SQLite

  int writableSchema;    /* True if PRAGMA writable_schema=ON */
  int showHeader;        /* True to show column names in List or Column mode */
  int nCheck;            /* Number of ".check" commands run */
  unsigned nProgress;    /* Number of progress callbacks encountered */
  unsigned mxProgress;   /* Maximum progress callbacks before failing */
  unsigned flgProgress;  /* Flags for the progress callback */
  unsigned shellFlgs;    /* Various flags */
  unsigned priorShFlgs;  /* Saved copy of flags */
  sqlite3_int64 szMax;   /* --maxsize argument to .open */
  char *zDestTable;      /* Name of destination table when MODE_Insert */
  char *zTempFile;       /* Temporary file that might need deleting */
  char zTestcase[30];    /* Name of current test case */
  char colSeparator[20]; /* Column separator character for several modes */
  char rowSeparator[20]; /* Row separator character for MODE_Ascii */
  char colSepPrior[20];  /* Saved column separator */

#endif /* SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM */

/*
** Save or restore the current output mode
*/
static void outputModePush(ShellState *p){
  p->modePrior = p->mode;
  p->priorShFlgs = p->shellFlgs;
  memcpy(p->colSepPrior, p->colSeparator, sizeof(p->colSeparator));
  memcpy(p->rowSepPrior, p->rowSeparator, sizeof(p->rowSeparator));
}
static void outputModePop(ShellState *p){
  p->mode = p->modePrior;
  p->shellFlgs = p->priorShFlgs;
  memcpy(p->colSeparator, p->colSepPrior, sizeof(p->colSeparator));
  memcpy(p->rowSeparator, p->rowSepPrior, sizeof(p->rowSeparator));
}

/*
** Output the given string as a hex-encoded blob (eg. X'1234' )
*/

  "   Other Modes:",
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  "      test                  Show raw EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output",
  "      trace                 Like \"full\" but enable \"PRAGMA vdbe_trace\"",
#endif
  "      trigger               Like \"full\" but also show trigger bytecode",
  ".excel                   Display the output of next command in spreadsheet",
  "   --bom                   Put a UTF8 byte-order mark on intermediate file",
  ".exit ?CODE?             Exit this program with return-code CODE",
  ".expert                  EXPERIMENTAL. Suggest indexes for queries",
  ".explain ?on|off|auto?   Change the EXPLAIN formatting mode.  Default: auto",
  ".filectrl CMD ...        Run various sqlite3_file_control() operations",
  "                           Run \".filectrl\" with no arguments for details",
  ".fullschema ?--indent?   Show schema and the content of sqlite_stat tables",
  ".headers on|off          Turn display of headers on or off",

  "     insert   SQL insert statements for TABLE",
  "     line     One value per line",
  "     list     Values delimited by \"|\"",
  "     quote    Escape answers as for SQL",
  "     tabs     Tab-separated values",
  "     tcl      TCL list elements",
  ".nullvalue STRING        Use STRING in place of NULL values",
  ".once ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?   Output for the next SQL command only to FILE",
  "     If FILE begins with '|' then open as a pipe",
  "       --bom  Put a UTF8 byte-order mark at the beginning",
  "       -e     Send output to the system text editor",
  "       -x     Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet (same as \".excel\")",
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  ".oom [--repeat M] [N]    Simulate an OOM error on the N-th allocation",
#endif 
  ".open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE?   Close existing database and reopen FILE",
  "     Options:",
  "        --append        Use appendvfs to append database to the end of FILE",
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DESERIALIZE
  "        --deserialize   Load into memory useing sqlite3_deserialize()",
  "        --hexdb         Load the output of \"dbtotxt\" as an in-memory db",
  "        --maxsize N     Maximum size for --hexdb or --deserialized database",
#endif
  "        --new           Initialize FILE to an empty database",
  "        --nofollow      Do not follow symbolic links",
  "        --readonly      Open FILE readonly",
  "        --zip           FILE is a ZIP archive",
  ".output ?FILE?           Send output to FILE or stdout if FILE is omitted",
  "   If FILE begins with '|' then open it as a pipe.",
  "   Options:",
  "     --bom                 Prefix output with a UTF8 byte-order mark",
  "     -e                    Send output to the system text editor",
  "     -x                    Send output as CSV to a spreadsheet",
  ".parameter CMD ...       Manage SQL parameter bindings",
  "   clear                   Erase all bindings",
  "   init                    Initialize the TEMP table that holds bindings",
  "   list                    List the current parameter bindings",
  "   set PARAMETER VALUE     Given SQL parameter PARAMETER a value of VALUE",
  "                           PARAMETER should start with one of: $ : @ ?",
  "   unset PARAMETER         Remove PARAMETER from the binding table",

  int j = 0;
  int n = 0;
  char *zPat;
  if( zPattern==0
   || zPattern[0]=='0'
   || strcmp(zPattern,"-a")==0
   || strcmp(zPattern,"-all")==0
   || strcmp(zPattern,"--all")==0
  ){
    /* Show all commands, but only one line per command */
    if( zPattern==0 ) zPattern = "";
    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azHelp); i++){
      if( azHelp[i][0]=='.' || zPattern[0] ){
        utf8_printf(out, "%s\n", azHelp[i]);
        n++;

    }
  }else

  if( (c=='o'
        && (strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0||strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0))
   || (c=='e' && n==5 && strcmp(azArg[0],"excel")==0)
  ){
    const char *zFile = 0;
    int bTxtMode = 0;
    int i;
    int eMode = 0;
    int bBOM = 0;
    int bOnce;

    if( c=='e' ){

      eMode = 'x';
      bOnce = 2;
    }else if( strncmp(azArg[0],"once",n)==0 ){

      bOnce = 1;
    }
    for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
      char *z = azArg[i];
      if( z[0]=='-' ){
        if( z[1]=='-' ) z++;
        if( strcmp(z,"-bom")==0 ){
          bBOM = 1;
        }else if( c!='e' && strcmp(z,"-x")==0 ){
          eMode = 'x';  /* spreadsheet */
        }else if( c!='e' && strcmp(z,"-e")==0 ){
          eMode = 'e';  /* text editor */
        }else{
          utf8_printf(p->out, "ERROR: unknown option: \"%s\".  Usage:\n",
                      azArg[i]);
          showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
          rc = 1;
          goto meta_command_exit;
        }
      }else if( zFile==0 ){
        zFile = z;
      }else{
        utf8_printf(p->out,"ERROR: extra parameter: \"%s\".  Usage:\n",
                    azArg[i]);

        showHelp(p->out, azArg[0]);
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
    }
    if( zFile==0 ) zFile = "stdout";
    if( bOnce ){
      p->outCount = 2;
    }else{
      p->outCount = 0;
    }
    output_reset(p);

#ifndef SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM

    if( eMode=='e' || eMode=='x' ){
      p->doXdgOpen = 1;
      outputModePush(p);
      if( eMode=='x' ){
        /* spreadsheet mode.  Output as CSV. */
        newTempFile(p, "csv");
        ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo);
        p->mode = MODE_Csv;
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_CrLf);
      }else{
        /* text editor mode */
        newTempFile(p, "txt");
        bTxtMode = 1;
      }
      zFile = p->zTempFile;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_NOHAVE_SYSTEM */
    if( zFile[0]=='|' ){
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_POPEN
      raw_printf(stderr, "Error: pipes are not supported in this OS\n");
      rc = 1;
      p->out = stdout;
#else
      p->out = popen(zFile + 1, "w");
      if( p->out==0 ){
        utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: cannot open pipe \"%s\"\n", zFile + 1);
        p->out = stdout;
        rc = 1;
      }else{
        if( bBOM ) fprintf(p->out,"\357\273\277");
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
      }
#endif
    }else{
      p->out = output_file_open(zFile, bTxtMode);
      if( p->out==0 ){
        if( strcmp(zFile,"off")!=0 ){
          utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", zFile);
        }
        p->out = stdout;
        rc = 1;
      } else {
        if( bBOM ) fprintf(p->out,"\357\273\277");
        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->outfile), p->outfile, "%s", zFile);
      }
    }
  }else

  if( c=='p' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "parameter", n)==0 ){
    open_db(p,0);