if( pNew ){
    pNew->zColl = (char*)&pNew[1];
    memcpy(pNew->zColl, zColl, nColl+1);
  }
  return pNew;
}























































/*************************************************************************
** Beginning of virtual table implementation.
*/
typedef struct ExpertVtab ExpertVtab;
struct ExpertVtab {
  sqlite3_vtab base;
  IdxTable *pTab;
  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
};












static char *expertDequote(const char *zIn){
  int n = strlen(zIn);
  char *zRet = sqlite3_malloc(n);

  assert( zIn[0]=='\'' );
  assert( zIn[n-1]=='\'' );
................................................................................
    pScan->pTab = p->pTab;
    pScan->pNextScan = p->pExpert->pScan;
    p->pExpert->pScan = pScan;

    /* Add the constraints to the IdxScan object */
    for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
      struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];



      if( pCons->usable && pCons->iColumn>=0 && (pCons->op & opmask) ){

        IdxConstraint *pNew;
        const char *zColl = sqlite3_vtab_collation(dbv, i);
        pNew = idxNewConstraint(&rc, zColl);
        if( pNew ){
          pNew->iCol = pCons->iColumn;
          if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
            pNew->pNext = pScan->pEq;
................................................................................
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
  int nData, 
  sqlite3_value **azData, 
  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
){
  return SQLITE_OK;
}





















































































































static int idxRegisterVtab(sqlite3expert *p){
  static sqlite3_module expertModule = {
    2,                            /* iVersion */
    expertConnect,                /* xCreate - create a table */
    expertConnect,                /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
    expertBestIndex,              /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
    expertDisconnect,             /* xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table */
    expertDisconnect,             /* xDestroy - Drop a table */
    0,                            /* xOpen - open a cursor */
    0,                            /* xClose - close a cursor */
    0,                            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
    0,                            /* xNext - advance a cursor */
    0,                            /* xEof */
    0,                            /* xColumn - read data */
    0,                            /* xRowid - read data */
    expertUpdate,                 /* xUpdate - write data */
    0,                            /* xBegin - begin transaction */
    0,                            /* xSync - sync transaction */
    0,                            /* xCommit - commit transaction */
    0,                            /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
    0,                            /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
    0,                            /* xRename - rename the table */
................................................................................
  };

  return sqlite3_create_module(p->dbv, "expert", &expertModule, (void*)p);
}
/*
** End of virtual table implementation.
*************************************************************************/

/*
** An error associated with database handle db has just occurred. Pass
** the error message to callback function xOut.
*/
static void idxDatabaseError(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
  char **pzErrmsg                 /* Write error here */
){
  *pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}

/*
** Prepare an SQL statement.
*/
static int idxPrepareStmt(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
  const char *zSql                /* SQL statement to compile */
){
  int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    *ppStmt = 0;
    idxDatabaseError(db, pzErrmsg);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Prepare an SQL statement using the results of a printf() formatting.
*/
static int idxPrintfPrepareStmt(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
  const char *zFmt,               /* printf() format of SQL statement */
  ...                             /* Trailing printf() arguments */
){
  va_list ap;
  int rc;
  char *zSql;
  va_start(ap, zFmt);
  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
  if( zSql==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    rc = idxPrepareStmt(db, ppStmt, pzErrmsg, zSql);
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }
  va_end(ap);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Finalize SQL statement pStmt. If (*pRc) is SQLITE_OK when this function
** is called, set it to the return value of sqlite3_finalize() before
** returning. Otherwise, discard the sqlite3_finalize() return value.
*/
static void idxFinalize(int *pRc, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
  int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
................................................................................
){
  sqlite3_stmt *p1 = 0;
  int nCol = 0;
  int nTab = strlen(zTab);
  int nByte = sizeof(IdxTable) + nTab + 1;
  IdxTable *pNew = 0;
  int rc, rc2;
  char *pCsr;

  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(db, &p1, pzErrmsg, "PRAGMA table_info=%Q", zTab);
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(p1) ){
    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(p1, 1);
    nByte += 1 + strlen(zCol);
    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
        db, "main", zTab, zCol, 0, &zCol, 0, 0, 0
................................................................................
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(zCols);
  sqlite3_free(zOrder);

  /* Formulate the query text */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){

    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->db, &pQuery, pzErr, zQuery);
  }
  sqlite3_free(zQuery);

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    aStat = (int*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(int)*(nCol+1));
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pQuery) ){
................................................................................
  return rc;
}

static int idxBuildSampleTable(sqlite3expert *p, const char *zTab){
  int rc;
  char *zSql;

  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME,0,0,0);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;

  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
      "CREATE TABLE temp." UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME 
      "  AS SELECT * FROM %Q WHERE sample()"
      , zTab
  );
  if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
  sqlite3_free(zSql);

  return rc;
}

/*
** This function is called as part of sqlite3_expert_analyze(). Candidate
................................................................................

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nByte = sizeof(struct IdxRemCtx) + (sizeof(struct IdxRemSlot) * nMax);
    pCtx = (struct IdxRemCtx*)idxMalloc(&rc, nByte);
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){

    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
        p->db, "rem", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pCtx, idxRemFunc, 0, 0
    );
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
        p->db, "sample", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)&samplectx, idxSampleFunc, 0, 0
    );
  }

  if( pNew ){
    pNew->zColl = (char*)&pNew[1];
    memcpy(pNew->zColl, zColl, nColl+1);
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*
** An error associated with database handle db has just occurred. Pass
** the error message to callback function xOut.
*/
static void idxDatabaseError(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
  char **pzErrmsg                 /* Write error here */
){
  *pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
}

/*
** Prepare an SQL statement.
*/
static int idxPrepareStmt(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
  const char *zSql                /* SQL statement to compile */
){
  int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    *ppStmt = 0;
    idxDatabaseError(db, pzErrmsg);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Prepare an SQL statement using the results of a printf() formatting.
*/
static int idxPrintfPrepareStmt(
  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
  const char *zFmt,               /* printf() format of SQL statement */
  ...                             /* Trailing printf() arguments */
){
  va_list ap;
  int rc;
  char *zSql;
  va_start(ap, zFmt);
  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
  if( zSql==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    rc = idxPrepareStmt(db, ppStmt, pzErrmsg, zSql);
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }
  va_end(ap);
  return rc;
}


/*************************************************************************
** Beginning of virtual table implementation.
*/
typedef struct ExpertVtab ExpertVtab;
struct ExpertVtab {
  sqlite3_vtab base;
  IdxTable *pTab;
  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
};

typedef struct ExpertCsr ExpertCsr;
struct ExpertCsr {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
  sqlite3_stmt *pData;

  int iTarget;                    /* Target as a percentage */
  double target;                  /* Target nRet/nRow value */
  double nRow;                    /* Rows seen */
  double nRet;                    /* Rows returned */
};

static char *expertDequote(const char *zIn){
  int n = strlen(zIn);
  char *zRet = sqlite3_malloc(n);

  assert( zIn[0]=='\'' );
  assert( zIn[n-1]=='\'' );
................................................................................
    pScan->pTab = p->pTab;
    pScan->pNextScan = p->pExpert->pScan;
    p->pExpert->pScan = pScan;

    /* Add the constraints to the IdxScan object */
    for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
      struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
      if( pCons->usable 
       && pCons->iColumn>=0 
       && p->pTab->aCol[pCons->iColumn].iPk==0
       && (pCons->op & opmask) 
      ){
        IdxConstraint *pNew;
        const char *zColl = sqlite3_vtab_collation(dbv, i);
        pNew = idxNewConstraint(&rc, zColl);
        if( pNew ){
          pNew->iCol = pCons->iColumn;
          if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
            pNew->pNext = pScan->pEq;
................................................................................
  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
  int nData, 
  sqlite3_value **azData, 
  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
){
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* 
** Virtual table module xOpen method.
*/
static int expertOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  ExpertCsr *pCsr;
  pCsr = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(ExpertCsr));
  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor*)pCsr;
  return rc;
}

/* 
** Virtual table module xClose method.
*/
static int expertClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Virtual table module xEof method.
**
** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid 
** record (i.e if the scan has finished), or zero otherwise.
*/
static int expertEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
  return pCsr->pData==0;
}

/* 
** Virtual table module xNext method.
*/
static int expertNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int bRet;
  assert( pCsr->pData );

  do {
    rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pData);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
      pCsr->pData = 0;
      bRet = 1;
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
      bRet = (pCsr->nRow==0.0 || pCsr->nRow/pCsr->nRet < pCsr->target);
      if( bRet==0 ){
        unsigned short rnd;
        sqlite3_randomness(2, (void*)&rnd);
        bRet = ((int)rnd % 100) <= pCsr->iTarget;
      }
    }
    pCsr->nRow += 1.0;
  }while( bRet==0 );

  pCsr->nRet += 1.0;
  return rc;
}

/* 
** Virtual table module xRowid method.
*/
static int expertRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
  *pRowid = 0;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* 
** Virtual table module xColumn method.
*/
static int expertColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
  sqlite3_value *pVal;
  pVal = sqlite3_column_value(pCsr->pData, i);
  if( pVal ){
    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, pVal);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* 
** Virtual table module xFilter method.
*/
static int expertFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
  ExpertVtab *pVtab = (ExpertVtab*)(cur->pVtab);
  sqlite3expert *pExpert = pVtab->pExpert;
  int rc;

  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
  pCsr->pData = 0;
  pCsr->nRow = 0.0;
  pCsr->nRet = 0.0;
  pCsr->iTarget = pExpert->iSample;
  pCsr->target = (double)pExpert->iSample / 100.0;

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(pExpert->db, &pCsr->pData, &pVtab->base.zErrMsg,
        "SELECT * FROM main.%Q", pVtab->pTab->zName
    );
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = expertNext(cur);
  }
  return rc;
}

static int idxRegisterVtab(sqlite3expert *p){
  static sqlite3_module expertModule = {
    2,                            /* iVersion */
    expertConnect,                /* xCreate - create a table */
    expertConnect,                /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
    expertBestIndex,              /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
    expertDisconnect,             /* xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table */
    expertDisconnect,             /* xDestroy - Drop a table */
    expertOpen,                   /* xOpen - open a cursor */
    expertClose,                  /* xClose - close a cursor */
    expertFilter,                 /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
    expertNext,                   /* xNext - advance a cursor */
    expertEof,                    /* xEof */
    expertColumn,                 /* xColumn - read data */
    expertRowid,                  /* xRowid - read data */
    expertUpdate,                 /* xUpdate - write data */
    0,                            /* xBegin - begin transaction */
    0,                            /* xSync - sync transaction */
    0,                            /* xCommit - commit transaction */
    0,                            /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
    0,                            /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
    0,                            /* xRename - rename the table */
................................................................................
  };

  return sqlite3_create_module(p->dbv, "expert", &expertModule, (void*)p);
}
/*
** End of virtual table implementation.
*************************************************************************/






















































/*
** Finalize SQL statement pStmt. If (*pRc) is SQLITE_OK when this function
** is called, set it to the return value of sqlite3_finalize() before
** returning. Otherwise, discard the sqlite3_finalize() return value.
*/
static void idxFinalize(int *pRc, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
  int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
................................................................................
){
  sqlite3_stmt *p1 = 0;
  int nCol = 0;
  int nTab = strlen(zTab);
  int nByte = sizeof(IdxTable) + nTab + 1;
  IdxTable *pNew = 0;
  int rc, rc2;
  char *pCsr = 0;

  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(db, &p1, pzErrmsg, "PRAGMA table_info=%Q", zTab);
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(p1) ){
    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(p1, 1);
    nByte += 1 + strlen(zCol);
    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
        db, "main", zTab, zCol, 0, &zCol, 0, 0, 0
................................................................................
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(zCols);
  sqlite3_free(zOrder);

  /* Formulate the query text */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3 *dbrem = (p->iSample==100 ? p->db : p->dbv);
    rc = idxPrepareStmt(dbrem, &pQuery, pzErr, zQuery);
  }
  sqlite3_free(zQuery);

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    aStat = (int*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(int)*(nCol+1));
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pQuery) ){
................................................................................
  return rc;
}

static int idxBuildSampleTable(sqlite3expert *p, const char *zTab){
  int rc;
  char *zSql;

  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv,"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME,0,0,0);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;

  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
      "CREATE TABLE temp." UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME " AS SELECT * FROM %Q", zTab


  );
  if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
  sqlite3_free(zSql);

  return rc;
}

/*
** This function is called as part of sqlite3_expert_analyze(). Candidate
................................................................................

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nByte = sizeof(struct IdxRemCtx) + (sizeof(struct IdxRemSlot) * nMax);
    pCtx = (struct IdxRemCtx*)idxMalloc(&rc, nByte);
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3 *dbrem = (p->iSample==100 ? p->db : p->dbv);
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
        dbrem, "rem", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pCtx, idxRemFunc, 0, 0
    );
  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
        p->db, "sample", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)&samplectx, idxSampleFunc, 0, 0
    );
  }