SQLite

3.8.5

#! /bin/sh
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62 for sqlite 3.8.5.
#
# Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
# 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
## --------------------- ##
## M4sh Initialization.  ##

MFLAGS=
MAKEFLAGS=
SHELL=${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh}

# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='sqlite'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='sqlite'
PACKAGE_VERSION='3.8.5'
PACKAGE_STRING='sqlite 3.8.5'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT=''

# Factoring default headers for most tests.
ac_includes_default="\
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H
# include <sys/types.h>

#
# Report the --help message.
#
if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
  # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
  # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
  cat <<_ACEOF
\`configure' configures sqlite 3.8.5 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
_ACEOF
fi

if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
  case $ac_init_help in
     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of sqlite 3.8.5:";;
   esac
  cat <<\_ACEOF

Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

    cd "$ac_pwd" || { ac_status=$?; break; }
  done
fi

test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
  cat <<\_ACEOF
sqlite configure 3.8.5
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62

Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
_ACEOF
  exit
fi
cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

It was created by sqlite $as_me 3.8.5, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62.  Invocation command line was

  $ $0 $@

_ACEOF
exec 5>>config.log
{

exec 6>&1

# Save the log message, to keep $[0] and so on meaningful, and to
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
This file was extended by sqlite $as_me 3.8.5, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62.  Invocation command line was

  CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
  CONFIG_HEADERS  = $CONFIG_HEADERS
  CONFIG_LINKS    = $CONFIG_LINKS
  CONFIG_COMMANDS = $CONFIG_COMMANDS
  $ $0 $@

$config_commands

Report bugs to <bug-autoconf@gnu.org>."

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_version="\\
sqlite config.status 3.8.5
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.62,
  with options \\"`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`\\"

Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This config.status script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it."

    rc = fts3CreateTables(p);
  }

  /* Check to see if a legacy fts3 table has been "upgraded" by the
  ** addition of a %_stat table so that it can use incremental merge.
  */
  if( !isFts4 && !isCreate ){



    p->bHasStat = 2;
  }

  /* Figure out the page-size for the database. This is required in order to
  ** estimate the cost of loading large doclists from the database.  */
  fts3DatabasePageSize(&rc, p);
  p->nNodeSize = p->nPgsz-35;

    if( A>(int)nMinMerge ) rc = sqlite3Fts3Incrmerge(p, A, 8);
  }
  sqlite3Fts3SegmentsClose(p);
  return rc;
}

/*
** If it is currently unknown whether or not the FTS table has an %_stat
** table (if p->bHasStat==2), attempt to determine this (set p->bHasStat
** to 0 or 1). Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error code
** if an error occurs.
*/
static int fts3SetHasStat(Fts3Table *p){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  if( p->bHasStat==2 ){
    const char *zFmt ="SELECT 1 FROM %Q.sqlite_master WHERE tbl_name='%q_stat'";
    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(zFmt, p->zDb, p->zName);
    if( zSql ){
      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        int bHasStat = (sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW);
        rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) p->bHasStat = bHasStat;
      }
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Implementation of xBegin() method. 
*/
static int fts3BeginMethod(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pVtab;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVtab);
  assert( p->pSegments==0 );
  assert( p->nPendingData==0 );
  assert( p->inTransaction!=1 );
  TESTONLY( p->inTransaction = 1 );
  TESTONLY( p->mxSavepoint = -1; );
  p->nLeafAdd = 0;
  return fts3SetHasStat(p);
}

/*
** Implementation of xCommit() method. This is a no-op. The contents of
** the pending-terms hash-table have already been flushed into the database
** by fts3SyncMethod().
*/

  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
  const char *zName               /* New name of table */
){
  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVtab;
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;            /* Database connection */
  int rc;                         /* Return Code */

  /* At this point it must be known if the %_stat table exists or not.
  ** So bHasStat may not be 2.  */
  rc = fts3SetHasStat(p);
  
  /* As it happens, the pending terms table is always empty here. This is
  ** because an "ALTER TABLE RENAME TABLE" statement inside a transaction 
  ** always opens a savepoint transaction. And the xSavepoint() method 
  ** flushes the pending terms table. But leave the (no-op) call to
  ** PendingTermsFlush() in in case that changes.
  */
  assert( p->nPendingData==0 );
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3Fts3PendingTermsFlush(p);
  }

  if( p->zContentTbl==0 ){
    fts3DbExec(&rc, db,
      "ALTER TABLE %Q.'%q_content'  RENAME TO '%q_content';",
      p->zDb, p->zName, zName
    );
  }

  sqlite3_stmt *aStmt[37];

  char *zReadExprlist;
  char *zWriteExprlist;

  int nNodeSize;                  /* Soft limit for node size */
  u8 bFts4;                       /* True for FTS4, false for FTS3 */
  u8 bHasStat;                    /* True if %_stat table exists (2==unknown) */
  u8 bHasDocsize;                 /* True if %_docsize table exists */
  u8 bDescIdx;                    /* True if doclists are in reverse order */
  u8 bIgnoreSavepoint;            /* True to ignore xSavepoint invocations */
  int nPgsz;                      /* Page size for host database */
  char *zSegmentsTbl;             /* Name of %_segments table */
  sqlite3_blob *pSegments;        /* Blob handle open on %_segments table */

  Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table *)pVtab;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
  int isRemove = 0;               /* True for an UPDATE or DELETE */
  u32 *aSzIns = 0;                /* Sizes of inserted documents */
  u32 *aSzDel = 0;                /* Sizes of deleted documents */
  int nChng = 0;                  /* Net change in number of documents */
  int bInsertDone = 0;

  /* At this point it must be known if the %_stat table exists or not.
  ** So bHasStat may not be 2.  */
  assert( p->bHasStat==0 || p->bHasStat==1 );

  assert( p->pSegments==0 );
  assert( 
      nArg==1                     /* DELETE operations */
   || nArg==(2 + p->nColumn + 3)  /* INSERT or UPDATE operations */
  );

/*
** This function populates the pRtree->nRowEst variable with an estimate
** of the number of rows in the virtual table. If possible, this is based
** on sqlite_stat1 data. Otherwise, use RTREE_DEFAULT_ROWEST.
*/
static int rtreeQueryStat1(sqlite3 *db, Rtree *pRtree){
  const char *zFmt = "SELECT stat FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl = '%q_rowid'";
  char *zSql;
  sqlite3_stmt *p;
  int rc;
  i64 nRow = 0;

  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(zFmt, pRtree->zDb, pRtree->zName);
  if( zSql==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &p, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){

      if( sqlite3_step(p)==SQLITE_ROW ) nRow = sqlite3_column_int64(p, 0);
      rc = sqlite3_finalize(p);
    }else if( rc!=SQLITE_NOMEM ){
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( nRow==0 ){
        pRtree->nRowEst = RTREE_DEFAULT_ROWEST;
      }else{
        pRtree->nRowEst = MAX(nRow, RTREE_MIN_ROWEST);
      }
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }

  return rc;
}

static sqlite3_module rtreeModule = {
  0,                          /* iVersion */

      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab *)pRtree;
  }else{
    assert( *ppVtab==0 );
    assert( pRtree->nBusy==1 );
    rtreeRelease(pRtree);
  }
  return rc;
}


/*

do_execsql_test 4.2 {
  SELECT a, b FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON (+a = +b);
} {1 1 2 {}}

do_execsql_test 4.3 {
  SELECT b, a FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON (+a = +b);
} {1 1 3 {}}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that the sqlite_stat1 data is used correctly.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 5.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x PRIMARY KEY, y);
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt USING rtree(id, x1, x2);

  INSERT INTO t1(x) VALUES(1);
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+1 FROM t1;   --   2
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+2 FROM t1;   --   4
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+4 FROM t1;   --   8
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+8 FROM t1;   --  16
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+16 FROM t1;  --  32
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+32 FROM t1;  --  64
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+64 FROM t1;  -- 128
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+128 FROM t1; -- 256
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+256 FROM t1; -- 512
  INSERT INTO t1(x) SELECT x+512 FROM t1; --1024

  INSERT INTO rt SELECT x, x, x+1 FROM t1 WHERE x<=5;
}

# First test a query with no ANALYZE data at all. The outer loop is
# real table "t1".
#
do_eqp_test 5.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 
  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 1:}
}

# Now create enough ANALYZE data to tell SQLite that virtual table "rt"
# contains very few rows. This causes it to move "rt" to the outer loop.
#
do_execsql_test 5.3 {
  ANALYZE;
  DELETE FROM sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl='t1';
}
db close
sqlite3 db test.db
do_eqp_test 5.4 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  0 0 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:} 
  0 1 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t1_1 (x=?)}
}

# Delete the ANALYZE data. "t1" should be the outer loop again.
#
do_execsql_test 5.5 { DROP TABLE sqlite_stat1; }
db close
sqlite3 db test.db
do_eqp_test 5.6 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 
  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 1:}
}

# This time create and attach a database that contains ANALYZE data for
# tables of the same names as those used internally by virtual table
# "rt". Check that the rtree module is not fooled into using this data.
# Table "t1" should remain the outer loop.
#
do_test 5.7 {
  db backup test.db2
  sqlite3 db2 test.db2
  db2 eval {
    ANALYZE;
    DELETE FROM sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl='t1';
  }
  db2 close
  db close
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql { ATTACH 'test.db2' AS aux; }
} {}
do_eqp_test 5.8 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 
  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 1:}
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that having a second connection drop the sqlite_stat1 table
# before it is required by rtreeConnect() does not cause problems.
#
ifcapable rtree {
  reset_db
  do_execsql_test 6.1 {
    CREATE TABLE t1(x);
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt USING rtree(id, x1, x2);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
    INSERT INTO rt VALUES(1,2,3);
    ANALYZE;
  }
  db close
  sqlite3 db test.db
  do_execsql_test 6.2 { SELECT * FROM t1 } {1}
  
  do_test 6.3 {
    sqlite3 db2 test.db
    db2 eval { DROP TABLE sqlite_stat1 }
    db2 close
    execsql { SELECT * FROM rt }
  } {1 2.0 3.0}
  db close
}


finish_test

/*
** Determine whether or not a cursor has moved from the position it
** was last placed at.  Cursors can move when the row they are pointing
** at is deleted out from under them.
**
** This routine returns an error code if something goes wrong.  The
** integer *pHasMoved is set as follows:
**
**    0:   The cursor is unchanged
**    1:   The cursor is still pointing at the same row, but the pointers
**         returned by sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch() or sqlite3BtreeDataFetch()
**         might now be invalid because of a balance() or other change to the
**         b-tree.
**    2:   The cursor is no longer pointing to the row.  The row might have
**         been deleted out from under the cursor.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(BtCursor *pCur, int *pHasMoved){
  int rc;

  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID ){
    *pHasMoved = 0;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
  if( rc ){
    *pHasMoved = 2;
    return rc;
  }
  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID || NEVER(pCur->skipNext!=0) ){
    *pHasMoved = 2;
  }else{
    *pHasMoved = 1;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
/*
** Given a page number of a regular database page, return the page

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
  sqlite3PagerSetCachesize(pBt->pPager, mxPage);
  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

#if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
/*
** Change the limit on the amount of the database file that may be
** memory mapped.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeSetMmapLimit(Btree *p, sqlite3_int64 szMmap){
  BtShared *pBt = p->pBt;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
  sqlite3PagerSetMmapLimit(pBt->pPager, szMmap);
  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0 */

/*
** Change the way data is synced to disk in order to increase or decrease
** how well the database resists damage due to OS crashes and power
** failures.  Level 1 is the same as asynchronous (no syncs() occur and
** there is a high probability of damage)  Level 2 is the default.  There
** is a very low but non-zero probability of damage.  Level 3 reduces the

  u32 *pAmt            /* Write the number of available bytes here */
){
  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage]<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
  assert( pCur->info.nSize>0 );
#if 0
  if( pCur->info.nSize==0 ){
    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage], pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage],
                   &pCur->info);
  }
#endif
  *pAmt = pCur->info.nLocal;
  return (void*)(pCur->info.pCell + pCur->info.nHeader);
}


/*
** For the entry that cursor pCur is point to, return as

      *pRes = -1;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

  if( pIdxKey ){
    xRecordCompare = sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(pIdxKey);
    pIdxKey->isCorrupt = 0;
    assert( pIdxKey->default_rc==1 
         || pIdxKey->default_rc==0 
         || pIdxKey->default_rc==-1
    );
  }else{
    xRecordCompare = 0; /* All keys are integers */
  }

          if( rc ){
            sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
            goto moveto_finish;
          }
          c = xRecordCompare(nCell, pCellKey, pIdxKey, 0);
          sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
        }
        assert( pIdxKey->isCorrupt==0 || c==0 );
        if( c<0 ){
          lwr = idx+1;
        }else if( c>0 ){
          upr = idx-1;
        }else{
          assert( c==0 );
          *pRes = 0;
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
          pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)idx;
          if( pIdxKey->isCorrupt ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
          goto moveto_finish;
        }
        if( lwr>upr ) break;
        assert( lwr+upr>=0 );
        idx = (lwr+upr)>>1;  /* idx = (lwr+upr)/2 */
      }
    }

    ** a no-op).  */
    invalidateIncrblobCursors(p, 0, 1);
    rc = clearDatabasePage(pBt, (Pgno)iTable, 0, pnChange);
  }
  sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Delete all information from the single table that pCur is open on.
**
** This routine only work for pCur on an ephemeral table.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeClearTableOfCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
  return sqlite3BtreeClearTable(pCur->pBtree, pCur->pgnoRoot, 0);
}

/*
** Erase all information in a table and add the root of the table to
** the freelist.  Except, the root of the principle table (the one on
** page 1) is never added to the freelist.
**
** This routine will fail with SQLITE_LOCKED if there are any open

#define BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL  1  /* Do not create or use a rollback journal */
#define BTREE_MEMORY        2  /* This is an in-memory DB */
#define BTREE_SINGLE        4  /* The file contains at most 1 b-tree */
#define BTREE_UNORDERED     8  /* Use of a hash implementation is OK */

int sqlite3BtreeClose(Btree*);
int sqlite3BtreeSetCacheSize(Btree*,int);
#if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
  int sqlite3BtreeSetMmapLimit(Btree*,sqlite3_int64);
#endif
int sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(Btree*,unsigned);
int sqlite3BtreeSyncDisabled(Btree*);
int sqlite3BtreeSetPageSize(Btree *p, int nPagesize, int nReserve, int eFix);
int sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(Btree*);
int sqlite3BtreeMaxPageCount(Btree*,int);
u32 sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree*);
int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree*,int);

** indices.)
*/
#define BTREE_INTKEY     1    /* Table has only 64-bit signed integer keys */
#define BTREE_BLOBKEY    2    /* Table has keys only - no data */

int sqlite3BtreeDropTable(Btree*, int, int*);
int sqlite3BtreeClearTable(Btree*, int, int*);
int sqlite3BtreeClearTableOfCursor(BtCursor*);
void sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(Btree*, int);

void sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(Btree *pBtree, int idx, u32 *pValue);
int sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(Btree*, int idx, u32 value);

int sqlite3BtreeNewDb(Btree *p);

** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a;
** SELECT a AS b FROM t1 WHERE b;
** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (select a from t1);
*/
char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
  int op;
  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
  if( pExpr->flags & EP_Generic ) return SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( pExpr->flags&EP_xIsSelect );
    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
  if( op==TK_CAST ){

** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating
** sequence named by pToken.   Return a pointer to a new Expr node that
** implements the COLLATE operator.
**
** If a memory allocation error occurs, that fact is recorded in pParse->db
** and the pExpr parameter is returned unchanged.
*/
Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(
  Parse *pParse,           /* Parsing context */
  Expr *pExpr,             /* Add the "COLLATE" clause to this expression */
  const Token *pCollName   /* Name of collating sequence */
){
  if( pCollName->n>0 ){
    Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_COLLATE, pCollName, 1);
    if( pNew ){
      pNew->pLeft = pExpr;
      pNew->flags |= EP_Collate|EP_Skip;
      pExpr = pNew;
    }

*/
CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( p ){
    int op = p->op;
    if( p->flags & EP_Generic ) break;
    if( op==TK_CAST || op==TK_UPLUS ){
      p = p->pLeft;
      continue;
    }
    if( op==TK_COLLATE || (op==TK_REGISTER && p->op2==TK_COLLATE) ){
      pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), 0, p->u.zToken);
      break;

ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *p, int flags){
  ExprList *pNew;
  struct ExprList_item *pItem, *pOldItem;
  int i;
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pNew) );
  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;

  pNew->nExpr = i = p->nExpr;
  if( (flags & EXPRDUP_REDUCE)==0 ) for(i=1; i<p->nExpr; i+=i){}
  pNew->a = pItem = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db,  i*sizeof(p->a[0]) );
  if( pItem==0 ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pNew);
    return 0;
  } 

  pNew->pLimit = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLimit, flags);
  pNew->pOffset = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pOffset, flags);
  pNew->iLimit = 0;
  pNew->iOffset = 0;
  pNew->selFlags = p->selFlags & ~SF_UsesEphemeral;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;

  pNew->nSelectRow = p->nSelectRow;
  pNew->pWith = withDup(db, p->pWith);
  return pNew;
}
#else
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int flags){
  assert( p==0 );

    u32 savedNQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
    int rMayHaveNull = 0;
    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
    if( prNotFound ){
      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, *prNotFound);
    }else{

      pParse->nQueryLoop = 0;
      if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
      }
    }
    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX, rMayHaveNull, eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID);
    pParse->nQueryLoop = savedNQueryLoop;

** Generate code to move content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1. Keep the column cache up-to-date.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){
  int i;
  struct yColCache *p;
  assert( iFrom>=iTo+nReg || iFrom+nReg<=iTo );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo, nReg);
  for(i=0, p=pParse->aColCache; i<SQLITE_N_COLCACHE; i++, p++){
    int x = p->iReg;
    if( x>=iFrom && x<iFrom+nReg ){
      p->iReg += iTo-iFrom;
    }
  }
}

            testcase( pDef->funcFlags & OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 = 
                  pDef->funcFlags & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
          }
        }

        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);     /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pFarg, r1,
                                SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);   /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
      }else{
        r1 = 0;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is

      HashElem *p;
      for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
        Table *pTab = (Table *)sqliteHashData(p);
        if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) sqlite3VtabDisconnect(db, pTab);
      }
    }
  }
  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
#endif
}

/*

  /* Round nByte up to the next valid power of two */
  for(iFullSz=mem5.szAtom, iLogsize=0; iFullSz<nByte; iFullSz *= 2, iLogsize++){}

  /* Make sure mem5.aiFreelist[iLogsize] contains at least one free
  ** block.  If not, then split a block of the next larger power of
  ** two in order to create a new free block of size iLogsize.
  */
  for(iBin=iLogsize; iBin<=LOGMAX && mem5.aiFreelist[iBin]<0; iBin++){}
  if( iBin>LOGMAX ){
    testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_NOMEM, "failed to allocate %u bytes", nByte);
    return 0;
  }
  i = mem5.aiFreelist[iBin];
  memsys5Unlink(i, iBin);

*/
static int posixFchown(int fd, uid_t uid, gid_t gid){
  return geteuid() ? 0 : fchown(fd,uid,gid);
}

/* Forward reference */
static int openDirectory(const char*, int*);
static int unixGetpagesize(void);

/*
** Many system calls are accessed through pointer-to-functions so that
** they may be overridden at runtime to facilitate fault injection during
** testing and sandboxing.  The following array holds the names and pointers
** to all overrideable system calls.
*/

#if HAVE_MREMAP
  { "mremap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)mremap,          0 },
#else
  { "mremap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0 },
#endif
#define osMremap ((void*(*)(void*,size_t,size_t,int,...))aSyscall[23].pCurrent)
#endif

  { "getpagesize",  (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)unixGetpagesize, 0 },
#define osGetpagesize ((int(*)(void))aSyscall[24].pCurrent)

}; /* End of the overrideable system calls */

/*
** This is the xSetSystemCall() method of sqlite3_vfs for all of the
** "unix" VFSes.  Return SQLITE_OK opon successfully updating the
** system call pointer, or SQLITE_NOTFOUND if there is no configurable

           pShmNode->sharedMask, pShmNode->exclMask));
  }
#endif

  return rc;        
}

/*
** Return the system page size.
**
** This function should not be called directly by other code in this file. 
** Instead, it should be called via macro osGetpagesize().
*/
static int unixGetpagesize(void){
#if defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
  return getpagesize();
#else
  return (int)sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
#endif
}

/*
** Return the minimum number of 32KB shm regions that should be mapped at
** a time, assuming that each mapping must be an integer multiple of the
** current system page-size.
**
** Usually, this is 1. The exception seems to be systems that are configured
** to use 64KB pages - in this case each mapping must cover at least two
** shm regions.
*/
static int unixShmRegionPerMap(void){
  int shmsz = 32*1024;            /* SHM region size */
  int pgsz = osGetpagesize();   /* System page size */
  assert( ((pgsz-1)&pgsz)==0 );   /* Page size must be a power of 2 */
  if( pgsz<shmsz ) return 1;
  return pgsz/shmsz;
}

/*
** Purge the unixShmNodeList list of all entries with unixShmNode.nRef==0.
**
** This is not a VFS shared-memory method; it is a utility function called
** by VFS shared-memory methods.
*/
static void unixShmPurge(unixFile *pFd){
  unixShmNode *p = pFd->pInode->pShmNode;
  assert( unixMutexHeld() );
  if( p && p->nRef==0 ){
    int nShmPerMap = unixShmRegionPerMap();
    int i;
    assert( p->pInode==pFd->pInode );
    sqlite3_mutex_free(p->mutex);
    for(i=0; i<p->nRegion; i+=nShmPerMap){
      if( p->h>=0 ){
        osMunmap(p->apRegion[i], p->szRegion);
      }else{
        sqlite3_free(p->apRegion[i]);
      }
    }
    sqlite3_free(p->apRegion);

  int bExtend,                    /* True to extend file if necessary */
  void volatile **pp              /* OUT: Mapped memory */
){
  unixFile *pDbFd = (unixFile*)fd;
  unixShm *p;
  unixShmNode *pShmNode;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int nShmPerMap = unixShmRegionPerMap();
  int nReqRegion;

  /* If the shared-memory file has not yet been opened, open it now. */
  if( pDbFd->pShm==0 ){
    rc = unixOpenSharedMemory(pDbFd);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
  }

  p = pDbFd->pShm;
  pShmNode = p->pShmNode;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
  assert( szRegion==pShmNode->szRegion || pShmNode->nRegion==0 );
  assert( pShmNode->pInode==pDbFd->pInode );
  assert( pShmNode->h>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
  assert( pShmNode->h<0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==0 );

  /* Minimum number of regions required to be mapped. */
  nReqRegion = ((iRegion+nShmPerMap) / nShmPerMap) * nShmPerMap;

  if( pShmNode->nRegion<nReqRegion ){
    char **apNew;                      /* New apRegion[] array */
    int nByte = nReqRegion*szRegion;   /* Minimum required file size */
    struct stat sStat;                 /* Used by fstat() */

    pShmNode->szRegion = szRegion;

    if( pShmNode->h>=0 ){
      /* The requested region is not mapped into this processes address space.
      ** Check to see if it has been allocated (i.e. if the wal-index file is

          }
        }
      }
    }

    /* Map the requested memory region into this processes address space. */
    apNew = (char **)sqlite3_realloc(
        pShmNode->apRegion, nReqRegion*sizeof(char *)
    );
    if( !apNew ){
      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM;
      goto shmpage_out;
    }
    pShmNode->apRegion = apNew;
    while( pShmNode->nRegion<nReqRegion ){
      int nMap = szRegion*nShmPerMap;
      int i;
      void *pMem;
      if( pShmNode->h>=0 ){
        pMem = osMmap(0, nMap,
            pShmNode->isReadonly ? PROT_READ : PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, 
            MAP_SHARED, pShmNode->h, szRegion*(i64)pShmNode->nRegion
        );
        if( pMem==MAP_FAILED ){
          rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP, "mmap", pShmNode->zFilename);
          goto shmpage_out;
        }
      }else{
        pMem = sqlite3_malloc(szRegion);
        if( pMem==0 ){
          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
          goto shmpage_out;
        }
        memset(pMem, 0, szRegion);
      }

      for(i=0; i<nShmPerMap; i++){
        pShmNode->apRegion[pShmNode->nRegion+i] = &((char*)pMem)[szRegion*i];
      }
      pShmNode->nRegion += nShmPerMap;
    }
  }

shmpage_out:
  if( pShmNode->nRegion>iRegion ){
    *pp = pShmNode->apRegion[iRegion];
  }else{

    osMunmap(pFd->pMapRegion, pFd->mmapSizeActual);
    pFd->pMapRegion = 0;
    pFd->mmapSize = 0;
    pFd->mmapSizeActual = 0;
  }
}














/*
** Attempt to set the size of the memory mapping maintained by file 
** descriptor pFd to nNew bytes. Any existing mapping is discarded.
**
** If successful, this function sets the following variables:
**
**       unixFile.pMapRegion

  assert( nNew>0 );
  assert( pFd->mmapSizeActual>=pFd->mmapSize );
  assert( MAP_FAILED!=0 );

  if( (pFd->ctrlFlags & UNIXFILE_RDONLY)==0 ) flags |= PROT_WRITE;

  if( pOrig ){
#if HAVE_MREMAP
    i64 nReuse = pFd->mmapSize;
#else
    const int szSyspage = osGetpagesize();
    i64 nReuse = (pFd->mmapSize & ~(szSyspage-1));
#endif
    u8 *pReq = &pOrig[nReuse];

    /* Unmap any pages of the existing mapping that cannot be reused. */
    if( nReuse!=nOrig ){
      osMunmap(pReq, nOrig-nReuse);
    }

    UNIXVFS("unix-proxy",    proxyIoFinder ),
#endif
  };
  unsigned int i;          /* Loop counter */

  /* Double-check that the aSyscall[] array has been constructed
  ** correctly.  See ticket [bb3a86e890c8e96ab] */
  assert( ArraySize(aSyscall)==25 );

  /* Register all VFSes defined in the aVfs[] array */
  for(i=0; i<(sizeof(aVfs)/sizeof(sqlite3_vfs)); i++){
    sqlite3_vfs_register(&aVfs[i], i==0);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK; 
}

      **      expr1 NOT IN ()
      **
      ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
      ** regardless of the value of expr1.
      */
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_INTEGER, 0, 0, &sqlite3IntTokens[N]);
      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, X.pExpr);
    }else if( Y->nExpr==1 ){
      /* Expressions of the form:
      **
      **      expr1 IN (?1)
      **      expr1 NOT IN (?2)
      **
      ** with exactly one value on the RHS can be simplified to something
      ** like this:
      **
      **      expr1 == ?1
      **      expr1 <> ?2
      **
      ** But, the RHS of the == or <> is marked with the EP_Generic flag
      ** so that it may not contribute to the computation of comparison
      ** affinity or the collating sequence to use for comparison.  Otherwise,
      ** the semantics would be subtly different from IN or NOT IN.
      */
      Expr *pRHS = Y->a[0].pExpr;
      Y->a[0].pExpr = 0;
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
      /* pRHS cannot be NULL because a malloc error would have been detected
      ** before now and control would have never reached this point */
      if( ALWAYS(pRHS) ){
        pRHS->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
        pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
      }
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, N ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, X.pExpr, pRHS, 0);
    }else{
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
      if( A.pExpr ){
        A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
        sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);

      /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)i);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2); VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zName),
         P4_DYNAMIC);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, 2, 4, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 2);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 2, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);

      /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
      */
      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x && !isQuick; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){

  d = digit;
  digit += '0';
  *val = (*val - d)*10.0;
  return (char)digit;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */















/*
** Set the StrAccum object to an error mode.
*/
static void setStrAccumError(StrAccum *p, u8 eError){
  p->accError = eError;
  p->nAlloc = 0;
}

    }
    useIntern = bFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;
  }else{
    bArgList = useIntern = 0;
  }
  for(; (c=(*fmt))!=0; ++fmt){
    if( c!='%' ){

      bufpt = (char *)fmt;

      while( (c=(*++fmt))!='%' && c!=0 ){};
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, bufpt, (int)(fmt - bufpt));
      if( c==0 ) break;
    }
    if( (c=(*++fmt))==0 ){
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, "%", 1);
      break;
    }
    /* Find out what flags are present */

          if( x>=4 || (longvalue/10)%10==1 ){
            x = 0;
          }
          *(--bufpt) = zOrd[x*2+1];
          *(--bufpt) = zOrd[x*2];
        }
        {


          const char *cset = &aDigits[infop->charset];
          u8 base = infop->base;
          do{                                           /* Convert to ascii */
            *(--bufpt) = cset[longvalue%base];
            longvalue = longvalue/base;
          }while( longvalue>0 );
        }
        length = (int)(&zOut[nOut-1]-bufpt);
        for(idx=precision-length; idx>0; idx--){

      }
    }/* End switch over the format type */
    /*
    ** The text of the conversion is pointed to by "bufpt" and is
    ** "length" characters long.  The field width is "width".  Do
    ** the output.
    */


    width -= length;

    if( width>0 && !flag_leftjustify ) sqlite3AppendSpace(pAccum, width);



    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, bufpt, length);





    if( width>0 && flag_leftjustify ) sqlite3AppendSpace(pAccum, width);


    if( zExtra ) sqlite3_free(zExtra);
  }/* End for loop over the format string */
} /* End of function */

/*
** Enlarge the memory allocation on a StrAccum object so that it is
** able to accept at least N more bytes of text.
**
** Return the number of bytes of text that StrAccum is able to accept
** after the attempted enlargement.  The value returned might be zero.
*/
static int sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(StrAccum *p, int N){
  char *zNew;
  assert( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc ); /* Only called if really needed */
  if( p->accError ){
    testcase(p->accError==STRACCUM_TOOBIG);
    testcase(p->accError==STRACCUM_NOMEM);
    return 0;
  }
  if( !p->useMalloc ){
    N = p->nAlloc - p->nChar - 1;
    setStrAccumError(p, STRACCUM_TOOBIG);
    return N;
  }else{
    char *zOld = (p->zText==p->zBase ? 0 : p->zText);
    i64 szNew = p->nChar;
    szNew += N + 1;
    if( szNew > p->mxAlloc ){
      sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
      setStrAccumError(p, STRACCUM_TOOBIG);
      return 0;
    }else{
      p->nAlloc = (int)szNew;
    }
    if( p->useMalloc==1 ){
      zNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(p->db, zOld, p->nAlloc);
    }else{
      zNew = sqlite3_realloc(zOld, p->nAlloc);
    }
    if( zNew ){
      if( zOld==0 && p->nChar>0 ) memcpy(zNew, p->zText, p->nChar);
      p->zText = zNew;
    }else{
      sqlite3StrAccumReset(p);
      setStrAccumError(p, STRACCUM_NOMEM);
      return 0;
    }
  }
  return N;
}

/*
** Append N space characters to the given string buffer.
*/
void sqlite3AppendSpace(StrAccum *p, int N){
  if( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc && (N = sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(p, N))<=0 ) return;
  while( (N--)>0 ) p->zText[p->nChar++] = ' ';
}

/*
** The StrAccum "p" is not large enough to accept N new bytes of z[].
** So enlarge if first, then do the append.
**
** This is a helper routine to sqlite3StrAccumAppend() that does special-case
** work (enlarging the buffer) using tail recursion, so that the
** sqlite3StrAccumAppend() routine can use fast calling semantics.
*/
static void enlargeAndAppend(StrAccum *p, const char *z, int N){
  N = sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(p, N);
  if( N>0 ){
    memcpy(&p->zText[p->nChar], z, N);
    p->nChar += N;
  }
}

/*
** Append N bytes of text from z to the StrAccum object.  Increase the
** size of the memory allocation for StrAccum if necessary.
*/
void sqlite3StrAccumAppend(StrAccum *p, const char *z, int N){
  assert( z!=0 );
  assert( p->zText!=0 || p->nChar==0 || p->accError );
  assert( N>=0 );
  assert( p->accError==0 || p->nAlloc==0 );
  if( p->nChar+N >= p->nAlloc ){
    enlargeAndAppend(p,z,N);



    return;
































  }
  assert( p->zText );
  memcpy(&p->zText[p->nChar], z, N);
  p->nChar += N;
}

/*

**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** An instance of the following object is used to record information about
** how to process the DISTINCT keyword, to simplify passing that information
** into the selectInnerLoop() routine.
*/
typedef struct DistinctCtx DistinctCtx;
struct DistinctCtx {
  u8 isTnct;      /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
  u8 eTnctType;   /* One of the WHERE_DISTINCT_* operators */
  int tabTnct;    /* Ephemeral table used for DISTINCT processing */
  int addrTnct;   /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcode for tabTnct */
};

/*
** An instance of the following object is used to record information about
** the ORDER BY (or GROUP BY) clause of query is being coded.
*/
typedef struct SortCtx SortCtx;
struct SortCtx {
  ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY (or GROUP BY clause) */
  int nOBSat;           /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
  int iECursor;         /* Cursor number for the sorter */
  int regReturn;        /* Register holding block-output return address */
  int labelBkOut;       /* Start label for the block-output subroutine */
  int addrSortIndex;    /* Address of the OP_SorterOpen or OP_OpenEphemeral */
  u8 sortFlags;         /* Zero or more SORTFLAG_* bits */
};
#define SORTFLAG_UseSorter  0x01   /* Use SorterOpen instead of OpenEphemeral */

/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
** the select structure itself.
*/
static void clearSelect(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pEList);

  pNew->selFlags = selFlags;
  pNew->op = TK_SELECT;
  pNew->pLimit = pLimit;
  pNew->pOffset = pOffset;
  assert( pOffset==0 || pLimit!=0 );
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;

  if( db->mallocFailed ) {
    clearSelect(db, pNew);
    if( pNew!=&standin ) sqlite3DbFree(db, pNew);
    pNew = 0;
  }else{
    assert( pNew->pSrc!=0 || pParse->nErr>0 );
  }

                     isOuter, &p->pWhere);
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Forward reference */
static KeyInfo *keyInfoFromExprList(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,     /* Form the KeyInfo object from this ExprList */
  int iStart,          /* Begin with this column of pList */
  int nExtra           /* Add this many extra columns to the end */
);

/*
** Insert code into "v" that will push the record in register regData
** into the sorter.
*/
static void pushOntoSorter(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
  SortCtx *pSort,        /* Information about the ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
  int regData            /* Register holding data to be sorted */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;
  int regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nExpr+2);
  int regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;
  int op;
  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, 0);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
  sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+1, 1);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase+nOBSat, nExpr+2-nOBSat, regRecord);
  if( nOBSat>0 ){
    int regPrevKey;   /* The first nOBSat columns of the previous row */
    int addrFirst;    /* Address of the OP_IfNot opcode */
    int addrJmp;      /* Address of the OP_Jump opcode */
    VdbeOp *pOp;      /* Opcode that opens the sorter */
    int nKey;         /* Number of sorting key columns, including OP_Sequence */
    KeyInfo *pKI;     /* Original KeyInfo on the sorter table */

    regPrevKey = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += pSort->nOBSat;
    nKey = nExpr - pSort->nOBSat + 1;
    addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regBase+nExpr); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regPrevKey, regBase, pSort->nOBSat);
    pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pSort->addrSortIndex);
    if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
    pOp->p2 = nKey + 1;
    pKI = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nField); /* Makes OP_Jump below testable */
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pKI, P4_KEYINFO);
    pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, nOBSat, 1);
    addrJmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrJmp+1, 0, addrJmp+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    pSort->labelBkOut = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    pSort->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pSort->iECursor);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrFirst);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, regBase, regPrevKey, pSort->nOBSat);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrJmp);
  }
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    op = OP_SorterInsert;
  }else{
    op = OP_IdxInsert;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, pSort->iECursor, regRecord);
  if( nOBSat==0 ){
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nExpr+2);
  }
  if( pSelect->iLimit ){
    int addr1, addr2;
    int iLimit;
    if( pSelect->iOffset ){
      iLimit = pSelect->iOffset+1;
    }else{
      iLimit = pSelect->iLimit;
    }
    addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfZero, iLimit); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, iLimit, -1);
    addr2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Last, pSort->iECursor);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, pSort->iECursor);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr2);
  }
}

/*
** Add code to implement the OFFSET
*/
static void codeOffset(
  Vdbe *v,          /* Generate code into this VM */
  int iOffset,      /* Register holding the offset counter */
  int iContinue     /* Jump here to skip the current record */
){
  if( iOffset>0 ){
    int addr;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, iOffset, -1);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNeg, iOffset); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
    VdbeComment((v, "skip OFFSET records"));
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
  }

    return 1;
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
}
#endif














/*
** This routine generates the code for the inside of the inner loop
** of a SELECT.
**
** If srcTab is negative, then the pEList expressions
** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row.  If srcTab is
** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and pEList is used only 
** to get number columns and the datatype for each column.
*/
static void selectInnerLoop(
  Parse *pParse,          /* The parser context */
  Select *p,              /* The complete select statement being coded */
  ExprList *pEList,       /* List of values being extracted */
  int srcTab,             /* Pull data from this table */
  SortCtx *pSort,         /* If not NULL, info on how to process ORDER BY */
  DistinctCtx *pDistinct, /* If not NULL, info on how to process DISTINCT */
  SelectDest *pDest,      /* How to dispose of the results */
  int iContinue,          /* Jump here to continue with next row */
  int iBreak              /* Jump here to break out of the inner loop */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  int hasDistinct;        /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
  int regResult;              /* Start of memory holding result set */
  int eDest = pDest->eDest;   /* How to dispose of results */
  int iParm = pDest->iSDParm; /* First argument to disposal method */
  int nResultCol;             /* Number of result columns */

  assert( v );
  assert( pEList!=0 );
  hasDistinct = pDistinct ? pDistinct->eTnctType : WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;
  if( pSort && pSort->pOrderBy==0 ) pSort = 0;
  if( pSort==0 && !hasDistinct ){
    assert( iContinue!=0 );
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, iContinue);
  }

  /* Pull the requested columns.
  */
  nResultCol = pEList->nExpr;

      default: {
        assert( pDistinct->eTnctType==WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED );
        codeDistinct(pParse, pDistinct->tabTnct, iContinue, nResultCol, regResult);
        break;
      }
    }
    if( pSort==0 ){
      codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, iContinue);
    }
  }

  switch( eDest ){
    /* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
    ** table iParm.

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxDelete, iParm, regResult, nResultCol);
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */

    /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
    */
    case SRT_Fifo:
    case SRT_DistFifo:
    case SRT_Table:
    case SRT_EphemTab: {
      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Table );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_EphemTab );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, r1);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
      if( eDest==SRT_DistFifo ){
        /* If the destination is DistFifo, then cursor (iParm+1) is open
        ** on an ephemeral index. If the current row is already present
        ** in the index, do not write it to the output. If not, add the
        ** current row to the index and proceed with writing it to the
        ** output table as well.  */
        int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 4;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1);
      }else{
        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      break;
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
    ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
    ** item into the set table with bogus data.
    */
    case SRT_Set: {
      assert( nResultCol==1 );
      pDest->affSdst =
                  sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affSdst);
      if( pSort ){
        /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
        ** case the order does matter */
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult,1,r1, &pDest->affSdst, 1);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }

    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
    ** of the scan loop.
    */
    case SRT_Mem: {
      assert( nResultCol==1 );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regResult, iParm, 1);
        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    case SRT_Coroutine:       /* Send data to a co-routine */
    case SRT_Output: {        /* Return the results */
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      if( pSort ){
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, r1);
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
      }

#endif
  }

  /* Jump to the end of the loop if the LIMIT is reached.  Except, if
  ** there is a sorter, in which case the sorter has already limited
  ** the output for us.
  */
  if( pSort==0 && p->iLimit ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfZero, p->iLimit, iBreak, -1); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
}

/*
** Allocate a KeyInfo object sufficient for an index of N key columns and
** X extra columns.

** then the KeyInfo structure is appropriate for initializing a virtual
** index to implement a DISTINCT test.
**
** Space to hold the KeyInfo structure is obtain from malloc.  The calling
** function is responsible for seeing that this structure is eventually
** freed.
*/
static KeyInfo *keyInfoFromExprList(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,     /* Form the KeyInfo object from this ExprList */
  int iStart,          /* Begin with this column of pList */
  int nExtra           /* Add this many extra columns to the end */
){
  int nExpr;
  KeyInfo *pInfo;
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int i;

  nExpr = pList->nExpr;
  pInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(db, nExpr+nExtra-iStart, 1);
  if( pInfo ){
    assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pInfo) );
    for(i=iStart, pItem=pList->a+iStart; i<nExpr; i++, pItem++){
      CollSeq *pColl;
      pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
      if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
      pInfo->aColl[i-iStart] = pColl;
      pInfo->aSortOrder[i-iStart] = pItem->sortOrder;
    }
  }
  return pInfo;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
/*

** then the results were placed in a sorter.  After the loop is terminated
** we need to run the sorter and output the results.  The following
** routine generates the code needed to do that.
*/
static void generateSortTail(
  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
  Select *p,        /* The SELECT statement */
  SortCtx *pSort,   /* Information on the ORDER BY clause */
  int nColumn,      /* Number of columns of data */
  SelectDest *pDest /* Write the sorted results here */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                     /* The prepared statement */
  int addrBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);     /* Jump here to exit loop */
  int addrContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Jump here for next cycle */
  int addr;
  int addrOnce = 0;
  int iTab;
  int pseudoTab = 0;
  ExprList *pOrderBy = pSort->pOrderBy;

  int eDest = pDest->eDest;
  int iParm = pDest->iSDParm;

  int regRow;
  int regRowid;
  int nKey;

  if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrBreak);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pSort->labelBkOut);
    addrOnce = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  iTab = pSort->iECursor;
  regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
    pseudoTab = pParse->nTab++;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, pseudoTab, regRow, nColumn);
    regRowid = 0;
  }else{
    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  }
  nKey = pOrderBy->nExpr - pSort->nOBSat;
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    int regSortOut = ++pParse->nMem;
    int ptab2 = pParse->nTab++;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, ptab2, regSortOut, nKey+2);
    if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, iTab, addrBreak);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, addrContinue);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterData, iTab, regSortOut);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, ptab2, nKey+1, regRow);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE);
  }else{
    if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sort, iTab, addrBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, addrContinue);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, nKey+1, regRow);
  }
  switch( eDest ){
    case SRT_Table:
    case SRT_EphemTab: {
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Table );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_EphemTab );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, regRowid);

  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);

  /* The bottom of the loop
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrContinue);
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterNext, iTab, addr); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iTab, addr); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  if( pSort->regReturn ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pSort->regReturn);
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrBreak);
  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, pseudoTab, 0);
  }
}

/*

  Select *pSetup = p->pPrior;   /* The setup query */
  int addrTop;                  /* Top of the loop */
  int addrCont, addrBreak;      /* CONTINUE and BREAK addresses */
  int iCurrent = 0;             /* The Current table */
  int regCurrent;               /* Register holding Current table */
  int iQueue;                   /* The Queue table */
  int iDistinct = 0;            /* To ensure unique results if UNION */
  int eDest = SRT_Fifo;         /* How to write to Queue */
  SelectDest destQueue;         /* SelectDest targetting the Queue table */
  int i;                        /* Loop counter */
  int rc;                       /* Result code */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;           /* The ORDER BY clause */
  Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;       /* Saved LIMIT and OFFSET */
  int regLimit, regOffset;      /* Registers used by LIMIT and OFFSET */

      iCurrent = pSrc->a[i].iCursor;
      break;
    }
  }

  /* Allocate cursors numbers for Queue and Distinct.  The cursor number for
  ** the Distinct table must be exactly one greater than Queue in order
  ** for the SRT_DistFifo and SRT_DistQueue destinations to work. */
  iQueue = pParse->nTab++;
  if( p->op==TK_UNION ){
    eDest = pOrderBy ? SRT_DistQueue : SRT_DistFifo;
    iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
  }else{
    eDest = pOrderBy ? SRT_Queue : SRT_Fifo;
  }
  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destQueue, eDest, iQueue);

  /* Allocate cursors for Current, Queue, and Distinct. */
  regCurrent = ++pParse->nMem;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, iCurrent, regCurrent, nCol);
  if( pOrderBy ){

  p->pPrior = pSetup;

  /* Keep running the loop until the Queue is empty */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrBreak);

end_of_recursive_query:
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, p->pOrderBy);
  p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
  p->pLimit = pLimit;
  p->pOffset = pOffset;
  return;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */

      Expr *pE = pFunc->pExpr;
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_xIsSelect) );
      if( pE->x.pList==0 || pE->x.pList->nExpr!=1 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "DISTINCT aggregates must have exactly one "
           "argument");
        pFunc->iDistinct = -1;
      }else{
        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pE->x.pList, 0, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pFunc->iDistinct, 0, 0,
                          (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
      }
    }
  }
}

  int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Return from sqlite3WhereBegin() */
  Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual machine under construction */
  int isAgg;             /* True for select lists like "count(*)" */
  ExprList *pEList;      /* List of columns to extract. */
  SrcList *pTabList;     /* List of tables to select from */
  Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause.  May be NULL */

  ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause.  May be NULL */
  Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause.  May be NULL */
  int rc = 1;            /* Value to return from this function */

  DistinctCtx sDistinct; /* Info on how to code the DISTINCT keyword */
  SortCtx sSort;         /* Info on how to code the ORDER BY clause */
  AggInfo sAggInfo;      /* Information used by aggregate queries */
  int iEnd;              /* Address of the end of the query */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
  int iRestoreSelectId = pParse->iSelectId;
  pParse->iSelectId = pParse->iNextSelectId++;
#endif

  db = pParse->db;
  if( p==0 || db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr ){
    return 1;
  }
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
  memset(&sAggInfo, 0, sizeof(sAggInfo));

  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistFifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Fifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistQueue );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Queue );
  if( IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
    assert(pDest->eDest==SRT_Exists || pDest->eDest==SRT_Union || 
           pDest->eDest==SRT_Except || pDest->eDest==SRT_Discard ||
           pDest->eDest==SRT_Queue  || pDest->eDest==SRT_DistFifo ||
           pDest->eDest==SRT_DistQueue || pDest->eDest==SRT_Fifo);
    /* If ORDER BY makes no difference in the output then neither does
    ** DISTINCT so it can be removed too. */
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
    p->pOrderBy = 0;
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
  }
  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
  memset(&sSort, 0, sizeof(sSort));
  sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
  assert( pEList!=0 );

    }
    if( /*pParse->nErr ||*/ db->mallocFailed ){
      goto select_end;
    }
    pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
    pTabList = p->pSrc;
    if( !IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
      sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
    }
  }
  pEList = p->pEList;
#endif
  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
  pHaving = p->pHaving;

  /* If there is both a GROUP BY and an ORDER BY clause and they are
  ** identical, then disable the ORDER BY clause since the GROUP BY
  ** will cause elements to come out in the correct order.  This is
  ** an optimization - the correct answer should result regardless.
  ** Use the SQLITE_GroupByOrder flag with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZER
  ** to disable this optimization for testing purposes.
  */
  if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(p->pGroupBy, sSort.pOrderBy, -1)==0
         && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_GroupByOrder) ){
    sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
  }

  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
  ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
  ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:
  **
  **     SELECT DISTINCT xyz FROM ... ORDER BY xyz
  **
  ** is transformed to:
  **
  **     SELECT xyz FROM ... GROUP BY xyz
  **
  ** The second form is preferred as a single index (or temp-table) may be 
  ** used for both the ORDER BY and DISTINCT processing. As originally 
  ** written the query must use a temp-table for at least one of the ORDER 
  ** BY and DISTINCT, and an index or separate temp-table for the other.
  */
  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct 
   && sqlite3ExprListCompare(sSort.pOrderBy, p->pEList, -1)==0
  ){
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
    p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList, 0);
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
    sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
    /* Notice that even thought SF_Distinct has been cleared from p->selFlags,
    ** the sDistinct.isTnct is still set.  Hence, isTnct represents the
    ** original setting of the SF_Distinct flag, not the current setting */
    assert( sDistinct.isTnct );
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then this sorting
  ** index might end up being unused if the data can be 
  ** extracted in pre-sorted order.  If that is the case, then the
  ** OP_OpenEphemeral instruction will be changed to an OP_Noop once
  ** we figure out that the sorting index is not needed.  The addrSortIndex
  ** variable is used to facilitate that change.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
    pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, sSort.pOrderBy, 0, 0);
    sSort.iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
    sSort.addrSortIndex =
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
                           sSort.iECursor, sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr+2, 0,
                           (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
  }else{
    sSort.addrSortIndex = -1;
  }

  /* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
  */
  if( pDest->eDest==SRT_EphemTab ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pDest->iSDParm, pEList->nExpr);
  }

  /* Set the limiter.
  */
  iEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  p->nSelectRow = LARGEST_INT64;
  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iEnd);
  if( p->iLimit==0 && sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, sSort.addrSortIndex)->opcode = OP_SorterOpen;
    sSort.sortFlags |= SORTFLAG_UseSorter;
  }

  /* Open a virtual index to use for the distinct set.
  */
  if( p->selFlags & SF_Distinct ){
    sDistinct.tabTnct = pParse->nTab++;
    sDistinct.addrTnct = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
                                sDistinct.tabTnct, 0, 0,
                                (char*)keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, p->pEList,0,0),
                                P4_KEYINFO);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, BTREE_UNORDERED);
    sDistinct.eTnctType = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED;
  }else{
    sDistinct.eTnctType = WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;
  }

  if( !isAgg && pGroupBy==0 ){
    /* No aggregate functions and no GROUP BY clause */
    u16 wctrlFlags = (sDistinct.isTnct ? WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT : 0);

    /* Begin the database scan. */
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, sSort.pOrderBy,
                               p->pEList, wctrlFlags, 0);
    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
    if( sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(pWInfo) < p->nSelectRow ){
      p->nSelectRow = sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(pWInfo);
    }
    if( sDistinct.isTnct && sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo) ){
      sDistinct.eTnctType = sqlite3WhereIsDistinct(pWInfo);
    }
    if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
      sSort.nOBSat = sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo);
      if( sSort.nOBSat==sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr ){
        sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
      }
    }

    /* If sorting index that was created by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral 
    ** instruction ended up not being needed, then change the OP_OpenEphemeral
    ** into an OP_Noop.
    */
    if( sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 && sSort.pOrderBy==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, sSort.addrSortIndex);

    }

    /* Use the standard inner loop. */
    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
                    sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pWInfo),
                    sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));

    /* End the database scan loop.
    */
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
  }else{

    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
    sNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
    sAggInfo.mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr+1 : 0;
    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
    if( pHaving ){
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
    }
    sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
    for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;

      /* If there is a GROUP BY clause we might need a sorting index to
      ** implement it.  Allocate that sorting index now.  If it turns out
      ** that we do not need it after all, the OP_SorterOpen instruction
      ** will be converted into a Noop.  
      */
      sAggInfo.sortingIdx = pParse->nTab++;
      pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, 0, 0);
      addrSortingIdx = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SorterOpen, 
          sAggInfo.sortingIdx, sAggInfo.nSortingColumn, 
          0, (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);

      /* Initialize memory locations used by GROUP BY aggregate processing
      */
      iUseFlag = ++pParse->nMem;

      /* Begin a loop that will extract all source rows in GROUP BY order.
      ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
      ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
      ** in the right order to begin with.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);
      pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pGroupBy, 0,
                                 WHERE_GROUPBY, 0);
      if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
      if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)==pGroupBy->nExpr ){
        /* The optimizer is able to deliver rows in group by order so
        ** we do not have to sort.  The OP_OpenEphemeral table will be
        ** cancelled later because we still need to use the pKeyInfo
        */
        groupBySort = 0;
      }else{
        /* Rows are coming out in undetermined order.  We have to push

      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrOutputRow);
      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iUseFlag, addrOutputRow+2); VdbeCoverage(v);
      VdbeComment((v, "Groupby result generator entry point"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
      finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, &sSort,
                      &sDistinct, pDest,
                      addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
      VdbeComment((v, "end groupby result generator"));

      /* Generate a subroutine that will reset the group-by accumulator
      */

        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMax,0,flag,0);
        if( pWInfo==0 ){
          sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
          goto select_end;
        }
        updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
        assert( pMinMax==0 || pMinMax->nExpr==1 );
        if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)>0 ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));
          VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index",
                (flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
        }
        sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
        finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
      }

      sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, 0, 0, 
                      pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd);
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrEnd);
    
  } /* endif aggregate query */

  if( sDistinct.eTnctType==WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED ){
    explainTempTable(pParse, "DISTINCT");
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then we need to sort the results
  ** and send them to the callback one by one.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    explainTempTable(pParse, sSort.nOBSat>0 ? "RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY":"ORDER BY");
    generateSortTail(pParse, p, &sSort, pEList->nExpr, pDest);
  }

  /* Jump here to skip this query
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEnd);

  /* The SELECT was successfully coded.   Set the return code to 0

static void explain_data_prepare(struct callback_data *p, sqlite3_stmt *pSql){
  const char *zSql;               /* The text of the SQL statement */
  const char *z;                  /* Used to check if this is an EXPLAIN */
  int *abYield = 0;               /* True if op is an OP_Yield */
  int nAlloc = 0;                 /* Allocated size of p->aiIndent[], abYield */
  int iOp;                        /* Index of operation in p->aiIndent[] */

  const char *azNext[] = { "Next", "Prev", "VPrev", "VNext", "SorterNext",
                           "NextIfOpen", "PrevIfOpen", 0 };
  const char *azYield[] = { "Yield", "SeekLt", "SeekGt", "RowSetRead", "Rewind", 0 };
  const char *azGoto[] = { "Goto", 0 };

  /* Try to figure out if this is really an EXPLAIN statement. If this
  ** cannot be verified, return early.  */
  zSql = sqlite3_sql(pSql);
  if( zSql==0 ) return;

** The r1 and r2 member variables are only used by the optimized comparison
** functions vdbeRecordCompareInt() and vdbeRecordCompareString().
*/
struct UnpackedRecord {
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
  u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
  i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
  u8 isCorrupt;       /* Corruption detected by xRecordCompare() */
  Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
  int r1;             /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
  int r2;             /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
};


/*

#define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
#define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
#define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
#define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
#define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
#define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
#define EP_InfixFunc 0x000080 /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
#define EP_Collate   0x000100 /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE operator */
#define EP_Generic   0x000200 /* Ignore COLLATE or affinity on this tree */
#define EP_IntValue  0x000400 /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
#define EP_xIsSelect 0x000800 /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
#define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
#define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
#define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */

** column expression as it exists in a SELECT statement.  However, if
** the bSpanIsTab flag is set, then zSpan is overloaded to mean the name
** of the result column in the form: DATABASE.TABLE.COLUMN.  This later
** form is used for name resolution with nested FROM clauses.
*/
struct ExprList {
  int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */

  struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
    Expr *pExpr;            /* The list of expressions */
    char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
    char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
    u8 sortOrder;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
    unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
    unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */

** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
*/
struct Select {
  ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
  u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
  u16 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
  int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
  int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
  u64 nSelectRow;        /* Estimated number of result rows */
  SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
  Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
  Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */

*/
#define SF_Distinct        0x0001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
#define SF_Resolved        0x0002  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
#define SF_Aggregate       0x0004  /* Contains aggregate functions */
#define SF_UsesEphemeral   0x0008  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
#define SF_Expanded        0x0010  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
#define SF_HasTypeInfo     0x0020  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
                    /*     0x0040  NOT USED */
#define SF_Values          0x0080  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
                    /*     0x0100  NOT USED */
#define SF_NestedFrom      0x0200  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
#define SF_MaybeConvert    0x0400  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
#define SF_Recursive       0x0800  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
#define SF_Compound        0x1000  /* Part of a compound query */


/*

**     SRT_Coroutine   Generate a co-routine that returns a new row of
**                     results each time it is invoked.  The entry point
**                     of the co-routine is stored in register pDest->iSDParm
**                     and the result row is stored in pDest->nDest registers
**                     starting with pDest->iSdst.
**
**     SRT_Table       Store results in temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
**     SRT_Fifo        This is like SRT_EphemTab except that the table
**                     is assumed to already be open.  SRT_Fifo has
**                     the additional property of being able to ignore
**                     the ORDER BY clause.
**
**     SRT_DistFifo    Store results in a temporary table pDest->iSDParm.
**                     But also use temporary table pDest->iSDParm+1 as
**                     a record of all prior results and ignore any duplicate
**                     rows.  Name means:  "Distinct Fifo".
**
**     SRT_Queue       Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm (really
**                     an index).  Append a sequence number so that all entries
**                     are distinct.
**
**     SRT_DistQueue   Store results in priority queue pDest->iSDParm only if
**                     the same record has never been stored before.  The
**                     index at pDest->iSDParm+1 hold all prior stores.
*/
#define SRT_Union        1  /* Store result as keys in an index */
#define SRT_Except       2  /* Remove result from a UNION index */
#define SRT_Exists       3  /* Store 1 if the result is not empty */
#define SRT_Discard      4  /* Do not save the results anywhere */
#define SRT_Fifo         5  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */
#define SRT_DistFifo     6  /* Like SRT_Fifo, but unique results only */
#define SRT_Queue        7  /* Store result in an queue */
#define SRT_DistQueue    8  /* Like SRT_Queue, but unique results only */

/* The ORDER BY clause is ignored for all of the above */
#define IgnorableOrderby(X) ((X->eDest)<=SRT_DistQueue)

#define SRT_Output       9  /* Output each row of result */
#define SRT_Mem         10  /* Store result in a memory cell */
#define SRT_Set         11  /* Store results as keys in an index */
#define SRT_EphemTab    12  /* Create transient tab and store like SRT_Table */
#define SRT_Coroutine   13  /* Generate a single row of result */
#define SRT_Table       14  /* Store result as data with an automatic rowid */




/*
** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
** a SELECT statement.
*/
struct SelectDest {
  u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */

  char *zErrMsg;       /* An error message */
  Vdbe *pVdbe;         /* An engine for executing database bytecode */
  int rc;              /* Return code from execution */
  u8 colNamesSet;      /* TRUE after OP_ColumnName has been issued to pVdbe */
  u8 checkSchema;      /* Causes schema cookie check after an error */
  u8 nested;           /* Number of nested calls to the parser/code generator */
  u8 nTempReg;         /* Number of temporary registers in aTempReg[] */


  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
  u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
  u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
  int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */

#endif

const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int);
int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
int sqlite3AddInt64(i64*,i64);
int sqlite3SubInt64(i64*,i64);

**
**   test_syscall exists SYSTEM-CALL
**     Return true if the named system call exists. Or false otherwise.
**
**   test_syscall list
**     Return a list of all system calls. The list is constructed using
**     the xNextSystemCall() VFS method.
**
**   test_syscall pagesize PGSZ
**     If PGSZ is a power of two greater than 256, install a wrapper around
**     OS function getpagesize() that reports the system page size as PGSZ.
**     Or, if PGSZ is less than zero, remove any wrapper already installed.
*/

#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "sqlite3.h"
#include "tcl.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>

static struct TestSyscallGlobal {
  int bPersist;                   /* 1 for persistent errors, 0 for transient */
  int nCount;                     /* Fail after this many more calls */
  int nFail;                      /* Number of failures that have occurred */
  int pgsz;
  sqlite3_syscall_ptr orig_getpagesize;
} gSyscall = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };

static int ts_open(const char *, int, int);
static int ts_close(int fd);
static int ts_access(const char *zPath, int mode);
static char *ts_getcwd(char *zPath, size_t nPath);
static int ts_stat(const char *zPath, struct stat *p);
static int ts_fstat(int fd, struct stat *p);

    return TCL_ERROR;
  }

  pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
  Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(pVfs->zName, -1));
  return TCL_OK;
}

static int ts_getpagesize(void){
  return gSyscall.pgsz;
}

static int test_syscall_pagesize(
  void * clientData,
  Tcl_Interp *interp,
  int objc,
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
){
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
  int pgsz;
  if( objc!=3 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 2, objv, "PGSZ");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[2], &pgsz) ){
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }

  if( pgsz<0 ){
    if( gSyscall.orig_getpagesize ){
      pVfs->xSetSystemCall(pVfs, "getpagesize", gSyscall.orig_getpagesize);
    }
  }else{
    if( pgsz<512 || (pgsz & (pgsz-1)) ){
      Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "pgsz out of range", 0);
      return TCL_ERROR;
    }
    gSyscall.orig_getpagesize = pVfs->xGetSystemCall(pVfs, "getpagesize");
    gSyscall.pgsz = pgsz;
    pVfs->xSetSystemCall(
        pVfs, "getpagesize", (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)ts_getpagesize
    );
  }

  return TCL_OK;
}

static int test_syscall(
  void * clientData,
  Tcl_Interp *interp,
  int objc,
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
){
  struct SyscallCmd {
    const char *zName;
    Tcl_ObjCmdProc *xCmd;
  } aCmd[] = {
    { "fault",      test_syscall_fault },
    { "install",    test_syscall_install },
    { "uninstall",  test_syscall_uninstall },
    { "reset",      test_syscall_reset },
    { "errno",      test_syscall_errno },
    { "exists",     test_syscall_exists },
    { "list",       test_syscall_list },
    { "defaultvfs", test_syscall_defaultvfs },
    { "pagesize",   test_syscall_pagesize },
    { 0, 0 }
  };
  int iCmd;
  int rc;

  if( objc<2 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "SUB-COMMAND ...");

void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(
  sqlite3_value *pVal, 
  u8 affinity, 
  u8 enc
){
  applyAffinity((Mem *)pVal, affinity, enc);
}

/*
** Return the numeric type for pMem, either MEM_Int or MEM_Real or both or
** none.  
**
** Unlike applyNumericAffinity(), this routine does not modify pMem->flags.
** But it does set pMem->r and pMem->u.i appropriately.
*/
static u16 numericType(Mem *pMem){
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
  }
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
      return 0;
    }
    if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==SQLITE_OK ){
      return MEM_Int;
    }
    return MEM_Real;
  }
  return 0;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Write a nice string representation of the contents of cell pMem
** into buffer zBuf, length nBuf.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf){

  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Move P1 P2 P3 * *
** Synopsis:  r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]
**
** Move the P3 values in register P1..P1+P3-1 over into
** registers P2..P2+P3-1.  Registers P1..P1+P3-1 are
** left holding a NULL.  It is an error for register ranges
** P1..P1+P3-1 and P2..P2+P3-1 to overlap.  It is an error
** for P3 to be less than 1.
*/
case OP_Move: {
  char *zMalloc;   /* Holding variable for allocated memory */
  int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
  int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
  int p2;          /* Register to copy to */

  n = pOp->p3;
  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( n>0 && p1>0 && p2>0 );
  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );

  pIn1 = &aMem[p1];
  pOut = &aMem[p2];
  do{
    assert( pOut<=&aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );
    assert( pIn1<=&aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );

#endif
    pIn1->flags = MEM_Undefined;
    pIn1->xDel = 0;
    pIn1->zMalloc = zMalloc;
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
    pIn1++;
    pOut++;
  }while( --n );
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 P3 * *
** Synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]
**
** Make a copy of registers P1..P1+P3 into registers P2..P2+P3.

*/
case OP_Add:                   /* same as TK_PLUS, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Subtract:              /* same as TK_MINUS, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Multiply:              /* same as TK_STAR, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Divide:                /* same as TK_SLASH, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
  char bIntint;   /* Started out as two integer operands */
  u16 flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
  u16 type1;      /* Numeric type of left operand */
  u16 type2;      /* Numeric type of right operand */
  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  type1 = numericType(pIn1);
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  type2 = numericType(pIn2);
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
  if( (flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
  if( (type1 & type2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
    iA = pIn1->u.i;
    iB = pIn2->u.i;
    bIntint = 1;
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:       if( sqlite3AddInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Subtract:  if( sqlite3SubInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;
      case OP_Multiply:  if( sqlite3MulInt64(&iB,iA) ) goto fp_math;  break;

    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
#else
    if( sqlite3IsNaN(rB) ){
      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
    }
    pOut->r = rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
    if( ((type1|type2)&MEM_Real)==0 && !bIntint ){
      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
    }
#endif
  }
  break;

arithmetic_result_is_null:

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY );
  assert( pOp->p4.ai );
  aPermute = pOp->p4.ai;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Compare P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
** Synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]
**
** Compare two vectors of registers in reg(P1)..reg(P1+P3-1) (call this
** vector "A") and in reg(P2)..reg(P2+P3-1) ("B").  Save the result of
** the comparison for use by the next OP_Jump instruct.
**
** If P5 has the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set, then the order of comparison is
** determined by the most recent OP_Permutation operator.  If the

      SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE |
      SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 );
  assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p2, -1, 1);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(db->pVfs, 0, db, &pCx->pBt, 
                        BTREE_OMIT_JOURNAL | BTREE_SINGLE | pOp->p5, vfsFlags);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pCx->pBt, 1);
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    /* If a transient index is required, create it by calling

    assert( pC->rowidIsValid==0 );
  }
  pC->seekResult = res;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Sequence P1 P2 * * *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++
**
** Find the next available sequence number for cursor P1.
** Write the sequence number into register P2.
** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
** instruction.  
*/
case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */

*/
case OP_SorterNext: {  /* jump */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( isSorter(pC) );
  res = 0;
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC, &res);
  goto next_tail;
case OP_PrevIfOpen:    /* jump */
case OP_NextIfOpen:    /* jump */
  if( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]==0 ) break;
  /* Fall through */
case OP_Prev:          /* jump */

      assert( memIsValid(&aMem[pOp->p3]) );
      memAboutToChange(p, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
      aMem[pOp->p3].u.i += nChange;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ResetSorter P1 * * * *
**
** Delete all contents from the ephemeral table or sorter
** that is open on cursor P1.
**
** This opcode only works for cursors used for sorting and
** opened with OP_OpenEphemeral or OP_SorterOpen.
*/
case OP_ResetSorter: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
 
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( pC->pSorter ){
    sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(db, pC->pSorter);
  }else{
    assert( pC->isEphemeral );
    rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTableOfCursor(pC->pCursor);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
**
** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into

sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(Vdbe*, const char*);
#endif

void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*,int);
UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(KeyInfo *, char *, int, char **);

typedef int (*RecordCompare)(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*,int);
RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord*);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
#endif

/* Use SQLITE_ENABLE_COMMENTS to enable generation of extra comments on

  int pseudoTableReg;   /* Register holding pseudotable content. */
  i16 nField;           /* Number of fields in the header */
  u16 nHdrParsed;       /* Number of header fields parsed so far */
  i8 iDb;               /* Index of cursor database in db->aDb[] (or -1) */
  u8 nullRow;           /* True if pointing to a row with no data */
  u8 rowidIsValid;      /* True if lastRowid is valid */
  u8 deferredMoveto;    /* A call to sqlite3BtreeMoveto() is needed */
  Bool isEphemeral:1;   /* True for an ephemeral table */
  Bool useRandomRowid:1;/* Generate new record numbers semi-randomly */
  Bool isTable:1;       /* True if a table requiring integer keys */
  Bool isOrdered:1;     /* True if the underlying table is BTREE_UNORDERED */
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;  /* The cursor for a virtual table */
  i64 seqCount;         /* Sequence counter */
  i64 movetoTarget;     /* Argument to the deferred sqlite3BtreeMoveto() */
  i64 lastRowid;        /* Rowid being deleted by OP_Delete */

u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem*, int);
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, Mem*, u32);
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(Vdbe*, int, int);

int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor *, i64 *);
int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);
int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeList(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem*);

int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
int sqlite3VdbeTransferError(Vdbe *p);

int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *, VdbeSorter *);
void sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
int sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, int *);
int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, int *);
int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
int sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *, int, int *);

  }
  assert( p->nOp>0 );
  assert( addr<p->nOp );
  if( addr<0 ){
    addr = p->nOp - 1;
  }
  pOp = &p->aOp[addr];
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_NOTUSED
       || pOp->p4type==P4_INT32
       || pOp->p4type==P4_KEYINFO );
  freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
  pOp->p4.p = 0;
  if( n==P4_INT32 ){
    /* Note: this cast is safe, because the origin data point was an int
    ** that was cast to a (const char *). */
    pOp->p4.i = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(zP4);
    pOp->p4type = P4_INT32;

    p->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }else if( p->pCursor ){
    int hasMoved;
    int rc = sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->pCursor, &hasMoved);
    if( rc ) return rc;
    if( hasMoved ){
      p->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
      if( hasMoved==2 ) p->nullRow = 1;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** The following functions:

**
** If argument bSkip is non-zero, it is assumed that the caller has already
** determined that the first fields of the keys are equal.
**
** Key1 and Key2 do not have to contain the same number of fields. If all 
** fields that appear in both keys are equal, then pPKey2->default_rc is 
** returned.
**
** If database corruption is discovered, set pPKey2->isCorrupt to non-zero
** and return 0.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,   /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2,         /* Right key */
  int bSkip                       /* If true, skip the first field */
){
  u32 d1;                         /* Offset into aKey[] of next data element */
  int i;                          /* Index of next field to compare */
  u32 szHdr1;                     /* Size of record header in bytes */
  u32 idx1;                       /* Offset of first type in header */
  int rc = 0;                     /* Return value */

    szHdr1 = aKey1[0];
    d1 = szHdr1 + sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(s1);
    i = 1;
    pRhs++;
  }else{
    idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
    d1 = szHdr1;
    if( d1>(unsigned)nKey1 ){ 
      pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      return 0;  /* Corruption */
    }
    i = 0;
  }

  VVA_ONLY( mem1.zMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */
  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField+pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nXField>=pPKey2->nField 
       || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );

      }else if( !(serial_type & 0x01) ){
        rc = +1;
      }else{
        mem1.n = (serial_type - 12) / 2;
        testcase( (d1+mem1.n)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        testcase( (d1+mem1.n+1)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        if( (d1+mem1.n) > (unsigned)nKey1 ){
          pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
          return 0;                /* Corruption */
        }else if( pKeyInfo->aColl[i] ){
          mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
          mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
          mem1.flags = MEM_Str;
          mem1.z = (char*)&aKey1[d1];
          rc = vdbeCompareMemString(&mem1, pRhs, pKeyInfo->aColl[i]);
        }else{

      if( serial_type<12 || (serial_type & 0x01) ){
        rc = -1;
      }else{
        int nStr = (serial_type - 12) / 2;
        testcase( (d1+nStr)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        testcase( (d1+nStr+1)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        if( (d1+nStr) > (unsigned)nKey1 ){
          pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
          return 0;                /* Corruption */
        }else{
          int nCmp = MIN(nStr, pRhs->n);
          rc = memcmp(&aKey1[d1], pRhs->z, nCmp);
          if( rc==0 ) rc = nStr - pRhs->n;
        }
      }
    }

}

/*
** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() 
** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is an integer, and (b) the 
** size-of-header varint at the start of (pKey1/nKey1) fits in a single
** byte (i.e. is less than 128).
**
** To avoid concerns about buffer overreads, this routine is only used
** on schemas where the maximum valid header size is 63 bytes or less.
*/
static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1, /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2,       /* Right key */
  int bSkip                     /* Ignored */
){
  const u8 *aKey = &((const u8*)pKey1)[*(const u8*)pKey1 & 0x3F];
  int serial_type = ((const u8*)pKey1)[1];
  int res;
  u32 y;
  u64 x;
  i64 v = pPKey2->aMem[0].u.i;
  i64 lhs;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(bSkip);

  assert( bSkip==0 );
  assert( (*(u8*)pKey1)<=0x3F || CORRUPT_DB );
  switch( serial_type ){
    case 1: { /* 1-byte signed integer */
      lhs = ONE_BYTE_INT(aKey);
      testcase( lhs<0 );
      break;
    }
    case 2: { /* 2-byte signed integer */

** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() 
** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is a string, that (b) the first field
** uses the collation sequence BINARY and (c) that the size-of-header varint 
** at the start of (pKey1/nKey1) fits in a single byte.
*/
static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1, /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2,       /* Right key */
  int bSkip
){
  const u8 *aKey1 = (const u8*)pKey1;
  int serial_type;
  int res;
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(bSkip);

  assert( bSkip==0 );
  getVarint32(&aKey1[1], serial_type);

  if( serial_type<12 ){
    res = pPKey2->r1;      /* (pKey1/nKey1) is a number or a null */
  }else if( !(serial_type & 0x01) ){ 
    res = pPKey2->r2;      /* (pKey1/nKey1) is a blob */
  }else{
    int nCmp;
    int nStr;
    int szHdr = aKey1[0];

    nStr = (serial_type-12) / 2;
    if( (szHdr + nStr) > nKey1 ){
      pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      return 0;    /* Corruption */
    }
    nCmp = MIN( pPKey2->aMem[0].n, nStr );
    res = memcmp(&aKey1[szHdr], pPKey2->aMem[0].z, nCmp);

    if( res==0 ){
      res = nStr - pPKey2->aMem[0].n;
      if( res==0 ){
        if( pPKey2->nField>1 ){

** pUnpacked is either created without a rowid or is truncated so that it
** omits the rowid at the end.  The rowid at the end of the index entry
** is ignored as well.  Hence, this routine only compares the prefixes 
** of the keys prior to the final rowid, not the entire key.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(
  VdbeCursor *pC,                  /* The cursor to compare against */
  UnpackedRecord *pUnpacked,       /* Unpacked version of key */
  int *res                         /* Write the comparison result here */
){
  i64 nCellKey = 0;
  int rc;
  BtCursor *pCur = pC->pCursor;
  Mem m;

  SorterRecord *p;
  SorterRecord *pNext;
  for(p=pRecord; p; p=pNext){
    pNext = p->pNext;
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
  }
}

/*
** Reset a sorting cursor back to its original empty state.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *db, VdbeSorter *pSorter){
  if( pSorter->aIter ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pSorter->nTree; i++){
      vdbeSorterIterZero(db, &pSorter->aIter[i]);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pSorter->aIter);
    pSorter->aIter = 0;
  }
  if( pSorter->pTemp1 ){
    sqlite3OsCloseFree(pSorter->pTemp1);
    pSorter->pTemp1 = 0;
  }
  vdbeSorterRecordFree(db, pSorter->pRecord);
  pSorter->pRecord = 0;
  pSorter->iWriteOff = 0;
  pSorter->iReadOff = 0;
  pSorter->nInMemory = 0;
  pSorter->nTree = 0;
  pSorter->nPMA = 0;
  pSorter->aTree = 0;
}


/*
** Free any cursor components allocated by sqlite3VdbeSorterXXX routines.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(sqlite3 *db, VdbeCursor *pCsr){
  VdbeSorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
  if( pSorter ){





    sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(db, pSorter);





    sqlite3DbFree(db, pSorter->pUnpacked);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pSorter);
    pCsr->pSorter = 0;
  }
}

/*

*/
int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int *pbEof){
  VdbeSorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
  int rc;                         /* Return code */

  if( pSorter->aTree ){
    int iPrev = pSorter->aTree[1];/* Index of iterator to advance */
    rc = vdbeSorterIterNext(db, &pSorter->aIter[iPrev]);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      int i;                      /* Index of aTree[] to recalculate */
      VdbeSorterIter *pIter1;     /* First iterator to compare */
      VdbeSorterIter *pIter2;     /* Second iterator to compare */
      u8 *pKey2;                  /* To pIter2->aKey, or 0 if record cached */

      /* Find the first two iterators to compare. The one that was just
      ** advanced (iPrev) and the one next to it in the array.  */
      pIter1 = &pSorter->aIter[(iPrev & 0xFFFE)];
      pIter2 = &pSorter->aIter[(iPrev | 0x0001)];
      pKey2 = pIter2->aKey;

      for(i=(pSorter->nTree+iPrev)/2; i>0; i=i/2){
        /* Compare pIter1 and pIter2. Store the result in variable iRes. */
        int iRes;
        if( pIter1->pFile==0 ){
          iRes = +1;
        }else if( pIter2->pFile==0 ){
          iRes = -1;
        }else{
          vdbeSorterCompare(pCsr, 0, 
              pIter1->aKey, pIter1->nKey, pKey2, pIter2->nKey, &iRes
          );
        }

        /* If pIter1 contained the smaller value, set aTree[i] to its index.
        ** Then set pIter2 to the next iterator to compare to pIter1. In this
        ** case there is no cache of pIter2 in pSorter->pUnpacked, so set
        ** pKey2 to point to the record belonging to pIter2.
        **
        ** Alternatively, if pIter2 contains the smaller of the two values,
        ** set aTree[i] to its index and update pIter1. If vdbeSorterCompare()
        ** was actually called above, then pSorter->pUnpacked now contains
        ** a value equivalent to pIter2. So set pKey2 to NULL to prevent
        ** vdbeSorterCompare() from decoding pIter2 again.  */
        if( iRes<=0 ){
          pSorter->aTree[i] = (int)(pIter1 - pSorter->aIter);
          pIter2 = &pSorter->aIter[ pSorter->aTree[i ^ 0x0001] ];
          pKey2 = pIter2->aKey;
        }else{
          if( pIter1->pFile ) pKey2 = 0;
          pSorter->aTree[i] = (int)(pIter2 - pSorter->aIter);
          pIter1 = &pSorter->aIter[ pSorter->aTree[i ^ 0x0001] ];
        }

      }
      *pbEof = (pSorter->aIter[pSorter->aTree[1]].pFile==0);
    }
  }else{
    SorterRecord *pFree = pSorter->pRecord;
    pSorter->pRecord = pFree->pNext;
    pFree->pNext = 0;
    vdbeSorterRecordFree(db, pFree);
    *pbEof = !pSorter->pRecord;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;

}

/*
** Return TRUE if the WHERE clause returns rows in ORDER BY order.
** Return FALSE if the output needs to be sorted.
*/
int sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
  return pWInfo->nOBSat;
}

/*
** Return the VDBE address or label to jump to in order to continue
** immediately with the next row of a WHERE clause.
*/
int sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
  assert( pWInfo->iContinue!=0 );
  return pWInfo->iContinue;
}

/*
** Return the VDBE address or label to jump to in order to break
** out of a WHERE loop.
*/

    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
    ** query, then the caller will only allow the loop to run for
    ** a single iteration. This means that the first row returned
    ** should not have a NULL value stored in 'x'. If column 'x' is
    ** the first one after the nEq equality constraints in the index,
    ** this requires some special handling.
    */
    assert( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0
         || pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr==1
         || (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)==0 );
    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)!=0
     && pWInfo->nOBSat>0
     && (pIdx->nKeyCol>nEq)
    ){
      assert( pLoop->u.btree.nSkip==0 );
      bSeekPastNull = 1;
      nExtraReg = 1;
    }

      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( bRev ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Prev;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
    }
    pLevel->p1 = iIdxCur;

    pLevel->p3 = (pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_UNQ_WANTED)!=0 ? 1:0;
    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_CONSTRAINT)==0 ){
      pLevel->p5 = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
    }else{
      assert( pLevel->p5==0 );
    }
  }else

      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        /* "x IN (SELECT ...)":  TUNING: the SELECT returns 25 rows */
        nIn = 46;  assert( 46==sqlite3LogEst(25) );
      }else if( ALWAYS(pExpr->x.pList && pExpr->x.pList->nExpr) ){
        /* "x IN (value, value, ...)" */
        nIn = sqlite3LogEst(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr);
      }
      assert( nIn>0 );  /* RHS always has 2 or more terms...  The parser
                        ** changes "x IN (?)" into "x=?". */
      pNew->rRun += nIn;
      pNew->u.btree.nEq++;
      pNew->nOut = nRowEst + nInMul + nIn;
    }else if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ) ){
      assert(
        (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_NULL|WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_SKIPSCAN))!=0
        || nInMul==0

         && (pProbe->szIdxRow<pTab->szTabRow)
         && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0
         && sqlite3GlobalConfig.bUseCis
         && OptimizationEnabled(pWInfo->pParse->db, SQLITE_CoverIdxScan)
          )
      ){
        pNew->iSortIdx = b ? iSortIdx : 0;
        /* TUNING:  The base cost of an index scan is N + log2(N).
        ** The log2(N) is for the initial seek to the beginning and the N
        ** is for the scan itself. */
        pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rSize, rLogSize);
        if( m==0 ){
          /* TUNING: Cost of a covering index scan is K*(N + log2(N)).
          **  +  The extra factor K of between 1.1 and 3.0 that depends
          **     on the relative sizes of the table and the index.  K
          **     is smaller for smaller indices, thus favoring them.
          **     The upper bound on K (3.0) matches the penalty factor
          **     on a full table scan that tries to encourage the use of
          **     indexed lookups over full scans.
          */

          pNew->rRun +=  1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pTab->szTabRow;
        }else{
          /* TUNING: The cost of scanning a non-covering index is multiplied
          ** by log2(N) to account for the binary search of the main table
          ** that must happen for each row of the index.
          ** TODO: Should there be a multiplier here, analogous to the 3x
          ** multiplier for a fulltable scan or covering index scan, to
          ** further discourage the use of an index scan?  Or is the log2(N)
          ** term sufficient discouragement?
          ** TODO: What if some or all of the WHERE clause terms can be
          ** computed without reference to the original table.  Then the
          ** penality should reduce to logK where K is the number of output
          ** rows.
          */
          pNew->rRun += rLogSize;
        }
        whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew);
        rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
        pNew->nOut = rSize;
        if( rc ) break;
      }
    }

    if( i>=nConstraint ){
      pNew->nLTerm = mxTerm+1;
      assert( pNew->nLTerm<=pNew->nLSlot );
      pNew->u.vtab.idxNum = pIdxInfo->idxNum;
      pNew->u.vtab.needFree = pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr;
      pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 0;
      pNew->u.vtab.idxStr = pIdxInfo->idxStr;
      pNew->u.vtab.isOrdered = (i8)(pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed ?
                                      pIdxInfo->nOrderBy : 0);
      pNew->rSetup = 0;
      pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstFromDouble(pIdxInfo->estimatedCost);
      pNew->nOut = sqlite3LogEst(pIdxInfo->estimatedRows);
      whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
      if( pNew->u.vtab.needFree ){
        sqlite3_free(pNew->u.vtab.idxStr);
        pNew->u.vtab.needFree = 0;

  whereLoopClear(db, pNew);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Examine a WherePath (with the addition of the extra WhereLoop of the 5th
** parameters) to see if it outputs rows in the requested ORDER BY
** (or GROUP BY) without requiring a separate sort operation.  Return N:
** 
**   N>0:   N terms of the ORDER BY clause are satisfied
**   N==0:  No terms of the ORDER BY clause are satisfied
**   N<0:   Unknown yet how many terms of ORDER BY might be satisfied.   
**
** Note that processing for WHERE_GROUPBY and WHERE_DISTINCTBY is not as
** strict.  With GROUP BY and DISTINCT the only requirement is that
** equivalent rows appear immediately adjacent to one another.  GROUP BY
** and DISTINT do not require rows to appear in any particular order as long
** as equivelent rows are grouped together.  Thus for GROUP BY and DISTINCT
** the pOrderBy terms can be matched in any order.  With ORDER BY, the 
** pOrderBy terms must be matched in strict left-to-right order.
*/
static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,    /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* ORDER BY or GROUP BY or DISTINCT clause to check */
  WherePath *pPath,     /* The WherePath to check */
  u16 wctrlFlags,       /* Might contain WHERE_GROUPBY or WHERE_DISTINCTBY */
  u16 nLoop,            /* Number of entries in pPath->aLoop[] */
  WhereLoop *pLast,     /* Add this WhereLoop to the end of pPath->aLoop[] */
  Bitmask *pRevMask     /* OUT: Mask of WhereLoops to run in reverse order */

          if( iColumn>=0 ){
            pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
            if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
            if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIndex->azColl[j])!=0 ) continue;
          }
          isMatch = 1;
          break;
        }
        if( isMatch && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_GROUPBY)==0 ){
          /* Make sure the sort order is compatible in an ORDER BY clause.
          ** Sort order is irrelevant for a GROUP BY clause. */
          if( revSet ){
            if( (rev ^ revIdx)!=pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder ) isMatch = 0;
          }else{
            rev = revIdx ^ pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
            if( rev ) *pRevMask |= MASKBIT(iLoop);
            revSet = 1;
          }
        }
        if( isMatch ){
          if( iColumn<0 ){
            testcase( distinctColumns==0 );
            distinctColumns = 1;
          }
          obSat |= MASKBIT(i);











        }else{
          /* No match found */
          if( j==0 || j<nKeyCol ){
            testcase( isOrderDistinct!=0 );
            isOrderDistinct = 0;
          }
          break;

        if( mTerm==0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(p) ) continue;
        if( (mTerm&~orderDistinctMask)==0 ){
          obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
        }
      }
    }
  } /* End the loop over all WhereLoops from outer-most down to inner-most */
  if( obSat==obDone ) return (i8)nOrderBy;
  if( !isOrderDistinct ){
    for(i=nOrderBy-1; i>0; i--){
      Bitmask m = MASKBIT(i) - 1;
      if( (obSat&m)==m ) return i;
    }
    return 0;
  }
  return -1;
}

#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
/* For debugging use only: */
static const char *wherePathName(WherePath *pPath, int nLoop, WhereLoop *pLast){
  static char zName[65];

  int mxChoice;             /* Maximum number of simultaneous paths tracked */
  int nLoop;                /* Number of terms in the join */
  Parse *pParse;            /* Parsing context */
  sqlite3 *db;              /* The database connection */
  int iLoop;                /* Loop counter over the terms of the join */
  int ii, jj;               /* Loop counters */
  int mxI = 0;              /* Index of next entry to replace */
  int nOrderBy;             /* Number of ORDER BY clause terms */
  LogEst rCost;             /* Cost of a path */
  LogEst nOut;              /* Number of outputs */
  LogEst mxCost = 0;        /* Maximum cost of a set of paths */
  LogEst mxOut = 0;         /* Maximum nOut value on the set of paths */

  int nTo, nFrom;           /* Number of valid entries in aTo[] and aFrom[] */
  WherePath *aFrom;         /* All nFrom paths at the previous level */
  WherePath *aTo;           /* The nTo best paths at the current level */
  WherePath *pFrom;         /* An element of aFrom[] that we are working on */
  WherePath *pTo;           /* An element of aTo[] that we are working on */
  WhereLoop *pWLoop;        /* One of the WhereLoop objects */
  WhereLoop **pX;           /* Used to divy up the pSpace memory */

  ** of computing an automatic index is not paid back within the first 25
  ** rows, then do not use the automatic index. */
  aFrom[0].nRow = MIN(pParse->nQueryLoop, 46);  assert( 46==sqlite3LogEst(25) );
  nFrom = 1;

  /* Precompute the cost of sorting the final result set, if the caller
  ** to sqlite3WhereBegin() was concerned about sorting */

  if( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0 || nRowEst==0 ){
    aFrom[0].isOrdered = 0;
    nOrderBy = 0;
  }else{
    aFrom[0].isOrdered = -1;
    nOrderBy = pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr;




  }

  /* Compute successively longer WherePaths using the previous generation
  ** of WherePaths as the basis for the next.  Keep track of the mxChoice
  ** best paths at each generation */
  for(iLoop=0; iLoop<nLoop; iLoop++){
    nTo = 0;
    for(ii=0, pFrom=aFrom; ii<nFrom; ii++, pFrom++){
      for(pWLoop=pWInfo->pLoops; pWLoop; pWLoop=pWLoop->pNextLoop){
        Bitmask maskNew;
        Bitmask revMask = 0;

        i8 isOrdered = pFrom->isOrdered;
        if( (pWLoop->prereq & ~pFrom->maskLoop)!=0 ) continue;
        if( (pWLoop->maskSelf & pFrom->maskLoop)!=0 ) continue;
        /* At this point, pWLoop is a candidate to be the next loop. 
        ** Compute its cost */
        rCost = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pWLoop->rSetup,pWLoop->rRun + pFrom->nRow);
        rCost = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rCost, pFrom->rCost);
        nOut = pFrom->nRow + pWLoop->nOut;
        maskNew = pFrom->maskLoop | pWLoop->maskSelf;
        if( isOrdered<0 ){
          isOrdered = wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(pWInfo,
                       pWInfo->pOrderBy, pFrom, pWInfo->wctrlFlags,
                       iLoop, pWLoop, &revMask);

          if( isOrdered>=0 && isOrdered<nOrderBy ){
            /* TUNING: Estimated cost of sorting is N*log(N).
            ** If the order-by clause has X terms but only the last Y terms
            ** are out of order, then block-sorting will reduce the sorting
            ** cost to N*log(N)*log(Y/X).  The log(Y/X) term is computed
            ** by rScale.
            ** TODO: Should the sorting cost get a small multiplier to help
            ** discourage the use of sorting and encourage the use of index
            ** scans instead?
            */
            LogEst rScale, rSortCost;
            assert( nOrderBy>0 );
            rScale = sqlite3LogEst((nOrderBy-isOrdered)*100/nOrderBy) - 66;
            rSortCost = nRowEst + estLog(nRowEst) + rScale;
            /* TUNING: The cost of implementing DISTINCT using a B-TREE is
            ** also N*log(N) but it has a larger constant of proportionality.
            ** Multiply by 3.0. */
            if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
              rSortCost += 16;
            }
            WHERETRACE(0x002,
               ("---- sort cost=%-3d (%d/%d) increases cost %3d to %-3d\n",
                rSortCost, (nOrderBy-isOrdered), nOrderBy, rCost,
                sqlite3LogEstAdd(rCost,rSortCost)));
            rCost = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rCost, rSortCost);



          }
        }else{
          revMask = pFrom->revLoop;
        }
        /* Check to see if pWLoop should be added to the mxChoice best so far */
        for(jj=0, pTo=aTo; jj<nTo; jj++, pTo++){
          if( pTo->maskLoop==maskNew
           && ((pTo->isOrdered^isOrdered)&80)==0
           && ((pTo->rCost<=rCost && pTo->nRow<=nOut) ||
                (pTo->rCost>=rCost && pTo->nRow>=nOut))
          ){
            testcase( jj==nTo-1 );
            break;
          }
        }
        if( jj>=nTo ){
          if( nTo>=mxChoice && rCost>=mxCost ){
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
            if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                  isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
            }
#endif
            continue;
          }
          /* Add a new Path to the aTo[] set */
          if( nTo<mxChoice ){
            /* Increase the size of the aTo set by one */
            jj = nTo++;
          }else{
            /* New path replaces the prior worst to keep count below mxChoice */
            jj = mxI;
          }
          pTo = &aTo[jj];
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
          if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
          }
#endif
        }else{
          if( pTo->rCost<=rCost && pTo->nRow<=nOut ){
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
            if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
              sqlite3DebugPrintf(
                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                  isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d,%d order=%c\n",
                  wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
                  pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
            }
#endif
            testcase( pTo->rCost==rCost );
            continue;
          }
          testcase( pTo->rCost==rCost+1 );
          /* A new and better score for a previously created equivalent path */
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
          if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
            sqlite3DebugPrintf(
                "Update %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
                isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
                pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
          }
#endif
        }
        /* pWLoop is a winner.  Add it to the set of best so far */
        pTo->maskLoop = pFrom->maskLoop | pWLoop->maskSelf;
        pTo->revLoop = revMask;
        pTo->nRow = nOut;
        pTo->rCost = rCost;

        pTo->isOrdered = isOrdered;
        memcpy(pTo->aLoop, pFrom->aLoop, sizeof(WhereLoop*)*iLoop);
        pTo->aLoop[iLoop] = pWLoop;
        if( nTo>=mxChoice ){
          mxI = 0;
          mxCost = aTo[0].rCost;
          mxOut = aTo[0].nRow;

#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED  /* >=2 */
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace>=2 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- after round %d ----\n", iLoop);
      for(ii=0, pTo=aTo; ii<nTo; ii++, pTo++){
        sqlite3DebugPrintf(" %s cost=%-3d nrow=%-3d order=%c",
           wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
           pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? (pTo->isOrdered+'0') : '?');
        if( pTo->isOrdered>0 ){
          sqlite3DebugPrintf(" rev=0x%llx\n", pTo->revLoop);
        }else{
          sqlite3DebugPrintf("\n");
        }
      }
    }
#endif

   && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY)==0
   && pWInfo->eDistinct==WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP
   && nRowEst
  ){
    Bitmask notUsed;
    int rc = wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(pWInfo, pWInfo->pResultSet, pFrom,
                 WHERE_DISTINCTBY, nLoop-1, pFrom->aLoop[nLoop-1], &notUsed);
    if( rc==pWInfo->pResultSet->nExpr ){
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED;
    }
  }
  if( pWInfo->pOrderBy ){
    if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY ){
      if( pFrom->isOrdered==pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr ){
        pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED;
      }
    }else{
      pWInfo->nOBSat = pFrom->isOrdered;
      if( pWInfo->nOBSat<0 ) pWInfo->nOBSat = 0;
      pWInfo->revMask = pFrom->revLoop;
    }
  }
  pWInfo->nRowOut = pFrom->nRow;

  /* Free temporary memory and return success */
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pSpace);

  }
  if( pLoop->wsFlags ){
    pLoop->nOut = (LogEst)1;
    pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop = pLoop;
    pLoop->maskSelf = getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
    pWInfo->a[0].iTabCur = iCur;
    pWInfo->nRowOut = 1;
    if( pWInfo->pOrderBy ) pWInfo->nOBSat =  pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr;
    if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    pLoop->cId = '0';
#endif
    return 1;

** be used to compute the appropriate cursor depending on which index is
** used.
*/
WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
  Parse *pParse,        /* The parser context */
  SrcList *pTabList,    /* FROM clause: A list of all tables to be scanned */
  Expr *pWhere,         /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* An ORDER BY (or GROUP BY) clause, or NULL */
  ExprList *pResultSet, /* Result set of the query */
  u16 wctrlFlags,       /* One of the WHERE_* flags defined in sqliteInt.h */
  int iIdxCur           /* If WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY is set, index cursor number */
){
  int nByteWInfo;            /* Num. bytes allocated for WhereInfo struct */
  int nTabList;              /* Number of elements in pTabList */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;         /* Will become the return value of this function */

  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection */
  int rc;                    /* Return code */


  /* Variable initialization */
  db = pParse->db;
  memset(&sWLB, 0, sizeof(sWLB));

  /* An ORDER/GROUP BY clause of more than 63 terms cannot be optimized */
  testcase( pOrderBy && pOrderBy->nExpr==BMS-1 );
  if( pOrderBy && pOrderBy->nExpr>=BMS ) pOrderBy = 0;
  sWLB.pOrderBy = pOrderBy;

  /* Disable the DISTINCT optimization if SQLITE_DistinctOpt is set via
  ** sqlite3_test_ctrl(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) */
  if( OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_DistinctOpt) ){
    wctrlFlags &= ~WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT;
  }

  }
  pWInfo->aiCurOnePass[0] = pWInfo->aiCurOnePass[1] = -1;
  pWInfo->nLevel = nTabList;
  pWInfo->pParse = pParse;
  pWInfo->pTabList = pTabList;
  pWInfo->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
  pWInfo->pResultSet = pResultSet;
  pWInfo->iBreak = pWInfo->iContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  pWInfo->wctrlFlags = wctrlFlags;
  pWInfo->savedNQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
  pMaskSet = &pWInfo->sMaskSet;
  sWLB.pWInfo = pWInfo;
  sWLB.pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  sWLB.pNew = (WhereLoop*)(((char*)pWInfo)+nByteWInfo);
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(sWLB.pNew) );

      sWLB.pWC->a[ii].wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
  }

  /* Special case: No FROM clause
  */
  if( nTabList==0 ){
    if( pOrderBy ) pWInfo->nOBSat = pOrderBy->nExpr;
    if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }
  }

  /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
  **

  if( pParse->nErr || NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ){
    goto whereBeginError;
  }
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* !=0 */
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
    int ii;
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- Solution nRow=%d", pWInfo->nRowOut);
    if( pWInfo->nOBSat>0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" ORDERBY=%d,0x%llx", pWInfo->nOBSat, pWInfo->revMask);
    }
    switch( pWInfo->eDistinct ){
      case WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE: {
        sqlite3DebugPrintf("  DISTINCT=unique");
        break;
      }
      case WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED: {

      u16 nEq;               /* Number of equality constraints */
      u16 nSkip;             /* Number of initial index columns to skip */
      Index *pIndex;         /* Index used, or NULL */
    } btree;
    struct {               /* Information for virtual tables */
      int idxNum;            /* Index number */
      u8 needFree;           /* True if sqlite3_free(idxStr) is needed */
      i8 isOrdered;          /* True if satisfies ORDER BY */
      u16 omitMask;          /* Terms that may be omitted */
      char *idxStr;          /* Index identifier string */
    } vtab;
  } u;
  u32 wsFlags;          /* WHERE_* flags describing the plan */
  u16 nLTerm;           /* Number of entries in aLTerm[] */
  /**** whereLoopXfer() copies fields above ***********************/

** at the end is the choosen query plan.
*/
struct WherePath {
  Bitmask maskLoop;     /* Bitmask of all WhereLoop objects in this path */
  Bitmask revLoop;      /* aLoop[]s that should be reversed for ORDER BY */
  LogEst nRow;          /* Estimated number of rows generated by this path */
  LogEst rCost;         /* Total cost of this path */
  i8 isOrdered;         /* No. of ORDER BY terms satisfied. -1 for unknown */

  WhereLoop **aLoop;    /* Array of WhereLoop objects implementing this path */
};

/*
** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
** clause subexpression is separated from the others by AND operators,

  SrcList *pTabList;        /* List of tables in the join */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;       /* The ORDER BY clause or NULL */
  ExprList *pResultSet;     /* Result set. DISTINCT operates on these */
  WhereLoop *pLoops;        /* List of all WhereLoop objects */
  Bitmask revMask;          /* Mask of ORDER BY terms that need reversing */
  LogEst nRowOut;           /* Estimated number of output rows */
  u16 wctrlFlags;           /* Flags originally passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
  i8 nOBSat;                /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
  u8 okOnePass;             /* Ok to use one-pass algorithm for UPDATE/DELETE */
  u8 untestedTerms;         /* Not all WHERE terms resolved by outer loop */
  u8 eDistinct;             /* One of the WHERE_DISTINCT_* values below */
  u8 nLevel;                /* Number of nested loop */
  int iTop;                 /* The very beginning of the WHERE loop */
  int iContinue;            /* Jump here to continue with next record */
  int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */

sqlite3 db test.db

# Try to use the file.
do_test 1.2 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE a>'abc';
  }
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}
do_test 1.3 {
  catchsql {
     PRAGMA integrity_check
  }
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}
do_test 1.4 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT c FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
  }
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}

# Corrupt the same file in a slightly different way.  Make the record header
# sane, but corrupt one of the serial_type value to indicate a huge payload
# such that the payload begins in allocated space but overflows the buffer.
#
db close
hexio_write test.db [expr {$idxroot*512-15}] 0513ff7f01
sqlite3 db test.db

do_test 2.1 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT rowid FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' and b='xyz123456789XYZ';
  }

} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}





finish_test

# Initialize the database.
#
do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  PRAGMA page_size=1024;
  PRAGMA auto_vacuum=0;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a);
  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abcdefghijklmnop');
} {}
db close

do_test 1.2 {
  set offset [hexio_get_int [hexio_read test.db [expr 2*1024 + 8] 2]]
  set off [expr 2*1024 + $offset + 1]
  hexio_write test.db $off 7f06
  sqlite3 db test.db
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = 10 }
} {0 {}}

do_test 1.3 {
  db close
  set offset [hexio_get_int [hexio_read test.db [expr 2*1024 + 8] 2]]
  set off [expr 2*1024 + $offset + 1]
  hexio_write test.db $off FFFF7f02
  sqlite3 db test.db
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = 10 }
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}

do_test 2.0 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE r(x);
    INSERT INTO r VALUES('ABCDEFGHIJK');
    CREATE INDEX r1 ON r(x);
  }
  set pg [db one {SELECT rootpage FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = 'r1'}]
} {5}

do_test 2.1 {
  db close
  set offset [hexio_get_int [hexio_read test.db [expr (5-1)*1024 + 8] 2]]
  set off [expr (5-1)*1024 + $offset + 1]
  hexio_write test.db $off FFFF0004
  sqlite3 db test.db
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM r WHERE x >= 10.0 }
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}

do_test 2.2 {
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM r WHERE x >= 10 }
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}


finish_test

  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('a', 'b', 'c');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('A', 'B', 'C');
}

foreach {tn sql temptables res} {
  1   "a, b FROM t1"                                       {}      {A B a b}
  2   "b, a FROM t1"                                       {}      {B A b a}
  3   "a, b, c FROM t1"                                    {hash}  {A B C a b c}
  4   "a, b, c FROM t1 ORDER BY a, b, c"                   {btree} {A B C a b c}
  5   "b FROM t1 WHERE a = 'a'"                            {}      {b}
  6   "b FROM t1 ORDER BY +b COLLATE binary"          {btree hash} {B b}
  7   "a FROM t1"                                          {}      {A a}
  8   "b COLLATE nocase FROM t1"                           {}      {b}
  9   "b COLLATE nocase FROM t1 ORDER BY b COLLATE nocase" {}      {b}
} {

  SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE name LIKE 't8%';
} {6 0}
do_execsql_test 5.2 {
  ALTER TABLE t7 RENAME TO t8;
  SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE name LIKE 't7%';
  SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE name LIKE 't8%';
} {0 6}

# At one point this was causing a memory leak.
#
foreach {tn sql} {
  1 {}
  2 { INSERT INTO ft(ft) VALUES('merge=2,2'); }
} {
  reset_db
  do_execsql_test 6.$tn.1 "
    CREATE TABLE t1(x);
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ft USING fts3;
    INSERT INTO ft VALUES('hello world');
    $sql
  "

  db close
  sqlite3 db test.db
  do_execsql_test 6.$tn.2 { SELECT * FROM t1 } {}

  do_test 6.$tn.3 {
    sqlite3 db2 test.db
    db2 eval { DROP TABLE t1 }
    db2 close
    set stmt [sqlite3_prepare db { SELECT * FROM ft } -1 dummy]
    sqlite3_finalize $stmt
  } {SQLITE_OK}
  db close
}

finish_test

} {fts_content fts_segdir fts_segments}
do_test fts3d-6.5 {
  db eval {
    ALTER TABLE fts RENAME TO xyz;
    SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name GLOB '???_*' ORDER BY 1;
  }
} {xyz_content xyz_segdir xyz_segments}

# ALTER TABLE RENAME on an FTS3 table following an incr-merge op.
#
do_test fts3d-6.6 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO xyz(xyz) VALUES('merge=2,2') }
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql { 
    ALTER TABLE xyz RENAME TO ott;
    SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE name GLOB '???_*' ORDER BY 1;
  }
} {ott_content ott_segdir ott_segments ott_stat}
 

finish_test

} {}
do_test in4-3.11 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (1, 2) OR y IN ()}
} {1 1 1}
do_test in4-3.12 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (1, 2) AND y IN ()}
} {}

# Tests for "... IN (?)" and "... NOT IN (?)".  In other words, tests
# for when the RHS of IN is a single expression.  This should work the
# same as the == and <> operators.
#
do_execsql_test in4-3.21 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x=10 AND y IN (10);
} {10 10 10}
do_execsql_test in4-3.22 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (10) AND y=10;
} {10 10 10}
do_execsql_test in4-3.23 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (10) AND y IN (10);
} {10 10 10}
do_execsql_test in4-3.24 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x=1 AND y NOT IN (10);
} {1 1 1}
do_execsql_test in4-3.25 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x  NOT IN (10) AND y=1;
} {1 1 1}
do_execsql_test in4-3.26 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x NOT IN (10) AND y NOT IN (10);
} {1 1 1}

# The query planner recognizes that "x IN (?)" only generates a
# single match and can use this information to optimize-out ORDER BY
# clauses.
#
do_execsql_test in4-3.31 {
  DROP INDEX t3i1;
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t3xy ON t3(x,y);

  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 A, t3 B
   WHERE A.x=10 AND A.y IN (10)
     AND B.x=1 AND B.y IN (1);
} {10 10 10 1 1 1 |}
do_execsql_test in4-3.32 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 A, t3 B
   WHERE A.x=10 AND A.y IN (10)
     AND B.x=1 AND B.y IN (1);
} {~/B-TREE/}  ;# No separate sorting pass
do_execsql_test in4-3.33 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 A, t3 B
   WHERE A.x IN (10) AND A.y=10
     AND B.x IN (1) AND B.y=1;
} {10 10 10 1 1 1 |}
do_execsql_test in4-3.34 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 A, t3 B
   WHERE A.x IN (10) AND A.y=10
     AND B.x IN (1) AND B.y=1;
} {~/B-TREE/}  ;# No separate sorting pass

# An expression of the form "x IN (?,?)" creates an ephemeral table to
# hold the list of values on the RHS.  But "x IN (?)" does not create
# an ephemeral table.
#
do_execsql_test in4-3.41 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (10,11);
} {10 10 10}
do_execsql_test in4-3.42 {
  EXPLAIN
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (10,11);
} {/OpenEphemeral/}
do_execsql_test in4-3.43 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (10);
} {10 10 10}
do_execsql_test in4-3.44 {
  EXPLAIN
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x IN (10);
} {~/OpenEphemeral/}
do_execsql_test in4-3.45 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x NOT IN (10,11);
} {1 1 1}
do_execsql_test in4-3.46 {
  EXPLAIN
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x NOT IN (10,11);
} {/OpenEphemeral/}
do_execsql_test in4-3.47 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x NOT IN (10);
} {1 1 1}
do_execsql_test in4-3.48 {
  EXPLAIN
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x NOT IN (10);
} {~/OpenEphemeral/}

# Make sure that when "x IN (?)" is converted into "x==?" that collating
# sequence and affinity computations do not get messed up.
#
do_execsql_test in4-4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t4a(a TEXT, b TEXT COLLATE nocase, c);
  INSERT INTO t4a VALUES('ABC','abc',1);
  INSERT INTO t4a VALUES('def','xyz',2);
  INSERT INTO t4a VALUES('ghi','ghi',3);
  SELECT c FROM t4a WHERE a=b ORDER BY c;
} {3}
do_execsql_test in4-4.2 {
  SELECT c FROM t4a WHERE b=a ORDER BY c;
} {1 3}
do_execsql_test in4-4.3 {
  SELECT c FROM t4a WHERE (a||'')=b ORDER BY c;
} {1 3}
do_execsql_test in4-4.4 {
  SELECT c FROM t4a WHERE (a||'')=(b||'') ORDER BY c;
} {3}
do_execsql_test in4-4.5 {
  SELECT c FROM t4a WHERE a IN (b) ORDER BY c;
} {3}
do_execsql_test in4-4.6 {
  SELECT c FROM t4a WHERE (a||'') IN (b) ORDER BY c;
} {3}


do_execsql_test in4-4.11 {
  CREATE TABLE t4b(a TEXT, b NUMERIC, c);
  INSERT INTO t4b VALUES('1.0',1,4);
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE a=b;
} {4}
do_execsql_test in4-4.12 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE b=a;
} {4}
do_execsql_test in4-4.13 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE +a=b;
} {4}
do_execsql_test in4-4.14 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE a=+b;
} {}
do_execsql_test in4-4.15 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE +b=a;
} {}
do_execsql_test in4-4.16 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE b=+a;
} {4}
do_execsql_test in4-4.17 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE a IN (b);
} {}
do_execsql_test in4-4.18 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE b IN (a);
} {4}
do_execsql_test in4-4.19 {
  SELECT c FROM t4b WHERE +b IN (a);
} {}

do_execsql_test in4-5.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t5(c INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d TEXT COLLATE nocase);
  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(17, 'fuzz');
  SELECT 1 FROM t5 WHERE 'fuzz' IN (d);  -- match
  SELECT 2 FROM t5 WHERE 'FUZZ' IN (d);  -- no match
  SELECT 3 FROM t5 WHERE d IN ('fuzz');  -- match
  SELECT 4 FROM t5 WHERE d IN ('FUZZ');  -- match
} {1 3 4}

# An expression of the form "x IN (y)" can be used as "x=y" by the
# query planner when computing transitive constraints or to run the
# query using an index on y.
#
do_execsql_test in4-6.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t6a(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
  INSERT INTO t6a VALUES(1,2),(3,4),(5,6);
  CREATE TABLE t6b(c INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, d);
  INSERT INTO t6b VALUES(4,44),(5,55),(6,66);

  SELECT * FROM t6a, t6b WHERE a=3 AND b IN (c);
} {3 4 4 44}
do_execsql_test in4-6.1-eqp {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t6a, t6b WHERE a=3 AND b IN (c);
} {~/SCAN/}
do_execsql_test in4-6.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t6a, t6b WHERE a=3 AND c IN (b);
} {3 4 4 44}
do_execsql_test in4-6.2-eqp {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t6a, t6b WHERE a=3 AND c IN (b);
} {~/SCAN/}


finish_test

} {32}
do_test limit-13.72 {
  db eval {SELECT z FROM v13c LIMIT 2 OFFSET 7}
} {32}
do_test limit-13.81 {
  db eval {SELECT z FROM v13c LIMIT 1 OFFSET 8}
} {}

do_execsql_test limit-14.1 {
  SELECT 123 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 0
} {123}
do_execsql_test limit-14.2 {
  SELECT 123 LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
} {}
do_execsql_test limit-14.3 {
  SELECT 123 LIMIT 0 OFFSET 0
} {}
do_execsql_test limit-14.4 {
  SELECT 123 LIMIT 0 OFFSET 1
} {}
do_execsql_test limit-14.6 {
  SELECT 123 LIMIT -1 OFFSET 0
} {123}
do_execsql_test limit-14.7 {
  SELECT 123 LIMIT -1 OFFSET 1
} {}


finish_test

  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT DISTINCT c, b, a FROM t1 WHERE a=0;
} {~/B-TREE/}
do_execsql_test 1.7 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT DISTINCT c, b, a FROM t1 WHERE +a=0;
} {/B-TREE/}

# In some cases, it is faster to do repeated index lookups than it is to
# sort.  But in other cases, it is faster to sort than to do repeated index
# lookups.
#
do_execsql_test 2.1a {
  CREATE TABLE t2(a,b,c);
  CREATE INDEX t2bc ON t2(b,c);
  ANALYZE;
  INSERT INTO sqlite_stat1 VALUES('t1','t1bc','1000000 10 9');
  INSERT INTO sqlite_stat1 VALUES('t2','t2bc','100 10 5');
  ANALYZE sqlite_master;

  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a=0 ORDER BY a, b, c;
} {~/B-TREE/}
do_execsql_test 2.1b {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 ORDER BY a, b, c;
} {/B-TREE/}


do_execsql_test 2.2 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE +a=0 ORDER BY a, b, c;
} {/B-TREE/}
do_execsql_test 2.3 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 ORDER BY b, a, c;

# 2014-03-21
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing that the block-sort optimization.
#


set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix orderby6

# Run all tests twice.  Once with a normal table and a second time
# with a WITHOUT ROWID table
#
foreach {tn rowidclause} {1 {} 2 {WITHOUT ROWID}} {

  # Construct a table with 1000 rows and a split primary key
  #
  reset_db
  do_test $tn.1 {
    db eval "CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,PRIMARY KEY(b,c)) $rowidclause;"
    db eval {
      WITH RECURSIVE
       cnt(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM cnt WHERE x<1000)
     INSERT INTO t1 SELECT x, x%40, x/40 FROM cnt;
    }
  } {}

  # Run various ORDER BY queries that can benefit from block-sort.
  # Compare the output to the same output using a full-sort enforced
  # by adding + to each term of the ORDER BY clause.
  #
  do_execsql_test $tn.2 {
    SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY b,a,c;
  } [db eval {SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY +b,+a,+c}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.3 {
    SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY b,c DESC,a;
  } [db eval {SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY +b,+c DESC,+a}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.4 {
    SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY b DESC,c,a;
  } [db eval {SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY +b DESC,+c,+a}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.5 {
    SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY b DESC,a,c;
  } [db eval {SELECT b,a,c FROM t1 ORDER BY +b DESC,+a,+c}]

  # LIMIT and OFFSET clauses on block-sort queries.
  #
  do_execsql_test $tn.11 {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY b, a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;
  } {840 880 920 960 1000 1 41 81 121 161}
  do_execsql_test $tn.11x {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY +b, a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;
  } {840 880 920 960 1000 1 41 81 121 161}

  do_execsql_test $tn.12 {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY b DESC, a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;
  } {839 879 919 959 999 38 78 118 158 198}
  do_execsql_test $tn.12 {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY +b DESC, a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20;
  } {839 879 919 959 999 38 78 118 158 198}

  do_execsql_test $tn.13 {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY b, a DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 45;
  } {161 121 81 41 1 962 922 882 842 802}
  do_execsql_test $tn.13x {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY +b, a DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 45;
  } {161 121 81 41 1 962 922 882 842 802}

  do_execsql_test $tn.14 {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY b DESC, a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 45;
  } {838 878 918 958 998 37 77 117 157 197}
  do_execsql_test $tn.14x {
    SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY +b DESC, a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 45;
  } {838 878 918 958 998 37 77 117 157 197}

  # Many test cases where the LIMIT+OFFSET window is in various
  # alignments with block-sort boundaries.
  #
  foreach {tx limit offset orderby} {
     1  10 24 {+b,+a}
     2  10 25 {+b,+a}
     3  10 26 {+b,+a}
     4  10 39 {+b,+a}
     5  10 40 {+b,+a}
     6  10 41 {+b,+a}
     7  27 24 {+b,+a}
     8  27 49 {+b,+a}
     11 10 24 {+b DESC,+a}
     12 10 25 {+b DESC,+a}
     13 10 26 {+b DESC,+a}
     14 10 39 {+b DESC,+a}
     15 10 40 {+b DESC,+a}
     16 10 41 {+b DESC,+a}
     17 27 24 {+b DESC,+a}
     18 27 49 {+b DESC,+a}
     21 10 24 {+b,+a DESC}
     22 10 25 {+b,+a DESC}
     23 10 26 {+b,+a DESC}
     24 10 39 {+b,+a DESC}
     25 10 40 {+b,+a DESC}
     26 10 41 {+b,+a DESC}
     27 27 24 {+b,+a DESC}
     28 27 49 {+b,+a DESC}
     31 10 24 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     32 10 25 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     33 10 26 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     34 10 39 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     35 10 40 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     36 10 41 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     37 27 24 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
     38 27 49 {+b DESC,+a DESC}
  } {
    set sql1 "SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY $orderby LIMIT $limit OFFSET $offset;"
    set sql2 [string map {+ {}} $sql1]
    # puts $sql2\n$sql1\n[db eval $sql2]
    do_test $tn.21.$tx {db eval $::sql2} [db eval $sql1]
  }

  ########################################################################
  # A second test table, t2, has many columns open to sorting.
  do_test $tn.31 {
    db eval "CREATE TABLE t2(a,b,c,d,e,f,PRIMARY KEY(b,c,d,e,f)) $rowidclause;"
    db eval {
      WITH RECURSIVE
       cnt(x) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM cnt WHERE x<242)
     INSERT INTO t2 SELECT x,  x%3, (x/3)%3, (x/9)%3, (x/27)%3, (x/81)%3
                      FROM cnt;
    }
  } {}

  do_execsql_test $tn.32 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d,e,f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.33 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d,e,+f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.34 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d,+e,+f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.35 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,+d,+e,+f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.36 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,+c,+d,+e,+f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f;}]

  do_execsql_test $tn.37 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d,e,f DESC;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f DESC;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.38 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d,e DESC,f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e DESC,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.39 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d DESC,e,f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d DESC,+e,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.40 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c DESC,d,e,f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c DESC,+d,+e,+f;}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.41 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b DESC,c,d,e,f;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b DESC,+c,+d,+e,+f;}]

  do_execsql_test $tn.42 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b DESC,c DESC,d,e,f LIMIT 31;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b DESC,+c DESC,+d,+e,+f LIMIT 31}]
  do_execsql_test $tn.43 {
    SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY b,c,d,e,f DESC LIMIT 8 OFFSET 7;
  } [db eval {SELECT a FROM t2 ORDER BY +b,+c,+d,+e,+f DESC LIMIT 8 OFFSET 7}]


}



finish_test

    sqlite3_bind_text(g.pStmt, 3, zNum, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
    speedtest1_run();
  }
  speedtest1_exec("COMMIT");
  speedtest1_end_test();


  n = 25;
  speedtest1_begin_test(130, "%d SELECTS, numeric BETWEEN, unindexed", n);
  speedtest1_exec("BEGIN");
  speedtest1_prepare(
    "SELECT count(*), avg(b), sum(length(c)) FROM t1\n"
    " WHERE b BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2; -- %d times", n
  );
  for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
    x1 = speedtest1_random()%maxb;
    x2 = speedtest1_random()%10 + sz/5000 + x1;
    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, x1);
    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, x2);
    speedtest1_run();
  }
  speedtest1_exec("COMMIT");
  speedtest1_end_test();


  n = 10;
  speedtest1_begin_test(140, "%d SELECTS, LIKE, unindexed", n);
  speedtest1_exec("BEGIN");
  speedtest1_prepare(
    "SELECT count(*), avg(b), sum(length(c)) FROM t1\n"
    " WHERE c LIKE ?1; -- %d times", n
  );
  for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
    x1 = speedtest1_random()%maxb;
    zNum[0] = '%';
    len = speedtest1_numbername(i, zNum+1, sizeof(zNum)-2);
    zNum[len] = '%';
    zNum[len+1] = 0;
    sqlite3_bind_text(g.pStmt, 1, zNum, len, SQLITE_STATIC);
    speedtest1_run();
  }
  speedtest1_exec("COMMIT");
  speedtest1_end_test();


  n = 10;
  speedtest1_begin_test(142, "%d SELECTS w/ORDER BY, unindexed", n);
  speedtest1_exec("BEGIN");
  speedtest1_prepare(
    "SELECT a, b, c FROM t1 WHERE c LIKE ?1\n"
    " ORDER BY a; -- %d times", n
  );
  for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
    x1 = speedtest1_random()%maxb;
    zNum[0] = '%';
    len = speedtest1_numbername(i, zNum+1, sizeof(zNum)-2);
    zNum[len] = '%';
    zNum[len+1] = 0;
    sqlite3_bind_text(g.pStmt, 1, zNum, len, SQLITE_STATIC);
    speedtest1_run();
  }
  speedtest1_exec("COMMIT");
  speedtest1_end_test();

  n = 10; //g.szTest/5;
  speedtest1_begin_test(145, "%d SELECTS w/ORDER BY and LIMIT, unindexed", n);
  speedtest1_exec("BEGIN");
  speedtest1_prepare(
    "SELECT a, b, c FROM t1 WHERE c LIKE ?1\n"
    " ORDER BY a LIMIT 10; -- %d times", n
  );
  for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
    x1 = speedtest1_random()%maxb;
    zNum[0] = '%';
    len = speedtest1_numbername(i, zNum+1, sizeof(zNum)-2);
    zNum[len] = '%';
    zNum[len+1] = 0;
    sqlite3_bind_text(g.pStmt, 1, zNum, len, SQLITE_STATIC);

# Tests for the xNextSystemCall method.
#
foreach s {
    open close access getcwd stat fstat ftruncate
    fcntl read pread write pwrite fchmod fallocate
    pread64 pwrite64 unlink openDirectory mkdir rmdir 
    statvfs fchown umask mmap munmap mremap
    getpagesize
} {
  if {[test_syscall exists $s]} {lappend syscall_list $s}
}
do_test 3.1 { lsort [test_syscall list] } [lsort $syscall_list]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This test verifies that if a call to open() fails and errno is set to

# 2014-03-24
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# 
# Tests to verify that arithmetic operators do not change the type of
# input operands.  Ticket [a8a0d2996a]
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix tkt-a8a0d2996a

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t(x,y);
  INSERT INTO t VALUES('1','1');
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x+0 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x-0 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 1.2 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x*1 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 1.3 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x/1 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 1.4 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x%4 AND y=='1';
} {text text}

do_execsql_test 2.0 {
  UPDATE t SET x='1xyzzy';
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x+0 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 2.1 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x-0 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 2.2 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x*1 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 2.3 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x/1 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 2.4 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x%4 AND y=='1';
} {text text}


do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  UPDATE t SET x='1.0';
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x+0 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 3.1 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x-0 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 3.2 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x*1 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 3.3 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x/1 AND y=='1';
} {text text}
do_execsql_test 3.4 {
  SELECT typeof(x), typeof(y) FROM t WHERE 1=x%4 AND y=='1';
} {text text}

do_execsql_test 4.0 {
  SELECT 1+1.;
} {2.0}
do_execsql_test 4.1 {
  SELECT '1.23e64'/'1.0000e+62';
} {123.0}
do_execsql_test 4.2 {
  SELECT '100x'+'-2y';
} {98}
do_execsql_test 4.3 {
  SELECT '100x'+'4.5y';
} {104.5}
do_execsql_test 4.4 {
  SELECT '-9223372036854775807x'-'1x';
} {-9.22337203685478e+18}
do_execsql_test 4.5 {
  SELECT '9223372036854775806x'+'1x';
} {9.22337203685478e+18}
do_execsql_test 4.6 {
  SELECT '1234x'/'10y';
} {123.4}

# This file tests interactions between the virtual table and
# shared-schema functionality.
#
# $Id: vtab_shared.test,v 1.3 2009/07/24 17:58:53 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix vtab_shared

ifcapable !vtab||!shared_cache {
  finish_test
  return
}

db close

    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(4, 5, 6);
    SELECT * FROM t3;
  }
} {1 2 3 4 5 6}

db close
db2 close

#---------------------------------------------------------------
# Test calling sqlite3_close() with vtabs on the disconnect list.
#
ifcapable rtree {
  reset_db
  do_test 2.1.1 {
    sqlite3 db  test.db
    sqlite3 db2 test.db
  
    # Create a virtual table using [db]. 
    execsql {
      CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt USING rtree(id, x1, x2);
      INSERT INTO rt VALUES(1, 2 ,3);
      SELECT * FROM rt;
    }
  
    # Drop the virtual table using [db2]. The sqlite3_vtab object belonging
    # to [db] is moved to the sqlite3.pDisconnect list.
    execsql { DROP TABLE rt } db2
  
    # Immediately close [db]. At one point this would fail due to the 
    # unfinalized statements held by the un-xDisconnect()ed sqlite3_vtab.
    db close
  } {}
  db2 close
}

ifcapable fts3 {
  # Same test as above, except using fts3 instead of rtree.
  reset_db
  do_test 2.2.1 {
    sqlite3 db  test.db
    sqlite3 db2 test.db
    execsql {
      CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ft USING fts3;
      INSERT INTO ft VALUES('hello world');
      SELECT * FROM ft;
    } 
    execsql { DROP TABLE ft } db2
    db close
  } {}
  db2 close
}

sqlite3_enable_shared_cache 0
finish_test

# 2010 April 13
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the operation of the library in
# "PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL" mode.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix wal64k

ifcapable !wal {finish_test ; return }

if {$tcl_platform(platform) != "unix"} {
  finish_test
  return
}

db close
test_syscall pagesize 65536
sqlite3 db test.db

do_execsql_test 1.0 { 
  PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL;
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(x);
} {wal}
do_test 1.1 { file size test.db-shm } {65536}

do_test 1.2 {
  execsql BEGIN
  while {[file size test.db-shm]==65536} {
    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES( randstr(900,1100) ) }
  }
  execsql COMMIT
  file size test.db-shm
} {131072}

integrity_check 1.3

db close
test_syscall pagesize -1
finish_test

do_eqp_test whereG-1.5 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {/.*track.*(composer.*album|album.*composer).*/}
do_execsql_test whereG-1.6 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND composer.cid=track.cid
     AND album.aid=track.aid;
} {{Mass in B Minor, BWV 232}}

do_eqp_test whereG-1.7 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND unlikely(composer.cid=track.cid)
     AND unlikely(album.aid=track.aid);
} {/.*track.*(composer.*album|album.*composer).*/}
do_execsql_test whereG-1.8 {
  SELECT DISTINCT aname
    FROM album, composer, track
   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
     AND unlikely(composer.cid=track.cid)
     AND unlikely(album.aid=track.aid);
} {{Mass in B Minor, BWV 232}}

do_execsql_test 7.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE y IN (
    WITH ss(x) AS ( VALUES(7) UNION ALL SELECT x+7 FROM ss WHERE x<49 )
    SELECT x FROM ss
  )
} {14 28 42}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# At one point the following was causing an assertion failure and a 
# memory leak.
#
do_execsql_test 8.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t7(y);
  INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(NULL);
  CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT * FROM t7 ORDER BY y;
}

do_execsql_test 8.2 {
  WITH q(a) AS (
    SELECT 1
    UNION 
    SELECT a+1 FROM q, v WHERE a<5
  )
  SELECT * FROM q;
} {1 2 3 4 5}

do_execsql_test 8.3 {
  WITH q(a) AS (
    SELECT 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT a+1 FROM q, v WHERE a<5
  )
  SELECT * FROM q;
} {1 2 3 4 5}


finish_test

** integers and LogEst values and back again and for doing simple
** arithmetic operations (multiple and add) on LogEst values.
**
** Usage:
**
**      ./LogEst ARGS
**
** See the showHelp() routine for a description of valid arguments.






** Examples:
**
** To convert 123 from LogEst to integer:
** 
**         ./LogEst ^123
**
** To convert 123456 from integer to LogEst:

  if( x<1.0 ) return -logEstFromDouble(1/x);
  if( x<1024.0 ) return logEstFromInteger((sqlite3_uint64)(1024.0*x)) - 100;
  if( x<=2000000000.0 ) return logEstFromInteger((sqlite3_uint64)x);
  memcpy(&a, &x, 8);
  e = (a>>52) - 1022;
  return e*10;
}

int isInteger(const char *z){
  while( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ) z++;
  return z[0]==0;

}

int isFloat(const char *z){
  char c;
  while( ((c=z[0])>='0' && c<='9') || c=='.' || c=='E' || c=='e'
          || c=='+' || c=='-'  ) z++;
  return z[0]==0;
}

static void showHelp(const char *zArgv0){
  printf("Usage: %s ARGS...\n", zArgv0);
  printf("Arguments:\n"
    "  NUM    Convert NUM from integer to LogEst and push onto the stack\n"
    " ^NUM    Interpret NUM as a LogEst and push onto stack\n"
    "  x      Multiple the top two elements of the stack\n"
    "  +      Add the top two elements of the stack\n"
    "  dup    Dupliate the top element on the stack\n"
    "  inv    Take the reciprocal of the top of stack.  N = 1/N.\n"
    "  log    Find the LogEst of the number on top of stack\n"
    "  nlogn  Compute NlogN where N is the top of stack\n"
  );
  exit(1);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv){
  int i;
  int n = 0;
  LogEst a[100];
  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    const char *z = argv[i];
    if( strcmp(z,"+")==0 ){
      if( n>=2 ){
        a[n-2] = logEstAdd(a[n-2],a[n-1]);
        n--;
      }
    }else if( strcmp(z,"x")==0 ){
      if( n>=2 ){
        a[n-2] = logEstMultiply(a[n-2],a[n-1]);
        n--;
      }
    }else if( strcmp(z,"dup")==0 ){
      if( n>0 ){
        a[n] = a[n-1];
        n++;
      }
    }else if( strcmp(z,"log")==0 ){
      if( n>0 ) a[n-1] = logEstFromInteger(a[n-1]) - 33;
    }else if( strcmp(z,"nlogn")==0 ){
      if( n>0 ) a[n-1] += logEstFromInteger(a[n-1]) - 33;
    }else if( strcmp(z,"inv")==0 ){
      if( n>0 ) a[n-1] = -a[n-1];
    }else if( z[0]=='^' ){
      a[n++] = atoi(z+1);
    }else if( isInteger(z) ){
      a[n++] = logEstFromInteger(atoi(z));
    }else if( isFloat(z) && z[0]!='-' ){
      a[n++] = logEstFromDouble(atof(z));
    }else{

      showHelp(argv[0]);
    }
  }
  for(i=n-1; i>=0; i--){
    if( a[i]<0 ){
      printf("%5d (%f)\n", a[i], 1.0/(double)logEstToInt(-a[i]));
    }else{
      sqlite3_uint64 x = logEstToInt(a[i]+100)*100/1024;
      printf("%5d (%lld.%02lld)\n", a[i], x/100, x%100);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}