.o fts3_porter.o \
         fts3_snippet.o fts3_tokenizer.o fts3_tokenizer1.o \
         fts3_tokenize_vtab.o \
	 fts3_unicode.o fts3_unicode2.o \
         fts3_write.o fts5.o func.o global.o hash.o \
         icu.o insert.o json.o legacy.o loadext.o \
         main.o malloc.o mem0.o mem1.o mem2.o mem3.o mem5.o \
         memdb.o memjournal.o \
         mutex.o mutex_noop.o mutex_unix.o mutex_w32.o \
         notify.o opcodes.o os.o os_unix.o os_win.o \
         pager.o pcache.o pcache1.o pragma.o prepare.o printf.o \
         random.o resolve.o rowset.o rtree.o \
         select.o sqlite3rbu.o status.o stmt.o \

  $(TOP)/src/fkey.c \
  $(TOP)/src/func.c \
  $(TOP)/src/global.c \
  $(TOP)/src/hash.c \
  $(TOP)/src/hash.h \
  $(TOP)/src/hwtime.h \
  $(TOP)/src/insert.c \
  $(TOP)/src/json.c \
  $(TOP)/src/legacy.c \
  $(TOP)/src/loadext.c \
  $(TOP)/src/main.c \
  $(TOP)/src/malloc.c \
  $(TOP)/src/mem0.c \
  $(TOP)/src/mem1.c \
  $(TOP)/src/mem2.c \

SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/sqlite3userauth.h
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/rbu/sqlite3rbu.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/rbu/sqlite3rbu.h
SRC += \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/stmt.c


# FTS5 things
#
FTS5_HDR = \
   $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5.h \

	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_unicode2.c

fts3_write.o:	$(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c

fts5.o:	fts5.c  sqlite3ext.h sqlite3.h
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c fts5.c




stmt.o:	$(TOP)/ext/misc/stmt.c sqlite3ext.h sqlite3.h
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/misc/stmt.c

rtree.o:	$(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.c

     || (pCol->notNull && (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_GENERATED)!=0)
    ){
      sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "SELECT CASE WHEN quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*'"
        " THEN raise(ABORT,'CHECK constraint failed')"
        " ELSE raise(ABORT,'NOT NULL constraint failed')"
        " END"
        "  FROM pragma_quick_check(%Q,%Q)"
        " WHERE quick_check GLOB 'CHECK*' OR quick_check GLOB 'NULL*'",
        zTab, zDb
      );
    }
  }
}

  }
  pIter++;

  /* The next block of code is equivalent to:
  **
  **     pIter += getVarint(pIter, (u64*)&pInfo->nKey);
  **
  ** The code is inlined and the loop is unrolled for performance.
  ** This routine is a high-runner.
  */
  iKey = *pIter;
  if( iKey>=0x80 ){
    u8 x;
    iKey = ((iKey&0x7f)<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
    if( x>=0x80 ){

      iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x =*++pIter) & 0x7f);
      if( x>=0x80 ){
        iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
        if( x>=0x80 ){
          iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
          if( x>=0x80 ){
            iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
            if( x>=0x80 ){
              iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
              if( x>=0x80 ){
                iKey = (iKey<<7) | ((x = *++pIter) & 0x7f);
                if( x>=0x80 ){
                  iKey = (iKey<<8) | (*++pIter);
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }

      }
    }
  }
  pIter++;

  pInfo->nKey = *(i64*)&iKey;
  pInfo->nPayload = nPayload;

    ** a moveToChild() or moveToRoot() call would have detected corruption.  */
    assert( pPage->nCell>0 );
    assert( pPage->intKey );
    lwr = 0;
    upr = pPage->nCell-1;
    assert( biasRight==0 || biasRight==1 );
    idx = upr>>(1-biasRight); /* idx = biasRight ? upr : (lwr+upr)/2; */

    for(;;){
      i64 nCellKey;
      pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);
      if( pPage->intKeyLeaf ){
        while( 0x80 <= *(pCell++) ){
          if( pCell>=pPage->aDataEnd ){
            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);

    ** be the right kind (index or table) of b-tree page. Otherwise
    ** a moveToChild() or moveToRoot() call would have detected corruption.  */
    assert( pPage->nCell>0 );
    assert( pPage->intKey==(pIdxKey==0) );
    lwr = 0;
    upr = pPage->nCell-1;
    idx = upr>>1; /* idx = (lwr+upr)/2; */

    for(;;){
      int nCell;  /* Size of the pCell cell in bytes */
      pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);

      /* The maximum supported page-size is 65536 bytes. This means that
      ** the maximum number of record bytes stored on an index B-Tree
      ** page is less than 16384 bytes and may be stored as a 2-byte

  u32 pc;         /* Offset to cell content of cell being deleted */
  u8 *data;       /* pPage->aData */
  u8 *ptr;        /* Used to move bytes around within data[] */
  int rc;         /* The return code */
  int hdr;        /* Beginning of the header.  0 most pages.  100 page 1 */

  if( *pRC ) return;
  assert( idx>=0 );
  assert( idx<pPage->nCell );
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || sz==cellSize(pPage, idx) );
  assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
  assert( pPage->nFree>=0 );
  data = pPage->aData;
  ptr = &pPage->aCellIdx[2*idx];
  assert( pPage->pBt->usableSize > (u32)(ptr-data) );
  pc = get2byte(ptr);
  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
  testcase( pc==(u32)get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) );
  testcase( pc+sz==pPage->pBt->usableSize );
  if( pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
    *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    return;

  u8 *pTmp = sqlite3PagerTempSpace(pPg->pBt->pPager);
  u8 *pData;
  int k;                          /* Current slot in pCArray->apEnd[] */
  u8 *pSrcEnd;                    /* Current pCArray->apEnd[k] value */

  assert( i<iEnd );
  j = get2byte(&aData[hdr+5]);
  if( j>(u32)usableSize ){ j = 0; }
  memcpy(&pTmp[j], &aData[j], usableSize - j);

  for(k=0; pCArray->ixNx[k]<=i && ALWAYS(k<NB*2); k++){}
  pSrcEnd = pCArray->apEnd[k];

  pData = pEnd;
  while( 1/*exit by break*/ ){

    int nTail = pageFreeArray(pPg, iNewEnd, iOldEnd - iNewEnd, pCArray);
    assert( nCell>=nTail );
    nCell -= nTail;
  }

  pData = &aData[get2byteNotZero(&aData[hdr+5])];
  if( pData<pBegin ) goto editpage_fail;
  if( pData>pPg->aDataEnd ) goto editpage_fail;

  /* Add cells to the start of the page */
  if( iNew<iOld ){
    int nAdd = MIN(nNew,iOld-iNew);
    assert( (iOld-iNew)<nNew || nCell==0 || CORRUPT_DB );
    assert( nAdd>=0 );
    pCellptr = pPg->aCellIdx;

** operation on non-FORDELETE cursors is tagged with the AUXDELETE flag.
** The BTREE_AUXDELETE bit is a hint that is not used by this implementation,
** but which might be used by alternative storage engines.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeDelete(BtCursor *pCur, u8 flags){
  Btree *p = pCur->pBtree;
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;              
  int rc;                    /* Return code */
  MemPage *pPage;            /* Page to delete cell from */
  unsigned char *pCell;      /* Pointer to cell to delete */
  int iCellIdx;              /* Index of cell to delete */
  int iCellDepth;            /* Depth of node containing pCell */ 
  CellInfo info;             /* Size of the cell being deleted */

  u8 bPreserve;              /* Keep cursor valid.  2 for CURSOR_SKIPNEXT */

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
  assert( (pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0 );
  assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag );
  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
  assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
  assert( (flags & ~(BTREE_SAVEPOSITION | BTREE_AUXDELETE))==0 );
  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
    rc = btreeRestoreCursorPosition(pCur);
    assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || CORRUPT_DB || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
    if( rc || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return rc;
  }
  assert( CORRUPT_DB || pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );

  iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
  iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  if( pPage->nCell<=iCellIdx ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
  if( pPage->nFree<0 && btreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage) ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }

  /* If the BTREE_SAVEPOSITION bit is on, then the cursor position must
  ** be preserved following this delete operation. If the current delete
  ** will cause a b-tree rebalance, then this is done by saving the cursor
  ** key and leaving the cursor in CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state before 
  ** returning. 
  **
  ** If the current delete will not cause a rebalance, then the cursor
  ** will be left in CURSOR_SKIPNEXT state pointing to the entry immediately
  ** before or after the deleted entry.
  **
  ** The bPreserve value records which path is required:
  **
  **    bPreserve==0         Not necessary to save the cursor position
  **    bPreserve==1         Use CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK to save the cursor position
  **    bPreserve==2         Cursor won't move.  Set CURSOR_SKIPNEXT.
  */
  bPreserve = (flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION)!=0;
  if( bPreserve ){
    if( !pPage->leaf 
     || (pPage->nFree+cellSizePtr(pPage,pCell)+2)>(int)(pBt->usableSize*2/3)
     || pPage->nCell==1  /* See dbfuzz001.test for a test case */
    ){
      /* A b-tree rebalance will be required after deleting this entry.
      ** Save the cursor key.  */
      rc = saveCursorKey(pCur);
      if( rc ) return rc;
    }else{
      bPreserve = 2;
    }
  }

  /* If the page containing the entry to delete is not a leaf page, move
  ** the cursor to the largest entry in the tree that is smaller than
  ** the entry being deleted. This cell will replace the cell being deleted
  ** from the internal node. The 'previous' entry is used for this instead

      releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
    }
    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
    rc = balance(pCur);
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( bPreserve>1 ){
      assert( (pCur->iPage==iCellDepth || CORRUPT_DB) );
      assert( pPage==pCur->pPage || CORRUPT_DB );
      assert( (pPage->nCell>0 || CORRUPT_DB) && iCellIdx<=pPage->nCell );
      pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
      if( iCellIdx>=pPage->nCell ){
        pCur->skipNext = -1;
        pCur->ix = pPage->nCell-1;
      }else{

  if( v ){
    if( pParse->bReturning ){
      Returning *pReturning = pParse->u1.pReturning;
      int addrRewind;
      int i;
      int reg;

      if( NEVER(pReturning->nRetCol==0) ){
        assert( CORRUPT_DB );
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_FkCheck);
        addrRewind =
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pReturning->iRetCur);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        reg = pReturning->iRetReg;

            sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEL->a[i].pExpr, iReg);
          }
        }
      }

      if( pParse->bReturning ){
        Returning *pRet = pParse->u1.pReturning;
        if( NEVER(pRet->nRetCol==0) ){
          assert( CORRUPT_DB );
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pRet->iRetCur, pRet->nRetCol);
        }
      }

      /* Finally, jump back to the beginning of the executable code. */

){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<nDef; i++){
    FuncDef *pOther;
    const char *zName = aDef[i].zName;
    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
    int h = SQLITE_FUNC_HASH(zName[0], nName);

    assert( aDef[i].funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_BUILTIN );
    pOther = sqlite3FunctionSearch(h, zName);
    if( pOther ){
      assert( pOther!=&aDef[i] && pOther->pNext!=&aDef[i] );
      aDef[i].pNext = pOther->pNext;
      pOther->pNext = &aDef[i];
    }else{

/* DO NOT EDIT!
** This file is automatically generated by the script in the canonical
** SQLite source tree at tool/mkctimec.tcl.
**
** To modify this header, edit any of the various lists in that script
** which specify categories of generated conditionals in this file.
*/

/*
** 2010 February 23
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.

**
** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
** rather short and uses little memory space.
*/
static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {




#ifdef SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
  "32BIT_ROWID",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_64BIT_STATS

  "ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
  "ENABLE_ICU",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",



#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
#endif

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
  "OMIT_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_JSON
  "OMIT_JSON",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
  "WIN32_MALLOC",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
  "ZERO_MALLOC",
#endif



} ;

const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
  *pnOpt = sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt) / sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt[0]);
  return (const char**)sqlite3azCompileOpt;
}

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */

    sqlite3ExprListDelete(dbMem, pStep->pExprList);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(dbMem, pStep->pSelect);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(dbMem, p->pWhen);
    sqlite3DbFree(dbMem, p);
  }
}

/*
** Clear the apTrigger[] cache of CASCADE triggers for all foreign keys
** in a particular database.  This needs to happen when the schema
** changes.
*/
void sqlite3FkClearTriggerCache(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
  HashElem *k;
  Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->tblHash;
  for(k=sqliteHashFirst(pHash); k; k=sqliteHashNext(k)){
    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(k);
    FKey *pFKey;
    if( !IsOrdinaryTable(pTab) ) continue;
    for(pFKey=pTab->u.tab.pFKey; pFKey; pFKey=pFKey->pNextFrom){
      fkTriggerDelete(db, pFKey->apTrigger[0]); pFKey->apTrigger[0] = 0;
      fkTriggerDelete(db, pFKey->apTrigger[1]); pFKey->apTrigger[1] = 0;
    }
  }
}

/*
** This function is called to generate code that runs when table pTab is
** being dropped from the database. The SrcList passed as the second argument
** to this function contains a single entry guaranteed to resolve to
** table pTab.
**
** Normally, no code is required. However, if either

  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-01470-60482 The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns
  ** the datatype code for the initial datatype of the sqlite3_value object
  ** V. The returned value is one of SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_FLOAT,
  ** SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_BLOB, or SQLITE_NULL. */
  sqlite3_result_text(context, azType[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
}

/* subtype(X)
**
** Return the subtype of X
*/
static void subtypeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3_result_int(context, sqlite3_value_subtype(argv[0]));
}

/*
** Implementation of the length() function
*/
static void lengthFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,

  return;
endInstrOOM:
  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
  goto endInstr;
}

/*
** Implementation of the printf() (a.k.a. format()) SQL function.
*/
static void printfFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  PrintfArguments x;

    WAGGREGATE(min, 1, 0, 1, minmaxStep, minMaxFinalize, minMaxValue, 0,
                                 SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX|SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER ),
    FUNCTION(max,               -1, 1, 1, minmaxFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(max,                0, 1, 1, 0                ),
    WAGGREGATE(max, 1, 1, 1, minmaxStep, minMaxFinalize, minMaxValue, 0,
                                 SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX|SQLITE_FUNC_ANYORDER ),
    FUNCTION2(typeof,            1, 0, 0, typeofFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
    FUNCTION2(subtype,           1, 0, 0, subtypeFunc, SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
    FUNCTION2(length,            1, 0, 0, lengthFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH),
    FUNCTION(instr,              2, 0, 0, instrFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(printf,            -1, 0, 0, printfFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(format,            -1, 0, 0, printfFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(unicode,            1, 0, 0, unicodeFunc      ),
    FUNCTION(char,              -1, 0, 0, charFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(abs,                1, 0, 0, absFunc          ),
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    FUNCTION(round,              1, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(round,              2, 0, 0, roundFunc        ),
#endif

    INLINE_FUNC(iif,             3, INLINEFUNC_iif,      0 ),
  };
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  sqlite3AlterFunctions();
#endif
  sqlite3WindowFunctions();
  sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions();
  sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions();
  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aBuiltinFunc, ArraySize(aBuiltinFunc));

#if 0  /* Enable to print out how the built-in functions are hashed */
  {
    int i;
    FuncDef *p;
    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){

/*
** 2015-08-12
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This SQLite JSON functions.
**
** This file began as an extension in ext/misc/json1.c in 2015.  That
** extension proved so useful that it has now been moved into the core.
**
** For the time being, all JSON is stored as pure text.  (We might add
** a JSONB type in the future which stores a binary encoding of JSON in
** a BLOB, but there is no support for JSONB in the current implementation.
** This implementation parses JSON text at 250 MB/s, so it is hard to see
** how JSONB might improve on that.)
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_JSON
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Growing our own isspace() routine this way is twice as fast as
** the library isspace() function, resulting in a 7% overall performance
** increase for the parser.  (Ubuntu14.10 gcc 4.8.4 x64 with -Os).
*/
static const char jsonIsSpace[] = {
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,     0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
};
#define fast_isspace(x) (jsonIsSpace[(unsigned char)x])

#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
#  define VVA(X)
#else
#  define VVA(X) X
#endif

/* Objects */
typedef struct JsonString JsonString;
typedef struct JsonNode JsonNode;
typedef struct JsonParse JsonParse;

/* An instance of this object represents a JSON string
** under construction.  Really, this is a generic string accumulator
** that can be and is used to create strings other than JSON.
*/
struct JsonString {
  sqlite3_context *pCtx;   /* Function context - put error messages here */
  char *zBuf;              /* Append JSON content here */
  u64 nAlloc;              /* Bytes of storage available in zBuf[] */
  u64 nUsed;               /* Bytes of zBuf[] currently used */
  u8 bStatic;              /* True if zBuf is static space */
  u8 bErr;                 /* True if an error has been encountered */
  char zSpace[100];        /* Initial static space */
};

/* JSON type values
*/
#define JSON_NULL     0
#define JSON_TRUE     1
#define JSON_FALSE    2
#define JSON_INT      3
#define JSON_REAL     4
#define JSON_STRING   5
#define JSON_ARRAY    6
#define JSON_OBJECT   7

/* The "subtype" set for JSON values */
#define JSON_SUBTYPE  74    /* Ascii for "J" */

/*
** Names of the various JSON types:
*/
static const char * const jsonType[] = {
  "null", "true", "false", "integer", "real", "text", "array", "object"
};

/* Bit values for the JsonNode.jnFlag field
*/
#define JNODE_RAW     0x01         /* Content is raw, not JSON encoded */
#define JNODE_ESCAPE  0x02         /* Content is text with \ escapes */
#define JNODE_REMOVE  0x04         /* Do not output */
#define JNODE_REPLACE 0x08         /* Replace with JsonNode.u.iReplace */
#define JNODE_PATCH   0x10         /* Patch with JsonNode.u.pPatch */
#define JNODE_APPEND  0x20         /* More ARRAY/OBJECT entries at u.iAppend */
#define JNODE_LABEL   0x40         /* Is a label of an object */


/* A single node of parsed JSON
*/
struct JsonNode {
  u8 eType;              /* One of the JSON_ type values */
  u8 jnFlags;            /* JNODE flags */
  u8 eU;                 /* Which union element to use */
  u32 n;                 /* Bytes of content, or number of sub-nodes */
  union {
    const char *zJContent; /* 1: Content for INT, REAL, and STRING */
    u32 iAppend;           /* 2: More terms for ARRAY and OBJECT */
    u32 iKey;              /* 3: Key for ARRAY objects in json_tree() */
    u32 iReplace;          /* 4: Replacement content for JNODE_REPLACE */
    JsonNode *pPatch;      /* 5: Node chain of patch for JNODE_PATCH */
  } u;
};

/* A completely parsed JSON string
*/
struct JsonParse {
  u32 nNode;         /* Number of slots of aNode[] used */
  u32 nAlloc;        /* Number of slots of aNode[] allocated */
  JsonNode *aNode;   /* Array of nodes containing the parse */
  const char *zJson; /* Original JSON string */
  u32 *aUp;          /* Index of parent of each node */
  u8 oom;            /* Set to true if out of memory */
  u8 nErr;           /* Number of errors seen */
  u16 iDepth;        /* Nesting depth */
  int nJson;         /* Length of the zJson string in bytes */
  u32 iHold;         /* Replace cache line with the lowest iHold value */
};

/*
** Maximum nesting depth of JSON for this implementation.
**
** This limit is needed to avoid a stack overflow in the recursive
** descent parser.  A depth of 2000 is far deeper than any sane JSON
** should go.
*/
#define JSON_MAX_DEPTH  2000

/**************************************************************************
** Utility routines for dealing with JsonString objects
**************************************************************************/

/* Set the JsonString object to an empty string
*/
static void jsonZero(JsonString *p){
  p->zBuf = p->zSpace;
  p->nAlloc = sizeof(p->zSpace);
  p->nUsed = 0;
  p->bStatic = 1;
}

/* Initialize the JsonString object
*/
static void jsonInit(JsonString *p, sqlite3_context *pCtx){
  p->pCtx = pCtx;
  p->bErr = 0;
  jsonZero(p);
}


/* Free all allocated memory and reset the JsonString object back to its
** initial state.
*/
static void jsonReset(JsonString *p){
  if( !p->bStatic ) sqlite3_free(p->zBuf);
  jsonZero(p);
}


/* Report an out-of-memory (OOM) condition 
*/
static void jsonOom(JsonString *p){
  p->bErr = 1;
  sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
  jsonReset(p);
}

/* Enlarge pJson->zBuf so that it can hold at least N more bytes.
** Return zero on success.  Return non-zero on an OOM error
*/
static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
  u64 nTotal = N<p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc*2 : p->nAlloc+N+10;
  char *zNew;
  if( p->bStatic ){
    if( p->bErr ) return 1;
    zNew = sqlite3_malloc64(nTotal);
    if( zNew==0 ){
      jsonOom(p);
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    memcpy(zNew, p->zBuf, (size_t)p->nUsed);
    p->zBuf = zNew;
    p->bStatic = 0;
  }else{
    zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p->zBuf, nTotal);
    if( zNew==0 ){
      jsonOom(p);
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    p->zBuf = zNew;
  }
  p->nAlloc = nTotal;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Append N bytes from zIn onto the end of the JsonString string.
*/
static void jsonAppendRaw(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
  if( N==0 ) return;
  if( (N+p->nUsed >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N)!=0 ) return;
  memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
  p->nUsed += N;
}

/* Append formatted text (not to exceed N bytes) to the JsonString.
*/
static void jsonPrintf(int N, JsonString *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  if( (p->nUsed + N >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p, N) ) return;
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  sqlite3_vsnprintf(N, p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  p->nUsed += (int)strlen(p->zBuf+p->nUsed);
}

/* Append a single character
*/
static void jsonAppendChar(JsonString *p, char c){
  if( p->nUsed>=p->nAlloc && jsonGrow(p,1)!=0 ) return;
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
}

/* Append a comma separator to the output buffer, if the previous
** character is not '[' or '{'.
*/
static void jsonAppendSeparator(JsonString *p){
  char c;
  if( p->nUsed==0 ) return;
  c = p->zBuf[p->nUsed-1];
  if( c!='[' && c!='{' ) jsonAppendChar(p, ',');
}

/* Append the N-byte string in zIn to the end of the JsonString string
** under construction.  Enclose the string in "..." and escape
** any double-quotes or backslash characters contained within the
** string.
*/
static void jsonAppendString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
  u32 i;
  if( zIn==0 || ((N+p->nUsed+2 >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+2)!=0) ) return;
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
    unsigned char c = ((unsigned const char*)zIn)[i];
    if( c=='"' || c=='\\' ){
      json_simple_escape:
      if( (p->nUsed+N+3-i > p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+3-i)!=0 ) return;
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
    }else if( c<=0x1f ){
      static const char aSpecial[] = {
         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 'b', 't', 'n', 0, 'f', 'r', 0, 0,
         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,   0,   0,   0, 0,   0,   0, 0, 0
      };
      assert( sizeof(aSpecial)==32 );
      assert( aSpecial['\b']=='b' );
      assert( aSpecial['\f']=='f' );
      assert( aSpecial['\n']=='n' );
      assert( aSpecial['\r']=='r' );
      assert( aSpecial['\t']=='t' );
      if( aSpecial[c] ){
        c = aSpecial[c];
        goto json_simple_escape;
      }
      if( (p->nUsed+N+7+i > p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+7-i)!=0 ) return;
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = 'u';
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '0';
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '0';
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '0' + (c>>4);
      c = "0123456789abcdef"[c&0xf];
    }
    p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
  }
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
  assert( p->nUsed<p->nAlloc );
}

/*
** Append a function parameter value to the JSON string under 
** construction.
*/
static void jsonAppendValue(
  JsonString *p,                 /* Append to this JSON string */
  sqlite3_value *pValue          /* Value to append */
){
  switch( sqlite3_value_type(pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_NULL: {
      jsonAppendRaw(p, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      jsonAppendRaw(p, z, n);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      if( sqlite3_value_subtype(pValue)==JSON_SUBTYPE ){
        jsonAppendRaw(p, z, n);
      }else{
        jsonAppendString(p, z, n);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      if( p->bErr==0 ){
        sqlite3_result_error(p->pCtx, "JSON cannot hold BLOB values", -1);
        p->bErr = 2;
        jsonReset(p);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}


/* Make the JSON in p the result of the SQL function.
*/
static void jsonResult(JsonString *p){
  if( p->bErr==0 ){
    sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed, 
                          p->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : sqlite3_free,
                          SQLITE_UTF8);
    jsonZero(p);
  }
  assert( p->bStatic );
}

/**************************************************************************
** Utility routines for dealing with JsonNode and JsonParse objects
**************************************************************************/

/*
** Return the number of consecutive JsonNode slots need to represent
** the parsed JSON at pNode.  The minimum answer is 1.  For ARRAY and
** OBJECT types, the number might be larger.
**
** Appended elements are not counted.  The value returned is the number
** by which the JsonNode counter should increment in order to go to the
** next peer value.
*/
static u32 jsonNodeSize(JsonNode *pNode){
  return pNode->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ? pNode->n+1 : 1;
}

/*
** Reclaim all memory allocated by a JsonParse object.  But do not
** delete the JsonParse object itself.
*/
static void jsonParseReset(JsonParse *pParse){
  sqlite3_free(pParse->aNode);
  pParse->aNode = 0;
  pParse->nNode = 0;
  pParse->nAlloc = 0;
  sqlite3_free(pParse->aUp);
  pParse->aUp = 0;
}

/*
** Free a JsonParse object that was obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
*/
static void jsonParseFree(JsonParse *pParse){
  jsonParseReset(pParse);
  sqlite3_free(pParse);
}

/*
** Convert the JsonNode pNode into a pure JSON string and
** append to pOut.  Subsubstructure is also included.  Return
** the number of JsonNode objects that are encoded.
*/
static void jsonRenderNode(
  JsonNode *pNode,               /* The node to render */
  JsonString *pOut,              /* Write JSON here */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace       /* Replacement values */
){
  assert( pNode!=0 );
  if( pNode->jnFlags & (JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_PATCH) ){
    if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE)!=0 && ALWAYS(aReplace!=0) ){
      assert( pNode->eU==4 );
      jsonAppendValue(pOut, aReplace[pNode->u.iReplace]);
      return;
    }
    assert( pNode->eU==5 );
    pNode = pNode->u.pPatch;
  }
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    default: {
      assert( pNode->eType==JSON_NULL );
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "true", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "false", 5);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        jsonAppendString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
        break;
      }
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    case JSON_REAL:
    case JSON_INT: {
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( (pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
          }
          j += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        assert( pNode->eU==2 );
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
            jsonAppendChar(pOut, ':');
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j+1], pOut, aReplace);
          }
          j += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j+1]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        assert( pNode->eU==2 );
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Return a JsonNode and all its descendents as a JSON string.
*/
static void jsonReturnJson(
  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace    /* Array of replacement values */
){
  JsonString s;
  jsonInit(&s, pCtx);
  jsonRenderNode(pNode, &s, aReplace);
  jsonResult(&s);
  sqlite3_result_subtype(pCtx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
}

/*
** Translate a single byte of Hex into an integer.
** This routine only works if h really is a valid hexadecimal
** character:  0..9a..fA..F
*/
static u8 jsonHexToInt(int h){
  assert( (h>='0' && h<='9') ||  (h>='a' && h<='f') ||  (h>='A' && h<='F') );
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
  h += 9*(1&~(h>>4));
#else
  h += 9*(1&(h>>6));
#endif
  return (u8)(h & 0xf);
}

/*
** Convert a 4-byte hex string into an integer
*/
static u32 jsonHexToInt4(const char *z){
  u32 v;
  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[0]) );
  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[1]) );
  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[2]) );
  assert( sqlite3Isxdigit(z[3]) );
  v = (jsonHexToInt(z[0])<<12)
    + (jsonHexToInt(z[1])<<8)
    + (jsonHexToInt(z[2])<<4)
    + jsonHexToInt(z[3]);
  return v;
}

/*
** Make the JsonNode the return value of the function.
*/
static void jsonReturn(
  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace    /* Array of replacement values */
){
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    default: {
      assert( pNode->eType==JSON_NULL );
      sqlite3_result_null(pCtx);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 1);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_INT: {
      sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
      const char *z;
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      z = pNode->u.zJContent;
      if( z[0]=='-' ){ z++; }
      while( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ){
        unsigned v = *(z++) - '0';
        if( i>=LARGEST_INT64/10 ){
          if( i>LARGEST_INT64/10 ) goto int_as_real;
          if( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ) goto int_as_real;
          if( v==9 ) goto int_as_real;
          if( v==8 ){
            if( pNode->u.zJContent[0]=='-' ){
              sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, SMALLEST_INT64);
              goto int_done;
            }else{
              goto int_as_real;
            }
          }
        }
        i = i*10 + v;
      }
      if( pNode->u.zJContent[0]=='-' ){ i = -i; }
      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, i);
      int_done:
      break;
      int_as_real: ; /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    case JSON_REAL: {
      double r;
#ifdef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
      const char *z;
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      z = pNode->u.zJContent;
      sqlite3AtoF(z, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(z), SQLITE_UTF8);
#else
      assert( pNode->eU==1 );
      r = strtod(pNode->u.zJContent, 0);
#endif
      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
#if 0 /* Never happens because JNODE_RAW is only set by json_set(),
      ** json_insert() and json_replace() and those routines do not
      ** call jsonReturn() */
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else 
#endif
      assert( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
      if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_ESCAPE)==0 ){
        /* JSON formatted without any backslash-escapes */
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent+1, pNode->n-2,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else{
        /* Translate JSON formatted string into raw text */
        u32 i;
        u32 n = pNode->n;
        const char *z;
        char *zOut;
        u32 j;
        assert( pNode->eU==1 );
        z = pNode->u.zJContent;
        zOut = sqlite3_malloc( n+1 );
        if( zOut==0 ){
          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
          break;
        }
        for(i=1, j=0; i<n-1; i++){
          char c = z[i];
          if( c!='\\' ){
            zOut[j++] = c;
          }else{
            c = z[++i];
            if( c=='u' ){
              u32 v = jsonHexToInt4(z+i+1);
              i += 4;
              if( v==0 ) break;
              if( v<=0x7f ){
                zOut[j++] = (char)v;
              }else if( v<=0x7ff ){
                zOut[j++] = (char)(0xc0 | (v>>6));
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
              }else{
                u32 vlo;
                if( (v&0xfc00)==0xd800
                  && i<n-6
                  && z[i+1]=='\\'
                  && z[i+2]=='u'
                  && ((vlo = jsonHexToInt4(z+i+3))&0xfc00)==0xdc00
                ){
                  /* We have a surrogate pair */
                  v = ((v&0x3ff)<<10) + (vlo&0x3ff) + 0x10000;
                  i += 6;
                  zOut[j++] = 0xf0 | (v>>18);
                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>12)&0x3f);
                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
                }else{
                  zOut[j++] = 0xe0 | (v>>12);
                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
                  zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
                }
              }
            }else{
              if( c=='b' ){
                c = '\b';
              }else if( c=='f' ){
                c = '\f';
              }else if( c=='n' ){
                c = '\n';
              }else if( c=='r' ){
                c = '\r';
              }else if( c=='t' ){
                c = '\t';
              }
              zOut[j++] = c;
            }
          }
        }
        zOut[j] = 0;
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zOut, j, sqlite3_free);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY:
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      jsonReturnJson(pNode, pCtx, aReplace);
      break;
    }
  }
}

/* Forward reference */
static int jsonParseAddNode(JsonParse*,u32,u32,const char*);

/*
** A macro to hint to the compiler that a function should not be
** inlined.
*/
#if defined(__GNUC__)
#  define JSON_NOINLINE  __attribute__((noinline))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1310
#  define JSON_NOINLINE  __declspec(noinline)
#else
#  define JSON_NOINLINE
#endif


static JSON_NOINLINE int jsonParseAddNodeExpand(
  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
  u32 eType,                /* Node type */
  u32 n,                    /* Content size or sub-node count */
  const char *zContent      /* Content */
){
  u32 nNew;
  JsonNode *pNew;
  assert( pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc );
  if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
  nNew = pParse->nAlloc*2 + 10;
  pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(pParse->aNode, sizeof(JsonNode)*nNew);
  if( pNew==0 ){
    pParse->oom = 1;
    return -1;
  }
  pParse->nAlloc = nNew;
  pParse->aNode = pNew;
  assert( pParse->nNode<pParse->nAlloc );
  return jsonParseAddNode(pParse, eType, n, zContent);
}

/*
** Create a new JsonNode instance based on the arguments and append that
** instance to the JsonParse.  Return the index in pParse->aNode[] of the
** new node, or -1 if a memory allocation fails.
*/
static int jsonParseAddNode(
  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
  u32 eType,                /* Node type */
  u32 n,                    /* Content size or sub-node count */
  const char *zContent      /* Content */
){
  JsonNode *p;
  if( pParse->aNode==0 || pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc ){
    return jsonParseAddNodeExpand(pParse, eType, n, zContent);
  }
  p = &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode];
  p->eType = (u8)eType;
  p->jnFlags = 0;
  VVA( p->eU = zContent ? 1 : 0 );
  p->n = n;
  p->u.zJContent = zContent;
  return pParse->nNode++;
}

/*
** Return true if z[] begins with 4 (or more) hexadecimal digits
*/
static int jsonIs4Hex(const char *z){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<4; i++) if( !sqlite3Isxdigit(z[i]) ) return 0;
  return 1;
}

/*
** Parse a single JSON value which begins at pParse->zJson[i].  Return the
** index of the first character past the end of the value parsed.
**
** Return negative for a syntax error.  Special cases:  return -2 if the
** first non-whitespace character is '}' and return -3 if the first
** non-whitespace character is ']'.
*/
static int jsonParseValue(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i){
  char c;
  u32 j;
  int iThis;
  int x;
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *z = pParse->zJson;
  while( fast_isspace(z[i]) ){ i++; }
  if( (c = z[i])=='{' ){
    /* Parse object */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){ j++; }
      if( ++pParse->iDepth > JSON_MAX_DEPTH ) return -1;
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ){
        pParse->iDepth--;
        if( x==(-2) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;
        return -1;
      }
      if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
      pNode = &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1];
      if( pNode->eType!=JSON_STRING ) return -1;
      pNode->jnFlags |= JNODE_LABEL;
      j = x;
      while( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){ j++; }
      if( z[j]!=':' ) return -1;
      j++;
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      pParse->iDepth--;
      if( x<0 ) return -1;
      j = x;
      while( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){ j++; }
      c = z[j];
      if( c==',' ) continue;
      if( c!='}' ) return -1;
      break;
    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='[' ){
    /* Parse array */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    memset(&pParse->aNode[iThis].u, 0, sizeof(pParse->aNode[iThis].u));
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){ j++; }
      if( ++pParse->iDepth > JSON_MAX_DEPTH ) return -1;
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      pParse->iDepth--;
      if( x<0 ){
        if( x==(-3) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;
        return -1;
      }
      j = x;
      while( fast_isspace(z[j]) ){ j++; }
      c = z[j];
      if( c==',' ) continue;
      if( c!=']' ) return -1;
      break;
    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='"' ){
    /* Parse string */
    u8 jnFlags = 0;
    j = i+1;
    for(;;){
      c = z[j];
      if( (c & ~0x1f)==0 ){
        /* Control characters are not allowed in strings */
        return -1;
      }
      if( c=='\\' ){
        c = z[++j];
        if( c=='"' || c=='\\' || c=='/' || c=='b' || c=='f'
           || c=='n' || c=='r' || c=='t'
           || (c=='u' && jsonIs4Hex(z+j+1)) ){
          jnFlags = JNODE_ESCAPE;
        }else{
          return -1;
        }
      }else if( c=='"' ){
        break;
      }
      j++;
    }
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, j+1-i, &z[i]);
    if( !pParse->oom ) pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1].jnFlags = jnFlags;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='n'
         && strncmp(z+i,"null",4)==0
         && !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+4]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
    return i+4;
  }else if( c=='t'
         && strncmp(z+i,"true",4)==0
         && !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+4]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_TRUE, 0, 0);
    return i+4;
  }else if( c=='f'
         && strncmp(z+i,"false",5)==0
         && !sqlite3Isalnum(z[i+5]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_FALSE, 0, 0);
    return i+5;
  }else if( c=='-' || (c>='0' && c<='9') ){
    /* Parse number */
    u8 seenDP = 0;
    u8 seenE = 0;
    assert( '-' < '0' );
    if( c<='0' ){
      j = c=='-' ? i+1 : i;
      if( z[j]=='0' && z[j+1]>='0' && z[j+1]<='9' ) return -1;
    }
    j = i+1;
    for(;; j++){
      c = z[j];
      if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) continue;
      if( c=='.' ){
        if( z[j-1]=='-' ) return -1;
        if( seenDP ) return -1;
        seenDP = 1;
        continue;
      }
      if( c=='e' || c=='E' ){
        if( z[j-1]<'0' ) return -1;
        if( seenE ) return -1;
        seenDP = seenE = 1;
        c = z[j+1];
        if( c=='+' || c=='-' ){
          j++;
          c = z[j+1];
        }
        if( c<'0' || c>'9' ) return -1;
        continue;
      }
      break;
    }
    if( z[j-1]<'0' ) return -1;
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, seenDP ? JSON_REAL : JSON_INT,
                        j - i, &z[i]);
    return j;
  }else if( c=='}' ){
    return -2;  /* End of {...} */
  }else if( c==']' ){
    return -3;  /* End of [...] */
  }else if( c==0 ){
    return 0;   /* End of file */
  }else{
    return -1;  /* Syntax error */
  }
}

/*
** Parse a complete JSON string.  Return 0 on success or non-zero if there
** are any errors.  If an error occurs, free all memory associated with
** pParse.
**
** pParse is uninitialized when this routine is called.
*/
static int jsonParse(
  JsonParse *pParse,           /* Initialize and fill this JsonParse object */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* Report errors here */
  const char *zJson            /* Input JSON text to be parsed */
){
  int i;
  memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(*pParse));
  if( zJson==0 ) return 1;
  pParse->zJson = zJson;
  i = jsonParseValue(pParse, 0);
  if( pParse->oom ) i = -1;
  if( i>0 ){
    assert( pParse->iDepth==0 );
    while( fast_isspace(zJson[i]) ) i++;
    if( zJson[i] ) i = -1;
  }
  if( i<=0 ){
    if( pCtx!=0 ){
      if( pParse->oom ){
        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
      }else{
        sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "malformed JSON", -1);
      }
    }
    jsonParseReset(pParse);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Mark node i of pParse as being a child of iParent.  Call recursively
** to fill in all the descendants of node i.
*/
static void jsonParseFillInParentage(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i, u32 iParent){
  JsonNode *pNode = &pParse->aNode[i];
  u32 j;
  pParse->aUp[i] = iParent;
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j)){
        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j, i);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j+1)+1){
        pParse->aUp[i+j] = i;
        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j+1, i);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Compute the parentage of all nodes in a completed parse.
*/
static int jsonParseFindParents(JsonParse *pParse){
  u32 *aUp;
  assert( pParse->aUp==0 );
  aUp = pParse->aUp = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(u32)*pParse->nNode );
  if( aUp==0 ){
    pParse->oom = 1;
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, 0, 0);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Magic number used for the JSON parse cache in sqlite3_get_auxdata()
*/
#define JSON_CACHE_ID  (-429938)  /* First cache entry */
#define JSON_CACHE_SZ  4          /* Max number of cache entries */

/*
** Obtain a complete parse of the JSON found in the first argument
** of the argv array.  Use the sqlite3_get_auxdata() cache for this
** parse if it is available.  If the cache is not available or if it
** is no longer valid, parse the JSON again and return the new parse,
** and also register the new parse so that it will be available for
** future sqlite3_get_auxdata() calls.
*/
static JsonParse *jsonParseCached(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  sqlite3_value **argv,
  sqlite3_context *pErrCtx
){
  const char *zJson = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  int nJson = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
  JsonParse *p;
  JsonParse *pMatch = 0;
  int iKey;
  int iMinKey = 0;
  u32 iMinHold = 0xffffffff;
  u32 iMaxHold = 0;
  if( zJson==0 ) return 0;
  for(iKey=0; iKey<JSON_CACHE_SZ; iKey++){
    p = (JsonParse*)sqlite3_get_auxdata(pCtx, JSON_CACHE_ID+iKey);
    if( p==0 ){
      iMinKey = iKey;
      break;
    }
    if( pMatch==0
     && p->nJson==nJson
     && memcmp(p->zJson,zJson,nJson)==0
    ){
      p->nErr = 0;
      pMatch = p;
    }else if( p->iHold<iMinHold ){
      iMinHold = p->iHold;
      iMinKey = iKey;
    }
    if( p->iHold>iMaxHold ){
      iMaxHold = p->iHold;
    }
  }
  if( pMatch ){
    pMatch->nErr = 0;
    pMatch->iHold = iMaxHold+1;
    return pMatch;
  }
  p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*p) + nJson + 1 );
  if( p==0 ){
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
    return 0;
  }
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
  p->zJson = (char*)&p[1];
  memcpy((char*)p->zJson, zJson, nJson+1);
  if( jsonParse(p, pErrCtx, p->zJson) ){
    sqlite3_free(p);
    return 0;
  }
  p->nJson = nJson;
  p->iHold = iMaxHold+1;
  sqlite3_set_auxdata(pCtx, JSON_CACHE_ID+iMinKey, p,
                      (void(*)(void*))jsonParseFree);
  return (JsonParse*)sqlite3_get_auxdata(pCtx, JSON_CACHE_ID+iMinKey);
}

/*
** Compare the OBJECT label at pNode against zKey,nKey.  Return true on
** a match.
*/
static int jsonLabelCompare(JsonNode *pNode, const char *zKey, u32 nKey){
  assert( pNode->eU==1 );
  if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
    if( pNode->n!=nKey ) return 0;
    return strncmp(pNode->u.zJContent, zKey, nKey)==0;
  }else{
    if( pNode->n!=nKey+2 ) return 0;
    return strncmp(pNode->u.zJContent+1, zKey, nKey)==0;
  }
}

/* forward declaration */
static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(JsonParse*,const char*,int*,const char**);

/*
** Search along zPath to find the node specified.  Return a pointer
** to that node, or NULL if zPath is malformed or if there is no such
** node.
**
** If pApnd!=0, then try to append new nodes to complete zPath if it is
** possible to do so and if no existing node corresponds to zPath.  If
** new nodes are appended *pApnd is set to 1.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
  JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
  u32 iRoot,              /* Begin the search at this node */
  const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
  int *pApnd,             /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
  const char **pzErr      /* Make *pzErr point to any syntax error in zPath */
){
  u32 i, j, nKey;
  const char *zKey;
  JsonNode *pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
  if( zPath[0]==0 ) return pRoot;
  if( pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ) return 0;
  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ) return 0;
    zPath++;
    if( zPath[0]=='"' ){
      zKey = zPath + 1;
      for(i=1; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='"'; i++){}
      nKey = i-1;
      if( zPath[i] ){
        i++;
      }else{
        *pzErr = zPath;
        return 0;
      }
    }else{
      zKey = zPath;
      for(i=0; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='.' && zPath[i]!='['; i++){}
      nKey = i;
    }
    if( nKey==0 ){
      *pzErr = zPath;
      return 0;
    }
    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n ){
        if( jsonLabelCompare(pRoot+j, zKey, nKey) ){
          return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j+1, &zPath[i], pApnd, pzErr);
        }
        j++;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      assert( pRoot->eU==2 );
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( pApnd ){
      u32 iStart, iLabel;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
      zPath += i;
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        assert( pRoot->eU==0 );
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
        VVA( pRoot->eU = 2 );
        pParse->aNode[iLabel].jnFlags |= JNODE_RAW;
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else if( zPath[0]=='[' ){
    i = 0;
    j = 1;
    while( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[j]) ){
      i = i*10 + zPath[j] - '0';
      j++;
    }
    if( j<2 || zPath[j]!=']' ){
      if( zPath[1]=='#' ){
        JsonNode *pBase = pRoot;
        int iBase = iRoot;
        if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
        for(;;){
          while( j<=pBase->n ){
            if( (pBase[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i++;
            j += jsonNodeSize(&pBase[j]);
          }
          if( (pBase->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
          assert( pBase->eU==2 );
          iBase += pBase->u.iAppend;
          pBase = &pParse->aNode[iBase];
          j = 1;
        }
        j = 2;
        if( zPath[2]=='-' && sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[3]) ){
          unsigned int x = 0;
          j = 3;
          do{
            x = x*10 + zPath[j] - '0';
            j++;
          }while( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[j]) );
          if( x>i ) return 0;
          i -= x;
        }
        if( zPath[j]!=']' ){
          *pzErr = zPath;
          return 0;
        }
      }else{
        *pzErr = zPath;
        return 0;
      }
    }
    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
    zPath += j + 1;
    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n && (i>0 || (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)!=0) ){
        if( (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i--;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      assert( pRoot->eU==2 );
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( j<=pRoot->n ){
      return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
    }
    if( i==0 && pApnd ){
      u32 iStart;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 1, 0);
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        assert( pRoot->eU==0 );
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
        VVA( pRoot->eU = 2 );
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else{
    *pzErr = zPath;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Append content to pParse that will complete zPath.  Return a pointer
** to the inserted node, or return NULL if the append fails.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(
  JsonParse *pParse,     /* Append content to the JSON parse */
  const char *zPath,     /* Description of content to append */
  int *pApnd,            /* Set this flag to 1 */
  const char **pzErr     /* Make this point to any syntax error */
){
  *pApnd = 1;
  if( zPath[0]==0 ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
    return pParse->oom ? 0 : &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1];
  }
  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
  }else if( strncmp(zPath,"[0]",3)==0 ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
  return jsonLookupStep(pParse, pParse->nNode-1, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
}

/*
** Return the text of a syntax error message on a JSON path.  Space is
** obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
*/
static char *jsonPathSyntaxError(const char *zErr){
  return sqlite3_mprintf("JSON path error near '%q'", zErr);
}

/*
** Do a node lookup using zPath.  Return a pointer to the node on success.
** Return NULL if not found or if there is an error.
**
** On an error, write an error message into pCtx and increment the
** pParse->nErr counter.
**
** If pApnd!=NULL then try to append missing nodes and set *pApnd = 1 if
** nodes are appended.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookup(
  JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
  const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
  int *pApnd,             /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx   /* Report errors here, if not NULL */
){
  const char *zErr = 0;
  JsonNode *pNode = 0;
  char *zMsg;

  if( zPath==0 ) return 0;
  if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
    zErr = zPath;
    goto lookup_err;
  }
  zPath++;
  pNode = jsonLookupStep(pParse, 0, zPath, pApnd, &zErr);
  if( zErr==0 ) return pNode;

lookup_err:
  pParse->nErr++;
  assert( zErr!=0 && pCtx!=0 );
  zMsg = jsonPathSyntaxError(zErr);
  if( zMsg ){
    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
    sqlite3_free(zMsg);
  }else{
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
  }
  return 0;
}


/*
** Report the wrong number of arguments for json_insert(), json_replace()
** or json_set().
*/
static void jsonWrongNumArgs(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const char *zFuncName
){
  char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("json_%s() needs an odd number of arguments",
                               zFuncName);
  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
  sqlite3_free(zMsg);     
}

/*
** Mark all NULL entries in the Object passed in as JNODE_REMOVE.
*/
static void jsonRemoveAllNulls(JsonNode *pNode){
  int i, n;
  assert( pNode->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
  n = pNode->n;
  for(i=2; i<=n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[i])+1){
    switch( pNode[i].eType ){
      case JSON_NULL:
        pNode[i].jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
        break;
      case JSON_OBJECT:
        jsonRemoveAllNulls(&pNode[i]);
        break;
    }
  }
}


/****************************************************************************
** SQL functions used for testing and debugging
****************************************************************************/

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** The json_parse(JSON) function returns a string which describes
** a parse of the JSON provided.  Or it returns NULL if JSON is not
** well-formed.
*/
static void jsonParseFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonString s;       /* Output string - not real JSON */
  JsonParse x;        /* The parse */
  u32 i;

  assert( argc==1 );
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  jsonParseFindParents(&x);
  jsonInit(&s, ctx);
  for(i=0; i<x.nNode; i++){
    const char *zType;
    if( x.aNode[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ){
      assert( x.aNode[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
      zType = "label";
    }else{
      zType = jsonType[x.aNode[i].eType];
    }
    jsonPrintf(100, &s,"node %3u: %7s n=%-4d up=%-4d",
               i, zType, x.aNode[i].n, x.aUp[i]);
    assert( x.aNode[i].eU==0 || x.aNode[i].eU==1 );
    if( x.aNode[i].u.zJContent!=0 ){
      assert( x.aNode[i].eU==1 );
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, " ", 1);
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, x.aNode[i].u.zJContent, x.aNode[i].n);
    }else{
      assert( x.aNode[i].eU==0 );
    }
    jsonAppendRaw(&s, "\n", 1);
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  jsonResult(&s);
}

/*
** The json_test1(JSON) function return true (1) if the input is JSON
** text generated by another json function.  It returns (0) if the input
** is not known to be JSON.
*/
static void jsonTest1Func(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_value_subtype(argv[0])==JSON_SUBTYPE);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/****************************************************************************
** Scalar SQL function implementations
****************************************************************************/

/*
** Implementation of the json_QUOTE(VALUE) function.  Return a JSON value
** corresponding to the SQL value input.  Mostly this means putting 
** double-quotes around strings and returning the unquoted string "null"
** when given a NULL input.
*/
static void jsonQuoteFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonString jx;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);

  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[0]);
  jsonResult(&jx);
  sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
}

/*
** Implementation of the json_array(VALUE,...) function.  Return a JSON
** array that contains all values given in arguments.  Or if any argument
** is a BLOB, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonArrayFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  int i;
  JsonString jx;

  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i]);
  }
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
  jsonResult(&jx);
  sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
}


/*
** json_array_length(JSON)
** json_array_length(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the number of elements in the top-level JSON array.  
** Return 0 if the input is not a well-formed JSON array.
*/
static void jsonArrayLengthFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
  sqlite3_int64 n = 0;
  u32 i;
  JsonNode *pNode;

  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv, ctx);
  if( p==0 ) return;
  assert( p->nNode );
  if( argc==2 ){
    const char *zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
  }else{
    pNode = p->aNode;
  }
  if( pNode==0 ){
    return;
  }
  if( pNode->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
    assert( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
    for(i=1; i<=pNode->n; n++){
      i += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[i]);
    }
  }
  sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, n);
}

/*
** Bit values for the flags passed into jsonExtractFunc() or
** jsonSetFunc() via the user-data value.
*/
#define JSON_JSON      0x01        /* Result is always JSON */
#define JSON_SQL       0x02        /* Result is always SQL */
#define JSON_ABPATH    0x03        /* Allow abbreviated JSON path specs */
#define JSON_ISSET     0x04        /* json_set(), not json_insert() */

/*
** json_extract(JSON, PATH, ...)
** "->"(JSON,PATH)
** "->>"(JSON,PATH)
**
** Return the element described by PATH.  Return NULL if that PATH element
** is not found.
**
** If JSON_JSON is set or if more that one PATH argument is supplied then
** always return a JSON representation of the result.  If JSON_SQL is set,
** then always return an SQL representation of the result.  If neither flag
** is present and argc==2, then return JSON for objects and arrays and SQL
** for all other values.
**
** When multiple PATH arguments are supplied, the result is a JSON array
** containing the result of each PATH.
**
** Abbreviated JSON path expressions are allows if JSON_ABPATH, for
** compatibility with PG.
*/
static void jsonExtractFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  int flags = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(sqlite3_user_data(ctx));
  JsonString jx;

  if( argc<2 ) return;
  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv, ctx);
  if( p==0 ) return;
  if( argc==2 ){
    /* With a single PATH argument */
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    if( zPath==0 ) return;
    if( flags & JSON_ABPATH ){
      if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
        /* The -> and ->> operators accept abbreviated PATH arguments.  This
        ** is mostly for compatibility with PostgreSQL, but also for
        ** convenience.
        **
        **     NUMBER   ==>  $[NUMBER]     // PG compatible
        **     LABEL    ==>  $.LABEL       // PG compatible
        **     [NUMBER] ==>  $[NUMBER]     // Not PG.  Purely for convenience
        */
        jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
        if( sqlite3Isdigit(zPath[0]) ){
          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, "$[", 2);
          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, (int)strlen(zPath));
          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, "]", 2);
        }else{
          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, "$.", 1 + (zPath[0]!='['));
          jsonAppendRaw(&jx, zPath, (int)strlen(zPath));
          jsonAppendChar(&jx, 0);
        }
        pNode = jx.bErr ? 0 : jsonLookup(p, jx.zBuf, 0, ctx);
        jsonReset(&jx);
      }else{
        pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
      }
      if( pNode ){
        if( flags & JSON_JSON ){
          jsonReturnJson(pNode, ctx, 0);
        }else{
          jsonReturn(pNode, ctx, 0);
          sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, 0);
        }
      }
    }else{
      pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
      if( p->nErr==0 && pNode ) jsonReturn(pNode, ctx, 0);
    }
  }else{
    /* Two or more PATH arguments results in a JSON array with each
    ** element of the array being the value selected by one of the PATHs */
    int i;
    jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
    jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
    for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
      if( p->nErr ) break;
      jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
      if( pNode ){
        jsonRenderNode(pNode, &jx, 0);
      }else{
        jsonAppendRaw(&jx, "null", 4);
      }
    }
    if( i==argc ){
      jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
      jsonResult(&jx);
      sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
    }
    jsonReset(&jx);
  }
}

/* This is the RFC 7396 MergePatch algorithm.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonMergePatch(
  JsonParse *pParse,   /* The JSON parser that contains the TARGET */
  u32 iTarget,         /* Node of the TARGET in pParse */
  JsonNode *pPatch     /* The PATCH */
){
  u32 i, j;
  u32 iRoot;
  JsonNode *pTarget;
  if( pPatch->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ){
    return pPatch;
  }
  assert( iTarget>=0 && iTarget<pParse->nNode );
  pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
  assert( (pPatch->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
  if( pTarget->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ){
    jsonRemoveAllNulls(pPatch);
    return pPatch;
  }
  iRoot = iTarget;
  for(i=1; i<pPatch->n; i += jsonNodeSize(&pPatch[i+1])+1){
    u32 nKey;
    const char *zKey;
    assert( pPatch[i].eType==JSON_STRING );
    assert( pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
    assert( pPatch[i].eU==1 );
    nKey = pPatch[i].n;
    zKey = pPatch[i].u.zJContent;
    assert( (pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
    for(j=1; j<pTarget->n; j += jsonNodeSize(&pTarget[j+1])+1 ){
      assert( pTarget[j].eType==JSON_STRING );
      assert( pTarget[j].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
      assert( (pPatch[i].jnFlags & JNODE_RAW)==0 );
      if( pTarget[j].n==nKey && strncmp(pTarget[j].u.zJContent,zKey,nKey)==0 ){
        if( pTarget[j+1].jnFlags & (JNODE_REMOVE|JNODE_PATCH) ) break;
        if( pPatch[i+1].eType==JSON_NULL ){
          pTarget[j+1].jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
        }else{
          JsonNode *pNew = jsonMergePatch(pParse, iTarget+j+1, &pPatch[i+1]);
          if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
          pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
          if( pNew!=&pTarget[j+1] ){
            assert( pTarget[j+1].eU==0
                 || pTarget[j+1].eU==1
                 || pTarget[j+1].eU==2 );
            testcase( pTarget[j+1].eU==1 );
            testcase( pTarget[j+1].eU==2 );
            VVA( pTarget[j+1].eU = 5 );
            pTarget[j+1].u.pPatch = pNew;
            pTarget[j+1].jnFlags |= JNODE_PATCH;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    if( j>=pTarget->n && pPatch[i+1].eType!=JSON_NULL ){
      int iStart, iPatch;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
      jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, nKey, zKey);
      iPatch = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_TRUE, 0, 0);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      jsonRemoveAllNulls(pPatch);
      pTarget = &pParse->aNode[iTarget];
      assert( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU==0 || pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU==2 );
      testcase( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU==2 );
      pParse->aNode[iRoot].jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
      VVA( pParse->aNode[iRoot].eU = 2 );
      pParse->aNode[iRoot].u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
      iRoot = iStart;
      assert( pParse->aNode[iPatch].eU==0 );
      VVA( pParse->aNode[iPatch].eU = 5 );
      pParse->aNode[iPatch].jnFlags |= JNODE_PATCH;
      pParse->aNode[iPatch].u.pPatch = &pPatch[i+1];
    }
  }
  return pTarget;
}

/*
** Implementation of the json_mergepatch(JSON1,JSON2) function.  Return a JSON
** object that is the result of running the RFC 7396 MergePatch() algorithm
** on the two arguments.
*/
static void jsonPatchFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;     /* The JSON that is being patched */
  JsonParse y;     /* The patch */
  JsonNode *pResult;   /* The result of the merge */

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&y, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1])) ){
    jsonParseReset(&x);
    return;
  }
  pResult = jsonMergePatch(&x, 0, y.aNode);
  assert( pResult!=0 || x.oom );
  if( pResult ){
    jsonReturnJson(pResult, ctx, 0);
  }else{
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  jsonParseReset(&y);
}


/*
** Implementation of the json_object(NAME,VALUE,...) function.  Return a JSON
** object that contains all name/value given in arguments.  Or if any name
** is not a string or if any value is a BLOB, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonObjectFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  int i;
  JsonString jx;
  const char *z;
  u32 n;

  if( argc&1 ){
    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() requires an even number "
                                  "of arguments", -1);
    return;
  }
  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '{');
  for(i=0; i<argc; i+=2){
    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
      sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() labels must be TEXT", -1);
      jsonReset(&jx);
      return;
    }
    jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
    z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
    jsonAppendString(&jx, z, n);
    jsonAppendChar(&jx, ':');
    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i+1]);
  }
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '}');
  jsonResult(&jx);
  sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
}


/*
** json_remove(JSON, PATH, ...)
**
** Remove the named elements from JSON and return the result.  malformed
** JSON or PATH arguments result in an error.
*/
static void jsonRemoveFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  assert( x.nNode );
  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i++){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    if( zPath==0 ) goto remove_done;
    pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx);
    if( x.nErr ) goto remove_done;
    if( pNode ) pNode->jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
  }
  if( (x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
    jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, 0);
  }
remove_done:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_replace(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Replace the value at PATH with VALUE.  If PATH does not already exist,
** this routine is a no-op.  If JSON or PATH is malformed, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonReplaceFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
    jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, "replace");
    return;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  assert( x.nNode );
  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx);
    if( x.nErr ) goto replace_err;
    if( pNode ){
      assert( pNode->eU==0 || pNode->eU==1 || pNode->eU==4 );
      testcase( pNode->eU!=0 && pNode->eU!=1 );
      pNode->jnFlags |= (u8)JNODE_REPLACE;
      VVA( pNode->eU =  4 );
      pNode->u.iReplace = i + 1;
    }
  }
  if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
    assert( x.aNode[0].eU==4 );
    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].u.iReplace]);
  }else{
    jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
  }
replace_err:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}


/*
** json_set(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Set the value at PATH to VALUE.  Create the PATH if it does not already
** exist.  Overwrite existing values that do exist.
** If JSON or PATH is malformed, throw an error.
**
** json_insert(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Create PATH and initialize it to VALUE.  If PATH already exists, this
** routine is a no-op.  If JSON or PATH is malformed, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonSetFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;
  int bApnd;
  int bIsSet = sqlite3_user_data(ctx)!=0;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
    jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, bIsSet ? "set" : "insert");
    return;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  assert( x.nNode );
  for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    bApnd = 0;
    pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, &bApnd, ctx);
    if( x.oom ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
      goto jsonSetDone;
    }else if( x.nErr ){
      goto jsonSetDone;
    }else if( pNode && (bApnd || bIsSet) ){
      testcase( pNode->eU!=0 && pNode->eU!=1 && pNode->eU!=4 );
      assert( pNode->eU!=3 || pNode->eU!=5 );
      VVA( pNode->eU = 4 );
      pNode->jnFlags |= (u8)JNODE_REPLACE;
      pNode->u.iReplace = i + 1;
    }
  }
  if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
    assert( x.aNode[0].eU==4 );
    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].u.iReplace]);
  }else{
    jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
  }
jsonSetDone:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_type(JSON)
** json_type(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the top-level "type" of a JSON string.  json_type() raises an
** error if either the JSON or PATH inputs are not well-formed.
*/
static void jsonTypeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
  const char *zPath;
  JsonNode *pNode;

  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv, ctx);
  if( p==0 ) return;
  if( argc==2 ){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    pNode = jsonLookup(p, zPath, 0, ctx);
  }else{
    pNode = p->aNode;
  }
  if( pNode ){
    sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pNode->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
  }
}

/*
** json_valid(JSON)
**
** Return 1 if JSON is a well-formed JSON string according to RFC-7159.
** Return 0 otherwise.
*/
static void jsonValidFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse *p;          /* The parse */
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  p = jsonParseCached(ctx, argv, 0);
  sqlite3_result_int(ctx, p!=0);
}


/****************************************************************************
** Aggregate SQL function implementations
****************************************************************************/
/*
** json_group_array(VALUE)
**
** Return a JSON array composed of all values in the aggregate.
*/
static void jsonArrayStep(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonString *pStr;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, sizeof(*pStr));
  if( pStr ){
    if( pStr->zBuf==0 ){
      jsonInit(pStr, ctx);
      jsonAppendChar(pStr, '[');
    }else if( pStr->nUsed>1 ){
      jsonAppendChar(pStr, ',');
    }
    pStr->pCtx = ctx;
    jsonAppendValue(pStr, argv[0]);
  }
}
static void jsonArrayCompute(sqlite3_context *ctx, int isFinal){
  JsonString *pStr;
  pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, 0);
  if( pStr ){
    pStr->pCtx = ctx;
    jsonAppendChar(pStr, ']');
    if( pStr->bErr ){
      if( pStr->bErr==1 ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
      assert( pStr->bStatic );
    }else if( isFinal ){
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed,
                          pStr->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : sqlite3_free);
      pStr->bStatic = 1;
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      pStr->nUsed--;
    }
  }else{
    sqlite3_result_text(ctx, "[]", 2, SQLITE_STATIC);
  }
  sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
}
static void jsonArrayValue(sqlite3_context *ctx){
  jsonArrayCompute(ctx, 0);
}
static void jsonArrayFinal(sqlite3_context *ctx){
  jsonArrayCompute(ctx, 1);
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
/*
** This method works for both json_group_array() and json_group_object().
** It works by removing the first element of the group by searching forward
** to the first comma (",") that is not within a string and deleting all
** text through that comma.
*/
static void jsonGroupInverse(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  unsigned int i;
  int inStr = 0;
  int nNest = 0;
  char *z;
  char c;
  JsonString *pStr;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
  pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, 0);
#ifdef NEVER
  /* pStr is always non-NULL since jsonArrayStep() or jsonObjectStep() will
  ** always have been called to initalize it */
  if( NEVER(!pStr) ) return;
#endif
  z = pStr->zBuf;
  for(i=1; i<pStr->nUsed && ((c = z[i])!=',' || inStr || nNest); i++){
    if( c=='"' ){
      inStr = !inStr;
    }else if( c=='\\' ){
      i++;
    }else if( !inStr ){
      if( c=='{' || c=='[' ) nNest++;
      if( c=='}' || c==']' ) nNest--;
    }
  }
  if( i<pStr->nUsed ){
    pStr->nUsed -= i;
    memmove(&z[1], &z[i+1], (size_t)pStr->nUsed-1);
    z[pStr->nUsed] = 0;
  }else{
    pStr->nUsed = 1;
  }
}
#else
# define jsonGroupInverse 0
#endif


/*
** json_group_obj(NAME,VALUE)
**
** Return a JSON object composed of all names and values in the aggregate.
*/
static void jsonObjectStep(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonString *pStr;
  const char *z;
  u32 n;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, sizeof(*pStr));
  if( pStr ){
    if( pStr->zBuf==0 ){
      jsonInit(pStr, ctx);
      jsonAppendChar(pStr, '{');
    }else if( pStr->nUsed>1 ){
      jsonAppendChar(pStr, ',');
    }
    pStr->pCtx = ctx;
    z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
    n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
    jsonAppendString(pStr, z, n);
    jsonAppendChar(pStr, ':');
    jsonAppendValue(pStr, argv[1]);
  }
}
static void jsonObjectCompute(sqlite3_context *ctx, int isFinal){
  JsonString *pStr;
  pStr = (JsonString*)sqlite3_aggregate_context(ctx, 0);
  if( pStr ){
    jsonAppendChar(pStr, '}');
    if( pStr->bErr ){
      if( pStr->bErr==1 ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
      assert( pStr->bStatic );
    }else if( isFinal ){
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed,
                          pStr->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : sqlite3_free);
      pStr->bStatic = 1;
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pStr->zBuf, (int)pStr->nUsed, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      pStr->nUsed--;
    }
  }else{
    sqlite3_result_text(ctx, "{}", 2, SQLITE_STATIC);
  }
  sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, JSON_SUBTYPE);
}
static void jsonObjectValue(sqlite3_context *ctx){
  jsonObjectCompute(ctx, 0);
}
static void jsonObjectFinal(sqlite3_context *ctx){
  jsonObjectCompute(ctx, 1);
}



#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/****************************************************************************
** The json_each virtual table
****************************************************************************/
typedef struct JsonEachCursor JsonEachCursor;
struct JsonEachCursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  u32 iRowid;                /* The rowid */
  u32 iBegin;                /* The first node of the scan */
  u32 i;                     /* Index in sParse.aNode[] of current row */
  u32 iEnd;                  /* EOF when i equals or exceeds this value */
  u8 eType;                  /* Type of top-level element */
  u8 bRecursive;             /* True for json_tree().  False for json_each() */
  char *zJson;               /* Input JSON */
  char *zRoot;               /* Path by which to filter zJson */
  JsonParse sParse;          /* Parse of the input JSON */
};

/* Constructor for the json_each virtual table */
static int jsonEachConnect(
  sqlite3 *db,
  void *pAux,
  int argc, const char *const*argv,
  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
  char **pzErr
){
  sqlite3_vtab *pNew;
  int rc;

/* Column numbers */
#define JEACH_KEY     0
#define JEACH_VALUE   1
#define JEACH_TYPE    2
#define JEACH_ATOM    3
#define JEACH_ID      4
#define JEACH_PARENT  5
#define JEACH_FULLKEY 6
#define JEACH_PATH    7
/* The xBestIndex method assumes that the JSON and ROOT columns are
** the last two columns in the table.  Should this ever changes, be
** sure to update the xBestIndex method. */
#define JEACH_JSON    8
#define JEACH_ROOT    9

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pzErr);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argv);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pAux);
  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
     "CREATE TABLE x(key,value,type,atom,id,parent,fullkey,path,"
                    "json HIDDEN,root HIDDEN)");
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
    sqlite3_vtab_config(db, SQLITE_VTAB_INNOCUOUS);
  }
  return rc;
}

/* destructor for json_each virtual table */
static int jsonEachDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_each(). */
static int jsonEachOpenEach(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  JsonEachCursor *pCur;

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(p);
  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_tree(). */
static int jsonEachOpenTree(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  int rc = jsonEachOpenEach(p, ppCursor);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    JsonEachCursor *pCur = (JsonEachCursor*)*ppCursor;
    pCur->bRecursive = 1;
  }
  return rc;
}

/* Reset a JsonEachCursor back to its original state.  Free any memory
** held. */
static void jsonEachCursorReset(JsonEachCursor *p){
  sqlite3_free(p->zJson);
  sqlite3_free(p->zRoot);
  jsonParseReset(&p->sParse);
  p->iRowid = 0;
  p->i = 0;
  p->iEnd = 0;
  p->eType = 0;
  p->zJson = 0;
  p->zRoot = 0;
}

/* Destructor for a jsonEachCursor object */
static int jsonEachClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  sqlite3_free(cur);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Return TRUE if the jsonEachCursor object has been advanced off the end
** of the JSON object */
static int jsonEachEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  return p->i >= p->iEnd;
}

/* Advance the cursor to the next element for json_tree() */
static int jsonEachNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  if( p->bRecursive ){
    if( p->sParse.aNode[p->i].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) p->i++;
    p->i++;
    p->iRowid++;
    if( p->i<p->iEnd ){
      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
      p->eType = pUp->eType;
      if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        assert( pUp->eU==0 || pUp->eU==3 );
        testcase( pUp->eU==3 );
        VVA( pUp->eU = 3 );
        if( iUp==p->i-1 ){
          pUp->u.iKey = 0;
        }else{
          pUp->u.iKey++;
        }
      }
    }
  }else{
    switch( p->eType ){
      case JSON_ARRAY: {
        p->i += jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i]);
        p->iRowid++;
        break;
      }
      case JSON_OBJECT: {
        p->i += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i+1]);
        p->iRowid++;
        break;
      }
      default: {
        p->i = p->iEnd;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Append the name of the path for element i to pStr
*/
static void jsonEachComputePath(
  JsonEachCursor *p,       /* The cursor */
  JsonString *pStr,        /* Write the path here */
  u32 i                    /* Path to this element */
){
  JsonNode *pNode, *pUp;
  u32 iUp;
  if( i==0 ){
    jsonAppendChar(pStr, '$');
    return;
  }
  iUp = p->sParse.aUp[i];
  jsonEachComputePath(p, pStr, iUp);
  pNode = &p->sParse.aNode[i];
  pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
  if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
    assert( pUp->eU==3 || (pUp->eU==0 && pUp->u.iKey==0) );
    testcase( pUp->eU==0 );
    jsonPrintf(30, pStr, "[%d]", pUp->u.iKey);
  }else{
    assert( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
    if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)==0 ) pNode--;
    assert( pNode->eType==JSON_STRING );
    assert( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL );
    assert( pNode->eU==1 );
    jsonPrintf(pNode->n+1, pStr, ".%.*s", pNode->n-2, pNode->u.zJContent+1);
  }
}

/* Return the value of a column */
static int jsonEachColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
  int i                       /* Which column to return */
){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  JsonNode *pThis = &p->sParse.aNode[p->i];
  switch( i ){
    case JEACH_KEY: {
      if( p->i==0 ) break;
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
        jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      }else if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        u32 iKey;
        if( p->bRecursive ){
          if( p->iRowid==0 ) break;
          assert( p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].eU==3 );
          iKey = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].u.iKey;
        }else{
          iKey = p->iRowid;
        }
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)iKey);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_VALUE: {
      if( pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) pThis++;
      jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_TYPE: {
      if( pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) pThis++;
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pThis->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_ATOM: {
      if( pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL ) pThis++;
      if( pThis->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ) break;
      jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_ID: {
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, 
         (sqlite3_int64)p->i + ((pThis->jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)!=0));
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PARENT: {
      if( p->i>p->iBegin && p->bRecursive ){
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_FULLKEY: {
      JsonString x;
      jsonInit(&x, ctx);
      if( p->bRecursive ){
        jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->i);
      }else{
        if( p->zRoot ){
          jsonAppendRaw(&x, p->zRoot, (int)strlen(p->zRoot));
        }else{
          jsonAppendChar(&x, '$');
        }
        if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
          jsonPrintf(30, &x, "[%d]", p->iRowid);
        }else if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
          assert( pThis->eU==1 );
          jsonPrintf(pThis->n, &x, ".%.*s", pThis->n-2, pThis->u.zJContent+1);
        }
      }
      jsonResult(&x);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PATH: {
      if( p->bRecursive ){
        JsonString x;
        jsonInit(&x, ctx);
        jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
        jsonResult(&x);
        break;
      }
      /* For json_each() path and root are the same so fall through
      ** into the root case */
      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    }
    default: {
      const char *zRoot = p->zRoot;
      if( zRoot==0 ) zRoot = "$";
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zRoot, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_JSON: {
      assert( i==JEACH_JSON );
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, p->sParse.zJson, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Return the current rowid value */
static int jsonEachRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  *pRowid = p->iRowid;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* The query strategy is to look for an equality constraint on the json
** column.  Without such a constraint, the table cannot operate.  idxNum is
** 1 if the constraint is found, 3 if the constraint and zRoot are found,
** and 0 otherwise.
*/
static int jsonEachBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  int i;                     /* Loop counter or computed array index */
  int aIdx[2];               /* Index of constraints for JSON and ROOT */
  int unusableMask = 0;      /* Mask of unusable JSON and ROOT constraints */
  int idxMask = 0;           /* Mask of usable == constraints JSON and ROOT */
  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;

  /* This implementation assumes that JSON and ROOT are the last two
  ** columns in the table */
  assert( JEACH_ROOT == JEACH_JSON+1 );
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(tab);
  aIdx[0] = aIdx[1] = -1;
  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    int iCol;
    int iMask;
    if( pConstraint->iColumn < JEACH_JSON ) continue;
    iCol = pConstraint->iColumn - JEACH_JSON;
    assert( iCol==0 || iCol==1 );
    testcase( iCol==0 );
    iMask = 1 << iCol;
    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ){
      unusableMask |= iMask;
    }else if( pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
      aIdx[iCol] = i;
      idxMask |= iMask;
    }
  }
  if( (unusableMask & ~idxMask)!=0 ){
    /* If there are any unusable constraints on JSON or ROOT, then reject
    ** this entire plan */
    return SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
  }
  if( aIdx[0]<0 ){
    /* No JSON input.  Leave estimatedCost at the huge value that it was
    ** initialized to to discourage the query planner from selecting this
    ** plan. */
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
  }else{
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
    i = aIdx[0];
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
    if( aIdx[1]<0 ){
      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;  /* Only JSON supplied.  Plan 1 */
    }else{
      i = aIdx[1];
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 2;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 3;  /* Both JSON and ROOT are supplied.  Plan 3 */
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Start a search on a new JSON string */
static int jsonEachFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  const char *z;
  const char *zRoot = 0;
  sqlite3_int64 n;

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(idxStr);
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  if( idxNum==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
  z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  if( z==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
  n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
  p->zJson = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
  if( p->zJson==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memcpy(p->zJson, z, (size_t)n+1);
  if( jsonParse(&p->sParse, 0, p->zJson) ){
    int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    if( p->sParse.oom==0 ){
      sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
      cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed JSON");
      if( cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
    return rc;
  }else if( p->bRecursive && jsonParseFindParents(&p->sParse) ){
    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    JsonNode *pNode = 0;
    if( idxNum==3 ){
      const char *zErr = 0;
      zRoot = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
      if( zRoot==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
      n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
      p->zRoot = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
      if( p->zRoot==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
      memcpy(p->zRoot, zRoot, (size_t)n+1);
      if( zRoot[0]!='$' ){
        zErr = zRoot;
      }else{
        pNode = jsonLookupStep(&p->sParse, 0, p->zRoot+1, 0, &zErr);
      }
      if( zErr ){
        sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
        cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = jsonPathSyntaxError(zErr);
        jsonEachCursorReset(p);
        return cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }else if( pNode==0 ){
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }
    }else{
      pNode = p->sParse.aNode;
    }
    p->iBegin = p->i = (int)(pNode - p->sParse.aNode);
    p->eType = pNode->eType;
    if( p->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ){
      assert( pNode->eU==0 );
      VVA( pNode->eU = 3 );
      pNode->u.iKey = 0;
      p->iEnd = p->i + pNode->n + 1;
      if( p->bRecursive ){
        p->eType = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].eType;
        if( p->i>0 && (p->sParse.aNode[p->i-1].jnFlags & JNODE_LABEL)!=0 ){
          p->i--;
        }
      }else{
        p->i++;
      }
    }else{
      p->iEnd = p->i+1;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* The methods of the json_each virtual table */
static sqlite3_module jsonEachModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  jsonEachConnect,           /* xConnect */
  jsonEachBestIndex,         /* xBestIndex */
  jsonEachDisconnect,        /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  jsonEachOpenEach,          /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  jsonEachClose,             /* xClose - close a cursor */
  jsonEachFilter,            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  jsonEachNext,              /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  jsonEachEof,               /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  jsonEachColumn,            /* xColumn - read data */
  jsonEachRowid,             /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
  0,                         /* xRelease */
  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
  0                          /* xShadowName */
};

/* The methods of the json_tree virtual table. */
static sqlite3_module jsonTreeModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  jsonEachConnect,           /* xConnect */
  jsonEachBestIndex,         /* xBestIndex */
  jsonEachDisconnect,        /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  jsonEachOpenTree,          /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  jsonEachClose,             /* xClose - close a cursor */
  jsonEachFilter,            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  jsonEachNext,              /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  jsonEachEof,               /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  jsonEachColumn,            /* xColumn - read data */
  jsonEachRowid,             /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
  0,                         /* xRelease */
  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
  0                          /* xShadowName */
};
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON) */

/*
** Register JSON functions.
*/
void sqlite3RegisterJsonFunctions(void){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_JSON
  static FuncDef aJsonFunc[] = {
    JFUNCTION(json,               1, 0,  jsonRemoveFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_array,        -1, 0,  jsonArrayFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_array_length,  1, 0,  jsonArrayLengthFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_array_length,  2, 0,  jsonArrayLengthFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_extract,      -1, 0,  jsonExtractFunc),
    JFUNCTION(->,                 2, JSON_JSON, jsonExtractFunc),
    JFUNCTION(->>,                2, JSON_SQL, jsonExtractFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_insert,       -1, 0,  jsonSetFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_object,       -1, 0,  jsonObjectFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_patch,         2, 0,  jsonPatchFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_quote,         1, 0,  jsonQuoteFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_remove,       -1, 0,  jsonRemoveFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_replace,      -1, 0,  jsonReplaceFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_set,          -1, JSON_ISSET,  jsonSetFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_type,          1, 0,  jsonTypeFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_type,          2, 0,  jsonTypeFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_valid,         1, 0,  jsonValidFunc),
#if SQLITE_DEBUG
    JFUNCTION(json_parse,         1, 0,  jsonParseFunc),
    JFUNCTION(json_test1,         1, 0,  jsonTest1Func),
#endif
    WAGGREGATE(json_group_array,  1, 0, 0, 
       jsonArrayStep, jsonArrayFinal, jsonArrayValue, jsonGroupInverse,
       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS),
    WAGGREGATE(json_group_object, 2, 0, 0, 
       jsonObjectStep, jsonObjectFinal, jsonObjectValue, jsonGroupInverse,
       SQLITE_SUBTYPE|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC|SQLITE_INNOCUOUS)
  };
  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aJsonFunc, ArraySize(aJsonFunc));
#endif
}

#if  !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON)
/*
** Register the JSON table-valued functions
*/
int sqlite3JsonTableFunctions(sqlite3 *db){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  static const struct {
    const char *zName;
    sqlite3_module *pModule;
  } aMod[] = {
    { "json_each",            &jsonEachModule               },
    { "json_tree",            &jsonTreeModule               },
  };
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aMod)/sizeof(aMod[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, aMod[i].zName, aMod[i].pModule, 0);
  }
  return rc;
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON) */

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
int sqlite3Fts2Init(sqlite3*);
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
#endif



#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3*);
#endif

/*
** An array of pointers to extension initializer functions for
** built-in extensions.

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB
  sqlite3DbpageRegister,
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
  sqlite3DbstatRegister,
#endif
  sqlite3TestExtInit,
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_JSON)
  sqlite3JsonTableFunctions,
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
  sqlite3StmtVtabInit,
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BYTECODE_VTAB
  sqlite3VdbeBytecodeVtabInit,
#endif

#ifndef OBJIFACE_H
#define OBJIFACE_H

/* This header defines macros to aid declaration of object interfaces
 * used for shell extension, and to support convenient implementation
 * of those interfaces.[a] These macros are suitable for either C or
 * C++ implementations. For C implementations, an extra struct is
 * defined, whose typename is <InterfaceName>_Vtable, which will need
 * to be instantiated and populated with function pointers having the
 * same order and signatures as those declared for the interface. For
 * C++ implementations, a purely abstract base class (with all public
 * methods) is declared from which a concrete class will need to be
 * derived and instantiated. (No *_Vtable is necessary for C++.)
 *
 * The macros defined for external use are:
 *   (for C or C++ implementations)
 *     INTERFACE_BEGIN( InterfaceName )
 *     PURE_VMETHOD( returnType, methodName, InterfaceName, argCount, args )
 *     INTERFACE_END( InterfaceName )
 *     IMPLEMENTING( returnType, methodName, ClassName, argCount, args ) [b]
 *   (for C implementations only)
 *     VTABLE_NAME( ClassName ) [c]
 *   (for C++ implementations only [d])
 *     CONCRETE_BEGIN( InterfaceName, DerivedName )
 *     CONCRETE_METHOD( returnType, methodName, ClassName, argCount, args )
 *     CONCRETE_END( DerivedName )
 * Notes on these macros:
 *   1. These macros should be used in the order shown. Many should be
 *      terminated with either ';' or a curly-braced construct (which
 *      helps auto-indentation tools to operate sanely.)
 *   2. The "args" parameter is a parenthesized list of the additional
 *     arguments, those beyond an explicit "InterfaceName *pThis" for C
 *     or the implicit "this" for C++.
 *   3. The argCount parameter must number the additional arguments.
 *   4. A leading method, named "destruct" without additional arguments
 *     and returning void, is declared for all interfaces. This is not
 *     the C++ destructor. (It might delegate to a destructor.)
 *   [a. The convenience is that the signatures from the interface may
 *     be reused for method implementations with a copy and paste. ]
 *   [b. This macro may be useful for function/method definitions which
 *     implement methods in an INTERFACE_{BEGIN,...,END} sequence. ]
 *   [c. This macro is useful for populating a C dispatch table whose
 *    layout is declared in the INTERFACE_{BEGIN,...,END} sequence. ]
 *   [d. These macros are useful for declaring instantiatable classes
 *    derived from an abstract base class via INTERFACE_{BEGIN,END}. ]
 */

#ifdef __cplusplus

# define VMETHOD_BEGIN(rType, mName) virtual rType mName(
# define PURE_VMETHOD_END )=0
#define ARG_FIRST_0(t)
#define ARG_FIRST_1(t)
#else
# define VMETHOD_BEGIN(rType, mName) rType (*mName)(
# define PURE_VMETHOD_END )
#define ARG_FIRST_0(t) t *pThis
#define ARG_FIRST_1(t) t *pThis,
#endif
#define ARG_FIRST_2 ARG_FIRST_1
#define ARG_FIRST_3 ARG_FIRST_1
#define ARG_FIRST_4 ARG_FIRST_1
#define ARG_FIRST_5 ARG_FIRST_1
#define ARGS_EXPAND(na) ARGS_EXPAND_ ## na
#define ARGS_EXPAND_0()
#define ARGS_EXPAND_1(a1) a1
#define ARGS_EXPAND_2(a1,a2) a1,a2
#define ARGS_EXPAND_3(a1,a2,a3) a1,a2,a3
#define ARGS_EXPAND_4(a1,a2,a3,a4) a1,a2,a3,a4
#define ARGS_EXPAND_5(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5) a1,a2,a3,a4,a5

#define PURE_VMETHOD(rt, mn, ot, na, args) VMETHOD_BEGIN(rt, mn) \
 ARG_FIRST_ ## na(ot) ARGS_EXPAND(na)args PURE_VMETHOD_END
#define CONCRETE_METHOD(rt, mn, ot, na, args) rt mn( \
 ARG_FIRST_ ## na(ot) ARGS_EXPAND(na)args )

#ifdef __cplusplus
# define INTERFACE_BEGIN(iname) struct iname { \
    PURE_VMETHOD(void, destruct, iname, 0, ())
# define INTERFACE_END(iname) }
# define CONCRETE_BEGIN(iname, derived) class derived : public iname { \
    CONCRETE_METHOD(void, destruct, derived, 0, ())
# define CONCRETE_END(derived) }
# define IMPLEMENTING(rt, mn, derived, na, args) rt derived::mn(  \
 ARG_FIRST_ ## na(derived) ARGS_EXPAND(na)args )
#else
# define VTABLE_NAME(name) name ## _Vtable
# define INTERFACE_BEGIN(iname) typedef struct iname { \
    struct VTABLE_NAME(iname) * pMethods;              \
  } iname; typedef struct VTABLE_NAME(iname) {         \
  PURE_VMETHOD(void, destruct, iname, 0, ())
# define INTERFACE_END(iname) } VTABLE_NAME(iname)
# define DECORATE_METHOD(ot, mn)  ot ## _ ## mn
# define IMPLEMENTING(rt, mn, ot, na, args) rt DECORATE_METHOD(ot, mn)(  \
 ARG_FIRST_ ## na(ot) ARGS_EXPAND(na)args )
#endif

#endif /* !defined(OBJIFACE_H) */