SQLite

foreach {tn wo} {
  1 ""
  2 "WITHOUT ROWID"
} {
  reset_db

  do_execsql_test 2.$tn.0 "CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b) $wo ;"
  do_execsql_test 2.$tn.0.1 "CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b) $wo ;"
  do_execsql_test 2.$tn.0.2 "CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b) $wo ;"
  do_execsql_test 2.$tn.0.3 "CREATE TABLE t3(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b) $wo ;"
  
  do_iterator_test 1.1 t1 {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'two');
  } {
    {INSERT t1 0 X. {} {i 1 t two}}
  }
  

  }
  
  do_iterator_test 2.$tn.4 t1 {
    DELETE FROM t1;
  } {
    {DELETE t1 0 X. {i 1 t four} {}}
  }

  do_execsql_test 2.$tn.5 {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'one');
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 'two');
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 'three');
  }

  do_iterator_test 2.$tn.6 t2 {
    INSERT INTO t2 SELECT a, b FROM t1
  } {
    {INSERT t2 0 X. {} {i 1 t one}} 
    {INSERT t2 0 X. {} {i 2 t two}}
    {INSERT t2 0 X. {} {i 3 t three}}
  }
  do_iterator_test 2.$tn.7 t3 {
    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t1
  } {
    {INSERT t3 0 X. {} {i 1 t one}} 
    {INSERT t3 0 X. {} {i 2 t two}}
    {INSERT t3 0 X. {} {i 3 t three}}
  }
}

finish_test

/*
** Generate code to verify that the schemas of database zDb and, if
** bTemp is not true, database "temp", can still be parsed. This is
** called at the end of the generation of an ALTER TABLE ... RENAME ...
** statement to ensure that the operation has not rendered any schema
** objects unusable.
*/
static void renameTestSchema(Parse *pParse, const char *zDb, int bTemp){
static void renameTestSchema(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db to verify schema of */
  int bTemp,                      /* True if this is the temp db */
  const char *zWhen               /* "when" part of error message */
){
  pParse->colNamesSet = 1;
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
      "SELECT 1 "
      "FROM \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
      "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
      " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'"
      " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, %d)=NULL ",
      " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, %d, %Q)=NULL ",
      zDb,
      zDb, bTemp
      zDb, bTemp, zWhen
  );

  if( bTemp==0 ){
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
        "SELECT 1 "
        "FROM temp." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " "
        "WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqliteX_%%' ESCAPE 'X'"
        " AND sql NOT LIKE 'create virtual%%'"
        " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1)=NULL ",
        zDb 
        " AND sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1, %Q)=NULL ",
        zDb, zWhen
    );
  }
}

/*
** Generate code to reload the schema for database iDb. And, if iDb!=1, for
** the temp database as well.
*/
static void renameReloadSchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
static void renameReloadSchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb, u16 p5){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  if( v ){
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(pParse->pVdbe, iDb, 0);
    if( iDb!=1 ) sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(pParse->pVdbe, 1, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(pParse->pVdbe, iDb, 0, p5);
    if( iDb!=1 ) sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(pParse->pVdbe, 1, 0, p5);
  }
}

/*
** Generate code to implement the "ALTER TABLE xxx RENAME TO yyy" 
** command. 
*/

  ** as required.  */
  if( iDb!=1 ){
    sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
        "UPDATE sqlite_temp_schema SET "
            "sql = sqlite_rename_table(%Q, type, name, sql, %Q, %Q, 1), "
            "tbl_name = "
              "CASE WHEN tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase AND "
              "          sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1) "
              "    sqlite_rename_test(%Q, sql, type, name, 1, 'after rename') "
              "THEN %Q ELSE tbl_name END "
            "WHERE type IN ('view', 'trigger')"
        , zDb, zTabName, zName, zTabName, zDb, zName);
  }

  /* If this is a virtual table, invoke the xRename() function if
  ** one is defined. The xRename() callback will modify the names
  ** of any resources used by the v-table implementation (including other
  ** SQLite tables) that are identified by the name of the virtual table.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( pVTab ){
    int i = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, i, zName);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VRename, i, 0, 0,(const char*)pVTab, P4_VTAB);
  }
#endif

  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1);
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb, INITFLAG_AlterRename);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "after rename");

exit_rename_table:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
  db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
}

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, r1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SetCookie, iDb, BTREE_FILE_FORMAT, 3);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
  }

  /* Reload the table definition */
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb);
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb, INITFLAG_AlterRename);
}

/*
** This function is called by the parser after the table-name in
** an "ALTER TABLE <table-name> ADD" statement is parsed. Argument 
** pSrc is the full-name of the table being altered.
**

** command. This function checks if the table is a view or virtual
** table (columns of views or virtual tables may not be renamed). If so,
** it loads an error message into pParse and returns non-zero.
**
** Or, if pTab is not a view or virtual table, zero is returned.
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
static int isRealTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
static int isRealTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab, int bDrop){
  const char *zType = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
  if( pTab->pSelect ){
    zType = "view";
  }
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
    zType = "virtual table";
  }
#endif
  if( zType ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(
        pParse, "cannot rename columns of %s \"%s\"", zType, pTab->zName
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot %s %s \"%s\"", 
        (bDrop ? "drop column from" : "rename columns of"),
        zType, pTab->zName
    );
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
#else /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */
# define isRealTable(x,y) (0)
# define isRealTable(x,y,z) (0)
#endif

/*
** Handles the following parser reduction:
**
**  cmd ::= ALTER TABLE pSrc RENAME COLUMN pOld TO pNew
*/

  /* Locate the table to be altered */
  pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, &pSrc->a[0]);
  if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_column;

  /* Cannot alter a system table */
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_rename_column;
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isRealTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_rename_column;
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isRealTable(pParse, pTab, 0) ) goto exit_rename_column;

  /* Which schema holds the table to be altered */  
  iSchema = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  assert( iSchema>=0 );
  zDb = db->aDb[iSchema].zDbSName;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION

      "UPDATE temp." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_rename_column(sql, type, name, %Q, %Q, %d, %Q, %d, 1) "
      "WHERE type IN ('trigger', 'view')",
      zDb, pTab->zName, iCol, zNew, bQuote
  );

  /* Drop and reload the database schema. */
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iSchema);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iSchema==1);
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iSchema, INITFLAG_AlterRename);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iSchema==1, "after rename");

 exit_rename_column:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zOld);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zNew);
  return;
}

    pNext = p->pNext;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
  }
}

/*
** Search the Parse object passed as the first argument for a RenameToken
** object associated with parse tree element pPtr. If found, remove it
** from the Parse object and add it to the list maintained by the
** RenameCtx object passed as the second argument.
** object associated with parse tree element pPtr. If found, return a pointer
** to it. Otherwise, return NULL.
**
** If the second argument passed to this function is not NULL and a matching
** RenameToken object is found, remove it from the Parse object and add it to
** the list maintained by the RenameCtx object.
*/
static RenameToken *renameTokenFind(
  Parse *pParse, 
static void renameTokenFind(Parse *pParse, struct RenameCtx *pCtx, void *pPtr){
  struct RenameCtx *pCtx, 
  void *pPtr
){
  RenameToken **pp;
  assert( pPtr!=0 );
  for(pp=&pParse->pRename; (*pp); pp=&(*pp)->pNext){
    if( (*pp)->p==pPtr ){
      RenameToken *pToken = *pp;
      if( pCtx ){
      *pp = pToken->pNext;
      pToken->pNext = pCtx->pList;
      pCtx->pList = pToken;
      pCtx->nList++;
      break;
        *pp = pToken->pNext;
        pToken->pNext = pCtx->pList;
        pCtx->pList = pToken;
        pCtx->nList++;
      }
      return pToken;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** This is a Walker select callback. It does nothing. It is only required
** because without a dummy callback, sqlite3WalkExpr() and similar do not
** descend into sub-select statements.
*/

** object (either pParse->pNewTable, pNewIndex or pNewTrigger) as part of an
** ALTER TABLE RENAME COLUMN program. The error message emitted by the
** sub-routine is currently stored in pParse->zErrMsg. This function
** adds context to the error message and then stores it in pCtx.
*/
static void renameColumnParseError(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
  int bPost,
  const char *zWhen,
  sqlite3_value *pType,
  sqlite3_value *pObject,
  Parse *pParse
){
  const char *zT = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pType);
  const char *zN = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pObject);
  char *zErr;

  zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in %s %s%s: %s", 
      zT, zN, (bPost ? " after rename" : ""),
  zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("error in %s %s%s%s: %s", 
      zT, zN, (zWhen[0] ? " " : ""), zWhen,
      pParse->zErrMsg
  );
  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zErr, -1);
  sqlite3_free(zErr);
}

/*

  /* Parse the SQL statement passed as the first argument. If no error
  ** occurs and the parse does not result in a new table, index or
  ** trigger object, the database must be corrupt. */
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(Parse));
  p->eParseMode = PARSE_MODE_RENAME;
  p->db = db;
  p->nQueryLoop = 1;
  rc = sqlite3RunParser(p, zSql, &zErr);
  rc = zSql ? sqlite3RunParser(p, zSql, &zErr) : SQLITE_NOMEM;
  assert( p->zErrMsg==0 );
  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || zErr==0 );
  p->zErrMsg = zErr;
  if( db->mallocFailed ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
   && p->pNewTable==0 && p->pNewIndex==0 && p->pNewTrigger==0 
  ){

  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
  rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zSql, zNew, bQuote);

renameColumnFunc_done:
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
      renameColumnParseError(context, 0, argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
      renameColumnParseError(context, "", argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
    }
  }

  renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
  renameTokenFree(db, sCtx.pList);

    }

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = renameEditSql(context, &sCtx, zInput, zNew, bQuote);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
        renameColumnParseError(context, 0, argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
        renameColumnParseError(context, "", argv[1], argv[2], &sParse);
      }else{
        sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
      }
    }

    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
    renameTokenFree(db, sCtx.pList);

** to ensure that it is still usable.
**
**   0: Database name ("main", "temp" etc.).
**   1: SQL statement.
**   2: Object type ("view", "table", "trigger" or "index").
**   3: Object name.
**   4: True if object is from temp schema.
**   5: "when" part of error message.
**
** Unless it finds an error, this function normally returns NULL. However, it
** returns integer value 1 if:
**
**   * the SQL argument creates a trigger, and
**   * the table that the trigger is attached to is in database zDb.
*/
static void renameTableTest(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  char const *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  char const *zInput = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  int bTemp = sqlite3_value_int(argv[4]);
  int isLegacy = (db->flags & SQLITE_LegacyAlter);
  char const *zWhen = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[5]);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth = db->xAuth;
  db->xAuth = 0;
#endif

  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);

          int i1 = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, sParse.pNewTrigger->pTabSchema);
          int i2 = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDb);
          if( i1==i2 ) sqlite3_result_int(context, 1);
        }
      }
    }

    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      renameColumnParseError(context, 1, argv[2], argv[3], &sParse);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && zWhen ){
      renameColumnParseError(context, zWhen, argv[2], argv[3],&sParse);
    }
    renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif
}

/*
** The implementation of internal UDF sqlite_drop_column().
** 
** Arguments:
**
**  argv[0]: An integer - the index of the schema containing the table
**  argv[1]: CREATE TABLE statement to modify.
**  argv[2]: An integer - the index of the column to remove.
**
** The value returned is a string containing the CREATE TABLE statement
** with column argv[2] removed.
*/
static void dropColumnFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
  int iSchema = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
  const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  int iCol = sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
  const char *zDb = db->aDb[iSchema].zDbSName;
  int rc;
  Parse sParse;
  RenameToken *pCol;
  Table *pTab;
  const char *zEnd;
  char *zNew = 0;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth = db->xAuth;
  db->xAuth = 0;
#endif

  rc = renameParseSql(&sParse, zDb, db, zSql, iSchema==1);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto drop_column_done;
  pTab = sParse.pNewTable;
  if( pTab->nCol==1 || iCol>=pTab->nCol ){ 
    /* This can happen if the sqlite_schema table is corrupt */
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    goto drop_column_done;
  }

  pCol = renameTokenFind(&sParse, 0, (void*)pTab->aCol[iCol].zName);
  if( iCol<pTab->nCol-1 ){
    RenameToken *pEnd;
    pEnd = renameTokenFind(&sParse, 0, (void*)pTab->aCol[iCol+1].zName);
    zEnd = (const char*)pEnd->t.z;
  }else{
    zEnd = (const char*)&zSql[pTab->addColOffset];
    while( ALWAYS(pCol->t.z[0]!=0) && pCol->t.z[0]!=',' ) pCol->t.z--;
  }

  zNew = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%.*s%s", pCol->t.z-zSql, zSql, zEnd);
  sqlite3_result_text(context, zNew, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  sqlite3_free(zNew);

drop_column_done:
  renameParseCleanup(&sParse);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  db->xAuth = xAuth;
#endif
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
  }
}

/*
** This function is called by the parser upon parsing an 
**
**     ALTER TABLE pSrc DROP COLUMN pName
**
** statement. Argument pSrc contains the possibly qualified name of the
** table being edited, and token pName the name of the column to drop.
*/
void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pSrc, Token *pName){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
  Table *pTab;                    /* Table to modify */
  int iDb;                        /* Index of db containing pTab in aDb[] */
  const char *zDb;                /* Database containing pTab ("main" etc.) */
  char *zCol = 0;                 /* Name of column to drop */
  int iCol;                       /* Index of column zCol in pTab->aCol[] */

  /* Look up the table being altered. */
  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
  assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
  if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_drop_column;
  pTab = sqlite3LocateTableItem(pParse, 0, &pSrc->a[0]);
  if( !pTab ) goto exit_drop_column;

  /* Make sure this is not an attempt to ALTER a view, virtual table or 
  ** system table. */
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isAlterableTable(pParse, pTab) ) goto exit_drop_column;
  if( SQLITE_OK!=isRealTable(pParse, pTab, 1) ) goto exit_drop_column;

  /* Find the index of the column being dropped. */
  zCol = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
  if( zCol==0 ){
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }
  iCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pTab, zCol);
  if( iCol<0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such column: \"%s\"", zCol);
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Do not allow the user to drop a PRIMARY KEY column or a column 
  ** constrained by a UNIQUE constraint.  */
  if( pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & (COLFLAG_PRIMKEY|COLFLAG_UNIQUE) ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot drop %s column: \"%s\"", 
        (pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags&COLFLAG_PRIMKEY) ? "PRIMARY KEY" : "UNIQUE",
        zCol
    );
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Do not allow the number of columns to go to zero */
  if( pTab->nCol<=1 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot drop column \"%s\": no other columns exist",zCol);
    goto exit_drop_column;
  }

  /* Edit the sqlite_schema table */
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  assert( iDb>=0 );
  zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "");
  sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
      "UPDATE \"%w\"." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE " SET "
      "sql = sqlite_drop_column(%d, sql, %d) "
      "WHERE (type=='table' AND tbl_name=%Q COLLATE nocase)"
      , zDb, iDb, iCol, pTab->zName
  );

  /* Drop and reload the database schema. */
  renameReloadSchema(pParse, iDb, INITFLAG_AlterDrop);
  renameTestSchema(pParse, zDb, iDb==1, "after drop column");

  /* Edit rows of table on disk */
  if( pParse->nErr==0 && (pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
    int i;
    int addr;
    int reg;
    int regRec;
    Index *pPk = 0;
    int nField = 0;               /* Number of non-virtual columns after drop */
    int iCur;
    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
    iCur = pParse->nTab++;
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenWrite);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
    reg = ++pParse->nMem;
    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, reg);
    }else{
      pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
    }
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( i!=iCol && (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)==0 ){
        int regOut;
        if( pPk ){
          int iPos = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pPk, i);
          int iColPos = sqlite3TableColumnToIndex(pPk, iCol);
          regOut = reg+1+iPos-(iPos>iColPos);
        }else{
          regOut = reg+1+nField;
        }
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iCur, i, regOut);
        nField++;
      }
    }
    regRec = reg + pTab->nCol;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, reg+1, nField, regRec);
    if( pPk ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iCur, regRec, reg+1, pPk->nKeyCol);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iCur, regRec, reg);
    }

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iCur, addr+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
  }

exit_drop_column:
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
}

/*
** Register built-in functions used to help implement ALTER TABLE
*/
void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void){
  static FuncDef aAlterTableFuncs[] = {
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_column, 9, renameColumnFunc),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_table,  7, renameTableFunc),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_test,   5, renameTableTest),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_column,  9, renameColumnFunc),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_table,   7, renameTableFunc),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_rename_test,    6, renameTableTest),
    INTERNAL_FUNCTION(sqlite_drop_column,    3, dropColumnFunc),
  };
  sqlite3InsertBuiltinFuncs(aAlterTableFuncs, ArraySize(aAlterTableFuncs));
}
#endif  /* SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE */

      Returning *pReturning = pParse->u1.pReturning;
      int addrRewind;
      int i;
      int reg;

      addrRewind =
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pReturning->iRetCur);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      reg = pReturning->iRetReg;
      for(i=0; i<pReturning->nRetCol; i++){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pReturning->iRetCur, i, reg+i);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, reg, i);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pReturning->iRetCur, addrRewind+1);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrRewind);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
    if( pParse->nTableLock>0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
      sqlite3UserAuthInit(db);

/* Set properties of a table column based on the (magical)
** name of the column.
*/
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
void sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(Table *pTab, Column *pCol){
  if( sqlite3_strnicmp(pCol->zName, "__hidden__", 10)==0 ){
    pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_HIDDEN;
    if( pTab ) pTab->tabFlags |= TF_HasHidden;
  }else if( pTab && pCol!=pTab->aCol && (pCol[-1].colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN) ){
    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_OOOHidden;
  }
}
#endif

/*

        );
      }
    }
#endif

    /* Reparse everything to update our internal data structures */
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb,
           sqlite3MPrintf(db, "tbl_name='%q' AND type!='trigger'", p->zName));
           sqlite3MPrintf(db, "tbl_name='%q' AND type!='trigger'", p->zName),0);
  }

  /* Add the table to the in-memory representation of the database.
  */
  if( db->init.busy ){
    Table *pOld;
    Schema *pSchema = p->pSchema;
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
    pOld = sqlite3HashInsert(&pSchema->tblHash, p->zName, p);
    if( pOld ){
      assert( p==pOld );  /* Malloc must have failed inside HashInsert() */
      sqlite3OomFault(db);
      return;
    }
    pParse->pNewTable = 0;
    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;

  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
    if( !p->pSelect ){
  if( !pSelect && !p->pSelect ){
      const char *zName = (const char *)pParse->sNameToken.z;
      int nName;
      assert( !pSelect && pCons && pEnd );
      if( pCons->z==0 ){
        pCons = pEnd;
      }
    assert( pCons && pEnd );
    if( pCons->z==0 ){
      pCons = pEnd;
    }
      nName = (int)((const char *)pCons->z - zName);
      p->addColOffset = 13 + nName;
    }
    p->addColOffset = 13 + (int)(pCons->z - pParse->sNameToken.z);
  }
#endif
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
/*
** The parser calls this routine in order to create a new VIEW
*/
void sqlite3CreateView(

      /* Fill the index with data and reparse the schema. Code an OP_Expire
      ** to invalidate all pre-compiled statements.
      */
      if( pTblName ){
        sqlite3RefillIndex(pParse, pIndex, iMem);
        sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
        sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb,
            sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q' AND type='index'", pIndex->zName));
            sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name='%q' AND type='index'", pIndex->zName), 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Expire, 0, 1);
      }

      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, (int)pIndex->tnum);
    }
  }
  if( db->init.busy || pTblName==0 ){

** Create a new CTE object
*/
Cte *sqlite3CteNew(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  Token *pName,           /* Name of the common-table */
  ExprList *pArglist,     /* Optional column name list for the table */
  Select *pQuery,         /* Query used to initialize the table */
  int eMaterialized       /* Force or prohibit materialization */
  int eMaterialize        /* Force or prohibit materialization */
){
  Cte *pNew;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  assert( eMaterialized==MAT_NotSpec || eMaterialized==MAT_Yes
            || eMaterialized==MAT_No );
  assert( eMaterialize==Materialize_Any
       || eMaterialize==Materialize_Yes
       || eMaterialize==Materialize_No );
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pNew));
  assert( pNew!=0 || db->mallocFailed );

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pArglist);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pQuery);
  }else{
    pNew->pSelect = pQuery;
    pNew->pCols = pArglist;
    pNew->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pName);
    pNew->zCteErr = 0;
    pNew->eMaterialized = (u8)eMaterialized;
    pNew->eMaterialize = (u8)eMaterialize;
  }
  return pNew;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Validate the back-reference from a SrcList_item back to its Cte object.
** Raise an assertion fault if anything is wrong.  This routine is for
** sanity and design checking and does not appear in release builds.
*/
void sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(struct SrcList_item *pItem){
  Cte *pCte;
  if( !pItem->fg.isCte ) return;   /* Nothing to check here */
  assert( pItem->pSelect!=0 );
  pCte = pItem->u2.pCteSrc;
  if( pCte==0 ) return;
  assert( pCte->eCteMagic==CTE_MAGIC );
  assert( pItem->pTab!=0 );
  assert( sqlite3_stricmp(pCte->zName, pItem->pTab->zName)==0 );
  assert( pCte->nRefCte>=1 );
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/*
** Clear information from a Cte object, but do not deallocate storage.
*/
static void cteClear(sqlite3 *db, Cte *pCte){
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCte->pCols);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pCte->pSelect);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pCte->zName);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( db==0 || db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
    pCte->zName = 0;
    pCte->eCteMagic = 0;
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Free the contents of the CTE object passed as the second argument.
*/
void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3 *db, Cte *pCte){
  if( pCte ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCte->pCols);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pCte->pSelect);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pCte->zName);
    cteClear(db, pCte);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pCte);
  }
}

/* 
** This routine is invoked once per CTE by the parser while parsing a 
** WITH clause. 
** WITH clause.   Construct a new Cte object and append it to the
** input With object, reallocating the With object as needed.  If the
** pWith input is NULL, then create a new With object.
**
** The returned With object is unowned.  The caller needs to assign
** ownership.  Note, however, that ownership should not be assigned
** until the object stops growing.  The input pWith parameter must be
** either NULL or a pointer to an unowned With object.
*/
With *sqlite3WithAdd(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  With *pWith,            /* Existing WITH clause, or NULL */
  Cte *pCte               /* The CTE to add to the WITH clause */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  With *pNew;
  char *zName;

  /* The input WITH clause is yet unowned */
  assert( pWith==0 || pWith->mOwner==0 );

  if( pCte==0 ){
    return pWith;
  }

  /* Check that the CTE name is unique within this WITH clause. If
  ** not, store an error in the Parse structure. */

    pNew->nCte++;
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*
** Free the contents of the With object passed as the second argument.
**
** The sqlite3WithReleaseBySelect() causes the Select-object ownership
** to be released, and sqlite3WithReleaseByParse() causes the Parse-object
** ownership to be released.  The With object is only deallocated after
** both owners release it. 
*/
void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3 *db, With *pWith){
  if( pWith ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pWith->nCte; i++){
      struct Cte *pCte = &pWith->a[i];
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<pWith->nCte; i++){
    cteClear(db, &pWith->a[i]);
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCte->pCols);
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pCte->pSelect);
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCte->zName);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWith);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pWith);
}
void sqlite3WithReleaseBySelect(sqlite3 *db, With *pWith){
  if( pWith==0 ) return;
  if( db && db->pnBytesFreed ){
    if( pWith->mOwner==WithOwnedBySelect ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, pWith);
  }else{
    pWith->mOwner &= ~WithOwnedBySelect;
    if( pWith->mOwner==0 ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, pWith);
  }
}
void sqlite3WithReleaseByParse(sqlite3 *db, With *pWith){
  if( pWith==0 ) return;
  assert( db==0 || db->pnBytesFreed==0 );
  pWith->mOwner &= ~WithOwnedByParse;
  if( pWith->mOwner==0 ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, pWith);
}

/*
** Add Select-object or Parse-object ownership to a With object.  If
** the With object is already owned appropriately, then these routines
** are no-ops.
**
** The first time that a With becomes owned by a Parse-object, make
** arrangements to automatically release the ownership when the Parse
** object is destroyed using a call to sqlite3ParserAddCleanup().
** This involves a memory allocation.  If that memory allocation fails,
** the With object might be destroyed immediately.  In that
** case, return a NULL pointer. But usually, return a copy of the pWith
** pointer.
*/
void sqlite3WithClaimedBySelect(With *pWith){
  pWith->mOwner |= WithOwnedBySelect;
}
With *sqlite3WithClaimedByParse(Parse *pParse, With *pWith){
  if( (pWith->mOwner & WithOwnedByParse)==0 ){
    pWith->mOwner |= WithOwnedByParse;
    pWith = (With*)sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
                     (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3WithReleaseByParse,
                     (void*)pWith);
  }
  return pWith;
}
   
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CTE) */

  }

  /* duplicate the FROM clause as it is needed by both the DELETE/UPDATE tree
  ** and the SELECT subtree. */
  pSrc->a[0].pTab = 0;
  pSelectSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(pParse->db, pSrc, 0);
  pSrc->a[0].pTab = pTab;
  pSrc->a[0].pIBIndex = 0;
  pSrc->a[0].u2.pIBIndex = 0; assert( !pSrc->a[0].fg.isCte );

  /* generate the SELECT expression tree. */
  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSelectSrc, pWhere, 0 ,0, 
      pOrderBy,0,pLimit
  );

  /* now generate the new WHERE rowid IN clause for the DELETE/UDPATE */

  With *pRet = 0;
  if( p ){
    sqlite3_int64 nByte = sizeof(*p) + sizeof(p->a[0]) * (p->nCte-1);
    pRet = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    if( pRet ){
      int i;
      pRet->nCte = p->nCte;
      pRet->mOwner = WithOwnedBySelect;
      for(i=0; i<p->nCte; i++){
        pRet->a[i].pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->a[i].pSelect, 0);
        pRet->a[i].pCols = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->a[i].pCols, 0);
        pRet->a[i].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, p->a[i].zName);
      }
    }
  }

    pNewItem->fg = pOldItem->fg;
    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
    pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
    pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
    if( pNewItem->fg.isIndexedBy ){
      pNewItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->u1.zIndexedBy);
    }
    pNewItem->pIBIndex = pOldItem->pIBIndex;
    pNewItem->u2 = pOldItem->u2;
    if( pNewItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
      pNewItem->u1.pFuncArg = 
          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pOldItem->u1.pFuncArg, flags);
    }
    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->nTabRef++;

          testcase( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL );
          testcase( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_STORED );
          ipkColumn--;
        }
      }
    }
#endif
  }


  /* Make sure the number of columns in the source data matches the number
  ** of columns to be inserted into the table.
  */
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT ) nHidden++;
  }
  if( pColumn==0 && nColumn && nColumn!=(pTab->nCol-nHidden) ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
       "table %S has %d columns but %d values were supplied",
       pTabList, 0, pTab->nCol-nHidden, nColumn);
    goto insert_cleanup;
    /* Make sure the number of columns in the source data matches the number
    ** of columns to be inserted into the table.
    */
    assert( TF_HasHidden==COLFLAG_HIDDEN );
    assert( TF_HasGenerated==COLFLAG_GENERATED );
    assert( COLFLAG_NOINSERT==(COLFLAG_GENERATED|COLFLAG_HIDDEN) );
    if( (pTab->tabFlags & (TF_HasGenerated|TF_HasHidden))!=0 ){
      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
        if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT ) nHidden++;
      }
    }
    if( nColumn!=(pTab->nCol-nHidden) ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
         "table %S has %d columns but %d values were supplied",
         pTabList, 0, pTab->nCol-nHidden, nColumn);
     goto insert_cleanup;
    }
  }
  if( pColumn!=0 && nColumn!=pColumn->nId ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%d values for %d columns", nColumn, pColumn->nId);
    goto insert_cleanup;
  }
    
  /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted

    if( pTab->aCol[i].pDflt!=0 ) break;
    if( pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY ) break;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, i+1);
}
#endif

/*
** Table pTab is a WITHOUT ROWID table that is being written to. The cursor
** number is iCur, and register regData contains the new record for the
** PK index. This function adds code to invoke the pre-update hook,
** if one is registered.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
static void codeWithoutRowidPreupdate(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being updated */
  int iCur,                       /* Cursor number for table */
  int regData                     /* Data containing new record */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int r = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  assert( !HasRowid(pTab) );
  assert( 0==(pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum) );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, r);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Insert, iCur, regData, r, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_ISNOOP);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r);
}
#else
# define codeWithoutRowidPreupdate(a,b,c,d)
#endif

/*
** This routine generates code to finish the INSERT or UPDATE operation
** that was started by a prior call to sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks.
** A consecutive range of registers starting at regNewData contains the
** rowid and the content to be inserted.
**
** The arguments to this routine should be the same as the first six

      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    pik_flags = (useSeekResult ? OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT : 0);
    if( IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) && !HasRowid(pTab) ){
      assert( pParse->nested==0 );
      pik_flags |= OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
      pik_flags |= (update_flags & OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
      if( update_flags==0 ){
        int r = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, r);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Insert, 
            iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i], r, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE
        codeWithoutRowidPreupdate(pParse, pTab, iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i]);
        );
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_ISNOOP);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r);
      }
#endif
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdxCur+i, aRegIdx[i],
                         aRegIdx[i]+1,
                         pIdx->uniqNotNull ? pIdx->nKeyCol: pIdx->nColumn);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, pik_flags);
  }
  if( !HasRowid(pTab) ) return;

    if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
      insFlags = OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT|OPFLAG_PREFORMAT;
    }else{
      insFlags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE|OPFLAG_LASTROWID|OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_PREFORMAT;
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
    if( db->xPreUpdateCallback ){
    if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
      insFlags &= ~OPFLAG_PREFORMAT;
    }else
#endif
    {
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowCell, iDest, iSrc, regRowid);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Insert, iDest, regData, regRowid,
        (char*)pDest, P4_TABLE);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iDest, regData, regRowid);
    if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pDest, P4_TABLE);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, insFlags);

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iSrc, addr1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iSrc, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iDest, 0);
  }else{
    sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDbDest, pDest->tnum, 1, pDest->zName);

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowCell, iDest, iSrc);
      }
    }else if( !HasRowid(pSrc) && pDestIdx->idxType==SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ){
      idxInsFlags |= OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
    }
    if( idxInsFlags!=(OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT|OPFLAG_PREFORMAT) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
      if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 
       && !HasRowid(pDest) 
       && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pDestIdx) 
      ){
        codeWithoutRowidPreupdate(pParse, pDest, iDest, regData);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iDest, regData);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, idxInsFlags|OPFLAG_APPEND);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iSrc, addr1+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iSrc, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iDest, 0);

        (mxSelect = pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT])>0 &&
        cnt>mxSelect
      ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in compound SELECT");
      }
    }
  }
}

%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
select(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W) selectnowith(X). {
  Select *p = X;
  if( p ){
    p->pWith = W;
    parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
  }else{
    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, W);
  }
  A = p;
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
  /* Link a With object to a Select object.
  ** Both Select- and Parse-ownership is assigned to the With object
  */
  static Select *linkWithToSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect, With *pWith){
    assert( pWith->mOwner==0 );
    if( pSelect ){
      pSelect->pWith = pWith;
      sqlite3WithClaimedBySelect(pWith);
      parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, pSelect);
    }else{
      sqlite3WithClaimedByParse(pParse,pWith);
    }
    return pSelect;
  }
select(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W) selectnowith(X). {
  Select *p = X;
  if( p ){
    p->pWith = W;
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */
} // end %include
    parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
  }else{
    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, W);
  }

  A = p;
}

%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
select(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W) selectnowith(X). { A = linkWithToSelect(pParse,X,W); }
select(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W) selectnowith(X).
                                              { A = linkWithToSelect(pParse,X,W); }
%endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */
select(A) ::= selectnowith(X). {
  Select *p = X;
  if( p ){
    parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
  }
  A = p; /*A-overwrites-X*/

  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,X,&Z);
}
cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname
        ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname(Y) carglist. {
  Y.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-Y.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
  sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &Y);
}
cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname(X) DROP kwcolumn_opt nm(Y). {
  sqlite3AlterDropColumn(pParse, X, &Y);
}

add_column_fullname ::= fullname(X). {
  disableLookaside(pParse);
  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, X);
}
cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname(X) RENAME kwcolumn_opt nm(Y) TO nm(Z). {
  sqlite3AlterRenameColumn(pParse, X, &Y, &Z);
}

anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP.
anylist ::= anylist ANY.
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE


//////////////////////// COMMON TABLE EXPRESSIONS ////////////////////////////
%type wqlist {With*}
%destructor wqlist {sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%destructor wqlist {if($$)sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type wqitem {Cte*}
%destructor wqitem {sqlite3CteDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type wqas {int}

with ::= .
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
with ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1); }
with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1); }
with ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W); }
with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W); }

wqas(A)   ::= AS.                   {A=MAT_NotSpec;}
wqas(A)   ::= AS MATERIALIZED.      {A=MAT_Yes;}
//wqas(A) ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED.  {A=MAT_No;}
wqas(A) ::= AS.                   {A = Materialize_Any;}
wqas(A) ::= AS MATERIALIZED.      {A = Materialize_Yes;}
wqas(A) ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED.  {A = Materialize_No;}
wqitem(A) ::= nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) wqas(F) LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3CteNew(pParse, &X, Y, Z, F); /*A-overwrites-X*/
}
wqlist(A) ::= wqitem(X). {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, X); /*A-overwrites-X*/
}
wqlist(A) ::= wqlist(A) COMMA wqitem(X). {

/*
** Fill the InitData structure with an error message that indicates
** that the database is corrupt.
*/
static void corruptSchema(
  InitData *pData,     /* Initialization context */
  const char *zObj,    /* Object being parsed at the point of error */
  char **azObj,        /* Type and name of object being parsed */
  const char *zExtra   /* Error information */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pData->db;
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    pData->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }else if( pData->pzErrMsg[0]!=0 ){
    /* A error message has already been generated.  Do not overwrite it */
  }else if( pData->mInitFlags & INITFLAG_AlterTable ){
    *pData->pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zExtra);
  }else if( pData->mInitFlags & (INITFLAG_AlterRename|INITFLAG_AlterDrop) ){
    *pData->pzErrMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
        "error in %s %s after %s: %s", azObj[0], azObj[1], 
        (pData->mInitFlags & INITFLAG_AlterRename) ? "rename" : "drop column",
        zExtra
    );
    pData->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else if( db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema ){
    pData->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }else{
    char *z;
    if( zObj==0 ) zObj = "?";
    const char *zObj = azObj[1] ? azObj[1] : "?";
    z = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "malformed database schema (%s)", zObj);
    if( zExtra && zExtra[0] ) z = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%z - %s", z, zExtra);
    *pData->pzErrMsg = z;
    pData->rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
}

  assert( argc==5 );
  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, argc);
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_EncodingFixed;
  pData->nInitRow++;
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], 0);
    corruptSchema(pData, argv, 0);
    return 1;
  }

  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  if( argv==0 ) return 0;   /* Might happen if EMPTY_RESULT_CALLBACKS are on */
  if( argv[3]==0 ){
    corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], 0);
    corruptSchema(pData, argv, 0);
  }else if( argv[4]
         && 'c'==sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)argv[4][0]]
         && 'r'==sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)argv[4][1]] ){
    /* Call the parser to process a CREATE TABLE, INDEX or VIEW.
    ** But because db->init.busy is set to 1, no VDBE code is generated
    ** or executed.  All the parser does is build the internal data
    ** structures that describe the table, index, or view.

    assert( db->init.busy );
    db->init.iDb = iDb;
    if( sqlite3GetUInt32(argv[3], &db->init.newTnum)==0
     || (db->init.newTnum>pData->mxPage && pData->mxPage>0)
    ){
      if( sqlite3Config.bExtraSchemaChecks ){
        corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], "invalid rootpage");
        corruptSchema(pData, argv, "invalid rootpage");
      }
    }
    db->init.orphanTrigger = 0;
    db->init.azInit = argv;
    pStmt = 0;
    TESTONLY(rcp = ) sqlite3Prepare(db, argv[4], -1, 0, 0, &pStmt, 0);
    rc = db->errCode;
    assert( (rc&0xFF)==(rcp&0xFF) );
    db->init.iDb = saved_iDb;
    /* assert( saved_iDb==0 || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0 ); */
    if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
      if( db->init.orphanTrigger ){
        assert( iDb==1 );
      }else{
        if( rc > pData->rc ) pData->rc = rc;
        if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
          sqlite3OomFault(db);
        }else if( rc!=SQLITE_INTERRUPT && (rc&0xFF)!=SQLITE_LOCKED ){
          corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], sqlite3_errmsg(db));
          corruptSchema(pData, argv, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
        }
      }
    }
    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
  }else if( argv[1]==0 || (argv[4]!=0 && argv[4][0]!=0) ){
    corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], 0);
    corruptSchema(pData, argv, 0);
  }else{
    /* If the SQL column is blank it means this is an index that
    ** was created to be the PRIMARY KEY or to fulfill a UNIQUE
    ** constraint for a CREATE TABLE.  The index should have already
    ** been created when we processed the CREATE TABLE.  All we have
    ** to do here is record the root page number for that index.
    */
    Index *pIndex;
    pIndex = sqlite3FindIndex(db, argv[1], db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName);
    if( pIndex==0 ){
      corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], "orphan index");
      corruptSchema(pData, argv, "orphan index");
    }else
    if( sqlite3GetUInt32(argv[3],&pIndex->tnum)==0
     || pIndex->tnum<2
     || pIndex->tnum>pData->mxPage
     || sqlite3IndexHasDuplicateRootPage(pIndex)
    ){
      if( sqlite3Config.bExtraSchemaChecks ){
        corruptSchema(pData, argv[1], "invalid rootpage");
        corruptSchema(pData, argv, "invalid rootpage");
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*

      }
    }
    assert( i>=0 && i<db->nDb );
  }
  return i;
}

/*
** Deallocate a single AggInfo object
*/
static void agginfoFree(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *p){
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aCol);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aFunc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Free all memory allocations in the pParse object
*/
void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse *pParse){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  AggInfo *pThis = pParse->pAggList;
  while( pThis ){
    AggInfo *pNext = pThis->pNext;
    agginfoFree(db, pThis);
    pThis = pNext;
  }
  while( pParse->pCleanup ){
    ParseCleanup *pCleanup = pParse->pCleanup;
    pParse->pCleanup = pCleanup->pNext;
    pCleanup->xCleanup(db, pCleanup->pPtr);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pCleanup);
    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pCleanup);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
  if( pParse->pConstExpr ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
  }
  if( db ){
    assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );

** pParse->earlyCleanup flag is set in that case.  Calling code show verify
** that test cases exist for which this happens, to guard against possible
** use-after-free errors following an OOM.  The preferred way to do this is
** to immediately follow the call to this routine with:
**
**       testcase( pParse->earlyCleanup );
*/
void sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(
void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(
  Parse *pParse,                      /* Destroy when this Parser finishes */
  void (*xCleanup)(sqlite3*,void*),   /* The cleanup routine */
  void *pPtr                          /* Pointer to object to be cleaned up */
){
  ParseCleanup *pCleanup = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(*pCleanup));
  if( pCleanup ){
    pCleanup->pNext = pParse->pCleanup;
    pParse->pCleanup = pCleanup;
    pCleanup->pPtr = pPtr;
    pCleanup->xCleanup = xCleanup;
  }else{
    xCleanup(pParse->db, pPtr);
    pPtr = 0;
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
    pParse->earlyCleanup = 1;
#endif
  }
  return pPtr;
}

/*
** Compile the UTF-8 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
*/
static int sqlite3Prepare(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */

** structures must be increased by the nSubquery amount.
*/
static void resolveAlias(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pEList,      /* A result set */
  int iCol,              /* A column in the result set.  0..pEList->nExpr-1 */
  Expr *pExpr,           /* Transform this into an alias to the result set */
  const char *zType,     /* "GROUP" or "ORDER" or "" */
  int nSubquery          /* Number of subqueries that the label is moving */
){
  Expr *pOrig;           /* The iCol-th column of the result set */
  Expr *pDup;            /* Copy of pOrig */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */

  assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pEList->nExpr );
  pOrig = pEList->a[iCol].pExpr;
  assert( pOrig!=0 );
  db = pParse->db;
  pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
  if( pDup!=0 ){
    if( zType[0]!='G' ) incrAggFunctionDepth(pDup, nSubquery);
    incrAggFunctionDepth(pDup, nSubquery);
    if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      pDup = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pDup, pExpr->u.zToken);
    }

    /* Before calling sqlite3ExprDelete(), set the EP_Static flag. This 
    ** prevents ExprDelete() from deleting the Expr structure itself,
    ** allowing it to be repopulated by the memcpy() on the following line.

            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aliased window function %s",zAs);
            return WRC_Abort;
          }
          if( sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pOrig)!=1 ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "row value misused");
            return WRC_Abort;
          }
          resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, j, pExpr, "", nSubquery);
          resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, j, pExpr, nSubquery);
          cnt = 1;
          pMatch = 0;
          assert( zTab==0 && zDb==0 );
          if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ){
            sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(pParse, 0, (void*)pExpr);
          }
          goto lookupname_end;

  */
  if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 && pMatch!=0 ){
    pMatch->colUsed |= sqlite3ExprColUsed(pExpr);
  }

  /* Clean up and return
  */
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
  pExpr->pLeft = 0;
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
  pExpr->pRight = 0;
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
    pExpr->pLeft = 0;
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
    pExpr->pRight = 0;
  }
  pExpr->op = eNewExprOp;
  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf);
lookupname_end:
  if( cnt==1 ){
    assert( pNC!=0 );
    if( pParse->db->xAuth
     && (pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER)

  assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
  for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
    if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol ){
      if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol>pEList->nExpr ){
        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, pEList->nExpr);
        return 1;
      }
      resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol-1, pItem->pExpr,
      resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol-1, pItem->pExpr,0);
                   zType,0);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
/*

    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
    if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p->pWinDefn) ){
      sqlite3WindowListDelete(db, p->pWinDefn);
    }
#endif
    if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p->pWith) ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, p->pWith);
    if( p->pWith ) sqlite3WithReleaseBySelect(db, p->pWith);
    if( bFree ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
    p = pPrior;
    bFree = 1;
  }
}

/*

  return jointype;
}

/*
** Return the index of a column in a table.  Return -1 if the column
** is not contained in the table.
*/
static int columnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol){
int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol){
  int i;
  u8 h = sqlite3StrIHash(zCol);
  Column *pCol;
  for(pCol=pTab->aCol, i=0; i<pTab->nCol; pCol++, i++){
    if( pCol->hName==h && sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ) return i;
  }
  return -1;

  int bIgnoreHidden    /* True to ignore hidden columns */
){
  int i;               /* For looping over tables in pSrc */
  int iCol;            /* Index of column matching zCol */

  assert( (piTab==0)==(piCol==0) );  /* Both or neither are NULL */
  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
    iCol = columnIndex(pSrc->a[i].pTab, zCol);
    iCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pSrc->a[i].pTab, zCol);
    if( iCol>=0 
     && (bIgnoreHidden==0 || IsHiddenColumn(&pSrc->a[i].pTab->aCol[iCol])==0)
    ){
      if( piTab ){
        *piTab = i;
        *piCol = iCol;
      }

      for(j=0; j<pList->nId; j++){
        char *zName;     /* Name of the term in the USING clause */
        int iLeft;       /* Table on the left with matching column name */
        int iLeftCol;    /* Column number of matching column on the left */
        int iRightCol;   /* Column number of matching column on the right */

        zName = pList->a[j].zName;
        iRightCol = columnIndex(pRightTab, zName);
        iRightCol = sqlite3ColumnIndex(pRightTab, zName);
        if( iRightCol<0
         || !tableAndColumnIndex(pSrc, i+1, zName, &iLeft, &iLeftCol, 0)
        ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot join using column %s - column "
            "not present in both tables", zName);
          return 1;
        }

  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
  a = pSelect->pEList->a;
  for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    const char *zType;
    int n, m;
    pTab->tabFlags |= (pCol->colFlags & COLFLAG_NOINSERT);
    p = a[i].pExpr;
    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
    /* pCol->szEst = ... // Column size est for SELECT tables never used */
    pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
    if( zType ){
      m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
      n = sqlite3Strlen30(pCol->zName);

        pIdx=pIdx->pNext
    );
    if( !pIdx ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndexedBy, 0);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    assert( pFrom->fg.isCte==0 );
    assert( pFrom->pSelect==0 );
    pFrom->pIBIndex = pIdx;
    pFrom->u2.pIBIndex = pIdx;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Detect compound SELECT statements that use an ORDER BY clause with 
** an alternative collating sequence.
**

    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/* The code generator maintains a stack of active WITH clauses
** with the inner-most WITH clause being at the top of the stack.
**
** This routine pushes the WITH clause passed as the second argument
** onto the top of the stack. If argument bFree is true, then this
** WITH clause will never be popped from the stack. In this case it
** should be freed along with the Parse object. In other cases, when
** bFree==0, the With object will be freed along with the SELECT 
** statement with which it is associated.
*/
void sqlite3WithPush(Parse *pParse, With *pWith, u8 bFree){
void sqlite3WithPush(Parse *pParse, With *pWith){
  if( pWith ){
    assert( pParse->pWith!=pWith );
    pWith->pOuter = pParse->pWith;
    pParse->pWith = pWith;
    if( bFree ){
      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse, 
         (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))sqlite3WithDelete,
         pWith);
    sqlite3WithClaimedByParse(pParse, pWith);
      testcase( pParse->earlyCleanup );
    }
  }
}

/*
** This function checks if argument pFrom refers to a CTE declared by 
** a WITH clause on the stack currently maintained by the parser. And,
** if currently processing a CTE expression, if it is a recursive

    pTab->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pCte->zName);
    pTab->iPKey = -1;
    pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
    pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pCte->pSelect, 0);
    if( db->mallocFailed ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    assert( pFrom->pSelect );
    if( pCte->eMaterialized==MAT_Yes ){
    if( pCte->eMaterialize==Materialize_Yes ){
      pFrom->pSelect->selFlags |= SF_OptBarrier;
    }
    assert( !pFrom->fg.isIndexedBy );
    pFrom->fg.isCte = 1;
    assert( (pCte->eCteMagic==0 && pCte->nRefCte==0)
         || (pCte->eCteMagic==CTE_MAGIC && pCte->nRefCte>0) );
    pFrom->u2.pCteSrc = pCte;
    sqlite3WithClaimedByParse(pParse, pWith);
    pCte->nRefCte++;
    VVA_ONLY( pCte->eCteMagic = CTE_MAGIC );

    /* Check if this is a recursive CTE. */
    pRecTerm = pSel = pFrom->pSelect;
    bMayRecursive = ( pSel->op==TK_ALL || pSel->op==TK_UNION );
    while( bMayRecursive && pRecTerm->op==pSel->op ){
      int i;
      SrcList *pSrc = pRecTerm->pSrc;

  }
  if( pWalker->eCode ){
    /* Renumber selId because it has been copied from a view */
    p->selId = ++pParse->nSelect;
  }
  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, p->pWith, 0);
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, p->pWith);

  /* Make sure cursor numbers have been assigned to all entries in
  ** the FROM clause of the SELECT statement.
  */
  sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pTabList);

  /* Look up every table named in the FROM clause of the select.  If

    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("Move HAVING terms into WHERE:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Check to see if the pThis entry of pTabList is a self-join of a prior view.
** If it is, then return the SrcList_item for the prior view.  If it is not,
** then return 0.
** Check to see if the pThis entry of pTabList is a self-join of a prior view,
** or any reuse of a CTE that is not necessarily a self-join.
** If it is, then return the SrcList_item for the prior view or CTE.
** If it is not, then return 0.
*/
static struct SrcList_item *isSelfJoinView(
  SrcList *pTabList,           /* Search for self-joins in this FROM clause */
  struct SrcList_item *pThis   /* Search for prior reference to this subquery */
){
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  assert( pThis->pSelect!=0 );
  if( pThis->pSelect->selFlags & SF_PushDown ) return 0;
  if( pThis->fg.isCte ){
    Cte *pCte = pThis->u2.pCteSrc;
    sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(pThis);
    return pCte->pCteMat;
  }
  for(pItem = pTabList->a; pItem<pThis; pItem++){
    Select *pS1;
    if( pItem->pSelect==0 ) continue;
    if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine ) continue;
    if( pItem->zName==0 ) continue;
    assert( pItem->pTab!=0 );
    assert( pThis->pTab!=0 );

      ** pushDownWhereTerms() */
      continue;
    }
    return pItem;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Deallocate a single AggInfo object
*/
static void agginfoFree(sqlite3 *db, AggInfo *p){
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aCol);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aFunc);
  sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
}

#ifdef SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION
/*
** Attempt to transform a query of the form
**
**    SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT x FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT y FROM t2)
**

  /* For each term in the FROM clause, do two things:
  ** (1) Authorized unreferenced tables
  ** (2) Generate code for all sub-queries
  */
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
    struct SrcList_item *pPrior;
    SelectDest dest;
    Select *pSub;
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
    const char *zSavedAuthContext;
#endif

    /* Issue SQLITE_READ authorizations with a fake column name for any

      assert( pItem->pSelect && (pItem->pSelect->selFlags & SF_PushDown)!=0 );
    }else{
      SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("Push-down not possible\n"));
    }

    zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
    pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;

    /* Verify that the CTE back-reference information is valid */
    sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(pItem);

    /* Generate code to implement the subquery
    **
    ** The subquery is implemented as a co-routine if (1) the subquery is
    ** guaranteed to be the outer loop (so that it does not need to be
    ** computed more than once) and if (2) the subquery is not optimization
    ** barrier.
    ** computed more than once) and if (2) the subquery is a CTE that is
    ** used only this one time.
    **
    ** TODO: Are there other reasons beside (1) and (2) to use a co-routine
    ** implementation?
    **
    ** TODO: We might should allow a subquery that is an optimization barrier
    ** to be implemented as a co-routine as long as we know that it is the
    ** only use of the subquery.
    */
    if( i==0
     && (pTabList->nSrc==1
            || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0)  /* (1) */
     && (pSub->selFlags & SF_OptBarrier)==0                         /* (2) */
     && (pItem->fg.isCte && pItem->u2.pCteSrc->nRefCte==1)          /* (2) */
    ){
      /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
      ** set on each invocation.
      */
      int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
     
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      pItem->addrFillSub = addrTop;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "CO-ROUTINE %u", pSub->selId));
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = pSub->nSelectRow;
      pItem->fg.viaCoroutine = 1;
      pItem->regResult = dest.iSdst;
      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, pItem->regReturn);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop-1);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }else if( (pPrior = isSelfJoinView(pTabList,pItem))!=0 ){
      /* This view has been previously materialized.  Use the
      ** prior materialization */
      if( pPrior->addrFillSub ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pPrior->regReturn, pPrior->addrFillSub);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pItem->iCursor, pPrior->iCursor);
      assert( pPrior->pSelect!=0 );
      pSub->nSelectRow = pPrior->pSelect->nSelectRow;
    }else{
      /* Generate a subroutine that will fill an ephemeral table with
      ** the content of this subquery.  pItem->addrFillSub will point
      ** to the address of the generated subroutine.  pItem->regReturn
      ** is a register allocated to hold the subroutine return address
      */
      /* Materialize the view */
      int topAddr;
      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;
      struct SrcList_item *pPrior;

      testcase( pItem->addrFillSub==0 ); /* Ticket c52b09c7f38903b1311 */
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      if( pItem->fg.isCorrelated==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is not correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */
        onceAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
        VdbeComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }else{
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }
      pPrior = isSelfJoinView(pTabList, pItem);
      if( pPrior ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pItem->iCursor, pPrior->iCursor);
        assert( pPrior->pSelect!=0 );
        pSub->nSelectRow = pPrior->pSelect->nSelectRow;
      }else{
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "MATERIALIZE %u", pSub->selId));
        sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "MATERIALIZE %u", pSub->selId));
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      if( pItem->fg.isCte ){
        sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(pItem);
        pItem->u2.pCteSrc->pCteMat = pItem;
      }
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = pSub->nSelectRow;
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);

    if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
      sSort.nOBSat = sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo);
      sSort.labelOBLopt = sqlite3WhereOrderByLimitOptLabel(pWInfo);
      if( sSort.nOBSat==sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr ){
        sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
      }
    }
    SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));

    /* If sorting index that was created by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral 
    ** instruction ended up not being needed, then change the OP_OpenEphemeral
    ** into an OP_Noop.
    */
    if( sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 && sSort.pOrderBy==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, sSort.addrSortIndex);

      /* Use the standard inner loop. */
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
          sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pWInfo),
          sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));

      /* End the database scan loop.
      */
      SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
      sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
    }
  }else{
    /* This case when there exist aggregate functions or a GROUP BY clause
    ** or both */
    NameContext sNC;    /* Name context for processing aggregate information */
    int iAMem;          /* First Mem address for storing current GROUP BY */

    addrEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse);

    /* Convert TK_COLUMN nodes into TK_AGG_COLUMN and make entries in
    ** sAggInfo for all TK_AGG_FUNCTION nodes in expressions of the
    ** SELECT statement.
    */
    pAggInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pAggInfo) );
    if( pAggInfo==0 ){
    if( pAggInfo ){
      sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(pParse,
          (void(*)(sqlite3*,void*))agginfoFree, pAggInfo);
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ){
      goto select_end;
    }
    pAggInfo->pNext = pParse->pAggList;
    pParse->pAggList = pAggInfo;
    pAggInfo->selId = p->selId;
    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
    sNC.uNC.pAggInfo = pAggInfo;
    VVA_ONLY( sNC.ncFlags = NC_UAggInfo; )
    pAggInfo->mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;

      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
      SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
      pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pGroupBy, 0,
          WHERE_GROUPBY | (orderByGrp ? WHERE_SORTBYGROUP : 0), 0
      );
      if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
      SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));
      if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)==pGroupBy->nExpr ){
        /* The optimizer is able to deliver rows in group by order so
        ** we do not have to sort.  The OP_OpenEphemeral table will be
        ** cancelled later because we still need to use the pKeyInfo
        */
        groupBySort = 0;
      }else{

          }
        }
        regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase, nCol, regRecord);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterInsert, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, regRecord);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nCol);
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        pAggInfo->sortingIdxPTab = sortPTab = pParse->nTab++;
        sortOut = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, sortPTab, sortOut, nCol);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, pAggInfo->sortingIdx, addrEnd);
        VdbeComment((v, "GROUP BY sort")); VdbeCoverage(v);
        pAggInfo->useSortingIdx = 1;

      /* End of the loop
      */
      if( groupBySort ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterNext, pAggInfo->sortingIdx,addrTopOfLoop);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }else{
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrSortingIdx);
      }

      /* Output the final row of result
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regOutputRow, addrOutputRow);

        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin\n"));
        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMaxOrderBy,
                                   0, minMaxFlag, 0);
        if( pWInfo==0 ){
          goto select_end;
        }
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereBegin returns\n"));
        updateAccumulator(pParse, regAcc, pAggInfo);
        if( regAcc ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, regAcc);
        if( minMaxFlag ){
          sqlite3WhereMinMaxOptEarlyOut(v, pWInfo);
        }
        SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("WhereEnd\n"));
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, pAggInfo);
      }

      sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0, 

    }
  }else

  if( (c=='o'
        && (strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0||strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0))
   || (c=='e' && n==5 && strcmp(azArg[0],"excel")==0)
  ){
    const char *zFile = 0;
    char *zFile = 0;
    int bTxtMode = 0;
    int i;
    int eMode = 0;
    int bBOM = 0;
    int bOnce = 0;  /* 0: .output, 1: .once, 2: .excel */

    if( c=='e' ){

        }else{
          utf8_printf(p->out, "ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n",
                      azArg[i]);
          showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }else if( zFile==0 ){
        zFile = z;
      }else if( zFile==0 && eMode!='e' && eMode!='x' ){
        zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", z);
        if( zFile[0]=='|' ){
          while( i+1<nArg ) zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%z %s", zFile, azArg[++i]);
          break;
        }
      }else{
        utf8_printf(p->out,"ERROR: extra parameter: \"%s\".  Usage:\n",
                    azArg[i]);
        showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
        rc = 1;
        sqlite3_free(zFile);
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
    }
    if( zFile==0 ) zFile = "stdout";
    if( zFile==0 ) zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("stdout");
    if( bOnce ){
      p->outCount = 2;
    }else{
      p->outCount = 0;
    }
    output_reset(p);
#ifndef SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM

        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_CrLf);
      }else{
        /* text editor mode */
        newTempFile(p, "txt");
        bTxtMode = 1;
      }
      sqlite3_free(zFile);
      zFile = p->zTempFile;
      zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", p->zTempFile);
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM */
    if( zFile[0]=='|' ){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_POPEN
      raw_printf(stderr, "Error: pipes are not supported in this OS\n");
      rc = 1;
      p->out = stdout;

        p->out = stdout;
        rc = 1;
      } else {
        if( bBOM ) fprintf(p->out,"\357\273\277");
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
      }
    }
    sqlite3_free(zFile);
  }else

  if( c=='p' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "parameter", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p,0);
    if( nArg<=1 ) goto parameter_syntax_error;

    /* .parameter clear

  u8 notNull;      /* An OE_ code for handling a NOT NULL constraint */
  char affinity;   /* One of the SQLITE_AFF_... values */
  u8 szEst;        /* Estimated size of value in this column. sizeof(INT)==1 */
  u8 hName;        /* Column name hash for faster lookup */
  u16 colFlags;    /* Boolean properties.  See COLFLAG_ defines below */
};

/* Allowed values for Column.colFlags:
/* Allowed values for Column.colFlags.
**
** Constraints:
**         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
**         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
**         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
*/
#define COLFLAG_PRIMKEY   0x0001   /* Column is part of the primary key */
#define COLFLAG_HIDDEN    0x0002   /* A hidden column in a virtual table */
#define COLFLAG_HASTYPE   0x0004   /* Type name follows column name */
#define COLFLAG_UNIQUE    0x0008   /* Column def contains "UNIQUE" or "PK" */
#define COLFLAG_SORTERREF 0x0010   /* Use sorter-refs with this column */
#define COLFLAG_VIRTUAL   0x0020   /* GENERATED ALWAYS AS ... VIRTUAL */

** followed by non-hidden columns.  Example:  "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE x USING
** vtab1(a HIDDEN, b);".  Since "b" is a non-hidden column but "a" is hidden,
** the TF_OOOHidden attribute would apply in this case.  Such tables require
** special handling during INSERT processing. The "OOO" means "Out Of Order".
**
** Constraints:
**
**         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_Virtual
**         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_Stored
**         TF_HasVirtual == COLFLAG_VIRTUAL
**         TF_HasStored  == COLFLAG_STORED
**         TF_HasHidden  == COLFLAG_HIDDEN
*/
#define TF_Readonly        0x0001    /* Read-only system table */
#define TF_Ephemeral       0x0002    /* An ephemeral table */
#define TF_HasHidden       0x0002    /* Has one or more hidden columns */
#define TF_HasPrimaryKey   0x0004    /* Table has a primary key */
#define TF_Autoincrement   0x0008    /* Integer primary key is autoincrement */
#define TF_HasStat1        0x0010    /* nRowLogEst set from sqlite_stat1 */
#define TF_HasVirtual      0x0020    /* Has one or more VIRTUAL columns */
#define TF_HasStored       0x0040    /* Has one or more STORED columns */
#define TF_HasGenerated    0x0060    /* Combo: HasVirtual + HasStored */
#define TF_WithoutRowid    0x0080    /* No rowid.  PRIMARY KEY is the key */
#define TF_StatsUsed       0x0100    /* Query planner decisions affected by
                                     ** Index.aiRowLogEst[] values */
#define TF_NoVisibleRowid  0x0200    /* No user-visible "rowid" column */
#define TF_OOOHidden       0x0400    /* Out-of-Order hidden columns */
#define TF_HasNotNull      0x0800    /* Contains NOT NULL constraints */
#define TF_Shadow          0x1000    /* True for a shadow table */
#define TF_HasStat4        0x2000    /* STAT4 info available for this table */
#define TF_Ephemeral       0x4000    /* An ephemeral table */

/*
** Test to see whether or not a table is a virtual table.  This is
** done as a macro so that it will be optimized out when virtual
** table support is omitted from the build.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE

    Expr *pFExpr;            /* Expression encoding the function */
    FuncDef *pFunc;          /* The aggregate function implementation */
    int iMem;                /* Memory location that acts as accumulator */
    int iDistinct;           /* Ephemeral table used to enforce DISTINCT */
  } *aFunc;
  int nFunc;              /* Number of entries in aFunc[] */
  u32 selId;              /* Select to which this AggInfo belongs */
  AggInfo *pNext;         /* Next in list of them all */
};

/*
** The datatype ynVar is a signed integer, either 16-bit or 32-bit.
** Usually it is 16-bits.  But if SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER is greater
** than 32767 we have to make it 32-bit.  16-bit is preferred because
** it uses less memory in the Expr object, which is a big memory user

      unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
      unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
      unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
      unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
      unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
      unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
      unsigned fromDDL :1;       /* Comes from sqlite_schema */
      unsigned isCte :1;         /* True if table is a CTE */
    } fg;
    int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
    Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
    Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
    union {
      char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
      ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
    } u1;
    union {
    Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
      Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
      Cte *pCteSrc;     /* The original CTE, if fg.isCte is true */
    } u2;
  } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
#define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */

  int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
  TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
#endif
  AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
  Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
  Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
  Parse *pParentParse; /* Parent parser if this parser is nested */
  AggInfo *pAggList;   /* List of all AggInfo objects */
  union {
    int addrCrTab;         /* Address of OP_CreateBtree on CREATE TABLE */
    Returning *pReturning; /* The RETURNING clause */
  } u1;
  u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
  u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
  u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */

  u32 nInitRow;       /* Number of rows processed */
  Pgno mxPage;        /* Maximum page number.  0 for no limit. */
} InitData;

/*
** Allowed values for mInitFlags
*/
#define INITFLAG_AlterTable   0x0001  /* This is a reparse after ALTER TABLE */
#define INITFLAG_AlterRename   0x0001  /* Reparse after a RENAME */
#define INITFLAG_AlterDrop     0x0002  /* Reparse after a DROP COLUMN */

/*
** Structure containing global configuration data for the SQLite library.
**
** This structure also contains some state information.
*/
struct Sqlite3Config {

** callbacks.
*/
#define WRC_Continue    0   /* Continue down into children */
#define WRC_Prune       1   /* Omit children but continue walking siblings */
#define WRC_Abort       2   /* Abandon the tree walk */

/*
** Allowed values for Cte.eMAterialized
** Allowed values for Cte.eMaterialize
*/
#define MAT_NotSpec     0   /* Not specified */
#define MAT_Yes         1   /* AS MATERIALIZED ... */
#define MAT_No          2   /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED.  Not currently used */
#define Materialize_Any   0   /* Not specified */
#define Materialize_Yes   1   /* AS MATERIALIZED ... */
#define Materialize_No    2   /* AS NOT MATERIALIZED.  Not currently used */

/*
** An instance of this structure represents a set of one or more CTEs
** (common table expressions) created by a single WITH clause.
**
** A With object describes an entire WITH clause, which is composed of
** one or more Cte objects.  During parsing, the Cte objects are created
** separately for each common-table-expression, then copied into the
** With object container.
**
** DUAL OWNERSHIP
** The With object can be owned by a Select object (via the Select.pWith
** field), or it can be owned by the Parse object of the current parse,
** or by both.  The With.mOwner bitmask determines who owns each With object.
** The object is not deallocated until all owners have released it.
*/
struct Cte {
  char *zName;                  /* Name of this CTE */
  ExprList *pCols;              /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
  Select *pSelect;              /* The definition of this CTE */
  const char *zCteErr;          /* Error message for circular references */
  u8 eMaterialize;              /* One of the Materialize_* options */
  u16 eCteMagic;                /* Magic number for sanity checking */
  u8 eMaterialized;             /* One of the MAT_* values */
  u32 nRefCte;                  /* Number of times used */
  struct SrcList_item *pCteMat; /* The materialization of this CTE */
};
struct With {
  int nCte;                     /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
  int mOwner;                   /* Mask of bits to discribe ownership */
  With *pOuter;                 /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
  Cte a[1];                     /* The CTEs of this WITH clause */
};

/*
** The correct value for Cte.eCteMagic if the Cte object is valid
*/
#define CTE_MAGIC  0x3f96  /* Magic number for valid Cte objects */

/*
** Ownership flags for With.
*/
#define WithOwnedBySelect 0x01  /* Owned by a Select object */
#define WithOwnedByParse  0x10  /* Owned by the Parse object */

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
*/
struct TreeView {
  int iLevel;             /* Which level of the tree we are on */

# define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
# define sqlite3IsToplevel(p) 1
# define sqlite3TriggerColmask(A,B,C,D,E,F,G) 0
# define sqlite3TriggerStepSrc(A,B) 0
#endif

int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
int sqlite3ColumnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol);
void sqlite3SetJoinExpr(Expr*,int);
void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);
  int sqlite3AuthCheck(Parse*,int, const char*, const char*, const char*);
  void sqlite3AuthContextPush(Parse*, AuthContext*, const char*);

int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
int sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
void sqlite3AlterDropColumn(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
void *sqlite3RenameTokenMap(Parse*, void*, Token*);
void sqlite3RenameTokenRemap(Parse*, void *pTo, void *pFrom);
void sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3RenameExprlistUnmap(Parse*, ExprList*);
CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
char sqlite3AffinityType(const char*, Column*);
void sqlite3Analyze(Parse*, Token*, Token*);

int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3*, int, const char *);
int sqlite3VtabBegin(sqlite3 *, VTable *);
FuncDef *sqlite3VtabOverloadFunction(sqlite3 *,FuncDef*, int nArg, Expr*);
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(sqlite3_context*);
int sqlite3VdbeParameterIndex(Vdbe*, const char*, int);
int sqlite3TransferBindings(sqlite3_stmt *, sqlite3_stmt *);
void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse*);
void sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
void *sqlite3ParserAddCleanup(Parse*,void(*)(sqlite3*,void*),void*);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NORMALIZE
char *sqlite3Normalize(Vdbe*, const char*);
#endif
int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(Parse*, ExprList*, const char*);
CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(Parse*,const Expr*);
CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(Parse *, const Expr*, const Expr*);
int sqlite3TempInMemory(const sqlite3*);
const char *sqlite3JournalModename(int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
  int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3*, int, int, int*, int*);
  int sqlite3WalDefaultHook(void*,sqlite3*,const char*,int);
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
  Cte *sqlite3CteNew(Parse*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int);
  With *sqlite3WithAdd(Parse*,With*,Cte*);
  void sqlite3CteDelete(sqlite3*,Cte*);
  void sqlite3WithDelete(sqlite3*,With*);
  void sqlite3WithReleaseBySelect(sqlite3*,With*);
  void sqlite3WithReleaseByParse(sqlite3*,With*);
  void sqlite3WithClaimedBySelect(With*);
  With *sqlite3WithClaimedByParse(Parse*,With*);
  void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*, u8);
#else
#define sqlite3WithPush(x,y,z)
#define sqlite3WithDelete(x,y)
#endif
  void sqlite3WithPush(Parse*, With*);
# ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    void sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(struct SrcList_item*);
# else
#   define sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(X)
# endif
#else /* if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CTE) */
# define sqlite3WithPush(PARSE,W)
# deifne sqlite3WithDelete(Db,W)
# define sqlite3WithReleaseBySelect(DB,W)
# define sqlite3WithReleaseByParse(DB,W)
# define sqlite3WithClaimedBySelect(W)
# define sqlite3WithClaimedByParse(PARSE,W);
# define sqlite3AssertValidCteBackRef(X)
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
  Upsert *sqlite3UpsertNew(sqlite3*,ExprList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Upsert*);
  void sqlite3UpsertDelete(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
  Upsert *sqlite3UpsertDup(sqlite3*,Upsert*);
  int sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(Parse*,SrcList*,Upsert*);
  void sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(Parse*,Upsert*,Table*,Index*,int);
  Upsert *sqlite3UpsertOfIndex(Upsert*,Index*);

** Generate a human-readable description of a WITH clause.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewWith(TreeView *pView, const With *pWith, u8 moreToFollow){
  int i;
  if( pWith==0 ) return;
  if( pWith->nCte==0 ) return;
  if( pWith->pOuter ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "WITH (0x%p, pOuter=0x%p)",pWith,pWith->pOuter);
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "WITH (0x%p, pOuter=0x%p)",
                                pWith,pWith->pOuter);
  }else{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "WITH (0x%p)", pWith);
  }
  if( pWith->nCte>0 ){
    pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 1);
    for(i=0; i<pWith->nCte; i++){
      StrAccum x;
      char zLine[1000];
      const struct Cte *pCte = &pWith->a[i];
      sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%s", pCte->zName);
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%s%s (0x%p, n=%d)", pCte->zName,
          pCte->eMaterialize==Materialize_Any ? "" :
          pCte->eMaterialize==Materialize_Yes ? " MATERIALIZED" :
          " NOT MATERIALIZED", pCte, pCte->nRefCte);
      if( pCte->pCols && pCte->pCols->nExpr>0 ){
        char cSep = '(';
        int j;
        for(j=0; j<pCte->pCols->nExpr; j++){
          sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, "%c%s", cSep, pCte->pCols->a[j].zEName);
          cSep = ',';
        }

    }
    if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " LEFT-JOIN");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.fromDDL ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " DDL");
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isCte && pItem->u2.pCteSrc ){
      sqlite3_str_appendf(&x, " CTE=0x%p", pItem->u2.pCteSrc);
    }
    sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<pSrc->nSrc-1); 
    if( pItem->pSelect ){
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
    }
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");

       "INSERT INTO %Q." DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE
       " VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
       db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, zName,
       pTrig->table, z);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb,
        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "type='trigger' AND name='%q'", zName));
        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "type='trigger' AND name='%q'", zName), 0);
  }

  if( db->init.busy ){
    Trigger *pLink = pTrig;
    Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->trigHash;
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
    assert( pLink!=0 );

  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( DbHasProperty(db, iDb, DB_SchemaLoaded) );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  if( pOp->p4.z==0 ){
    sqlite3SchemaClear(db->aDb[iDb].pSchema);
    db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk;
    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, iDb, &p->zErrMsg, INITFLAG_AlterTable);
    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, iDb, &p->zErrMsg, pOp->p5);
    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
    p->expired = 0;
  }else
#endif
  {
    zSchema = DFLT_SCHEMA_TABLE;
    initData.db = db;

# define sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(A,B) /*no-op*/
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN)
  void sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(const char*,const char*);
#else
# define sqlite3ExplainBreakpoint(A,B) /*no-op*/
#endif
void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe*,int,char*);
void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe*, int, char*, u16);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(Vdbe*, int addr, u8);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(Vdbe*, int addr, int P1);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(Vdbe*, int addr, int P2);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(Vdbe*, int addr, int P3);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(Vdbe*, u16 P5);
void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe*, int addr);
void sqlite3VdbeJumpHereOrPopInst(Vdbe*, int addr);

** Add an OP_ParseSchema opcode.  This routine is broken out from
** sqlite3VdbeAddOp4() since it needs to also needs to mark all btrees
** as having been used.
**
** The zWhere string must have been obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
** This routine will take ownership of the allocated memory.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe *p, int iDb, char *zWhere){
void sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(Vdbe *p, int iDb, char *zWhere, u16 p5){
  int j;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(p, OP_ParseSchema, iDb, 0, 0, zWhere, P4_DYNAMIC);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(p, p5);
  for(j=0; j<p->db->nDb; j++) sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(p, j);
  sqlite3MayAbort(p->pParse);
}

/*
** Add an opcode that includes the p4 value as an integer.
*/

      pParse->regRowid
    );
    v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Expire);
    zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name=%Q AND sql=%Q", pTab->zName, zStmt);
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb, zWhere);
    sqlite3VdbeAddParseSchemaOp(v, iDb, zWhere, 0);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStmt);

    iReg = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, iReg, pTab->zName);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_VCreate, iDb, iReg);
  }

            zType[j] = zType[j+nDel];
          }
          if( zType[i]=='\0' && i>0 ){
            assert(zType[i-1]==' ');
            zType[i-1] = '\0';
          }
          pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_HIDDEN;
          pTab->tabFlags |= TF_HasHidden;
          oooHidden = TF_OOOHidden;
        }else{
          pTab->tabFlags |= oooHidden;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  pSrc = pTabList->a + pNew->iTab;
  pTab = pSrc->pTab;
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  assert( !IsVirtual(pSrc->pTab) );

  if( pSrc->pIBIndex ){
  if( pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy ){
    /* An INDEXED BY clause specifies a particular index to use */
    pProbe = pSrc->pIBIndex;
    pProbe = pSrc->u2.pIBIndex;
  }else if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
    pProbe = pTab->pIndex;
  }else{
    /* There is no INDEXED BY clause.  Create a fake Index object in local
    ** variable sPk to represent the rowid primary key index.  Make this
    ** fake index the first in a chain of Index objects with all of the real
    ** indices to follow */

  rLogSize = estLog(rSize);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
  /* Automatic indexes */
  if( !pBuilder->pOrSet      /* Not part of an OR optimization */
   && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)==0
   && (pWInfo->pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_AutoIndex)!=0
   && pSrc->pIBIndex==0      /* Has no INDEXED BY clause */
   && !pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy  /* Has no INDEXED BY clause */
   && !pSrc->fg.notIndexed   /* Has no NOT INDEXED clause */
   && HasRowid(pTab)         /* Not WITHOUT ROWID table. (FIXME: Why not?) */
   && !pSrc->fg.isCorrelated /* Not a correlated subquery */
   && !pSrc->fg.isRecursive  /* Not a recursive common table expression. */
  ){
    /* Generate auto-index WhereLoops */
    WhereTerm *pTerm;

    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX */

  /* Loop over all indices. If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only 
  ** consider index pProbe.  */
  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe; 
      pProbe=(pSrc->pIBIndex ? 0 : pProbe->pNext), iSortIdx++
        pProbe=(pSrc->fg.isIndexedBy ? 0 : pProbe->pNext), iSortIdx++
  ){
    int isLeft = (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;
    if( pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
     && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pSrc->iCursor, isLeft, pWC,
                                 pProbe->pPartIdxWhere)
    ){
      testcase( pNew->iTab!=pSrc->iCursor );  /* See ticket [98d973b8f5] */

  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_temp_master name temp {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_temp_master sql temp {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_temp_master type temp {}} 
  {SQLITE_SELECT {} {} {} {}} 
  {SQLITE_UPDATE sqlite_master sql main {}} 
  {SQLITE_UPDATE sqlite_temp_master sql temp {}}
}

do_auth_test 1.3 {
  ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN c;
} {
  {SQLITE_FUNCTION {} like {} {}} 
  {SQLITE_FUNCTION {} sqlite_drop_column {} {}}
  {SQLITE_FUNCTION {} sqlite_rename_test {} {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_master name main {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_master sql main {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_master tbl_name main {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_master type main {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_temp_master name temp {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_temp_master sql temp {}} 
  {SQLITE_READ sqlite_temp_master type temp {}} 
  {SQLITE_SELECT {} {} {} {}} 
  {SQLITE_UPDATE sqlite_master sql main {}}
}

finish_test

# 2019-01-11
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix altercorrupt

database_may_be_corrupt

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_test 1.0 {
  sqlite3 db {}
  db deserialize [decode_hexdb {
.open --hexdb
| size 24576 pagesize 4096 filename crash-685346d89b5e5f.db
| page 1 offset 0
|      0: 53 51 4c 69 74 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 33 00   SQLite format 3.
|     16: 10 00 01 01 00 40 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06   .....@  ........
|     32: 00 00 63 00 00 05 f0 00 00 00 00 04 10 00 00 04   ..c.............
|     48: 00 00 00 00 00 00 0f f0 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00   ................
|     64: 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|     96: 00 00 00 00 0d 0f f8 00 05 0e cf 00 0f 79 0f d3   .............y..
|    112: 0f 2e 0e f3 0e cf 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   3776: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 22   ................
|   3792: 05 06 17 11 11 01 31 74 61 62 6c 65 74 34 74 34   ......1tablet4t4
|   3808: 06 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c 45 20 74 34   .CREATE TABLE t4
|   3824: 28 7a 29 39 04 06 17 11 11 01 5f 74 61 62 6c 65   (z)9......_table
|   3840: 74 33 74 33 05 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c   t3t3.CREATE TABL
|   3856: 45 20 74 33 28 78 20 49 4e 54 45 47 45 52 20 50   E t3(x INTEGER P
|   3872: 52 49 4d 41 52 59 20 4b 45 59 2c 20 79 29 49 03   RIMARY KEY, y)I.
|   3888: 06 17 11 11 01 7f 74 61 62 6c 65 74 32 74 32 04   ......tablet2t2.
|   3904: 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c 45 20 74 32 28   CREATE TABLE t2(
|   3920: 61 2c 62 2c 63 20 50 52 49 4d 41 52 59 20 4b 45   a,b,c PRIMARY KE
|   3936: 59 2c 20 64 2c 20 65 2c 20 66 29 20 57 49 54 48   Y, d, e, f) WITH
|   3952: 4f 55 54 20 52 4f 57 49 44 58 03 07 17 11 11 01   OUT ROWIDX......
|   3968: 81 1b 74 61 62 6c 65 74 31 74 31 02 43 52 45 41   ..tablet1t1.CREA
|   3984: 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c 45 20 74 31 28 61 2c 62 2c   TE TABLE t1(a,b,
|   4000: 63 20 41 53 20 28 2d 62 29 20 56 49 52 54 55 41   c AS (-b) VIRTUA
|   4016: 4c 2c 64 20 43 48 45 43 4b 28 64 3e 35 29 2c 65   L,d CHECK(d>5),e
|   4032: 20 55 4e 49 51 55 45 2c 20 66 20 41 53 20 28 2b    UNIQUE, f AS (+
|   4048: 62 29 29 23 02 06 17 37 11 01 00 69 6e 64 65 78   b))#...7...index
|   4064: 73 71 6c 69 74 65 5f 61 75 74 6f 69 6e 64 65 78   sqlite_autoindex
|   4080: 5f 74 31 5f 31 74 31 03 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00   _t1_1t1.........
| page 2 offset 4096
|      0: 0d 00 00 00 0a 0f 93 00 0f f6 0f eb 0f e0 0f d5   ................
|     16: 0f ca 0f 8f 0f b4 0f a9 0f 9e 0f 93 00 00 00 00   ................
|   3984: 00 00 00 09 0a 05 01 01 01 01 0a 64 6e 14 09 09   ...........dn...
|   4000: 05 01 01 01 01 09 5a 6d 12 09 08 05 01 01 01 01   ......Zm........
|   4016: 08 50 6c 10 09 07 05 01 01 01 01 07 46 6b 0e 09   .Pl.........Fk..
|   4032: 06 05 01 01 01 01 06 3c 6a 0c 09 05 05 01 01 01   .......<j.......
|   4048: 01 05 32 69 0a 09 04 05 01 01 01 01 04 28 68 08   ..2i.........(h.
|   4064: 09 03 05 01 01 01 01 03 1e 67 06 09 02 05 01 01   .........g......
|   4080: 01 01 02 14 66 04 08 01 05 09 01 01 01 0a 65 02   ....f.........e.
| page 3 offset 8192
|      0: 0a 00 00 00 0a 0f c5 00 0f fb 0f f5 0f ef 0f e9   ................
|     16: 0f e3 0f dd 0f d7 0f d1 0f cb 0f c5 00 00 00 00   ................
|   4032: 00 00 00 00 00 05 03 01 01 14 0a 05 03 01 01 12   ................
|   4048: 09 05 03 01 01 10 08 05 03 01 01 0e 07 05 03 01   ................
|   4064: 01 0c 06 05 03 01 01 0a 05 05 03 01 01 08 04 05   ................
|   4080: 03 01 01 06 03 05 03 01 01 04 02 04 03 01 09 02   ................
| page 4 offset 12288
|      0: 0a 00 00 00 0a 0f 75 00 0f 75 0f 83 0f 91 0f 9f   ......u..u......
|     16: 0f ad 0f bb 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   3952: 00 00 00 00 00 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 9c 0a 64   ...............d
|   3968: 6e 14 64 0d 07 02 01 01 01 01 01 a6 09 5a 6d 12   n.d..........Zm.
|   3984: 5a 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 b0 08 50 6c 10 50 0d   Z..........Pl.P.
|   4000: 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 ba 07 46 6b 0e 46 0d 07 01   .........Fk.F...
|   4016: 01 01 01 01 01 c4 06 3c 6a 0c 3c 0d 07 01 01 01   .......<j.<.....
|   4032: 01 01 01 ce 05 32 69 0a 32 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01   .....2i.2.......
|   4048: 01 d8 04 28 68 08 28 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 e2   ...(h.(.........
|   4064: 03 1e 67 06 1e 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 ec 02 14   ..g.............
|   4080: 66 04 14 0c 07 01 09 01 01 01 01 f6 0a 65 02 0a   f............e..
| page 5 offset 16384
|      0: 0d 00 00 00 03 0f e9 00 0f e9 0f fb 0f f6 00 00   ................
|     16: 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   4064: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
|   4080: ff ff 9c 03 00 00 03 64 03 00 00 03 01 03 00 00   .......d........
| page 6 offset 20480
|      0: 0d 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
| end crash-685346d89b5e5f.db
}]} {}

do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN e;
}
do_catchsql_test 1.2 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN f;
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}


#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_test 2.0 {
  sqlite3 db {}
  db deserialize [decode_hexdb {
.open --hexdb
| size 24576 pagesize 4096 filename crash-0572db8f391431.db
| page 1 offset 0
|      0: 53 51 4c 69 74 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 33 00   SQLite format 3.
|     16: 10 00 01 01 00 40 20 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 06   .....@  ........
|     32: 00 00 63 00 10 05 f0 00 00 00 00 04 10 00 00 04   ..c.............
|     48: 00 00 00 00 00 00 0f f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|     96: 00 00 00 00 0d 0f f8 00 05 0e cf 00 0f 79 0f d3   .............y..
|    112: 0f 2e 0e f3 0e cf 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   3776: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 22   ................
|   3792: 05 06 17 11 11 01 31 74 61 62 6c 65 74 34 74 34   ......1tablet4t4
|   3808: 06 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c 45 20 74 34   .CREATE TABLE t4
|   3824: 28 7a 29 39 04 06 17 11 11 01 5f 74 61 62 6c 65   (z)9......_table
|   3840: 74 33 74 33 05 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c   t3t3.CREATE TABL
|   3856: 45 20 74 33 28 78 20 49 4e 54 55 47 45 52 20 50   E t3(x INTUGER P
|   3872: 52 49 4d 41 52 59 20 4b 45 59 2c 20 79 29 49 03   RIMARY KEY, y)I.
|   3888: 06 17 11 11 01 7f 74 61 62 6c 65 74 32 74 32 04   ......tablet2t2.
|   3904: 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c 45 20 74 32 28   CREATE TABLE t2(
|   3920: 61 2c 62 2c 63 20 50 52 49 4d 41 52 59 20 4b 45   a,b,c PRIMARY KE
|   3936: 59 2c 20 64 2c 20 65 2c 20 66 29 20 57 49 54 48   Y, d, e, f) WITH
|   3952: 4f 55 54 20 52 4f 57 49 44 58 05 07 17 11 11 01   OUT ROWIDX......
|   3968: 81 1b 74 61 62 6c 65 74 31 74 31 02 43 52 45 41   ..tablet1t1.CREA
|   3984: 54 45 20 54 41 42 4c 45 20 74 31 28 61 2c 62 2c   TE TABLE t1(a,b,
|   4000: 63 20 41 53 20 28 2d 62 29 20 56 49 52 54 55 41   c AS (-b) VIRTUA
|   4016: 4c 2c 64 20 43 48 45 43 4b 28 64 3e 35 29 2c 65   L,d CHECK(d>5),e
|   4032: 20 55 4e 49 51 55 45 2c 20 66 20 41 53 20 28 2b    UNIQUE, f AS (+
|   4048: 62 29 29 23 02 06 17 37 11 01 00 69 6e 64 65 78   b))#...7...index
|   4064: 73 71 6c 69 74 65 5f 61 75 74 6f 69 6e 64 65 78   sqlite_autoindex
|   4080: 5f 74 31 5f 31 84 31 03 01 00 00 08 00 00 00 00   _t1_1.1.........
| page 2 offset 4096
|      0: 0d 00 00 00 0a 0f 93 00 0f f6 0f eb 0f e0 0f d5   ................
|     16: 0f ca 0f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   3984: 00 00 00 09 0a 05 01 01 01 01 0a 64 6e 14 09 09   ...........dn...
|   4000: 05 01 01 01 01 09 5a 6d 12 09 08 05 01 00 f1 01   ......Zm........
|   4016: 08 50 6c 10 09 07 05 01 01 01 01 07 46 6b 0e 09   .Pl.........Fk..
|   4032: 06 05 01 00 f1 01 06 3c 6a 0c 09 05 05 01 01 01   .......<j.......
|   4048: 01 05 32 69 0a 09 04 05 01 01 01 01 04 28 68 08   ..2i.........(h.
|   4064: 57 03 05 01 01 01 01 03 1e 67 06 09 02 05 01 01   W........g......
|   4080: 01 01 02 14 66 04 08 01 05 09 01 01 01 0a 65 02   ....f.........e.
| page 3 offset 8192
|      0: 09 ff ff ff fa 0f c5 00 0f fb 0f f5 0f ef 0f e9   ................
|     16: 0f e3 0f dd 0f d7 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   4032: 00 00 00 00 00 05 03 01 01 14 0a 05 03 01 01 12   ................
|   4048: 09 05 03 01 01 10 08 05 03 01 01 0e 07 05 03 01   ................
|   4064: 01 0c 06 05 03 01 01 0a 05 05 03 01 01 08 04 05   ................
|   4080: 03 01 01 06 03 05 03 01 01 04 02 04 03 01 09 02   ................
| page 4 offset 12288
|      0: 0a 00 00 00 0a 0f 75 00 0f 75 0f 83 0f 91 0f 9f   ......u..u......
|     16: 0f ad 0f bb 0f 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00   ................
|   3952: 00 00 00 00 00 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 9c 0a 64   ...............d
|   3968: 6e 14 64 0d 07 02 01 01 01 01 01 a6 09 5a 6d 12   n.d..........Zm.
|   3984: 5a 0d 07 01 01 01 01 d4 01 b0 08 50 6c 10 50 0d   Z..........Pl.P.
|   4000: 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 ba 07 46 6b 0e 46 0d 07 00   .........Fk.F...
|   4016: 01 01 01 01 01 c4 06 3c 6a 0c 3c 0d 07 01 01 01   .......<j.<.....
|   4032: 01 01 01 ce 05 32 69 0a 32 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01   .....2i.2.......
|   4048: 01 d8 04 28 68 08 28 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 e2   ...(h.(.........
|   4064: 03 1e 67 06 1e 0d 07 01 01 01 01 01 01 ec 02 14   ..g.............
|   4080: 66 04 14 0c 07 01 09 01 01 00 f1 f6 0a 65 02 0a   f............e..
| page 5 offset 16384
|      0: 0d 00 00 00 03 0f e9 00 0f e9 0f fb 0f f6 00 00   ................
|   4064: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
|   4080: ff ff 9c 03 00 00 03 64 03 00 01 03 01 03 00 00   .......d........
| page 6 offset 20480
|      0: 0d 00 10 00 00 10 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   ................
| end crash-0572db8f391431.db
}]} {}

do_catchsql_test 2.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN a;
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}

finish_test

# 2021 February 16
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#*************************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix alterdropcol

# If SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE is defined, omit this file.
ifcapable !altertable {
  finish_test
  return
}

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM t1;

  CREATE TABLE t2(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y, z UNIQUE);
  CREATE INDEX t2y ON t2(y);

  CREATE TABLE t3(q, r, s);
  CREATE INDEX t3rs ON t3(r+s);
}

do_catchsql_test 1.1 {
  ALTER TABLE nosuch DROP COLUMN z;
} {1 {no such table: nosuch}}

do_catchsql_test 1.2 {
  ALTER TABLE v1 DROP COLUMN c;
} {1 {cannot drop column from view "v1"}}

ifcapable fts5 {
  do_execsql_test 1.3.1 {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ft1 USING fts5(one, two);
  }
  do_catchsql_test 1.3.2 {
    ALTER TABLE ft1 DROP COLUMN two;
  } {1 {cannot drop column from virtual table "ft1"}}
}

do_catchsql_test 1.4 {
  ALTER TABLE sqlite_schema DROP COLUMN sql;
} {1 {table sqlite_master may not be altered}}

do_catchsql_test 1.5 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN d;
} {1 {no such column: "d"}}

do_execsql_test 1.6.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN b;
}
do_execsql_test 1.6.2 {
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema WHERE name = 't1'
} {{CREATE TABLE t1(a, c)}}

do_execsql_test 1.7.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN c;
}
do_execsql_test 1.7.2 {
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema WHERE name = 't1'
} {{CREATE TABLE t1(a)}}

do_catchsql_test 1.7.3 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN a;
} {1 {cannot drop column "a": no other columns exist}}


do_catchsql_test 1.8 {
  ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN z
} {1 {cannot drop UNIQUE column: "z"}}

do_catchsql_test 1.9 {
  ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN x
} {1 {cannot drop PRIMARY KEY column: "x"}}

do_catchsql_test 1.10 {
  ALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN y
} {1 {error in index t2y after drop column: no such column: y}}

do_catchsql_test 1.11 {
  ALTER TABLE t3 DROP COLUMN s
} {1 {error in index t3rs after drop column: no such column: s}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

foreach {tn wo} {
  1 {}
  2 {WITHOUT ROWID}
} { eval [string map [list %TN% $tn %WO% $wo] {

  reset_db
  do_execsql_test 2.%TN%.0 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(x, y INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, z) %WO% ;
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4, 5, 6);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(7, 8, 9);
  }
  
  do_execsql_test 2.%TN%.1 {
    ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN x;
    SELECT * FROM t1;
  } {
    2 3  5 6  8 9
  }
  do_execsql_test 2.%TN%.2 {
    ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN z;
    SELECT * FROM t1;
  } {
    2 5 8
  }
}]}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t12(a, b, c, CHECK(c>10));
  CREATE TABLE t13(a, b, c CHECK(c>10));
}
do_catchsql_test 3.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t12 DROP COLUMN c;
} {1 {error in table t12 after drop column: no such column: c}}

do_catchsql_test 3.2 {
  ALTER TABLE t13 DROP COLUMN c;
} {0 {}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that generated columns can be dropped. And that other columns from
# tables that contain generated columns can be dropped.
#
foreach {tn wo vs} {
  1 ""              ""
  2 ""              VIRTUAL
  3 ""              STORED
  4 "WITHOUT ROWID" STORED
  5 "WITHOUT ROWID" VIRTUAL
} {
  reset_db

  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.0 "
    CREATE TABLE 'my table'(a, b PRIMARY KEY, c AS (a+b) $vs, d) $wo
  "
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.1 {
    INSERT INTO "my table"(a, b, d) VALUES(1, 2, 'hello');
    INSERT INTO "my table"(a, b, d) VALUES(3, 4, 'world');

    SELECT * FROM "my table"
  } {
    1 2 3 hello
    3 4 7 world
  }

  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.2 {
    ALTER TABLE "my table" DROP COLUMN c;
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.3 {
    SELECT * FROM "my table"
  } {
    1 2 hello
    3 4 world
  }
  
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.4 "
    CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, c PRIMARY KEY, d AS (b+c) $vs, e) $wo
  "
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.5 {
    INSERT INTO x1(a, b, c, e) VALUES(1, 2, 3, 4);
    INSERT INTO x1(a, b, c, e) VALUES(5, 6, 7, 8);
    INSERT INTO x1(a, b, c, e) VALUES(9, 10, 11, 12);
    SELECT * FROM x1;
  } {
    1 2 3 5 4
    5 6 7 13 8
    9 10 11 21 12
  }

  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.6 {
    ALTER TABLE x1 DROP COLUMN a
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.7 {
    SELECT * FROM x1
  } {
    2 3 5 4
    6 7 13 8
    10 11 21 12
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.8 {
    ALTER TABLE x1 DROP COLUMN e
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn.9 {
    SELECT * FROM x1
  } {
    2 3 5
    6 7 13
    10 11 21
  }
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 5.0 {
  CREATE TABLE p1(a PRIMARY KEY, b UNIQUE);
  CREATE TABLE c1(x, y, z REFERENCES p1(c));
  CREATE TABLE c2(x, y, z, w REFERENCES p1(b));
}
do_execsql_test 5.1 {
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP COLUMN z;
  ALTER TABLE c2 DROP COLUMN z;
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema WHERE name IN ('c1', 'c2');
} {
  {CREATE TABLE c1(x, y)} 
  {CREATE TABLE c2(x, y, w REFERENCES p1(b))}
}

do_execsql_test 5.2.1 {
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT d, e FROM p1
}
do_catchsql_test 5.2.2 {
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP COLUMN x
} {1 {error in view v1: no such column: d}}
do_execsql_test 5.3.1 {
  DROP VIEW v1;
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT x, y FROM c1;
}
do_catchsql_test 5.3.2 {
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP COLUMN x
} {1 {error in view v1 after drop column: no such column: x}}

do_execsql_test 5.4.1 {
  CREATE TRIGGER tr AFTER INSERT ON c1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(new.y, new.xyz);
  END;
}
do_catchsql_test 5.4.2 {
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP COLUMN y
} {1 {error in trigger tr: no such column: new.xyz}}
do_execsql_test 5.5.1 {
  DROP TRIGGER tr;
  CREATE TRIGGER tr AFTER INSERT ON c1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(new.y, new.z);
  END;
}
do_catchsql_test 5.5.2 {
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP COLUMN y
} {1 {error in trigger tr: no such column: new.z}}

finish_test

# 2021 February 19
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#*************************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix alterdropcol2

# If SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE is defined, omit this file.
ifcapable !altertable {
  finish_test
  return
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-58318-35349 The DROP COLUMN syntax is used to remove an
# existing column from a table.
do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(c, b, a, PRIMARY KEY(b, a)) WITHOUT ROWID;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6);
}
do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 DROP c;
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: The DROP COLUMN command removes the named column from the table,
# and also rewrites the entire table to purge the data associated with that
# column.  
do_execsql_test 1.2.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1;
} {2 3   5 6}

do_execsql_test 1.2.2 {
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema;
} {
  {CREATE TABLE t1(b, a, PRIMARY KEY(b, a)) WITHOUT ROWID}
}

proc do_atdc_error_test {tn schema atdc error} {
  reset_db
  execsql $schema
  uplevel [list do_catchsql_test $tn $atdc [list 1 [string trim $error]]]
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test cases 2.* attempt to verify the following:
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24098-10282 The DROP COLUMN command only works if the column
# is not referenced by any other parts of the schema and is not a PRIMARY KEY
# and does not have a UNIQUE constraint.
#

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-05184-13006 The column is a PRIMARY KEY.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
} { 
  ALTER TABLE x1 DROP COLUMN a 
} {
  cannot drop PRIMARY KEY column: "a"
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-43412-16016 The column has a UNIQUE constraint.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.2.1 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a PRIMARY KEY, b, c UNIQUE);
} { 
  ALTER TABLE x1 DROP COLUMN c 
} {
  cannot drop UNIQUE column: "c"
}
do_atdc_error_test 2.2.2 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a PRIMARY KEY, b, c, UNIQUE(b, c));
} { 
  ALTER TABLE x1 DROP COLUMN c 
} {
  error in table x1 after drop column: no such column: c
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46731-08965: The column is indexed.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.3.1 {
  CREATE TABLE 'one two'('x y', 'z 1', 'a b');
  CREATE INDEX idx ON 'one two'('z 1');
} { 
  ALTER TABLE 'one two' DROP COLUMN 'z 1' 
} {
  error in index idx after drop column: no such column: z 1
}
do_atdc_error_test 2.3.2 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, c);
  CREATE INDEX idx ON x1(a);
} { 
  ALTER TABLE x1 DROP COLUMN a;
} {
  error in index idx after drop column: no such column: a
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46731-08965: The column is indexed.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE x1234(a, b, c PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID;
  CREATE INDEX i1 ON x1234(b) WHERE ((a+5) % 10)==0;
} { 
  ALTER TABLE x1234 DROP a
} {
  error in index i1 after drop column: no such column: a
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-18825-17786 The column appears in a table CHECK constraint.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.5.1 {
  CREATE TABLE x1234(a, b, c PRIMARY KEY, CHECK(((a+5)%10)!=0)) WITHOUT ROWID;
} { 
  ALTER TABLE x1234 DROP a
} {
  error in table x1234 after drop column: no such column: a
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-55640-01652 The column is used in a foreign key constraint.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.6.1 {
  CREATE TABLE p1(x, y UNIQUE);
  CREATE TABLE c1(u, v, FOREIGN KEY (v) REFERENCES p1(y))
} { 
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP v
} {
  error in table c1 after drop column: unknown column "v" in foreign key definition
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-20795-39479 The column is used in the expression of a 
# generated column.
do_atdc_error_test 2.7.1 {
  CREATE TABLE c1(u, v, w AS (u+v));
} { 
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP v
} {
  error in table c1 after drop column: no such column: v
}
do_atdc_error_test 2.7.2 {
  CREATE TABLE c1(u, v, w AS (u+v) STORED);
} { 
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP u
} {
  error in table c1 after drop column: no such column: u
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-01515-49025 The column appears in a trigger or view.
#
do_atdc_error_test 2.8.1 {
  CREATE TABLE log(l);
  CREATE TABLE c1(u, v, w);
  CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER INSERT ON c1 BEGIN
    INSERT INTO log VALUES(new.w);
  END;
} { 
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP w
} {
  error in trigger tr1 after drop column: no such column: new.w
}
do_atdc_error_test 2.8.2 {
  CREATE TABLE c1(u, v, w);
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT u, v, w FROM c1;
} { 
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP w
} {
  error in view v1 after drop column: no such column: w
}
do_atdc_error_test 2.8.3 {
  CREATE TABLE c1(u, v, w);
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT * FROM c1 WHERE w IS NOT NULL;
} { 
  ALTER TABLE c1 DROP w
} {
  error in view v1 after drop column: no such column: w
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Verify that a column that is part of a CHECK constraint may be dropped
# if the CHECK constraint was specified as part of the column definition.
#

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-60924-11170 However, the column being deleted can be used in a
# column CHECK constraint because the column CHECK constraint is dropped
# together with the column itself.
do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE yyy(q, w, e CHECK (e > 0), r);
  INSERT INTO yyy VALUES(1,1,1,1), (2,2,2,2);

  CREATE TABLE zzz(q, w, e, r, CHECK (e > 0));
  INSERT INTO zzz VALUES(1,1,1,1), (2,2,2,2);
}
do_catchsql_test 3.1.1 {
  INSERT INTO yyy VALUES(0,0,0,0);
} {1 {CHECK constraint failed: e > 0}}
do_catchsql_test 3.1.2 {
  INSERT INTO yyy VALUES(0,0,0,0);
} {1 {CHECK constraint failed: e > 0}}

do_execsql_test 3.2.1 {
  ALTER TABLE yyy DROP e;
}
do_catchsql_test 3.2.2 {
  ALTER TABLE zzz DROP e;
} {1 {error in table zzz after drop column: no such column: e}}

finish_test

}

# Legacy behavior is to corrupt the schema in this case, as the table name in
# the CHECK constraint is incorrect after "t1" is renamed. This version is
# slightly different - it rejects the change and rolls back the transaction.
do_catchsql_test 1.2 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME TO t1new;
} {1 {no such column: t1.a}}
} {1 {error in table t1new after rename: no such column: t1.a}}

do_execsql_test 1.3 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(c, d);
  ALTER TABLE t3 RENAME TO t3new;
  DROP TABLE t3new;
}

do_execsql_test 1.4 {
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master
} {
  {CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, CHECK(t1.a != t1.b))}
  {CREATE TABLE t2(a, b)}
  {CREATE INDEX t2expr ON t2(a) WHERE t2.b>0}
}


do_catchsql_test 1.3 {
  ALTER TABLE t2 RENAME TO t2new;
} {1 {no such column: t2.b}}
} {1 {error in index t2expr after rename: no such column: t2.b}}
do_execsql_test 1.4 {
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master
} {
  {CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, CHECK(t1.a != t1.b))}
  {CREATE TABLE t2(a, b)}
  {CREATE INDEX t2expr ON t2(a) WHERE t2.b>0}
}

# 2021 February 18
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#*************************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
source $testdir/malloc_common.tcl
set testprefix altermalloc3

# If SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE is defined, omit this file.
ifcapable !altertable {
  finish_test
  return
}

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c, d, PRIMARY KEY(d, b)) WITHOUT ROWID;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3, 4);
}
faultsim_save_and_close

do_faultsim_test 1 -prep {
  faultsim_restore_and_reopen
} -body {
  execsql { ALTER TABLE t1 DROP COLUMN c }
} -test {
  faultsim_test_result {0 {}}
}


finish_test

  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.t1 USING fts3(a);
  BEGIN;
  CREATE TABLE t2(x);
} {}

do_catchsql_test 1.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t1_content RENAME c0a TO docid;
} {1 {duplicate column name: docid}}
} {1 {error in table t1_content after rename: duplicate column name: docid}}

do_catchsql_test 1.2 {
  UPDATE t1 SET Col0 = 1 ;
} {1 {no such column: Col0}}

do_catchsql_test 1.3 {
  ROLLBACK;

    preupdate {DELETE main sqlite_stat1 1 1}
    preupdate {DELETE main sqlite_stat1 2 2}
    preupdate {INSERT main sqlite_stat1 1 1}
    preupdate {INSERT main sqlite_stat1 2 2}
  }]
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that the pre-update hook is fired for INSERT statements that use
# the xfer optimization on without rowid tables.

#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 12.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b) WITHOUT ROWID;

  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 4);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(5, 6);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(7, 8);

  CREATE TABLE t3 (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b) WITHOUT ROWID;
}

db preupdate hook preupdate_cb
db update_hook update_cb

proc preupdate_cb {args} { lappend ::res "preupdate" $args }
proc update_cb {args} { lappend ::res "update" $args }

set ::res [list]
do_test 12.2 {
  execsql VACUUM
  set ::res
} {}

do_test 12.3 {
  set ::res [list]
  execsql { INSERT INTO t3 SELECT a, b FROM t2 }
  set ::res
} {preupdate {INSERT main t3 0 0} preupdate {INSERT main t3 0 0}}

do_test 12.4 {
  execsql { DELETE FROM t3 }
  set ::res [list]
  execsql { INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t2 }
  set ::res
} {preupdate {INSERT main t3 0 0} preupdate {INSERT main t3 0 0}}

do_execsql_test 12.5 {
  CREATE TABLE t4(a COLLATE nocase PRIMARY KEY, b) WITHOUT ROWID;
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('abc', 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('DEF', 2);
}

set ::res [list]
do_test 12.6 {
  execsql VACUUM
  set ::res
} {}

do_catchsql_test 12.6 {
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('def', 3);
} {1 {UNIQUE constraint failed: t4.a}}

finish_test