SQLite

    }
  }


  /* Get the VDBE program ready for execution
  */
  if( v && ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && !db->mallocFailed ){




    assert( pParse->iCacheLevel==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
    /* A minimum of one cursor is required if autoincrement is used
    *  See ticket [a696379c1f08866] */
    if( pParse->pAinc!=0 && pParse->nTab==0 ) pParse->nTab = 1;
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
    pParse->colNamesSet = 0;

    /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
    /* ePragFlag: */ 0,
    /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace },
  { /* zName:     */ "vdbe_debug",
    /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
    /* ePragFlag: */ 0,
    /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_SqlTrace|SQLITE_VdbeListing|SQLITE_VdbeTrace },
  { /* zName:     */ "vdbe_eqp",
    /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
    /* ePragFlag: */ 0,
    /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_VdbeEQP },
  { /* zName:     */ "vdbe_listing",
    /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
    /* ePragFlag: */ 0,
    /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_VdbeListing },
  { /* zName:     */ "vdbe_trace",
    /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
    /* ePragFlag: */ 0,

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  { /* zName:     */ "writable_schema",
    /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
    /* ePragFlag: */ 0,
    /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_RecoveryMode },
#endif
};
/* Number of pragmas: 56 on by default, 69 total. */
/* End of the automatically generated pragma table.
***************************************************************************/

/*
** Interpret the given string as a safety level.  Return 0 for OFF,
** 1 for ON or NORMAL and 2 for FULL.  Return 1 for an empty or 
** unrecognized string argument.  The FULL option is disallowed

                         ** .explain ON */
  char outfile[FILENAME_MAX]; /* Filename for *out */
  const char *zDbFilename;    /* name of the database file */
  char *zFreeOnClose;         /* Filename to free when closing */
  const char *zVfs;           /* Name of VFS to use */
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;   /* Current statement if any. */
  FILE *pLog;            /* Write log output here */
  int *aiIndent;         /* Array of indents used in MODE_Explain */
  int nIndent;           /* Size of array aiIndent[] */
};

/*
** These are the allowed modes.
*/
#define MODE_Line     0  /* One column per line.  Blank line between records */
#define MODE_Column   1  /* One record per line in neat columns */

      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
        int w;
        if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
           w = p->actualWidth[i];
        }else{
           w = 10;
        }
        if( p->mode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && strlen30(azArg[i])>w ){

          w = strlen30(azArg[i]);
        }
        if( i==1 && p->aiIndent && p->pStmt ){
          int iOp = sqlite3_column_int(p->pStmt, 0);
          if( iOp<p->nIndent ){
            fprintf(p->out, "%*.s", p->aiIndent[iOp], "");
          }
        }
        if( w<0 ){
          fprintf(p->out,"%*.*s%s",-w,-w,
              azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue, i==nArg-1 ? "\n": "  ");
        }else{
          fprintf(p->out,"%-*.*s%s",w,w,
              azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue, i==nArg-1 ? "\n": "  ");

    fprintf(pArg->out, "Autoindex Inserts:                   %d\n", iCur);
    iCur = sqlite3_stmt_status(pArg->pStmt, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP, bReset);
    fprintf(pArg->out, "Virtual Machine Steps:               %d\n", iCur);
  }

  return 0;
}

/*
** Parameter azArray points to a zero-terminated array of strings. zStr
** points to a single nul-terminated string. Return non-zero if zStr
** is equal, according to strcmp(), to any of the strings in the array.
** Otherwise, return zero.
*/
static int str_in_array(const char *zStr, const char **azArray){
  int i;
  for(i=0; azArray[i]; i++){
    if( 0==strcmp(zStr, azArray[i]) ) return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** If compiled statement pSql appears to be an EXPLAIN statement, allocate
** and populate the callback_data.aiIndent[] array with the number of
** spaces each opcode should be indented before it is output. 
**
** The indenting rules are:
**
**     * For each "Next", "Prev", "VNext" or "VPrev" instruction, indent
**       all opcodes that occur between the p2 jump destination and the opcode
**       itself by 2 spaces.
**
**     * For each "Goto", if the jump destination is a "Yield", "SeekGt",
**       or "SeekLt" instruction that occurs earlier in the program than
**       the Goto itself, indent all opcodes between the earlier instruction
**       and "Goto" by 2 spaces.
*/
static void explain_data_prepare(struct callback_data *p, sqlite3_stmt *pSql){
  const char *zSql;               /* The text of the SQL statement */
  const char *z;                  /* Used to check if this is an EXPLAIN */
  int *abYield = 0;               /* True if op is an OP_Yield */
  int nAlloc = 0;                 /* Allocated size of p->aiIndent[], abYield */
  int iOp;

  const char *azNext[] = { "Next", "Prev", "VPrev", "VNext", 0 };
  const char *azYield[] = { "Yield", "SeekLt", "SeekGt", 0 };
  const char *azGoto[] = { "Goto", 0 };

  /* Try to figure out if this is really an EXPLAIN statement. If this
  ** cannot be verified, return early.  */
  zSql = sqlite3_sql(pSql);
  if( zSql==0 ) return;
  for(z=zSql; *z==' ' || *z=='\t' || *z=='\n' || *z=='\f' || *z=='\r'; z++);
  if( sqlite3_strnicmp(z, "explain", 7) ) return;

  for(iOp=0; SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql); iOp++){
    int i;
    const char *zOp = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 1);
    int p2 = sqlite3_column_int(pSql, 3);

    /* Grow the p->aiIndent array as required */
    if( iOp>=nAlloc ){
      nAlloc += 100;
      p->aiIndent = (int*)sqlite3_realloc(p->aiIndent, nAlloc*sizeof(int));
      abYield = (int*)sqlite3_realloc(abYield, nAlloc*sizeof(int));
    }
    abYield[iOp] = str_in_array(zOp, azYield);
    p->aiIndent[iOp] = 0;
    p->nIndent = iOp+1;

    if( str_in_array(zOp, azNext) ){
      for(i=p2; i<iOp; i++) p->aiIndent[i] += 2;
    }
    if( str_in_array(zOp, azGoto) && p2<p->nIndent && abYield[p2] ){
      for(i=p2+1; i<iOp; i++) p->aiIndent[i] += 2;
    }
  }

  sqlite3_free(abYield);
  sqlite3_reset(pSql);
}

/*
** Free the array allocated by explain_data_prepare().
*/
static void explain_data_delete(struct callback_data *p){
  sqlite3_free(p->aiIndent);
  p->aiIndent = 0;
  p->nIndent = 0;
}

/*
** Execute a statement or set of statements.  Print 
** any result rows/columns depending on the current mode 
** set via the supplied callback.
**
** This is very similar to SQLite's built-in sqlite3_exec() 

      if( pArg && pArg->mode==MODE_Explain ){
        const char *zExplain = 0;
        sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT, pStmt, &zExplain);
        if( zExplain && zExplain[0] ){
          fprintf(pArg->out, "%s", zExplain);
        }
      }

      /* If the shell is currently in ".explain" mode, gather the extra
      ** data required to add indents to the output.*/
      if( pArg->mode==MODE_Explain ){
        explain_data_prepare(pArg, pStmt);
      }

      /* perform the first step.  this will tell us if we
      ** have a result set or not and how wide it is.
      */
      rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
      /* if we have a result set... */
      if( SQLITE_ROW == rc ){

          }
        }else{
          do{
            rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
          } while( rc == SQLITE_ROW );
        }
      }

      explain_data_delete(pArg);

      /* print usage stats if stats on */
      if( pArg && pArg->statsOn ){
        display_stats(db, pArg, 0);
      }

      /* Finalize the statement just executed. If this fails, save a 

#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
#define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00800000  /* True to enable triggers */
#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x01000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x02000000  /* Disable database changes */
#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x04000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */


/*
** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
** selectively disable various optimizations.
*/

}
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Print the value of a register for tracing purposes:
*/
static void memTracePrint(Mem *p){
  if( p->flags & MEM_Invalid ){
    printf(" undefined");
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
    printf(" NULL");
  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
    printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
    printf(" i:%lld", p->u.i);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
    printf(" r:%g", p->r);
#endif
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
    printf(" (rowset)");
  }else{
    char zBuf[200];
    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(p, zBuf);

    printf(" %s", zBuf);
  }
}
static void registerTrace(int iReg, Mem *p){
  printf("REG[%d] = ", iReg);
  memTracePrint(p);
  printf("\n");
}
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M) if(db->flags&SQLITE_VdbeTrace)registerTrace(R,M)
#else
#  define REGISTER_TRACE(R,M)
#endif


#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE

    }else{
      nProgressLimit %= (unsigned)db->nProgressOps;
    }
  }
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
  if( p->pc==0
   && (p->db->flags & (SQLITE_VdbeListing|SQLITE_VdbeEQP|SQLITE_VdbeTrace))!=0
  ){
    int i;
    int once = 1;
    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing ){
      printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &aOp[i]);
      }
    }
    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeEQP ){
      for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
        if( aOp[i].opcode==OP_Explain ){
          if( once ) printf("VDBE Query Plan:\n");
          printf("%s\n", aOp[i].p4.z);
          once = 0;
        }
      }
    }
    if( p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace )  printf("VDBE Trace:\n");
  }
  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
#endif
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
#endif
    nVmStep++;
    pOp = &aOp[pc];

    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){


      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, pc, pOp);


    }
#endif
      

    /* Check to see if we need to simulate an interrupt.  This only happens
    ** if we have a special test build.
    */

    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
    ** the evaluator loop.  So we can leave it out when NDEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifndef NDEBUG
    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace ){
      if( rc!=0 ) printf("rc=%d\n",rc);
      if( pOp->opflags & (OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE|OPFLG_OUT2) ){
        registerTrace(pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
      }
      if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3 ){
        registerTrace(pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
      }
    }
#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
#endif  /* NDEBUG */
  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */

  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished with

void sqlite3VdbeClearObject(sqlite3*,Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(Vdbe*,Parse*);
int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe*, int);
int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe*);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(Vdbe *, int);

#endif
void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeRewind(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe*,int);
int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);

#endif
  i64 iCurrentTime;       /* Value of julianday('now') for this statement */
  i64 nFkConstraint;      /* Number of imm. FK constraints this VM */
  i64 nStmtDefCons;       /* Number of def. constraints when stmt started */
  i64 nStmtDefImmCons;    /* Number of def. imm constraints when stmt started */
  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */



#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_TREE_EXPLAIN
  Explain *pExplain;      /* The explainer */
  char *zExplain;         /* Explanation of data structures */
#endif
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
  VdbeFrame *pDelFrame;   /* List of frame objects to free on VM reset */
  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */

  pB->pPrev = pTmp;
  zTmp = pA->zSql;
  pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
  pB->zSql = zTmp;
  pB->isPrepareV2 = pA->isPrepareV2;
}










/*
** Resize the Vdbe.aOp array so that it is at least one op larger than 
** it was.
**
** If an out-of-memory error occurs while resizing the array, return
** SQLITE_NOMEM. In this case Vdbe.aOp and Vdbe.nOpAlloc remain 
** unchanged (this is so that any opcodes already allocated can be 

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Print the SQL that was used to generate a VDBE program.
*/
void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe *p){
  const char *z = 0;
  if( p->zSql ){
    z = p->zSql;

  }else if( p->nOp>=1 ){
    const VdbeOp *pOp = &p->aOp[0];
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Trace && pOp->p4.z!=0 ){
      z = pOp->p4.z;
      while( sqlite3Isspace(*z) ) z++;

    }
  }
  if( z ) printf("SQL: [%s]\n", z);
}
#endif

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE)
/*
** Print an IOTRACE message showing SQL content.
*/

  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  int iLevel,                     /* Value for "level" column of output */
  int iFrom,                      /* Value for "from" column of output */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
){
#ifndef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( pParse->explain==2 )
#endif
  {
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* VM being constructed */
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;     /* Database handle */
    char *zMsg;                   /* Text to add to EQP output */
    int iId = pParse->iSelectId;  /* Select id (left-most output column) */
    int isSearch;                 /* True for a SEARCH. False for SCAN. */
    WhereLoop *pLoop;             /* The controlling WhereLoop object */

  }
  for(i=pWC->nTerm, pTerm=pWC->a; i>0; i--, pTerm++){
    if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) break;
    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)==0 ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & notAllowed)!=0 ) continue;
    for(j=pLoop->nLTerm-1; j>=0; j--){
      pX = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
      if( pX==0 ) continue;
      if( pX==pTerm ) break;
      if( pX->iParent>=0 && (&pWC->a[pX->iParent])==pTerm ) break;
    }
    if( j<0 ) pLoop->nOut += pTerm->truthProb;
  }
}

  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT a,b,c,d,'|' FROM t1 WHERE c BETWEEN 6 AND 7 ORDER BY a, b, c;
} {/* USING INDEX t1abc (ANY(a) AND ANY(b) AND c>? AND c<?)*/}
do_execsql_test skipscan1-1.6sort {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT a,b,c,d,'|' FROM t1 WHERE c BETWEEN 6 AND 7 ORDER BY a, b, c;
} {~/*ORDER BY*/}

do_execsql_test skipscan1-1.7 {
  SELECT a,b,c,d,'|' FROM t1 WHERE b IN (234, 345) AND c BETWEEN 6 AND 7
   ORDER BY a, b;
} {abc 234 6 7 | abc 345 7 8 |}
do_execsql_test skipscan1-1.7eqp {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT a,b,c,d,'|' FROM t1 WHERE b IN (234, 345) AND c BETWEEN 6 AND 7
   ORDER BY a, b;
} {/* USING INDEX t1abc (ANY(a) AND b=? AND c>? AND c<?)*/}
do_execsql_test skipscan1-1.7sort {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT a,b,c,d,'|' FROM t1 WHERE b IN (234, 345) AND c BETWEEN 6 AND 7
   ORDER BY a, b;
} {~/*ORDER BY*/}


# Joins
#
do_execsql_test skipscan1-1.51 {
  CREATE TABLE t1j(x TEXT, y INTEGER);
  INSERT INTO t1j VALUES('one',1),('six',6),('ninty-nine',99);

  ARG:  SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace
  IF:   !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  IF:   defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)

  NAME: vdbe_debug
  TYPE: FLAG
  ARG:  SQLITE_SqlTrace|SQLITE_VdbeListing|SQLITE_VdbeTrace
  IF:   !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  IF:   defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)

  NAME: vdbe_eqp
  TYPE: FLAG
  ARG:  SQLITE_VdbeEQP
  IF:   !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  IF:   defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)

  NAME: ignore_check_constraints
  TYPE: FLAG
  ARG:  SQLITE_IgnoreChecks
  IF:   !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)