SQLite

/*
** 2005 July 8
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code associated with the ANALYZE command.
**
** @(#) $Id: analyze.c,v 1.49 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine generates code that opens the sqlite_stat1 table on cursor
** iStatCur.

    return;
  }
#endif

  /* Establish a read-lock on the table at the shared-cache level. */
  sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);

  iIdxCur = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
    int regFields;    /* Register block for building records */
    int regRec;       /* Register holding completed record */
    int regTemp;      /* Temporary use register */
    int regCol;       /* Content of a column from the table being analyzed */
    int regRowid;     /* Rowid for the inserted record */

/*
** 2003 April 6
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to implement the ATTACH and DETACH commands.
**
** $Id: attach.c,v 1.83 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
/*
** Resolve an expression that was part of an ATTACH or DETACH statement. This
** is slightly different from resolving a normal SQL expression, because simple

  return 0;
}
int sqlite3FixExpr(
  DbFixer *pFix,     /* Context of the fixation */
  Expr *pExpr        /* The expression to be fixed to one database */
){
  while( pExpr ){
    if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly) ) break;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      if( sqlite3FixSelect(pFix, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return 1;

    }else{
      if( sqlite3FixExprList(pFix, pExpr->x.pList) ) return 1;

    }
    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pExpr->pRight) ){
      return 1;
    }
    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
  }
  return 0;

**     CREATE INDEX
**     DROP INDEX
**     creating ID lists
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.519 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
*/

      /* Once all the cookies have been verified and transactions opened, 
      ** obtain the required table-locks. This is a no-op unless the 
      ** shared-cache feature is enabled.
      */
      codeTableLocks(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pParse->cookieGoto);
    }













  }


  /* Get the VDBE program ready for execution
  */
  if( v && pParse->nErr==0 && !db->mallocFailed ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    FILE *trace = (db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace)!=0 ? stdout : 0;
    sqlite3VdbeTrace(v, trace);
#endif
    assert( pParse->disableColCache==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse->nVar, pParse->nMem,
                         pParse->nTab, pParse->explain);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
    pParse->colNamesSet = 0;
  }else if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  pParse->nTab = 0;
  pParse->nMem = 0;

** writing. The table is opened using cursor 0.
*/
void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *p, int iDb){
  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
  sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, MASTER_ROOT, 1, SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb));
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SetNumColumns, 0, 5);/* sqlite_master has 5 columns */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 0, MASTER_ROOT, iDb);
  if( p->nTab==0 ){
    p->nTab = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Parameter zName points to a nul-terminated buffer containing the name
** of a database ("main", "temp" or the name of an attached db). This
** function returns the index of the named database in db->aDb[], or
** -1 if the named db cannot be found.

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)!=0 ){
    pCol = &(p->aCol[p->nCol-1]);
    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pExpr) ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "default value of column [%s] is not constant",
          pCol->zName);
    }else{
      /* A copy of pExpr is used instead of the original, as pExpr contains
      ** tokens that point to volatile memory. The 'span' of the expression
      ** is required by pragma table_info.
      */
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
      pCol->pDflt = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, EXPRDUP_REDUCE|EXPRDUP_SPAN);



    }
  }
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
}

/*
** Designate the PRIMARY KEY for the table.  pList is a list of names 

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
  Table *pTab = pParse->pNewTable;
  if( pTab && !IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
    /* The CHECK expression must be duplicated so that tokens refer
    ** to malloced space and not the (ephemeral) text of the CREATE TABLE
    ** statement */
    pTab->pCheck = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pTab->pCheck, 
                                  sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCheckExpr, 0));
  }
#endif
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCheckExpr);
}

/*
** Set the collation function of the most recently parsed table column

    ** a schema-lock excludes all other database users, the write-lock would
    ** be redundant.
    */
    if( pSelect ){
      SelectDest dest;
      Table *pSelTab;

      assert(pParse->nTab==1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenWrite, 1, pParse->regRoot, iDb);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
      pParse->nTab = 2;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Table, 1);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, 1);
      if( pParse->nErr==0 ){

  }

  /* Make a copy of the entire SELECT statement that defines the view.
  ** This will force all the Expr.token.z values to be dynamically
  ** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
  ** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
  */
  p->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    return;
  }
  if( !db->init.busy ){
    sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, p);
  }

  ** Note that the call to sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() will expand any
  ** "*" elements in the results set of the view and will assign cursors
  ** to the elements of the FROM clause.  But we do not want these changes
  ** to be permanent.  So the computation is done on a copy of the SELECT
  ** statement that defines the view.
  */
  assert( pTable->pSelect );
  pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect, 0);
  if( pSel ){
    n = pParse->nTab;
    sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
    pTable->nCol = -1;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
    xAuth = db->xAuth;
    db->xAuth = 0;

** created.  The register specified by memRootPage contains the
** root page number of the index.  If memRootPage is negative, then
** the index already exists and must be cleared before being refilled and
** the root page number of the index is taken from pIndex->tnum.
*/
static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){
  Table *pTab = pIndex->pTable;  /* The table that is indexed */
  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;     /* Btree cursor used for pTab */
  int iIdx = pParse->nTab++;     /* Btree cursor used for pIndex */
  int addr1;                     /* Address of top of loop */
  int tnum;                      /* Root page of index */
  Vdbe *v;                       /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
  KeyInfo *pKey;                 /* KeyInfo for index */
  int regIdxKey;                 /* Registers containing the index key */
  int regRecord;                 /* Register holding assemblied index record */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;      /* The database connection */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** in order to generate code for DELETE FROM statements.
**
** $Id: delete.c,v 1.192 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Look up every table that is named in pSrc.  If any table is not found,
** add an error message to pParse->zErrMsg and return NULL.  If all tables
** are found, return a pointer to the last table.

  Expr *pWhere,        /* Optional WHERE clause to be added */
  int iCur             /* Cursor number for ephemerial table */
){
  SelectDest dest;
  Select *pDup;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  pDup = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pView->pSelect, 0);
  if( pWhere ){
    SrcList *pFrom;
    Token viewName;
    
    pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
    viewName.z = (u8*)pView->zName;
    viewName.n = (unsigned int)sqlite3Strlen30((const char*)viewName.z);
    pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse, 0, 0, 0, &viewName, pDup, 0,0);
    pDup = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  }
  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
  sqlite3Select(pParse, pDup, &dest);

  pSelectRowid = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ROW, 0, 0, 0);
  if( pSelectRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
  pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pSelectRowid, 0);
  if( pEList == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_2;

  /* duplicate the FROM clause as it is needed by both the DELETE/UPDATE tree
  ** and the SELECT subtree. */
  pSelectSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(pParse->db, pSrc, 0);
  if( pSelectSrc == 0 ) {
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pEList);
    goto limit_where_cleanup_2;
  }

  /* generate the SELECT expression tree. */
  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,pEList,pSelectSrc,pWhere,0,0,pOrderBy,0,pLimit,pOffset);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
**
** $Id: expr.c,v 1.412 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
**
** If pExpr is a column, a reference to a column via an 'AS' alias,

** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a;
** SELECT a AS b FROM t1 WHERE b;
** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (select a from t1);
*/
char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
  int op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_SELECT ){
    assert( pExpr->flags&EP_xIsSelect );
    return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
  if( op==TK_CAST ){
    return sqlite3AffinityType(&pExpr->token);
  }
#endif
  if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_REGISTER) 

  assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_IN || pExpr->op==TK_LT ||
          pExpr->op==TK_GT || pExpr->op==TK_GE || pExpr->op==TK_LE ||
          pExpr->op==TK_NE );
  assert( pExpr->pLeft );
  aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  if( pExpr->pRight ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->pRight, aff);

  }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr, aff);

  }else if( !aff ){
    aff = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
  }
  return aff;
}

/*
** pExpr is a comparison expression, eg. '=', '<', IN(...) etc.

** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other 
** referenced Expr plus one.
*/
static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
  }else{
    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);

  }
  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
}

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable using the exprSetHeight() function. If
** the height is greater than the maximum allowed expression depth,
** leave an error in pParse.

  assert( pToken );
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Expr) );
  if( pNew==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList); /* Avoid leaking memory when malloc fails */
    return 0;
  }
  pNew->op = TK_FUNCTION;
  pNew->x.pList = pList;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
  assert( pToken->dyn==0 );
  pNew->token = *pToken;
  pNew->span = pNew->token;

  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, pNew);
  return pNew;
}

}

/*
** Clear an expression structure without deleting the structure itself.
** Substructure is deleted.
*/
void sqlite3ExprClear(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  if( p->token.dyn ) sqlite3DbFree(db, (char*)p->token.z);
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly) ){
    if( p->span.dyn ) sqlite3DbFree(db, (char*)p->span.z);
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) ){
      if( p->pLeft ) sqlite3ExprClear(db, p->pLeft);
      if( p->pRight ) sqlite3ExprClear(db, p->pRight);
    }else{
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLeft);
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pRight);
    }
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Recursively delete an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  if( p==0 ) return;
  sqlite3ExprClear(db, p);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** The Expr.token field might be a string literal that is quoted.
** If so, remove the quotation marks.
*/
void sqlite3DequoteExpr(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  if( ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_Dequoted) ){
    return;
  }
  ExprSetProperty(p, EP_Dequoted);
  if( p->token.dyn==0 && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) ){
    sqlite3TokenCopy(db, &p->token, &p->token);
  }
  sqlite3Dequote((char*)p->token.z);
}

/*
** Return the number of bytes allocated for the expression structure 
** passed as the first argument. This is always one of EXPR_FULLSIZE,
** EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE or EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE.
*/
static int exprStructSize(Expr *p){
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ) return EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE;
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_SpanOnly) ) return EXPR_SPANONLYSIZE;
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced) ) return EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE;
  return EXPR_FULLSIZE;
}

/*
** sqlite3ExprDup() has been called to create a copy of expression p with
** the EXPRDUP_XXX flags passed as the second argument. This function 
** returns the space required for the copy of the Expr structure only.
** This is always one of EXPR_FULLSIZE, EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE or EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE.
*/
static int dupedExprStructSize(Expr *p, int flags){
  int nSize;
  if( 0==(flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE) ){
    nSize = EXPR_FULLSIZE;
  }else if( p->pLeft || p->pRight || p->pColl || p->x.pList ){
    nSize = EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE;
  }else if( flags&EXPRDUP_SPAN ){
    nSize = EXPR_SPANONLYSIZE;
  }else{
    nSize = EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE;
  }
  return nSize;
}

/*
** sqlite3ExprDup() has been called to create a copy of expression p with
** the EXPRDUP_XXX passed as the second argument. This function returns
** the space in bytes required to store the copy of the Expr structure
** and the copies of the Expr.token.z and Expr.span.z (if applicable)
** string buffers.
*/
static int dupedExprNodeSize(Expr *p, int flags){
  int nByte = dupedExprStructSize(p, flags) + (p->token.z ? p->token.n + 1 : 0);
  if( flags&EXPRDUP_SPAN && (p->token.z!=p->span.z || p->token.n!=p->span.n) ){
    nByte += p->span.n;
  }
  return (nByte+7)&~7;
}

/*
** Return the number of bytes required to create a duplicate of the 
** expression passed as the first argument. The second argument is a
** mask containing EXPRDUP_XXX flags.
**
** The value returned includes space to create a copy of the Expr struct
** itself and the buffer referred to by Expr.token, if any. If the 
** EXPRDUP_SPAN flag is set, then space to create a copy of the buffer
** refered to by Expr.span is also included.
**
** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the return value includes 
** space to duplicate all Expr nodes in the tree formed by Expr.pLeft 
** and Expr.pRight variables (but not for any structures pointed to or 
** descended from the Expr.x.pList or Expr.x.pSelect variables).
*/
static int dupedExprSize(Expr *p, int flags){
  int nByte = 0;
  if( p ){
    nByte = dupedExprNodeSize(p, flags);
    if( flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE ){
      int f = flags&(~EXPRDUP_SPAN);
      nByte += dupedExprSize(p->pLeft, f) + dupedExprSize(p->pRight, f);
    }
  }
  return nByte;
}

/*
** This function is similar to sqlite3ExprDup(), except that if pzBuffer 
** is not NULL then *pzBuffer is assumed to point to a buffer large enough 
** to store the copy of expression p, the copies of p->token and p->span 
** (if applicable), and the copies of the p->pLeft and p->pRight expressions,
** if any. Before returning, *pzBuffer is set to the first byte passed the
** portion of the buffer copied into by this function.
*/
static Expr *exprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int flags, u8 **pzBuffer){
  Expr *pNew = 0;                      /* Value to return */
  if( p ){
    const int isRequireSpan = (flags&EXPRDUP_SPAN);
    const int isReduced = (flags&EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
    u8 *zAlloc;

    assert( pzBuffer==0 || isReduced );

    /* Figure out where to write the new Expr structure. */
    if( pzBuffer ){
      zAlloc = *pzBuffer;
    }else{
      zAlloc = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, dupedExprSize(p, flags));
    }
    pNew = (Expr *)zAlloc;

    if( pNew ){
      /* Set nNewSize to the size allocated for the structure pointed to
      ** by pNew. This is either EXPR_FULLSIZE, EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE or
      ** EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE. nToken is set to the number of bytes consumed
      ** by the copy of the p->token.z string (if any).
      */
      const int nNewSize = dupedExprStructSize(p, flags);
      const int nToken = (p->token.z ? p->token.n + 1 : 0);
      if( isReduced ){
        assert( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Reduced)==0 );
        memcpy(zAlloc, p, nNewSize);
      }else{
        int nSize = exprStructSize(p);
        memcpy(zAlloc, p, nSize);
        memset(&zAlloc[nSize], 0, EXPR_FULLSIZE-nSize);
      }

      /* Set the EP_Reduced and EP_TokenOnly flags appropriately. */
      pNew->flags &= ~(EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly);
      switch( nNewSize ){
        case EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE:   pNew->flags |= EP_Reduced; break;
        case EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE: pNew->flags |= EP_TokenOnly; break;
        case EXPR_SPANONLYSIZE:  pNew->flags |= EP_SpanOnly; break;
      }

      /* Copy the p->token string, if any. */
      if( nToken ){
        unsigned char *zToken = &zAlloc[nNewSize];
        memcpy(zToken, p->token.z, nToken-1);
        zToken[nToken-1] = '\0';
        pNew->token.dyn = 0;
        pNew->token.z = zToken;
      }

      if( 0==((p->flags|pNew->flags) & EP_TokenOnly) ){
        /* Fill in the pNew->span token, if required. */
        if( isRequireSpan ){
          if( p->token.z!=p->span.z || p->token.n!=p->span.n ){
            pNew->span.z = &zAlloc[nNewSize+nToken];
            memcpy((char *)pNew->span.z, p->span.z, p->span.n);
            pNew->span.dyn = 0;
          }else{
            pNew->span.z = pNew->token.z;
            pNew->span.n = pNew->token.n;
          }
        }else{
          pNew->span.z = 0;
          pNew->span.n = 0;
        }
      }

      if( 0==((p->flags|pNew->flags) & (EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly)) ){
        /* Fill in the pNew->x.pSelect or pNew->x.pList member. */
        if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
          pNew->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->x.pSelect, isReduced);
        }else{
          pNew->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->x.pList, isReduced);
        }
      }

      /* Fill in pNew->pLeft and pNew->pRight. */
      if( ExprHasAnyProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly) ){
        zAlloc += dupedExprNodeSize(p, flags);
        if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_Reduced) ){
          pNew->pLeft = exprDup(db, p->pLeft, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc);
          pNew->pRight = exprDup(db, p->pRight, EXPRDUP_REDUCE, &zAlloc);
        }
        if( pzBuffer ){
          *pzBuffer = zAlloc;
        }
      }else if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly) ){
        pNew->pLeft = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLeft, 0);
        pNew->pRight = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pRight, 0);
      }
    }
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*
** The following group of routines make deep copies of expressions,
** expression lists, ID lists, and select statements.  The copies can
** be deleted (by being passed to their respective ...Delete() routines)
** without effecting the originals.
**
** The expression list, ID, and source lists return by sqlite3ExprListDup(),
** sqlite3IdListDup(), and sqlite3SrcListDup() can not be further expanded 
** by subsequent calls to sqlite*ListAppend() routines.
**
** Any tables that the SrcList might point to are not duplicated.
**
** The flags parameter contains a combination of the EXPRDUP_XXX flags. If
** the EXPRDUP_SPAN flag is set in the argument parameter, then the 
** Expr.span field of the input expression is copied. If EXPRDUP_SPAN is
** clear, then the Expr.span field of the returned expression structure
** is zeroed.
**
** If the EXPRDUP_REDUCE flag is set, then the structure returned is a
** truncated version of the usual Expr structure that will be stored as
** part of the in-memory representation of the database schema.
*/
Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p, int flags){
















  return exprDup(db, p, flags, 0);
}
void sqlite3TokenCopy(sqlite3 *db, Token *pTo, Token *pFrom){
  if( pTo->dyn ) sqlite3DbFree(db, (char*)pTo->z);
  if( pFrom->z ){
    pTo->n = pFrom->n;
    pTo->z = (u8*)sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pFrom->z, pFrom->n);
    pTo->dyn = 1;
  }else{
    pTo->z = 0;
  }
}
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3 *db, ExprList *p, int flags){
  ExprList *pNew;
  struct ExprList_item *pItem, *pOldItem;
  int i;
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pNew) );
  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
  pNew->iECursor = 0;
  pNew->nExpr = pNew->nAlloc = p->nExpr;
  pNew->a = pItem = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db,  p->nExpr*sizeof(p->a[0]) );
  if( pItem==0 ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pNew);
    return 0;
  } 
  pOldItem = p->a;
  for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++, pItem++, pOldItem++){
    Expr *pNewExpr;
    Expr *pOldExpr = pOldItem->pExpr;
    pItem->pExpr = pNewExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldExpr, flags);









    pItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pItem->sortOrder = pOldItem->sortOrder;
    pItem->done = 0;
    pItem->iCol = pOldItem->iCol;
    pItem->iAlias = pOldItem->iAlias;
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*
** If cursors, triggers, views and subqueries are all omitted from
** the build, then none of the following routines, except for 
** sqlite3SelectDup(), can be called. sqlite3SelectDup() is sometimes
** called with a NULL argument.
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) \
 || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3 *db, SrcList *p, int flags){
  SrcList *pNew;
  int i;
  int nByte;
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  nByte = sizeof(*p) + (p->nSrc>0 ? sizeof(p->a[0]) * (p->nSrc-1) : 0);
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, nByte );
  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;

    pNewItem->zIndex = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zIndex);
    pNewItem->notIndexed = pOldItem->notIndexed;
    pNewItem->pIndex = pOldItem->pIndex;
    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->nRef++;
    }
    pNewItem->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pOldItem->pSelect, flags);
    pNewItem->pOn = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldItem->pOn, flags);
    pNewItem->pUsing = sqlite3IdListDup(db, pOldItem->pUsing);
    pNewItem->colUsed = pOldItem->colUsed;
  }
  return pNew;
}
IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3 *db, IdList *p){
  IdList *pNew;

    struct IdList_item *pNewItem = &pNew->a[i];
    struct IdList_item *pOldItem = &p->a[i];
    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pNewItem->idx = pOldItem->idx;
  }
  return pNew;
}
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int flags){
  Select *pNew;
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*p) );
  if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
  /* Always make a copy of the span for top-level expressions in the
  ** expression list.  The logic in SELECT processing that determines
  ** the names of columns in the result set needs this information */
  pNew->pEList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList, flags|EXPRDUP_SPAN);
  pNew->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(db, p->pSrc, flags);
  pNew->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pWhere, flags);
  pNew->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pGroupBy, flags);
  pNew->pHaving = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pHaving, flags);
  pNew->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pOrderBy, flags);
  pNew->op = p->op;
  pNew->pPrior = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->pPrior, flags);
  pNew->pLimit = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLimit, flags);
  pNew->pOffset = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pOffset, flags);
  pNew->iLimit = 0;
  pNew->iOffset = 0;
  pNew->selFlags = p->selFlags & ~SF_UsesEphemeral;
  pNew->pRightmost = 0;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[2] = -1;
  return pNew;
}
#else
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int flags){
  assert( p==0 );
  return 0;
}
#endif


/*

  ** simple form:
  **
  **     SELECT <column> FROM <table>
  **
  ** If this is the case, it may be possible to use an existing table
  ** or index instead of generating an epheremal table.
  */
  p = (ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ? pX->x.pSelect : 0);
  if( isCandidateForInOpt(p) ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
    Index *pIdx;
    Expr *pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
    int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);

  }

  if( eType==0 ){
    int rMayHaveNull = 0;
    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
    if( prNotFound ){
      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
    }else if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
    }
    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX, rMayHaveNull, eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID);
  }else{
    pX->iTable = iTab;
  }
  return eType;

      ** is used.
      */
      pExpr->iTable = pParse->nTab++;
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pExpr->iTable, !isRowid);
      memset(&keyInfo, 0, sizeof(keyInfo));
      keyInfo.nField = 1;

      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        /* Case 1:     expr IN (SELECT ...)
        **
        ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
        ** table allocated and opened above.
        */
        SelectDest dest;
        ExprList *pEList;

        assert( !isRowid );
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, pExpr->iTable);
        dest.affinity = (u8)affinity;
        assert( (pExpr->iTable&0x0000FFFF)==pExpr->iTable );
        if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pExpr->x.pSelect, &dest) ){
          return;
        }
        pEList = pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList;
        if( pEList && pEList->nExpr>0 ){ 
          keyInfo.aColl[0] = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft,
              pEList->a[0].pExpr);
        }
      }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
        /* Case 2:     expr IN (exprlist)
        **
        ** For each expression, build an index key from the evaluation and
        ** store it in the temporary table. If <expr> is a column, then use
        ** that columns affinity when building index keys. If <expr> is not
        ** a column, use numeric affinity.
        */
        int i;
        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
        int r1, r2, r3;

        if( !affinity ){
          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        keyInfo.aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);

      ** value of this select in a memory cell and record the number
      ** of the memory cell in iColumn.
      */
      static const Token one = { (u8*)"1", 0, 1 };
      Select *pSel;
      SelectDest dest;

      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, ++pParse->nMem);
      if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
        dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, dest.iParm);
        VdbeComment((v, "Init subquery result"));
      }else{
        dest.eDest = SRT_Exists;

      }else{
        inReg = pInfo->aFunc[pExpr->iAgg].iMem;
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_CONST_FUNC:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pList = (
        ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_SpanOnly) ? 0 : pExpr->x.pList
      );
      int nExpr = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;
      FuncDef *pDef;
      int nId;
      const char *zId;
      int constMask = 0;
      int i;
      u8 enc = ENC(db);
      CollSeq *pColl = 0;

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      testcase( op==TK_CONST_FUNC );
      testcase( op==TK_FUNCTION );
      zId = (char*)pExpr->token.z;
      nId = pExpr->token.n;
      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, zId, nId, nExpr, enc, 0);
      assert( pDef!=0 );
      if( pList ){

    **
    ** X is stored in pExpr->pLeft.
    ** Y is stored in pExpr->pList->a[0].pExpr.
    ** Z is stored in pExpr->pList->a[1].pExpr.
    */
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      struct ExprList_item *pLItem = pExpr->x.pList->a;
      Expr *pRight = pLItem->pExpr;

      codeCompareOperands(pParse, pLeft, &r1, &regFree1,
                                  pRight, &r2, &regFree2);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      testcase( regFree2==0 );
      r3 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);

      ExprList *pEList;                 /* List of WHEN terms */
      struct ExprList_item *aListelem;  /* Array of WHEN terms */
      Expr opCompare;                   /* The X==Ei expression */
      Expr cacheX;                      /* Cached expression X */
      Expr *pX;                         /* The X expression */
      Expr *pTest = 0;                  /* X==Ei (form A) or just Ei (form B) */

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) && pExpr->x.pList );
      assert((pExpr->x.pList->nExpr % 2) == 0);
      assert(pExpr->x.pList->nExpr > 0);
      pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
      aListelem = pEList->a;
      nExpr = pEList->nExpr;
      endLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      if( (pX = pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
        cacheX = *pX;
        testcase( pX->op==TK_COLUMN || pX->op==TK_REGISTER );
        cacheX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX, &regFree1);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      if( !pParse->trigStack ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                       "RAISE() may only be used within a trigger-program");
        return 0;
      }
      if( pExpr->affinity!=OE_Ignore ){
         assert( pExpr->affinity==OE_Rollback ||
                 pExpr->affinity == OE_Abort ||
                 pExpr->affinity == OE_Fail );
         sqlite3DequoteExpr(db, pExpr);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, pExpr->affinity, 0,
                        (char*)pExpr->token.z, pExpr->token.n);
      } else {
         assert( pExpr->affinity == OE_Ignore );
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ContextPop, 0, 0);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pParse->trigStack->ignoreJump);
         VdbeComment((v, "raise(IGNORE)"));
      }
      break;
    }
#endif

    case TK_FUNCTION:
    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
    case TK_CONST_FUNC: {
      /* The arguments to a function have a fixed destination.
      ** Mark them this way to avoid generated unneeded OP_SCopy
      ** instructions. 
      */
      ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      if( pList ){
        int i = pList->nExpr;
        struct ExprList_item *pItem = pList->a;
        for(; i>0; i--, pItem++){
          if( pItem->pExpr ) pItem->pExpr->flags |= EP_FixedDest;
        }
      }

      ** elementation of x.
      */
      Expr exprAnd;
      Expr compLeft;
      Expr compRight;
      Expr exprX;

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      exprX = *pExpr->pLeft;
      exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
      exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
      exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
      compLeft.op = TK_GE;
      compLeft.pLeft = &exprX;
      compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      compRight.op = TK_LE;
      compRight.pLeft = &exprX;
      compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
      exprX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      exprX.op = TK_REGISTER;
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }

      ** elementation of x.
      */
      Expr exprAnd;
      Expr compLeft;
      Expr compRight;
      Expr exprX;

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      exprX = *pExpr->pLeft;
      exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
      exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
      exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
      compLeft.op = TK_GE;
      compLeft.pLeft = &exprX;
      compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      compRight.op = TK_LE;
      compRight.pLeft = &exprX;
      compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
      exprX.iTable = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      exprX.op = TK_REGISTER;
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }

** an incorrect TRUE could lead to a malfunction.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB){
  int i;
  if( pA==0||pB==0 ){
    return pB==pA;
  }
  if( ExprHasProperty(pA, EP_xIsSelect) || ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 0;
  if( pA->op!=pB->op ) return 0;
  if( !sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft) ) return 0;
  if( !sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pRight, pB->pRight) ) return 0;

  if( pA->x.pList && pB->x.pList ){
    if( pA->x.pList->nExpr!=pB->x.pList->nExpr ) return 0;
    for(i=0; i<pA->x.pList->nExpr; i++){
      Expr *pExprA = pA->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
      Expr *pExprB = pB->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
      if( !sqlite3ExprCompare(pExprA, pExprB) ) return 0;
    }

  }else if( pA->x.pList || pB->x.pList ){
    return 0;
  }

  if( pA->iTable!=pB->iTable || pA->iColumn!=pB->iColumn ) return 0;
  if( pA->op!=TK_COLUMN && pA->token.z ){
    if( pB->token.z==0 ) return 0;
    if( pB->token.n!=pA->token.n ) return 0;
    if( sqlite3StrNICmp((char*)pA->token.z,(char*)pB->token.z,pB->token.n)!=0 ){
      return 0;
    }

        }
        if( i>=pAggInfo->nFunc ){
          /* pExpr is original.  Make a new entry in pAggInfo->aFunc[]
          */
          u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);
          i = addAggInfoFunc(pParse->db, pAggInfo);
          if( i>=0 ){
            assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
            pItem = &pAggInfo->aFunc[i];
            pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
            pItem->iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
            pItem->pFunc = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db,
                   (char*)pExpr->token.z, pExpr->token.n,
                   pExpr->x.pList ? pExpr->x.pList->nExpr : 0, enc, 0);
            if( pExpr->flags & EP_Distinct ){
              pItem->iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
            }else{
              pItem->iDistinct = -1;
            }
          }
        }

** This file contains the C functions that implement various SQL
** functions of SQLite.  
**
** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
** sqliteRegisterBuildinFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
** All other code has file scope.
**
** $Id: func.c,v 1.223 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/*

** it is appropriate to apply the LIKE optimization to that function
** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and
** return TRUE.  If the function is not a LIKE-style function then
** return FALSE.
*/
int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocase, char *aWc){
  FuncDef *pDef;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION 
   || !pExpr->x.pList 

   || pExpr->x.pList->nExpr!=2
  ){
    return 0;
  }
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, (char*)pExpr->token.z, pExpr->token.n, 2,
                             SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
  if( pDef==0 || (pDef->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }

  /* The memcpy() statement assumes that the wildcard characters are

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.257 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Set P4 of the most recently inserted opcode to a column affinity
** string for index pIdx. A column affinity string has one character
** for each column in the table, according to the affinity of the column:

  int iDb,            /* Index of the database holding pTab */
  Table *pTab         /* The table we are writing to */
){
  int memId = 0;      /* Register holding maximum rowid */
  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){
    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
    Db *pDb = &pParse->db->aDb[iDb];
    int iCur = pParse->nTab++;
    int addr;               /* Address of the top of the loop */
    assert( v );
    pParse->nMem++;         /* Holds name of table */
    memId = ++pParse->nMem;
    pParse->nMem++;
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

static void autoIncEnd(
  Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
  int iDb,           /* Index of the database holding pTab */
  Table *pTab,       /* Table we are inserting into */
  int memId          /* Memory cell holding the maximum rowid */
){
  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){
    int iCur = pParse->nTab++;
    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
    Db *pDb = &pParse->db->aDb[iDb];
    int j1;
    int iRec = ++pParse->nMem;    /* Memory cell used for record */

    assert( v );
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iCur, iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenWrite);

** to obtain the memory it needs while adding lots of additional debugging
** information to each allocation in order to help detect and fix memory
** leaks and memory usage errors.
**
** This file contains implementations of the low-level memory allocation
** routines specified in the sqlite3_mem_methods object.
**
** $Id: mem2.c,v 1.44 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This version of the memory allocator is used only if the
** SQLITE_MEMDEBUG macro is defined
*/

    pHdr->iForeGuard = FOREGUARD;
    pHdr->nBacktraceSlots = mem.nBacktrace;
    pHdr->nTitle = mem.nTitle;
    if( mem.nBacktrace ){
      void *aAddr[40];
      pHdr->nBacktrace = backtrace(aAddr, mem.nBacktrace+1)-1;
      memcpy(pBt, &aAddr[1], pHdr->nBacktrace*sizeof(void*));
      assert(pBt[0]);
      if( mem.xBacktrace ){
        mem.xBacktrace(nByte, pHdr->nBacktrace-1, &aAddr[1]);
      }
    }else{
      pHdr->nBacktrace = 0;
    }
    if( mem.nTitle ){

**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
**
** @(#) $Id: parse.y,v 1.269 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/

// All token codes are small integers with #defines that begin with "TK_"
%token_prefix TK_

// The type of the data attached to each token is Token.  This is also the
// default type for non-terminals.

between_op(A) ::= BETWEEN.     {A = 0;}
between_op(A) ::= NOT BETWEEN. {A = 1;}
expr(A) ::= expr(W) between_op(N) expr(X) AND expr(Y). [BETWEEN] {
  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, X, 0);
  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, Y, 0);
  A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, W, 0, 0);
  if( A ){
    A->x.pList = pList;
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
  } 
  if( N ) A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&W->span,&Y->span);
}
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  %type in_op {int}
  in_op(A) ::= IN.      {A = 0;}
  in_op(A) ::= NOT IN.  {A = 1;}
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP exprlist(Y) RP(E). [IN] {
    A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
    if( A ){
      A->x.pList = Y;
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A);
    }else{
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    if( N ) A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
    sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
  }
  expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
    A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
    if( A ){
      A->x.pSelect = X;
      ExprSetProperty(A, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
    }
    sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&B,&E);
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
    A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
    if( A ){
      A->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(A, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    if( N ) A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
    sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). [IN] {
    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&Y,&Z);
    A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
    if( A ){
      A->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
      ExprSetProperty(A, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A);
    }else{
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, pSrc);
    }
    if( N ) A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
    sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,Z.z?&Z:&Y);
  }
  expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
    Expr *p = A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
    if( p ){
      p->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(A, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSpan(p,&B,&E);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
  }
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY

/* CASE expressions */
expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
  A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, Z, 0);
  if( A ){
    A->x.pList = Y;
    sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
  }
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &C, &E);
}
%type case_exprlist {ExprList*}

// SELECT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= select(X).  {A = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, X); }

// The special RAISE expression that may occur in trigger programs
expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP IGNORE RP(Y).  {
  A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, 0); 
  if( A ){
    A->affinity = OE_Ignore;
    sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
  }
}
expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP raisetype(T) COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
  A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &Z); 
  if( A ) {
    A->affinity = T;
    sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
  }
}
%endif  !SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER

%type raisetype {int}
raisetype(A) ::= ROLLBACK.  {A = OE_Rollback;}

/*
** 2003 April 6
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used to implement the PRAGMA command.
**
** $Id: pragma.c,v 1.203 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/* Ignore this whole file if pragmas are disabled
*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER)

      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 1, COLNAME_NAME, "name", SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 2, COLNAME_NAME, "type", SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 3, COLNAME_NAME, "notnull", SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 4, COLNAME_NAME, "dflt_value", SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 5, COLNAME_NAME, "pk", SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab);
      for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){

        if( IsHiddenColumn(pCol) ){
          nHidden++;
          continue;
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, i-nHidden, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, pCol->zName, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
           pCol->zType ? pCol->zType : "", 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, (pCol->notNull ? 1 : 0), 4);
        if( pCol->pDflt ){
          const Token *p = &pCol->pDflt->span;
          assert( p->z );
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 5, 0, (char*)p->z, p->n);
        }else{
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, 5);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pCol->isPrimKey, 6);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 6);
      }
    }

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains the implementation of the sqlite3_prepare()
** interface, and routines that contribute to loading the database schema
** from disk.
**
** $Id: prepare.c,v 1.106 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Fill the InitData structure with an error message that indicates
** that the database is corrupt.
*/

  }
#endif

  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ){
    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE;
  }

  assert( db->init.busy==0 || saveSqlFlag==0 );
  if( db->init.busy==0 ){
    Vdbe *pVdbe = sParse.pVdbe;
    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), saveSqlFlag);
  }
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3_finalize((sqlite3_stmt*)sParse.pVdbe);
    assert(!(*ppStmt));
  }else{
    *ppStmt = (sqlite3_stmt*)sParse.pVdbe;
  }

**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains routines used for walking the parser tree and
** resolve all identifiers by associating them with a particular
** table and column.
**
** $Id: resolve.c,v 1.16 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
** Turn the pExpr expression into an alias for the iCol-th column of the

  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */

  assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pEList->nExpr );
  pOrig = pEList->a[iCol].pExpr;
  assert( pOrig!=0 );
  assert( pOrig->flags & EP_Resolved );
  db = pParse->db;
  pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
  if( pDup==0 ) return;
  if( pDup->op!=TK_COLUMN && zType[0]!='G' ){
    pDup = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AS, pDup, 0, 0);
    if( pDup==0 ) return;
    if( pEList->a[iCol].iAlias==0 ){
      pEList->a[iCol].iAlias = (u16)(++pParse->nAlias);
    }

    */
    if( cnt==0 && (pEList = pNC->pEList)!=0 && zTab==0 ){
      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
        char *zAs = pEList->a[j].zName;
        if( zAs!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zAs, zCol)==0 ){
          Expr *pOrig;
          assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
          assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 );
          assert( pExpr->x.pSelect==0 );
          pOrig = pEList->a[j].pExpr;
          if( !pNC->allowAgg && ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_Agg) ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aliased aggregate %s", zAs);
            sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
            return 2;
          }
          resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, j, pExpr, "");

      return WRC_Prune;
    }

    /* Resolve function names
    */
    case TK_CONST_FUNC:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;    /* The argument list */
      int n = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;    /* Number of arguments */
      int no_such_func = 0;       /* True if no such function exists */
      int wrong_num_args = 0;     /* True if wrong number of arguments */
      int is_agg = 0;             /* True if is an aggregate function */
      int auth;                   /* Authorization to use the function */
      int nId;                    /* Number of characters in function name */
      const char *zId;            /* The function name. */
      FuncDef *pDef;              /* Information about the function */
      u8 enc = ENC(pParse->db);   /* The database encoding */

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      zId = (char*)pExpr->token.z;
      nId = pExpr->token.n;
      pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, nId, n, enc, 0);
      if( pDef==0 ){
        pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(pParse->db, zId, nId, -1, enc, 0);
        if( pDef==0 ){
          no_such_func = 1;

      return WRC_Prune;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_SELECT:
    case TK_EXISTS:
#endif
    case TK_IN: {
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        int nRef = pNC->nRef;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
        if( pNC->isCheck ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"subqueries prohibited in CHECK constraints");
        }
#endif
        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect);
        assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
        if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect);
        }
      }
      break;
    }

        if( iCol<0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
          resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, "ORDER", i+1, pEList->nExpr);
          return 1;
        }
      }else{
        iCol = resolveAsName(pParse, pEList, pE);
        if( iCol==0 ){
          pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pE, 0);
          if( !db->mallocFailed ){
            assert(pDup);
            iCol = resolveOrderByTermToExprList(pParse, pSelect, pDup);
          }
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
        }
        if( iCol<0 ){

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.500 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
** the select structure itself.

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_SELECT: {
      /* The expression is a sub-select. Return the declaration type and
      ** origin info for the single column in the result set of the SELECT
      ** statement.
      */
      NameContext sNC;
      Select *pS = pExpr->x.pSelect;
      Expr *p = pS->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
      sNC.pNext = pNC;
      sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOriginDb, &zOriginTab, &zOriginCol); 
      break;
    }
#endif

  }else{
    pKeyMerge = 0;
  }

  /* Reattach the ORDER BY clause to the query.
  */
  p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
  pPrior->pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(pParse->db, pOrderBy, 0);

  /* Allocate a range of temporary registers and the KeyInfo needed
  ** for the logic that removes duplicate result rows when the
  ** operator is UNION, EXCEPT, or INTERSECT (but not UNION ALL).
  */
  if( op==TK_ALL ){
    regPrev = 0;

  if( pExpr==0 ) return;
  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==iTable ){
    if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ){
      pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
    }else{
      Expr *pNew;
      assert( pEList!=0 && pExpr->iColumn<pEList->nExpr );
      assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
      pNew = pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr;
      assert( pNew!=0 );
      pExpr->op = pNew->op;
      assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 );
      pExpr->pLeft = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pNew->pLeft, 0);
      assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
      pExpr->pRight = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pNew->pRight, 0);


      pExpr->iTable = pNew->iTable;
      pExpr->pTab = pNew->pTab;
      pExpr->iColumn = pNew->iColumn;
      pExpr->iAgg = pNew->iAgg;
      sqlite3TokenCopy(db, &pExpr->token, &pNew->token);
      sqlite3TokenCopy(db, &pExpr->span, &pNew->span);
      assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 && pExpr->x.pSelect==0 );
      if( ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        pExpr->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pNew->x.pSelect, 0);
      }else{
        pExpr->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pNew->x.pList, 0);
      }
      pExpr->flags = pNew->flags;
      pExpr->pAggInfo = pNew->pAggInfo;
      pNew->pAggInfo = 0;
    }
  }else{
    substExpr(db, pExpr->pLeft, iTable, pEList);
    substExpr(db, pExpr->pRight, iTable, pEList);
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      substSelect(db, pExpr->x.pSelect, iTable, pEList);
    }else{
      substExprList(db, pExpr->x.pList, iTable, pEList);
    }
  }
}
static void substExprList(
  sqlite3 *db,         /* Report malloc errors here */
  ExprList *pList,     /* List to scan and in which to make substitutes */
  int iTable,          /* Table to be substituted */
  ExprList *pEList     /* Substitute values */

    ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
    Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
    Select *pPrior = p->pPrior;
    p->pOrderBy = 0;
    p->pSrc = 0;
    p->pPrior = 0;
    p->pLimit = 0;
    pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p, 0);
    p->pLimit = pLimit;
    p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
    p->pSrc = pSrc;
    p->op = TK_ALL;
    p->pRightmost = 0;
    if( pNew==0 ){
      pNew = pPrior;

      assert( pParent->pOrderBy==0 );
      pParent->pOrderBy = pSub->pOrderBy;
      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
    }else if( pParent->pOrderBy ){
      substExprList(db, pParent->pOrderBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
    }
    if( pSub->pWhere ){
      pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pWhere, 0);
    }else{
      pWhere = 0;
    }
    if( subqueryIsAgg ){
      assert( pParent->pHaving==0 );
      pParent->pHaving = pParent->pWhere;
      pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
      substExpr(db, pParent->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
      pParent->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pParent->pHaving, 
                                  sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pHaving, 0));
      assert( pParent->pGroupBy==0 );
      pParent->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pSub->pGroupBy, 0);
    }else{
      substExpr(db, pParent->pWhere, iParent, pSub->pEList);
      pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pParent->pWhere, pWhere);
    }
  
    /* The flattened query is distinct if either the inner or the
    ** outer query is distinct. 

*/
static u8 minMaxQuery(Select *p){
  Expr *pExpr;
  ExprList *pEList = p->pEList;

  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
  pExpr = pEList->a[0].pExpr;
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ) return 0;
  pEList = pExpr->x.pList;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION || pEList==0 || pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;
  if( pEList->a[0].pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN ) return WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
  if( pExpr->token.n!=3 ) return WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
  if( sqlite3StrNICmp((char*)pExpr->token.z,"min",3)==0 ){
    return WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
  }else if( sqlite3StrNICmp((char*)pExpr->token.z,"max",3)==0 ){
    return WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;

        /* If pFrom->pSelect!=0 it means we are dealing with a
        ** view within a view.  The SELECT structure has already been
        ** copied by the outer view so we can skip the copy step here
        ** in the inner view.
        */
        if( pFrom->pSelect==0 ){
          pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTab->pSelect, 0);
          sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pFrom->pSelect);
        }
      }
#endif
    }

    /* Locate the index named by the INDEXED BY clause, if any. */

  for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nColumn; i++){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pAggInfo->aCol[i].iMem);
  }
  for(pFunc=pAggInfo->aFunc, i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pFunc++){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, pFunc->iMem);
    if( pFunc->iDistinct>=0 ){
      Expr *pE = pFunc->pExpr;
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_xIsSelect) );
      if( pE->x.pList==0 || pE->x.pList->nExpr!=1 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "DISTINCT aggregates must have exactly one "
           "argument");
        pFunc->iDistinct = -1;
      }else{
        KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pE->x.pList);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, pFunc->iDistinct, 0, 0,
                          (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Invoke the OP_AggFinalize opcode for every aggregate function
** in the AggInfo structure.
*/
static void finalizeAggFunctions(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_AggFinal, pF->iMem, pList ? pList->nExpr : 0, 0,
                      (void*)pF->pFunc, P4_FUNCDEF);
  }
}

/*
** Update the accumulator memory cells for an aggregate based on
** the current cursor position.
*/
static void updateAccumulator(Parse *pParse, AggInfo *pAggInfo){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int i;
  struct AggInfo_func *pF;
  struct AggInfo_col *pC;

  pAggInfo->directMode = 1;
  for(i=0, pF=pAggInfo->aFunc; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pF++){
    int nArg;
    int addrNext = 0;
    int regAgg;
    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
    if( pList ){
      nArg = pList->nExpr;
      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
      sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regAgg, 0);
    }else{
      nArg = 0;
      regAgg = 0;

  }
#endif

  /* If possible, rewrite the query to use GROUP BY instead of DISTINCT.
  ** GROUP BY might use an index, DISTINCT never does.
  */
  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct && !p->pGroupBy ){
    p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList, 0);
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
    isDistinct = 0;
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then this sorting
  ** index might end up being unused if the data can be 

    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pOrderBy);
    if( pHaving ){
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
    }
    sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
    for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr->x.pList);
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;

    /* Processing for aggregates with GROUP BY is very different and
    ** much more complex than aggregates without a GROUP BY.
    */
    if( pGroupBy ){

      **   + The optimizer code in where.c (the thing that decides which
      **     index or indices to use) should place a different priority on 
      **     satisfying the 'ORDER BY' clause than it does in other cases.
      **     Refer to code and comments in where.c for details.
      */
      flag = minMaxQuery(p);
      if( flag ){
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(p->pEList->a[0].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
        pMinMax = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList->a[0].pExpr->x.pList,0);
        pDel = pMinMax;
        if( pMinMax && !db->mallocFailed ){
          pMinMax->a[0].sortOrder = flag!=WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN ?1:0;
          pMinMax->a[0].pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
        }
      }

      /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The

/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.834 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
#define _SQLITEINT_H_

/*
** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
** autoconf-based build

  int nFuncAlloc;         /* Number of slots allocated for aFunc[] */
};

/*
** Each node of an expression in the parse tree is an instance
** of this structure.
**
** Expr.op is the opcode. The integer parser token codes are reused
** as opcodes here. For example, the parser defines TK_GE to be an integer
** code representing the ">=" operator. This same integer code is reused
** to represent the greater-than-or-equal-to operator in the expression
** tree.
**
** If the expression is an SQL literal (TK_INTEGER, TK_FLOAT, TK_BLOB, 
** or TK_STRING), then Expr.token contains the text of the SQL literal. If
** the expression is a variable (TK_VARIABLE), then Expr.token contains the 
** variable name. Finally, if the expression is an SQL function (TK_FUNCTION),
** then Expr.token contains the name of the function.
**
** Expr.pRight and Expr.pLeft are the left and right subexpressions of a
** binary operator. Either or both may be NULL.
**
** Expr.x.pList is a list of arguments if the expression is an SQL function,
** a CASE expression or an IN expression of the form "<lhs> IN (<y>, <z>...)".

** Expr.x.pSelect is used if the expression is a sub-select or an expression of
** the form "<lhs> IN (SELECT ...)". If the EP_xIsSelect bit is set in the
** Expr.flags mask, then Expr.x.pSelect is valid. Otherwise, Expr.x.pList is 
** valid.
**
** An expression of the form ID or ID.ID refers to a column in a table.
** For such expressions, Expr.op is set to TK_COLUMN and Expr.iTable is
** the integer cursor number of a VDBE cursor pointing to that table and
** Expr.iColumn is the column number for the specific column.  If the
** expression is used as a result in an aggregate SELECT, then the
** value is also stored in the Expr.iAgg column in the aggregate so that
** it can be accessed after all aggregates are computed.
**

** If the expression is an unbound variable marker (a question mark 
** character '?' in the original SQL) then the Expr.iTable holds the index 
** number for that variable.
**
** If the expression is a subquery then Expr.iColumn holds an integer
** register number containing the result of the subquery.  If the
** subquery gives a constant result, then iTable is -1.  If the subquery
** gives a different answer at different times during statement processing
** then iTable is the address of a subroutine that computes the subquery.
**





** If the Expr is of type OP_Column, and the table it is selecting from
** is a disk table or the "old.*" pseudo-table, then pTab points to the
** corresponding table definition.
**
** ALLOCATION NOTES:
**
** Expr structures may be stored as part of the in-memory database schema,
** for example as part of trigger, view or table definitions. In this case,
** the amount of memory consumed by complex expressions may be significant.
** For this reason, less than sizeof(Expr) bytes may be allocated for some 
** Expr structs stored as part of the in-memory database schema.
**
** If the EP_Reduced flag is set in Expr.flags, then only EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE
** bytes of space are allocated for the expression structure. This is enough
** space to store all fields up to and including the "Token span;" field.
**
** If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in Expr.flags, then only EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE
** bytes of space are allocated for the expression structure. This is enough
** space to store all fields up to and including the "Token token;" field.
*/
struct Expr {
  u8 op;                 /* Operation performed by this node */
  char affinity;         /* The affinity of the column or 0 if not a column */
  u16 flags;             /* Various flags.  See below */
  Token token;           /* An operand token */

  /* If the EP_TokenOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction. 
  *********************************************************************/

  Token span;            /* Complete text of the expression */

  /* If the EP_SpanOnly flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction. 
  *********************************************************************/

  Expr *pLeft;           /* Left subnode */
  Expr *pRight;          /* Right subnode */
  union {
    ExprList *pList;     /* Function arguments or in "<expr> IN (<expr-list)" */
    Select *pSelect;     /* Used for sub-selects and "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
  } x;
  CollSeq *pColl;        /* The collation type of the column or 0 */

  /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
  *********************************************************************/

  int iTable, iColumn;   /* When op==TK_COLUMN, then this expr node means the
                         ** iColumn-th field of the iTable-th table. */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
  int iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
  int iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */


  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
  int nHeight;           /* Height of the tree headed by this node */
#endif
};

/*

#define EP_VarSelect  0x0020  /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
#define EP_Dequoted   0x0040  /* True if the string has been dequoted */
#define EP_InfixFunc  0x0080  /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
#define EP_ExpCollate 0x0100  /* Collating sequence specified explicitly */
#define EP_AnyAff     0x0200  /* Can take a cached column of any affinity */
#define EP_FixedDest  0x0400  /* Result needed in a specific register */
#define EP_IntValue   0x0800  /* Integer value contained in iTable */
#define EP_xIsSelect  0x1000  /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */

#define EP_Reduced    0x2000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_TokenOnly  0x4000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_SpanOnly   0x8000  /* Expr struct is EXPR_SPANONLYSIZE bytes only */

/*
** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the 
** Expr.flags field.
*/
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
#define ExprHasAnyProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprSetProperty(E,P)     (E)->flags|=(P)
#define ExprClearProperty(E,P)   (E)->flags&=~(P)

/*
** Macros to determine the number of bytes required by a normal Expr 
** struct, an Expr struct with the EP_Reduced flag set in Expr.flags 
** and an Expr struct with the EP_TokenOnly flag set.
*/
#define EXPR_FULLSIZE           sizeof(Expr)
#define EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE        ((int)(&((Expr*)(0))->iTable))
#define EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE      ((int)(&((Expr*)(0))->span))
#define EXPR_SPANONLYSIZE       ((int)(&((Expr*)(0))->pLeft))

/*
** Flags passed to the sqlite3ExprDup() function. See the header comment 
** above sqlite3ExprDup() for details.
*/
#define EXPRDUP_REDUCE 0x0001
#define EXPRDUP_SPAN   0x0002

/*
** A list of expressions.  Each expression may optionally have a
** name.  An expr/name combination can be used in several ways, such
** as the list of "expr AS ID" fields following a "SELECT" or in the
** list of "ID = expr" items in an UPDATE.  A list of expressions can
** also be used as the argument to a function, in which case the a.zName
** field is not used.

void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
void sqlite3TokenCopy(sqlite3*,Token*, Token*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
void sqlite3FuncDefInsert(FuncDefHash*, FuncDef*);
FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,int);
void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
void sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions(void);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int sqlite3SafetyOn(sqlite3*);

/*
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
**
** $Id: trigger.c,v 1.134 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
/*
** Delete a linked list of TriggerStep structures.
*/

  pTrigger->name = zName;
  zName = 0;
  pTrigger->table = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTableName->a[0].zName);
  pTrigger->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
  pTrigger->pTabSchema = pTab->pSchema;
  pTrigger->op = (u8)op;
  pTrigger->tr_tm = tr_tm==TK_BEFORE ? TRIGGER_BEFORE : TRIGGER_AFTER;
  pTrigger->pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhen, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  pTrigger->pColumns = sqlite3IdListDup(db, pColumns);
  sqlite3TokenCopy(db, &pTrigger->nameToken,pName);
  assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==0 );
  pParse->pNewTrigger = pTrigger;

trigger_cleanup:
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);

*/
static void sqlitePersistTriggerStep(sqlite3 *db, TriggerStep *p){
  if( p->target.z ){
    p->target.z = (u8*)sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)p->target.z, p->target.n);
    p->target.dyn = 1;
  }
  if( p->pSelect ){
    Select *pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p->pSelect, 1);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->pSelect);
    p->pSelect = pNew;
  }
  if( p->pWhere ){
    Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pWhere);
    p->pWhere = pNew;
  }
  if( p->pExprList ){
    ExprList *pNew = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pExprList, 1);
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pExprList);
    p->pExprList = pNew;
  }
  if( p->pIdList ){
    IdList *pNew = sqlite3IdListDup(db, p->pIdList);
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, p->pIdList);
    p->pIdList = pNew;

    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
    base = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v,  ArraySize(dropTrigger), dropTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+1, pTrigger->name, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+4, "trigger", P4_STATIC);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->name, 0);
    if( pParse->nMem<3 ){
      pParse->nMem = 3;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Remove a trigger from the hash tables of the sqlite* pointer.
*/
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zName){

  VdbeComment((v, "begin trigger %s", pStepList->pTrig->name));
  while( pTriggerStep ){
    sqlite3ExprClearColumnCache(pParse, -1);
    orconf = (orconfin == OE_Default)?pTriggerStep->orconf:orconfin;
    pParse->trigStack->orconf = orconf;
    switch( pTriggerStep->op ){
      case TK_SELECT: {
        Select *ss = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTriggerStep->pSelect, 0);
        if( ss ){
          SelectDest dest;

          sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Discard, 0);
          sqlite3Select(pParse, ss, &dest);
          sqlite3SelectDelete(db, ss);
        }
        break;
      }
      case TK_UPDATE: {
        SrcList *pSrc;
        pSrc = targetSrcList(pParse, pTriggerStep);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 0, 0);
        sqlite3Update(pParse, pSrc,
                sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTriggerStep->pExprList, 0), 
                sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTriggerStep->pWhere, 0), orconf);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 1, 0);
        break;
      }
      case TK_INSERT: {
        SrcList *pSrc;
        pSrc = targetSrcList(pParse, pTriggerStep);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 0, 0);
        sqlite3Insert(pParse, pSrc,
          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTriggerStep->pExprList, 0), 
          sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTriggerStep->pSelect, 0), 
          sqlite3IdListDup(db, pTriggerStep->pIdList), orconf);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 1, 0);
        break;
      }
      case TK_DELETE: {
        SrcList *pSrc;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 0, 0);
        pSrc = targetSrcList(pParse, pTriggerStep);
        sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, pSrc, 
                          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTriggerStep->pWhere, 0));
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 1, 0);
        break;
      }
      default:
        assert(0);
    } 
    pTriggerStep = pTriggerStep->pNext;

      trigStackEntry.pNext = pParse->trigStack;
      trigStackEntry.ignoreJump = ignoreJump;
      pParse->trigStack = &trigStackEntry;
      sqlite3AuthContextPush(pParse, &sContext, p->name);

      /* code the WHEN clause */
      endTrigger = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse->pVdbe);
      whenExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pWhen, 0);
      if( db->mallocFailed || sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, whenExpr) ){
        pParse->trigStack = trigStackEntry.pNext;
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, whenExpr);
        return 1;
      }
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, whenExpr, endTrigger, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, whenExpr);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.192 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/* Forward declaration */
static void updateVirtualTable(
  Parse *pParse,       /* The parsing context */

  /* Construct the SELECT statement that will find the new values for
  ** all updated rows. 
  */
  pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 
                                 sqlite3CreateIdExpr(pParse, "_rowid_"), 0);
  if( pRowid ){
    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pEList,
                                   sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRowid, 0), 0);
  }
  assert( pTab->iPKey<0 );
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
      pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, 0);
    }else{
      pExpr = sqlite3CreateIdExpr(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].zName);
    }
    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pEList, pExpr, 0);
  }
  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  

**
** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.818 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
** moves, either by the OP_SeekXX, OP_Next, or OP_Prev opcodes.  The test

** P1..P1+P3-1 and P2..P2+P3-1 to overlap.
*/
case OP_Move: {
  char *zMalloc;
  int n = pOp->p3;
  int p1 = pOp->p1;
  int p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( n>0 && p1>0 && p2>0 );
  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );

  pIn1 = &p->aMem[p1];


  pOut = &p->aMem[p2];

  while( n-- ){
    assert( pOut<=&p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    assert( pIn1<=&p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    zMalloc = pOut->zMalloc;
    pOut->zMalloc = 0;
    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
    pIn1->zMalloc = zMalloc;
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
    pIn1++;
    pOut++;

** row.
*/
case OP_ResultRow: {
  Mem *pMem;
  int i;
  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p2 );
  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
  assert( pOp->p1+pOp->p2<=p->nMem+1 );

  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;

  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
  ** as side effect.
  */
  pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
    storeTypeInfo(&pMem[i], encoding);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
  }
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;

  /* Return SQLITE_ROW
  */

  p->pc = pc + 1;
  rc = SQLITE_ROW;
  goto vdbe_return;
}

/* Opcode: Concat P1 P2 P3 * *
**

  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;
  int n = pOp->p5;

  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );

  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=p->nMem+1) );
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
  pArg = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
    apVal[i] = pArg;
    storeTypeInfo(pArg, encoding);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pArg);
  }

case OP_Compare: {
  int n = pOp->p3;
  int i, p1, p2;
  const KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
  assert( n>0 );
  assert( pKeyInfo!=0 );
  p1 = pOp->p1;
  assert( p1>0 && p1+n<=p->nMem+1 );
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( p2>0 && p2+n<=p->nMem+1 );
  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    int idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : i;
    CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
    int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
    REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &p->aMem[p1+idx]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &p->aMem[p2+idx]);
    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );

  int nField;            /* Number of fields in the record */
  char *zAffinity;       /* The affinity string for the record */
  int file_format;       /* File format to use for encoding */
  int i;                 /* Space used in zNewRecord[] */

  nField = pOp->p1;
  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( nField>0 && pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+nField<=p->nMem+1 );
  pData0 = &p->aMem[nField];
  nField = pOp->p2;
  pLast = &pData0[nField-1];
  file_format = p->minWriteFileFormat;

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.

** index opened by cursor P1.
*/
case OP_IdxDelete: {
  int i = pOp->p1;
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 );
  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+pOp->p3<=p->nMem+1 );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[i]!=0 );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
    int res;
    UnpackedRecord r;
    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
/* Opcode: Trace * * * P4 *
**
** If tracing is enabled (by the sqlite3_trace()) interface, then
** the UTF-8 string contained in P4 is emitted on the trace callback.
*/
case OP_Trace: {
  char *zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql);
  if( zTrace ){
    if( db->xTrace ){
      db->xTrace(db->pTraceArg, zTrace);
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_SqlTrace)!=0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf("SQL-trace: %s\n", zTrace);
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
  }
  break;
}
#endif

*************************************************************************
** Header file for the Virtual DataBase Engine (VDBE)
**
** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
**
** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.140 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#include <stdio.h>

/*
** A single VDBE is an opaque structure named "Vdbe".  Only routines

#endif
void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe*,int);
int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseMemory(int);
#endif
UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,
                                        UnpackedRecord*,int);

*************************************************************************
** This is the header file for information that is private to the
** VDBE.  This information used to all be at the top of the single
** source code file "vdbe.c".  When that file became too big (over
** 6000 lines long) it was split up into several smaller files and
** this header information was factored out.
**
** $Id: vdbeInt.h,v 1.163 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#ifndef _VDBEINT_H_
#define _VDBEINT_H_

/*
** intToKey() and keyToInt() used to transform the rowid.  But with
** the latest versions of the design they are no-ops.

  int nVar;           /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
  Mem *aVar;          /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
  char **azVar;       /* Name of variables */
  int okVar;          /* True if azVar[] has been initialized */
  u32 magic;              /* Magic number for sanity checking */
  int nMem;               /* Number of memory locations currently allocated */
  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */

  int cacheCtr;           /* VdbeCursor row cache generation counter */
  int contextStackTop;    /* Index of top element in the context stack */
  int contextStackDepth;  /* The size of the "context" stack */
  Context *contextStack;  /* Stack used by opcodes ContextPush & ContextPop*/
  int pc;                 /* The program counter */
  int rc;                 /* Value to return */

  int errorAction;        /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */

  int nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
  char **azResColumn;     /* Values for one row of result */ 
  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
  Mem *pResultSet;        /* Pointer to an array of results */
  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
  u8 inVtabMethod;        /* See comments above */
  u8 usesStmtJournal;     /* True if uses a statement journal */
  u8 readOnly;            /* True for read-only statements */
  u8 isPrepareV2;         /* True if prepared with prepare_v2() */
  int nChange;            /* Number of db changes made since last reset */
  i64 startTime;          /* Time when query started - used for profiling */
  int btreeMask;          /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
  BtreeMutexArray aMutex; /* An array of Btree used here and needing locks */
  int aCounter[2];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */

  char *zSql;           /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  FILE *trace;          /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
#endif
  int openedStatement;  /* True if this VM has opened a statement journal */
#ifdef SQLITE_SSE
  int fetchId;          /* Statement number used by sqlite3_fetch_statement */

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains code use to implement APIs that are part of the
** VDBE.
**
** $Id: vdbeapi.c,v 1.152 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "vdbeInt.h"

#if 0 && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT)
/*
** The following structure contains pointers to the end points of a

  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ){
    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE;
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  /* Invoke the profile callback if there is one
  */
  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW && db->xProfile && !db->init.busy && p->zSql ){

    double rNow;
    u64 elapseTime;

    sqlite3OsCurrentTime(db->pVfs, &rNow);
    elapseTime = (u64)((rNow - (int)rNow)*3600.0*24.0*1000000000.0);
    elapseTime -= p->startTime;
    db->xProfile(db->pProfileArg, p->zSql, elapseTime);
  }
#endif

  db->errCode = rc;
  /*sqlite3Error(p->db, rc, 0);*/
  p->rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, p->rc);
end_of_step:
  assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
  if( p->isPrepareV2 && (rc&0xff)<SQLITE_ROW ){
    /* This behavior occurs if sqlite3_prepare_v2() was used to build
    ** the prepared statement.  Return error codes directly */
    p->db->errCode = p->rc;
    /* sqlite3Error(p->db, p->rc, 0); */
    return p->rc;
  }else{
    /* This is for legacy sqlite3_prepare() builds and when the code

    sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
    while( (rc = sqlite3Step(v))==SQLITE_SCHEMA
           && cnt++ < 5
           && vdbeReprepare(v) ){
      sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
      v->expired = 0;
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA && v->isPrepareV2 && db->pErr ){
      /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
      ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
      ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
      ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
      ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
      ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
      ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().

**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used for creating, destroying, and populating
** a VDBE (or an "sqlite3_stmt" as it is known to the outside world.)  Prior
** to version 2.8.7, all this code was combined into the vdbe.c source file.
** But that file was getting too big so this subroutines were split out.
**
** $Id: vdbeaux.c,v 1.436 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "vdbeInt.h"



/*

  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_INIT;
  return p;
}

/*
** Remember the SQL string for a prepared statement.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, int isPrepareV2){
  if( p==0 ) return;
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  if( !isPrepareV2 ) return;
#endif
  assert( p->zSql==0 );
  p->zSql = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, z, n);
  p->isPrepareV2 = isPrepareV2;
}

/*
** Return the SQL associated with a prepared statement
*/
const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  return (p->isPrepareV2 ? p->zSql : 0);
}

/*
** Swap all content between two VDBE structures.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe *pA, Vdbe *pB){
  Vdbe tmp, *pTmp;
  char *zTmp;

  tmp = *pA;
  *pA = *pB;
  *pB = tmp;
  pTmp = pA->pNext;
  pA->pNext = pB->pNext;
  pB->pNext = pTmp;
  pTmp = pA->pPrev;
  pA->pPrev = pB->pPrev;
  pB->pPrev = pTmp;
  zTmp = pA->zSql;
  pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
  pB->zSql = zTmp;
  pB->isPrepareV2 = pA->isPrepareV2;


}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Turn tracing on or off
*/
void sqlite3VdbeTrace(Vdbe *p, FILE *trace){

** Prepare a virtual machine for execution.  This involves things such
** as allocating stack space and initializing the program counter.
** After the VDBE has be prepped, it can be executed by one or more
** calls to sqlite3VdbeExec().  
**
** This is the only way to move a VDBE from VDBE_MAGIC_INIT to
** VDBE_MAGIC_RUN.
**
** This function may be called more than once on a single virtual machine.
** The first call is made while compiling the SQL statement. Subsequent
** calls are made as part of the process of resetting a statement to be
** re-executed (from a call to sqlite3_reset()). The nVar, nMem, nCursor 
** and isExplain parameters are only passed correct values the first time
** the function is called. On subsequent calls, from sqlite3_reset(), nVar
** is passed -1 and nMem, nCursor and isExplain are all passed zero.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
  Vdbe *p,                       /* The VDBE */
  int nVar,                      /* Number of '?' see in the SQL statement */
  int nMem,                      /* Number of memory cells to allocate */
  int nCursor,                   /* Number of cursors to allocate */
  int isExplain                  /* True if the EXPLAIN keywords is present */

  ** cursor 0 is stored in memory cell nMem. Memory cell (nMem-1)
  ** stores the blob of memory associated with cursor 1, etc.
  **
  ** See also: allocateCursor().
  */
  nMem += nCursor;


  /* Allocate space for memory registers, SQL variables, VDBE cursors and 
  ** an array to marshal SQL function arguments in. This is only done the
  ** first time this function is called for a given VDBE, not when it is
  ** being called from sqlite3_reset() to reset the virtual machine.
  */
  if( nVar>=0 ){
    int nByte;
    int nArg;       /* Maximum number of args passed to a user function. */
    resolveP2Values(p, &nArg);

    if( isExplain && nMem<10 ){
      nMem = 10;
    }

    nByte = nMem*sizeof(Mem)               /* aMem */
          + nVar*sizeof(Mem)               /* aVar */
          + nArg*sizeof(Mem*)              /* apArg */
          + nVar*sizeof(char*)             /* azVar */
          + nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*);   /* apCsr */
    if( nByte ){
      p->aMem = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    }
    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      p->aMem--;             /* aMem[] goes from 1..nMem */
      p->nMem = nMem;        /*       not from 0..nMem-1 */
      p->aVar = &p->aMem[nMem+1];
      p->nVar = nVar;
      p->okVar = 0;
      p->apArg = (Mem**)&p->aVar[nVar];

  for(n=1; n<p->nMem; n++){
    assert( p->aMem[n].db==db );
  }
#endif

  p->pc = -1;
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;

  p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
  p->explain |= isExplain;
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_RUN;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->cacheCtr = 1;
  p->minWriteFileFormat = 255;
  p->openedStatement = 0;

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used for walking the parser tree for
** an SQL statement.
**
** $Id: walker.c,v 1.2 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>


/*

int sqlite3WalkExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  int rc;
  if( pExpr==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
  rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
  if( rc==WRC_Continue ){
    if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pRight) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
    }else{
      if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
    }
  }
  return rc & WRC_Abort;
}

/*
** Call sqlite3WalkExpr() for every expression in list p or until

** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  This module is responsible for
** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.369 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)

  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  if( p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    mask = getMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable);
    return mask;
  }
  mask = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
  mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    mask |= exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
  }else{
    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
  }
  return mask;
}
static Bitmask exprListTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, ExprList *pList){
  int i;
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  if( pList ){
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){

  if( !sqlite3IsLikeFunction(db, pExpr, pnoCase, wc) ){
    return 0;
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
  if( *pnoCase ) return 0;
#endif
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  pRight = pList->a[0].pExpr;
  if( pRight->op!=TK_STRING ){
    return 0;
  }
  pLeft = pList->a[1].pExpr;
  if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN ){
    return 0;

  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( pExpr->token.n!=5 ||
       sqlite3StrNICmp((const char*)pExpr->token.z,"match",5)!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  if( pList->nExpr!=2 ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( pList->a[1].pExpr->op != TK_COLUMN ){
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;

      Expr *pNew;            /* The complete IN operator */

      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
        if( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator==WO_EQ );
        assert( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor );
        assert( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn );
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight, 0);
        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWC->pParse, pList, pDup, 0);
        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
      }
      assert( pLeft!=0 );
      pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
      pNew = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_IN, pDup, 0, 0);
      if( pNew ){
        int idxNew;
        transferJoinMarkings(pNew, pExpr);
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
        pNew->x.pList = pList;
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        testcase( idxNew==0 );
        exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
        pWC->a[idxNew].iParent = idxTerm;
        pTerm->nChild = 1;
      }else{

  pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
  pMaskSet = pWC->pMaskSet;
  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
  prereqLeft = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_IN ){
    assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      pTerm->prereqRight = exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      pTerm->prereqRight = exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pList);

    }
  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
    pTerm->prereqRight = 0;
  }else{
    pTerm->prereqRight = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pRight);
  }
  prereqAll = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr);
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){

      pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op);
    }
    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      WhereTerm *pNew;
      Expr *pDup;
      if( pTerm->leftCursor>=0 ){
        int idxNew;
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        if( db->mallocFailed ){
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
          return;
        }
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pDup, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        if( idxNew==0 ) return;
        pNew = &pWC->a[idxNew];

  ** The two new terms are added onto the end of the WhereClause object.
  ** The new terms are "dynamic" and are children of the original BETWEEN
  ** term.  That means that if the BETWEEN term is coded, the children are
  ** skipped.  Or, if the children are satisfied by an index, the original
  ** BETWEEN term is skipped.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN && pWC->op==TK_AND ){
    ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
    int i;
    static const u8 ops[] = {TK_GE, TK_LE};
    assert( pList!=0 );
    assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      int idxNew;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3Expr(db, ops[i], sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0),
                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, 0), 0);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      testcase( idxNew==0 );
      exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      pWC->a[idxNew].iParent = idxTerm;
    }
    pTerm->nChild = 2;

  if( isLikeOrGlob(pParse, pExpr, &nPattern, &isComplete, &noCase)
         && pWC->op==TK_AND ){
    Expr *pLeft, *pRight;
    Expr *pStr1, *pStr2;
    Expr *pNewExpr1, *pNewExpr2;
    int idxNew1, idxNew2;

    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
    pStr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_STRING, 0, 0, 0);
    if( pStr1 ){
      sqlite3TokenCopy(db, &pStr1->token, &pRight->token);
      pStr1->token.n = nPattern;
      pStr1->flags = EP_Dequoted;
    }
    pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);
    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      u8 c, *pC;
      /* assert( pStr2->token.dyn ); */
      pC = (u8*)&pStr2->token.z[nPattern-1];
      c = *pC;
      if( noCase ){
        if( c=='@' ) isComplete = 0;
        c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
      }
      *pC = c + 1;
    }
    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0),pStr1,0);
    idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
    testcase( idxNew1==0 );
    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT, sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0),pStr2,0);
    idxNew2 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr2, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
    testcase( idxNew2==0 );
    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew2);
    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
    if( isComplete ){
      pWC->a[idxNew1].iParent = idxTerm;
      pWC->a[idxNew2].iParent = idxTerm;

  */
  if( isMatchOfColumn(pExpr) ){
    int idxNew;
    Expr *pRight, *pLeft;
    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
    Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;

    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    prereqExpr = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
    prereqColumn = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
    if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_MATCH, 0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0), 0);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      testcase( idxNew==0 );
      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
      pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_MATCH;

        ** a single row is generated, output is always in sorted order */
        pCost->plan.wsFlags = WHERE_ROWID_EQ | WHERE_UNIQUE;
        pCost->plan.nEq = 1;
        WHERETRACE(("... best is rowid\n"));
        pCost->rCost = 0;
        pCost->nRow = 1;
        return;
      }else if( !ExprHasProperty((pExpr = pTerm->pExpr), EP_xIsSelect) 
             && pExpr->x.pList 
      ){
        /* Rowid IN (LIST): cost is NlogN where N is the number of list
        ** elements.  */
        pCost->rCost = pCost->nRow = pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
        pCost->rCost *= estLog(pCost->rCost);
      }else{
        /* Rowid IN (SELECT): cost is NlogN where N is the number of rows
        ** in the result of the inner select.  We have no way to estimate
        ** that value so make a wild guess. */
        pCost->nRow = 100;
        pCost->rCost = 200;

      int j = pProbe->aiColumn[i];
      pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, j, notReady, eqTermMask, pProbe);
      if( pTerm==0 ) break;
      wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_EQ;
      if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
        Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
        wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_IN;
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
          inMultiplier *= 25;
        }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
          inMultiplier *= pExpr->x.pList->nExpr + 1;
        }
      }
    }
    nRow = pProbe->aiRowEst[i] * inMultiplier;
    cost = nRow * estLog(inMultiplier);
    nEq = i;
    if( pProbe->onError!=OE_None && (wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN)==0

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#*************************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing corner cases of the DEFAULT syntax
# on table definitions.
#
# $Id: default.test,v 1.3 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable bloblit {
  do_test default-1.1 {

  catchsql {
    CREATE TABLE t3(
      x INTEGER,
      y INTEGER DEFAULT (max(x,5))
    )
  }
} {1 {default value of column [y] is not constant}}

ifcapable pragma {
  do_test default-2.1 {
    execsql {
      CREATE TABLE t4(c DEFAULT 'abc');
      PRAGMA table_info(t4);
    }
  } {0 c {} 0 'abc' 0}
  do_test default-2.2 {
    execsql {
      INSERT INTO t4 DEFAULT VALUES;
      PRAGMA table_info(t4);
    }
  } {0 c {} 0 'abc' 0}
}

finish_test

# 2001 September 15
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements some common TCL routines used for regression
# testing the SQLite library
#
# $Id: tester.tcl,v 1.140 2009/02/19 14:39:25 danielk1977 Exp $

#
# What for user input before continuing.  This gives an opportunity
# to connect profiling tools to the process.
#
for {set i 0} {$i<[llength $argv]} {incr i} {
  if {[regexp {^-+pause$} [lindex $argv $i] all value]} {

  set data [sqlite3_memdebug_log dump]
  set nFrame [expr [llength [lindex $data 0]]-2]
  if {$nFrame < 0} { return "" }

  set database temp

  set tbl "CREATE TABLE ${database}.malloc(zTest, nCall, nByte, lStack);"





  set sql ""
  foreach e $data {
    set nCall [lindex $e 0]
    set nByte [lindex $e 1]
    set lStack [lrange $e 2 end]
    append sql "INSERT INTO ${database}.malloc VALUES"
    append sql "('test', $nCall, $nByte, '$lStack');\n"
    foreach f $lStack {
      set frames($f) 1
    }
  }

  set tbl2 "CREATE TABLE ${database}.frame(frame INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, line);\n"
  set tbl3 "CREATE TABLE ${database}.file(name PRIMARY KEY, content);\n"