2.2.4

2.2.5

**     COPY
**     VACUUM
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**     PRAGMA
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.65 2002/01/22 03:13:42 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** This routine is called after a single SQL statement has been
** parsed and we want to execute the VDBE code to implement 
................................................................................
    addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_CreateTable, 0, p->isTemp);
    sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, (char *)&p->tnum, P3_POINTER);
    p->tnum = 0;
    if( !p->isTemp ){
      addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, pParse->sFirstToken.z, n);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, 5, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, 0, 0);
      changeCookie(db);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetCookie, db->next_cookie, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    }
    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_InTrans)==0 ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Commit, 0, 0);
    }
................................................................................
    if( !isTemp ){
      addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      if( pStart && pEnd ){
        n = Addr(pEnd->z) - Addr(pStart->z) + 1;
        sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, pStart->z, n);
      }
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, 5, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, 0, 0);
    }
    if( pTable ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, isTemp ? OP_OpenAux : OP_Open, 2, pTab->tnum);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, pTab->zName, P3_STATIC);
      lbl2 = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, 2, lbl2);
      lbl1 = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Recno, 2, 0);
................................................................................
        ** value is always pulled from the record number */
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, i, 0);
      }
    }
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, 0, 0);
    for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
      if( pIdx->pNext ){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
      }
      for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn; j++){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, pIdx->aiColumn[j], 0);
      }

**     COPY
**     VACUUM
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**     PRAGMA
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.66 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** This routine is called after a single SQL statement has been
** parsed and we want to execute the VDBE code to implement 
................................................................................
    addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_CreateTable, 0, p->isTemp);
    sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, (char *)&p->tnum, P3_POINTER);
    p->tnum = 0;
    if( !p->isTemp ){
      addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, pParse->sFirstToken.z, n);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, 5, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, 0, 0);
      changeCookie(db);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetCookie, db->next_cookie, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    }
    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_InTrans)==0 ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Commit, 0, 0);
    }
................................................................................
    if( !isTemp ){
      addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      if( pStart && pEnd ){
        n = Addr(pEnd->z) - Addr(pStart->z) + 1;
        sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, pStart->z, n);
      }
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, 5, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, 0, 0);
    }
    if( pTable ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, isTemp ? OP_OpenAux : OP_Open, 2, pTab->tnum);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, pTab->zName, P3_STATIC);
      lbl2 = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, 2, lbl2);
      lbl1 = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Recno, 2, 0);
................................................................................
        ** value is always pulled from the record number */
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, i, 0);
      }
    }
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, 0, 0);
    for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
      if( pIdx->pNext ){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
      }
      for(j=0; j<pIdx->nColumn; j++){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, pIdx->aiColumn[j], 0);
      }

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.32 2002/01/06 17:07:40 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is call to handle SQL of the following forms:
**
**    insert into TABLE (IDLIST) values(EXPRLIST)
................................................................................
      sqliteExprCode(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr);
    }
  }

  /* Create the new record and put it into the database.
  */
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, base, keyColumn>=0);
  
  /* Create appropriate entries for the new data row in all indices
  ** of the table.
  */
  for(idx=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, idx++){
    if( pIdx->pNext ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.33 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is call to handle SQL of the following forms:
**
**    insert into TABLE (IDLIST) values(EXPRLIST)
................................................................................
      sqliteExprCode(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr);
    }
  }

  /* Create the new record and put it into the database.
  */
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, base, keyColumn>=0);
  
  /* Create appropriate entries for the new data row in all indices
  ** of the table.
  */
  for(idx=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, idx++){
    if( pIdx->pNext ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.55 2002/01/22 14:11:29 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
*/
................................................................................
    int lbl = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeKey, pEList->nExpr, 1);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Distinct, distinct, lbl);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, pEList->nExpr+1, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
    sqliteVdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, distinct, 0);
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then store the results
  ** in a sorter.
  */
  if( pOrderBy ){
    char *zSortOrder;
................................................................................

  /* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
  ** table iParm.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Union ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, iParm, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, iParm, 0);
  }else 

  /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Table ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, iParm, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pull, 1, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, iParm, 0);
  }else 

  /* Construct a record from the query result, but instead of
  ** saving that record, use it as a key to delete elements from
  ** the temporary table iParm.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Except ){
................................................................................
  /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
  ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
  ** item into the set table with bogus data.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Set ){
    assert( nColumn==1 );
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, iParm, 0);
  }else 


  /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
  ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
  ** of the scan loop.
  */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.56 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
*/
................................................................................
    int lbl = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeKey, pEList->nExpr, 1);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Distinct, distinct, lbl);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, pEList->nExpr+1, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
    sqliteVdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, distinct, 0);
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then store the results
  ** in a sorter.
  */
  if( pOrderBy ){
    char *zSortOrder;
................................................................................

  /* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
  ** table iParm.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Union ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, iParm, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, iParm, 0);
  }else 

  /* Store the result as data using a unique key.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Table ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, iParm, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pull, 1, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, iParm, 0);
  }else 

  /* Construct a record from the query result, but instead of
  ** saving that record, use it as a key to delete elements from
  ** the temporary table iParm.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Except ){
................................................................................
  /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
  ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
  ** item into the set table with bogus data.
  */
  if( eDest==SRT_Set ){
    assert( nColumn==1 );
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, iParm, 0);
  }else 


  /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
  ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
  ** of the scan loop.
  */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.27 2002/01/22 03:13:42 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Process an UPDATE statement.
*/
void sqliteUpdate(
................................................................................
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeIdxKey, pIdx->nColumn, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_IdxPut, base+i+1, pIdx->isUnique);
  }

  /* Write the new data back into the database.
  */
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, base, 0);

  /* Increment the count of rows affected by the update
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, 1, 0);
  }

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.28 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Process an UPDATE statement.
*/
void sqliteUpdate(
................................................................................
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeIdxKey, pIdx->nColumn, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_IdxPut, base+i+1, pIdx->isUnique);
  }

  /* Write the new data back into the database.
  */
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
  sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, base, 0);

  /* Increment the count of rows affected by the update
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, 1, 0);
  }

** type to the other occurs as necessary.
** 
** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqliteVdbeExec()
** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
** a program instruction by instruction.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.107 2002/01/16 21:00:27 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
** moves, either by the OP_MoveTo or the OP_Next opcode.  The test
................................................................................
** "opNames.awk" awk script which is part of the source tree to regenerate
** this array, then copy and paste it into this file, if you want.
*/
static char *zOpName[] = { 0,
  "Transaction",       "Commit",            "Rollback",          "ReadCookie",
  "SetCookie",         "VerifyCookie",      "Open",              "OpenTemp",
  "OpenWrite",         "OpenAux",           "OpenWrAux",         "Close",
  "MoveTo",            "NewRecno",          "Put",               "Distinct",
  "Found",             "NotFound",          "Delete",            "Column",

  "KeyAsData",         "Recno",             "FullKey",           "Rewind",
  "Next",              "Destroy",           "Clear",             "CreateIndex",
  "CreateTable",       "Reorganize",        "IdxPut",            "IdxDelete",
  "IdxRecno",          "IdxGT",             "IdxGE",             "MemLoad",
  "MemStore",          "ListWrite",         "ListRewind",        "ListRead",
  "ListReset",         "SortPut",           "SortMakeRec",       "SortMakeKey",
  "Sort",              "SortNext",          "SortCallback",      "SortReset",
  "FileOpen",          "FileRead",          "FileColumn",        "AggReset",
  "AggFocus",          "AggIncr",           "AggNext",           "AggSet",
  "AggGet",            "SetInsert",         "SetFound",          "SetNotFound",
  "MakeRecord",        "MakeKey",           "MakeIdxKey",        "IncrKey",
  "Goto",              "If",                "Halt",              "ColumnCount",
  "ColumnName",        "Callback",          "NullCallback",      "Integer",
  "String",            "Pop",               "Dup",               "Pull",
  "MustBeInt",         "Add",               "AddImm",            "Subtract",
  "Multiply",          "Divide",            "Remainder",         "BitAnd",
  "BitOr",             "BitNot",            "ShiftLeft",         "ShiftRight",
  "AbsValue",          "Precision",         "Min",               "Max",
  "Like",              "Glob",              "Eq",                "Ne",
  "Lt",                "Le",                "Gt",                "Ge",
  "IsNull",            "NotNull",           "Negative",          "And",
  "Or",                "Not",               "Concat",            "Noop",
  "Strlen",            "Substr",            "Limit",           

};

/*
** Given the name of an opcode, return its number.  Return 0 if
** there is no match.
**
** This routine is used for testing and debugging.
................................................................................
  }
  POPSTACK;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Distinct P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a key.  If a record with that key does
** not exist in the table of cursor P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does already exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing
** at the record if it exists. The key is not popped from the stack.
**
** This operation is similar to NotFound except that this operation
** does not pop the key from the stack.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, MoveTo
*/
/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a key.  If a record with that key
** does exist in table of P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does not exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing
** to the record if it exists.  The key is popped from the stack.
**
** See also: Distinct, NotFound, MoveTo
*/
/* Opcode: NotFound P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a key.  If a record with that key
** does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing to the
** record if it exists.  The key is popped from the stack.
**
** The difference between this operation and Distinct is that
** Distinct does not pop the key from the stack.
**
** See also: Distinct, Found, MoveTo
*/
case OP_Distinct:
case OP_NotFound:
case OP_Found: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int tos = p->tos;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res, rx;
    if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int ){
      int iKey = intToKey(aStack[tos].i);
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, (char*)&iKey, sizeof(int), &res);
    }else{
      if( Stringify(p, tos) ) goto no_mem;
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, zStack[tos], aStack[tos].n, &res);
    }
    alreadyExists = rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Found ){
    if( alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{
    if( !alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode!=OP_Distinct ){
    POPSTACK;
  }
  break;
}

































/* Opcode: NewRecno P1 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number used as the key to a table.
** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is pushed 
** onto the stack.
................................................................................
  VERIFY( NeedStack(p, p->tos+1); )
  p->tos++;
  aStack[p->tos].i = v;
  aStack[p->tos].flags = STK_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Put P1 P2 *











**
** Write an entry into the database file P1.  A new entry is
** created if it doesn't already exist or the data for an existing
** entry is overwritten.  The data is the value on the top of the
** stack.  The key is the next value down on the stack.  The stack
** is popped twice by this instruction.
**
** If P2==1 then overwriting is prohibited.  If a prior entry with
** the same key exists, an SQLITE_CONSTRAINT exception is raised.
*/
case OP_Put: {

  int tos = p->tos;
  int nos = p->tos-1;
  int i = pOp->p1;
  VERIFY( if( nos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) p->aCsr[i].pCursor!=0 ){
    char *zKey;
    int nKey, iKey;
    if( (aStack[nos].flags & STK_Int)==0 ){
      if( Stringify(p, nos) ) goto no_mem;
      nKey = aStack[nos].n;
      zKey = zStack[nos];
    }else{

      nKey = sizeof(int);
      iKey = intToKey(aStack[nos].i);
      zKey = (char*)&iKey;
      db->lastRowid = aStack[nos].i;
    }
    if( pOp->p2 ){
      int res;

** type to the other occurs as necessary.
** 
** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqliteVdbeExec()
** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
** a program instruction by instruction.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.108 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
** moves, either by the OP_MoveTo or the OP_Next opcode.  The test
................................................................................
** "opNames.awk" awk script which is part of the source tree to regenerate
** this array, then copy and paste it into this file, if you want.
*/
static char *zOpName[] = { 0,
  "Transaction",       "Commit",            "Rollback",          "ReadCookie",
  "SetCookie",         "VerifyCookie",      "Open",              "OpenTemp",
  "OpenWrite",         "OpenAux",           "OpenWrAux",         "Close",
  "MoveTo",            "NewRecno",          "PutIntKey",         "PutStrKey",
  "Distinct",          "Found",             "NotFound",          "NotExists",
  "Delete",            "Column",            "KeyAsData",         "Recno",
  "FullKey",           "Rewind",            "Next",              "Destroy",
  "Clear",             "CreateIndex",       "CreateTable",       "Reorganize",
  "IdxPut",            "IdxDelete",         "IdxRecno",          "IdxGT",
  "IdxGE",             "MemLoad",           "MemStore",          "ListWrite",
  "ListRewind",        "ListRead",          "ListReset",         "SortPut",
  "SortMakeRec",       "SortMakeKey",       "Sort",              "SortNext",
  "SortCallback",      "SortReset",         "FileOpen",          "FileRead",
  "FileColumn",        "AggReset",          "AggFocus",          "AggIncr",
  "AggNext",           "AggSet",            "AggGet",            "SetInsert",
  "SetFound",          "SetNotFound",       "MakeRecord",        "MakeKey",
  "MakeIdxKey",        "IncrKey",           "Goto",              "If",
  "Halt",              "ColumnCount",       "ColumnName",        "Callback",
  "NullCallback",      "Integer",           "String",            "Pop",
  "Dup",               "Pull",              "MustBeInt",         "Add",
  "AddImm",            "Subtract",          "Multiply",          "Divide",
  "Remainder",         "BitAnd",            "BitOr",             "BitNot",
  "ShiftLeft",         "ShiftRight",        "AbsValue",          "Precision",

  "Min",               "Max",               "Like",              "Glob",
  "Eq",                "Ne",                "Lt",                "Le",
  "Gt",                "Ge",                "IsNull",            "NotNull",
  "Negative",          "And",               "Or",                "Not",
  "Concat",            "Noop",              "Strlen",            "Substr",
  "Limit",           
};

/*
** Given the name of an opcode, return its number.  Return 0 if
** there is no match.
**
** This routine is used for testing and debugging.
................................................................................
  }
  POPSTACK;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Distinct P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a string key.  If a record with that key does
** not exist in the table of cursor P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does already exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing
** at the record if it exists. The key is not popped from the stack.
**
** This operation is similar to NotFound except that this operation
** does not pop the key from the stack.
**
** See also: Found, NotFound, MoveTo
*/
/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a string key.  If a record with that key
** does exist in table of P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does not exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing
** to the record if it exists.  The key is popped from the stack.
**
** See also: Distinct, NotFound, MoveTo
*/
/* Opcode: NotFound P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a string key.  If a record with that key
** does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing to the
** record if it exists.  The key is popped from the stack.
**
** The difference between this operation and Distinct is that
** Distinct does not pop the key from the stack.
**
** See also: Distinct, Found, MoveTo, NotExists
*/
case OP_Distinct:
case OP_NotFound:
case OP_Found: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int tos = p->tos;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res, rx;




    if( Stringify(p, tos) ) goto no_mem;
    rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, zStack[tos], aStack[tos].n, &res);

    alreadyExists = rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Found ){
    if( alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{
    if( !alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode!=OP_Distinct ){
    POPSTACK;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotExists P1 P2 *
**
** Use the top of the stack as a integer key.  If a record with that key
** does not exist in table of P1, then jump to P2.  If the record
** does exist, then fall thru.  The cursor is left pointing to the
** record if it exists.  The integer key is popped from the stack.
**
** The difference between this operation and NotFound is that this
** operation assumes the key is an integer and NotFound assumes it
** is a string.
**
** See also: Distinct, Found, MoveTo, NotExists
*/
case OP_NotExists: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  int tos = p->tos;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res, rx, iKey;
    assert( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int );
    iKey = intToKey(aStack[tos].i);
    rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, (char*)&iKey, sizeof(int), &res);
    if( rx!=SQLITE_OK || res!=0 ){
       pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    }
  }
  POPSTACK;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NewRecno P1 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number used as the key to a table.
** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is pushed 
** onto the stack.
................................................................................
  VERIFY( NeedStack(p, p->tos+1); )
  p->tos++;
  aStack[p->tos].i = v;
  aStack[p->tos].flags = STK_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: PutIK P1 P2 *
**
** Write an entry into the database file P1.  A new entry is
** created if it doesn't already exist or the data for an existing
** entry is overwritten.  The data is the value on the top of the
** stack.  The key is the next value down on the stack.  The key must
** be an integer.  The stack is popped twice by this instruction.
**
** If P2==1 then overwriting is prohibited.  If a prior entry with
** the same key exists, an SQLITE_CONSTRAINT exception is raised.
*/
/* Opcode: PutSK P1 P2 *
**
** Write an entry into the database file P1.  A new entry is
** created if it doesn't already exist or the data for an existing
** entry is overwritten.  The data is the value on the top of the
** stack.  The key is the next value down on the stack.  The key must
** be a string.  The stack is popped twice by this instruction.
**
** If P2==1 then overwriting is prohibited.  If a prior entry with
** the same key exists, an SQLITE_CONSTRAINT exception is raised.
*/
case OP_PutIntKey:
case OP_PutStrKey: {
  int tos = p->tos;
  int nos = p->tos-1;
  int i = pOp->p1;
  VERIFY( if( nos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) p->aCsr[i].pCursor!=0 ){
    char *zKey;
    int nKey, iKey;
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_PutStrKey ){
      if( Stringify(p, nos) ) goto no_mem;
      nKey = aStack[nos].n;
      zKey = zStack[nos];
    }else{
      assert( aStack[nos].flags & STK_Int );
      nKey = sizeof(int);
      iKey = intToKey(aStack[nos].i);
      zKey = (char*)&iKey;
      db->lastRowid = aStack[nos].i;
    }
    if( pOp->p2 ){
      int res;

*************************************************************************
** Header file for the Virtual DataBase Engine (VDBE)
**
** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
**
** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.37 2001/12/22 14:49:26 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#include <stdio.h>

/*
** A single VDBE is an opaque structure named "Vdbe".  Only routines
................................................................................
#define OP_OpenTemp            8
#define OP_OpenWrite           9
#define OP_OpenAux            10
#define OP_OpenWrAux          11
#define OP_Close              12
#define OP_MoveTo             13
#define OP_NewRecno           14
#define OP_Put                15

#define OP_Distinct           16
#define OP_Found              17
#define OP_NotFound           18

#define OP_Delete             19
#define OP_Column             20
#define OP_KeyAsData          21
#define OP_Recno              22
#define OP_FullKey            23
#define OP_Rewind             24
#define OP_Next               25

#define OP_Destroy            26
#define OP_Clear              27
#define OP_CreateIndex        28
#define OP_CreateTable        29
#define OP_Reorganize         30

#define OP_IdxPut             31
#define OP_IdxDelete          32
#define OP_IdxRecno           33
#define OP_IdxGT              34
#define OP_IdxGE              35

#define OP_MemLoad            36
#define OP_MemStore           37

#define OP_ListWrite          38
#define OP_ListRewind         39
#define OP_ListRead           40
#define OP_ListReset          41

#define OP_SortPut            42
#define OP_SortMakeRec        43
#define OP_SortMakeKey        44
#define OP_Sort               45
#define OP_SortNext           46
#define OP_SortCallback       47
#define OP_SortReset          48

#define OP_FileOpen           49
#define OP_FileRead           50
#define OP_FileColumn         51

#define OP_AggReset           52
#define OP_AggFocus           53
#define OP_AggIncr            54
#define OP_AggNext            55
#define OP_AggSet             56
#define OP_AggGet             57

#define OP_SetInsert          58
#define OP_SetFound           59
#define OP_SetNotFound        60

#define OP_MakeRecord         61
#define OP_MakeKey            62
#define OP_MakeIdxKey         63
#define OP_IncrKey            64

#define OP_Goto               65
#define OP_If                 66
#define OP_Halt               67

#define OP_ColumnCount        68
#define OP_ColumnName         69
#define OP_Callback           70
#define OP_NullCallback       71

#define OP_Integer            72
#define OP_String             73
#define OP_Pop                74
#define OP_Dup                75
#define OP_Pull               76
#define OP_MustBeInt          77

#define OP_Add                78
#define OP_AddImm             79
#define OP_Subtract           80
#define OP_Multiply           81
#define OP_Divide             82
#define OP_Remainder          83
#define OP_BitAnd             84
#define OP_BitOr              85
#define OP_BitNot             86
#define OP_ShiftLeft          87
#define OP_ShiftRight         88
#define OP_AbsValue           89
#define OP_Precision          90
#define OP_Min                91
#define OP_Max                92
#define OP_Like               93
#define OP_Glob               94
#define OP_Eq                 95
#define OP_Ne                 96
#define OP_Lt                 97
#define OP_Le                 98
#define OP_Gt                 99
#define OP_Ge                100
#define OP_IsNull            101
#define OP_NotNull           102
#define OP_Negative          103
#define OP_And               104
#define OP_Or                105
#define OP_Not               106
#define OP_Concat            107
#define OP_Noop              108

#define OP_Strlen            109
#define OP_Substr            110

#define OP_Limit             111

#define OP_MAX               111

/*
** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
** for a description of what each of these routines does.
*/
Vdbe *sqliteVdbeCreate(sqlite*);
void sqliteVdbeCreateCallback(Vdbe*, int*);

*************************************************************************
** Header file for the Virtual DataBase Engine (VDBE)
**
** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
**
** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.38 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#include <stdio.h>

/*
** A single VDBE is an opaque structure named "Vdbe".  Only routines
................................................................................
#define OP_OpenTemp            8
#define OP_OpenWrite           9
#define OP_OpenAux            10
#define OP_OpenWrAux          11
#define OP_Close              12
#define OP_MoveTo             13
#define OP_NewRecno           14
#define OP_PutIntKey          15
#define OP_PutStrKey          16
#define OP_Distinct           17
#define OP_Found              18
#define OP_NotFound           19
#define OP_NotExists          20
#define OP_Delete             21
#define OP_Column             22
#define OP_KeyAsData          23
#define OP_Recno              24
#define OP_FullKey            25
#define OP_Rewind             26
#define OP_Next               27

#define OP_Destroy            28
#define OP_Clear              29
#define OP_CreateIndex        30
#define OP_CreateTable        31
#define OP_Reorganize         32

#define OP_IdxPut             33
#define OP_IdxDelete          34
#define OP_IdxRecno           35
#define OP_IdxGT              36
#define OP_IdxGE              37

#define OP_MemLoad            38
#define OP_MemStore           39

#define OP_ListWrite          40
#define OP_ListRewind         41
#define OP_ListRead           42
#define OP_ListReset          43

#define OP_SortPut            44
#define OP_SortMakeRec        45
#define OP_SortMakeKey        46
#define OP_Sort               47
#define OP_SortNext           48
#define OP_SortCallback       49
#define OP_SortReset          50

#define OP_FileOpen           51
#define OP_FileRead           52
#define OP_FileColumn         53

#define OP_AggReset           54
#define OP_AggFocus           55
#define OP_AggIncr            56
#define OP_AggNext            57
#define OP_AggSet             58
#define OP_AggGet             59

#define OP_SetInsert          60
#define OP_SetFound           61
#define OP_SetNotFound        62

#define OP_MakeRecord         63
#define OP_MakeKey            64
#define OP_MakeIdxKey         65
#define OP_IncrKey            66

#define OP_Goto               67
#define OP_If                 68
#define OP_Halt               69

#define OP_ColumnCount        70
#define OP_ColumnName         71
#define OP_Callback           72
#define OP_NullCallback       73

#define OP_Integer            74
#define OP_String             75
#define OP_Pop                76
#define OP_Dup                77
#define OP_Pull               78
#define OP_MustBeInt          79

#define OP_Add                80
#define OP_AddImm             81
#define OP_Subtract           82
#define OP_Multiply           83
#define OP_Divide             84
#define OP_Remainder          85
#define OP_BitAnd             86
#define OP_BitOr              87
#define OP_BitNot             88
#define OP_ShiftLeft          89
#define OP_ShiftRight         90
#define OP_AbsValue           91
#define OP_Precision          92
#define OP_Min                93
#define OP_Max                94
#define OP_Like               95
#define OP_Glob               96
#define OP_Eq                 97
#define OP_Ne                 98
#define OP_Lt                 99
#define OP_Le                100
#define OP_Gt                101
#define OP_Ge                102
#define OP_IsNull            103
#define OP_NotNull           104
#define OP_Negative          105
#define OP_And               106
#define OP_Or                107
#define OP_Not               108
#define OP_Concat            109
#define OP_Noop              110

#define OP_Strlen            111
#define OP_Substr            112

#define OP_Limit             113

#define OP_MAX               113

/*
** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
** for a description of what each of these routines does.
*/
Vdbe *sqliteVdbeCreate(sqlite*);
void sqliteVdbeCreateCallback(Vdbe*, int*);

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  Also found here are subroutines
** to generate VDBE code to evaluate expressions.
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.32 2002/01/09 03:20:00 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
** clause subexpression is separated from the others by an AND operator.
................................................................................
        sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pLeft);
      }
      aExpr[k].p = 0;
      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = brk;
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, brk);
      if( i==pTabList->nId-1 && pushKey ){







        haveKey = 1;
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Distinct, base+idx, brk);
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotFound, base+idx, brk);
        haveKey = 0;
      }

      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( pIdx!=0 && pLevel->score%4==0 ){
      /* Case 2:  All index constraints are equality operators.
      */
      int start;
      int testOp;
      int nColumn = pLevel->score/4;

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  Also found here are subroutines
** to generate VDBE code to evaluate expressions.
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.33 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
** clause subexpression is separated from the others by an AND operator.
................................................................................
        sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pLeft);
      }
      aExpr[k].p = 0;
      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = brk;
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, brk);
      if( i==pTabList->nId-1 && pushKey ){
        /* Note: The OP_Dup below will cause the key to be left on the
        ** stack if the key does not exists and the OP_NotExists jump is
        ** taken.  This violates a general rule of the VDBE that you should
        ** never leave values on the stack in order to avoid a stack overflow.
        ** But in this case, the OP_Dup will never happen inside of a loop,
        ** so it is safe to leave it on the stack.
        */
        haveKey = 1;
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
      }else{

        haveKey = 0;
      }
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotExists, base+idx, brk);
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( pIdx!=0 && pLevel->score%4==0 ){
      /* Case 2:  All index constraints are equality operators.
      */
      int start;
      int testOp;
      int nColumn = pLevel->score/4;

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the IN and BETWEEN operator.
#
# $Id: in.test,v 1.5 2001/09/16 00:13:28 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Generate the test data we will need for the first squences of tests.
#
do_test in-1.0 {
................................................................................
    WHERE a IN (
       'Do','an','IN','with','a','constant','RHS','but','where','the',
       'has','many','elements','We','need','to','test','that',
       'collisions','hash','table','are','resolved','properly',
       'This','in-set','contains','thirty','one','entries','hello');
  }
} {hello world}





































































finish_test

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the IN and BETWEEN operator.
#
# $Id: in.test,v 1.6 2002/01/28 15:53:05 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Generate the test data we will need for the first squences of tests.
#
do_test in-1.0 {
................................................................................
    WHERE a IN (
       'Do','an','IN','with','a','constant','RHS','but','where','the',
       'has','many','elements','We','need','to','test','that',
       'collisions','hash','table','are','resolved','properly',
       'This','in-set','contains','thirty','one','entries','hello');
  }
} {hello world}

# Make sure the IN operator works with INTEGER PRIMARY KEY fields.
#
do_test in-6.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE ta(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(1,1);
    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(2,2);
    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(3,3);
    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(4,4);
    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(6,6);
    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(8,8);
    SELECT * FROM ta;
  }
} {1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 8 8}
do_test in-6.2 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE tb(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(1,1);
    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(2,2);
    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(3,3);
    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(5,5);
    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(7,7);
    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(9,9);
    SELECT * FROM tb;
  }
} {1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9}
do_test in-6.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test in-6.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b NOT IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
  }
} {4 6 8}
do_test in-6.5 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test in-6.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b NOT IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
  }
} {4 6 8}
do_test in-6.7 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test in-6.8 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
  }
} {4 6 8}
do_test in-6.9 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test in-6.10 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a NOT IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
  }
} {4 6 8}


finish_test

}


proc chng {date desc} {
  puts "<DT><B>$date</B></DT>"
  puts "<DD><P><UL>$desc</UL></P></DD>"
}








chng {2002 Jan 22 (2.2.4)} {
<li>The label to the right of an AS in the column list of a SELECT can now
    be used as part of an expression in the WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and/or
    HAVING clauses.</li>
<li>Fix a bug in the <b>-separator</b> command-line option to the <b>sqlite</b>
    command.</li>

}


proc chng {date desc} {
  puts "<DT><B>$date</B></DT>"
  puts "<DD><P><UL>$desc</UL></P></DD>"
}

chng {2002 Jan 28 (2.2.5)} {
<li>Important bug fix: the IN operator was not working if either the
    left-hand or right-hand side was derived from an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.</li>
<li>Do not escape the backslash '\' character in the output of the
    <b>sqlite</b> command-line access program.</li>
}

chng {2002 Jan 22 (2.2.4)} {
<li>The label to the right of an AS in the column list of a SELECT can now
    be used as part of an expression in the WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, and/or
    HAVING clauses.</li>
<li>Fix a bug in the <b>-separator</b> command-line option to the <b>sqlite</b>
    command.</li>