**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains helper routines used to translate binary data into
** a null-terminated string (suitable for use in SQLite) and back again.
** These are convenience routines for use by people who want to store binary
** data in an SQLite database.  The code in this file is used by any other
** part of the SQLite library.
**
** $Id: encode.c,v 1.4 2003/01/11 14:25:40 drh Exp $
*/
#include <string.h>

/*
** Encode a binary buffer "in" of size n bytes so that it contains
** no instances of characters '\'' or '\000'.  The output is 
** null-terminated and can be used as a string value in an INSERT

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains helper routines used to translate binary data into
** a null-terminated string (suitable for use in SQLite) and back again.
** These are convenience routines for use by people who want to store binary
** data in an SQLite database.  The code in this file is not used by any other
** part of the SQLite library.
**
** $Id: encode.c,v 1.5 2003/01/19 03:59:46 drh Exp $
*/
#include <string.h>

/*
** Encode a binary buffer "in" of size n bytes so that it contains
** no instances of characters '\'' or '\000'.  The output is 
** null-terminated and can be used as a string value in an INSERT

**
*************************************************************************
** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
** accessed by users of the library.
**
** $Id: main.c,v 1.108 2003/01/18 17:04:09 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
................................................................................
** database.  See sqliteInit() below for additional information.
**
** Each callback contains the following information:
**
**     argv[0] = "file-format" or "schema-cookie" or "table" or "index"
**     argv[1] = table or index name or meta statement type.
**     argv[2] = root page number for table or index.  NULL for meta.
**     argv[3] = SQL create statement for the table or index
**     argv[4] = "1" for temporary files, "0" for main database
**
*/
static
int sqliteInitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
  InitData *pData = (InitData*)pInit;
  Parse sParse;
................................................................................
    sqliteFree(*pzErrMsg);
    *pzErrMsg = 0;
  }

  /* If the database is in formats 1 or 2, then upgrade it to
  ** version 3.  This will reconstruct all indices.  If the
  ** upgrade fails for any reason (ex: out of disk space, database
  ** is read only, interrupt receive, etc.) then refuse to open.
  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->file_format<3 ){
    char *zErr = 0;
    InitData initData;
    int meta[SQLITE_N_BTREE_META];

    initData.db = db;
................................................................................
** string that is exported from SQLite should have already passed through
** sqliteStrRealloc().
*/
void sqlite_freemem(void *p){ free(p); }

/*
** Windows systems need functions to call to return the sqlite_version
** and sqlite_encoding strings.

*/
const char *sqlite_libversion(void){ return sqlite_version; }
const char *sqlite_libencoding(void){ return sqlite_encoding; }

/*
** Create new user-defined functions.  The sqlite_create_function()
** routine creates a regular function and sqlite_create_aggregate()

**
*************************************************************************
** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
** accessed by users of the library.
**
** $Id: main.c,v 1.109 2003/01/19 03:59:47 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** A pointer to this structure is used to communicate information
................................................................................
** database.  See sqliteInit() below for additional information.
**
** Each callback contains the following information:
**
**     argv[0] = "file-format" or "schema-cookie" or "table" or "index"
**     argv[1] = table or index name or meta statement type.
**     argv[2] = root page number for table or index.  NULL for meta.
**     argv[3] = SQL text for a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement.
**     argv[4] = "1" for temporary files, "0" for main database
**
*/
static
int sqliteInitCallback(void *pInit, int argc, char **argv, char **azColName){
  InitData *pData = (InitData*)pInit;
  Parse sParse;
................................................................................
    sqliteFree(*pzErrMsg);
    *pzErrMsg = 0;
  }

  /* If the database is in formats 1 or 2, then upgrade it to
  ** version 3.  This will reconstruct all indices.  If the
  ** upgrade fails for any reason (ex: out of disk space, database
  ** is read only, interrupt received, etc.) then refuse to open.
  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && db->file_format<3 ){
    char *zErr = 0;
    InitData initData;
    int meta[SQLITE_N_BTREE_META];

    initData.db = db;
................................................................................
** string that is exported from SQLite should have already passed through
** sqliteStrRealloc().
*/
void sqlite_freemem(void *p){ free(p); }

/*
** Windows systems need functions to call to return the sqlite_version
** and sqlite_encoding strings since they are unable to access constants
** within DLLs.
*/
const char *sqlite_libversion(void){ return sqlite_version; }
const char *sqlite_libencoding(void){ return sqlite_encoding; }

/*
** Create new user-defined functions.  The sqlite_create_function()
** routine creates a regular function and sqlite_create_aggregate()

/*
** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
** the public domain.  The original comments are included here for
** completeness.  They are slightly out-of-date.
**
** The following modules is an enhanced replacement for the "printf" programs
** found in the standard library.  The following enhancements are
** supported:
**
**      +  Additional functions.  The standard set of "printf" functions
**         includes printf, fprintf, sprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, and
**         vsprintf.  This module adds the following:
**
**           *  snprintf -- Works like sprintf, but has an extra argument

/*
** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
** the public domain.  The original comments are included here for
** completeness.  They are slightly out-of-date.
**
** The following modules is an enhanced replacement for the "printf" subroutines
** found in the standard C library.  The following enhancements are
** supported:
**
**      +  Additional functions.  The standard set of "printf" functions
**         includes printf, fprintf, sprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, and
**         vsprintf.  This module adds the following:
**
**           *  snprintf -- Works like sprintf, but has an extra argument

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.122 2003/01/18 20:11:07 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
................................................................................
    *ppExpr = pE;
  }
}

/*
** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.
**
** The EP_FromJoin property is used at on terms of an expression to tell
** the LEFT OUTER JOIN processing logic that this term is part of the
** join restriction specified in the ON or USING clause and not a part
** of the more general WHERE clause.  These terms are moved over to the
** WHERE clause during join processing but we need to remember that they
** originated in the ON or USING clause.
*/
static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p){
................................................................................
  sqliteVdbeResolveLabel(v, end);
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_SortReset, 0, 0);
}

/*
** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the datatypes of
** columns in the result set.











*/
static void generateColumnTypes(
  Parse *pParse,      /* Parser context */
  int base,           /* VDBE cursor corresponding to first entry in pTabList */
  SrcList *pTabList,  /* List of tables */
  ExprList *pEList    /* Expressions defining the result set */
){
................................................................................
** if the corresponding column in p and every SELECT to the left of
** p has a datatype of SQLITE_SO_TEXT.  If the cooressponding column
** in p or any of the left SELECTs is SQLITE_SO_NUM, then the datatype
** of the order-by expression is set to SQLITE_SO_NUM.
**
** Examples:
**
**    SELECT a,b












*/ 
static void multiSelectSortOrder(Select *p, ExprList *pOrderBy){
  int i;
  ExprList *pEList;
  if( pOrderBy==0 ) return;
  if( p==0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
................................................................................
  }
}

/*
** This routine is called to process a query that is really the union
** or intersection of two or more separate queries.
**
** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries.  The results should




** be stored in eDest with parameter iParm.



















*/
static int multiSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int eDest, int iParm){
  int rc;             /* Success code from a subroutine */
  Select *pPrior;     /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
  Vdbe *v;            /* Generate code to this VDBE */

  /* Make sure there is no ORDER BY clause on prior SELECTs.  Only the 
................................................................................
  return 1;
}

/*
** Analyze the SELECT statement passed in as an argument to see if it
** is a simple min() or max() query.  If it is and this query can be
** satisfied using a single seek to the beginning or end of an index,
** then generate the code for this SELECT return 1.  If this is not a 
** simple min() or max() query, then return 0;
**
** A simply min() or max() query looks like this:
**
**    SELECT min(a) FROM table;
**    SELECT max(a) FROM table;
**
................................................................................
**
**     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary table iParm
**
**     SRT_Except      Remove results form the temporary table iParm.
**
**     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table iParm
**




** This routine returns the number of errors.  If any errors are
** encountered, then an appropriate error message is left in
** pParse->zErrMsg.
**
** This routine does NOT free the Select structure passed in.  The
** calling function needs to do that.
**
** The pParent, parentTab, and *pParentAgg fields are filled in if this
** SELECT is a subquery.  This routine may try to combine this SELECT
** with its parent to form a single flat query.  In so doing, it might
** change the parent query from a non-aggregate to an aggregate query.
** For that reason, the pParentAgg flag is passed as a pointer, so it
** can be changed.














*/
int sqliteSelect(
  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
  Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
  int eDest,             /* One of: SRT_Callback Mem Set Union Except */
  int iParm,             /* Save result in this memory location, if >=0 */
  Select *pParent,       /* Another SELECT for which this is a sub-query */
  int parentTab,         /* Index in pParent->pSrc of this query */
  int *pParentAgg        /* True if pParent uses aggregate functions */
){
  int i;
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;
  Vdbe *v;
................................................................................

  /* 
  ** Do not even attempt to generate any code if we have already seen
  ** errors before this routine starts.
  */
  if( pParse->nErr>0 ) goto select_end;

  /* Look up every table in the table list and create an appropriate
  ** columnlist in pEList if there isn't one already.  (The parser leaves
  ** a NULL in the p->pEList if the SQL said "SELECT * FROM ...")
  */
  if( fillInColumnList(pParse, p) ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pEList==0 ) goto select_end;
................................................................................
  }

  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqliteGetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

  /* Identify column names if we will be using in the callback.  This
  ** step is skipped if the output is going to a table or a memory cell.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
    generateColumnNames(pParse, p->base, pTabList, pEList);
  }

  /* Set the limiter
  */
................................................................................
  */
  if( pParent && pParentAgg &&
      flattenSubquery(pParse, pParent, parentTab, *pParentAgg, isAgg) ){
    if( isAgg ) *pParentAgg = 1;
    return rc;
  }

  /* Identify column types if we will be using in the callback.  This
  ** step is skipped if the output is going to a table or a memory cell.

  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
    generateColumnTypes(pParse, p->base, pTabList, pEList);
  }

  /* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
  */
................................................................................
  */
  rc = 0;

  /* Control jumps to here if an error is encountered above, or upon
  ** successful coding of the SELECT.
  */
select_end:
  /* pParse->nTab = base; */
  sqliteAggregateInfoReset(pParse);
  return rc;
}

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.123 2003/01/19 03:59:47 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
................................................................................
    *ppExpr = pE;
  }
}

/*
** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.
**
** The EP_FromJoin property is used on terms of an expression to tell
** the LEFT OUTER JOIN processing logic that this term is part of the
** join restriction specified in the ON or USING clause and not a part
** of the more general WHERE clause.  These terms are moved over to the
** WHERE clause during join processing but we need to remember that they
** originated in the ON or USING clause.
*/
static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p){
................................................................................
  sqliteVdbeResolveLabel(v, end);
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_SortReset, 0, 0);
}

/*
** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the datatypes of
** columns in the result set.
**
** This routine only generates code if the "PRAGMA show_datatypes=on"
** has been executed.  The datatypes are reported out in the azCol
** parameter to the callback function.  The first N azCol[] entries
** are the names of the columns, and the second N entries are the
** datatypes for the columns.
**
** The "datatype" for a result that is a column of a type is the
** datatype definition extracted from the CREATE TABLE statement.
** The datatype for an expression is either TEXT or NUMERIC.  The
** datatype for a ROWID field is INTEGER.
*/
static void generateColumnTypes(
  Parse *pParse,      /* Parser context */
  int base,           /* VDBE cursor corresponding to first entry in pTabList */
  SrcList *pTabList,  /* List of tables */
  ExprList *pEList    /* Expressions defining the result set */
){
................................................................................
** if the corresponding column in p and every SELECT to the left of
** p has a datatype of SQLITE_SO_TEXT.  If the cooressponding column
** in p or any of the left SELECTs is SQLITE_SO_NUM, then the datatype
** of the order-by expression is set to SQLITE_SO_NUM.
**
** Examples:
**
**     CREATE TABLE one(a INTEGER, b TEXT);
**     CREATE TABLE two(c VARCHAR(5), d FLOAT);
**
**     SELECT b, b FROM one UNION SELECT d, c FROM two ORDER BY 1, 2;
**
** The primary sort key will use SQLITE_SO_NUM because the "d" in
** the second SELECT is numeric.  The 1st column of the first SELECT
** is text but that does not matter because a numeric always overrides
** a text.
**
** The secondary key will use the SQLITE_SO_TEXT sort order because
** both the (second) "b" in the first SELECT and the "c" in the second
** SELECT have a datatype of text.
*/ 
static void multiSelectSortOrder(Select *p, ExprList *pOrderBy){
  int i;
  ExprList *pEList;
  if( pOrderBy==0 ) return;
  if( p==0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
................................................................................
  }
}

/*
** This routine is called to process a query that is really the union
** or intersection of two or more separate queries.
**
** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries.  the query on the
** left is p->pPrior.  The left query could also be a compound query
** in which case this routine will be called recursively. 
**
** The results of the total query are to be written into a destination
** of type eDest with parameter iParm.
**
** Example 1:  Consider a three-way compound SQL statement.
**
**     SELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t2 UNION SELECT c FROM t3
**
** This statement is parsed up as follows:
**
**     SELECT c FROM t3
**      |
**      `----->  SELECT b FROM t2
**                |
**                `------>  SELECT c FROM t1
**
** The arrows in the diagram above represent the Select.pPrior pointer.
** So if this routine is called with p equal to the t3 query, then
** pPrior will be the t2 query.  p->op will be TK_UNION in this case.
**
** Notice that because of the way SQLite parses compound SELECTs, the
** individual selects always group from left to right.
*/
static int multiSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int eDest, int iParm){
  int rc;             /* Success code from a subroutine */
  Select *pPrior;     /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
  Vdbe *v;            /* Generate code to this VDBE */

  /* Make sure there is no ORDER BY clause on prior SELECTs.  Only the 
................................................................................
  return 1;
}

/*
** Analyze the SELECT statement passed in as an argument to see if it
** is a simple min() or max() query.  If it is and this query can be
** satisfied using a single seek to the beginning or end of an index,
** then generate the code for this SELECT and return 1.  If this is not a 
** simple min() or max() query, then return 0;
**
** A simply min() or max() query looks like this:
**
**    SELECT min(a) FROM table;
**    SELECT max(a) FROM table;
**
................................................................................
**
**     SRT_Union       Store results as a key in a temporary table iParm
**
**     SRT_Except      Remove results form the temporary table iParm.
**
**     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table iParm
**
** The table above is incomplete.  Additional eDist value have be added
** since this comment was written.  See the selectInnerLoop() function for
** a complete listing of the allowed values of eDest and their meanings.
**
** This routine returns the number of errors.  If any errors are
** encountered, then an appropriate error message is left in
** pParse->zErrMsg.
**
** This routine does NOT free the Select structure passed in.  The
** calling function needs to do that.
**
** The pParent, parentTab, and *pParentAgg fields are filled in if this
** SELECT is a subquery.  This routine may try to combine this SELECT
** with its parent to form a single flat query.  In so doing, it might
** change the parent query from a non-aggregate to an aggregate query.
** For that reason, the pParentAgg flag is passed as a pointer, so it
** can be changed.
**
** Example 1:   The meaning of the pParent parameter.
**
**    SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN (SELECT x, count(*) FROM t2) JOIN t3;
**    \                      \_______ subquery _______/        /
**     \                                                      /
**      \____________________ outer query ___________________/
**
** This routine is called for the outer query first.   For that call,
** pParent will be NULL.  During the processing of the outer query, this 
** routine is called recursively to handle the subquery.  For the recursive
** call, pParent will point to the outer query.  Because the subquery is
** the second element in a three-way join, the parentTab parameter will
** be 1 (the 2nd value of a 0-indexed array.)
*/
int sqliteSelect(
  Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
  Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
  int eDest,             /* How to dispose of the results */
  int iParm,             /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
  Select *pParent,       /* Another SELECT for which this is a sub-query */
  int parentTab,         /* Index in pParent->pSrc of this query */
  int *pParentAgg        /* True if pParent uses aggregate functions */
){
  int i;
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;
  Vdbe *v;
................................................................................

  /* 
  ** Do not even attempt to generate any code if we have already seen
  ** errors before this routine starts.
  */
  if( pParse->nErr>0 ) goto select_end;

  /* Expand any "*" terms in the result set.  (For example the "*" in
  ** "SELECT * FROM t1")  The fillInColumnlist() routine also does some
  ** other housekeeping - see the header comment for details.
  */
  if( fillInColumnList(pParse, p) ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pEList==0 ) goto select_end;
................................................................................
  }

  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqliteGetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

  /* Identify column names if we will be using them in a callback.  This
  ** step is skipped if the output is going to some other destination.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
    generateColumnNames(pParse, p->base, pTabList, pEList);
  }

  /* Set the limiter
  */
................................................................................
  */
  if( pParent && pParentAgg &&
      flattenSubquery(pParse, pParent, parentTab, *pParentAgg, isAgg) ){
    if( isAgg ) *pParentAgg = 1;
    return rc;
  }

  /* Identify column types if we will be using a callback.  This
  ** step is skipped if the output is going to a destination other
  ** than a callback.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
    generateColumnTypes(pParse, p->base, pTabList, pEList);
  }

  /* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
  */
................................................................................
  */
  rc = 0;

  /* Control jumps to here if an error is encountered above, or upon
  ** successful coding of the SELECT.
  */
select_end:

  sqliteAggregateInfoReset(pParse);
  return rc;
}

**
** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.198 2003/01/16 13:42:43 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The makefile scans this source file and creates the following
** array of string constants which are the names of all VDBE opcodes.
................................................................................
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullCallback P1 * *
**
** Invoke the callback function once with the 2nd argument (the
** number of columns) equal to P1 and with the 4th argument (the
** names of the columns) set according to prior OP_ColumnName and
** OP_ColumnCount instructions.  This is all like the regular
** OP_Callback or OP_SortCallback opcodes.  But the 3rd argument
** which normally contains a pointer to an array of pointers to
** data is NULL.
**
** The callback is only invoked if there have been no prior calls
** to OP_Callback or OP_SortCallback.
**

**
** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.199 2003/01/19 03:59:47 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The makefile scans this source file and creates the following
** array of string constants which are the names of all VDBE opcodes.
................................................................................
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullCallback P1 * *
**
** Invoke the callback function once with the 2nd argument (the
** number of columns) equal to P1 and with the 4th argument (the
** names of the columns) set according to prior OP_ColumnName
** instructions.  This is all like the regular
** OP_Callback or OP_SortCallback opcodes.  But the 3rd argument
** which normally contains a pointer to an array of pointers to
** data is NULL.
**
** The callback is only invoked if there have been no prior calls
** to OP_Callback or OP_SortCallback.
**