SQLite

         memdb.lo memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo parse.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo sqlite3rbu.lo status.lo stmt.lo \
         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo treeview.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo upsert.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbe.lo vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo wherecode.lo whereexpr.lo \
         utf.lo vtab.lo

# Object files for the amalgamation.
#
LIBOBJS1 = sqlite3.lo

  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/treeview.c \
  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/update.c \
  $(TOP)/src/upsert.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.h \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeblob.c \

trigger.lo:	$(TOP)/src/trigger.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/trigger.c

update.lo:	$(TOP)/src/update.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/update.c

upsert.lo:	$(TOP)/src/upsert.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/upsert.c

utf.lo:	$(TOP)/src/utf.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/utf.c

util.lo:	$(TOP)/src/util.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/util.c

vacuum.lo:	$(TOP)/src/vacuum.c $(HDR)

         memdb.lo memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo sqlite3rbu.lo status.lo \
         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo treeview.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo upsert.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo wherecode.lo whereexpr.lo \
         utf.lo vtab.lo
# <</mark>>

# Object files for the amalgamation.
#

  $(TOP)\src\threads.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)\src\treeview.c \
  $(TOP)\src\trigger.c \
  $(TOP)\src\utf.c \
  $(TOP)\src\update.c \
  $(TOP)\src\upsert.c \
  $(TOP)\src\util.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeblob.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbemem.c \

$(SQLITE3DLL):	$(LIBOBJ) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(CORE_LINK_DEP)
	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) /DLL $(CORE_LINK_OPTS) /OUT:$@ $(LIBOBJ) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)

# <<block2>>
sqlite3.def:	libsqlite3.lib
	echo EXPORTS > sqlite3.def
	dumpbin /all libsqlite3.lib \
		| $(TCLSH_CMD) $(TOP)\tool\replace.tcl include "^\s+1 _?(sqlite3(?:session|changeset|changegroup|rebaser)?_[^@]*)(?:@\d+)?$$" \1 \
		| sort >> sqlite3.def
# <</block2>>

$(SQLITE3EXE):	shell.c $(SHELL_CORE_DEP) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(SHELL_CORE_SRC) $(SQLITE3H)
	$(LTLINK) $(SHELL_COMPILE_OPTS) $(READLINE_FLAGS) shell.c $(SHELL_CORE_SRC) \
		/link $(SQLITE3EXEPDB) $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(SHELL_LINK_OPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LIBREADLINE) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)

trigger.lo:	$(TOP)\src\trigger.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\trigger.c

update.lo:	$(TOP)\src\update.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\update.c

upsert.lo:	$(TOP)\src\upsert.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\upsert.c

utf.lo:	$(TOP)\src\utf.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\utf.c

util.lo:	$(TOP)\src\util.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\util.c

vacuum.lo:	$(TOP)\src\vacuum.c $(HDR)

3.24.0

AM_CFLAGS = @THREADSAFE_FLAGS@ @DYNAMIC_EXTENSION_FLAGS@ @FTS5_FLAGS@ @JSON1_FLAGS@ @ZLIB_FLAGS@ @SESSION_FLAGS@ -DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 -DSQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE @DEBUG_FLAGS@

lib_LTLIBRARIES = libsqlite3.la
libsqlite3_la_SOURCES = sqlite3.c
libsqlite3_la_LDFLAGS = -no-undefined -version-info 8:6:8

bin_PROGRAMS = sqlite3
sqlite3_SOURCES = shell.c sqlite3.h

Replace.exe:
	$(CSC) /target:exe $(TOP)\Replace.cs

sqlite3.def:	Replace.exe $(LIBOBJ)
	echo EXPORTS > sqlite3.def
	dumpbin /all $(LIBOBJ) \
		| .\Replace.exe "^\s+/EXPORT:_?(sqlite3(?:session|changeset|changegroup|rebaser)?_[^@,]*)(?:@\d+|,DATA)?$$" $$1 true \
		| sort >> sqlite3.def

$(SQLITE3EXE):	shell.c $(SHELL_CORE_DEP) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(SHELL_CORE_SRC) $(SQLITE3H)
	$(LTLINK) $(SHELL_COMPILE_OPTS) $(READLINE_FLAGS) shell.c $(SHELL_CORE_SRC) \
		/link $(SQLITE3EXEPDB) $(LDFLAGS) $(LTLINKOPTS) $(SHELL_LINK_OPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LIBREADLINE) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)

AC_SUBST(DYNAMIC_EXTENSION_FLAGS)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#   --enable-fts5
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(fts5, [AS_HELP_STRING(
  [--enable-fts5], [include fts5 support [default=yes]])], 
  [], [enable_fts5=yes])
if test x"$enable_fts5" = "xyes"; then
  AC_SEARCH_LIBS(log, m)
  FTS5_FLAGS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
fi
AC_SUBST(FTS5_FLAGS)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#   --enable-json1
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(json1, [AS_HELP_STRING(
  [--enable-json1], [include json1 support [default=yes]])], 
  [], [enable_json1=yes])
if test x"$enable_json1" = "xyes"; then
  JSON1_FLAGS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
fi
AC_SUBST(JSON1_FLAGS)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#   --enable-session
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(session, [AS_HELP_STRING(
  [--enable-session], [enable the session extension [default=no]])], 
  [], [enable_session=no])
if test x"$enable_session" = "xyes"; then
  SESSION_FLAGS="-DSQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION -DSQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK"
fi
AC_SUBST(SESSION_FLAGS)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#   --enable-debug
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(debug, [AS_HELP_STRING(
  [--enable-debug], [build with debugging features enabled [default=no]])], 
  [], [enable_session=no])
if test x"$enable_debug" = "xyes"; then
  DEBUG_FLAGS="-DSQLITE_DEBUG -DSQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE -DSQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE"
fi
AC_SUBST(DEBUG_FLAGS)
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#   --enable-static-shell
#
AC_ARG_ENABLE(static-shell, [AS_HELP_STRING(
  [--enable-static-shell], 
  [statically link libsqlite3 into shell tool [default=yes]])], 

#! /bin/sh
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for sqlite 3.24.0.
#
#
# Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
#
# This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
# gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.

subdirs=
MFLAGS=
MAKEFLAGS=

# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='sqlite'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='sqlite'
PACKAGE_VERSION='3.24.0'
PACKAGE_STRING='sqlite 3.24.0'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT=''
PACKAGE_URL=''

# Factoring default headers for most tests.
ac_includes_default="\
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TYPES_H

#
# Report the --help message.
#
if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
  # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
  # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
  cat <<_ACEOF
\`configure' configures sqlite 3.24.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

  --build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
_ACEOF
fi

if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
  case $ac_init_help in
     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of sqlite 3.24.0:";;
   esac
  cat <<\_ACEOF

Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

    cd "$ac_pwd" || { ac_status=$?; break; }
  done
fi

test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
  cat <<\_ACEOF
sqlite configure 3.24.0
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69

Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This configure script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
_ACEOF
  exit

  eval $as_lineno_stack; ${as_lineno_stack:+:} unset as_lineno

} # ac_fn_c_check_header_mongrel
cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

It was created by sqlite $as_me 3.24.0, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was

  $ $0 $@

_ACEOF
exec 5>>config.log
{

test $as_write_fail = 0 && chmod +x $CONFIG_STATUS || ac_write_fail=1

cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
# Save the log message, to keep $0 and so on meaningful, and to
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
This file was extended by sqlite $as_me 3.24.0, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was

  CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
  CONFIG_HEADERS  = $CONFIG_HEADERS
  CONFIG_LINKS    = $CONFIG_LINKS
  CONFIG_COMMANDS = $CONFIG_COMMANDS
  $ $0 $@

Report bugs to the package provider."

_ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`"
ac_cs_version="\\
sqlite config.status 3.24.0
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69,
  with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"

Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This config.status script is free software; the Free Software Foundation
gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it."

As of this writing, the following command-line options are supported:
<ul>
<li><b>-b</b>
Show only the basis for each parser state in the report file.
<li><b>-c</b>
Do not compress the generated action tables.  The parser will be a
little larger and slower, but it will detect syntax errors sooner.
<li><b>-d</b><i>directory</i>
Write all output files into <i>directory</i>.  Normally, output files
are written into the directory that contains the input grammar file.
<li><b>-D<i>name</i></b>
Define C preprocessor macro <i>name</i>.  This macro is usable by
"<tt><a href='#pifdef'>%ifdef</a></tt>" and
"<tt><a href='#pifdef'>%ifndef</a></tt>" lines
in the grammar file.
<li><b>-g</b>
Do not generate a parser.  Instead write the input grammar to standard

</pre></p>

<p>Then the Parse() function generated will have an 4th parameter
of type "MyStruct*" and all action routines will have access to
a variable named "pAbc" that is the value of the 4th parameter
in the most recent call to Parse().</p>

<p>The <tt>%extra_context</tt> directive works the same except that it
is passed in on the ParseAlloc() or ParseInit() routines instead of
on Parse().

<a name='extractx'></a>
<h4>The <tt>%extra_context</tt> directive</h4>

The <tt>%extra_context</tt> directive instructs Lemon to add a 2th parameter
to the parameter list of the ParseAlloc() and ParseInif() functions.  Lemon
doesn't do anything itself with these extra argument, but it does
store the value make it available to C-code action routines, destructors,
and so forth.  For example, if the grammar file contains:</p>

<p><pre>
    %extra_context { MyStruct *pAbc }
</pre></p>

<p>Then the ParseAlloc() and ParseInit() functions will have an 2th parameter
of type "MyStruct*" and all action routines will have access to
a variable named "pAbc" that is the value of that 2th parameter.</p>

<p>The <tt>%extra_argument</tt> directive works the same except that it
is passed in on the Parse() routine instead of on ParseAlloc()/ParseInit().

<a name='pfallback'></a>
<h4>The <tt>%fallback</tt> directive</h4>

<p>The <tt>%fallback</tt> directive specifies an alternative meaning for one
or more tokens.  The alternative meaning is tried if the original token
would have generated a syntax error.</p>

  eval $setup


do_setup_rec_test $tn.1 { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c) } {
  SELECT * FROM t1
} {
  (no new indexes)
  SCAN TABLE t1
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b>?;
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_00000062 ON t1(b);
  SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1_idx_00000062 (b>?)
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.3 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b COLLATE nocase BETWEEN ? AND ?
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_3e094c27 ON t1(b COLLATE NOCASE);
  SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1_idx_3e094c27 (b>? AND b<?)
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.4 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY b;
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_00000062 ON t1(b);
  SCAN TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1_idx_00000062
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.5 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a=? ORDER BY b;
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_000123a7 ON t1(a, b);
  SEARCH TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1_idx_000123a7 (a=?)
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.6 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT min(a) FROM t1
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_00000061 ON t1(a);
  SEARCH TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1_idx_00000061
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.7 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a, b, c;
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_033e95fe ON t1(a, b, c);
  SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1_idx_033e95fe
}

#do_setup_rec_test $tn.1.8 {
#  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
#} {
#  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a ASC, b COLLATE nocase DESC, c ASC;
#} {
#  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_5be6e222 ON t1(a, b COLLATE NOCASE DESC, c);
#  0|0|0|SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1_idx_5be6e222
#}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.8.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a COLLATE NOCase, b, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=?
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_00000061 ON t1(a);
  SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1_idx_00000061 (a=?)
}
do_setup_rec_test $tn.8.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b COLLATE nocase, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a ASC, b DESC, c ASC;
} {
  CREATE INDEX t1_idx_5cb97285 ON t1(a, b DESC, c);
  SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1_idx_5cb97285
}


# Tables with names that require quotes.
#
do_setup_rec_test $tn.9.1 {
  CREATE TABLE "t t"(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM "t t" WHERE a=?
} {
  CREATE INDEX 't t_idx_00000061' ON 't t'(a);
  SEARCH TABLE t t USING INDEX t t_idx_00000061 (a=?) 
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.9.2 {
  CREATE TABLE "t t"(a, b, c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM "t t" WHERE b BETWEEN ? AND ?
} {
  CREATE INDEX 't t_idx_00000062' ON 't t'(b);
  SEARCH TABLE t t USING INDEX t t_idx_00000062 (b>? AND b<?)
}

# Columns with names that require quotes.
#
do_setup_rec_test $tn.10.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(a, "b b", c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE "b b" = ?
} {
  CREATE INDEX t3_idx_00050c52 ON t3('b b');
  SEARCH TABLE t3 USING INDEX t3_idx_00050c52 (b b=?)
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.10.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t3(a, "b b", c);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t3 ORDER BY "b b"
} {
  CREATE INDEX t3_idx_00050c52 ON t3('b b');
  SCAN TABLE t3 USING INDEX t3_idx_00050c52
}

# Transitive constraints
#
do_setup_rec_test $tn.11.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t5(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t6(c, d);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t5, t6 WHERE a=? AND b=c AND c=?
} {
  CREATE INDEX t5_idx_000123a7 ON t5(a, b);
  CREATE INDEX t6_idx_00000063 ON t6(c);
  SEARCH TABLE t6 USING INDEX t6_idx_00000063 (c=?) 
  SEARCH TABLE t5 USING COVERING INDEX t5_idx_000123a7 (a=? AND b=?)
}

# OR terms.
#
do_setup_rec_test $tn.12.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t7(a, b);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t7 WHERE a=? OR b=?
} {
  CREATE INDEX t7_idx_00000062 ON t7(b);
  CREATE INDEX t7_idx_00000061 ON t7(a);
  MULTI-INDEX OR
    SEARCH TABLE t7 USING INDEX t7_idx_00000061 (a=?) 
    SEARCH TABLE t7 USING INDEX t7_idx_00000062 (b=?)
}

# rowid terms.
#
do_setup_rec_test $tn.13.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t8(a, b);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t8 WHERE rowid=?
} {
  (no new indexes)
  SEARCH TABLE t8 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}
do_setup_rec_test $tn.13.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t8(a, b);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t8 ORDER BY rowid
} {
  (no new indexes)
  SCAN TABLE t8
}
do_setup_rec_test $tn.13.3 {
  CREATE TABLE t8(a, b);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t8 WHERE a=? ORDER BY rowid
} {
  CREATE INDEX t8_idx_00000061 ON t8(a); 
  SEARCH TABLE t8 USING INDEX t8_idx_00000061 (a=?)
}

# Triggers
#
do_setup_rec_test $tn.14 {
  CREATE TABLE t9(a, b, c);
  CREATE TABLE t10(a, b, c);
  CREATE TRIGGER t9t AFTER INSERT ON t9 BEGIN
    UPDATE t10 SET a=new.a WHERE b = new.b;
  END;
} {
  INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(?, ?, ?);
} {
  CREATE INDEX t10_idx_00000062 ON t10(b); 
  -- TRIGGER t9t
  SEARCH TABLE t10 USING INDEX t10_idx_00000062 (b=?)
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.15 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(c, d);

  WITH s(i) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<100)
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT (i-1)/50, (i-1)/20 FROM s;

  WITH s(i) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<100)
  INSERT INTO t2 SELECT (i-1)/20, (i-1)/5 FROM s;
} {
  SELECT * FROM t2, t1 WHERE b=? AND d=? AND t2.rowid=t1.rowid
} {
  CREATE INDEX t2_idx_00000064 ON t2(d);
  SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2_idx_00000064 (d=?) 
  SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}

do_setup_rec_test $tn.16 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
} {
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b IS NOT NULL;
} {
  (no new indexes)
  SCAN TABLE t1
}

}

proc do_candidates_test {tn sql res} {
  set res [squish [string trim $res]]

  t2 t2_idx_00000063 {100 20} 
  t2 t2_idx_00000064 {100 5} 
  t2 t2_idx_0001295b {100 20 5}
}


finish_test

    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
    sqlite3_stmt *pExplain = 0;
    idxHashClear(&hIdx);
    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pExplain, pzErr,
        "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN %s", pStmt->zSql
    );
    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pExplain)==SQLITE_ROW ){
      /* int iId = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 0); */
      /* int iParent = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 1); */
      /* int iNotUsed = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 2); */
      const char *zDetail = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pExplain, 3);
      int nDetail = STRLEN(zDetail);
      int i;

      for(i=0; i<nDetail; i++){
        const char *zIdx = 0;
        if( memcmp(&zDetail[i], " USING INDEX ", 13)==0 ){

            idxHashAdd(&rc, &hIdx, zSql, 0);
            if( rc ) goto find_indexes_out;
          }
          break;
        }
      }

      pStmt->zEQP = idxAppendText(&rc, pStmt->zEQP, "%s\n", zDetail);


    }

    for(pEntry=hIdx.pFirst; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pNext){
      pStmt->zIdx = idxAppendText(&rc, pStmt->zIdx, "%s;\n", pEntry->zKey);
    }

    idxFinalize(&rc, pExplain);

    ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(db, pHash);
  }
#endif

  /* Create the virtual table wrapper around the hash-table and overload 
  ** the four scalar functions. If this is successful, register the
  ** module with sqlite.
  */

/* fts3_expr.c */
int sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(sqlite3_tokenizer *, int,
  char **, int, int, int, const char *, int, Fts3Expr **, char **
);
void sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(Fts3Expr *);
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash*);
int sqlite3Fts3InitTerm(sqlite3 *db);
#endif

int sqlite3Fts3OpenTokenizer(sqlite3_tokenizer *, int, const char *, int,
  sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **
);

** Everything after this point is just test code.
*/

#ifdef SQLITE_TEST

#include <stdio.h>





























/*
** Return a pointer to a buffer containing a text representation of the
** expression passed as the first argument. The buffer is obtained from
** sqlite3_malloc(). It is the responsibility of the caller to use 
** sqlite3_free() to release the memory. If an OOM condition is encountered,
** NULL is returned.
**

** to parse the query expression (see README.tokenizers). The second argument
** is the query expression to parse. Each subsequent argument is the name
** of a column of the fts3 table that the query expression may refer to.
** For example:
**
**   SELECT fts3_exprtest('simple', 'Bill col2:Bloggs', 'col1', 'col2');
*/
static void fts3ExprTestCommon(
  int bRebalance,
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){

  sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer = 0;
  int rc;
  char **azCol = 0;
  const char *zExpr;
  int nExpr;
  int nCol;
  int ii;
  Fts3Expr *pExpr;
  char *zBuf = 0;
  Fts3Hash *pHash = (Fts3Hash*)sqlite3_user_data(context);
  const char *zTokenizer = 0;
  char *zErr = 0;

  if( argc<3 ){
    sqlite3_result_error(context, 
        "Usage: fts3_exprtest(tokenizer, expr, col1, ...", -1
    );
    return;
  }


  zTokenizer = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  rc = sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer(pHash, zTokenizer, &pTokenizer, &zErr);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);

    }else{
      sqlite3_result_error(context, zErr, -1);

    }
    sqlite3_free(zErr);



    return;

  }


  zExpr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  nExpr = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
  nCol = argc-2;
  azCol = (char **)sqlite3_malloc(nCol*sizeof(char *));
  if( !azCol ){
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
    goto exprtest_out;
  }
  for(ii=0; ii<nCol; ii++){
    azCol[ii] = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(argv[ii+2]);
  }

  if( bRebalance ){
    char *zDummy = 0;
    rc = sqlite3Fts3ExprParse(
        pTokenizer, 0, azCol, 0, nCol, nCol, zExpr, nExpr, &pExpr, &zDummy
    );
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pExpr==0 );
    sqlite3_free(zDummy);
  }else{

    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    sqlite3_free(zBuf);
  }

  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pExpr);

exprtest_out:
  if( pTokenizer ){
    rc = pTokenizer->pModule->xDestroy(pTokenizer);
  }
  sqlite3_free(azCol);
}

static void fts3ExprTest(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  fts3ExprTestCommon(0, context, argc, argv);
}
static void fts3ExprTestRebalance(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  fts3ExprTestCommon(1, context, argc, argv);
}

/*
** Register the query expression parser test function fts3_exprtest() 
** with database connection db. 
*/
int sqlite3Fts3ExprInitTestInterface(sqlite3 *db, Fts3Hash *pHash){
  int rc = sqlite3_create_function(
      db, "fts3_exprtest", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pHash, fts3ExprTest, 0, 0
  );
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "fts3_exprtest_rebalance", 
        -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pHash, fts3ExprTestRebalance, 0, 0
    );
  }
  return rc;
}

#endif
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3) */

  CREATE TABLE t1(x, y);
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE f1 USING fts5(ff);
}

do_eqp_test 1.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, f1 WHERE f1 MATCH t1.x
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1
  `--SCAN TABLE f1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 65537:
}

do_eqp_test 1.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, f1 WHERE f1 > t1.x
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE f1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:
  `--SCAN TABLE t1
}

do_eqp_test 1.3 {
  SELECT * FROM f1 WHERE f1 MATCH ? ORDER BY ff
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE f1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 65537:
  `--USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY
}

do_eqp_test 1.4 {
  SELECT * FROM f1 ORDER BY rank
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE f1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 0:
  `--USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY
}

do_eqp_test 1.5 {
  SELECT * FROM f1 WHERE rank MATCH ?

} {SCAN TABLE f1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:}





finish_test

static int closureBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *pTab,             /* The virtual table */
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo    /* Information about the query */
){
  int iPlan = 0;
  int i;
  int idx = 1;

  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
  closure_vtab *pVtab = (closure_vtab*)pTab;
  double rCost = 10000000.0;

  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){




    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
    if( (iPlan & 1)==0 
     && pConstraint->iColumn==CLOSURE_COL_ROOT
     && pConstraint->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ
    ){
      iPlan |= 1;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;

   || (pVtab->zIdColumn==0     && (iPlan & 0x00f000)==0)
   || (pVtab->zParentColumn==0 && (iPlan & 0x0f0000)==0)
  ){
    /* All of tablename, idcolumn, and parentcolumn must be specified
    ** in either the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE or in the WHERE clause constraints
    ** or else the result is an empty set. */
    iPlan = 0;
  }
  if( (iPlan&1)==0 ){
    /* If there is no usable "root=?" term, then set the index-type to 0.
    ** Also clear any argvIndex variables already set. This is necessary
    ** to prevent the core from throwing an "xBestIndex malfunction error"
    ** error (because the argvIndex values are not contiguously assigned
    ** starting from 1).  */
    rCost *= 1e30;
    for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 0;
    }
    iPlan = 0;
  }
  pIdxInfo->idxNum = iPlan;
  if( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy==1
   && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn==CLOSURE_COL_ID
   && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc==0
  ){
    pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
  }

  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = rCost;
   
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** A virtual table module that implements the "transitive_closure".

struct completion_cursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection for this cursor */
  int nPrefix, nLine;        /* Number of bytes in zPrefix and zLine */
  char *zPrefix;             /* The prefix for the word we want to complete */
  char *zLine;               /* The whole that we want to complete */
  const char *zCurrentRow;   /* Current output row */
  int szRow;                 /* Length of the zCurrentRow string */
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;       /* Current statement */
  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
  int ePhase;                /* Current phase */
  int j;                     /* inter-phase counter */
};

/* Values for ePhase:

*/
static int completionClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  completionCursorReset((completion_cursor*)cur);
  sqlite3_free(cur);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}



























/*
** Advance a completion_cursor to its next row of output.
**
** The ->ePhase, ->j, and ->pStmt fields of the completion_cursor object
** record the current state of the scan.  This routine sets ->zCurrentRow
** to the current row of output and then returns.  If no more rows remain,
** then ->ePhase is set to COMPLETION_EOF which will signal the virtual

  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
  int eNextPhase = 0;  /* Next phase to try if current phase reaches end */
  int iCol = -1;       /* If >=0, step pCur->pStmt and use the i-th column */
  pCur->iRowid++;
  while( pCur->ePhase!=COMPLETION_EOF ){
    switch( pCur->ePhase ){
      case COMPLETION_KEYWORDS: {
        if( pCur->j >= sqlite3_keyword_count() ){
          pCur->zCurrentRow = 0;
          pCur->ePhase = COMPLETION_DATABASES;
        }else{
          sqlite3_keyword_name(pCur->j++, &pCur->zCurrentRow, &pCur->szRow);
        }
        iCol = -1;
        break;
      }
      case COMPLETION_DATABASES: {
        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1,

    if( iCol<0 ){
      /* This case is when the phase presets zCurrentRow */
      if( pCur->zCurrentRow==0 ) continue;
    }else{
      if( sqlite3_step(pCur->pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
        /* Extract the next row of content */
        pCur->zCurrentRow = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pCur->pStmt, iCol);
        pCur->szRow = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCur->pStmt, iCol);
      }else{
        /* When all rows are finished, advance to the next phase */
        sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pStmt);
        pCur->pStmt = 0;
        pCur->ePhase = eNextPhase;
        continue;
      }
    }
    if( pCur->nPrefix==0 ) break;
    if( pCur->nPrefix<=pCur->szRow
     && sqlite3_strnicmp(pCur->zPrefix, pCur->zCurrentRow, pCur->nPrefix)==0
    ){
      break;
    }
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return values of columns for the row at which the completion_cursor
** is currently pointing.
*/
static int completionColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
  int i                       /* Which column to return */
){
  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
  switch( i ){
    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_CANDIDATE: {
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zCurrentRow, pCur->szRow,SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      break;
    }
    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX: {
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zPrefix, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      break;
    }
    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE: {

    p->zIn = sqlite3_malloc( CSV_INBUFSZ );
    if( p->zIn==0 ){
      csv_errmsg(p, "out of memory");
      return 1;
    }
    p->in = fopen(zFilename, "rb");
    if( p->in==0 ){
      sqlite3_free(p->zIn);
      csv_reader_reset(p);
      csv_errmsg(p, "cannot open '%s' for reading", zFilename);
      return 1;
    }
  }else{
    assert( p->in==0 );
    p->zIn = (char*)zData;

** because it contains non-alphanumeric characters, or because it is an
** SQLite keyword.  Be conservative in this estimate:  When in doubt assume
** that quoting is required.
**
** Return '"' if quoting is required.  Return 0 if no quoting is required.
*/
static char quoteChar(const char *zName){





















  int i;
  if( !isalpha((unsigned char)zName[0]) && zName[0]!='_' ) return '"';
  for(i=0; zName[i]; i++){
    if( !isalnum((unsigned char)zName[i]) && zName[i]!='_' ) return '"';
  }












  return sqlite3_keyword_check(zName, i) ? '"' : 0;
}


/*
** Release memory previously allocated by tableColumnList().
*/
static void freeColumnList(char **azCol){

/*
** 2018-04-19
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file implements a template virtual-table.
** Developers can make a copy of this file as a baseline for writing
** new virtual tables and/or table-valued functions.
**
** Steps for writing a new virtual table implementation:
**
**     (1)  Make a copy of this file.  Perhaps call it "mynewvtab.c"
**
**     (2)  Replace this header comment with something appropriate for
**          the new virtual table
**
**     (3)  Change every occurrence of "templatevtab" to some other string
**          appropriate for the new virtual table.  Ideally, the new string
**          should be the basename of the source file: "mynewvtab".  Also
**          globally change "TEMPLATEVTAB" to "MYNEWVTAB".
**
**     (4)  Run a test compilation to make sure the unmodified virtual
**          table works.
**
**     (5)  Begin making incremental changes, testing as you go, to evolve
**          the new virtual table to do what you want it to do.
**
** This template is minimal, in the sense that it uses only the required
** methods on the sqlite3_module object.  As a result, templatevtab is
** a read-only and eponymous-only table.  Those limitation can be removed
** by adding new methods.
**
** This template implements an eponymous-only virtual table with a rowid and
** two columns named "a" and "b".  The table as 10 rows with fixed integer
** values. Usage example:
**
**     SELECT rowid, a, b FROM templatevtab;
*/
#if !defined(SQLITEINT_H)
#include "sqlite3ext.h"
#endif
SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

/* templatevtab_vtab is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab which is
** underlying representation of the virtual table
*/
typedef struct templatevtab_vtab templatevtab_vtab;
struct templatevtab_vtab {
  sqlite3_vtab base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  /* Add new fields here, as necessary */
};

/* templatevtab_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
** over rows of the result
*/
typedef struct templatevtab_cursor templatevtab_cursor;
struct templatevtab_cursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  /* Insert new fields here.  For this templatevtab we only keep track
  ** of the rowid */
  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
};

/*
** The templatevtabConnect() method is invoked to create a new
** template virtual table.
**
** Think of this routine as the constructor for templatevtab_vtab objects.
**
** All this routine needs to do is:
**
**    (1) Allocate the templatevtab_vtab object and initialize all fields.
**
**    (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
**        result set of queries against the virtual table will look like.
*/
static int templatevtabConnect(
  sqlite3 *db,
  void *pAux,
  int argc, const char *const*argv,
  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
  char **pzErr
){
  templatevtab_vtab *pNew;
  int rc;

  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
           "CREATE TABLE x(a,b)"
       );
  /* For convenience, define symbolic names for the index to each column. */
#define TEMPLATEVTAB_A  0
#define TEMPLATEVTAB_B  1
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** This method is the destructor for templatevtab_vtab objects.
*/
static int templatevtabDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  templatevtab_vtab *p = (templatevtab_vtab*)pVtab;
  sqlite3_free(p);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Constructor for a new templatevtab_cursor object.
*/
static int templatevtabOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur;
  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Destructor for a templatevtab_cursor.
*/
static int templatevtabClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur = (templatevtab_cursor*)cur;
  sqlite3_free(pCur);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}


/*
** Advance a templatevtab_cursor to its next row of output.
*/
static int templatevtabNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur = (templatevtab_cursor*)cur;
  pCur->iRowid++;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return values of columns for the row at which the templatevtab_cursor
** is currently pointing.
*/
static int templatevtabColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
  int i                       /* Which column to return */
){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur = (templatevtab_cursor*)cur;
  switch( i ){
    case TEMPLATEVTAB_A:
      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, 1000 + pCur->iRowid);
      break;
    default:
      assert( i==TEMPLATEVTAB_B );
      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, 2000 + pCur->iRowid);
      break;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
** rowid is the same as the output value.
*/
static int templatevtabRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur = (templatevtab_cursor*)cur;
  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
** row of output.
*/
static int templatevtabEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur = (templatevtab_cursor*)cur;
  return pCur->iRowid>=10;
}

/*
** This method is called to "rewind" the templatevtab_cursor object back
** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
** once prior to any call to templatevtabColumn() or templatevtabRowid() or 
** templatevtabEof().
*/
static int templatevtabFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  templatevtab_cursor *pCur = (templatevtab_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
  pCur->iRowid = 1;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
** that uses the virtual table.  This routine needs to create
** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
** plan.
*/
static int templatevtabBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)10;
  pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 10;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
** virtual table.
*/
static sqlite3_module templatevtabModule = {
  /* iVersion    */ 0,
  /* xCreate     */ 0,
  /* xConnect    */ templatevtabConnect,
  /* xBestIndex  */ templatevtabBestIndex,
  /* xDisconnect */ templatevtabDisconnect,
  /* xDestroy    */ 0,
  /* xOpen       */ templatevtabOpen,
  /* xClose      */ templatevtabClose,
  /* xFilter     */ templatevtabFilter,
  /* xNext       */ templatevtabNext,
  /* xEof        */ templatevtabEof,
  /* xColumn     */ templatevtabColumn,
  /* xRowid      */ templatevtabRowid,
  /* xUpdate     */ 0,
  /* xBegin      */ 0,
  /* xSync       */ 0,
  /* xCommit     */ 0,
  /* xRollback   */ 0,
  /* xFindMethod */ 0,
  /* xRename     */ 0,
  /* xSavepoint  */ 0,
  /* xRelease    */ 0,
  /* xRollbackTo */ 0
};


#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
int sqlite3_templatevtab_init(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  char **pzErrMsg, 
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "templatevtab", &templatevtabModule, 0);
  return rc;
}

void usage(const char *zArgv0){
  fprintf(stderr, 
"Usage: %s ?OPTIONS? TARGET-DB RBU-DB\n"
"\n"
"Where options are:\n"
"\n"
"    -step NSTEP\n"
"    -statstep NSTATSTEP\n"
"    -vacuum\n"
"    -presql SQL\n"
"\n"
"  If the -vacuum switch is not present, argument RBU-DB must be an RBU\n"
"  database containing an update suitable for target database TARGET-DB.\n"
"  Or, if -vacuum is specified, then TARGET-DB is a database to vacuum using\n"
"  RBU, and RBU-DB is used as the state database for the vacuum (refer to\n"
"  API documentation for details).\n"
"\n"

  int i;
  const char *zTarget;            /* Target database to apply RBU to */
  const char *zRbu;               /* Database containing RBU */
  char zBuf[200];                 /* Buffer for printf() */
  char *zErrmsg;                  /* Error message, if any */
  sqlite3rbu *pRbu;               /* RBU handle */
  int nStep = 0;                  /* Maximum number of step() calls */
  int nStatStep = 0;              /* Report stats after this many step calls */
  int bVacuum = 0;
  const char *zPreSql = 0;
  int rc;
  sqlite3_int64 nProgress = 0;
  int nArgc = argc-2;

  if( argc<3 ) usage(argv[0]);
  for(i=1; i<nArgc; i++){
    const char *zArg = argv[i];
    int nArg = strlen(zArg);
    if( nArg>1 && nArg<=8 && 0==memcmp(zArg, "-vacuum", nArg) ){
      bVacuum = 1;
    }else if( nArg>1 && nArg<=7 
           && 0==memcmp(zArg, "-presql", nArg) && i<nArg-1 ){
      i++;
      zPreSql = argv[i];
    }else if( nArg>1 && nArg<=5 && 0==memcmp(zArg, "-step", nArg) && i<nArg-1 ){
      i++;
      nStep = atoi(argv[i]);
    }else if( nArg>1 && nArg<=9 
           && 0==memcmp(zArg, "-statstep", nArg) && i<nArg-1 
    ){
      i++;
      nStatStep = atoi(argv[i]);
    }else{
      usage(argv[0]);
    }
  }

  zTarget = argv[argc-2];
  zRbu = argv[argc-1];

  report_default_vfs();

  /* Open an RBU handle. A vacuum handle if -vacuum was specified, or a
  ** regular RBU update handle otherwise.  */
  if( bVacuum ){
    pRbu = sqlite3rbu_vacuum(zTarget, zRbu);
  }else{
    pRbu = sqlite3rbu_open(zTarget, zRbu, 0);
  }
  report_rbu_vfs(pRbu);

  if( zPreSql && pRbu ){
    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3rbu_db(pRbu, 0);
    rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zPreSql, 0, 0, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3rbu_db(pRbu, 1);
      rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zPreSql, 0, 0, 0);
    }
  }

  /* If nStep is less than or equal to zero, call
  ** sqlite3rbu_step() until either the RBU has been completely applied
  ** or an error occurs. Or, if nStep is greater than zero, call
  ** sqlite3rbu_step() a maximum of nStep times.  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    for(i=0; (nStep<=0 || i<nStep) && sqlite3rbu_step(pRbu)==SQLITE_OK; i++){
      if( nStatStep>0 && (i % nStatStep)==0 ){
        sqlite3_int64 nUsed;
        sqlite3_int64 nHighwater;
        sqlite3_status64(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, &nUsed, &nHighwater, 0);
        fprintf(stdout, "memory used=%lld highwater=%lld", nUsed, nHighwater);
        if( bVacuum==0 ){
          int one;
          int two;
          sqlite3rbu_bp_progress(pRbu, &one, &two);
          fprintf(stdout, "  progress=%d/%d\n", one, two);
        }else{
          fprintf(stdout, "\n");
        }
        fflush(stdout);
      }
    }
    nProgress = sqlite3rbu_progress(pRbu);
    rc = sqlite3rbu_close(pRbu, &zErrmsg);
  }

  /* Let the user know what happened. */
  switch( rc ){
    case SQLITE_OK:
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf,
          "SQLITE_OK: rbu update incomplete (%lld operations so far)\n",
          nProgress

} {

  eval $create_vfs

  foreach {tn2 cmd} {
      1 run_rbu 
      2 step_rbu 3 step_rbu_uri 4 step_rbu_state
      5 step_rbu_legacy
  } {
    foreach {tn schema} {
      1 {
        CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
      }
      2 { 
        CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b, c);

    set rc [rbu step]
    check_poststep_state $rc $target $state
    rbu close
    if {$rc != "SQLITE_OK"} break
  }
  set rc
}

proc step_rbu_legacy {target rbu} {
  while 1 {
    sqlite3rbu rbu $target $rbu
    set state [rbu state]
    check_prestep_state $target $state
    set rc [rbu step]
    check_poststep_state $rc $target $state
    rbu close
    if {$rc != "SQLITE_OK"} break
    sqlite3 tmpdb $rbu
    tmpdb eval { DELETE FROM rbu_state WHERE k==10 }
    tmpdb close
  }
  set rc
}

proc do_rbu_vacuum_test {tn step} {
  forcedelete state.db
  uplevel [list do_test $tn.1 {
    if {$step==0} { sqlite3rbu_vacuum rbu test.db state.db }
    while 1 {
      if {$step==1} { sqlite3rbu_vacuum rbu test.db state.db }

# 2018 April 28
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
#

source [file join [file dirname [info script]] rbu_common.tcl]
set ::testprefix rbusplit

db close
sqlite3_shutdown
sqlite3_config_uri 1

autoinstall_test_functions

proc build_db {db} {
  $db eval {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
    CREATE TABLE t2(a PRIMARY KEY, b, c);

    CREATE INDEX t1c ON t1(c);
  }
}

proc build_rbu {filename} {
  forcedelete $filename
  sqlite3 dbRbu $filename
  dbRbu eval {
    CREATE TABLE data0_t1(a, b, c, rbu_control);
    CREATE TABLE data1_t1(a, b, c, rbu_control);
    CREATE TABLE data2_t1(a, b, c, rbu_control);
    CREATE TABLE data3_t1(a, b, c, rbu_control);

    CREATE TABLE data_t2(a, b, c, rbu_control);

    INSERT INTO data0_t1 VALUES(1, 1, 1, 0);
    INSERT INTO data0_t1 VALUES(2, 2, 2, 0);
    INSERT INTO data0_t1 VALUES(3, 3, 3, 0);
    INSERT INTO data0_t1 VALUES(4, 4, 4, 0);
    INSERT INTO data1_t1 VALUES(5, 5, 5, 0);
    INSERT INTO data1_t1 VALUES(6, 6, 6, 0);
    INSERT INTO data1_t1 VALUES(7, 7, 7, 0);
    INSERT INTO data1_t1 VALUES(8, 8, 8, 0);
    INSERT INTO data3_t1 VALUES(9, 9, 9, 0);

    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(1, 1, 1, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(2, 2, 2, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(3, 3, 3, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(4, 4, 4, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(5, 5, 5, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(6, 6, 6, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(7, 7, 7, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(8, 8, 8, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(9, 9, 9, 0);
  }
  
  dbRbu close
}

foreach {tn cmd} {
  1 run_rbu
  2 step_rbu
} {
  reset_db
  build_db db
  build_rbu testrbu.db

  do_test 1.$tn.1 {
    $cmd test.db testrbu.db
  } {SQLITE_DONE}
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.1 {
    SELECT * FROM t1;
  } {
    1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
    5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8
    9 9 9
  }
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.2 {
    SELECT * FROM t2;
  } {
    1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
    5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8
    9 9 9
  }
}

finish_test

**
** RBU_STATE_COOKIE:
**   Valid if STAGE==1. The current change-counter cookie value in the 
**   target db file.
**
** RBU_STATE_OALSZ:
**   Valid if STAGE==1. The size in bytes of the *-oal file.
**
** RBU_STATE_DATATBL:
**   Only valid if STAGE==1. The RBU database name of the table 
**   currently being read.
*/
#define RBU_STATE_STAGE        1
#define RBU_STATE_TBL          2
#define RBU_STATE_IDX          3
#define RBU_STATE_ROW          4
#define RBU_STATE_PROGRESS     5
#define RBU_STATE_CKPT         6
#define RBU_STATE_COOKIE       7
#define RBU_STATE_OALSZ        8
#define RBU_STATE_PHASEONESTEP 9
#define RBU_STATE_DATATBL     10

#define RBU_STAGE_OAL         1
#define RBU_STAGE_MOVE        2
#define RBU_STAGE_CAPTURE     3
#define RBU_STAGE_CKPT        4
#define RBU_STAGE_DONE        5

/*
** A structure to store values read from the rbu_state table in memory.
*/
struct RbuState {
  int eStage;
  char *zTbl;
  char *zDataTbl;
  char *zIdx;
  i64 iWalCksum;
  int nRow;
  i64 nProgress;
  u32 iCookie;
  i64 iOalSz;
  i64 nPhaseOneStep;

/*
** Free an RbuState object allocated by rbuLoadState().
*/
static void rbuFreeState(RbuState *p){
  if( p ){
    sqlite3_free(p->zTbl);
    sqlite3_free(p->zDataTbl);
    sqlite3_free(p->zIdx);
    sqlite3_free(p);
  }
}

/*
** Allocate an RbuState object and load the contents of the rbu_state 

      case RBU_STATE_OALSZ:
        pRet->iOalSz = (u32)sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 1);
        break;

      case RBU_STATE_PHASEONESTEP:
        pRet->nPhaseOneStep = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 1);
        break;

      case RBU_STATE_DATATBL:
        pRet->zDataTbl = rbuStrndup((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1), &rc);
        break;

      default:
        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
        break;
    }
  }
  rc2 = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);

          "(%d, %Q), "
          "(%d, %Q), "
          "(%d, %d), "
          "(%d, %d), "
          "(%d, %lld), "
          "(%d, %lld), "
          "(%d, %lld), "
          "(%d, %lld), "
          "(%d, %Q)  ",
          p->zStateDb,
          RBU_STATE_STAGE, eStage,
          RBU_STATE_TBL, p->objiter.zTbl, 
          RBU_STATE_IDX, p->objiter.zIdx, 
          RBU_STATE_ROW, p->nStep, 
          RBU_STATE_PROGRESS, p->nProgress,
          RBU_STATE_CKPT, p->iWalCksum,
          RBU_STATE_COOKIE, (i64)pFd->iCookie,
          RBU_STATE_OALSZ, p->iOalSz,
          RBU_STATE_PHASEONESTEP, p->nPhaseOneStep,
          RBU_STATE_DATATBL, p->objiter.zDataTbl
      )
    );
    assert( pInsert==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      sqlite3_step(pInsert);
      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pInsert);

  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
  if( pState->zTbl ){
    RbuObjIter *pIter = &p->objiter;
    int rc = SQLITE_OK;

    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter->zTbl && (pIter->bCleanup 
       || rbuStrCompare(pIter->zIdx, pState->zIdx)
       || (pState->zDataTbl==0 && rbuStrCompare(pIter->zTbl, pState->zTbl))
       || (pState->zDataTbl && rbuStrCompare(pIter->zDataTbl, pState->zDataTbl))
    )){
      rc = rbuObjIterNext(p, pIter);
    }

    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !pIter->zTbl ){
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      p->zErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("rbu_state mismatch error");

do_test rtree6-1.5 {
  rtree_strategy {SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=+ii AND x1<10}
} {C0}

do_eqp_test rtree6.2.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=+ii AND x1<10
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0
  `--SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}

do_eqp_test rtree6.2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=ii AND x1<10
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0
  `--SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}

do_eqp_test rtree6.2.3 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=ii
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
  `--SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}

do_eqp_test rtree6.2.4.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE v=+ii and x1<10 and x2>10
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0E1
  `--SEARCH TABLE t2 USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (v=?)
}
do_eqp_test rtree6.2.4.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE v=10 and x1<10 and x2>10
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0E1
  `--SEARCH TABLE t2 USING AUTOMATIC PARTIAL COVERING INDEX (v=?)
}

do_eqp_test rtree6.2.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=ii AND x1<v
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
  `--SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}

do_execsql_test rtree6-3.1 {
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t3 USING rtree(id, x1, x2, y1, y2);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NULL, 1, 1, 2, 2);
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE 
    x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND 

  CREATE TABLE t(x, y);
}

do_eqp_test 1.1 {
  SELECT * FROM r_tree, t 
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t
  `--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0
}

do_eqp_test 1.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t, r_tree
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t
  `--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0
}

do_eqp_test 1.3 {
  SELECT * FROM t, r_tree
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND ?<=max_y
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t
  `--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0
}

do_eqp_test 1.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t, r_tree
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
  `--SCAN TABLE t
}

do_execsql_test 2.0 {
  INSERT INTO t VALUES(0, 0);
  INSERT INTO t VALUES(0, 1);
  INSERT INTO t VALUES(0, 2);
  INSERT INTO t VALUES(0, 3);

db close
sqlite3 db test.db

do_eqp_test 2.1 {
  SELECT * FROM r_tree, t 
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t
  `--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0
}

do_eqp_test 2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t, r_tree
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t
  `--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0
}

do_eqp_test 2.3 {
  SELECT * FROM t, r_tree
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND ?<=max_y
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t
  `--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0
}

do_eqp_test 2.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t, r_tree
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
  `--SCAN TABLE t
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that the special CROSS JOIN handling works with rtree tables.
#
do_execsql_test 3.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  CREATE TABLE t2(y);
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t3 USING rtree(z, x1,x2, y1,y2);
}

do_eqp_test 3.2.1 { SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2 } {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1
  `--SCAN TABLE t2
}
do_eqp_test 3.2.2 { SELECT * FROM t2 CROSS JOIN t1 } {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t2
  `--SCAN TABLE t1
}

do_eqp_test 3.3.1 { SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t3 } {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1
  `--SCAN TABLE t3 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
}
do_eqp_test 3.3.2 { SELECT * FROM t3 CROSS JOIN t1 } {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t3 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
  `--SCAN TABLE t1
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that LEFT JOINs are not reordered if the right-hand-side is
# a virtual table.
#
reset_db

# First test a query with no ANALYZE data at all. The outer loop is
# real table "t1".
#
do_eqp_test 5.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1
  `--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 1:
}

# Now create enough ANALYZE data to tell SQLite that virtual table "rt"
# contains very few rows. This causes it to move "rt" to the outer loop.
#
do_execsql_test 5.3 {
  ANALYZE;
  DELETE FROM sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl='t1';
}
db close
sqlite3 db test.db
do_eqp_test 5.4 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:
  `--SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t1_1 (x=?)
}

# Delete the ANALYZE data. "t1" should be the outer loop again.
#
do_execsql_test 5.5 { DROP TABLE sqlite_stat1; }
db close
sqlite3 db test.db
do_eqp_test 5.6 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1
  `--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 1:
}

# This time create and attach a database that contains ANALYZE data for
# tables of the same names as those used internally by virtual table
# "rt". Check that the rtree module is not fooled into using this data.
# Table "t1" should remain the outer loop.
#

  db close
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql { ATTACH 'test.db2' AS aux; }
} {}
do_eqp_test 5.8 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, rt WHERE x==id;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE t1
  `--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 1:
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that having a second connection drop the sqlite_stat1 table
# before it is required by rtreeConnect() does not cause problems.
#
ifcapable rtree {

  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(1, 2, 7, 12, 14);      -- Not a hit
  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(2, 2, 7, 8, 12);       -- A hit!
  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(3, 7, 11, 8, 12);      -- Not a hit!
  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(4, 5, 5, 10, 10);      -- A hit!

}

proc do_eqp_execsql_test {tn sql res1 res2} {
  do_eqp_test $tn.1 $sql $res1
  do_execsql_test $tn.2 $sql $res2
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.1 {
  SELECT id FROM xdir, rt, ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE xdir
  |--SCAN TABLE ydir
  `--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B2D3B0D1
} {
  2 4
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.2 {
  SELECT * FROM xdir, rt LEFT JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE xdir
  |--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1
  `--SCAN TABLE ydir
} {
  5 1 2 7 12 14 {}
  5 2 2 7  8 12 10
  5 4 5 5 10 10 10
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.3 {
  SELECT id FROM xdir, rt CROSS JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE xdir
  |--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1
  `--SCAN TABLE ydir
} {
  2 4
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.4 {
  SELECT id FROM rt, xdir CROSS JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN TABLE xdir
  |--SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1
  `--SCAN TABLE ydir
} {
  2 4
}

finish_test

         memdb.o memjournal.o \
         mutex.o mutex_noop.o mutex_unix.o mutex_w32.o \
         notify.o opcodes.o os.o os_unix.o os_win.o \
         pager.o pcache.o pcache1.o pragma.o prepare.o printf.o \
         random.o resolve.o rowset.o rtree.o \
         select.o sqlite3rbu.o status.o stmt.o \
         table.o threads.o tokenize.o treeview.o trigger.o \
         update.o upsert.o userauth.o util.o vacuum.o \
         vdbeapi.o vdbeaux.o vdbeblob.o vdbemem.o vdbesort.o \
	 vdbetrace.o wal.o walker.o where.o wherecode.o whereexpr.o \
         utf.o vtab.o

LIBOBJ += sqlite3session.o

# All of the source code files.

  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/treeview.c \
  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/update.c \
  $(TOP)/src/upsert.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.h \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeblob.c \

    }
    assert( pVfs );
    flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
    rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, zPath, db, &pNew->pBt, 0, flags);
    sqlite3_free( zPath );
    db->nDb++;
  }
  db->noSharedCache = 0;
  if( rc==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "database is already attached");
  }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    Pager *pPager;
    pNew->pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, pNew->pBt);
    if( !pNew->pSchema ){

  ** If this fails, or if opening the file failed, then close the file and 
  ** remove the entry from the db->aDb[] array. i.e. put everything back the
  ** way we found it.
  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
    db->init.iDb = 0;
    db->mDbFlags &= ~(DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk);
    rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrDyn);
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    assert( zErrDyn==0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK );
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    u8 newAuth = 0;

      pItem->zDatabase = 0;
      pItem->pSchema = pFix->pSchema;
    }
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
    if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pItem->pSelect) ) return 1;
    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pItem->pOn) ) return 1;
#endif
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc && sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pItem->u1.pFuncArg) ){
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
int sqlite3FixSelect(
  DbFixer *pFix,       /* Context of the fixation */
  Select *pSelect      /* The SELECT statement to be fixed to one database */

    }
    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pStep->pWhere) ){
      return 1;
    }
    if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pStep->pExprList) ){
      return 1;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
    if( pStep->pUpsert ){
      Upsert *pUp = pStep->pUpsert;
      if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pUp->pUpsertTarget)
       || sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pUp->pUpsertTargetWhere)
       || sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pUp->pUpsertSet)
       || sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pUp->pUpsertWhere)
      ){
        return 1;
      }
    }
#endif
    pStep = pStep->pNext;
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif

  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    if( p && p->sharable ){
      sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
      skipOk = 0;
    }
  }
  db->noSharedCache = skipOk;
}
void sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(sqlite3 *db){
  if( db->noSharedCache==0 ) btreeEnterAll(db);
}
static void SQLITE_NOINLINE btreeLeaveAll(sqlite3 *db){
  int i;
  Btree *p;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
    if( p ) sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
  }
}
void sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(sqlite3 *db){
  if( db->noSharedCache==0 ) btreeLeaveAll(db);
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
/*
** Return true if the current thread holds the database connection
** mutex and all required BtShared mutexes.
**

          pDb->safety_level | (db->flags & PAGER_FLAGS_MASK));
    }
  }
}
#else
# define setDefaultSyncFlag(pBt,safety_level)
#endif

/* Forward declaration */
static int newDatabase(BtShared*);


/*
** Get a reference to pPage1 of the database file.  This will
** also acquire a readlock on that file.
**
** SQLITE_OK is returned on success.  If the file is not a
** well-formed database file, then SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned.

  /* Do some checking to help insure the file we opened really is
  ** a valid database file. 
  */
  nPage = nPageHeader = get4byte(28+(u8*)pPage1->aData);
  sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPageFile);
  if( nPage==0 || memcmp(24+(u8*)pPage1->aData, 92+(u8*)pPage1->aData,4)!=0 ){
    nPage = nPageFile;
  }
  if( (pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_ResetDatabase)!=0 ){
    nPage = 0;
  }
  if( nPage>0 ){
    u32 pageSize;
    u32 usableSize;
    u8 *page1 = pPage1->aData;
    rc = SQLITE_NOTADB;
    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-43737-39999 Every valid SQLite database file begins

Table *sqlite3LocateTable(
  Parse *pParse,         /* context in which to report errors */
  u32 flags,             /* LOCATE_VIEW or LOCATE_NOERR */
  const char *zName,     /* Name of the table we are looking for */
  const char *zDbase     /* Name of the database.  Might be NULL */
){
  Table *p;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  /* Read the database schema. If an error occurs, leave an error message
  ** and code in pParse and return NULL. */
  if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0 
   && SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse)
  ){
    return 0;
  }

  p = sqlite3FindTable(db, zName, zDbase);
  if( p==0 ){
    const char *zMsg = flags & LOCATE_VIEW ? "no such view" : "no such table";
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    if( sqlite3FindDbName(db, zDbase)<1 ){
      /* If zName is the not the name of a table in the schema created using
      ** CREATE, then check to see if it is the name of an virtual table that
      ** can be an eponymous virtual table. */
      Module *pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zName);
      if( pMod==0 && sqlite3_strnicmp(zName, "pragma_", 7)==0 ){
        pMod = sqlite3PragmaVtabRegister(db, zName);
      }
      if( pMod && sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(pParse, pMod) ){
        return pMod->pEpoTab;
      }
    }
#endif
    if( (flags & LOCATE_NOERR)==0 ){

  int i;
  assert( iDb<db->nDb );

  if( iDb>=0 ){
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
    DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_ResetWanted);
    DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_ResetWanted);
    db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk;
  }

  if( db->nSchemaLock==0 ){
    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
      if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_ResetWanted) ){
        sqlite3SchemaClear(db->aDb[i].pSchema);
      }

  assert( db->nSchemaLock==0 );
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
    if( pDb->pSchema ){
      sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
    }
  }
  db->mDbFlags &= ~(DBFLAG_SchemaChange|DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk);
  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
  sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(db);
}

/*
** This routine is called when a commit occurs.

  pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
  memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
  pCol->zName = z;
  sqlite3ColumnPropertiesFromName(p, pCol);
 
  if( pType->n==0 ){
    /* If there is no type specified, columns have the default affinity
    ** 'BLOB' with a default size of 4 bytes. */
    pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
    pCol->szEst = 1;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    if( 4>=sqlite3GlobalConfig.szSorterRef ){
      pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_SORTERREF;
    }
#endif
  }else{
    zType = z + sqlite3Strlen30(z) + 1;
    memcpy(zType, pType->z, pType->n);
    zType[pType->n] = 0;
    sqlite3Dequote(zType);
    pCol->affinity = sqlite3AffinityType(zType, pCol);
    pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_HASTYPE;
  }
  p->nCol++;
  pParse->constraintName.n = 0;
}

/*

** 'REAL'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
** 'FLOA'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
** 'DOUB'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
**
** If none of the substrings in the above table are found,
** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC is returned.
*/
char sqlite3AffinityType(const char *zIn, Column *pCol){
  u32 h = 0;
  char aff = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
  const char *zChar = 0;

  assert( zIn!=0 );
  while( zIn[0] ){
    h = (h<<8) + sqlite3UpperToLower[(*zIn)&0xff];

#endif
    }else if( (h&0x00FFFFFF)==(('i'<<16)+('n'<<8)+'t') ){    /* INT */
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      break;
    }
  }

  /* If pCol is not NULL, store an estimate of the field size.  The
  ** estimate is scaled so that the size of an integer is 1.  */
  if( pCol ){
    int v = 0;   /* default size is approx 4 bytes */
    if( aff<SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      if( zChar ){
        while( zChar[0] ){
          if( sqlite3Isdigit(zChar[0]) ){
            /* BLOB(k), VARCHAR(k), CHAR(k) -> r=(k/4+1) */
            sqlite3GetInt32(zChar, &v);



            break;
          }
          zChar++;
        }
      }else{
        v = 16;   /* BLOB, TEXT, CLOB -> r=5  (approx 20 bytes)*/
      }
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    if( v>=sqlite3GlobalConfig.szSorterRef ){
      pCol->colFlags |= COLFLAG_SORTERREF;
    }
#endif
    v = v/4 + 1;
    if( v>255 ) v = 255;
    pCol->szEst = v;
  }
  return aff;
}

/*
** The expression is the default value for the most recently added column
** of the table currently under construction.

  assert( pTab!=0 );
  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );
  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 
       && db->init.busy==0
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
       && sqlite3UserAuthTable(pTab->zName)==0
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ALLOW_SQLITE_MASTER_INDEX
       && sqlite3StrICmp(&pTab->zName[7],"master")!=0
#endif
       && sqlite3StrNICmp(&pTab->zName[7],"altertab_",9)!=0
 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be indexed", pTab->zName);
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
  if( pTab->pSelect ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "views may not be indexed");
    goto exit_create_index;

  "ENABLE_SELECTTRACE",
#endif
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION
  "ENABLE_SESSION",
#endif
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
  "ENABLE_SNAPSHOT",
#endif
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  "ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES",
#endif
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
  "ENABLE_SQLLOG",
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
  "ENABLE_STAT4",
#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)

  int iDataCur = 0;      /* VDBE cursor for the canonical data source */
  int iIdxCur = 0;       /* Cursor number of the first index */
  int nIdx;              /* Number of indices */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* Main database structure */
  AuthContext sContext;  /* Authorization context */
  NameContext sNC;       /* Name context to resolve expressions in */
  int iDb;               /* Database number */
  int memCnt = 0;        /* Memory cell used for change counting */
  int rcauth;            /* Value returned by authorization callback */
  int eOnePass;          /* ONEPASS_OFF or _SINGLE or _MULTI */
  int aiCurOnePass[2];   /* The write cursors opened by WHERE_ONEPASS */
  u8 *aToOpen = 0;       /* Open cursor iTabCur+j if aToOpen[j] is true */
  Index *pPk;            /* The PRIMARY KEY index on the table */
  int iPk = 0;           /* First of nPk registers holding PRIMARY KEY value */
  i16 nPk = 1;           /* Number of columns in the PRIMARY KEY */

  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, bComplex, iDb);

  /* If we are trying to delete from a view, realize that view into
  ** an ephemeral table.
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  if( isView ){
    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 

  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }

  /* Initialize the counter of the number of rows deleted, if
  ** we are counting rows.
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0
   && !pParse->nested
   && !pParse->pTriggerTab
  ){
    memCnt = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, memCnt);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
  /* Special case: A DELETE without a WHERE clause deletes everything.
  ** It is easier just to erase the whole table. Prior to version 3.6.5,

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
   && db->xPreUpdateCallback==0
#endif
  ){
    assert( !isView );
    sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 1, pTab->zName);
    if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Clear, pTab->tnum, iDb, memCnt ? memCnt : -1,
                        pTab->zName, P4_STATIC);
    }
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
      assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
    }
  }else

    **  ONEPASS_MULTI:  One-pass approach - any number of rows may be deleted.
    */
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, 0, 0, wcf, iTabCur+1);
    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
    eOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aiCurOnePass);
    assert( IsVirtual(pTab)==0 || eOnePass!=ONEPASS_MULTI );
    assert( IsVirtual(pTab) || bComplex || eOnePass!=ONEPASS_OFF );
    if( eOnePass!=ONEPASS_SINGLE ) sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
  
    /* Keep track of the number of rows to be deleted */
    if( memCnt ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, memCnt, 1);
    }
  
    /* Extract the rowid or primary key for the current row */
    if( pPk ){
      for(i=0; i<nPk; i++){
        assert( pPk->aiColumn[i]>=0 );

    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /* Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( memCnt ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, memCnt, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows deleted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

delete_from_cleanup:
  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);

      }
    }
    pItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zSpan);
    pItem->sortOrder = pOldItem->sortOrder;
    pItem->done = 0;
    pItem->bSpanIsTab = pOldItem->bSpanIsTab;
    pItem->bSorterRef = pOldItem->bSorterRef;
    pItem->u = pOldItem->u;
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*
** If cursors, triggers, views and subqueries are all omitted from

      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
      if( pWalker->eCode==3 && pExpr->iTable==pWalker->u.iCur ){
        return WRC_Continue;
      }
      /* Fall through */
    case TK_IF_NULL_ROW:
    case TK_REGISTER:
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW );
      pWalker->eCode = 0;
      return WRC_Abort;
    case TK_VARIABLE:
      if( pWalker->eCode==5 ){
        /* Silently convert bound parameters that appear inside of CREATE
        ** statements into a NULL when parsing the CREATE statement text out
        ** of the sqlite_master table */
        pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
      }else if( pWalker->eCode==4 ){
        /* A bound parameter in a CREATE statement that originates from
        ** sqlite3_prepare() causes an error */
        pWalker->eCode = 0;
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
      /* Fall through */
    default:
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail() disallows */
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail() disallows */
      return WRC_Continue;
  }
}
static int exprIsConst(Expr *p, int initFlag, int iCur){
  Walker w;
  w.eCode = initFlag;
  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;

            if( aiMap ) aiMap[i] = j;
          }
  
          assert( i==nExpr || colUsed!=(MASKBIT(nExpr)-1) );
          if( colUsed==(MASKBIT(nExpr)-1) ){
            /* If we reach this point, that means the index pIdx is usable */
            int iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);

            ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0,
                              "USING INDEX %s FOR IN-OPERATOR",pIdx->zName));


            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenRead, iTab, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
            sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIdx);
            VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
            assert( IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC == IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC+1 );
            eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC + pIdx->aSortOrder[0];
  
            if( prRhsHasNull ){

  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
  */
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) ){
    jmpIfDynamic = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }












  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_IN: {
      int addr;                   /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft; /* the LHS of the IN operator */
      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;      /* Key information */
      int nVal;                   /* Size of vector pLeft */
      

        **
        ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
        ** table allocated and opened above.
        */
        Select *pSelect = pExpr->x.pSelect;
        ExprList *pEList = pSelect->pEList;

        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%sLIST SUBQUERY",
            jmpIfDynamic>=0?"":"CORRELATED "
        ));
        assert( !isRowid );
        /* If the LHS and RHS of the IN operator do not match, that
        ** error will have been caught long before we reach this point. */
        if( ALWAYS(pEList->nExpr==nVal) ){
          SelectDest dest;
          int i;
          sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, pExpr->iTable);

        ** a column, use numeric affinity.
        */
        char affinity;            /* Affinity of the LHS of the IN */
        int i;
        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
        int r1, r2, r3;

        affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft);
        if( !affinity ){
          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
        if( pKeyInfo ){
          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
          pKeyInfo->aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);

      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );

      pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%sSCALAR SUBQUERY",
            jmpIfDynamic>=0?"":"CORRELATED "));
      nReg = pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ? pSel->pEList->nExpr : 1;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, pParse->nMem+1);
      pParse->nMem += nReg;
      if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
        dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
        dest.iSdst = dest.iSDParm;
        dest.nSdst = nReg;

  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  if( v==0 ){
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return 0;
  }

expr_code_doover:
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    op = TK_NULL;
  }else{
    op = pExpr->op;
  }
  switch( op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {

    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, target, 0, 0);
      return target;
    }
    case TK_SPAN:
    case TK_COLLATE: 
    case TK_UPLUS: {
      pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
      goto expr_code_doover;
    }

    case TK_TRIGGER: {
      /* If the opcode is TK_TRIGGER, then the expression is a reference
      ** to a column in the new.* or old.* pseudo-tables available to
      ** trigger programs. In this case Expr.iTable is set to 1 for the
      ** new.* pseudo-table, or 0 for the old.* pseudo-table. Expr.iColumn

      assert( pExpr->iTable==0 || pExpr->iTable==1 );
      assert( pExpr->iColumn>=-1 && pExpr->iColumn<pTab->nCol );
      assert( pTab->iPKey<0 || pExpr->iColumn!=pTab->iPKey );
      assert( p1>=0 && p1<(pTab->nCol*2+2) );

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Param, p1, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "r[%d]=%s.%s", target,
        (pExpr->iTable ? "new" : "old"),
        (pExpr->iColumn<0 ? "rowid" : pExpr->pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].zName)

      ));

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
      /* If the column has REAL affinity, it may currently be stored as an
      ** integer. Use OP_RealAffinity to make sure it is really real.
      **
      ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-60985-57662 SQLite will convert the value back to

  assert( pList!=0 );
  assert( target>0 );
  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );  /* Never gets this far otherwise */
  n = pList->nExpr;
  if( !ConstFactorOk(pParse) ) flags &= ~SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<n; i++, pItem++){
    Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    if( pItem->bSorterRef ){
      i--;
      n--;
    }else
#endif
    if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_REF)!=0 && (j = pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol)>0 ){
      if( flags & SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF ){
        i--;
        n--;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, copyOp, j+srcReg-1, target+i);
      }

      return 1;
    }
    return 2;
  }
  if( pA->op!=TK_COLUMN && pA->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN && pA->u.zToken ){
    if( pA->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ) return 2;
    }else if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      if( sqlite3_stricmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ) return 2;
    }else if( strcmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ){
      return 2;
    }
  }
  if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
  if( ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_TokenOnly)==0) ){
    if( combinedFlags & EP_xIsSelect ) return 2;
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft, iTab) ) return 2;
    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pRight, pB->pRight, iTab) ) return 2;
    if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pA->x.pList, pB->x.pList, iTab) ) return 2;
    assert( (combinedFlags & EP_Reduced)==0 );
    if( pA->op!=TK_STRING && pA->op!=TK_TRUEFALSE ){
      if( pA->iColumn!=pB->iColumn ) return 2;
      if( pA->iTable!=pB->iTable 
       && (pA->iTable!=iTab || NEVER(pB->iTable>=0)) ) return 2;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

** for additional information.
*/
static int analyzeAggregate(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  int i;
  NameContext *pNC = pWalker->u.pNC;
  Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
  SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
  AggInfo *pAggInfo = pNC->uNC.pAggInfo;

  assert( pNC->ncFlags & NC_UAggInfo );
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
      /* Check to see if the column is in one of the tables in the FROM
      ** clause of the aggregate query */

   0,                         /* xVdbeBranch */
   0,                         /* pVbeBranchArg */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
   0,                         /* xTestCallback */
#endif
   0,                         /* bLocaltimeFault */
   0x7ffffffe,                /* iOnceResetThreshold */
   SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE   /* szSorterRef */
};

/*
** Hash table for global functions - functions common to all
** database connections.  After initialization, this table is
** read-only.
*/

**      D: cleanup
*/
void sqlite3Insert(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
  SrcList *pTabList,    /* Name of table into which we are inserting */
  Select *pSelect,      /* A SELECT statement to use as the data source */
  IdList *pColumn,      /* Column names corresponding to IDLIST. */
  int onError,          /* How to handle constraint errors */
  Upsert *pUpsert       /* ON CONFLICT clauses for upsert, or NULL */
){
  sqlite3 *db;          /* The main database structure */
  Table *pTab;          /* The table to insert into.  aka TABLE */
  int i, j;             /* Loop counters */
  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
  Index *pIdx;          /* For looping over indices of the table */
  int nColumn;          /* Number of columns in the data */

  if( pColumn!=0 && nColumn!=pColumn->nId ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%d values for %d columns", nColumn, pColumn->nId);
    goto insert_cleanup;
  }
    
  /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0
   && !pParse->nested
   && !pParse->pTriggerTab
  ){
    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
  }

  /* If this is not a view, open the table and and all indices */
  if( !isView ){
    int nIdx;
    nIdx = sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenWrite, 0, -1, 0,
                                      &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
    aRegIdx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(int)*(nIdx+1));
    if( aRegIdx==0 ){
      goto insert_cleanup;
    }
    for(i=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; i<nIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
      assert( pIdx );
      aRegIdx[i] = ++pParse->nMem;
      pParse->nMem += pIdx->nColumn;
    }
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
  if( pUpsert ){
    pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iDataCur;
    pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = pTabList;
    pUpsert->regData = regData;
    pUpsert->iDataCur = iDataCur;
    pUpsert->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
    if( pUpsert->pUpsertTarget ){
      sqlite3UpsertAnalyzeTarget(pParse, pTabList, pUpsert);
    }
  }
#endif


  /* This is the top of the main insertion loop */
  if( useTempTable ){
    /* This block codes the top of loop only.  The complete loop is the
    ** following pseudocode (template 4):
    **
    **         rewind temp table, if empty goto D

      sqlite3MayAbort(pParse);
    }else
#endif
    {
      int isReplace;    /* Set to true if constraints may cause a replace */
      int bUseSeek;     /* True to use OPFLAG_SEEKRESULT */
      sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, aRegIdx, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
          regIns, 0, ipkColumn>=0, onError, endOfLoop, &isReplace, 0, pUpsert
      );
      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, 0, regIns, 0, 0);

      /* Set the OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT flag if either (a) there are no REPLACE
      ** constraints or (b) there are no triggers and this table is not a
      ** parent table in a foreign key constraint. It is safe to set the
      ** flag in the second case as if any REPLACE constraint is hit, an

          regIns, aRegIdx, 0, appendFlag, bUseSeek
      );
    }
  }

  /* Update the count of rows that are inserted
  */
  if( regRowCount ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
  }

  if( pTrigger ){
    /* Code AFTER triggers */
    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
        pTab, regData-2-pTab->nCol, onError, endOfLoop);

  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( regRowCount ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows inserted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

insert_cleanup:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  sqlite3UpsertDelete(db, pUpsert);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, aRegIdx);
}

/* Make sure "isView" and other macros defined above are undefined. Otherwise
** they may interfere with compilation of other functions in this file

  }
  testcase( w.eCode==0 );
  testcase( w.eCode==CKCNSTRNT_COLUMN );
  testcase( w.eCode==CKCNSTRNT_ROWID );
  testcase( w.eCode==(CKCNSTRNT_ROWID|CKCNSTRNT_COLUMN) );
  return !w.eCode;
}

/*
** An instance of the ConstraintAddr object remembers the byte-code addresses
** for sections of the constraint checks that deal with uniqueness constraints
** on the rowid and on the upsert constraint.
**
** This information is passed into checkReorderConstraintChecks() to insert
** some OP_Goto operations so that the rowid and upsert constraints occur
** in the correct order relative to other constraints.
*/
typedef struct ConstraintAddr ConstraintAddr;
struct ConstraintAddr {
  int ipkTop;          /* Subroutine for rowid constraint check */
  int upsertTop;       /* Label for upsert constraint check subroutine */
  int upsertTop2;      /* Copy of upsertTop not cleared by the call */
  int upsertBtm;       /* upsert constraint returns to this label */
  int ipkBtm;          /* Return opcode rowid constraint check */
};

/*
** Generate any OP_Goto operations needed to cause constraints to be
** run that haven't already been run.
*/
static void reorderConstraintChecks(Vdbe *v, ConstraintAddr *p){
  if( p->upsertTop ){
    testcase( sqlite3VdbeLabelHasBeenResolved(v, p->upsertTop) );
    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, p->upsertTop);
    VdbeComment((v, "call upsert subroutine"));
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, p->upsertBtm);
    p->upsertTop = 0;
  }
  if( p->ipkTop ){
    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, p->ipkTop);
    VdbeComment((v, "call rowid unique-check subroutine"));
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, p->ipkBtm);
    p->ipkTop = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Generate code to do constraint checks prior to an INSERT or an UPDATE
** on table pTab.
**
** The regNewData parameter is the first register in a range that contains
** the data to be inserted or the data after the update.  There will be

  int iIdxCur,         /* First index cursor */
  int regNewData,      /* First register in a range holding values to insert */
  int regOldData,      /* Previous content.  0 for INSERTs */
  u8 pkChng,           /* Non-zero if the rowid or PRIMARY KEY changed */
  u8 overrideError,    /* Override onError to this if not OE_Default */
  int ignoreDest,      /* Jump to this label on an OE_Ignore resolution */
  int *pbMayReplace,   /* OUT: Set to true if constraint may cause a replace */
  int *aiChng,         /* column i is unchanged if aiChng[i]<0 */
  Upsert *pUpsert      /* ON CONFLICT clauses, if any.  NULL otherwise */
){
  Vdbe *v;             /* VDBE under constrution */
  Index *pIdx;         /* Pointer to one of the indices */
  Index *pPk = 0;      /* The PRIMARY KEY index */
  sqlite3 *db;         /* Database connection */
  int i;               /* loop counter */
  int ix;              /* Index loop counter */
  int nCol;            /* Number of columns */
  int onError;         /* Conflict resolution strategy */
  int addr1;           /* Address of jump instruction */
  int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
  int nPkField;        /* Number of fields in PRIMARY KEY. 1 for ROWID tables */
  ConstraintAddr sAddr;/* Address information for constraint reordering */
  Index *pUpIdx = 0;   /* Index to which to apply the upsert */
  u8 isUpdate;         /* True if this is an UPDATE operation */
  u8 bAffinityDone = 0;  /* True if the OP_Affinity operation has been run */
  int upsertBypass = 0;  /* Address of Goto to bypass upsert subroutine */

  isUpdate = regOldData!=0;
  db = pParse->db;
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
  nCol = pTab->nCol;
  memset(&sAddr, 0, sizeof(sAddr));
  
  /* pPk is the PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables and NULL for
  ** normal rowid tables.  nPkField is the number of key fields in the 
  ** pPk index or 1 for a rowid table.  In other words, nPkField is the
  ** number of fields in the true primary key of the table. */
  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
    pPk = 0;

                              P5_ConstraintCheck);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
    }
    pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
  }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */

  /* UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints should be handled in the following
  ** order:
  **
  **   (1)  OE_Abort, OE_Fail, OE_Rollback, OE_Ignore
  **   (2)  OE_Update
  **   (3)  OE_Replace
  **
  ** OE_Fail and OE_Ignore must happen before any changes are made.
  ** OE_Update guarantees that only a single row will change, so it
  ** must happen before OE_Replace.  Technically, OE_Abort and OE_Rollback
  ** could happen in any order, but they are grouped up front for
  ** convenience.
  **
  ** Constraint checking code is generated in this order:
  **   (A)  The rowid constraint
  **   (B)  Unique index constraints that do not have OE_Replace as their
  **        default conflict resolution strategy
  **   (C)  Unique index that do use OE_Replace by default.
  **
  ** The ordering of (2) and (3) is accomplished by making sure the linked
  ** list of indexes attached to a table puts all OE_Replace indexes last
  ** in the list.  See sqlite3CreateIndex() for where that happens.
  */

  if( pUpsert ){
    if( pUpsert->pUpsertTarget==0 ){
      /* An ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING clause, without a constraint-target.
      ** Make all unique constraint resolution be OE_Ignore */
      assert( pUpsert->pUpsertSet==0 );
      overrideError = OE_Ignore;
      pUpsert = 0;
    }else if( (pUpIdx = pUpsert->pUpsertIdx)!=0 ){
      /* If the constraint-target is on some column other than
      ** then ROWID, then we might need to move the UPSERT around
      ** so that it occurs in the correct order. */
      sAddr.upsertTop = sAddr.upsertTop2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      sAddr.upsertBtm = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    }
  }

  /* If rowid is changing, make sure the new rowid does not previously
  ** exist in the table.
  */
  if( pkChng && pPk==0 ){
    int addrRowidOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    /* Figure out what action to take in case of a rowid collision */
    onError = pTab->keyConf;
    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
      onError = overrideError;
    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
      onError = OE_Abort;
    }

    /* figure out whether or not upsert applies in this case */
    if( pUpsert && pUpsert->pUpsertIdx==0 ){
      if( pUpsert->pUpsertSet==0 ){
        onError = OE_Ignore;  /* DO NOTHING is the same as INSERT OR IGNORE */
      }else{
        onError = OE_Update;  /* DO UPDATE */
      }
    }

    /* If the response to a rowid conflict is REPLACE but the response
    ** to some other UNIQUE constraint is FAIL or IGNORE, then we need
    ** to defer the running of the rowid conflict checking until after
    ** the UNIQUE constraints have run.
    */
    assert( OE_Update>OE_Replace );
    assert( OE_Ignore<OE_Replace );
    assert( OE_Fail<OE_Replace );
    assert( OE_Abort<OE_Replace );
    assert( OE_Rollback<OE_Replace );
    if( onError>=OE_Replace
     && (pUpsert || onError!=overrideError)
     && pTab->pIndex
    ){
      sAddr.ipkTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto)+1;
    }

    if( isUpdate ){
      /* pkChng!=0 does not mean that the rowid has changed, only that
      ** it might have changed.  Skip the conflict logic below if the rowid
      ** is unchanged. */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regNewData, addrRowidOk, regOldData);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }















    /* Check to see if the new rowid already exists in the table.  Skip
    ** the following conflict logic if it does not. */
    VdbeNoopComment((v, "uniqueness check for ROWID"));
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iDataCur, addrRowidOk, regNewData);
    VdbeCoverage(v);


    switch( onError ){
      default: {
        onError = OE_Abort;
        /* Fall thru into the next case */
      }
      case OE_Rollback:
      case OE_Abort:
      case OE_Fail: {
        testcase( onError==OE_Rollback );
        testcase( onError==OE_Abort );
        testcase( onError==OE_Fail );
        sqlite3RowidConstraint(pParse, onError, pTab);
        break;
      }
      case OE_Replace: {
        /* If there are DELETE triggers on this table and the
        ** recursive-triggers flag is set, call GenerateRowDelete() to
        ** remove the conflicting row from the table. This will fire

        }
        if( pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0) ){
          sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
          sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, pTrigger, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
                                   regNewData, 1, 0, OE_Replace, 1, -1);
        }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
          assert( HasRowid(pTab) );
          /* This OP_Delete opcode fires the pre-update-hook only. It does
          ** not modify the b-tree. It is more efficient to let the coming
          ** OP_Insert replace the existing entry than it is to delete the
          ** existing entry and then insert a new one. */
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iDataCur, OPFLAG_ISNOOP);
          sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, pTab, P4_TABLE);

#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
          if( pTab->pIndex ){
            sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
            sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur,0,-1);
          }
        }
        seenReplace = 1;
        break;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
      case OE_Update: {
        sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(pParse, pUpsert, pTab, 0, iDataCur);
        /* Fall through */
      }
#endif
      case OE_Ignore: {

        testcase( onError==OE_Ignore );
        sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ignoreDest);
        break;
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrRowidOk);
    if( sAddr.ipkTop ){
      sAddr.ipkBtm = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, sAddr.ipkTop-1);
    }
  }

  /* Test all UNIQUE constraints by creating entries for each UNIQUE
  ** index and making sure that duplicate entries do not already exist.
  ** Compute the revised record entries for indices as we go.
  **
  ** This loop also handles the case of the PRIMARY KEY index for a
  ** WITHOUT ROWID table.
  */
  for(ix=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, ix++){
    int regIdx;          /* Range of registers hold conent for pIdx */
    int regR;            /* Range of registers holding conflicting PK */
    int iThisCur;        /* Cursor for this UNIQUE index */
    int addrUniqueOk;    /* Jump here if the UNIQUE constraint is satisfied */

    if( aRegIdx[ix]==0 ) continue;  /* Skip indices that do not change */
    if( pUpIdx==pIdx ){
      addrUniqueOk = sAddr.upsertBtm;
      upsertBypass = sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, 0);
      VdbeComment((v, "Skip upsert subroutine"));
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, sAddr.upsertTop2);
    }else{
      addrUniqueOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    }
    VdbeNoopComment((v, "uniqueness check for %s", pIdx->zName));
    if( bAffinityDone==0 ){
      sqlite3TableAffinity(v, pTab, regNewData+1);
      bAffinityDone = 1;
    }
    iThisCur = iIdxCur+ix;


    /* Skip partial indices for which the WHERE clause is not true */
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, aRegIdx[ix]);
      pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, addrUniqueOk,
                            SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);

      continue;  /* pIdx is not a UNIQUE index */
    }
    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
      onError = overrideError;
    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
      onError = OE_Abort;
    }

    /* Figure out if the upsert clause applies to this index */
    if( pUpIdx==pIdx ){
      if( pUpsert->pUpsertSet==0 ){
        onError = OE_Ignore;  /* DO NOTHING is the same as INSERT OR IGNORE */
      }else{
        onError = OE_Update;  /* DO UPDATE */
      }
    }

    /* Invoke subroutines to handle IPK replace and upsert prior to running
    ** the first REPLACE constraint check. */
    if( onError==OE_Replace ){
      testcase( sAddr.ipkTop );
      testcase( sAddr.upsertTop
             && sqlite3VdbeLabelHasBeenResolved(v,sAddr.upsertTop) );
      reorderConstraintChecks(v, &sAddr);
    }

    /* Collision detection may be omitted if all of the following are true:
    **   (1) The conflict resolution algorithm is REPLACE
    **   (2) The table is a WITHOUT ROWID table
    **   (3) There are no secondary indexes on the table
    **   (4) No delete triggers need to be fired if there is a conflict
    **   (5) No FK constraint counters need to be updated if a conflict occurs.

          }
        }
      }
    }

    /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
        || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace || onError==OE_Update );
    switch( onError ){
      case OE_Rollback:
      case OE_Abort:
      case OE_Fail: {
        testcase( onError==OE_Rollback );
        testcase( onError==OE_Abort );
        testcase( onError==OE_Fail );
        sqlite3UniqueConstraint(pParse, onError, pIdx);
        break;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
      case OE_Update: {
        sqlite3UpsertDoUpdate(pParse, pUpsert, pTab, pIdx, iIdxCur+ix);
        /* Fall through */
      }
#endif
      case OE_Ignore: {
        testcase( onError==OE_Ignore );
        sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, ignoreDest);
        break;
      }
      default: {
        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
        assert( onError==OE_Replace );
        sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
        if( db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
        }
        sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, pTrigger, iDataCur, iIdxCur,
            regR, nPkField, 0, OE_Replace,
            (pIdx==pPk ? ONEPASS_SINGLE : ONEPASS_OFF), iThisCur);
        seenReplace = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    if( pUpIdx==pIdx ){
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, upsertBypass);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
    }
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
    if( regR!=regIdx ) sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regR, nPkField);




  }
  testcase( sAddr.ipkTop!=0 );
  testcase( sAddr.upsertTop
         && sqlite3VdbeLabelHasBeenResolved(v,sAddr.upsertTop) );
  reorderConstraintChecks(v, &sAddr);
  
  *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "END: GenCnstCks(%d)", seenReplace));
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
/*

    }

    case SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL: {
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nStmtSpill = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE: {
      int iVal = va_arg(ap, int);
      if( iVal<0 ){
        iVal = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SORTERREF_SIZE;
      }
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szSorterRef = (u32)iVal;
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES */

    default: {
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      break;
    }
  }
  va_end(ap);
  return rc;

        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY,           SQLITE_ForeignKeys    },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER,        SQLITE_EnableTrigger  },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER, SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, SQLITE_LoadExtension  },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE,      SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG,           SQLITE_EnableQPSG     },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP,           SQLITE_TriggerEQP     },
        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE,        SQLITE_ResetDatabase  },
      };
      unsigned int i;
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-42790-23372 */
      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aFlagOp); i++){
        if( aFlagOp[i].op==op ){
          int onoff = va_arg(ap, int);
          int *pRes = va_arg(ap, int*);

    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS: {
      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
      db->dbOptFlags = (u16)(va_arg(ap, int) & 0xffff);
      break;
    }



















    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT, int onoff);
    **
    ** If parameter onoff is non-zero, configure the wrappers so that all
    ** subsequent calls to localtime() and variants fail. If onoff is zero,
    ** undo this setting.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT: {

/*
 * The size of the buffer used by sqlite3_win32_write_debug().
 */
#ifndef SQLITE_WIN32_DBG_BUF_SIZE
#  define SQLITE_WIN32_DBG_BUF_SIZE   ((int)(4096-sizeof(DWORD)))
#endif

















/*
 * If compiled with SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC on Windows, we will use the
 * various Win32 API heap functions instead of our own.
 */
#ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC

/*

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
#endif
  return winUtf8ToMbcs(zText, useAnsi);
}

/*
** This function is the same as sqlite3_win32_set_directory (below); however,



** it accepts a UTF-8 string.
*/
int sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(
  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
  const char *zValue  /* New value for directory being set or reset */
){
  char **ppDirectory = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  int rc = sqlite3_initialize();
  if( rc ) return rc;
#endif
  if( type==SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE ){
    ppDirectory = &sqlite3_data_directory;
  }else if( type==SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE ){
    ppDirectory = &sqlite3_temp_directory;
  }
  assert( !ppDirectory || type==SQLITE_WIN32_DATA_DIRECTORY_TYPE
          || type==SQLITE_WIN32_TEMP_DIRECTORY_TYPE
  );
  assert( !ppDirectory || sqlite3MemdebugHasType(*ppDirectory, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
  if( ppDirectory ){
    char *zCopy = 0;
    if( zValue && zValue[0] ){
      zCopy = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zValue);
      if ( zCopy==0 ){
        return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
      }
    }
    sqlite3_free(*ppDirectory);
    *ppDirectory = zCopy;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  return SQLITE_ERROR;
}

/*
** This function is the same as sqlite3_win32_set_directory (below); however,
** it accepts a UTF-16 string.
*/
int sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(
  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
  const void *zValue  /* New value for directory being set or reset */
){
  int rc;
  char *zUtf8 = 0;
  if( zValue ){
    zUtf8 = sqlite3_win32_unicode_to_utf8(zValue);
    if( zUtf8==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
  }
  rc = sqlite3_win32_set_directory8(type, zUtf8);
  if( zUtf8 ) sqlite3_free(zUtf8);
  return rc;
}

/*
** This function sets the data directory or the temporary directory based on
** the provided arguments.  The type argument must be 1 in order to set the
** data directory or 2 in order to set the temporary directory.  The zValue
** argument is the name of the directory to use.  The return value will be
** SQLITE_OK if successful.
*/
int sqlite3_win32_set_directory(
  unsigned long type, /* Identifier for directory being set or reset */
  void *zValue        /* New value for directory being set or reset */
){
  return sqlite3_win32_set_directory16(type, zValue);
}

/*
** The return value of winGetLastErrorMsg
** is zero if the error message fits in the buffer, or non-zero
** otherwise (if the message was truncated).
*/
static int winGetLastErrorMsg(DWORD lastErrno, int nBuf, char *zBuf){

// The type of the data attached to each token is Token.  This is also the
// default type for non-terminals.
//
%token_type {Token}
%default_type {Token}

// An extra argument to the constructor for the parser, which is available
// to all actions.
%extra_context {Parse *pParse}

// This code runs whenever there is a syntax error
//
%syntax_error {
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
  if( TOKEN.z[0] ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);

} // end %include

// Input is a single SQL command
input ::= cmdlist.
cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd.
cmdlist ::= ecmd.
ecmd ::= SEMI.
ecmd ::= cmdx SEMI.

%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
ecmd ::= explain cmdx.
explain ::= EXPLAIN.              { pParse->explain = 1; }
explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.   { pParse->explain = 2; }
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
cmdx ::= cmd.           { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }

///////////////////// Begin and end transactions. ////////////////////////////
//

// The following directive causes tokens ABORT, AFTER, ASC, etc. to
// fallback to ID if they will not parse as their original value.
// This obviates the need for the "id" nonterminal.
//
%fallback ID
  ABORT ACTION AFTER ANALYZE ASC ATTACH BEFORE BEGIN BY CASCADE CAST COLUMNKW
  CONFLICT DATABASE DEFERRED DESC DETACH DO
  EACH END EXCLUSIVE EXPLAIN FAIL FOR
  IGNORE IMMEDIATE INITIALLY INSTEAD LIKE_KW MATCH NO PLAN
  QUERY KEY OF OFFSET PRAGMA RAISE RECURSIVE RELEASE REPLACE RESTRICT ROW
  ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT TEMP TRIGGER VACUUM VIEW VIRTUAL WITH WITHOUT
%ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  EXCEPT INTERSECT UNION
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  REINDEX RENAME CTIME_KW IF

%right ESCAPE.
%left BITAND BITOR LSHIFT RSHIFT.
%left PLUS MINUS.
%left STAR SLASH REM.
%left CONCAT.
%left COLLATE.
%right BITNOT.
%nonassoc ON.

// An IDENTIFIER can be a generic identifier, or one of several
// keywords.  Any non-standard keyword can also be an identifier.
//
%token_class id  ID|INDEXED.

%type fullname {SrcList*}
%destructor fullname {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
fullname(A) ::= nm(X).  
   {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
fullname(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y).  
   {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,&Y); /*A-overwrites-X*/}

%type xfullname {SrcList*}
%destructor xfullname {sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
xfullname(A) ::= nm(X).  
   {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
xfullname(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y).  
   {A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,&Y); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
xfullname(A) ::= nm(X) DOT nm(Y) AS nm(Z).  {
   A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,&Y); /*A-overwrites-X*/
   if( A ) A->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &Z);
}
xfullname(A) ::= nm(X) AS nm(Z). {  
   A = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&X,0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
   if( A ) A->a[0].zAlias = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, &Z);
}

%type joinop {int}
joinop(X) ::= COMMA|JOIN.              { X = JT_INNER; }
joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) JOIN.
                  {X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) JOIN.
                  {X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) nm(C) JOIN.
                  {X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,&C);/*X-overwrites-A*/}

// There is a parsing abiguity in an upsert statement that uses a
// SELECT on the RHS of a the INSERT:
//
//      INSERT INTO tab SELECT * FROM aaa JOIN bbb ON CONFLICT ...
//                                        here ----^^
//
// When the ON token is encountered, the parser does not know if it is
// the beginning of an ON CONFLICT clause, or the beginning of an ON
// clause associated with the JOIN.  The conflict is resolved in favor
// of the JOIN.  If an ON CONFLICT clause is intended, insert a dummy
// WHERE clause in between, like this:
//
//      INSERT INTO tab SELECT * FROM aaa JOIN bbb WHERE true ON CONFLICT ...
//
// The [AND] and [OR] precedence marks in the rules for on_opt cause the
// ON in this context to always be interpreted as belonging to the JOIN.
//
%type on_opt {Expr*}
%destructor on_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
on_opt(N) ::= ON expr(E).  {N = E;}
on_opt(N) ::= .     [OR]   {N = 0;}

// Note that this block abuses the Token type just a little. If there is
// no "INDEXED BY" clause, the returned token is empty (z==0 && n==0). If
// there is an INDEXED BY clause, then the token is populated as per normal,
// with z pointing to the token data and n containing the number of bytes
// in the token.
//

                         {A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,X,Y);}
limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT expr(X) COMMA expr(Y). 
                         {A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,Y,X);}

/////////////////////////// The DELETE statement /////////////////////////////
//
%ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname(X) indexed_opt(I) where_opt(W) 
        orderby_opt(O) limit_opt(L). {
  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,W,O,L);
}
%endif
%ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
cmd ::= with DELETE FROM xfullname(X) indexed_opt(I) where_opt(W). {
  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,X,W,0,0);
}
%endif

%type where_opt {Expr*}
%destructor where_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

where_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
where_opt(A) ::= WHERE expr(X).       {A = X;}

////////////////////////// The UPDATE command ////////////////////////////////
//
%ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf(R) xfullname(X) indexed_opt(I) SET setlist(Y)
        where_opt(W) orderby_opt(O) limit_opt(L).  {
  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,Y,"set list"); 
  sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,W,R,O,L,0);
}
%endif
%ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf(R) xfullname(X) indexed_opt(I) SET setlist(Y)
        where_opt(W).  {
  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, X, &I);
  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,Y,"set list"); 
  sqlite3Update(pParse,X,Y,W,R,0,0,0);
}
%endif

%type setlist {ExprList*}
%destructor setlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

setlist(A) ::= setlist(A) COMMA nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {

}
setlist(A) ::= LP idlist(X) RP EQ expr(Y). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, X, Y);
}

////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= with insert_cmd(R) INTO xfullname(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S)
        upsert(U). {
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, S, F, R, U);
}
cmd ::= with insert_cmd(R) INTO xfullname(X) idlist_opt(F) DEFAULT VALUES.
{
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, F, R, 0);
}

%type upsert {Upsert*}

// Because upsert only occurs at the tip end of the INSERT rule for cmd,
// there is never a case where the value of the upsert pointer will not
// be destroyed by the cmd action.  So comment-out the destructor to
// avoid unreachable code.
//%destructor upsert {sqlite3UpsertDelete(pParse->db,$$);}
upsert(A) ::= . { A = 0; }
upsert(A) ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist(T) RP where_opt(TW)
              DO UPDATE SET setlist(Z) where_opt(W).
              { A = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,T,TW,Z,W);}
upsert(A) ::= ON CONFLICT LP sortlist(T) RP where_opt(TW) DO NOTHING.
              { A = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,T,TW,0,0); }
upsert(A) ::= ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING.
              { A = sqlite3UpsertNew(pParse->db,0,0,0,0); }

%type insert_cmd {int}
insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}

%type idlist_opt {IdList*}
%destructor idlist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type idlist {IdList*}

// UPDATE 
trigger_cmd(A) ::=
   UPDATE(B) orconf(R) trnm(X) tridxby SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z) scanpt(E).  
   {A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, Z, R, B.z, E);}

// INSERT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= scanpt(B) insert_cmd(R) INTO
                      trnm(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S) upsert(U) scanpt(Z). {
   A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db,&X,F,S,R,U,B,Z);/*A-overwrites-R*/
}
// DELETE
trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE(B) FROM trnm(X) tridxby where_opt(Y) scanpt(E).
   {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, B.z, E);}

// SELECT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= scanpt(B) select(X) scanpt(E).
   {A = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, X, B, E); /*A-overwrites-X*/}

  Db *pDb;
  char const *azArg[4];
  int meta[5];
  InitData initData;
  const char *zMasterName;
  int openedTransaction = 0;

  assert( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0 );
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( db->aDb[iDb].pSchema );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  assert( iDb==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[iDb].pBt) );

  db->init.busy = 1;

  **    meta[9]   unused
  **
  ** Note: The #defined SQLITE_UTF* symbols in sqliteInt.h correspond to
  ** the possible values of meta[4].
  */
  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(meta); i++){
    sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(pDb->pBt, i+1, (u32 *)&meta[i]);
  }
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_ResetDatabase)!=0 ){
    memset(meta, 0, sizeof(meta));
  }
  pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = meta[BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION-1];

  /* If opening a non-empty database, check the text encoding. For the
  ** main database, set sqlite3.enc to the encoding of the main database.
  ** For an attached db, it is an error if the encoding is not the same
  ** as sqlite3.enc.

  /* Do the main schema first */
  if( !DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 0, pzErrMsg);
    if( rc ) return rc;
  }
  /* All other schemas after the main schema. The "temp" schema must be last */
  for(i=db->nDb-1; i>0; i--){
    assert( i==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[i].pBt) );
    if( !DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
      rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
      if( rc ) return rc;
    }
  }
  if( commit_internal ){
    sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);

*/
int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  if( !db->init.busy ){
    rc = sqlite3Init(db, &pParse->zErrMsg);

    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      pParse->rc = rc;
      pParse->nErr++;
    }else if( db->noSharedCache ){
      db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}


/*
** Check schema cookies in all databases.  If any cookie is out

  }
  rc = sParse.rc;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sParse.pVdbe && sParse.explain ){
    static const char * const azColName[] = {
       "addr", "opcode", "p1", "p2", "p3", "p4", "p5", "comment",
       "id", "parent", "notused", "detail"
    };
    int iFirst, mx;
    if( sParse.explain==2 ){
      sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(sParse.pVdbe, 4);
      iFirst = 8;
      mx = 12;
    }else{

  int cntTab = 0;                   /* Number of matching table names */
  int nSubquery = 0;                /* How many levels of subquery */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;       /* Use for looping over pSrcList items */
  struct SrcList_item *pMatch = 0;  /* The matching pSrcList item */
  NameContext *pTopNC = pNC;        /* First namecontext in the list */
  Schema *pSchema = 0;              /* Schema of the expression */
  int eNewExprOp = TK_COLUMN;       /* New value for pExpr->op on success */
  Table *pTab = 0;                  /* Table hold the row */
  Column *pCol;                     /* A column of pTab */

  assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
  assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );

        if( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->pTab->pSchema;
      }
    } /* if( pSrcList ) */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT)
    /* If we have not already resolved the name, then maybe 
    ** it is a new.* or old.* trigger argument reference.  Or
    ** maybe it is an excluded.* from an upsert.
    */
    if( zDb==0 && zTab!=0 && cntTab==0 ){
      pTab = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
      if( pParse->pTriggerTab!=0 ){
        int op = pParse->eTriggerOp;
        assert( op==TK_DELETE || op==TK_UPDATE || op==TK_INSERT );
        if( op!=TK_DELETE && sqlite3StrICmp("new",zTab) == 0 ){
          pExpr->iTable = 1;
          pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
        }else if( op!=TK_INSERT && sqlite3StrICmp("old",zTab)==0 ){
          pExpr->iTable = 0;
          pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
        }
      }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
      if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_UUpsert)!=0 ){
        Upsert *pUpsert = pNC->uNC.pUpsert;
        if( pUpsert && sqlite3StrICmp("excluded",zTab)==0 ){
          pTab = pUpsert->pUpsertSrc->a[0].pTab;
          pExpr->iTable = 2;
        }
      }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT */

      if( pTab ){ 
        int iCol;
        pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
        cntTab++;
        for(iCol=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++, pCol++){
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
            if( iCol==pTab->iPKey ){
              iCol = -1;
            }
            break;
          }
        }
        if( iCol>=pTab->nCol && sqlite3IsRowid(zCol) && VisibleRowid(pTab) ){
          /* IMP: R-51414-32910 */
          iCol = -1;
        }
        if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
          cnt++;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
          if( pExpr->iTable==2 ){
            testcase( iCol==(-1) );
            pExpr->iTable = pNC->uNC.pUpsert->regData + iCol;
            eNewExprOp = TK_REGISTER;
          }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT */
          {
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
            if( iCol<0 ){
              pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
            }else if( pExpr->iTable==0 ){
              testcase( iCol==31 );
              testcase( iCol==32 );
              pParse->oldmask |= (iCol>=32 ? 0xffffffff : (((u32)1)<<iCol));
            }else{
              testcase( iCol==31 );
              testcase( iCol==32 );
              pParse->newmask |= (iCol>=32 ? 0xffffffff : (((u32)1)<<iCol));
            }
            pExpr->pTab = pTab;
            pExpr->iColumn = (i16)iCol;
            eNewExprOp = TK_TRIGGER;

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */
          }
        }
      }
    }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT) */

    /*
    ** Perhaps the name is a reference to the ROWID
    */
    if( cnt==0
     && cntTab==1
     && pMatch

    **
    ** The ability to use an output result-set column in the WHERE, GROUP BY,
    ** or HAVING clauses, or as part of a larger expression in the ORDER BY
    ** clause is not standard SQL.  This is a (goofy) SQLite extension, that
    ** is supported for backwards compatibility only. Hence, we issue a warning
    ** on sqlite3_log() whenever the capability is used.
    */
    if( (pNC->ncFlags & NC_UEList)!=0

     && cnt==0
     && zTab==0
    ){
      pEList = pNC->uNC.pEList;
      assert( pEList!=0 );
      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
        char *zAs = pEList->a[j].zName;
        if( zAs!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zAs, zCol)==0 ){
          Expr *pOrig;
          assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
          assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 );
          assert( pExpr->x.pSelect==0 );

  /* Clean up and return
  */
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
  pExpr->pLeft = 0;
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
  pExpr->pRight = 0;
  pExpr->op = eNewExprOp;
  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf);
lookupname_end:
  if( cnt==1 ){
    assert( pNC!=0 );
    if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Alias) ){
      sqlite3AuthRead(pParse, pExpr, pSchema, pNC->pSrcList);
    }

  pEList = pSelect->pEList;

  /* Resolve all names in the ORDER BY term expression
  */
  memset(&nc, 0, sizeof(nc));
  nc.pParse = pParse;
  nc.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
  nc.uNC.pEList = pEList;
  nc.ncFlags = NC_AllowAgg|NC_UEList;
  nc.nErr = 0;
  db = pParse->db;
  savedSuppErr = db->suppressErr;
  db->suppressErr = 1;
  rc = sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&nc, pE);
  db->suppressErr = savedSuppErr;
  if( rc ) return 0;

    ** other expressions in the SELECT statement. This is so that
    ** expressions in the WHERE clause (etc.) can refer to expressions by
    ** aliases in the result set.
    **
    ** Minor point: If this is the case, then the expression will be
    ** re-evaluated for each reference to it.
    */
    assert( (sNC.ncFlags & (NC_UAggInfo|NC_UUpsert))==0 );
    sNC.uNC.pEList = p->pEList;
    sNC.ncFlags |= NC_UEList;
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pWhere) ) return WRC_Abort;

    /* Resolve names in table-valued-function arguments */
    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
      if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc

** Any errors cause an error message to be set in pParse.
*/
void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(
  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
  Table *pTab,        /* The table being referenced */
  int type,           /* NC_IsCheck or NC_PartIdx or NC_IdxExpr */
  Expr *pExpr,        /* Expression to resolve.  May be NULL. */
  ExprList *pList     /* Expression list to resolve.  May be NULL. */
){
  SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
  NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */

  assert( type==NC_IsCheck || type==NC_PartIdx || type==NC_IdxExpr );
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));

/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
/***/ int sqlite3SelectTrace = 0;
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
  if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%s/%d/%p: ",(S)->zSelName,(P)->addrExplain,(S)),\
    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
#endif


/*

  int tabTnct;    /* Ephemeral table used for DISTINCT processing */
  int addrTnct;   /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral opcode for tabTnct */
};

/*
** An instance of the following object is used to record information about
** the ORDER BY (or GROUP BY) clause of query is being coded.
**
** The aDefer[] array is used by the sorter-references optimization. For
** example, assuming there is no index that can be used for the ORDER BY,
** for the query:
**
**     SELECT a, bigblob FROM t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10;
**
** it may be more efficient to add just the "a" values to the sorter, and
** retrieve the associated "bigblob" values directly from table t1 as the
** 10 smallest "a" values are extracted from the sorter.
**
** When the sorter-reference optimization is used, there is one entry in the
** aDefer[] array for each database table that may be read as values are
** extracted from the sorter.
*/
typedef struct SortCtx SortCtx;
struct SortCtx {
  ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY (or GROUP BY clause) */
  int nOBSat;           /* Number of ORDER BY terms satisfied by indices */
  int iECursor;         /* Cursor number for the sorter */
  int regReturn;        /* Register holding block-output return address */
  int labelBkOut;       /* Start label for the block-output subroutine */
  int addrSortIndex;    /* Address of the OP_SorterOpen or OP_OpenEphemeral */
  int labelDone;        /* Jump here when done, ex: LIMIT reached */
  u8 sortFlags;         /* Zero or more SORTFLAG_* bits */
  u8 bOrderedInnerLoop; /* ORDER BY correctly sorts the inner loop */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  u8 nDefer;            /* Number of valid entries in aDefer[] */
  struct DeferredCsr {
    Table *pTab;        /* Table definition */
    int iCsr;           /* Cursor number for table */
    int nKey;           /* Number of PK columns for table pTab (>=1) */
  } aDefer[4];
#endif
  struct RowLoadInfo *pDeferredRowLoad;  /* Deferred row loading info or NULL */
};
#define SORTFLAG_UseSorter  0x01   /* Use SorterOpen instead of OpenEphemeral */

/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure.  Deallocate the structure
** itself only if bFree is true.
*/

/* Forward reference */
static KeyInfo *keyInfoFromExprList(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,     /* Form the KeyInfo object from this ExprList */
  int iStart,          /* Begin with this column of pList */
  int nExtra           /* Add this many extra columns to the end */
);

/*
** An instance of this object holds information (beyond pParse and pSelect)
** needed to load the next result row that is to be added to the sorter.
*/
typedef struct RowLoadInfo RowLoadInfo;
struct RowLoadInfo {
  int regResult;               /* Store results in array of registers here */
  u8 ecelFlags;                /* Flag argument to ExprCodeExprList() */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  ExprList *pExtra;            /* Extra columns needed by sorter refs */
  int regExtraResult;          /* Where to load the extra columns */
#endif
};

/*
** This routine does the work of loading query data into an array of
** registers so that it can be added to the sorter.
*/
static void innerLoopLoadRow(
  Parse *pParse,             /* Statement under construction */
  Select *pSelect,           /* The query being coded */
  RowLoadInfo *pInfo         /* Info needed to complete the row load */
){
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, pInfo->regResult,
                          0, pInfo->ecelFlags);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  if( pInfo->pExtra ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pInfo->pExtra, pInfo->regExtraResult, 0, 0);
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pInfo->pExtra);
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Code the OP_MakeRecord instruction that generates the entry to be
** added into the sorter.
**
** Return the register in which the result is stored.
*/
static int makeSorterRecord(
  Parse *pParse,
  SortCtx *pSort,
  Select *pSelect,
  int regBase,
  int nBase
){
  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int regOut = ++pParse->nMem;
  if( pSort->pDeferredRowLoad ){
    innerLoopLoadRow(pParse, pSelect, pSort->pDeferredRowLoad);
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase+nOBSat, nBase-nOBSat, regOut);
  return regOut;
}

/*
** Generate code that will push the record in registers regData
** through regData+nData-1 onto the sorter.
*/
static void pushOntoSorter(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
  SortCtx *pSort,        /* Information about the ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
  int regData,           /* First register holding data to be sorted */
  int regOrigData,       /* First register holding data before packing */
  int nData,             /* Number of elements in the regData data array */
  int nPrefixReg         /* No. of reg prior to regData available for use */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                         /* Stmt under construction */
  int bSeq = ((pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter)==0);
  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;              /* No. of ORDER BY terms */
  int nBase = nExpr + bSeq + nData;                /* Fields in sorter record */
  int regBase;                                     /* Regs for sorter record */
  int regRecord = 0;                               /* Assembled sorter record */
  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;                      /* ORDER BY terms to skip */
  int op;                            /* Opcode to add sorter record to sorter */
  int iLimit;                        /* LIMIT counter */
  int iSkip = 0;                     /* End of the sorter insert loop */

  assert( bSeq==0 || bSeq==1 );

  /* Three cases:
  **   (1) The data to be sorted has already been packed into a Record
  **       by a prior OP_MakeRecord.  In this case nData==1 and regData
  **       will be completely unrelated to regOrigData.
  **   (2) All output columns are included in the sort record.  In that
  **       case regData==regOrigData.
  **   (3) Some output columns are omitted from the sort record due to
  **       the SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCE optimization, or due to the
  **       SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF optimization.  In that case, regOrigData==0
  **       to prevent this routine from trying to copy values that might
  **       not exist.
  */
  assert( nData==1 || regData==regOrigData || regOrigData==0 );

  if( nPrefixReg ){
    assert( nPrefixReg==nExpr+bSeq );
    regBase = regData - nPrefixReg;
  }else{
    regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += nBase;
  }
  assert( pSelect->iOffset==0 || pSelect->iLimit!=0 );
  iLimit = pSelect->iOffset ? pSelect->iOffset+1 : pSelect->iLimit;
  pSort->labelDone = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, regOrigData,
                          SQLITE_ECEL_DUP | (regOrigData? SQLITE_ECEL_REF : 0));
  if( bSeq ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
  }
  if( nPrefixReg==0 && nData>0 ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+bSeq, nData);
  }

  if( nOBSat>0 ){
    int regPrevKey;   /* The first nOBSat columns of the previous row */
    int addrFirst;    /* Address of the OP_IfNot opcode */
    int addrJmp;      /* Address of the OP_Jump opcode */
    VdbeOp *pOp;      /* Opcode that opens the sorter */
    int nKey;         /* Number of sorting key columns, including OP_Sequence */
    KeyInfo *pKI;     /* Original KeyInfo on the sorter table */

    regRecord = makeSorterRecord(pParse, pSort, pSelect, regBase, nBase);
    regPrevKey = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += pSort->nOBSat;
    nKey = nExpr - pSort->nOBSat + bSeq;
    if( bSeq ){
      addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regBase+nExpr); 
    }else{
      addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SequenceTest, pSort->iECursor);

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, iLimit, pSort->labelDone);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrFirst);
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regBase, regPrevKey, pSort->nOBSat);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrJmp);
  }
  if( iLimit ){
    /* At this point the values for the new sorter entry are stored
    ** in an array of registers. They need to be composed into a record
    ** and inserted into the sorter if either (a) there are currently
    ** less than LIMIT+OFFSET items or (b) the new record is smaller than 
    ** the largest record currently in the sorter. If (b) is true and there
    ** are already LIMIT+OFFSET items in the sorter, delete the largest
    ** entry before inserting the new one. This way there are never more 
    ** than LIMIT+OFFSET items in the sorter.
    **
    ** If the new record does not need to be inserted into the sorter,
    ** jump to the next iteration of the loop. Or, if the
    ** pSort->bOrderedInnerLoop flag is set to indicate that the inner
    ** loop delivers items in sorted order, jump to the next iteration
    ** of the outer loop.
    */
    int iCsr = pSort->iECursor;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNotZero, iLimit, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+4);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Last, iCsr, 0);
    iSkip = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxLE,
                                 iCsr, 0, regBase+nOBSat, nExpr-nOBSat);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, iCsr);
  }
  if( regRecord==0 ){
    regRecord = makeSorterRecord(pParse, pSort, pSelect, regBase, nBase);
  }
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    op = OP_SorterInsert;
  }else{
    op = OP_IdxInsert;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, pSort->iECursor, regRecord,
                       regBase+nOBSat, nBase-nOBSat);
  if( iSkip ){








    assert( pSort->bOrderedInnerLoop==0 || pSort->bOrderedInnerLoop==1 );













    sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, iSkip,


         sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + pSort->bOrderedInnerLoop);
  }
}

/*
** Add code to implement the OFFSET
*/
static void codeOffset(

  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iTab, addrRepeat, iMem, N); VdbeCoverage(v);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, iMem, N, r1);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iTab, r1, iMem, N);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
/*
** This function is called as part of inner-loop generation for a SELECT
** statement with an ORDER BY that is not optimized by an index. It 
** determines the expressions, if any, that the sorter-reference 
** optimization should be used for. The sorter-reference optimization
** is used for SELECT queries like:
**
**   SELECT a, bigblob FROM t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10
**
** If the optimization is used for expression "bigblob", then instead of
** storing values read from that column in the sorter records, the PK of
** the row from table t1 is stored instead. Then, as records are extracted from
** the sorter to return to the user, the required value of bigblob is
** retrieved directly from table t1. If the values are very large, this 
** can be more efficient than storing them directly in the sorter records.
**
** The ExprList_item.bSorterRef flag is set for each expression in pEList 
** for which the sorter-reference optimization should be enabled. 
** Additionally, the pSort->aDefer[] array is populated with entries
** for all cursors required to evaluate all selected expressions. Finally.
** output variable (*ppExtra) is set to an expression list containing
** expressions for all extra PK values that should be stored in the
** sorter records.
*/
static void selectExprDefer(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Leave any error here */
  SortCtx *pSort,                 /* Sorter context */
  ExprList *pEList,               /* Expressions destined for sorter */
  ExprList **ppExtra              /* Expressions to append to sorter record */
){
  int i;
  int nDefer = 0;
  ExprList *pExtra = 0;
  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
    struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pEList->a[i];
    if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol==0 ){
      Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;
      Table *pTab = pExpr->pTab;
      if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pTab && !IsVirtual(pTab)
       && (pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].colFlags & COLFLAG_SORTERREF)
      ){
        int j;
        for(j=0; j<nDefer; j++){
          if( pSort->aDefer[j].iCsr==pExpr->iTable ) break;
        }
        if( j==nDefer ){
          if( nDefer==ArraySize(pSort->aDefer) ){
            continue;
          }else{
            int nKey = 1;
            int k;
            Index *pPk = 0;
            if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
              pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
              nKey = pPk->nKeyCol;
            }
            for(k=0; k<nKey; k++){
              Expr *pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0);
              if( pNew ){
                pNew->iTable = pExpr->iTable;
                pNew->pTab = pExpr->pTab;
                pNew->iColumn = pPk ? pPk->aiColumn[k] : -1;
                pExtra = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pExtra, pNew);
              }
            }
            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].pTab = pExpr->pTab;
            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].iCsr = pExpr->iTable;
            pSort->aDefer[nDefer].nKey = nKey;
            nDefer++;
          }
        }
        pItem->bSorterRef = 1;
      }
    }
  }
  pSort->nDefer = (u8)nDefer;
  *ppExtra = pExtra;
}
#endif

/*
** This routine generates the code for the inside of the inner loop
** of a SELECT.
**
** If srcTab is negative, then the p->pEList expressions
** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row.  If srcTab is
** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and p->pEList is used only 

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  int hasDistinct;            /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
  int eDest = pDest->eDest;   /* How to dispose of results */
  int iParm = pDest->iSDParm; /* First argument to disposal method */
  int nResultCol;             /* Number of result columns */
  int nPrefixReg = 0;         /* Number of extra registers before regResult */
  RowLoadInfo sRowLoadInfo;   /* Info for deferred row loading */

  /* Usually, regResult is the first cell in an array of memory cells
  ** containing the current result row. In this case regOrig is set to the
  ** same value. However, if the results are being sent to the sorter, the
  ** values for any expressions that are also part of the sort-key are omitted
  ** from this array. In this case regOrig is set to zero.  */
  int regResult;              /* Start of memory holding current results */

  regOrig = regResult = pDest->iSdst;
  if( srcTab>=0 ){
    for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, i, regResult+i);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", p->pEList->a[i].zName));
    }
  }else if( eDest!=SRT_Exists ){
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    ExprList *pExtra = 0;
#endif
    /* If the destination is an EXISTS(...) expression, the actual
    ** values returned by the SELECT are not required.
    */
    u8 ecelFlags;    /* "ecel" is an abbreviation of "ExprCodeExprList" */
    ExprList *pEList;
    if( eDest==SRT_Mem || eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
      ecelFlags = SQLITE_ECEL_DUP;
    }else{
      ecelFlags = 0;
    }
    if( pSort && hasDistinct==0 && eDest!=SRT_EphemTab && eDest!=SRT_Table ){
      /* For each expression in p->pEList that is a copy of an expression in
      ** the ORDER BY clause (pSort->pOrderBy), set the associated 
      ** iOrderByCol value to one more than the index of the ORDER BY 
      ** expression within the sort-key that pushOntoSorter() will generate.
      ** This allows the p->pEList field to be omitted from the sorted record,
      ** saving space and CPU cycles.  */
      ecelFlags |= (SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF|SQLITE_ECEL_REF);

      for(i=pSort->nOBSat; i<pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
        int j;
        if( (j = pSort->pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol)>0 ){
          p->pEList->a[j-1].u.x.iOrderByCol = i+1-pSort->nOBSat;
        }
      }
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
      selectExprDefer(pParse, pSort, p->pEList, &pExtra);
      if( pExtra && pParse->db->mallocFailed==0 ){
        /* If there are any extra PK columns to add to the sorter records,
        ** allocate extra memory cells and adjust the OpenEphemeral 
        ** instruction to account for the larger records. This is only
        ** required if there are one or more WITHOUT ROWID tables with
        ** composite primary keys in the SortCtx.aDefer[] array.  */
        VdbeOp *pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pSort->addrSortIndex);
        pOp->p2 += (pExtra->nExpr - pSort->nDefer);
        pOp->p4.pKeyInfo->nAllField += (pExtra->nExpr - pSort->nDefer);
        pParse->nMem += pExtra->nExpr;
      }
#endif

      /* Adjust nResultCol to account for columns that are omitted
      ** from the sorter by the optimizations in this branch */
      pEList = p->pEList;
      for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
        if( pEList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol>0
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
         || pEList->a[i].bSorterRef
#endif
        ){
          nResultCol--;
          regOrig = 0;
        }
      }

      testcase( regOrig );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Set );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Mem );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      assert( eDest==SRT_Set || eDest==SRT_Mem 
           || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Output );
    }
    sRowLoadInfo.regResult = regResult;
    sRowLoadInfo.ecelFlags = ecelFlags;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    sRowLoadInfo.pExtra = pExtra;
    sRowLoadInfo.regExtraResult = regResult + nResultCol;
    if( pExtra ) nResultCol += pExtra->nExpr;
#endif
    if( p->iLimit
     && (ecelFlags & SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF)!=0 
     && nPrefixReg>0
    ){
      assert( pSort!=0 );
      assert( hasDistinct==0 );
      pSort->pDeferredRowLoad = &sRowLoadInfo;
    }else{
      innerLoopLoadRow(pParse, p, &sRowLoadInfo);
    }
  }

  /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
  ** and this row has been seen before, then do not make this row
  ** part of the result.
  */
  if( hasDistinct ){

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1,regResult,nResultCol);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        assert( regResult==regOrig );
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg, regOrig, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }

**
**   "USE TEMP B-TREE FOR xxx"
**
** where xxx is one of "DISTINCT", "ORDER BY" or "GROUP BY". Exactly which
** is determined by the zUsage argument.
*/
static void explainTempTable(Parse *pParse, const char *zUsage){


  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "USE TEMP B-TREE FOR %s", zUsage));


}

/*
** Assign expression b to lvalue a. A second, no-op, version of this macro
** is provided when SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN is defined. This allows the code
** in sqlite3Select() to assign values to structure member variables that
** only exist if SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN is not defined without polluting the
** code with #ifndef directives.
*/
# define explainSetInteger(a, b) a = b

#else
/* No-op versions of the explainXXX() functions and macros. */
# define explainTempTable(y,z)
# define explainSetInteger(y,z)
#endif






































/*
** If the inner loop was generated using a non-null pOrderBy argument,
** then the results were placed in a sorter.  After the loop is terminated
** we need to run the sorter and output the results.  The following
** routine generates the code needed to do that.
*/
static void generateSortTail(
  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing context */
  Select *p,        /* The SELECT statement */
  SortCtx *pSort,   /* Information on the ORDER BY clause */
  int nColumn,      /* Number of columns of data */
  SelectDest *pDest /* Write the sorted results here */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                     /* The prepared statement */
  int addrBreak = pSort->labelDone;            /* Jump here to exit loop */
  int addrContinue = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Jump here for next cycle */
  int addr;                       /* Top of output loop. Jump for Next. */
  int addrOnce = 0;
  int iTab;
  ExprList *pOrderBy = pSort->pOrderBy;
  int eDest = pDest->eDest;
  int iParm = pDest->iSDParm;
  int regRow;
  int regRowid;
  int iCol;
  int nKey;                       /* Number of key columns in sorter record */
  int iSortTab;                   /* Sorter cursor to read from */

  int i;
  int bSeq;                       /* True if sorter record includes seq. no. */
  int nRefKey = 0;
  struct ExprList_item *aOutEx = p->pEList->a;

  assert( addrBreak<0 );
  if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrBreak);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pSort->labelBkOut);
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  /* Open any cursors needed for sorter-reference expressions */
  for(i=0; i<pSort->nDefer; i++){
    Table *pTab = pSort->aDefer[i].pTab;
    int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, pSort->aDefer[i].iCsr, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
    nRefKey = MAX(nRefKey, pSort->aDefer[i].nKey);
  }
#endif

  iTab = pSort->iECursor;
  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Mem ){
    regRowid = 0;
    regRow = pDest->iSdst;

  }else{
    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    regRow = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nColumn);

  }
  nKey = pOrderBy->nExpr - pSort->nOBSat;
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    int regSortOut = ++pParse->nMem;
    iSortTab = pParse->nTab++;
    if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
      addrOnce = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Once); VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, iSortTab, regSortOut, 
        nKey+1+nColumn+nRefKey);
    if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, iTab, addrBreak);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, addrContinue);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, iTab, regSortOut, iSortTab);
    bSeq = 0;
  }else{
    addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sort, iTab, addrBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, addrContinue);
    iSortTab = iTab;
    bSeq = 1;
  }
  for(i=0, iCol=nKey+bSeq-1; i<nColumn; i++){
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    if( aOutEx[i].bSorterRef ) continue;
#endif
    if( aOutEx[i].u.x.iOrderByCol==0 ) iCol++;
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  if( pSort->nDefer ){
    int iKey = iCol+1;
    int regKey = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nRefKey);

    for(i=0; i<pSort->nDefer; i++){
      int iCsr = pSort->aDefer[i].iCsr;
      Table *pTab = pSort->aDefer[i].pTab;
      int nKey = pSort->aDefer[i].nKey;

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, iCsr);
      if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, iKey++, regKey);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SeekRowid, iCsr, 
            sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1, regKey);
      }else{
        int k;
        int iJmp;
        assert( sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab)->nKeyCol==nKey );
        for(k=0; k<nKey; k++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, iKey++, regKey+k);
        }
        iJmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_SeekGE, iCsr, iJmp+2, regKey, nKey);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxLE, iCsr, iJmp+3, regKey, nKey);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, iCsr);
      }
    }
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regKey, nRefKey);
  }
#endif
  for(i=nColumn-1; i>=0; i--){
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    if( aOutEx[i].bSorterRef ){
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, aOutEx[i].pExpr, regRow+i);
    }else
#endif
    {
      int iRead;
      if( aOutEx[i].u.x.iOrderByCol ){
        iRead = aOutEx[i].u.x.iOrderByCol-1;
      }else{
        iRead = iCol--;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, iRead, regRow+i);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", aOutEx[i].zName?aOutEx[i].zName : aOutEx[i].zSpan));
    }
  }
  switch( eDest ){
    case SRT_Table:
    case SRT_EphemTab: {
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, regRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, regRow, regRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
  /* If this is an EXPLAIN, skip this step */
  if( pParse->explain ){
    return;
  }
#endif

  if( pParse->colNamesSet ) return;
  /* Column names are determined by the left-most term of a compound select */
  while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,pSelect,("generating column names\n"));
  pTabList = pSelect->pSrc;
  pEList = pSelect->pEList;
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTabList!=0 );

  }

  /* Detach the ORDER BY clause from the compound SELECT */
  p->pOrderBy = 0;

  /* Store the results of the setup-query in Queue. */
  pSetup->pNext = 0;
  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "SETUP"));
  rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSetup, &destQueue);
  pSetup->pNext = p;
  if( rc ) goto end_of_recursive_query;

  /* Find the next row in the Queue and output that row */
  addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iQueue, addrBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);

  /* Execute the recursive SELECT taking the single row in Current as
  ** the value for the recursive-table. Store the results in the Queue.
  */
  if( p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "recursive aggregate queries not supported");
  }else{
    p->pPrior = 0;
    ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "RECURSIVE STEP"));
    sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destQueue);
    assert( p->pPrior==0 );
    p->pPrior = pSetup;
  }

  /* Keep running the loop until the Queue is empty */
  sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrTop);

** Since the limit is exactly 1, we only need to evalutes the left-most VALUES.
*/
static int multiSelectValues(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
){


  int nRow = 1;
  int rc = 0;
  int bShowAll = p->pLimit==0;
  assert( p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue );
  do{
    assert( p->selFlags & SF_Values );
    assert( p->op==TK_ALL || (p->op==TK_SELECT && p->pPrior==0) );
    assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pEList->nExpr==p->pNext->pEList->nExpr );
    if( p->pPrior==0 ) break;
    assert( p->pPrior->pNext==p );
    p = p->pPrior;
    nRow += bShowAll;
  }while(1);
  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "SCAN %d CONSTANT ROW%s", nRow,
                    nRow==1 ? "" : "S"));
  while( p ){


    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0, pDest, 1, 1);

    if( !bShowAll ) break;
    p->nSelectRow = nRow;
    p = p->pNext;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*

){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;   /* Success code from a subroutine */
  Select *pPrior;       /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
  Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code to this VDBE */
  SelectDest dest;      /* Alternative data destination */
  Select *pDelete = 0;  /* Chain of simple selects to delete */
  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */





  /* Make sure there is no ORDER BY or LIMIT clause on prior SELECTs.  Only
  ** the last (right-most) SELECT in the series may have an ORDER BY or LIMIT.
  */
  assert( p && p->pPrior );  /* Calling function guarantees this much */
  assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 || p->op==TK_ALL || p->op==TK_UNION );
  db = pParse->db;

  }else
#endif

  /* Compound SELECTs that have an ORDER BY clause are handled separately.
  */
  if( p->pOrderBy ){
    return multiSelectOrderBy(pParse, p, pDest);
  }else{

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
    if( pPrior->pPrior==0 ){
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "COMPOUND QUERY"));
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "LEFT-MOST SUBQUERY"));
    }
#endif

    /* Generate code for the left and right SELECT statements.
    */
    switch( p->op ){
      case TK_ALL: {
        int addr = 0;
        int nLimit;
        assert( !pPrior->pLimit );
        pPrior->iLimit = p->iLimit;
        pPrior->iOffset = p->iOffset;
        pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;

        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest);
        p->pLimit = 0;
        if( rc ){
          goto multi_select_end;
        }
        p->pPrior = 0;
        p->iLimit = pPrior->iLimit;
        p->iOffset = pPrior->iOffset;
        if( p->iLimit ){
          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, p->iLimit); VdbeCoverage(v);
          VdbeComment((v, "Jump ahead if LIMIT reached"));
          if( p->iOffset ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OffsetLimit,
                              p->iLimit, p->iOffset+1, p->iOffset);
          }
        }
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "UNION ALL"));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &dest);
        testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
        pDelete = p->pPrior;
        p->pPrior = pPrior;
        p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEstAdd(p->nSelectRow, pPrior->nSelectRow);
        if( pPrior->pLimit
         && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pPrior->pLimit->pLeft, &nLimit)
         && nLimit>0 && p->nSelectRow > sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit) 
        ){
          p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit);
        }
        if( addr ){
          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
        }
        break;
      }
      case TK_EXCEPT:
      case TK_UNION: {
        int unionTab;    /* Cursor number of the temp table holding result */
        u8 op = 0;       /* One of the SRT_ operations to apply to self */
        int priorOp;     /* The SRT_ operation to apply to prior selects */
        Expr *pLimit;    /* Saved values of p->nLimit  */
        int addr;
        SelectDest uniondest;
  
        testcase( p->op==TK_EXCEPT );
        testcase( p->op==TK_UNION );
        priorOp = SRT_Union;
        if( dest.eDest==priorOp ){
          /* We can reuse a temporary table generated by a SELECT to our
          ** right.
          */
          assert( p->pLimit==0 );      /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
          unionTab = dest.iSDParm;
        }else{
          /* We will need to create our own temporary table to hold the
          ** intermediate results.
          */
          unionTab = pParse->nTab++;
          assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, unionTab, 0);
          assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
          p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
          findRightmost(p)->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
          assert( p->pEList );
        }
  
        /* Code the SELECT statements to our left
        */
        assert( !pPrior->pOrderBy );
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&uniondest, priorOp, unionTab);

        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &uniondest);
        if( rc ){
          goto multi_select_end;
        }
  
        /* Code the current SELECT statement
        */
        if( p->op==TK_EXCEPT ){
          op = SRT_Except;
        }else{
          assert( p->op==TK_UNION );
          op = SRT_Union;
        }
        p->pPrior = 0;
        pLimit = p->pLimit;
        p->pLimit = 0;
        uniondest.eDest = op;
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%s USING TEMP B-TREE",
                          selectOpName(p->op)));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest);
        testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
        /* Query flattening in sqlite3Select() might refill p->pOrderBy.
        ** Be sure to delete p->pOrderBy, therefore, to avoid a memory leak. */
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
        pDelete = p->pPrior;
        p->pPrior = pPrior;
        p->pOrderBy = 0;
        if( p->op==TK_UNION ){
          p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEstAdd(p->nSelectRow, pPrior->nSelectRow);
        }
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
        p->pLimit = pLimit;
        p->iLimit = 0;
        p->iOffset = 0;
  
        /* Convert the data in the temporary table into whatever form
        ** it is that we currently need.
        */
        assert( unionTab==dest.iSDParm || dest.eDest!=priorOp );
        if( dest.eDest!=priorOp ){
          int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
          assert( p->pEList );
          iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
          iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
          computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
          iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
          selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, unionTab,
                          0, 0, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, unionTab, iStart); VdbeCoverage(v);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, unionTab, 0);
        }
        break;
      }
      default: assert( p->op==TK_INTERSECT ); {
        int tab1, tab2;
        int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
        Expr *pLimit;
        int addr;
        SelectDest intersectdest;
        int r1;
  
        /* INTERSECT is different from the others since it requires
        ** two temporary tables.  Hence it has its own case.  Begin
        ** by allocating the tables we will need.
        */
        tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
        tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
        assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
  
        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab1, 0);
        assert( p->addrOpenEphm[0] == -1 );
        p->addrOpenEphm[0] = addr;
        findRightmost(p)->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
        assert( p->pEList );
  
        /* Code the SELECTs to our left into temporary table "tab1".
        */
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&intersectdest, SRT_Union, tab1);

        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &intersectdest);
        if( rc ){
          goto multi_select_end;
        }
  
        /* Code the current SELECT into temporary table "tab2"
        */
        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, tab2, 0);
        assert( p->addrOpenEphm[1] == -1 );
        p->addrOpenEphm[1] = addr;
        p->pPrior = 0;
        pLimit = p->pLimit;
        p->pLimit = 0;
        intersectdest.iSDParm = tab2;
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "%s USING TEMP B-TREE",
                          selectOpName(p->op)));
        rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest);
        testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
        pDelete = p->pPrior;
        p->pPrior = pPrior;
        if( p->nSelectRow>pPrior->nSelectRow ){
          p->nSelectRow = pPrior->nSelectRow;
        }
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
        p->pLimit = pLimit;
  
        /* Generate code to take the intersection of the two temporary
        ** tables.
        */
        assert( p->pEList );
        iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
        iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
        computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, tab1, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
        r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, tab1, r1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont, r1, 0);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
        selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, tab1,
                        0, 0, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, tab1, iStart); VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, tab2, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, tab1, 0);
        break;
      }
    }
  
  #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
    if( p->pNext==0 ){
      ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
    }
  #endif
  }
  
  /* Compute collating sequences used by 
  ** temporary tables needed to implement the compound select.
  ** Attach the KeyInfo structure to all temporary tables.
  **
  ** This section is run by the right-most SELECT statement only.
  ** SELECT statements to the left always skip this part.  The right-most
  ** SELECT might also skip this part if it has no ORDER BY clause and

  int op;               /* One of TK_ALL, TK_UNION, TK_EXCEPT, TK_INTERSECT */
  KeyInfo *pKeyDup = 0; /* Comparison information for duplicate removal */
  KeyInfo *pKeyMerge;   /* Comparison information for merging rows */
  sqlite3 *db;          /* Database connection */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;   /* The ORDER BY clause */
  int nOrderBy;         /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
  int *aPermute;        /* Mapping from ORDER BY terms to result set columns */





  assert( p->pOrderBy!=0 );
  assert( pKeyDup==0 ); /* "Managed" code needs this.  Ticket #3382. */
  db = pParse->db;
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );       /* Already thrown the error if VDBE alloc failed */
  labelEnd = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

  regAddrA = ++pParse->nMem;
  regAddrB = ++pParse->nMem;
  regOutA = ++pParse->nMem;
  regOutB = ++pParse->nMem;
  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destA, SRT_Coroutine, regAddrA);
  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destB, SRT_Coroutine, regAddrB);

  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "MERGE (%s)", selectOpName(p->op)));

  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement to the
  ** left of the compound operator - the "A" select.
  */
  addrSelectA = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
  addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regAddrA, 0, addrSelectA);
  VdbeComment((v, "left SELECT"));
  pPrior->iLimit = regLimitA;
  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "LEFT"));
  sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &destA);
  sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regAddrA);
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);

  /* Generate a coroutine to evaluate the SELECT statement on 
  ** the right - the "B" select
  */
  addrSelectB = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
  addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regAddrB, 0, addrSelectB);
  VdbeComment((v, "right SELECT"));
  savedLimit = p->iLimit;
  savedOffset = p->iOffset;
  p->iLimit = regLimitB;
  p->iOffset = 0;  
  ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "RIGHT"));
  sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &destB);
  p->iLimit = savedLimit;
  p->iOffset = savedOffset;
  sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regAddrB);

  /* Generate a subroutine that outputs the current row of the A
  ** select as the next output row of the compound select.

    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->pPrior);
  }
  p->pPrior = pPrior;
  pPrior->pNext = p;

  /*** TBD:  Insert subroutine calls to close cursors on incomplete
  **** subqueries ****/
  ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
  return pParse->nErr!=0;
}
#endif

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)

/* An instance of the SubstContext object describes an substitution edit

    if( pNew==0 ){
      p->pPrior = pPrior;
    }else{
      pNew->pPrior = pPrior;
      if( pPrior ) pPrior->pNext = pNew;
      pNew->pNext = p;
      p->pPrior = pNew;
      SELECTTRACE(2,pParse,p,("compound-subquery flattener"

                              " creates %s.%p as peer\n",pNew->zSelName, pNew));
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ) return 1;
  }

  /* Begin flattening the iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause 
  ** in the outer query.
  */

static void explainSimpleCount(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Table *pTab,                    /* Table being queried */
  Index *pIdx                     /* Index used to optimize scan, or NULL */
){
  if( pParse->explain==2 ){
    int bCover = (pIdx!=0 && (HasRowid(pTab) || !IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx)));
    sqlite3VdbeExplain(pParse, 0, "SCAN TABLE %s%s%s",
        pTab->zName,
        bCover ? " USING COVERING INDEX " : "",
        bCover ? pIdx->zName : ""
    );



  }
}
#else
# define explainSimpleCount(a,b,c)
#endif

/*

  SortCtx sSort;         /* Info on how to code the ORDER BY clause */
  AggInfo sAggInfo;      /* Information used by aggregate queries */
  int iEnd;              /* Address of the end of the query */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */
  ExprList *pMinMaxOrderBy = 0;  /* Added ORDER BY for min/max queries */
  u8 minMaxFlag;                 /* Flag for min/max queries */






  db = pParse->db;
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( p==0 || db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr ){
    return 1;
  }
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
  memset(&sAggInfo, 0, sizeof(sAggInfo));
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p, ("begin processing:\n", pParse->addrExplain));
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistFifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Fifo );

  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x104 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x104,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif





  if( pDest->eDest==SRT_Output ){
    generateColumnNames(pParse, p);
  }

  /* Try to various optimizations (flattening subqueries, and strength
  ** reduction of join operators) in the FROM clause up into the main query
  */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  /* Handle compound SELECT statements using the separate multiSelect()
  ** procedure.
  */
  if( p->pPrior ){
    rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
    SELECTTRACE(0x1,pParse,p,("end compound-select processing\n"));
    if( (sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x2000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
    }
#endif
    if( p->pNext==0 ) ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
    return rc;
  }
#endif

  /* For each term in the FROM clause, do two things:
  ** (1) Authorized unreferenced tables
  ** (2) Generate code for all sub-queries

      int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
     
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      pItem->addrFillSub = addrTop;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "CO-ROUTINE 0x%p", pSub));
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = pSub->nSelectRow;
      pItem->fg.viaCoroutine = 1;
      pItem->regResult = dest.iSdst;
      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, pItem->regReturn);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop-1);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);

        VdbeComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }else{
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }
      pPrior = isSelfJoinView(pTabList, pItem);
      if( pPrior ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pItem->iCursor, pPrior->iCursor);

        assert( pPrior->pSelect!=0 );
        pSub->nSelectRow = pPrior->pSelect->nSelectRow;
      }else{
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
        ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 1, "MATERIALIZE 0x%p", pSub));
        sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      }
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = pSub->nSelectRow;
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);

    /* Convert TK_COLUMN nodes into TK_AGG_COLUMN and make entries in
    ** sAggInfo for all TK_AGG_FUNCTION nodes in expressions of the
    ** SELECT statement.
    */
    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
    sNC.uNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
    VVA_ONLY( sNC.ncFlags = NC_UAggInfo; )
    sAggInfo.mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
    if( pHaving ){
      if( pGroupBy ){

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then we need to sort the results
  ** and send them to the callback one by one.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    explainTempTable(pParse,
                     sSort.nOBSat>0 ? "RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY":"ORDER BY");
    assert( p->pEList==pEList );
    generateSortTail(pParse, p, &sSort, pEList->nExpr, pDest);
  }

  /* Jump here to skip this query
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEnd);

  /* The SELECT has been coded. If there is an error in the Parse structure,
  ** set the return code to 1. Otherwise 0. */
  rc = (pParse->nErr>0);

  /* Control jumps to here if an error is encountered above, or upon
  ** successful coding of the SELECT.
  */
select_end:

  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pMinMaxOrderBy);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aCol);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  SELECTTRACE(0x1,pParse,p,("end processing\n"));
  if( (sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x2000)!=0 && ExplainQueryPlanParent(pParse)==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif
  ExplainQueryPlanPop(pParse);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Render output like fprintf().  This should not be used on anything that
** includes string formatting (e.g. "%s").
*/
#if !defined(raw_printf)
# define raw_printf fprintf
#endif

/* Indicate out-of-memory and exit. */
static void shell_out_of_memory(void){
  raw_printf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
  exit(1);
}

/*
** Write I/O traces to the following stream.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
static FILE *iotrace = 0;
#endif

** because it contains non-alphanumeric characters, or because it is an
** SQLite keyword.  Be conservative in this estimate:  When in doubt assume
** that quoting is required.
**
** Return '"' if quoting is required.  Return 0 if no quoting is required.
*/
static char quoteChar(const char *zName){





















  int i;
  if( !isalpha((unsigned char)zName[0]) && zName[0]!='_' ) return '"';
  for(i=0; zName[i]; i++){
    if( !isalnum((unsigned char)zName[i]) && zName[i]!='_' ) return '"';
  }












  return sqlite3_keyword_check(zName, i) ? '"' : 0;
}

/*
** Construct a fake object name and column list to describe the structure
** of the view, virtual table, or table valued function zSchema.zName.
*/
static char *shellFakeSchema(

typedef struct ExpertInfo ExpertInfo;
struct ExpertInfo {
  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
  int bVerbose;
};

/* A single line in the EQP output */
typedef struct EQPGraphRow EQPGraphRow;
struct EQPGraphRow {
  int iEqpId;           /* ID for this row */
  int iParentId;        /* ID of the parent row */
  EQPGraphRow *pNext;   /* Next row in sequence */
  char zText[1];        /* Text to display for this row */
};

/* All EQP output is collected into an instance of the following */
typedef struct EQPGraph EQPGraph;
struct EQPGraph {
  EQPGraphRow *pRow;    /* Linked list of all rows of the EQP output */
  EQPGraphRow *pLast;   /* Last element of the pRow list */
  char zPrefix[100];    /* Graph prefix */
};

/*
** State information about the database connection is contained in an
** instance of the following structure.
*/
typedef struct ShellState ShellState;
struct ShellState {
  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database */
  u8 autoExplain;        /* Automatically turn on .explain mode */
  u8 autoEQP;            /* Run EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prior to seach SQL stmt */
  u8 autoEQPtest;        /* autoEQP is in test mode */
  u8 statsOn;            /* True to display memory stats before each finalize */
  u8 scanstatsOn;        /* True to display scan stats before each finalize */
  u8 openMode;           /* SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL, _APPENDVFS, or _ZIPFILE */
  u8 doXdgOpen;          /* Invoke start/open/xdg-open in output_reset() */
  u8 nEqpLevel;          /* Depth of the EQP output graph */
  unsigned mEqpLines;    /* Mask of veritical lines in the EQP output graph */
  int outCount;          /* Revert to stdout when reaching zero */
  int cnt;               /* Number of records displayed so far */
  FILE *out;             /* Write results here */
  FILE *traceOut;        /* Output for sqlite3_trace() */
  int nErr;              /* Number of errors seen */
  int mode;              /* An output mode setting */
  int modePrior;         /* Saved mode */

  char *zFreeOnClose;         /* Filename to free when closing */
  const char *zVfs;           /* Name of VFS to use */
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;   /* Current statement if any. */
  FILE *pLog;            /* Write log output here */
  int *aiIndent;         /* Array of indents used in MODE_Explain */
  int nIndent;           /* Size of array aiIndent[] */
  int iIndent;           /* Index of current op in aiIndent[] */
  EQPGraph sGraph;       /* Information for the graphical EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
  int nSession;             /* Number of active sessions */
  OpenSession aSession[4];  /* Array of sessions.  [0] is in focus. */
#endif
  ExpertInfo expert;        /* Valid if previous command was ".expert OPT..." */
};


/* Allowed values for ShellState.autoEQP
*/
#define AUTOEQP_off      0           /* Automatic EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN is off */
#define AUTOEQP_on       1           /* Automatic EQP is on */
#define AUTOEQP_trigger  2           /* On and also show plans for triggers */
#define AUTOEQP_full     3           /* Show full EXPLAIN */

/* Allowed values for ShellState.openMode
*/
#define SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC     0      /* No open-mode specified */
#define SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL     1      /* Normal database file */
#define SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS  2      /* Use appendvfs */
#define SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE    3      /* Use the zipfile virtual table */

#define MODE_Insert   5  /* Generate SQL "insert" statements */
#define MODE_Quote    6  /* Quote values as for SQL */
#define MODE_Tcl      7  /* Generate ANSI-C or TCL quoted elements */
#define MODE_Csv      8  /* Quote strings, numbers are plain */
#define MODE_Explain  9  /* Like MODE_Column, but do not truncate data */
#define MODE_Ascii   10  /* Use ASCII unit and record separators (0x1F/0x1E) */
#define MODE_Pretty  11  /* Pretty-print schemas */
#define MODE_EQP     12  /* Converts EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output into a graph */

static const char *modeDescr[] = {
  "line",
  "column",
  "list",
  "semi",
  "html",
  "insert",
  "quote",
  "tcl",
  "csv",
  "explain",
  "ascii",
  "prettyprint",
  "eqp"
};

/*
** These are the column/row/line separators used by the various
** import/export modes.
*/
#define SEP_Column    "|"

    if( z[i]=='\n' ) return 1;
    if( IsSpace(z[i]) ) continue;
    if( z[i]=='-' && z[i+1]=='-' ) return 1;
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

/*
** Add a new entry to the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN data
*/
static void eqp_append(ShellState *p, int iEqpId, int p2, const char *zText){
  EQPGraphRow *pNew;
  int nText = strlen30(zText);
  if( p->autoEQPtest ){
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%d,%d,%s\n", iEqpId, p2, zText);
  }
  pNew = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pNew) + nText );
  if( pNew==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();
  pNew->iEqpId = iEqpId;
  pNew->iParentId = p2;
  memcpy(pNew->zText, zText, nText+1);
  pNew->pNext = 0;
  if( p->sGraph.pLast ){
    p->sGraph.pLast->pNext = pNew;
  }else{
    p->sGraph.pRow = pNew;
  }
  p->sGraph.pLast = pNew;
}

/*
** Free and reset the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN data that has been collected
** in p->sGraph.
*/
static void eqp_reset(ShellState *p){
  EQPGraphRow *pRow, *pNext;
  for(pRow = p->sGraph.pRow; pRow; pRow = pNext){
    pNext = pRow->pNext;
    sqlite3_free(pRow);
  }
  memset(&p->sGraph, 0, sizeof(p->sGraph));
}

/* Return the next EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN line with iEqpId that occurs after
** pOld, or return the first such line if pOld is NULL
*/
static EQPGraphRow *eqp_next_row(ShellState *p, int iEqpId, EQPGraphRow *pOld){
  EQPGraphRow *pRow = pOld ? pOld->pNext : p->sGraph.pRow;
  while( pRow && pRow->iParentId!=iEqpId ) pRow = pRow->pNext;
  return pRow;
}

/* Render a single level of the graph that has iEqpId as its parent.  Called
** recursively to render sublevels.
*/
static void eqp_render_level(ShellState *p, int iEqpId){
  EQPGraphRow *pRow, *pNext;
  int n = strlen30(p->sGraph.zPrefix);
  char *z;
  for(pRow = eqp_next_row(p, iEqpId, 0); pRow; pRow = pNext){
    pNext = eqp_next_row(p, iEqpId, pRow);
    z = pRow->zText;
    utf8_printf(p->out, "%s%s%s\n", p->sGraph.zPrefix, pNext ? "|--" : "`--", z);
    if( n<sizeof(p->sGraph.zPrefix)-7 ){
      memcpy(&p->sGraph.zPrefix[n], pNext ? "|  " : "   ", 4);
      eqp_render_level(p, pRow->iEqpId);
      p->sGraph.zPrefix[n] = 0;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Display and reset the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN data
*/
static void eqp_render(ShellState *p){
  EQPGraphRow *pRow = p->sGraph.pRow;
  if( pRow ){
    if( pRow->zText[0]=='-' ){
      if( pRow->pNext==0 ){
        eqp_reset(p);
        return;
      }
      utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", pRow->zText+3);
      p->sGraph.pRow = pRow->pNext;
      sqlite3_free(pRow);
    }else{
      utf8_printf(p->out, "QUERY PLAN\n");
    }
    p->sGraph.zPrefix[0] = 0;
    eqp_render_level(p, 0);
    eqp_reset(p);
  }
}

/*
** This is the callback routine that the shell
** invokes for each row of a query result.
*/
static int shell_callback(
  void *pArg,

      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
        if( i>0 ) utf8_printf(p->out, "%s", p->colSeparator);
        utf8_printf(p->out,"%s",azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
      }
      utf8_printf(p->out, "%s", p->rowSeparator);
      break;
    }
    case MODE_EQP: {
      eqp_append(p, atoi(azArg[0]), atoi(azArg[1]), azArg[3]);
      break;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** This is the callback routine that the SQLite library
** invokes for each row of a query result.

    p->zDestTable = 0;
  }
  if( zName==0 ) return;
  cQuote = quoteChar(zName);
  n = strlen30(zName);
  if( cQuote ) n += n+2;
  z = p->zDestTable = malloc( n+1 );
  if( z==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



  n = 0;
  if( cQuote ) z[n++] = cQuote;
  for(i=0; zName[i]; i++){
    z[n++] = zName[i];
    if( zName[i]==cQuote ) z[n++] = cQuote;
  }
  if( cQuote ) z[n++] = cQuote;

        if( pArg->autoEQP>=AUTOEQP_trigger ){
          sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, 1, 0);
        }
        zEQP = sqlite3_mprintf("EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN %s", zStmtSql);
        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zEQP, -1, &pExplain, 0);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          while( sqlite3_step(pExplain)==SQLITE_ROW ){
            const char *zEQPLine = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pExplain,3);
            int iEqpId = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 0);
            int iParentId = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 1);
            if( zEQPLine[0]=='-' ) eqp_render(pArg);
            eqp_append(pArg, iEqpId, iParentId, zEQPLine);
          }
          eqp_render(pArg);
        }
        sqlite3_finalize(pExplain);
        sqlite3_free(zEQP);
        if( pArg->autoEQP>=AUTOEQP_full ){
          /* Also do an EXPLAIN for ".eqp full" mode */
          zEQP = sqlite3_mprintf("EXPLAIN %s", zStmtSql);
          rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zEQP, -1, &pExplain, 0);

          sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
        }
        restore_debug_trace_modes();
      }

      if( pArg ){
        pArg->cMode = pArg->mode;
        if( pArg->autoExplain ){
          if( sqlite3_column_count(pStmt)==8
           && sqlite3_strlike("EXPLAIN%", zStmtSql,0)==0
          ){
            pArg->cMode = MODE_Explain;
          }
          if( sqlite3_column_count(pStmt)==4
           && sqlite3_strlike("EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN%", zStmtSql,0)==0 ){
            pArg->cMode = MODE_EQP;
          }
        }

        /* If the shell is currently in ".explain" mode, gather the extra
        ** data required to add indents to the output.*/
        if( pArg->cMode==MODE_Explain ){
          explain_data_prepare(pArg, pStmt);
        }
      }

      exec_prepared_stmt(pArg, pStmt);
      explain_data_delete(pArg);
      eqp_render(pArg);

      /* print usage stats if stats on */
      if( pArg && pArg->statsOn ){
        display_stats(db, pArg, 0);
      }

      /* print loop-counters if required */

  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
  sqlite3_free(zSql);
  if( rc ) return 0;
  while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
    if( nCol>=nAlloc-2 ){
      nAlloc = nAlloc*2 + nCol + 10;
      azCol = sqlite3_realloc(azCol, nAlloc*sizeof(azCol[0]));
      if( azCol==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



    }
    azCol[++nCol] = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1));
    if( sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 5) ){
      nPK++;
      if( nPK==1
       && sqlite3_stricmp((const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2),
                          "INTEGER")==0

  ".bail on|off           Stop after hitting an error.  Default OFF\n"
  ".binary on|off         Turn binary output on or off.  Default OFF\n"
  ".cd DIRECTORY          Change the working directory to DIRECTORY\n"
  ".changes on|off        Show number of rows changed by SQL\n"
  ".check GLOB            Fail if output since .testcase does not match\n"
  ".clone NEWDB           Clone data into NEWDB from the existing database\n"
  ".databases             List names and files of attached databases\n"
  ".dbconfig ?op? ?val?   List or change sqlite3_db_config() options\n"
  ".dbinfo ?DB?           Show status information about the database\n"
  ".dump ?TABLE? ...      Dump the database in an SQL text format\n"
  "                         If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching\n"
  "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
  ".echo on|off           Turn command echo on or off\n"
  ".eqp on|off|full       Enable or disable automatic EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN\n"
  ".excel                 Display the output of next command in a spreadsheet\n"

/*
** Make sure the database is open.  If it is not, then open it.  If
** the database fails to open, print an error message and exit.
*/
static void open_db(ShellState *p, int keepAlive){
  if( p->db==0 ){

    if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC && access(p->zDbFilename,0)==0 ){
      p->openMode = (u8)deduceDatabaseType(p->zDbFilename, 0);
    }
    switch( p->openMode ){
      case SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS: {
        sqlite3_open_v2(p->zDbFilename, &p->db, 
           SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, "apndvfs");

};

/* Append a single byte to z[] */
static void import_append_char(ImportCtx *p, int c){
  if( p->n+1>=p->nAlloc ){
    p->nAlloc += p->nAlloc + 100;
    p->z = sqlite3_realloc64(p->z, p->nAlloc);
    if( p->z==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



  }
  p->z[p->n++] = (char)c;
}

/* Read a single field of CSV text.  Compatible with rfc4180 and extended
** with the option of having a separator other than ",".
**

    utf8_printf(stderr, "Error %d: %s on [%s]\n",
            sqlite3_extended_errcode(p->db), sqlite3_errmsg(p->db),
            zQuery);
    goto end_data_xfer;
  }
  n = sqlite3_column_count(pQuery);
  zInsert = sqlite3_malloc64(200 + nTable + n*3);
  if( zInsert==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



  sqlite3_snprintf(200+nTable,zInsert,
                   "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO \"%s\" VALUES(?", zTable);
  i = strlen30(zInsert);
  for(j=1; j<n; j++){
    memcpy(zInsert+i, ",?", 2);
    i += 2;
  }

*/
static int shellDatabaseError(sqlite3 *db){
  const char *zErr = sqlite3_errmsg(db);
  utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", zErr);
  return 1;
}









/*
** Compare the pattern in zGlob[] against the text in z[].  Return TRUE
** if they match and FALSE (0) if they do not match.
**
** Globbing rules:
**
**      '*'       Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.

    if( zErrMsg ){
      utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
      sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='d' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "dbconfig", n)==0 ){
    static const struct DbConfigChoices {const char *zName; int op;} aDbConfig[] = {
        { "enable_fkey",      SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY            },
        { "enable_trigger",   SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER         },
        { "fts3_tokenizer",   SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER  },
        { "load_extension",   SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION  },
        { "no_ckpt_on_close", SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE       },
        { "enable_qpsg",      SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG            },
        { "trigger_eqp",      SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP            },
        { "reset_database",   SQLITE_DBCONFIG_RESET_DATABASE         },
    };
    int ii, v;
    open_db(p, 0);
    for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(aDbConfig); ii++){
      if( nArg>1 && strcmp(azArg[1], aDbConfig[ii].zName)!=0 ) continue;
      if( nArg>=3 ){
        sqlite3_db_config(p->db, aDbConfig[ii].op, booleanValue(azArg[2]), 0);
      }
      sqlite3_db_config(p->db, aDbConfig[ii].op, -1, &v);
      utf8_printf(p->out, "%18s %s\n", aDbConfig[ii].zName, v ? "on" : "off");
      if( nArg>1 ) break;
    }
    if( nArg>1 && ii==ArraySize(aDbConfig) ){
      utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: unknown dbconfig \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
      utf8_printf(stderr, "Enter \".dbconfig\" with no arguments for a list\n");
    }   
  }else

  if( c=='d' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "dbinfo", n)==0 ){
    rc = shell_dbinfo_command(p, nArg, azArg);
  }else

  if( c=='d' && strncmp(azArg[0], "dump", n)==0 ){
    const char *zLike = 0;
    int i;
    int savedShowHeader = p->showHeader;

      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .echo on|off\n");
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else

  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "eqp", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg==2 ){
      p->autoEQPtest = 0;
      if( strcmp(azArg[1],"full")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"trigger")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_trigger;
      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"test")==0 ){
        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_on;
        p->autoEQPtest = 1;
      }else{
        p->autoEQP = (u8)booleanValue(azArg[1]);
      }
    }else{
      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .eqp off|on|trigger|full\n");
      rc = 1;
    }

      utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
      return 1;
    }
    sCtx.cColSep = p->colSeparator[0];
    sCtx.cRowSep = p->rowSeparator[0];
    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT * FROM %s", zTable);
    if( zSql==0 ){

      xCloser(sCtx.in);

      shell_out_of_memory();
    }
    nByte = strlen30(zSql);
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
    import_append_char(&sCtx, 0);    /* To ensure sCtx.z is allocated */
    if( rc && sqlite3_strglob("no such table: *", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db))==0 ){
      char *zCreate = sqlite3_mprintf("CREATE TABLE %s", zTable);
      char cSep = '(';

    }
    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    pStmt = 0;
    if( nCol==0 ) return 0; /* no columns, no error */
    zSql = sqlite3_malloc64( nByte*2 + 20 + nCol*2 );
    if( zSql==0 ){

      xCloser(sCtx.in);

      shell_out_of_memory();
    }
    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte+20, zSql, "INSERT INTO \"%w\" VALUES(?", zTable);
    j = strlen30(zSql);
    for(i=1; i<nCol; i++){
      zSql[j++] = ',';
      zSql[j++] = '?';
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
  if( c=='i' && strncmp(azArg[0], "imposter", n)==0 ){
    char *zSql;
    char *zCollist = 0;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
    int tnum = 0;
    int i;
    if( !(nArg==3 || (nArg==2 && sqlite3_stricmp(azArg[1],"off")==0)) ){
      utf8_printf(stderr, "Usage: .imposter INDEX IMPOSTER\n"
                          "       .imposter off\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    if( nArg==2 ){
      sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER, p->db, "main", 0, 1);
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT rootpage FROM sqlite_master"
                           " WHERE name='%q' AND type='index'", azArg[1]);
    sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
    if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
      tnum = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
    }

      sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, "%", -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
    }
    while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
      if( nRow>=nAlloc ){
        char **azNew;
        int n2 = nAlloc*2 + 10;
        azNew = sqlite3_realloc64(azResult, sizeof(azResult[0])*n2);
        if( azNew==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



        nAlloc = n2;
        azResult = azNew;
      }
      azResult[nRow] = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0));
      if( 0==azResult[nRow] ) shell_out_of_memory();



      nRow++;
    }
    if( sqlite3_finalize(pStmt)!=SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = shellDatabaseError(p->db);
    }

    /* Pretty-print the contents of array azResult[] to the output */

      { "always",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS,        "BOOLEAN"            },
      { "assert",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT,        "BOOLEAN"            },
    /*{ "benign_malloc_hooks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, ""          },*/
    /*{ "bitvec_test",        SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST,   ""                },*/
      { "byteorder",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER,     ""                   },
    /*{ "fault_install",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL, ""                }, */
      { "imposter",           SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER,   "SCHEMA ON/OFF ROOTPAGE"},



      { "localtime_fault",    SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT,"BOOLEAN"           },
      { "never_corrupt",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT, "BOOLEAN"            },
      { "optimizations",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, "DISABLE-MASK"       },
#ifdef YYCOVERAGE
      { "parser_coverage",    SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE, ""                 },
#endif
      { "pending_byte",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE,  "OFFSET  "           },

          if( nArg==3 ){
            int opt = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
            rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
            isOk = 3;
          }
          break;












        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER:
          if( nArg==5 ){
            rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, p->db,
                          azArg[2],
                          integerValue(azArg[3]),
                          integerValue(azArg[4]));
            isOk = 3;

    if( line_is_command_terminator(zLine) && line_is_complete(zSql, nSql) ){
      memcpy(zLine,";",2);
    }
    nLine = strlen30(zLine);
    if( nSql+nLine+2>=nAlloc ){
      nAlloc = nSql+nLine+100;
      zSql = realloc(zSql, nAlloc);
      if( zSql==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



    }
    nSqlPrior = nSql;
    if( nSql==0 ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; zLine[i] && IsSpace(zLine[i]); i++){}
      assert( nAlloc>0 && zSql!=0 );
      memcpy(zSql, zLine+i, nLine+1-i);

  if (sqliterc == NULL) {
    home_dir = find_home_dir(0);
    if( home_dir==0 ){
      raw_printf(stderr, "-- warning: cannot find home directory;"
                      " cannot read ~/.sqliterc\n");
      return;
    }

    zBuf = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/.sqliterc",home_dir);
    sqliterc = zBuf;
  }
  in = fopen(sqliterc,"rb");
  if( in ){
    if( stdin_is_interactive ){
      utf8_printf(stderr,"-- Loading resources from %s\n",sqliterc);

#endif
  "   -newline SEP         set output row separator. Default: '\\n'\n"
  "   -nullvalue TEXT      set text string for NULL values. Default ''\n"
  "   -pagecache SIZE N    use N slots of SZ bytes each for page cache memory\n"
  "   -quote               set output mode to 'quote'\n"
  "   -readonly            open the database read-only\n"
  "   -separator SEP       set output column separator. Default: '|'\n"
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
  "   -sorterref SIZE      sorter references threshold size\n"
#endif
  "   -stats               print memory stats before each finalize\n"
  "   -version             show SQLite version\n"
  "   -vfs NAME            use NAME as the default VFS\n"
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_VFSTRACE
  "   -vfstrace            enable tracing of all VFS calls\n"
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB

  if( showDetail ){
    utf8_printf(stderr, "OPTIONS include:\n%s", zOptions);
  }else{
    raw_printf(stderr, "Use the -help option for additional information\n");
  }
  exit(1);
}

/*
** Internal check:  Verify that the SQLite is uninitialized.  Print a
** error message if it is initialized.
*/
static void verify_uninitialized(void){
  if( sqlite3_config(-1)==SQLITE_MISUSE ){
    utf8_printf(stdout, "WARNING: attempt to configuration SQLite after"
                        " initialization.\n");
  }
}

/*
** Initialize the state information in data
*/
static void main_init(ShellState *data) {
  memset(data, 0, sizeof(*data));
  data->normalMode = data->cMode = data->mode = MODE_List;
  data->autoExplain = 1;
  memcpy(data->colSeparator,SEP_Column, 2);
  memcpy(data->rowSeparator,SEP_Row, 2);
  data->showHeader = 0;
  data->shellFlgs = SHFLG_Lookaside;
  verify_uninitialized();
  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_URI, 1);
  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, shellLog, data);
  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD);
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(mainPrompt), mainPrompt,"sqlite> ");
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(continuePrompt), continuePrompt,"   ...> ");
}

  const char *zInitFile = 0;
  int i;
  int rc = 0;
  int warnInmemoryDb = 0;
  int readStdin = 1;
  int nCmd = 0;
  char **azCmd = 0;
  const char *zVfs = 0;           /* Value of -vfs command-line option */

  setBinaryMode(stdin, 0);
  setvbuf(stderr, 0, _IONBF, 0); /* Make sure stderr is unbuffered */
  stdin_is_interactive = isatty(0);
  stdout_is_console = isatty(1);

#if USE_SYSTEM_SQLITE+0!=1

  ** do this.  But we want to run an sqlite3_shutdown() afterwards so that
  ** subsequent sqlite3_config() calls will work.  So copy all results into
  ** memory that does not come from the SQLite memory allocator.
  */
#if !SQLITE_SHELL_IS_UTF8
  sqlite3_initialize();
  argv = malloc(sizeof(argv[0])*argc);
  if( argv==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    char *z = sqlite3_win32_unicode_to_utf8(wargv[i]);
    int n;
    if( z==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



    n = (int)strlen(z);
    argv[i] = malloc( n+1 );
    if( argv[i]==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



    memcpy(argv[i], z, n+1);
    sqlite3_free(z);
  }
  sqlite3_shutdown();
#endif

  assert( argc>=1 && argv && argv[0] );

#endif

  /* Do an initial pass through the command-line argument to locate
  ** the name of the database file, the name of the initialization file,
  ** the size of the alternative malloc heap,
  ** and the first command to execute.
  */
  verify_uninitialized();
  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    char *z;
    z = argv[i];
    if( z[0]!='-' ){
      if( data.zDbFilename==0 ){
        data.zDbFilename = z;
      }else{
        /* Excesss arguments are interpreted as SQL (or dot-commands) and
        ** mean that nothing is read from stdin */
        readStdin = 0;
        nCmd++;
        azCmd = realloc(azCmd, sizeof(azCmd[0])*nCmd);
        if( azCmd==0 ) shell_out_of_memory();



        azCmd[nCmd-1] = z;
      }
    }
    if( z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    if( strcmp(z,"-separator")==0
     || strcmp(z,"-nullvalue")==0
     || strcmp(z,"-newline")==0

    }else if( strcmp(z,"-multiplex")==0 ){
      extern int sqlite3_multiple_initialize(const char*,int);
      sqlite3_multiplex_initialize(0, 1);
#endif
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-mmap")==0 ){
      sqlite3_int64 sz = integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE, sz, sz);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-sorterref")==0 ){
      sqlite3_int64 sz = integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE, (int)sz);
#endif

    }else if( strcmp(z,"-vfs")==0 ){
      zVfs = cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);


#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
#endif
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-readonly")==0 ){
      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_READONLY;
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
    }else if( strncmp(z, "-A",2)==0 ){
      /* All remaining command-line arguments are passed to the ".archive"
      ** command, so ignore them */
      break;
#endif
    }
  }
  verify_uninitialized();


#ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_INIT_PROC
  {
    /* If the SQLITE_SHELL_INIT_PROC macro is defined, then it is the name
    ** of a C-function that will perform initialization actions on SQLite that
    ** occur just before or after sqlite3_initialize(). Use this compile-time
    ** option to embed this shell program in larger applications. */
    extern void SQLITE_SHELL_INIT_PROC(void);
    SQLITE_SHELL_INIT_PROC();
  }
#else
  /* All the sqlite3_config() calls have now been made. So it is safe
  ** to call sqlite3_initialize() and process any command line -vfs option. */
  sqlite3_initialize();
#endif

  if( zVfs ){
    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zVfs);
    if( pVfs ){
      sqlite3_vfs_register(pVfs, 1);
    }else{
      utf8_printf(stderr, "no such VFS: \"%s\"\n", argv[i]);
      exit(1);
    }
  }

  if( data.zDbFilename==0 ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
    data.zDbFilename = ":memory:";
    warnInmemoryDb = argc==1;
#else
    utf8_printf(stderr,"%s: Error: no database filename specified\n", Argv0);
    return 1;

      i++;
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
      i+=2;
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-lookaside")==0 ){
      i+=2;
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-mmap")==0 ){
      i++;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-sorterref")==0 ){
      i++;
#endif
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-vfs")==0 ){
      i++;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_VFSTRACE
    }else if( strcmp(z,"-vfstrace")==0 ){
      i++;
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX

** Or if the threshold is -1, statement journals are always held
** exclusively in memory.
** Since many statement journals never become large, setting the spill
** threshold to a value such as 64KiB can greatly reduce the amount of
** I/O required to support statement rollback.
** The default value for this setting is controlled by the
** [SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL] compile-time option.
**
** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE]]
** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE
** <dd>The SQLITE_CONFIG_SORTERREF_SIZE option accepts a single parameter
** of type (int) - the new value of the sorter-reference size threshold.
** Usually, when SQLite uses an external sort to order records according
** to an ORDER BY clause, all fields required by the caller are present in the
** sorted records. However, if SQLite determines based on the declared type
** of a table column that its values are likely to be very large - larger
** than the configured sorter-reference size threshold - then a reference
** is stored in each sorted record and the required column values loaded
** from the database as records are returned in sorted order. The default
** value for this option is to never use this optimization. Specifying a 
** negative value for this option restores the default behaviour.
** This option is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SORTER_REFERENCES] compile-time option.
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
#define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */