SQLite

** The returned value of this function indicates the b-tree type, as follows:
**
**   IN_INDEX_ROWID      - The cursor was opened on a database table.
**   IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC  - The cursor was opened on an ascending index.
**   IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC - The cursor was opened on a descending index.
**   IN_INDEX_EPH        - The cursor was opened on a specially created and
**                         populated epheremal table.
**   IN_INDEX_NOOP       - No cursor was allocated.  The in operator must be
**                         implemented as a sequence of comparisons.
**
** An existing b-tree might be used if the RHS expression pX is a simple
** subquery such as:
**
**     SELECT <column> FROM <table>
**
** If the RHS of the IN operator is a list or a more complex subquery, then

** has a UNIQUE constraint or UNIQUE index.
**
** When IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP is used (and the b-tree will be used 
** for fast set membership tests) then an epheremal table must 
** be used unless <column> is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or an index can 
** be found with <column> as its left-most column.
**
** If the IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK and IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP are both set and
** if the RHS of the IN operator is a list (not a subquery) then this
** routine might decide that creating an ephemeral b-tree for membership
** testing is too expensive and return IN_INDEX_NOOP.  IN that case, the
** calling routine should implement the IN operator using a sequence
** of Eq or Ne comparison operations.
**
** When the b-tree is being used for membership tests, the calling function
** might need to know whether or not the RHS side of the IN operator
** contains a NULL.  If prNotFound is not NULL and 
** if there is any chance that the (...) might contain a NULL value at
** runtime, then a register is allocated and the register number written
** to *prNotFound. If there is no chance that the (...) contains a
** NULL value, then *prNotFound is left unchanged.

  /* Compute the RHS.   After this step, the table with cursor
  ** pExpr->iTable will contains the values that make up the RHS.
  */
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );       /* OOM detected prior to this routine */
  VdbeNoopComment((v, "begin IN expr"));
  eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pExpr, 0,
                             destIfFalse==destIfNull ? 0 : &rRhsHasNull);

  /* Figure out the affinity to use to create a key from the results
  ** of the expression. affinityStr stores a static string suitable for
  ** P4 of OP_MakeRecord.
  */
  affinity = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);

    /* If the set membership test fails, then the result of the 
    ** "x IN (...)" expression must be either 0 or NULL. If the set
    ** contains no NULL values, then the result is 0. If the set 
    ** contains one or more NULL values, then the result of the
    ** expression is also NULL.
    */

    if( rRhsHasNull==0 || destIfFalse==destIfNull ){
      /* This branch runs if it is known at compile time that the RHS
      ** cannot contain NULL values. This happens as the result
      ** of a "NOT NULL" constraint in the database schema.
      **
      ** Also run this branch if NULL is equivalent to FALSE
      ** for this particular IN operator.
      */

/*
** Allowed return values from sqlite3FindInIndex()
*/
#define IN_INDEX_ROWID        1   /* Search the rowid of the table */
#define IN_INDEX_EPH          2   /* Search an ephemeral b-tree */
#define IN_INDEX_INDEX_ASC    3   /* Existing index ASCENDING */
#define IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC   4   /* Existing index DESCENDING */
#define IN_INDEX_NOOP         5   /* No table available. Use comparisons */
/*
** Allowed flags for the 3rd parameter to sqlite3FindInIndex().
*/
#define IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK     0x0001  /* OK to return IN_INDEX_NOOP */
#define IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP  0x0002  /* IN operator used for membership test */
#define IN_INDEX_LOOP        0x0004  /* IN operator used as a loop */
int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, u32, int*);

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
  int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
  int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
  int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
  int sqlite3JournalExists(sqlite3_file *p);