SQLite

  va_start(ap,zFormat);
  z = base_vprintf(0, 0, zBuf, n, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return z;
}

#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/*
** A version of printf() that understands %lld.  Used for debugging.
** The printf() built into some versions of windows does not understand %lld
** and segfaults if you give it a long long int.
*/
void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used to translate between UTF-8, 
** UTF-16, UTF-16BE, and UTF-16LE.
**
** $Id: utf.c,v 1.23 2004/06/22 22:04:46 drh Exp $
**
** Notes on UTF-8:
**
**   Byte-0    Byte-1    Byte-2    Byte-3    Value
**  0xxxxxxx                                 00000000 00000000 0xxxxxxx
**  110yyyyy  10xxxxxx                       00000000 00000yyy yyxxxxxx
**  1110zzzz  10yyyyyy  10xxxxxx             00000000 zzzzyyyy yyxxxxxx

      while( zIn<zTerm ){
        READ_UTF16BE(zIn, c); 
        WRITE_UTF8(z, c);
      }
      WRITE_UTF8(z, 0);
      pMem->n = (z-zOut)-1;
    }
    assert( pMem->n+1<=len );
  }

  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Static|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem|MEM_Short);
  pMem->enc = desiredEnc;
  if( (char *)zOut==pMem->zShort ){
    pMem->flags |= (MEM_Term|MEM_Short);

  i64 i;              /* Integer value */
  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, including '\0' */
  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
  u8  type;           /* One of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, etc. */
  u8  enc;            /* TEXT_Utf8, TEXT_Utf16le, or TEXT_Utf16be */
  double r;           /* Real value */
  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */

  void (*xDel)(void *);  /* If not null, call this function to delete Mem.z */
  char zShort[NBFS];  /* Space for short strings */
};
typedef struct Mem Mem;

/*
** A sorter builds a list of elements to be sorted.  Each element of
** the list is an instance of the following structure.
*/

      }
    }
  }else{
    /* String or blob */
    assert( serial_type>=12 );
    pMem->z = (char *)buf;
    pMem->n = len;
    pMem->xDel = 0;
    if( serial_type&0x01 ){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Str | MEM_Ephem;
    }else{
      pMem->flags = MEM_Blob | MEM_Ephem;
    }
  }
  return len;