** Entry 0 of the %_stat table is a blob containing (nCol+1) FTS3 
    ** varints, where nCol is the number of columns in the FTS3 table.
    ** The first varint is the number of documents currently stored in
    ** the table. The following nCol varints contain the total amount of
    ** data stored in all rows of each column of the table, from left
    ** to right.
    */
    int rc;
    Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
    sqlite3_int64 nDoc = 0;
    sqlite3_int64 nByte = 0;
    const char *pEnd;
    const char *a;

    ** Entry 0 of the %_stat table is a blob containing (nCol+1) FTS3 
    ** varints, where nCol is the number of columns in the FTS3 table.
    ** The first varint is the number of documents currently stored in
    ** the table. The following nCol varints contain the total amount of
    ** data stored in all rows of each column of the table, from left
    ** to right.
    */

    Fts3Table *p = (Fts3Table*)pCsr->base.pVtab;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
    sqlite3_int64 nDoc = 0;
    sqlite3_int64 nByte = 0;
    const char *pEnd;
    const char *a;

** expression must not refer to any non-deterministic function nor any
** table other than iCur.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
  return exprIsConst(p, 3, iCur);
}




























































/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression is constant
** or a function call with constant arguments.  Return and 0 if there
** are any variables.
**
** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is

** expression must not refer to any non-deterministic function nor any
** table other than iCur.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
  return exprIsConst(p, 3, iCur);
}


/*
** sqlite3WalkExpr() callback used by sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy().
*/
static int exprNodeIsConstantOrGroupBy(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  ExprList *pGroupBy = pWalker->u.pGroupBy;
  int i;

  /* Check if pExpr is identical to any GROUP BY term. If so, consider
  ** it constant.  */
  for(i=0; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *p = pGroupBy->a[i].pExpr;
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr, p, -1)<2 ){
      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWalker->pParse, p);
      if( pColl==0 || sqlite3_stricmp("BINARY", pColl->zName)==0 ){
        return WRC_Prune;
      }
    }
  }

  /* Check if pExpr is a sub-select. If so, consider it variable. */
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    pWalker->eCode = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }

  return exprNodeIsConstant(pWalker, pExpr);
}

/*
** Walk the expression tree passed as the first argument. Return non-zero
** if the expression consists entirely of constants or copies of terms 
** in pGroupBy that sort with the BINARY collation sequence.
**
** This routine is used to determine if a term of the HAVING clause can
** be promoted into the WHERE clause.  In order for such a promotion to work,
** the value of the HAVING clause term must be the same for all members of
** a "group".  The requirement that the GROUP BY term must be BINARY
** assumes that no other collating sequence will have a finer-grained
** grouping than binary.  In other words (A=B COLLATE binary) implies
** A=B in every other collating sequence.  The requirement that the
** GROUP BY be BINARY is stricter than necessary.  It would also work
** to promote HAVING clauses that use the same alternative collating
** sequence as the GROUP BY term, but that is much harder to check,
** alternative collating sequences are uncommon, and this is only an
** optimization, so we take the easy way out and simply require the
** GROUP BY to use the BINARY collating sequence.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, ExprList *pGroupBy){
  Walker w;
  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
  w.eCode = 1;
  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstantOrGroupBy;
  w.u.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
  w.pParse = pParse;
  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
  return w.eCode;
}

/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression is constant
** or a function call with constant arguments.  Return and 0 if there
** are any variables.
**
** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is

**
** EVIDENCE-OF: R-38799-08373 URI filenames can be enabled or disabled
** using the SQLITE_USE_URI=1 or SQLITE_USE_URI=0 compile-time options.
**
** EVIDENCE-OF: R-43642-56306 By default, URI handling is globally
** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
** SQLITE_USE_URI symbol defined.



*/
#ifndef SQLITE_USE_URI



# define  SQLITE_USE_URI 0

#endif

/* EVIDENCE-OF: R-38720-18127 The default setting is determined by the
** SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN compile-time option, or is "on" if
** that compile-time option is omitted.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN

**
** EVIDENCE-OF: R-38799-08373 URI filenames can be enabled or disabled
** using the SQLITE_USE_URI=1 or SQLITE_USE_URI=0 compile-time options.
**
** EVIDENCE-OF: R-43642-56306 By default, URI handling is globally
** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
** SQLITE_USE_URI symbol defined.
**
** URI filenames are enabled by default if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC is
** enabled.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_USE_URI
# ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
#  define SQLITE_USE_URI 1
# else
#  define SQLITE_USE_URI 0
# endif
#endif

/* EVIDENCE-OF: R-38720-18127 The default setting is determined by the
** SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN compile-time option, or is "on" if
** that compile-time option is omitted.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN

    /* Opening a db handle. Fourth parameter is passed 0. */
    void *pArg = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pSqllogArg;
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog(pArg, db, zFilename, 0);
  }
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){

    const char *zHexKey = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zOpen, "hexkey");
    if( zHexKey && zHexKey[0] ){
      u8 iByte;
      int i;
      char zKey[40];
      for(i=0, iByte=0; i<sizeof(zKey)*2 && sqlite3Isxdigit(zHexKey[i]); i++){
        iByte = (iByte<<4) + sqlite3HexToInt(zHexKey[i]);
        if( (i&1)!=0 ) zKey[i/2] = iByte;
      }


      sqlite3_key_v2(db, 0, zKey, i/2);
    }
  }
#endif
  sqlite3_free(zOpen);
  return rc & 0xff;
}

    /* Opening a db handle. Fourth parameter is passed 0. */
    void *pArg = sqlite3GlobalConfig.pSqllogArg;
    sqlite3GlobalConfig.xSqllog(pArg, db, zFilename, 0);
  }
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    const char *zKey;
    if( (zKey = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zOpen, "hexkey"))!=0 && zKey[0] ){;

      u8 iByte;
      int i;
      char zDecoded[40];
      for(i=0, iByte=0; i<sizeof(zDecoded)*2 && sqlite3Isxdigit(zKey[i]); i++){
        iByte = (iByte<<4) + sqlite3HexToInt(zKey[i]);
        if( (i&1)!=0 ) zDecoded[i/2] = iByte;
      }
      sqlite3_key_v2(db, 0, zDecoded, i/2);
    }else if( (zKey = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zOpen, "key"))!=0 ){
      sqlite3_key_v2(db, 0, zKey, sqlite3Strlen30(zKey));
    }
  }
#endif
  sqlite3_free(zOpen);
  return rc & 0xff;
}

        pParse->pVdbe, OP_Explain, pParse->iSelectId, 0, 0, zEqp, P4_DYNAMIC
    );
  }
}
#else
# define explainSimpleCount(a,b,c)
#endif


































































































/*
** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.  
**
** The results are returned according to the SelectDest structure.
** See comments in sqliteInt.h for further information.
**
................................................................................
      ** the content of this subquery.  pItem->addrFillSub will point
      ** to the address of the generated subroutine.  pItem->regReturn
      ** is a register allocated to hold the subroutine return address
      */
      int topAddr;
      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;


      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      if( pItem->fg.isCorrelated==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is not correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */
        onceAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
        VdbeComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }else{
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }




      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);

      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = pSub->nSelectRow;
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }
................................................................................
    sNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
    sAggInfo.mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
    if( pHaving ){





      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
    }
    sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
    for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr->x.pList);

        pParse->pVdbe, OP_Explain, pParse->iSelectId, 0, 0, zEqp, P4_DYNAMIC
    );
  }
}
#else
# define explainSimpleCount(a,b,c)
#endif

/*
** Context object for havingToWhereExprCb().
*/
struct HavingToWhereCtx {
  Expr **ppWhere;
  ExprList *pGroupBy;
};

/*
** sqlite3WalkExpr() callback used by havingToWhere().
**
** If the node passed to the callback is a TK_AND node, return 
** WRC_Continue to tell sqlite3WalkExpr() to iterate through child nodes.
**
** Otherwise, return WRC_Prune. In this case, also check if the 
** sub-expression matches the criteria for being moved to the WHERE
** clause. If so, add it to the WHERE clause and replace the sub-expression
** within the HAVING expression with a constant "1".
*/
static int havingToWhereExprCb(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AND ){
    struct HavingToWhereCtx *p = pWalker->u.pHavingCtx;
    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(pWalker->pParse, pExpr, p->pGroupBy) ){
      sqlite3 *db = pWalker->pParse->db;
      Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_INTEGER, &sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
      if( pNew ){
        Expr *pWhere = *(p->ppWhere);
        SWAP(Expr, *pNew, *pExpr);
        pNew = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pNew);
        *(p->ppWhere) = pNew;
      }
    }
    return WRC_Prune;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Transfer eligible terms from the HAVING clause of a query, which is
** processed after grouping, to the WHERE clause, which is processed before
** grouping. For example, the query:
**
**   SELECT * FROM <tables> WHERE a=? GROUP BY b HAVING b=? AND c=?
**
** can be rewritten as:
**
**   SELECT * FROM <tables> WHERE a=? AND b=? GROUP BY b HAVING c=?
**
** A term of the HAVING expression is eligible for transfer if it consists
** entirely of constants and expressions that are also GROUP BY terms that
** use the "BINARY" collation sequence.
*/
static void havingToWhere(
  Parse *pParse,
  ExprList *pGroupBy,
  Expr *pHaving, 
  Expr **ppWhere
){
  struct HavingToWhereCtx sCtx;
  Walker sWalker;

  sCtx.ppWhere = ppWhere;
  sCtx.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;

  memset(&sWalker, 0, sizeof(sWalker));
  sWalker.pParse = pParse;
  sWalker.xExprCallback = havingToWhereExprCb;
  sWalker.u.pHavingCtx = &sCtx;
  sqlite3WalkExpr(&sWalker, pHaving);
}

/*
** Check to see if the pThis entry of pTabList is a self-join of a prior view.
** If it is, then return the SrcList_item for the prior view.  If it is not,
** then return 0.
*/
static struct SrcList_item *isSelfJoinView(
  SrcList *pTabList,           /* Search for self-joins in this FROM clause */
  struct SrcList_item *pThis   /* Search for prior reference to this subquery */
){
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  for(pItem = pTabList->a; pItem<pThis; pItem++){
    if( pItem->pSelect==0 ) continue;
    if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine ) continue;
    if( pItem->zName==0 ) continue;
    if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zDatabase, pThis->zDatabase)!=0 ) continue;
    if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zName, pThis->zName)!=0 ) continue;
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pItem->pSelect->pWhere, -1) ){
      /* The view was modified by some other optimization such as
      ** pushDownWhereTerms() */
      continue;
    }
    return pItem;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.  
**
** The results are returned according to the SelectDest structure.
** See comments in sqliteInt.h for further information.
**
................................................................................
      ** the content of this subquery.  pItem->addrFillSub will point
      ** to the address of the generated subroutine.  pItem->regReturn
      ** is a register allocated to hold the subroutine return address
      */
      int topAddr;
      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;
      struct SrcList_item *pPrior;

      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      if( pItem->fg.isCorrelated==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is not correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */
        onceAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
        VdbeComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }else{
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }
      pPrior = isSelfJoinView(pTabList, pItem);
      if( pPrior ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pItem->iCursor, pPrior->iCursor);
      }else{
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
        explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
        sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      }
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = pSub->nSelectRow;
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }
................................................................................
    sNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
    sAggInfo.mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
    if( pHaving ){
      if( pGroupBy ){
        assert( pWhere==p->pWhere );
        havingToWhere(pParse, pGroupBy, pHaving, &p->pWhere);
        pWhere = p->pWhere;
      }
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
    }
    sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
    for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr->x.pList);

    u64 s[25];                /* Keccak state. 5x5 lines of 64 bits each */
    unsigned char x[1600];    /* ... or 1600 bytes */
  } u;
  unsigned nRate;        /* Bytes of input accepted per Keccak iteration */
  unsigned nLoaded;      /* Input bytes loaded into u.x[] so far this cycle */
  unsigned ixMask;       /* Insert next input into u.x[nLoaded^ixMask]. */
};





/*
** A single step of the Keccak mixing function for a 1600-bit state
*/
static void KeccakF1600Step(SHA3Context *p){
  int i;
  u64 B0, B1, B2, B3, B4;

    u64 s[25];                /* Keccak state. 5x5 lines of 64 bits each */
    unsigned char x[1600];    /* ... or 1600 bytes */
  } u;
  unsigned nRate;        /* Bytes of input accepted per Keccak iteration */
  unsigned nLoaded;      /* Input bytes loaded into u.x[] so far this cycle */
  unsigned ixMask;       /* Insert next input into u.x[nLoaded^ixMask]. */
};

/* Allow the following routine to use the B0 variable, which is also
** a macro in the termios.h header file */
#undef B0

/*
** A single step of the Keccak mixing function for a 1600-bit state
*/
static void KeccakF1600Step(SHA3Context *p){
  int i;
  u64 B0, B1, B2, B3, B4;

** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the

** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
** integers where the first integer is the new retry count and the second
** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the

  Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
  int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
  int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
  void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
  int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
  u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
  union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
    NameContext *pNC;                          /* Naming context */
    int n;                                     /* A counter */
    int iCur;                                  /* A cursor number */
    SrcList *pSrcList;                         /* FROM clause */
    struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;                /* Counting column references */
    struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;                /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
    int *aiCol;                                /* array of column indexes */
    struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;                /* Check for index coverage */
    struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;            /* Convert indexed expr to column */


  } u;
};

/* Forward declarations */
int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
................................................................................
void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);

int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
#endif
int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);

  Parse *pParse;                            /* Parser context.  */
  int (*xExprCallback)(Walker*, Expr*);     /* Callback for expressions */
  int (*xSelectCallback)(Walker*,Select*);  /* Callback for SELECTs */
  void (*xSelectCallback2)(Walker*,Select*);/* Second callback for SELECTs */
  int walkerDepth;                          /* Number of subqueries */
  u8 eCode;                                 /* A small processing code */
  union {                                   /* Extra data for callback */
    NameContext *pNC;                         /* Naming context */
    int n;                                    /* A counter */
    int iCur;                                 /* A cursor number */
    SrcList *pSrcList;                        /* FROM clause */
    struct SrcCount *pSrcCount;               /* Counting column references */
    struct CCurHint *pCCurHint;               /* Used by codeCursorHint() */
    int *aiCol;                               /* array of column indexes */
    struct IdxCover *pIdxCover;               /* Check for index coverage */
    struct IdxExprTrans *pIdxTrans;           /* Convert indexed expr to column */
    ExprList *pGroupBy;                       /* GROUP BY clause */
    struct HavingToWhereCtx *pHavingCtx;      /* HAVING to WHERE clause ctx */
  } u;
};

/* Forward declarations */
int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker*, Expr*);
int sqlite3WalkExprList(Walker*, ExprList*);
int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker*, Select*);
................................................................................
void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
#endif
int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);

    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, argv[1], &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
  sqlite3_interrupt(db);
  return TCL_OK;
}

static u8 *sqlite3_stack_baseline = 0;

/*
** Fill the stack with a known bitpattern.
*/
static void prepStack(void){
  int i;
  u32 bigBuf[65536];
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(bigBuf)/sizeof(bigBuf[0]); i++) bigBuf[i] = 0xdeadbeef;
  sqlite3_stack_baseline = (u8*)&bigBuf[65536];
}

/*
** Get the current stack depth.  Used for debugging only.
*/
u64 sqlite3StackDepth(void){
  u8 x;
  return (u64)(sqlite3_stack_baseline - &x);
}

/*
** Usage:  sqlite3_stack_used DB SQL
**
** Try to measure the amount of stack space used by a call to sqlite3_exec
*/
static int SQLITE_TCLAPI test_stack_used(
  void * clientData,
  Tcl_Interp *interp,
  int argc,
  char **argv
){
  sqlite3 *db;
  int i;
  if( argc!=3 ){
    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"", argv[0], 
        " DB SQL", 0);
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, argv[1], &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
  prepStack();
  (void)sqlite3_exec(db, argv[2], 0, 0, 0);
  for(i=65535; i>=0 && ((u32*)sqlite3_stack_baseline)[-i]==0xdeadbeef; i--){}
  Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewIntObj(i*4));
  return TCL_OK;
}

/*
** Usage: sqlite_delete_function DB function-name
**
** Delete the user function 'function-name' from database handle DB. It
** is assumed that the user function was created as UTF8, any number of
** arguments (the way the TCL interface does it).
*/
................................................................................
     { "sqlite3_key",                   (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_key              },
     { "sqlite3_rekey",                 (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_rekey            },
     { "sqlite_set_magic",              (Tcl_CmdProc*)sqlite_set_magic      },
     { "sqlite3_interrupt",             (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_interrupt        },
     { "sqlite_delete_function",        (Tcl_CmdProc*)delete_function       },
     { "sqlite_delete_collation",       (Tcl_CmdProc*)delete_collation      },
     { "sqlite3_get_autocommit",        (Tcl_CmdProc*)get_autocommit        },
     { "sqlite3_stack_used",            (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_stack_used       },
     { "sqlite3_busy_timeout",          (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_busy_timeout     },
     { "printf",                        (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_printf           },
     { "sqlite3IoTrace",              (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_io_trace         },
     { "clang_sanitize_address",        (Tcl_CmdProc*)clang_sanitize_address },
  };
  static struct {
     char *zName;

    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, argv[1], &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
  sqlite3_interrupt(db);
  return TCL_OK;
}















































/*
** Usage: sqlite_delete_function DB function-name
**
** Delete the user function 'function-name' from database handle DB. It
** is assumed that the user function was created as UTF8, any number of
** arguments (the way the TCL interface does it).
*/
................................................................................
     { "sqlite3_key",                   (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_key              },
     { "sqlite3_rekey",                 (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_rekey            },
     { "sqlite_set_magic",              (Tcl_CmdProc*)sqlite_set_magic      },
     { "sqlite3_interrupt",             (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_interrupt        },
     { "sqlite_delete_function",        (Tcl_CmdProc*)delete_function       },
     { "sqlite_delete_collation",       (Tcl_CmdProc*)delete_collation      },
     { "sqlite3_get_autocommit",        (Tcl_CmdProc*)get_autocommit        },

     { "sqlite3_busy_timeout",          (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_busy_timeout     },
     { "printf",                        (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_printf           },
     { "sqlite3IoTrace",              (Tcl_CmdProc*)test_io_trace         },
     { "clang_sanitize_address",        (Tcl_CmdProc*)clang_sanitize_address },
  };
  static struct {
     char *zName;

      memcpy(pValue, &u, 4);
      return 1;
    }else{
      return 0;
    }
  }
#endif

  while( zNum[0]=='0' ) zNum++;
  for(i=0; i<11 && (c = zNum[i] - '0')>=0 && c<=9; i++){
    v = v*10 + c;
  }

  /* The longest decimal representation of a 32 bit integer is 10 digits:
  **

      memcpy(pValue, &u, 4);
      return 1;
    }else{
      return 0;
    }
  }
#endif
  if( !sqlite3Isdigit(zNum[0]) ) return 0;
  while( zNum[0]=='0' ) zNum++;
  for(i=0; i<11 && (c = zNum[i] - '0')>=0 && c<=9; i++){
    v = v*10 + c;
  }

  /* The longest decimal representation of a 32 bit integer is 10 digits:
  **

  testcase( pOp->p2 & OPFLAG_SEEKEQ );
#endif
  sqlite3BtreeCursorHintFlags(pCur->uc.pCursor,
                               (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_BULKCSR|OPFLAG_SEEKEQ)));
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  break;
}
































/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 * P4 P5
** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
**
** Open a new cursor P1 to a transient table.
** The cursor is always opened read/write even if 
** the main database is read-only.  The ephemeral

  testcase( pOp->p2 & OPFLAG_SEEKEQ );
#endif
  sqlite3BtreeCursorHintFlags(pCur->uc.pCursor,
                               (pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_BULKCSR|OPFLAG_SEEKEQ)));
  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: OpenDup P1 P2 * * *
**
** Open a new cursor P1 that points to the same ephemeral table as
** cursor P2.  The P2 cursor must have been opened by a prior OP_OpenEphemeral
** opcode.  Only ephemeral cursors may be duplicated.
**
** Duplicate ephemeral cursors are used for self-joins of materialized views.
*/
case OP_OpenDup: {
  VdbeCursor *pOrig;    /* The original cursor to be duplicated */
  VdbeCursor *pCx;      /* The new cursor */

  pOrig = p->apCsr[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOrig->pBtx!=0 );  /* Only ephemeral cursors can be duplicated */

  pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOrig->nField, -1, CURTYPE_BTREE);
  if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pCx->nullRow = 1;
  pCx->isEphemeral = 1;
  pCx->pKeyInfo = pOrig->pKeyInfo;
  pCx->isTable = pOrig->isTable;
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCursor(pOrig->pBtx, MASTER_ROOT, BTREE_WRCSR,
                          pCx->pKeyInfo, pCx->uc.pCursor);
  /* The sqlite3BtreeCursor() routine can only fail for the first cursor
  ** opened for a database.  Since there is already an open cursor when this
  ** opcode is run, the sqlite3BtreeCursor() cannot fail */
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
  break;
}


/* Opcode: OpenEphemeral P1 P2 * P4 P5
** Synopsis: nColumn=P2
**
** Open a new cursor P1 to a transient table.
** The cursor is always opened read/write even if 
** the main database is read-only.  The ephemeral

  assert( pCx->pBtx==0 || pCx->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
  switch( pCx->eCurType ){
    case CURTYPE_SORTER: {
      sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(p->db, pCx);
      break;
    }
    case CURTYPE_BTREE: {
      if( pCx->pBtx ){
        sqlite3BtreeClose(pCx->pBtx);
        /* The pCx->pCursor will be close automatically, if it exists, by
        ** the call above. */
      }else{
        assert( pCx->uc.pCursor!=0 );
        sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(pCx->uc.pCursor);
      }
      break;

  assert( pCx->pBtx==0 || pCx->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
  switch( pCx->eCurType ){
    case CURTYPE_SORTER: {
      sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(p->db, pCx);
      break;
    }
    case CURTYPE_BTREE: {
      if( pCx->isEphemeral ){
        if( pCx->pBtx ) sqlite3BtreeClose(pCx->pBtx);
        /* The pCx->pCursor will be close automatically, if it exists, by
        ** the call above. */
      }else{
        assert( pCx->uc.pCursor!=0 );
        sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(pCx->uc.pCursor);
      }
      break;

# 2017 April 30
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# Test the HAVING->WHERE optimization.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix having

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t2(c, d);

  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 1);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 3);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 4);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 5);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 6);
} {}

foreach {tn sql res} {
  1 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a HAVING a=2" {2 12}
  2 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a HAVING a=2 AND sum(b)>10" {2 12}
  3 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a HAVING sum(b)>12" {}
} {
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn $sql $res
}

# Run an EXPLAIN command for both SQL statements. Return true if 
# the outputs are identical, or false otherwise.
#
proc compare_vdbe {sql1 sql2} {
  set r1 [list]
  set r2 [list]
  db eval "explain $sql1" { lappend r1 $opcode $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5}
  db eval "explain $sql2" { lappend r2 $opcode $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5}
  return [expr {$r1==$r2}]
}

proc do_compare_vdbe_test {tn sql1 sql2 res} {
  uplevel [list do_test $tn [list compare_vdbe $sql1 $sql2] $res]
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that various statements that are eligible for the optimization
# produce the same VDBE code as optimizing by hand does.
#
foreach {tn sql1 sql2} {
  1 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a HAVING a=2"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE a=2 GROUP BY a"

  2 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a HAVING sum(b)>5 AND a=2"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE a=2 GROUP BY a HAVING sum(b)>5"

  3 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a COLLATE binary HAVING a=2"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE a=2 GROUP BY a COLLATE binary"

  4 {
      SELECT x,y FROM (
        SELECT a AS x, sum(b) AS y FROM t1 
        GROUP BY a
      ) WHERE x BETWEEN 8888 AND 9999
    } {
      SELECT x,y FROM (
        SELECT a AS x, sum(b) AS y FROM t1 
        WHERE x BETWEEN 8888 AND 9999 
        GROUP BY a
      )
    }

  5 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a COLLATE binary HAVING 0"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE 0 GROUP BY a COLLATE binary"

  6 "SELECT count(*) FROM t1,t2 WHERE a=c GROUP BY b, d HAVING b=d"
    "SELECT count(*) FROM t1,t2 WHERE a=c AND b=d GROUP BY b, d"

  7 {
      SELECT count(*) FROM t1,t2 WHERE a=c GROUP BY b, d 
      HAVING b=d COLLATE nocase
    } {
      SELECT count(*) FROM t1,t2 WHERE a=c AND b=d COLLATE nocase 
      GROUP BY b, d
    }

  8 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a||b HAVING substr(a||b, 1, 1)='a'"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE substr(a||b, 1, 1)='a' GROUP BY a||b"
} {
  do_compare_vdbe_test 2.$tn $sql1 $sql2 1
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 1: Test that the optimization is only applied if the GROUP BY term
#    uses BINARY collation.
#
# 2: Not applied if there is a non-deterministic function in the HAVING
#    term.
#
foreach {tn sql1 sql2} {
  1 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a COLLATE nocase HAVING a=2"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE a=2 GROUP BY a COLLATE nocase"

  2 "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 GROUP BY a HAVING randomblob(a)<X'88'"
    "SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t1 WHERE randomblob(a)<X'88' GROUP BY a"
} {
  do_compare_vdbe_test 3.$tn $sql1 $sql2 0
}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that non-deterministic functions disqualify a term from being
# moved from the HAVING to WHERE clause.
#
do_execsql_test 4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(a, b);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1, 1);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1, 3);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2, 1);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2, 2);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2, 3);
}

proc nondeter {args} {
  incr ::nondeter_ret
  expr {$::nondeter_ret % 2}
}
db func nondeter nondeter

set ::nondeter_ret 0
do_execsql_test 4.2 {
  SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t3 GROUP BY a HAVING nondeter(a)
} {1 6}

# If the term where moved, the query above would return the same
# result as the following. But it does not.
#
set ::nondeter_ret 0
do_execsql_test 4.3 {
  SELECT a, sum(b) FROM t3 WHERE nondeter(a) GROUP BY a
} {1 4 2 2}


finish_test