sub("\r","",name)
  op[name] = -1
  jump[name] = 0
  out2_prerelease[name] = 0
  in1[name] = 0
  in2[name] = 0
  in3[name] = 0

  out3[name] = 0
  for(i=3; i<NF; i++){
    if($i=="same" && $(i+1)=="as"){
      sym = $(i+2)
      sub(/,/,"",sym)
      op[name] = tk[sym]
      used[op[name]] = 1
................................................................................
      out2_prerelease[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in1"){
      in1[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in2"){
      in2[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in3"){
      in3[name] = 1


    }else if(x=="out3"){
      out3[name] = 1
    }
  }
  order[n_op++] = name;
}

................................................................................
  #  bit 2:     output to p1.  release p1 before opcode runs
  #
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++) bv[i] = 0;
  for(i=0; i<n_op; i++){
    name = order[i];
    x = op[name]
    a0 = a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = a5 = a6 = a7 = 0
    # a8 = a9 = a10 = a11 = a12 = a13 = a14 = a15 = 0
    if( jump[name] ) a0 = 1;
    if( out2_prerelease[name] ) a1 = 2;
    if( in1[name] ) a2 = 4;
    if( in2[name] ) a3 = 8;
    if( in3[name] ) a4 = 16;

    if( out3[name] ) a5 = 32;
    # bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7+a8+a9+a10+a11+a12+a13+a14+a15;
    bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7;
  }
  print "\n"
  print "/* Properties such as \"out2\" or \"jump\" that are specified in"
  print "** comments following the \"case\" for each opcode in the vdbe.c"
  print "** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:"
  print "*/"
  print "#define OPFLG_JUMP            0x0001  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE 0x0002  /* out2-prerelease: */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN1             0x0004  /* in1:   P1 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN2             0x0008  /* in2:   P2 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN3             0x0010  /* in3:   P3 is an input */"

  print "#define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0020  /* out3:  P3 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\\"
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++){
    if( i%8==0 ) printf("/* %3d */",i)
    printf " 0x%02x,", bv[i]
    if( i%8==7 ) printf("\\\n");
  }
  print "}"
}

  sub("\r","",name)
  op[name] = -1
  jump[name] = 0
  out2_prerelease[name] = 0
  in1[name] = 0
  in2[name] = 0
  in3[name] = 0
  out2[name] = 0
  out3[name] = 0
  for(i=3; i<NF; i++){
    if($i=="same" && $(i+1)=="as"){
      sym = $(i+2)
      sub(/,/,"",sym)
      op[name] = tk[sym]
      used[op[name]] = 1
................................................................................
      out2_prerelease[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in1"){
      in1[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in2"){
      in2[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="in3"){
      in3[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="out2"){
      out2[name] = 1
    }else if(x=="out3"){
      out3[name] = 1
    }
  }
  order[n_op++] = name;
}

................................................................................
  #  bit 2:     output to p1.  release p1 before opcode runs
  #
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++) bv[i] = 0;
  for(i=0; i<n_op; i++){
    name = order[i];
    x = op[name]
    a0 = a1 = a2 = a3 = a4 = a5 = a6 = a7 = 0
    # a7 = a9 = a10 = a11 = a12 = a13 = a14 = a15 = 0
    if( jump[name] ) a0 = 1;
    if( out2_prerelease[name] ) a1 = 2;
    if( in1[name] ) a2 = 4;
    if( in2[name] ) a3 = 8;
    if( in3[name] ) a4 = 16;
    if( out2[name] ) a5 = 32;
    if( out3[name] ) a6 = 64;
    # bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7+a8+a9+a10+a11+a12+a13+a14+a15;
    bv[x] = a0+a1+a2+a3+a4+a5+a6+a7;
  }
  print "\n"
  print "/* Properties such as \"out2\" or \"jump\" that are specified in"
  print "** comments following the \"case\" for each opcode in the vdbe.c"
  print "** are encoded into bitvectors as follows:"
  print "*/"
  print "#define OPFLG_JUMP            0x0001  /* jump:  P2 holds jmp target */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE 0x0002  /* out2-prerelease: */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN1             0x0004  /* in1:   P1 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN2             0x0008  /* in2:   P2 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_IN3             0x0010  /* in3:   P3 is an input */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT2            0x0020  /* out2:  P2 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_OUT3            0x0040  /* out3:  P3 is an output */"
  print "#define OPFLG_INITIALIZER {\\"
  for(i=0; i<=max; i++){
    if( i%8==0 ) printf("/* %3d */",i)
    printf " 0x%02x,", bv[i]
    if( i%8==7 ) printf("\\\n");
  }
  print "}"
}

**
** 4:  There must be an active transaction.
**
** No checking is done to make sure that page iTable really is the
** root page of a b-tree.  If it is not, then the cursor acquired
** will not work correctly.
**
** It is assumed that the sqlite3BtreeCursorSize() bytes of memory 
** pointed to by pCur have been zeroed by the caller.
*/
static int btreeCursor(
  Btree *p,                              /* The btree */
  int iTable,                            /* Root page of table to open */
  int wrFlag,                            /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,              /* First arg to comparison function */
  BtCursor *pCur                         /* Space for new cursor */
................................................................................
** sufficient storage to hold a cursor.  The BtCursor object is opaque
** to users so they cannot do the sizeof() themselves - they must call
** this routine.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void){
  return ROUND8(sizeof(BtCursor));
}













/*
** Set the cached rowid value of every cursor in the same database file
** as pCur and having the same root page number as pCur.  The value is
** set to iRowid.
**
** Only positive rowid values are considered valid for this cache.

**
** 4:  There must be an active transaction.
**
** No checking is done to make sure that page iTable really is the
** root page of a b-tree.  If it is not, then the cursor acquired
** will not work correctly.
**
** It is assumed that the sqlite3BtreeCursorZero() has been called
** on pCur to initialize the memory space prior to invoking this routine.
*/
static int btreeCursor(
  Btree *p,                              /* The btree */
  int iTable,                            /* Root page of table to open */
  int wrFlag,                            /* 1 to write. 0 read-only */
  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo,              /* First arg to comparison function */
  BtCursor *pCur                         /* Space for new cursor */
................................................................................
** sufficient storage to hold a cursor.  The BtCursor object is opaque
** to users so they cannot do the sizeof() themselves - they must call
** this routine.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void){
  return ROUND8(sizeof(BtCursor));
}

/*
** Initialize memory that will be converted into a BtCursor object.
**
** The simple approach here would be to memset() the entire object
** to zero.  But it turns out that the apPage[] and aiIdx[] arrays
** do not need to be zeroed and they are large, so we can save a lot
** of run-time by skipping the initialization of those elements.
*/
void sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(BtCursor *p){
  memset(p, 0, offsetof(BtCursor, iPage));
}

/*
** Set the cached rowid value of every cursor in the same database file
** as pCur and having the same root page number as pCur.  The value is
** set to iRowid.
**
** Only positive rowid values are considered valid for this cache.

  Btree*,                              /* BTree containing table to open */
  int iTable,                          /* Index of root page */
  int wrFlag,                          /* 1 for writing.  0 for read-only */
  struct KeyInfo*,                     /* First argument to compare function */
  BtCursor *pCursor                    /* Space to write cursor structure */
);
int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void);


int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor*);
int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
  BtCursor*,
  UnpackedRecord *pUnKey,
  i64 intKey,
  int bias,

  Btree*,                              /* BTree containing table to open */
  int iTable,                          /* Index of root page */
  int wrFlag,                          /* 1 for writing.  0 for read-only */
  struct KeyInfo*,                     /* First argument to compare function */
  BtCursor *pCursor                    /* Space to write cursor structure */
);
int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void);
void sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(BtCursor*);

int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor*);
int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
  BtCursor*,
  UnpackedRecord *pUnKey,
  i64 intKey,
  int bias,

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE

/*
** This is defined in tokenize.c.  We just have to import the definition.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
extern const char sqlite3IsAsciiIdChar[];
#define IdChar(C)  (((c=C)&0x80)!=0 || (c>0x1f && sqlite3IsAsciiIdChar[c-0x20]))
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
extern const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[];
#define IdChar(C)  (((c=C)>=0x42 && sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[c-0x40]))
#endif
#endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */

................................................................................
        zSql++;
        while( *zSql && *zSql!=c ){ zSql++; }
        if( *zSql==0 ) return 0;
        token = tkOTHER;
        break;
      }
      default: {
        int c;


        if( IdChar((u8)*zSql) ){
          /* Keywords and unquoted identifiers */
          int nId;
          for(nId=1; IdChar(zSql[nId]); nId++){}
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
          token = tkOTHER;
#else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE

/*
** This is defined in tokenize.c.  We just have to import the definition.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
#define IdChar(C)  ((sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)C]&0x46)!=0)

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
extern const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[];
#define IdChar(C)  (((c=C)>=0x42 && sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[c-0x40]))
#endif
#endif /* SQLITE_AMALGAMATION */

................................................................................
        zSql++;
        while( *zSql && *zSql!=c ){ zSql++; }
        if( *zSql==0 ) return 0;
        token = tkOTHER;
        break;
      }
      default: {
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
        unsigned char c;
#endif
        if( IdChar((u8)*zSql) ){
          /* Keywords and unquoted identifiers */
          int nId;
          for(nId=1; IdChar(zSql[nId]); nId++){}
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
          token = tkOTHER;
#else

               || (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)==0 );
    p->op = TK_INTEGER;
    p->flags |= EP_IntValue;
    p->u.iValue = *pValue;
  }
  return rc;
}
























































































/*
** Return TRUE if the given string is a row-id column name.
*/
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char *z){
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "_ROWID_")==0 ) return 1;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "ROWID")==0 ) return 1;

               || (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)==0 );
    p->op = TK_INTEGER;
    p->flags |= EP_IntValue;
    p->u.iValue = *pValue;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Return FALSE if there is no chance that the expression can be NULL.
**
** If the expression might be NULL or if the expression is too complex
** to tell return TRUE.  
**
** This routine is used as an optimization, to skip OP_IsNull opcodes
** when we know that a value cannot be NULL.  Hence, a false positive
** (returning TRUE when in fact the expression can never be NULL) might
** be a small performance hit but is otherwise harmless.  On the other
** hand, a false negative (returning FALSE when the result could be NULL)
** will likely result in an incorrect answer.  So when in doubt, return
** TRUE.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr *p){
  u8 op;
  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_MINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
  op = p->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_INTEGER:
    case TK_STRING:
    case TK_FLOAT:
    case TK_BLOB:
      return 0;
    default:
      return 1;
  }
}

/*
** Generate an OP_IsNull instruction that tests register iReg and jumps
** to location iDest if the value in iReg is NULL.  The value in iReg 
** was computed by pExpr.  If we can look at pExpr at compile-time and
** determine that it can never generate a NULL, then the OP_IsNull operation
** can be omitted.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(
  Vdbe *v,            /* The VDBE under construction */
  const Expr *pExpr,  /* Only generate OP_IsNull if this expr can be NULL */
  int iReg,           /* Test the value in this register for NULL */
  int iDest           /* Jump here if the value is null */
){
  if( sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pExpr) ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, iReg, iDest);
  }
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the given expression is a constant which would be
** unchanged by OP_Affinity with the affinity given in the second
** argument.
**
** This routine is used to determine if the OP_Affinity operation
** can be omitted.  When in doubt return FALSE.  A false negative
** is harmless.  A false positive, however, can result in the wrong
** answer.
*/
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr *p, char aff){
  u8 op;
  if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ) return 1;
  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_MINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
  op = p->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
    }
    case TK_FLOAT: {
      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
    }
    case TK_STRING: {
      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    }
    case TK_BLOB: {
      return 1;
    }
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      return p->iTable>=0 && p->iColumn<0
               && (aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC);
    }
    default: {
      return 0;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the given string is a row-id column name.
*/
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char *z){
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "_ROWID_")==0 ) return 1;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "ROWID")==0 ) return 1;

**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains definitions of global variables and contants.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/* An array to map all upper-case characters into their corresponding
** lower-case character. 
**
** SQLite only considers US-ASCII (or EBCDIC) characters.  We do not
** handle case conversions for the UTF character set since the tables
** involved are nearly as big or bigger than SQLite itself.
*/
................................................................................
**
**   isspace()                        0x01
**   isalpha()                        0x02
**   isdigit()                        0x04
**   isalnum()                        0x06
**   isxdigit()                       0x08
**   toupper()                        0x20

**
** Bit 0x20 is set if the mapped character requires translation to upper
** case. i.e. if the character is a lower-case ASCII character.
** If x is a lower-case ASCII character, then its upper-case equivalent
** is (x - 0x20). Therefore toupper() can be implemented as:
**
**   (x & ~(map[x]&0x20))
**
** Standard function tolower() is implemented using the sqlite3UpperToLower[]
** array. tolower() is used more often than toupper() by SQLite.





**
** SQLite's versions are identical to the standard versions assuming a
** locale of "C". They are implemented as macros in sqliteInt.h.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 00..07    ........ */
  0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 08..0f    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 10..17    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 18..1f    ........ */
  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 20..27     !"#$%&' */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 28..2f    ()*+,-./ */
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c,  /* 30..37    01234567 */
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 38..3f    89:;<=>? */

  0x00, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x02,  /* 40..47    @ABCDEFG */
  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,  /* 48..4f    HIJKLMNO */
  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,  /* 50..57    PQRSTUVW */
  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 58..5f    XYZ[\]^_ */
  0x00, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x22,  /* 60..67    `abcdefg */
  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,  /* 68..6f    hijklmno */
  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,  /* 70..77    pqrstuvw */
  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 78..7f    xyz{|}~. */

  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 80..87    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 88..8f    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 90..97    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 98..9f    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* a0..a7    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* a8..af    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* b0..b7    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* b8..bf    ........ */

  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* c0..c7    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* c8..cf    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* d0..d7    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* d8..df    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* e0..e7    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* e8..ef    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* f0..f7    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00   /* f8..ff    ........ */
};
#endif



/*
** The following singleton contains the global configuration for
................................................................................
**
** IMPORTANT:  Changing the pending byte to any value other than
** 0x40000000 results in an incompatible database file format!
** Changing the pending byte during operating results in undefined
** and dileterious behavior.
*/
int sqlite3PendingByte = 0x40000000;

**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains definitions of global variables and contants.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/* An array to map all upper-case characters into their corresponding
** lower-case character. 
**
** SQLite only considers US-ASCII (or EBCDIC) characters.  We do not
** handle case conversions for the UTF character set since the tables
** involved are nearly as big or bigger than SQLite itself.
*/
................................................................................
**
**   isspace()                        0x01
**   isalpha()                        0x02
**   isdigit()                        0x04
**   isalnum()                        0x06
**   isxdigit()                       0x08
**   toupper()                        0x20
**   SQLite identifier character      0x40
**
** Bit 0x20 is set if the mapped character requires translation to upper
** case. i.e. if the character is a lower-case ASCII character.
** If x is a lower-case ASCII character, then its upper-case equivalent
** is (x - 0x20). Therefore toupper() can be implemented as:
**
**   (x & ~(map[x]&0x20))
**
** Standard function tolower() is implemented using the sqlite3UpperToLower[]
** array. tolower() is used more often than toupper() by SQLite.
**
** Bit 0x40 is set if the character non-alphanumeric and can be used in an 
** SQLite identifier.  Identifiers are alphanumerics, "_", "$", and any
** non-ASCII UTF character. Hence the test for whether or not a character is
** part of an identifier is 0x46.
**
** SQLite's versions are identical to the standard versions assuming a
** locale of "C". They are implemented as macros in sqliteInt.h.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[256] = {
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 00..07    ........ */
  0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 08..0f    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 10..17    ........ */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 18..1f    ........ */
  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 20..27     !"#$%&' */
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 28..2f    ()*+,-./ */
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c,  /* 30..37    01234567 */
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 38..3f    89:;<=>? */

  0x00, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x02,  /* 40..47    @ABCDEFG */
  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,  /* 48..4f    HIJKLMNO */
  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,  /* 50..57    PQRSTUVW */
  0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40,  /* 58..5f    XYZ[\]^_ */
  0x00, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x2a, 0x22,  /* 60..67    `abcdefg */
  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,  /* 68..6f    hijklmno */
  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,  /* 70..77    pqrstuvw */
  0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,  /* 78..7f    xyz{|}~. */

  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 80..87    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 88..8f    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 90..97    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* 98..9f    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* a0..a7    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* a8..af    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* b0..b7    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* b8..bf    ........ */

  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* c0..c7    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* c8..cf    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* d0..d7    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* d8..df    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* e0..e7    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* e8..ef    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,  /* f0..f7    ........ */
  0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40   /* f8..ff    ........ */
};
#endif



/*
** The following singleton contains the global configuration for
................................................................................
**
** IMPORTANT:  Changing the pending byte to any value other than
** 0x40000000 results in an incompatible database file format!
** Changing the pending byte during operating results in undefined
** and dileterious behavior.
*/
int sqlite3PendingByte = 0x40000000;

#include "opcodes.h"
/*
** Properties of opcodes.  The OPFLG_INITIALIZER macro is
** created by mkopcodeh.awk during compilation.  Data is obtained
** from the comments following the "case OP_xxxx:" statements in
** the vdbe.c file.  
*/
const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[] = OPFLG_INITIALIZER;

}
int sqlite3OsFullPathname(
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
  const char *zPath, 
  int nPathOut, 
  char *zPathOut
){

  return pVfs->xFullPathname(pVfs, zPath, nPathOut, zPathOut);
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
  return pVfs->xDlOpen(pVfs, zPath);
}
void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){

}
int sqlite3OsFullPathname(
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
  const char *zPath, 
  int nPathOut, 
  char *zPathOut
){
  zPathOut[0] = 0;
  return pVfs->xFullPathname(pVfs, zPath, nPathOut, zPathOut);
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
void *sqlite3OsDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
  return pVfs->xDlOpen(pVfs, zPath);
}
void sqlite3OsDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){

void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);



int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, Trigger *, int);
void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
................................................................................
char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
char *sqlite3Utf8to16(sqlite3 *, u8, char *, int, int *);
#endif
int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION

extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
extern SQLITE_WSD FuncDefHash sqlite3GlobalFunctions;
extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
#endif
void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db*, int, int);

void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(Vdbe*, const Expr*, int, int);
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int, Trigger *, int);
void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
................................................................................
char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2
char *sqlite3Utf8to16(sqlite3 *, u8, char *, int, int *);
#endif
int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
extern const unsigned char sqlite3OpcodeProperty[];
extern const unsigned char sqlite3UpperToLower[];
extern const unsigned char sqlite3CtypeMap[];
extern SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config;
extern SQLITE_WSD FuncDefHash sqlite3GlobalFunctions;
extern int sqlite3PendingByte;
#endif
void sqlite3RootPageMoved(Db*, int, int);

**
** Ticket #1066.  the SQL standard does not allow '$' in the
** middle of identfiers.  But many SQL implementations do. 
** SQLite will allow '$' in identifiers for compatibility.
** But the feature is undocumented.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
const char sqlite3IsAsciiIdChar[] = {
/* x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF */
    0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 2x */
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 3x */
    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* 4x */
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,  /* 5x */
    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  /* 6x */
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 7x */
};
#define IdChar(C)  (((c=C)&0x80)!=0 || (c>0x1f && sqlite3IsAsciiIdChar[c-0x20]))
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[] = {
/* x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF */
    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 4x */
    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 5x */
    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,  /* 6x */

**
** Ticket #1066.  the SQL standard does not allow '$' in the
** middle of identfiers.  But many SQL implementations do. 
** SQLite will allow '$' in identifiers for compatibility.
** But the feature is undocumented.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
#define IdChar(C)  ((sqlite3CtypeMap[(unsigned char)C]&0x46)!=0)









#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
const char sqlite3IsEbcdicIdChar[] = {
/* x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xA xB xC xD xE xF */
    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 4x */
    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,  /* 5x */
    0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,  /* 6x */

  else if( flags & MEM_Str ){
    pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
  }else{
    pMem->type = SQLITE_BLOB;
  }
}

/*
** Properties of opcodes.  The OPFLG_INITIALIZER macro is
** created by mkopcodeh.awk during compilation.  Data is obtained
** from the comments following the "case OP_xxxx:" statements in
** this file.  
*/
static const unsigned char opcodeProperty[] = OPFLG_INITIALIZER;

/*
** Return true if an opcode has any of the OPFLG_xxx properties
** specified by mask.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(int opcode, int mask){
  assert( opcode>0 && opcode<(int)sizeof(opcodeProperty) );
  return (opcodeProperty[opcode]&mask)!=0;
}

/*
** Allocate VdbeCursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
** if we run out of memory.
*/
static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
  Vdbe *p,              /* The virtual machine */
  int iCur,             /* Index of the new VdbeCursor */
................................................................................
  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
  if( p->apCsr[iCur] ){
    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[iCur]);
    p->apCsr[iCur] = 0;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 0) ){
    p->apCsr[iCur] = pCx = (VdbeCursor*)pMem->z;
    memset(pCx, 0, nByte);
    pCx->iDb = iDb;
    pCx->nField = nField;
    if( nField ){
      pCx->aType = (u32 *)&pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))];
    }
    if( isBtreeCursor ){
      pCx->pCursor = (BtCursor*)
          &pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))+2*nField*sizeof(u32)];

    }
  }
  return pCx;
}

/*
** Try to convert a value into a numeric representation if we can
................................................................................
** After this routine has finished, sqlite3VdbeFinalize() should be
** used to clean up the mess that was left behind.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeExec(
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  int pc;                    /* The program counter */

  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */





  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
  Mem *pOut = 0;             /* Output operand */
  u8 opProperty;
  int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last OP_Compare operation */
  int *aPermute = 0;         /* Permutation of columns for OP_Compare */
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  u64 start;                 /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
  int origPc;                /* Program counter at start of opcode */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  int nProgressOps = 0;      /* Opcodes executed since progress callback. */
#endif
  /*** INSERT STACK UNION HERE ***/

  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
................................................................................
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  assert( p->explain==0 );
  p->pResultSet = 0;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);



#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
  if( p->pc==0 
   && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing) || fileExists(db, "vdbe_explain"))
  ){
    int i;
    printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &p->aOp[i]);
    }
  }
  if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_trace") ){
    p->trace = stdout;
  }
  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
#endif
................................................................................
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
#endif
    pOp = &p->aOp[pc];

    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( p->trace ){
      if( pc==0 ){
        printf("VDBE Execution Trace:\n");
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
    /* Call the progress callback if it is configured and the required number
    ** of VDBE ops have been executed (either since this invocation of
    ** sqlite3VdbeExec() or since last time the progress callback was called).
    ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
    ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
    */
    if( db->xProgress ){
      if( db->nProgressOps==nProgressOps ){
        int prc;
        if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
        prc =db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg);
        if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
        if( prc!=0 ){
          rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
................................................................................
        }
        nProgressOps = 0;
      }
      nProgressOps++;
    }
#endif

    /* Do common setup processing for any opcode that is marked
    ** with the "out2-prerelease" tag.  Such opcodes have a single
    ** output which is specified by the P2 parameter.  The P2 register
    ** is initialized to a NULL.
    */
    opProperty = opcodeProperty[pOp->opcode];
    if( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
      pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
      sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pOut);
      pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
      pOut->n = 0;
    }else
 


    /* Do common setup for opcodes marked with one of the following
    ** combinations of properties.
    **
    **           in1
    **           in1 in2
    **           in1 in2 out3
    **           in1 in3
    **
    ** Variables pIn1, pIn2, and pIn3 are made to point to appropriate
    ** registers for inputs.  Variable pOut points to the output register.
    */
    if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p1>0 );
      assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
      pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);

      if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p2>0 );
        assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
        pIn2 = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pIn2);
        /* As currently implemented, in2 implies out3.  There is no reason
        ** why this has to be, it just worked out that way. */
        assert( (opProperty & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 );
        assert( pOp->p3>0 );
        assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
        pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];

      }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
        assert( pOp->p3>0 );
        assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
        pIn3 = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pIn3);
      }
    }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){

      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
      pIn2 = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pIn2);
    }else if( (opProperty & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){


      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
      pIn3 = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pIn3);
    }


    switch( pOp->opcode ){

/*****************************************************************************
** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a
** separate instruction in the virtual machine.  If we follow the usual
** indentation conventions, each case should be indented by 6 spaces.  But
** that is a lot of wasted space on the left margin.  So the code within
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write the current address onto register P1
** and then jump to address P2.
*/
case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump */
  assert( pOp->p1>0 );
  assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  pIn1->u.i = pc;
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Return P1 * * * *
**
** Jump to the next instruction after the address in register P1.
*/
case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */

  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
  pc = (int)pIn1->u.i;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Yield P1 * * * *
**
** Swap the program counter with the value in register P1.
*/
case OP_Yield: {            /* in1 */
  int pcDest;

  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  pcDest = (int)pIn1->u.i;
  pIn1->u.i = pc;
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  pc = pcDest;
  break;
................................................................................
/* Opcode:  HaltIfNull  P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**
** Check the value in register P3.  If is is NULL then Halt using
** parameter P1, P2, and P4 as if this were a Halt instruction.  If the
** value in register P3 is not NULL, then this routine is a no-op.
*/
case OP_HaltIfNull: {      /* in3 */

  if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ) break;
  /* Fall through into OP_Halt */
}

/* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, etc are closed
................................................................................
      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
    }


    break;
  }

  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
  p->pc = pc;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
**
** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2.
*/
case OP_Integer: {         /* out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value.
** Write that value into register P2.
*/
case OP_Int64: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p4.pI64!=0 );
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = *pOp->p4.pI64;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Real * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: Null * P2 * * *
**
** Write a NULL into register P2.
*/
case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */

  break;
}


/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4
**
** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
................................................................................
  assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || pOp->p3==1 || pOp->p3==0 );

  while( n-- > 0 ){
    pVar = &p->aVar[p1++];
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pVar) ){
      goto too_big;
    }
    pOut = &p->aMem[p2++];
    sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pOut);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pVar, MEM_Static);
    UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................

  n = pOp->p3;
  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( n>0 && p1>0 && p2>0 );
  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );

  pIn1 = &p->aMem[p1];
  pOut = &p->aMem[p2];
  while( n-- ){
    assert( pOut<=&p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    assert( pIn1<=&p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    zMalloc = pOut->zMalloc;
    pOut->zMalloc = 0;
    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
    pIn1->zMalloc = zMalloc;
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
    pIn1++;
    pOut++;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a copy of register P1 into register P2.
**
** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
*/
case OP_Copy: {             /* in1 */
  assert( pOp->p2>0 );
  assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
  Deephemeralize(pOut);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  break;
}

................................................................................
** is a string or blob, then the copy is only a pointer to the
** original and hence if the original changes so will the copy.
** Worse, if the original is deallocated, the copy becomes invalid.
** Thus the program must guarantee that the original will not change
** during the lifetime of the copy.  Use OP_Copy to make a complete
** copy.
*/
case OP_SCopy: {            /* in1 */
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  assert( pOp->p2>0 );
  assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;

  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
  ** as side effect.
  */
  pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(&pMem[i]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
  }
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;

................................................................................
** It is illegal for P1 and P3 to be the same register. Sometimes,
** if P3 is the same register as P2, the implementation is able
** to avoid a memcpy().
*/
case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
  i64 nByte;




  assert( pIn1!=pOut );
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    break;
  }
  if( ExpandBlob(pIn1) || ExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
  Stringify(pIn1, encoding);
................................................................................
case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
  int flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */


  applyNumericAffinity(pIn1);

  applyNumericAffinity(pIn2);

  flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
  if( (flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
  if( (pIn1->flags & pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)==MEM_Int ){
    iA = pIn1->u.i;
    iB = pIn2->u.i;
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:         iB += iA;       break;
................................................................................

  n = pOp->p5;
  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );

  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=p->nMem+1) );
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
  pArg = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
    apVal[i] = pArg;
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pArg);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pArg);
  }

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF || pOp->p4type==P4_VDBEFUNC );
................................................................................
    ctx.pVdbeFunc = 0;
  }else{
    ctx.pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc*)pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc;
    ctx.pFunc = ctx.pVdbeFunc->pFunc;
  }

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
  ctx.s.db = db;
  ctx.s.xDel = 0;
  ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;

  /* The output cell may already have a buffer allocated. Move
  ** the pointer to ctx.s so in case the user-function can use
................................................................................
  ** the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a new one.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&ctx.s, pOut);
  MemSetTypeFlag(&ctx.s, MEM_Null);

  ctx.isError = 0;
  if( ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
    assert( pOp>p->aOp );
    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
    ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
  }
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  (*ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&ctx, n, apVal);
  if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
................................................................................
case OP_BitAnd:                 /* same as TK_BITAND, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_BitOr:                  /* same as TK_BITOR, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_ShiftLeft:              /* same as TK_LSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_ShiftRight: {           /* same as TK_RSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
  i64 a;
  i64 b;




  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    break;
  }
  a = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
  b = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
................................................................................
** 
** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.
** The result is always an integer.
**
** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
*/
case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */

  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 * * *
** 
** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If the value
** in P1 is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
*/
case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */

  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }else{
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
................................................................................
**
** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
** to have only a real value.
*/
case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string using the
** equivalent of printf().  Blob values are unchanged and
** are afterwards simply interpreted as text.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToText: {                  /* same as TK_TO_TEXT, in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  assert( MEM_Str==(MEM_Blob>>3) );
  pIn1->flags |= (pIn1->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str || db->mallocFailed );
  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
................................................................................
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string first.
** Strings are simply reinterpreted as blobs with no change
** to the underlying data.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToBlob: {                  /* same as TK_TO_BLOB, in1 */

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
    applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str || db->mallocFailed );
    MemSetTypeFlag(pIn1, MEM_Blob);
  }else{
    pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_TypeMask&~MEM_Blob);
................................................................................
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an using the
** equivalent of atoi() or atof() and store 0 if no such conversion 
** is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToNumeric: {                  /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
** The value is currently a real number, drop its fractional part.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToInt: {                  /* same as TK_TO_INT, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** If The value is currently an integer, convert it.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0.0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToReal: {                  /* same as TK_TO_REAL, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */



  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn3->flags)&MEM_Null ){
    /* One or both operands are NULL */
    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
      /* If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set (which will only happen if the operator is
      ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
      ** or not both operands are null.
      */
................................................................................
      res = (pIn1->flags & pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0;
    }else{
      /* SQLITE_NULLEQ is clear and at least one operand is NULL,
      ** then the result is always NULL.
      ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
      */
      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
        pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
        MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
      }else if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
        pc = pOp->p2-1;
      }
      break;
    }
................................................................................
    case OP_Lt:    res = res<0;      break;
    case OP_Le:    res = res<=0;     break;
    case OP_Gt:    res = res>0;      break;
    default:       res = res>=0;     break;
  }

  if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
    pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
    pOut->u.i = res;
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  }else if( res ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }
  break;
................................................................................
  }else{
    assert( p1>0 && p1+n<=p->nMem+1 );
    assert( p2>0 && p2+n<=p->nMem+1 );
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : i;
    REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &p->aMem[p1+idx]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &p->aMem[p2+idx]);
    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );
    pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
    bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&p->aMem[p1+idx], &p->aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
    if( iCompare ){
      if( bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
      break;
    }
  }
  aPermute = 0;
  break;
................................................................................
** give a NULL output.
*/
case OP_And:              /* same as TK_AND, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Or: {             /* same as TK_OR, in1, in2, out3 */
  int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
  int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */


  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    v1 = 2;
  }else{
    v1 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
  }

  if( pIn2->flags & MEM_Null ){
    v2 = 2;
  }else{
    v2 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2)!=0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_And ){
    static const unsigned char and_logic[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 };
    v1 = and_logic[v1*3+v2];
  }else{
    static const unsigned char or_logic[] = { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
    v1 = or_logic[v1*3+v2];
  }

  if( v1==2 ){
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
  }else{
    pOut->u.i = v1;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  }
  break;
................................................................................

/* Opcode: Not P1 P2 * * *
**
** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store the
** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is 
** NULL, then a NULL is stored in P2.
*/
case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1 */

  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, !sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................

/* Opcode: BitNot P1 P2 * * *
**
** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Store the
** ones-complement of the P1 value into register P2.  If P1 holds
** a NULL then store a NULL in P2.
*/
case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, in1 */

  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value is
** is considered true if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
*/
case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
  int c;

  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
#else
    c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.
*/
case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, jump, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  
*/
case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, jump, in1 */

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
................................................................................

  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  pC = 0;
  memset(&sMem, 0, sizeof(sMem));
  assert( p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pDest = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
  zRec = 0;

  /* This block sets the variable payloadSize to be the total number of
  ** bytes in the record.
  **
  ** zRec is set to be the complete text of the record if it is available.
................................................................................
      payloadSize = (u32)payloadSize64;
    }else{
      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
      rc = sqlite3BtreeDataSize(pCrsr, &payloadSize);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* DataSize() cannot fail */
    }
  }else if( pC->pseudoTableReg>0 ){
    pReg = &p->aMem[pC->pseudoTableReg];
    assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
    payloadSize = pReg->n;
    zRec = pReg->z;
    pC->cacheStatus = (pOp->p5&OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE) ? CACHE_STALE : p->cacheCtr;
    assert( payloadSize==0 || zRec!=0 );
  }else{
    /* Consider the row to be NULL */
................................................................................
** Apply affinities to a range of P2 registers starting with P1.
**
** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** memory cell in the range.
*/
case OP_Affinity: {
  char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
  Mem *pData0;       /* First register to which to apply affinity */
  Mem *pLast;        /* Last register to which to apply affinity */
  Mem *pRec;         /* Current register */

  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;


  pData0 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  pLast = &pData0[pOp->p2-1];
  for(pRec=pData0; pRec<=pLast; pRec++){
    ExpandBlob(pRec);
    applyAffinity(pRec, zAffinity[pRec-pData0], encoding);

  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MakeRecord P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**
** Convert P2 registers beginning with P1 into a single entry
................................................................................
  nData = 0;         /* Number of bytes of data space */
  nHdr = 0;          /* Number of bytes of header space */
  nByte = 0;         /* Data space required for this record */
  nZero = 0;         /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
  nField = pOp->p1;
  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( nField>0 && pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+nField<=p->nMem+1 );
  pData0 = &p->aMem[nField];
  nField = pOp->p2;
  pLast = &pData0[nField-1];
  file_format = p->minWriteFileFormat;

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
  */
................................................................................

  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store 
  ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
  ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
  ** sqlite3VdbeMemGrow() could clobber the value before it is used).
  */
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p1 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p1+pOp->p2 );
  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)nByte, 0) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;

  /* Write the record */
  i = putVarint32(zNewRecord, nHdr);
................................................................................

  pCrsr = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->pCursor;
  if( pCrsr ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(pCrsr, &nEntry);
  }else{
    nEntry = 0;
  }
  pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
  pOut->u.i = nEntry;
  break;
}
#endif

/* Opcode: Savepoint P1 * * P4 *
**
................................................................................
  assert( pOp->p3<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<iDb))!=0 );

  sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(db->aDb[iDb].pBt, iCookie, (u32 *)&iMeta);
  pOut->u.i = iMeta;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Write the content of register P3 (interpreted as an integer)
** into cookie number P2 of database P1.  P2==1 is the schema version.  
................................................................................
case OP_SetCookie: {       /* in3 */
  Db *pDb;
  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
  assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );

  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, (int)pIn3->u.i);
  if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
    /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
    pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = (int)pIn3->u.i;
    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
................................................................................
    }
  }else{
    wrFlag = 0;
  }
  if( pOp->p5 ){
    assert( p2>0 );
    assert( p2<=p->nMem );
    pIn2 = &p->aMem[p2];
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
    p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
    ** that opcode will always set the p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
    ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
    ** before reaching this instruction. */
    if( NEVER(p2<2) ) {
................................................................................
  i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p2!=0 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );



  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
    oc = pOp->opcode;
    pC->nullRow = 0;
    if( pC->isTable ){
      /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
      ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
      ** the seek, so covert it. */

      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3);
      iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
      pC->rowidIsValid = 0;

      /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
      ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
................................................................................
        assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)!=0 );

        if( iKey==SMALLEST_INT64 && (pIn3->r<(double)iKey || pIn3->r>0) ){
          /* The P3 value is too large in magnitude to be expressed as an
          ** integer. */
          res = 1;
          if( pIn3->r<0 ){
            if( oc==OP_SeekGt || oc==OP_SeekGe ){
              rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pC->pCursor, &res);
              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
            }
          }else{
            if( oc==OP_SeekLt || oc==OP_SeekLe ){
              rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pC->pCursor, &res);
              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
            }
          }
          if( res ){
            pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
          }
................................................................................
      }
    }else{
      nField = pOp->p4.i;
      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
      assert( nField>0 );
      r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
      r.nField = (u16)nField;


      if( oc==OP_SeekGt || oc==OP_SeekLe ){
        r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY;
      }else{
        r.flags = 0;







      }
      r.aMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];

      rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, &r, 0, 0, &res);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    }
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
    sqlite3_search_count++;
#endif
    if( oc==OP_SeekGe || oc==OP_SeekGt ){
      if( res<0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekGt) ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->pCursor, &res);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
        pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
      }else{
        res = 0;
      }
................................................................................

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( ALWAYS(pC->pCursor!=0) ){
    assert( pC->isTable );
    pC->nullRow = 0;

    pC->movetoTarget = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
    pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    pC->deferredMoveto = 1;
  }
  break;
}
  
................................................................................
#endif

  alreadyExists = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );

  if( ALWAYS(pC->pCursor!=0) ){

    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
      r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
      r.nField = pOp->p4.i;
      r.aMem = pIn3;
................................................................................
** See also: NotFound, NotExists, Found
*/
case OP_IsUnique: {        /* jump, in3 */
  u16 ii;
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  u16 nField;
  Mem *aMem;
  UnpackedRecord r;                  /* B-Tree index search key */
  i64 R;                             /* Rowid stored in register P3 */


  aMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p4.i];
  /* Assert that the values of parameters P1 and P4 are in range. */
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  assert( pOp->p4.i>0 && pOp->p4.i<=p->nMem );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );

  /* Find the index cursor. */
  pCx = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
................................................................................
  pCx->seekResult = 0;
  pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  pCrsr = pCx->pCursor;

  /* If any of the values are NULL, take the jump. */
  nField = pCx->pKeyInfo->nField;
  for(ii=0; ii<nField; ii++){
    if( aMem[ii].flags & MEM_Null ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      pCrsr = 0;
      break;
    }
  }
  assert( (aMem[nField].flags & MEM_Null)==0 );

  if( pCrsr!=0 ){
    /* Populate the index search key. */
    r.pKeyInfo = pCx->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = nField + 1;
    r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
    r.aMem = aMem;

    /* Extract the value of R from register P3. */
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
    R = pIn3->u.i;

    /* Search the B-Tree index. If no conflicting record is found, jump
    ** to P2. Otherwise, copy the rowid of the conflicting record to
................................................................................
*/
case OP_NotExists: {        /* jump, in3 */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
  u64 iKey;


  assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
................................................................................
** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
** instruction.  
*/
case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]!=0 );
  pOut->u.i = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->seqCount++;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  break;
}


/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
................................................................................
          for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
          assert( pOp->p3<=pFrame->nMem );
          pMem = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }else{
          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
          assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
          pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }

        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pMem);
        sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pMem);
        assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
        if( pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || pC->useRandomRowid ){
          rc = SQLITE_FULL;
................................................................................
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
    }
    pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  pOut->u.i = v;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Insert P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** Write an entry into the table of cursor P1.  A new entry is
................................................................................
  VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
  int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
  int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
  const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
  const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */

  pData = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  assert( pC->isTable );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pData);

  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Insert ){
    pKey = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
    assert( pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pKey);
    iKey = pKey->u.i;
  }else{
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_InsertInt );
    iKey = pOp->p3;
  }
................................................................................
case OP_RowKey:
case OP_RowData: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  u32 n;
  i64 n64;

  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];

  /* Note that RowKey and RowData are really exactly the same instruction */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC->isTable || pOp->opcode==OP_RowKey );
  assert( pC->isIndex || pOp->opcode==OP_RowData );
  assert( pC!=0 );
................................................................................
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  if( pC->nullRow ){
    /* Do nothing so that reg[P2] remains NULL */
    break;
  }else if( pC->deferredMoveto ){
    v = pC->movetoTarget;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  }else if( pC->pVtabCursor ){
    pVtab = pC->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
    pModule = pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................
      v = pC->lastRowid;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pC->pCursor, &v);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );  /* Always so because of CursorMoveto() above */
    }
  }
  pOut->u.i = v;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
**
** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
................................................................................
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int nKey;
  const char *zKey;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );

  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(pCrsr!=0) ){
    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      nKey = pIn2->n;
................................................................................
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(pCrsr!=0) ){
    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;
    r.flags = 0;
    r.aMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCrsr, &r, 0, 0, &res);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && res==0 ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(pCrsr);
    }
    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
................................................................................
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  i64 rowid;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;

  if( ALWAYS(pCrsr!=0) ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(pC);
    if( NEVER(rc) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    if( !pC->nullRow ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(db, pCrsr, &rowid);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
      pOut->u.i = rowid;

    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
................................................................................
**
** If the P1 index entry is less than the key value then jump to P2.
** Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
**
** If P5 is non-zero then the key value is increased by an epsilon prior 
** to the comparison.  This makes the opcode work like IdxLE.
*/
case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump, in3 */
case OP_IdxGE: {        /* jump, in3 */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  UnpackedRecord r;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
................................................................................
    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
    if( pOp->p5 ){
      r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY | UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID;
    }else{
      r.flags = UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID;
    }
    r.aMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(pC, &r, &res);
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT ){
      res = -res;
    }else{
      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE );
      res++;
    }
................................................................................
    if( pVdbe->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN && pVdbe->inVtabMethod<2 && pVdbe->pc>=0 ){
      iCnt++;
    }
  }
#else
  iCnt = db->activeVdbeCnt;
#endif

  if( iCnt>1 ){
    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
    p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
  }else{
    iDb = pOp->p3;
    assert( iCnt==1 );
    assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<iDb))!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3BtreeDropTable(db->aDb[iDb].pBt, pOp->p1, &iMoved);
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
    pOut->u.i = iMoved;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iMoved!=0 ){
      sqlite3RootPageMoved(&db->aDb[iDb], iMoved, pOp->p1);
    }
#endif
  }
................................................................................
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p2))!=0 );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(
      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &nChange : 0)
  );
  if( pOp->p3 ){
    p->nChange += nChange;
    if( pOp->p3>0 ){
      p->aMem[pOp->p3].u.i += nChange;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
**
................................................................................
    /* flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
    flags = BTREE_LEAFDATA|BTREE_INTKEY;
  }else{
    flags = BTREE_ZERODATA;
  }
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, flags);
  pOut->u.i = pgno;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ParseSchema P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Read and parse all entries from the SQLITE_MASTER table of database P1
** that match the WHERE clause P4.  P2 is the "force" flag.   Always do
................................................................................
  Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
  
  nRoot = pOp->p2;
  assert( nRoot>0 );
  aRoot = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*(nRoot+1) );
  if( aRoot==0 ) goto no_mem;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pnErr = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  assert( (pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
  pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(j=0; j<nRoot; j++){
    aRoot[j] = (int)sqlite3VdbeIntValue(&pIn1[j]);
  }
  aRoot[j] = 0;
  assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p5))!=0 );
  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, aRoot, nRoot,
................................................................................
/* Opcode: RowSetAdd P1 P2 * * *
**
** Insert the integer value held by register P2 into a boolean index
** held in register P1.
**
** An assertion fails if P2 is not an integer.
*/
case OP_RowSetAdd: {       /* in2 */
  Mem *pIdx;
  Mem *pVal;
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pIdx = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
  pVal = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( (pVal->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  if( (pIdx->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIdx);
    if( (pIdx->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
  }
  sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIdx->u.pRowSet, pVal->u.i);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: RowSetRead P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Extract the smallest value from boolean index P1 and put that value into
** register P3.  Or, if boolean index P1 is initially empty, leave P3
** unchanged and jump to instruction P2.
*/
case OP_RowSetRead: {       /* jump, out3 */
  Mem *pIdx;
  i64 val;
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  pIdx = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( (pIdx->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 
   || sqlite3RowSetNext(pIdx->u.pRowSet, &val)==0
  ){
    /* The boolean index is empty */
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIdx);
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{
    /* A value was pulled from the index */
    assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, val);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: RowSetTest P1 P2 P3 P4
**
** Register P3 is assumed to hold a 64-bit integer value. If register P1
................................................................................
** previously inserted as part of set X (only if it was previously
** inserted as part of some other set).
*/
case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
  int iSet;
  int exists;



  iSet = pOp->p4.i;
  assert( pIn3->flags&MEM_Int );

  /* If there is anything other than a rowset object in memory cell P1,
  ** delete it now and initialize P1 with an empty rowset
  */
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
................................................................................
  Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */

  pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
  pRt = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );
  
  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is 
  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
  ** 
................................................................................

  p->nFrame++;
  pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
  pFrame->lastRowid = db->lastRowid;
  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&p->aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  pc = -1;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
case OP_MemMax: {        /* in2 */
  Mem *pIn1;
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
  if( p->pFrame ){
    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
    pIn1 = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1];
  }else{
    pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);

  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */
................................................................................
**
** If the value of register P1 is 1 or greater, jump to P2.
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfPos: {        /* jump, in1 */

  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i>0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
**
** If the value of register P1 is less than zero, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfNeg: {        /* jump, in1 */

  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i<0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
** The register P1 must contain an integer.  Add literal P3 to the
** value in register P1.  If the result is exactly 0, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfZero: {        /* jump, in1 */

  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p3;
  if( pIn1->u.i==0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
  Mem *pMem;
  Mem *pRec;
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;

  n = pOp->p5;
  assert( n>=0 );
  pRec = &p->aMem[pOp->p2];
  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pRec++){
    apVal[i] = pRec;
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pRec);
  }
  ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  ctx.pMem = pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  pMem->n++;
  ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
  ctx.s.z = 0;
  ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;
  ctx.s.xDel = 0;
  ctx.s.db = db;
  ctx.isError = 0;
................................................................................
** functions that can take varying numbers of arguments.  The
** P4 argument is only needed for the degenerate case where
** the step function was not previously called.
*/
case OP_AggFinal: {
  Mem *pMem;
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
  if( rc ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pMem));
  }
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, encoding);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pMem);
................................................................................
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  VdbeCursor *pCur;
  int res;
  int i;
  Mem **apArg;

  pQuery = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  pArgc = &pQuery[1];
  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pQuery);
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pVtabCursor = pCur->pVtabCursor;
  pVtab = pVtabCursor->pVtab;
  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  Mem *pDest;
  sqlite3_context sContext;

  VdbeCursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pDest = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( pCur->nullRow ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
    break;
  }
  pVtab = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
  assert( pModule->xColumn );
................................................................................
** in register P1 is passed as the zName argument to the xRename method.
*/
case OP_VRename: {
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  Mem *pName;

  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
  pName = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pVtab->pModule->xRename );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pName);
  assert( pName->flags & MEM_Str );
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  rc = pVtab->pModule->xRename(pVtab, pName->z);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
  p->zErrMsg = pVtab->zErrMsg;
................................................................................

  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
  pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
  nArg = pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
  if( ALWAYS(pModule->xUpdate) ){
    apArg = p->apArg;
    pX = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
    for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
      sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pX);
      apArg[i] = pX;
      pX++;
    }
    if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
    rc = pModule->xUpdate(pVtab, nArg, apArg, &rowid);
................................................................................
  p1 = pOp->p1; 
  pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[p1].pBt);
  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
  /* OP_Pagecount is always called from within a read transaction.  The
  ** page count has already been successfully read and cached.  So the
  ** sqlite3PagerPagecount() call above cannot fail. */
  if( ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) ){
    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    pOut->u.i = nPage;
  }
  break;
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
................................................................................
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
      pOp->cnt++;
#if 0
        fprintf(stdout, "%10llu ", elapsed);
        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, origPc, &p->aOp[origPc]);
#endif
    }
#endif

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
................................................................................
    */
#ifndef NDEBUG
    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( p->trace ){
      if( rc!=0 ) fprintf(p->trace,"rc=%d\n",rc);
      if( opProperty & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p2, pOut);
      }
      if( opProperty & OPFLG_OUT3 ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p3, pOut);
      }
    }
#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
#endif  /* NDEBUG */
  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */

  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished with

  else if( flags & MEM_Str ){
    pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
  }else{
    pMem->type = SQLITE_BLOB;
  }
}


















/*
** Allocate VdbeCursor number iCur.  Return a pointer to it.  Return NULL
** if we run out of memory.
*/
static VdbeCursor *allocateCursor(
  Vdbe *p,              /* The virtual machine */
  int iCur,             /* Index of the new VdbeCursor */
................................................................................
  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
  if( p->apCsr[iCur] ){
    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[iCur]);
    p->apCsr[iCur] = 0;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, nByte, 0) ){
    p->apCsr[iCur] = pCx = (VdbeCursor*)pMem->z;
    memset(pCx, 0, sizeof(VdbeCursor));
    pCx->iDb = iDb;
    pCx->nField = nField;
    if( nField ){
      pCx->aType = (u32 *)&pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))];
    }
    if( isBtreeCursor ){
      pCx->pCursor = (BtCursor*)
          &pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))+2*nField*sizeof(u32)];
      sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(pCx->pCursor);
    }
  }
  return pCx;
}

/*
** Try to convert a value into a numeric representation if we can
................................................................................
** After this routine has finished, sqlite3VdbeFinalize() should be
** used to clean up the mess that was left behind.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeExec(
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  int pc;                    /* The program counter */
  Op *aOp = p->aOp;          /* Copy of p->aOp */
  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  u8 checkProgress;          /* True if progress callbacks are enabled */
  int nProgressOps = 0;      /* Opcodes executed since progress callback. */
#endif
  Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
  Mem *pOut = 0;             /* Output operand */

  int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last OP_Compare operation */
  int *aPermute = 0;         /* Permutation of columns for OP_Compare */
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  u64 start;                 /* CPU clock count at start of opcode */
  int origPc;                /* Program counter at start of opcode */
#endif



  /*** INSERT STACK UNION HERE ***/

  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(p);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
................................................................................
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  assert( p->explain==0 );
  p->pResultSet = 0;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  sqlite3VdbeIOTraceSql(p);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  checkProgress = db->xProgress!=0;
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
  if( p->pc==0 
   && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing) || fileExists(db, "vdbe_explain"))
  ){
    int i;
    printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &aOp[i]);
    }
  }
  if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_trace") ){
    p->trace = stdout;
  }
  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
#endif
................................................................................
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
#endif
    pOp = &aOp[pc];

    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( p->trace ){
      if( pc==0 ){
        printf("VDBE Execution Trace:\n");
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
    /* Call the progress callback if it is configured and the required number
    ** of VDBE ops have been executed (either since this invocation of
    ** sqlite3VdbeExec() or since last time the progress callback was called).
    ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
    ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
    */
    if( checkProgress ){
      if( db->nProgressOps==nProgressOps ){
        int prc;
        if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
        prc =db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg);
        if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
        if( prc!=0 ){
          rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
................................................................................
        }
        nProgressOps = 0;
      }
      nProgressOps++;
    }
#endif

    /* On any opcode with the "out2-prerelase" tag, free any
    ** external allocations out of mem[p2] and set mem[p2] to be
    ** an undefined integer.  Opcodes will either fill in the integer
    ** value or convert mem[p2] to a different type.
    */
    assert( pOp->opflags==sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] );
    if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );
      pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
      sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pOut);
      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;


    }

    /* Sanity checking on other operands */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG










    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p1>0 );
      assert( pOp->p1<=p->nMem );

      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, &aMem[pOp->p1]);
    }
    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN2)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );

      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);






    }
    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN3)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );

      REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
    }

    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
      assert( pOp->p2<=p->nMem );



    }
    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p3>0 );
      assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );


    }
#endif
  
    switch( pOp->opcode ){

/*****************************************************************************
** What follows is a massive switch statement where each case implements a
** separate instruction in the virtual machine.  If we follow the usual
** indentation conventions, each case should be indented by 6 spaces.  But
** that is a lot of wasted space on the left margin.  So the code within
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write the current address onto register P1
** and then jump to address P2.
*/
case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump, in1 */


  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  pIn1->u.i = pc;
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Return P1 * * * *
**
** Jump to the next instruction after the address in register P1.
*/
case OP_Return: {           /* in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
  pc = (int)pIn1->u.i;
  break;
}

/* Opcode:  Yield P1 * * * *
**
** Swap the program counter with the value in register P1.
*/
case OP_Yield: {            /* in1 */
  int pcDest;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  pcDest = (int)pIn1->u.i;
  pIn1->u.i = pc;
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  pc = pcDest;
  break;
................................................................................
/* Opcode:  HaltIfNull  P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**
** Check the value in register P3.  If is is NULL then Halt using
** parameter P1, P2, and P4 as if this were a Halt instruction.  If the
** value in register P3 is not NULL, then this routine is a no-op.
*/
case OP_HaltIfNull: {      /* in3 */
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ) break;
  /* Fall through into OP_Halt */
}

/* Opcode:  Halt P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Exit immediately.  All open cursors, etc are closed
................................................................................
      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
    }
    aOp = p->aOp;
    aMem = p->aMem;
    break;
  }

  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
  p->pc = pc;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: Integer P1 P2 * * *
**
** The 32-bit integer value P1 is written into register P2.
*/
case OP_Integer: {         /* out2-prerelease */

  pOut->u.i = pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Int64 * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value.
** Write that value into register P2.
*/
case OP_Int64: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p4.pI64!=0 );

  pOut->u.i = *pOp->p4.pI64;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Real * P2 * P4 *
**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: Null * P2 * * *
**
** Write a NULL into register P2.
*/
case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  break;
}


/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4
**
** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
................................................................................
  assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || pOp->p3==1 || pOp->p3==0 );

  while( n-- > 0 ){
    pVar = &p->aVar[p1++];
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pVar) ){
      goto too_big;
    }
    pOut = &aMem[p2++];
    sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(pOut);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pVar, MEM_Static);
    UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................

  n = pOp->p3;
  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( n>0 && p1>0 && p2>0 );
  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );

  pIn1 = &aMem[p1];
  pOut = &aMem[p2];
  while( n-- ){
    assert( pOut<=&aMem[p->nMem] );
    assert( pIn1<=&aMem[p->nMem] );
    zMalloc = pOut->zMalloc;
    pOut->zMalloc = 0;
    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);
    pIn1->zMalloc = zMalloc;
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
    pIn1++;
    pOut++;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: Copy P1 P2 * * *
**
** Make a copy of register P1 into register P2.
**
** This instruction makes a deep copy of the value.  A duplicate
** is made of any string or blob constant.  See also OP_SCopy.
*/
case OP_Copy: {             /* in1, out2 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];

  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
  Deephemeralize(pOut);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  break;
}

................................................................................
** is a string or blob, then the copy is only a pointer to the
** original and hence if the original changes so will the copy.
** Worse, if the original is deallocated, the copy becomes invalid.
** Thus the program must guarantee that the original will not change
** during the lifetime of the copy.  Use OP_Copy to make a complete
** copy.
*/
case OP_SCopy: {            /* in1, out2 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];


  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOut!=pIn1 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ResultRow P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
  /* Invalidate all ephemeral cursor row caches */
  p->cacheCtr = (p->cacheCtr + 2)|1;

  /* Make sure the results of the current row are \000 terminated
  ** and have an assigned type.  The results are de-ephemeralized as
  ** as side effect.
  */
  pMem = p->pResultSet = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(i=0; i<pOp->p2; i++){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(&pMem[i]);
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(&pMem[i]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1+i, &pMem[i]);
  }
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;

................................................................................
** It is illegal for P1 and P3 to be the same register. Sometimes,
** if P3 is the same register as P2, the implementation is able
** to avoid a memcpy().
*/
case OP_Concat: {           /* same as TK_CONCAT, in1, in2, out3 */
  i64 nByte;

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pIn1!=pOut );
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    break;
  }
  if( ExpandBlob(pIn1) || ExpandBlob(pIn2) ) goto no_mem;
  Stringify(pIn1, encoding);
................................................................................
case OP_Remainder: {           /* same as TK_REM, in1, in2, out3 */
  int flags;      /* Combined MEM_* flags from both inputs */
  i64 iA;         /* Integer value of left operand */
  i64 iB;         /* Integer value of right operand */
  double rA;      /* Real value of left operand */
  double rB;      /* Real value of right operand */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  applyNumericAffinity(pIn1);
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  applyNumericAffinity(pIn2);
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  flags = pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags;
  if( (flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ) goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
  if( (pIn1->flags & pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)==MEM_Int ){
    iA = pIn1->u.i;
    iB = pIn2->u.i;
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:         iB += iA;       break;
................................................................................

  n = pOp->p5;
  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );

  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=p->nMem+1) );
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
  pArg = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
    apVal[i] = pArg;
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pArg);
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pArg);
  }

  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF || pOp->p4type==P4_VDBEFUNC );
................................................................................
    ctx.pVdbeFunc = 0;
  }else{
    ctx.pVdbeFunc = (VdbeFunc*)pOp->p4.pVdbeFunc;
    ctx.pFunc = ctx.pVdbeFunc->pFunc;
  }

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
  ctx.s.db = db;
  ctx.s.xDel = 0;
  ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;

  /* The output cell may already have a buffer allocated. Move
  ** the pointer to ctx.s so in case the user-function can use
................................................................................
  ** the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a new one.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&ctx.s, pOut);
  MemSetTypeFlag(&ctx.s, MEM_Null);

  ctx.isError = 0;
  if( ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
    assert( pOp>aOp );
    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
    ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
  }
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  (*ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&ctx, n, apVal);
  if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
................................................................................
case OP_BitAnd:                 /* same as TK_BITAND, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_BitOr:                  /* same as TK_BITOR, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_ShiftLeft:              /* same as TK_LSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_ShiftRight: {           /* same as TK_RSHIFT, in1, in2, out3 */
  i64 a;
  i64 b;

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn2->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    break;
  }
  a = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
  b = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
................................................................................
** 
** Add the constant P2 to the value in register P1.
** The result is always an integer.
**
** To force any register to be an integer, just add 0.
*/
case OP_AddImm: {            /* in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p2;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MustBeInt P1 P2 * * *
** 
** Force the value in register P1 to be an integer.  If the value
** in P1 is not an integer and cannot be converted into an integer
** without data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
*/
case OP_MustBeInt: {            /* jump, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, encoding);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }else{
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
................................................................................
**
** This opcode is used when extracting information from a column that
** has REAL affinity.  Such column values may still be stored as
** integers, for space efficiency, but after extraction we want them
** to have only a real value.
*/
case OP_RealAffinity: {                  /* in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string using the
** equivalent of printf().  Blob values are unchanged and
** are afterwards simply interpreted as text.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToText: {                  /* same as TK_TO_TEXT, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  assert( MEM_Str==(MEM_Blob>>3) );
  pIn1->flags |= (pIn1->flags&MEM_Blob)>>3;
  applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
  assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str || db->mallocFailed );
  pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
................................................................................
** If the value is numeric, convert it to a string first.
** Strings are simply reinterpreted as blobs with no change
** to the underlying data.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToBlob: {                  /* same as TK_TO_BLOB, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ) break;
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
    applyAffinity(pIn1, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
    assert( pIn1->flags & MEM_Str || db->mallocFailed );
    MemSetTypeFlag(pIn1, MEM_Blob);
  }else{
    pIn1->flags &= ~(MEM_TypeMask&~MEM_Blob);
................................................................................
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an using the
** equivalent of atoi() or atof() and store 0 if no such conversion 
** is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToNumeric: {                  /* same as TK_TO_NUMERIC, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
** The value is currently a real number, drop its fractional part.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToInt: {                  /* same as TK_TO_INT, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
................................................................................
** If The value is currently an integer, convert it.
** If the value is text or blob, try to convert it to an integer using the
** equivalent of atoi() and store 0.0 if no such conversion is possible.
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_ToReal: {                  /* same as TK_TO_REAL, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */

................................................................................
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */
  char affinity;      /* Affinity to use for comparison */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( (pIn1->flags | pIn3->flags)&MEM_Null ){
    /* One or both operands are NULL */
    if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ ){
      /* If SQLITE_NULLEQ is set (which will only happen if the operator is
      ** OP_Eq or OP_Ne) then take the jump or not depending on whether
      ** or not both operands are null.
      */
................................................................................
      res = (pIn1->flags & pIn3->flags & MEM_Null)==0;
    }else{
      /* SQLITE_NULLEQ is clear and at least one operand is NULL,
      ** then the result is always NULL.
      ** The jump is taken if the SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL bit is set.
      */
      if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
        pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
        MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
      }else if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL ){
        pc = pOp->p2-1;
      }
      break;
    }
................................................................................
    case OP_Lt:    res = res<0;      break;
    case OP_Le:    res = res<=0;     break;
    case OP_Gt:    res = res>0;      break;
    default:       res = res>=0;     break;
  }

  if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
    pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
    pOut->u.i = res;
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  }else if( res ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }
  break;
................................................................................
  }else{
    assert( p1>0 && p1+n<=p->nMem+1 );
    assert( p2>0 && p2+n<=p->nMem+1 );
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    idx = aPermute ? aPermute[i] : i;
    REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &aMem[p1+idx]);
    REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &aMem[p2+idx]);
    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );
    pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
    bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
    iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[p1+idx], &aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
    if( iCompare ){
      if( bRev ) iCompare = -iCompare;
      break;
    }
  }
  aPermute = 0;
  break;
................................................................................
** give a NULL output.
*/
case OP_And:              /* same as TK_AND, in1, in2, out3 */
case OP_Or: {             /* same as TK_OR, in1, in2, out3 */
  int v1;    /* Left operand:  0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */
  int v2;    /* Right operand: 0==FALSE, 1==TRUE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    v1 = 2;
  }else{
    v1 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
  }
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  if( pIn2->flags & MEM_Null ){
    v2 = 2;
  }else{
    v2 = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2)!=0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_And ){
    static const unsigned char and_logic[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 };
    v1 = and_logic[v1*3+v2];
  }else{
    static const unsigned char or_logic[] = { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
    v1 = or_logic[v1*3+v2];
  }
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( v1==2 ){
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
  }else{
    pOut->u.i = v1;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
  }
  break;
................................................................................

/* Opcode: Not P1 P2 * * *
**
** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store the
** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is 
** NULL, then a NULL is stored in P2.
*/
case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1, out2 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, !sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................

/* Opcode: BitNot P1 P2 * * *
**
** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Store the
** ones-complement of the P1 value into register P2.  If P1 holds
** a NULL then store a NULL in P2.
*/
case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, in1, out2 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value is
** is considered true if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
*/
case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
  int c;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    c = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1)!=0;
#else
    c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
................................................................................
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.
*/
case OP_IsNull: {            /* same as TK_ISNULL, jump, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: NotNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is not NULL.  
*/
case OP_NotNull: {            /* same as TK_NOTNULL, jump, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
................................................................................

  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  pC = 0;
  memset(&sMem, 0, sizeof(sMem));
  assert( p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
  zRec = 0;

  /* This block sets the variable payloadSize to be the total number of
  ** bytes in the record.
  **
  ** zRec is set to be the complete text of the record if it is available.
................................................................................
      payloadSize = (u32)payloadSize64;
    }else{
      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
      rc = sqlite3BtreeDataSize(pCrsr, &payloadSize);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );   /* DataSize() cannot fail */
    }
  }else if( pC->pseudoTableReg>0 ){
    pReg = &aMem[pC->pseudoTableReg];
    assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
    payloadSize = pReg->n;
    zRec = pReg->z;
    pC->cacheStatus = (pOp->p5&OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE) ? CACHE_STALE : p->cacheCtr;
    assert( payloadSize==0 || zRec!=0 );
  }else{
    /* Consider the row to be NULL */
................................................................................
** Apply affinities to a range of P2 registers starting with P1.
**
** P4 is a string that is P2 characters long. The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** memory cell in the range.
*/
case OP_Affinity: {
  const char *zAffinity;   /* The affinity to be applied */
  char cAff;               /* A single character of affinity */



  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( zAffinity!=0 );
  assert( zAffinity[pOp->p2]==0 );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  while( (cAff = *(zAffinity++))!=0 ){
    assert( pIn1 <= &p->aMem[p->nMem] );
    ExpandBlob(pIn1);
    applyAffinity(pIn1, cAff, encoding);
    pIn1++;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MakeRecord P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**
** Convert P2 registers beginning with P1 into a single entry
................................................................................
  nData = 0;         /* Number of bytes of data space */
  nHdr = 0;          /* Number of bytes of header space */
  nByte = 0;         /* Data space required for this record */
  nZero = 0;         /* Number of zero bytes at the end of the record */
  nField = pOp->p1;
  zAffinity = pOp->p4.z;
  assert( nField>0 && pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+nField<=p->nMem+1 );
  pData0 = &aMem[nField];
  nField = pOp->p2;
  pLast = &pData0[nField-1];
  file_format = p->minWriteFileFormat;

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
  */
................................................................................

  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store 
  ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
  ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
  ** sqlite3VdbeMemGrow() could clobber the value before it is used).
  */
  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p1 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p1+pOp->p2 );
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pOut, (int)nByte, 0) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;

  /* Write the record */
  i = putVarint32(zNewRecord, nHdr);
................................................................................

  pCrsr = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->pCursor;
  if( pCrsr ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeCount(pCrsr, &nEntry);
  }else{
    nEntry = 0;
  }

  pOut->u.i = nEntry;
  break;
}
#endif

/* Opcode: Savepoint P1 * * P4 *
**
................................................................................
  assert( pOp->p3<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<iDb))!=0 );

  sqlite3BtreeGetMeta(db->aDb[iDb].pBt, iCookie, (u32 *)&iMeta);
  pOut->u.i = iMeta;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: SetCookie P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Write the content of register P3 (interpreted as an integer)
** into cookie number P2 of database P1.  P2==1 is the schema version.  
................................................................................
case OP_SetCookie: {       /* in3 */
  Db *pDb;
  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p1))!=0 );
  pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
  assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(pDb->pBt, pOp->p2, (int)pIn3->u.i);
  if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
    /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
    pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = (int)pIn3->u.i;
    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
................................................................................
    }
  }else{
    wrFlag = 0;
  }
  if( pOp->p5 ){
    assert( p2>0 );
    assert( p2<=p->nMem );
    pIn2 = &aMem[p2];
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
    p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
    ** that opcode will always set the p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
    ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
    ** before reaching this instruction. */
    if( NEVER(p2<2) ) {
................................................................................
  i64 iKey;      /* The rowid we are to seek to */

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p2!=0 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  assert( OP_SeekLe == OP_SeekLt+1 );
  assert( OP_SeekGe == OP_SeekLt+2 );
  assert( OP_SeekGt == OP_SeekLt+3 );
  if( pC->pCursor!=0 ){
    oc = pOp->opcode;
    pC->nullRow = 0;
    if( pC->isTable ){
      /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
      ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
      ** the seek, so covert it. */
      pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3);
      iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
      pC->rowidIsValid = 0;

      /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
      ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */
      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
................................................................................
        assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Real)!=0 );

        if( iKey==SMALLEST_INT64 && (pIn3->r<(double)iKey || pIn3->r>0) ){
          /* The P3 value is too large in magnitude to be expressed as an
          ** integer. */
          res = 1;
          if( pIn3->r<0 ){
            if( oc>=OP_SeekGe ){  assert( oc==OP_SeekGe || oc==OP_SeekGt );
              rc = sqlite3BtreeFirst(pC->pCursor, &res);
              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
            }
          }else{
            if( oc<=OP_SeekLe ){  assert( oc==OP_SeekLt || oc==OP_SeekLe );
              rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pC->pCursor, &res);
              if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
            }
          }
          if( res ){
            pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
          }
................................................................................
      }
    }else{
      nField = pOp->p4.i;
      assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
      assert( nField>0 );
      r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
      r.nField = (u16)nField;

      /* The next line of code computes as follows, only faster:
      **   if( oc==OP_SeekGt || oc==OP_SeekLe ){
      **     r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY;
      **   }else{
      **     r.flags = 0;
      **   }
      */
      r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY * (1 & (oc - OP_SeekLt));
      assert( oc!=OP_SeekGt || r.flags==UNPACKED_INCRKEY );
      assert( oc!=OP_SeekLe || r.flags==UNPACKED_INCRKEY );
      assert( oc!=OP_SeekGe || r.flags==0 );
      assert( oc!=OP_SeekLt || r.flags==0 );

      r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
      ExpandBlob(r.aMem);
      rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, &r, 0, 0, &res);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
      pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    }
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
    sqlite3_search_count++;
#endif
    if( oc>=OP_SeekGe ){  assert( oc==OP_SeekGe || oc==OP_SeekGt );
      if( res<0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekGt) ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->pCursor, &res);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
        pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
      }else{
        res = 0;
      }
................................................................................

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( ALWAYS(pC->pCursor!=0) ){
    assert( pC->isTable );
    pC->nullRow = 0;
    pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    pC->movetoTarget = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn2);
    pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    pC->deferredMoveto = 1;
  }
  break;
}
  
................................................................................
#endif

  alreadyExists = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( ALWAYS(pC->pCursor!=0) ){

    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
      r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
      r.nField = pOp->p4.i;
      r.aMem = pIn3;
................................................................................
** See also: NotFound, NotExists, Found
*/
case OP_IsUnique: {        /* jump, in3 */
  u16 ii;
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  u16 nField;
  Mem *aMx;
  UnpackedRecord r;                  /* B-Tree index search key */
  i64 R;                             /* Rowid stored in register P3 */

  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  aMx = &aMem[pOp->p4.i];
  /* Assert that the values of parameters P1 and P4 are in range. */
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  assert( pOp->p4.i>0 && pOp->p4.i<=p->nMem );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );

  /* Find the index cursor. */
  pCx = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
................................................................................
  pCx->seekResult = 0;
  pCx->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  pCrsr = pCx->pCursor;

  /* If any of the values are NULL, take the jump. */
  nField = pCx->pKeyInfo->nField;
  for(ii=0; ii<nField; ii++){
    if( aMx[ii].flags & MEM_Null ){
      pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
      pCrsr = 0;
      break;
    }
  }
  assert( (aMx[nField].flags & MEM_Null)==0 );

  if( pCrsr!=0 ){
    /* Populate the index search key. */
    r.pKeyInfo = pCx->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = nField + 1;
    r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
    r.aMem = aMx;

    /* Extract the value of R from register P3. */
    sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn3);
    R = pIn3->u.i;

    /* Search the B-Tree index. If no conflicting record is found, jump
    ** to P2. Otherwise, copy the rowid of the conflicting record to
................................................................................
*/
case OP_NotExists: {        /* jump, in3 */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int res;
  u64 iKey;

  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->isTable );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
................................................................................
** The sequence number on the cursor is incremented after this
** instruction.  
*/
case OP_Sequence: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  assert( p->apCsr[pOp->p1]!=0 );
  pOut->u.i = p->apCsr[pOp->p1]->seqCount++;

  break;
}


/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
................................................................................
          for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
          assert( pOp->p3<=pFrame->nMem );
          pMem = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }else{
          /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
          assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
          pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
        }

        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pMem);
        sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pMem);
        assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
        if( pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || pC->useRandomRowid ){
          rc = SQLITE_FULL;
................................................................................
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
    }
    pC->rowidIsValid = 0;
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }

  pOut->u.i = v;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Insert P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
** Write an entry into the table of cursor P1.  A new entry is
................................................................................
  VdbeCursor *pC;   /* Cursor to table into which insert is written */
  int nZero;        /* Number of zero-bytes to append */
  int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
  const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
  const char *zTbl; /* Table name - used by the opdate hook */
  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */

  pData = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->pCursor!=0 );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  assert( pC->isTable );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pData);

  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Insert ){
    pKey = &aMem[pOp->p3];
    assert( pKey->flags & MEM_Int );
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pKey);
    iKey = pKey->u.i;
  }else{
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_InsertInt );
    iKey = pOp->p3;
  }
................................................................................
case OP_RowKey:
case OP_RowData: {
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  u32 n;
  i64 n64;

  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];

  /* Note that RowKey and RowData are really exactly the same instruction */
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC->isTable || pOp->opcode==OP_RowKey );
  assert( pC->isIndex || pOp->opcode==OP_RowData );
  assert( pC!=0 );
................................................................................
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( pC->pseudoTableReg==0 );
  if( pC->nullRow ){
    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    break;
  }else if( pC->deferredMoveto ){
    v = pC->movetoTarget;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  }else if( pC->pVtabCursor ){
    pVtab = pC->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
    pModule = pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................
      v = pC->lastRowid;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pC->pCursor, &v);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );  /* Always so because of CursorMoveto() above */
    }
  }
  pOut->u.i = v;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: NullRow P1 * * * *
**
** Move the cursor P1 to a null row.  Any OP_Column operations
** that occur while the cursor is on the null row will always
................................................................................
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  int nKey;
  const char *zKey;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( pIn2->flags & MEM_Blob );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(pCrsr!=0) ){
    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      nKey = pIn2->n;
................................................................................
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
  if( ALWAYS(pCrsr!=0) ){
    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = (u16)pOp->p3;
    r.flags = 0;
    r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCrsr, &r, 0, 0, &res);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && res==0 ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreeDelete(pCrsr);
    }
    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
  }
................................................................................
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  i64 rowid;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  if( ALWAYS(pCrsr!=0) ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(pC);
    if( NEVER(rc) ) goto abort_due_to_error;
    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    if( !pC->nullRow ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(db, pCrsr, &rowid);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }

      pOut->u.i = rowid;
      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxGE P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
**
................................................................................
**
** If the P1 index entry is less than the key value then jump to P2.
** Otherwise fall through to the next instruction.
**
** If P5 is non-zero then the key value is increased by an epsilon prior 
** to the comparison.  This makes the opcode work like IdxLE.
*/
case OP_IdxLT:          /* jump */
case OP_IdxGE: {        /* jump */
  VdbeCursor *pC;
  int res;
  UnpackedRecord r;

  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
................................................................................
    r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
    r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
    if( pOp->p5 ){
      r.flags = UNPACKED_INCRKEY | UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID;
    }else{
      r.flags = UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID;
    }
    r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(pC, &r, &res);
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT ){
      res = -res;
    }else{
      assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE );
      res++;
    }
................................................................................
    if( pVdbe->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN && pVdbe->inVtabMethod<2 && pVdbe->pc>=0 ){
      iCnt++;
    }
  }
#else
  iCnt = db->activeVdbeCnt;
#endif
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  if( iCnt>1 ){
    rc = SQLITE_LOCKED;
    p->errorAction = OE_Abort;
  }else{
    iDb = pOp->p3;
    assert( iCnt==1 );
    assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<iDb))!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3BtreeDropTable(db->aDb[iDb].pBt, pOp->p1, &iMoved);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    pOut->u.i = iMoved;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iMoved!=0 ){
      sqlite3RootPageMoved(&db->aDb[iDb], iMoved, pOp->p1);
    }
#endif
  }
................................................................................
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p2))!=0 );
  rc = sqlite3BtreeClearTable(
      db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, pOp->p1, (pOp->p3 ? &nChange : 0)
  );
  if( pOp->p3 ){
    p->nChange += nChange;
    if( pOp->p3>0 ){
      aMem[pOp->p3].u.i += nChange;
    }
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
**
................................................................................
    /* flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
    flags = BTREE_LEAFDATA|BTREE_INTKEY;
  }else{
    flags = BTREE_ZERODATA;
  }
  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, flags);
  pOut->u.i = pgno;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: ParseSchema P1 P2 * P4 *
**
** Read and parse all entries from the SQLITE_MASTER table of database P1
** that match the WHERE clause P4.  P2 is the "force" flag.   Always do
................................................................................
  Mem *pnErr;     /* Register keeping track of errors remaining */
  
  nRoot = pOp->p2;
  assert( nRoot>0 );
  aRoot = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int)*(nRoot+1) );
  if( aRoot==0 ) goto no_mem;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  assert( (pnErr->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  for(j=0; j<nRoot; j++){
    aRoot[j] = (int)sqlite3VdbeIntValue(&pIn1[j]);
  }
  aRoot[j] = 0;
  assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
  assert( (p->btreeMask & (1<<pOp->p5))!=0 );
  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, aRoot, nRoot,
................................................................................
/* Opcode: RowSetAdd P1 P2 * * *
**
** Insert the integer value held by register P2 into a boolean index
** held in register P1.
**
** An assertion fails if P2 is not an integer.
*/
case OP_RowSetAdd: {       /* in1, in2 */



  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];

  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(pIn1);
    if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ) goto no_mem;
  }
  sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn2->u.i);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: RowSetRead P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Extract the smallest value from boolean index P1 and put that value into
** register P3.  Or, if boolean index P1 is initially empty, leave P3
** unchanged and jump to instruction P2.
*/
case OP_RowSetRead: {       /* jump, in1, out3 */

  i64 val;

  CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPT;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];

  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 
   || sqlite3RowSetNext(pIn1->u.pRowSet, &val)==0
  ){
    /* The boolean index is empty */
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{
    /* A value was pulled from the index */

    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(&aMem[pOp->p3], val);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: RowSetTest P1 P2 P3 P4
**
** Register P3 is assumed to hold a 64-bit integer value. If register P1
................................................................................
** previously inserted as part of set X (only if it was previously
** inserted as part of some other set).
*/
case OP_RowSetTest: {                     /* jump, in1, in3 */
  int iSet;
  int exists;

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  iSet = pOp->p4.i;
  assert( pIn3->flags&MEM_Int );

  /* If there is anything other than a rowset object in memory cell P1,
  ** delete it now and initialize P1 with an empty rowset
  */
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 ){
................................................................................
  Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */

  pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
  pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );
  
  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is 
  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
  ** 
................................................................................

  p->nFrame++;
  pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
  pFrame->lastRowid = db->lastRowid;
  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  pc = -1;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
case OP_MemMax: {        /* in2 */
  Mem *pIn1;
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
  if( p->pFrame ){
    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
    pIn1 = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1];
  }else{
    pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  pIn2 = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }
  break;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */
................................................................................
**
** If the value of register P1 is 1 or greater, jump to P2.
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfPos: {        /* jump, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i>0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
**
** If the value of register P1 is less than zero, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfNeg: {        /* jump, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
  if( pIn1->u.i<0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................
** The register P1 must contain an integer.  Add literal P3 to the
** value in register P1.  If the result is exactly 0, jump to P2. 
**
** It is illegal to use this instruction on a register that does
** not contain an integer.  An assertion fault will result if you try.
*/
case OP_IfZero: {        /* jump, in1 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pIn1->flags&MEM_Int );
  pIn1->u.i += pOp->p3;
  if( pIn1->u.i==0 ){
     pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}
................................................................................
  Mem *pMem;
  Mem *pRec;
  sqlite3_context ctx;
  sqlite3_value **apVal;

  n = pOp->p5;
  assert( n>=0 );
  pRec = &aMem[pOp->p2];
  apVal = p->apArg;
  assert( apVal || n==0 );
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pRec++){
    apVal[i] = pRec;
    sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pRec);
  }
  ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  ctx.pMem = pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  pMem->n++;
  ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
  ctx.s.z = 0;
  ctx.s.zMalloc = 0;
  ctx.s.xDel = 0;
  ctx.s.db = db;
  ctx.isError = 0;
................................................................................
** functions that can take varying numbers of arguments.  The
** P4 argument is only needed for the degenerate case where
** the step function was not previously called.
*/
case OP_AggFinal: {
  Mem *pMem;
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pMem = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Agg))==0 );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(pMem, pOp->p4.pFunc);
  if( rc ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pMem));
  }
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, encoding);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pMem);
................................................................................
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor;
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  VdbeCursor *pCur;
  int res;
  int i;
  Mem **apArg;

  pQuery = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  pArgc = &pQuery[1];
  pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pQuery);
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  pVtabCursor = pCur->pVtabCursor;
  pVtab = pVtabCursor->pVtab;
  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
................................................................................
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;
  Mem *pDest;
  sqlite3_context sContext;

  VdbeCursor *pCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pCur->pVtabCursor );
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  if( pCur->nullRow ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
    break;
  }
  pVtab = pCur->pVtabCursor->pVtab;
  pModule = pVtab->pModule;
  assert( pModule->xColumn );
................................................................................
** in register P1 is passed as the zName argument to the xRename method.
*/
case OP_VRename: {
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
  Mem *pName;

  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
  pName = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( pVtab->pModule->xRename );
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pName);
  assert( pName->flags & MEM_Str );
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  rc = pVtab->pModule->xRename(pVtab, pName->z);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
  p->zErrMsg = pVtab->zErrMsg;
................................................................................

  pVtab = pOp->p4.pVtab->pVtab;
  pModule = (sqlite3_module *)pVtab->pModule;
  nArg = pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_VTAB );
  if( ALWAYS(pModule->xUpdate) ){
    apArg = p->apArg;
    pX = &aMem[pOp->p3];
    for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
      sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(pX);
      apArg[i] = pX;
      pX++;
    }
    if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
    rc = pModule->xUpdate(pVtab, nArg, apArg, &rowid);
................................................................................
  p1 = pOp->p1; 
  pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(db->aDb[p1].pBt);
  rc = sqlite3PagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
  /* OP_Pagecount is always called from within a read transaction.  The
  ** page count has already been successfully read and cached.  So the
  ** sqlite3PagerPagecount() call above cannot fail. */
  if( ALWAYS(rc==SQLITE_OK) ){

    pOut->u.i = nPage;
  }
  break;
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
................................................................................
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
      pOp->cnt++;
#if 0
        fprintf(stdout, "%10llu ", elapsed);
        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, origPc, &aOp[origPc]);
#endif
    }
#endif

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through
................................................................................
    */
#ifndef NDEBUG
    assert( pc>=-1 && pc<p->nOp );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( p->trace ){
      if( rc!=0 ) fprintf(p->trace,"rc=%d\n",rc);
      if( pOp->opflags & (OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE|OPFLG_OUT2) ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p2, &aMem[pOp->p2]);
      }
      if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT3 ){
        registerTrace(p->trace, pOp->p3, &aMem[pOp->p3]);
      }
    }
#endif  /* SQLITE_DEBUG */
#endif  /* NDEBUG */
  }  /* The end of the for(;;) loop the loops through opcodes */

  /* If we reach this point, it means that execution is finished with

** A single instruction of the virtual machine has an opcode
** and as many as three operands.  The instruction is recorded
** as an instance of the following structure:
*/
struct VdbeOp {
  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
  signed char p4type; /* One of the P4_xxx constants for p4 */
  u8 opflags;         /* Not currently used */
  u8 p5;              /* Fifth parameter is an unsigned character */
  int p1;             /* First operand */
  int p2;             /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
  int p3;             /* The third parameter */
  union {             /* fourth parameter */
    int i;                 /* Integer value if p4type==P4_INT32 */
    void *p;               /* Generic pointer */

** A single instruction of the virtual machine has an opcode
** and as many as three operands.  The instruction is recorded
** as an instance of the following structure:
*/
struct VdbeOp {
  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
  signed char p4type; /* One of the P4_xxx constants for p4 */
  u8 opflags;         /* Mask of the OPFLG_* flags in opcodes.h */
  u8 p5;              /* Fifth parameter is an unsigned character */
  int p1;             /* First operand */
  int p2;             /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
  int p3;             /* The third parameter */
  union {             /* fourth parameter */
    int i;                 /* Integer value if p4type==P4_INT32 */
    void *p;               /* Generic pointer */

int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,int,int,int,Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
int sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(int, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
void sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(Mem *pMem);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY

int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,int,int,int,Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);

int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
void sqlite3VdbeMemStoreType(Mem *pMem);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY

** label by setting the P2 value to its correct non-zero value.
**
** This routine is called once after all opcodes have been inserted.
**
** Variable *pMaxFuncArgs is set to the maximum value of any P2 argument 
** to an OP_Function, OP_AggStep or OP_VFilter opcode. This is used by 
** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() to size the Vdbe.apArg[] array.


*/
static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
  int i;
  int nMaxArgs = *pMaxFuncArgs;
  Op *pOp;
  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
  p->readOnly = 1;
  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
    u8 opcode = pOp->opcode;


    if( opcode==OP_Function || opcode==OP_AggStep ){
      if( pOp->p5>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p5;


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    }else if( opcode==OP_VUpdate ){
      if( pOp->p2>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p2;
#endif
    }else if( opcode==OP_Transaction && pOp->p2!=0 ){
      p->readOnly = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    }else if( opcode==OP_VFilter ){
      int n;
      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
      n = pOp[-1].p1;
      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
#endif
    }

    if( sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(opcode, OPFLG_JUMP) && pOp->p2<0 ){
      assert( -1-pOp->p2<p->nLabel );
      pOp->p2 = aLabel[-1-pOp->p2];
    }
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->aLabel);
  p->aLabel = 0;

................................................................................
    int i;
    VdbeOpList const *pIn = aOp;
    for(i=0; i<nOp; i++, pIn++){
      int p2 = pIn->p2;
      VdbeOp *pOut = &p->aOp[i+addr];
      pOut->opcode = pIn->opcode;
      pOut->p1 = pIn->p1;
      if( p2<0 && sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(pOut->opcode, OPFLG_JUMP) ){
        pOut->p2 = addr + ADDR(p2);
      }else{
        pOut->p2 = p2;
      }
      pOut->p3 = pIn->p3;
      pOut->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
      pOut->p4.p = 0;
................................................................................
  const unsigned char *aKey1 = (const unsigned char *)pKey1;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  Mem mem1;

  pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo;
  mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
  mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
  mem1.flags = 0;









  mem1.u.i = 0;  /* not needed, here to silence compiler warning */
  mem1.zMalloc = 0;
  
  idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
  d1 = szHdr1;
  if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID ){
    szHdr1--;
  }
  nField = pKeyInfo->nField;
................................................................................
    d1 += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type1, &mem1);

    /* Do the comparison
    */
    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i],
                           i<nField ? pKeyInfo->aColl[i] : 0);
    if( rc!=0 ){
      break;



















    }
    i++;
  }

  /* No memory allocation is ever used on mem1. */

  if( NEVER(mem1.zMalloc) ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&mem1);

  /* If the PREFIX_SEARCH flag is set and all fields except the final
  ** rowid field were equal, then clear the PREFIX_SEARCH flag and set 
  ** pPKey2->rowid to the value of the rowid field in (pKey1, nKey1).
  ** This is used by the OP_IsUnique opcode.
  */
  if( (pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH) && i==(pPKey2->nField-1) ){
    assert( idx1==szHdr1 && rc );
    assert( mem1.flags & MEM_Int );
    pPKey2->flags &= ~UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
    pPKey2->rowid = mem1.u.i;
  }

  if( rc==0 ){
    /* rc==0 here means that one of the keys ran out of fields and
    ** all the fields up to that point were equal. If the UNPACKED_INCRKEY
    ** flag is set, then break the tie by treating key2 as larger.
    ** If the UPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH flag is set, then keys with common prefixes
    ** are considered to be equal.  Otherwise, the longer key is the 
    ** larger.  As it happens, the pPKey2 will always be the longer
    ** if there is a difference.
    */

    if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_INCRKEY ){
      rc = -1;
    }else if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH ){
      /* Leave rc==0 */
    }else if( idx1<szHdr1 ){
      rc = 1;
    }
  }else if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder && i<pKeyInfo->nField
               && pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
    rc = -rc;
  }

  return rc;
}
 

/*
** pCur points at an index entry created using the OP_MakeRecord opcode.
** Read the rowid (the last field in the record) and store it in *rowid.

** label by setting the P2 value to its correct non-zero value.
**
** This routine is called once after all opcodes have been inserted.
**
** Variable *pMaxFuncArgs is set to the maximum value of any P2 argument 
** to an OP_Function, OP_AggStep or OP_VFilter opcode. This is used by 
** sqlite3VdbeMakeReady() to size the Vdbe.apArg[] array.
**
** The Op.opflags field is set on all opcodes.
*/
static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
  int i;
  int nMaxArgs = *pMaxFuncArgs;
  Op *pOp;
  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
  p->readOnly = 1;
  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
    u8 opcode = pOp->opcode;

    pOp->opflags = sqlite3OpcodeProperty[opcode];
    if( opcode==OP_Function || opcode==OP_AggStep ){
      if( pOp->p5>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p5;
    }else if( opcode==OP_Transaction && pOp->p2!=0 ){
      p->readOnly = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    }else if( opcode==OP_VUpdate ){
      if( pOp->p2>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p2;




    }else if( opcode==OP_VFilter ){
      int n;
      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
      n = pOp[-1].p1;
      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
#endif
    }

    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 && pOp->p2<0 ){
      assert( -1-pOp->p2<p->nLabel );
      pOp->p2 = aLabel[-1-pOp->p2];
    }
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->aLabel);
  p->aLabel = 0;

................................................................................
    int i;
    VdbeOpList const *pIn = aOp;
    for(i=0; i<nOp; i++, pIn++){
      int p2 = pIn->p2;
      VdbeOp *pOut = &p->aOp[i+addr];
      pOut->opcode = pIn->opcode;
      pOut->p1 = pIn->p1;
      if( p2<0 && (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOut->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 ){
        pOut->p2 = addr + ADDR(p2);
      }else{
        pOut->p2 = p2;
      }
      pOut->p3 = pIn->p3;
      pOut->p4type = P4_NOTUSED;
      pOut->p4.p = 0;
................................................................................
  const unsigned char *aKey1 = (const unsigned char *)pKey1;
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
  Mem mem1;

  pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo;
  mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
  mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
  /* mem1.flags = 0;  // Will be initialized by sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() */
  VVA_ONLY( mem1.zMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */

  /* Compilers may complain that mem1.u.i is potentially uninitialized.
  ** We could initialize it, as shown here, to silence those complaints.
  ** But in fact, mem1.u.i will never actually be used initialized, and doing 
  ** the unnecessary initialization has a measurable negative performance
  ** impact, since this routine is a very high runner.  And so, we choose
  ** to ignore the compiler warnings and leave this variable uninitialized.
  */
  /*  mem1.u.i = 0;  // not needed, here to silence compiler warning */

  
  idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
  d1 = szHdr1;
  if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_IGNORE_ROWID ){
    szHdr1--;
  }
  nField = pKeyInfo->nField;
................................................................................
    d1 += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type1, &mem1);

    /* Do the comparison
    */
    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i],
                           i<nField ? pKeyInfo->aColl[i] : 0);
    if( rc!=0 ){
      assert( mem1.zMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */

      /* Invert the result if we are using DESC sort order. */
      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder && i<nField && pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
        rc = -rc;
      }
    
      /* If the PREFIX_SEARCH flag is set and all fields except the final
      ** rowid field were equal, then clear the PREFIX_SEARCH flag and set 
      ** pPKey2->rowid to the value of the rowid field in (pKey1, nKey1).
      ** This is used by the OP_IsUnique opcode.
      */
      if( (pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH) && i==(pPKey2->nField-1) ){
        assert( idx1==szHdr1 && rc );
        assert( mem1.flags & MEM_Int );
        pPKey2->flags &= ~UNPACKED_PREFIX_SEARCH;
        pPKey2->rowid = mem1.u.i;
      }
    
      return rc;
    }
    i++;
  }

  /* No memory allocation is ever used on mem1.  Prove this using
  ** the following assert().  If the assert() fails, it indicates a
  ** memory leak and a need to call sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&mem1).





  */


  assert( mem1.zMalloc==0 );





  /* rc==0 here means that one of the keys ran out of fields and
  ** all the fields up to that point were equal. If the UNPACKED_INCRKEY
  ** flag is set, then break the tie by treating key2 as larger.
  ** If the UPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH flag is set, then keys with common prefixes
  ** are considered to be equal.  Otherwise, the longer key is the 
  ** larger.  As it happens, the pPKey2 will always be the longer
  ** if there is a difference.
  */
  assert( rc==0 );
  if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_INCRKEY ){
    rc = -1;
  }else if( pPKey2->flags & UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH ){
    /* Leave rc==0 */
  }else if( idx1<szHdr1 ){
    rc = 1;
  }





  return rc;
}
 

/*
** pCur points at an index entry created using the OP_MakeRecord opcode.
** Read the rowid (the last field in the record) and store it in *rowid.

  }
}

/*
** Code an OP_Affinity opcode to apply the column affinity string zAff
** to the n registers starting at base. 
**
** Buffer zAff was allocated using sqlite3DbMalloc(). It is the 
** responsibility of this function to arrange for it to be eventually
** freed using sqlite3DbFree().



*/
static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;




  assert( v!=0 );















  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, base, n);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zAff, P4_DYNAMIC);
  sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);

}


/*
** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
** coded.
................................................................................
  }
  disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
  return iReg;
}

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate all == and IN constraints for an
** index.  The values for all constraints are left on the stack.
**
** For example, consider table t1(a,b,c,d,e,f) with index i1(a,b,c).
** Suppose the WHERE clause is this:  a==5 AND b IN (1,2,3) AND c>5 AND c<10
** The index has as many as three equality constraints, but in this
** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two 
** constraints are coded.  This routine will generate code to evaluate
** a==5 and b IN (1,2,3).  The current values for a and b will be stored
** in consecutive registers and the index of the first register is returned.
**
** In the example above nEq==2.  But this subroutine works for any value
** of nEq including 0.  If nEq==0, this routine is nearly a no-op.
** The only thing it does is allocate the pLevel->iMem memory cell.

**
** This routine always allocates at least one memory cell and returns
** the index of that memory cell. The code that
** calls this routine will use that memory cell to store the termination
** key value of the loop.  If one or more IN operators appear, then
** this routine allocates an additional nEq memory cells for internal
** use.
................................................................................
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r1, regBase+j);
      }
    }
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IN))==0 ){

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+j, pLevel->addrBrk);
      if( zAff 
       && sqlite3CompareAffinity(pTerm->pExpr->pRight, zAff[j])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE
      ){
        zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;




      }
    }
  }
  *pzAff = zAff;
  return regBase;
}

................................................................................
    start_constraints = pRangeStart || nEq>0;

    /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeStart ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
      if( zAff 
       && sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[nConstraint])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE
      ){
        /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions applied
        ** to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
        ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
        zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
      }




      nConstraint++;
    }else if( isMinQuery ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      nConstraint++;
      startEq = 0;
      start_constraints = 1;
    }
................................................................................
    ** range (if any).
    */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
      zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db, zAff);
      if( zAff 
       && sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[nConstraint])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE
      ){
        /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions applied
        ** to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
        ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
        zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
      }




      codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nEq+1, zAff);
      nConstraint++;
    }


    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + bRev)];
    testcase( op==OP_Noop );

  }
}

/*
** Code an OP_Affinity opcode to apply the column affinity string zAff
** to the n registers starting at base. 
**
** As an optimization, SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries (which are no-ops) at the
** beginning and end of zAff are ignored.  If all entries in zAff are
** SQLITE_AFF_NONE, then no code gets generated.
**
** This routine makes its own copy of zAff so that the caller is free
** to modify zAff after this routine returns.
*/
static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  if( zAff==0 ){
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return;
  }
  assert( v!=0 );

  /* Adjust base and n to skip over SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries at the beginning
  ** and end of the affinity string.
  */
  while( n>0 && zAff[0]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
    n--;
    base++;
    zAff++;
  }
  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
    n--;
  }

  /* Code the OP_Affinity opcode if there is anything left to do. */
  if( n>0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, base, n);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zAff, n);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);
  }
}


/*
** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
** coded.
................................................................................
  }
  disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
  return iReg;
}

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate all == and IN constraints for an
** index.
**
** For example, consider table t1(a,b,c,d,e,f) with index i1(a,b,c).
** Suppose the WHERE clause is this:  a==5 AND b IN (1,2,3) AND c>5 AND c<10
** The index has as many as three equality constraints, but in this
** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two 
** constraints are coded.  This routine will generate code to evaluate
** a==5 and b IN (1,2,3).  The current values for a and b will be stored
** in consecutive registers and the index of the first register is returned.
**
** In the example above nEq==2.  But this subroutine works for any value
** of nEq including 0.  If nEq==0, this routine is nearly a no-op.
** The only thing it does is allocate the pLevel->iMem memory cell and
** compute the affinity string.
**
** This routine always allocates at least one memory cell and returns
** the index of that memory cell. The code that
** calls this routine will use that memory cell to store the termination
** key value of the loop.  If one or more IN operators appear, then
** this routine allocates an additional nEq memory cells for internal
** use.
................................................................................
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r1, regBase+j);
      }
    }
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IN))==0 ){
      Expr *pRight = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+j, pLevel->addrBrk);
      if( zAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[j])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){

          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[j]) ){
          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  *pzAff = zAff;
  return regBase;
}

................................................................................
    start_constraints = pRangeStart || nEq>0;

    /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeStart ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
      if( zAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[nConstraint])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE){

          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
          ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[nConstraint]) ){
          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
      }  
      nConstraint++;
    }else if( isMinQuery ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      nConstraint++;
      startEq = 0;
      start_constraints = 1;
    }
................................................................................
    ** range (if any).
    */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);

      if( zAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[nConstraint])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE){

          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
          ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[nConstraint]) ){
          zAff[nConstraint] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
      }  
      codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nEq+1, zAff);
      nConstraint++;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, zAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + bRev)];
    testcase( op==OP_Noop );