** expression being built up in zWhere.
  */
  if( pTab->pSchema!=pTempSchema ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
    for(pTrig=sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab); pTrig; pTrig=pTrig->pNext){
      if( pTrig->pSchema==pTempSchema ){
        if( !zWhere ){
          zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name=%Q", pTrig->name);
        }else{
          tmp = zWhere;
          zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s OR name=%Q", zWhere, pTrig->name);
          sqlite3DbFree(db, tmp);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return zWhere;
}
................................................................................
  assert( iDb>=0 );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  /* Drop any table triggers from the internal schema. */
  for(pTrig=sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab); pTrig; pTrig=pTrig->pNext){
    int iTrigDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrig->pSchema);
    assert( iTrigDb==iDb || iTrigDb==1 );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iTrigDb, 0, 0, pTrig->name, 0);
  }
#endif

  /* Drop the table and index from the internal schema */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);

  /* Reload the table, index and permanent trigger schemas. */

  ** expression being built up in zWhere.
  */
  if( pTab->pSchema!=pTempSchema ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
    for(pTrig=sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab); pTrig; pTrig=pTrig->pNext){
      if( pTrig->pSchema==pTempSchema ){
        if( !zWhere ){
          zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "name=%Q", pTrig->zName);
        }else{
          tmp = zWhere;
          zWhere = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s OR name=%Q", zWhere, pTrig->zName);
          sqlite3DbFree(db, tmp);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return zWhere;
}
................................................................................
  assert( iDb>=0 );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  /* Drop any table triggers from the internal schema. */
  for(pTrig=sqlite3TriggerList(pParse, pTab); pTrig; pTrig=pTrig->pNext){
    int iTrigDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrig->pSchema);
    assert( iTrigDb==iDb || iTrigDb==1 );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iTrigDb, 0, 0, pTrig->zName, 0);
  }
#endif

  /* Drop the table and index from the internal schema */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTable, iDb, 0, 0, pTab->zName, 0);

  /* Reload the table, index and permanent trigger schemas. */

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int rc;
  Table *pTab = 0;      /* The table being read */
  const char *zCol;     /* Name of the column of the table */
  int iSrc;             /* Index in pTabList->a[] of table being read */
  const char *zDBase;   /* Name of database being accessed */
  int iDb;              /* The index of the database the expression refers to */


  if( db->xAuth==0 ) return;
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pSchema);
  if( iDb<0 ){
    /* An attempt to read a column out of a subquery or other
    ** temporary table. */
    return;
  }





  if( pTabList ){
    for(iSrc=0; iSrc<pTabList->nSrc; iSrc++){
      if( pExpr->iTable==pTabList->a[iSrc].iCursor ){
        pTab = pTabList->a[iSrc].pTab;
	break;
      }
    }
  }
  if( !pTab ){
    TriggerStack *pStack = pParse->trigStack;
    if( ALWAYS(pStack) ){
      /* This must be an attempt to read the NEW or OLD pseudo-tables
      ** of a trigger.  */
      assert( pExpr->iTable==pStack->newIdx || pExpr->iTable==pStack->oldIdx );
      pTab = pStack->pTab;
    }
  }
  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return;
  if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 ){

    assert( pExpr->iColumn<pTab->nCol );
    zCol = pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].zName;
  }else if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
    assert( pTab->iPKey<pTab->nCol );
    zCol = pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName;
  }else{
    zCol = "ROWID";
  }
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );

  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int rc;
  Table *pTab = 0;      /* The table being read */
  const char *zCol;     /* Name of the column of the table */
  int iSrc;             /* Index in pTabList->a[] of table being read */
  const char *zDBase;   /* Name of database being accessed */
  int iDb;              /* The index of the database the expression refers to */
  int iCol;             /* Index of column in table */

  if( db->xAuth==0 ) return;

  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pSchema);
  if( iDb<0 ){
    /* An attempt to read a column out of a subquery or other
    ** temporary table. */
    return;
  }

  assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN || pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER );
  if( pExpr->op==TK_TRIGGER ){
    pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
  }else{
    assert( pTabList );
    for(iSrc=0; iSrc<pTabList->nSrc; iSrc++){
      if( pExpr->iTable==pTabList->a[iSrc].iCursor ){
        pTab = pTabList->a[iSrc].pTab;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return;









  if( iCol>=0 ){
    assert( iCol<pTab->nCol );
    zCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
  }else if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
    assert( pTab->iPKey<pTab->nCol );
    zCol = pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName;
  }else{
    zCol = "ROWID";
  }
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );

void sqlite3TableLock(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  int iDb,           /* Index of the database containing the table to lock */
  int iTab,          /* Root page number of the table to be locked */
  u8 isWriteLock,    /* True for a write lock */
  const char *zName  /* Name of the table to be locked */
){

  int i;
  int nBytes;
  TableLock *p;

  assert( iDb>=0 );

  for(i=0; i<pParse->nTableLock; i++){
    p = &pParse->aTableLock[i];
    if( p->iDb==iDb && p->iTab==iTab ){
      p->isWriteLock = (p->isWriteLock || isWriteLock);
      return;
    }
  }

  nBytes = sizeof(TableLock) * (pParse->nTableLock+1);
  pParse->aTableLock = 
      sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pParse->db, pParse->aTableLock, nBytes);
  if( pParse->aTableLock ){
    p = &pParse->aTableLock[pParse->nTableLock++];
    p->iDb = iDb;
    p->iTab = iTab;
    p->isWriteLock = isWriteLock;
    p->zName = zName;
  }else{
    pParse->nTableLock = 0;
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Code an OP_TableLock instruction for each table locked by the
** statement (configured by calls to sqlite3TableLock()).
*/
................................................................................
  if( v && ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && !db->mallocFailed ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    FILE *trace = (db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace)!=0 ? stdout : 0;
    sqlite3VdbeTrace(v, trace);
#endif
    assert( pParse->iCacheLevel==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse->nVar, pParse->nMem,
                         pParse->nTab, pParse->explain);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
    pParse->colNamesSet = 0;
  }else if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  pParse->nTab = 0;
  pParse->nMem = 0;
................................................................................
** cookie verification subroutine code happens in sqlite3FinishCoding().
**
** If iDb<0 then code the OP_Goto only - don't set flag to verify the
** schema on any databases.  This can be used to position the OP_Goto
** early in the code, before we know if any database tables will be used.
*/
void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
  sqlite3 *db;
  Vdbe *v;
  int mask;


  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) return;  /* This only happens if there was a prior error */
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->cookieGoto==0 ){
    pParse->cookieGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0)+1;
  }
  if( iDb>=0 ){



    assert( iDb<db->nDb );
    assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 || iDb==1 );
    assert( iDb<SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2 );
    mask = 1<<iDb;
    if( (pParse->cookieMask & mask)==0 ){
      pParse->cookieMask |= mask;
      pParse->cookieValue[iDb] = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie;
      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
        sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pParse);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Generate VDBE code that prepares for doing an operation that
................................................................................
** be set for operations that might fail (due to a constraint) part of
** the way through and which will need to undo some writes without having to
** rollback the whole transaction.  For operations where all constraints
** can be checked before any changes are made to the database, it is never
** necessary to undo a write and the checkpoint should not be set.
*/
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse *pParse, int setStatement, int iDb){

  sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
  pParse->writeMask |= 1<<iDb;
  if( setStatement && pParse->nested==0 ){
    /* Every place where this routine is called with setStatement!=0 has
    ** already successfully created a VDBE. */
    assert( pParse->pVdbe );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Statement, iDb);
  }
}

void sqlite3TableLock(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  int iDb,           /* Index of the database containing the table to lock */
  int iTab,          /* Root page number of the table to be locked */
  u8 isWriteLock,    /* True for a write lock */
  const char *zName  /* Name of the table to be locked */
){
  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
  int i;
  int nBytes;
  TableLock *p;

  assert( iDb>=0 );

  for(i=0; i<pToplevel->nTableLock; i++){
    p = &pToplevel->aTableLock[i];
    if( p->iDb==iDb && p->iTab==iTab ){
      p->isWriteLock = (p->isWriteLock || isWriteLock);
      return;
    }
  }

  nBytes = sizeof(TableLock) * (pToplevel->nTableLock+1);
  pToplevel->aTableLock =
      sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pToplevel->db, pToplevel->aTableLock, nBytes);
  if( pToplevel->aTableLock ){
    p = &pToplevel->aTableLock[pToplevel->nTableLock++];
    p->iDb = iDb;
    p->iTab = iTab;
    p->isWriteLock = isWriteLock;
    p->zName = zName;
  }else{
    pToplevel->nTableLock = 0;
    pToplevel->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Code an OP_TableLock instruction for each table locked by the
** statement (configured by calls to sqlite3TableLock()).
*/
................................................................................
  if( v && ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && !db->mallocFailed ){
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    FILE *trace = (db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeTrace)!=0 ? stdout : 0;
    sqlite3VdbeTrace(v, trace);
#endif
    assert( pParse->iCacheLevel==0 );  /* Disables and re-enables match */
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse->nVar, pParse->nMem,
                         pParse->nTab, pParse->nMaxArg, pParse->explain);
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_DONE;
    pParse->colNamesSet = 0;
  }else if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  pParse->nTab = 0;
  pParse->nMem = 0;
................................................................................
** cookie verification subroutine code happens in sqlite3FinishCoding().
**
** If iDb<0 then code the OP_Goto only - don't set flag to verify the
** schema on any databases.  This can be used to position the OP_Goto
** early in the code, before we know if any database tables will be used.
*/
void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);



  if( pToplevel->cookieGoto==0 ){
    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pToplevel);
    if( v==0 ) return;  /* This only happens if there was a prior error */


    pToplevel->cookieGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0)+1;
  }
  if( iDb>=0 ){
    sqlite3 *db = pToplevel->db;
    int mask;

    assert( iDb<db->nDb );
    assert( db->aDb[iDb].pBt!=0 || iDb==1 );
    assert( iDb<SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2 );
    mask = 1<<iDb;
    if( (pToplevel->cookieMask & mask)==0 ){
      pToplevel->cookieMask |= mask;
      pToplevel->cookieValue[iDb] = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->schema_cookie;
      if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && iDb==1 ){
        sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(pToplevel);
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Generate VDBE code that prepares for doing an operation that
................................................................................
** be set for operations that might fail (due to a constraint) part of
** the way through and which will need to undo some writes without having to
** rollback the whole transaction.  For operations where all constraints
** can be checked before any changes are made to the database, it is never
** necessary to undo a write and the checkpoint should not be set.
*/
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse *pParse, int setStatement, int iDb){
  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
  sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
  pToplevel->writeMask |= 1<<iDb;
  if( setStatement && pParse->nested==0 && pParse==pToplevel ){
    /* Every place where this routine is called with setStatement!=0 has
    ** already successfully created a VDBE. */
    assert( pParse->pVdbe );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Statement, iDb);
  }
}

  int end, addr = 0;     /* A couple addresses of generated code */
  int i;                 /* Loop counter */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
  Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices of the table */
  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number for pTab */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* Main database structure */
  AuthContext sContext;  /* Authorization context */
  int oldIdx = -1;       /* Cursor for the OLD table of AFTER triggers */
  NameContext sNC;       /* Name context to resolve expressions in */
  int iDb;               /* Database number */
  int memCnt = -1;       /* Memory cell used for change counting */
  int rcauth;            /* Value returned by authorization callback */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                  /* True if attempting to delete from a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of table triggers, if required */
#endif
  int iBeginAfterTrigger = 0;  /* Address of after trigger program */
  int iEndAfterTrigger = 0;    /* Exit of after trigger program */
  int iBeginBeforeTrigger = 0; /* Address of before trigger program */
  int iEndBeforeTrigger = 0;   /* Exit of before trigger program */
  u32 old_col_mask = 0;        /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */

  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
................................................................................
  rcauth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb);
  assert( rcauth==SQLITE_OK || rcauth==SQLITE_DENY || rcauth==SQLITE_IGNORE );
  if( rcauth==SQLITE_DENY ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  assert(!isView || pTrigger);

  /* Allocate a cursor used to store the old.* data for a trigger.
  */
  if( pTrigger ){ 
    oldIdx = pParse->nTab++;
  }

  /* Assign  cursor number to the table and all its indices.
  */
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
  iCur = pTabList->a[0].iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    pParse->nTab++;
  }
................................................................................
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, (pTrigger?1:0), iDb);

  if( pTrigger ){
    int orconf = ((pParse->trigStack)?pParse->trigStack->orconf:OE_Default);
    int iGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    iBeginBeforeTrigger = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    (void)sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_DELETE, 0, 
        TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, -1, oldIdx, orconf, addr, &old_col_mask, 0);
    iEndBeforeTrigger = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);

    iBeginAfterTrigger = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    (void)sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_DELETE, 0, 
        TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, -1, oldIdx, orconf, addr, &old_col_mask, 0);
    iEndAfterTrigger = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);

    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iGoto);
  }

  /* If we are trying to delete from a view, realize that view into
  ** a ephemeral table.
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  if( isView ){
    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iCur);
  }
................................................................................
    }
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION */
  /* The usual case: There is a WHERE clause so we have to scan through
  ** the table and pick which records to delete.
  */
  {
    int iRowid = ++pParse->nMem;    /* Used for storing rowid values. */
    int iRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;   /* Register for rowset of rows to delete */


    int regRowid;                   /* Actual register containing rowids */

    /* Collect rowids of every row to be deleted.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iRowSet);
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere,0,WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK);
    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
................................................................................
    regRowid = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iCur, iRowid, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, regRowid);
    if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, memCnt, 1);
    }
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);

    /* Open the pseudo-table used to store OLD if there are triggers.
    */
    if( pTrigger ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, oldIdx, 0, pTab->nCol);
    }

    /* Delete every item whose key was written to the list during the
    ** database scan.  We have to delete items after the scan is complete
    ** because deleting an item can change the scan order.
    */
    end = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);





    if( !isView ){
      /* Open cursors for the table we are deleting from and 
      ** all its indices.
      */
      sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, iCur, OP_OpenWrite);
    }

    /* This is the beginning of the delete loop. If a trigger encounters
    ** an IGNORE constraint, it jumps back to here.
    */
    if( pTrigger ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
    }
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, iRowSet, end, iRowid);



    if( pTrigger ){




      int iData = ++pParse->nMem;   /* For storing row data of OLD table */


      /* If the record is no longer present in the table, jump to the
      ** next iteration of the loop through the contents of the fifo.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, iRowid);

      /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table */
      if( old_col_mask ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iCur, iData);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iData);

      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, oldIdx, iData, iRowid);

      /* Jump back and run the BEFORE triggers */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBeginBeforeTrigger);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iEndBeforeTrigger);





    }

    if( !isView ){
      /* Delete the row */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
        const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
................................................................................
      }else
#endif
      {
        sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, iRowid, pParse->nested==0);
      }
    }

    /* If there are row triggers, close all cursors then invoke
    ** the AFTER triggers
    */

    if( pTrigger ){
      /* Jump back and run the AFTER triggers */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBeginAfterTrigger);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iEndAfterTrigger);
    }

    /* End of the delete loop */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, end);

    /* Close the cursors after the loop if there are no row triggers */
    if( !isView  && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; i++, pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur + i, pIdx->tnum);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCur);
    }
  }

  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->trigStack==0 ){
    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows && pParse->nested==0 && !pParse->trigStack ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, memCnt, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows deleted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

delete_from_cleanup:
  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);

  int end, addr = 0;     /* A couple addresses of generated code */
  int i;                 /* Loop counter */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
  Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices of the table */
  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number for pTab */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* Main database structure */
  AuthContext sContext;  /* Authorization context */

  NameContext sNC;       /* Name context to resolve expressions in */
  int iDb;               /* Database number */
  int memCnt = -1;       /* Memory cell used for change counting */
  int rcauth;            /* Value returned by authorization callback */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                  /* True if attempting to delete from a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of table triggers, if required */
#endif






  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
................................................................................
  rcauth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, pTab->zName, 0, zDb);
  assert( rcauth==SQLITE_OK || rcauth==SQLITE_DENY || rcauth==SQLITE_IGNORE );
  if( rcauth==SQLITE_DENY ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  assert(!isView || pTrigger);







  /* Assign  cursor number to the table and all its indices.
  */
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
  iCur = pTabList->a[0].iCursor = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    pParse->nTab++;
  }
................................................................................
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ){
    goto delete_from_cleanup;
  }
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, (pTrigger?1:0), iDb);



















  /* If we are trying to delete from a view, realize that view into
  ** a ephemeral table.
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  if( isView ){
    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iCur);
  }
................................................................................
    }
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION */
  /* The usual case: There is a WHERE clause so we have to scan through
  ** the table and pick which records to delete.
  */
  {

    int iRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;   /* Register for rowset of rows to delete */
    int iRowid = ++pParse->nMem;    /* Used for storing rowid values. */
    int regOld = pParse->nMem + 1;  /* Start of array for old.* (if triggers) */
    int regRowid;                   /* Actual register containing rowids */

    /* Collect rowids of every row to be deleted.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iRowSet);
    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere,0,WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK);
    if( pWInfo==0 ) goto delete_from_cleanup;
................................................................................
    regRowid = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iCur, iRowid, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, regRowid);
    if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, memCnt, 1);
    }
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);







    /* Delete every item whose key was written to the list during the
    ** database scan.  We have to delete items after the scan is complete
    ** because deleting an item can change the scan order.  */

    end = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    /* Unless this is a view, open cursors for the table we are 
    ** deleting from and all its indices. If this is a view, then the
    ** only effect this statement has is to fire the INSTEAD OF 
    ** triggers.  */
    if( !isView ){



      sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, iCur, OP_OpenWrite);
    }







    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, iRowSet, end, iRowid);

    /* If there are triggers, populate an array of registers with the
    ** data required by the old.* references in the trigger bodies.  */
    if( pTrigger ){
      u32 mask = 0;         /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */
      pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;

      /* Open the pseudo-table used to store OLD if there are triggers. */
      mask = sqlite3TriggerOldmask(
          pParse, pTrigger, TK_DELETE, 0, pTab, OE_Default);

      /* If the record is no longer present in the table, jump to the
      ** next iteration of the loop through the contents of the fifo.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, iRowid);

      /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table */
      assert( regOld==iRowid+1 );
      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
        if( mask==0xffffffff || mask&(1<<i) ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regOld+i);
          sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regOld+i);
        }

      }

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regOld, pTab->nCol);

      sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);

      sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 
          TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, -1, iRowid, OE_Default, addr
      );
    }

    if( !isView ){
      /* Delete the row */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
        const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
................................................................................
      }else
#endif
      {
        sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, iRowid, pParse->nested==0);
      }
    }

    /* Code the AFTER triggers. This is a no-op if there are no triggers. */
    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, 

      pTrigger, TK_DELETE, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, -1, iRowid, OE_Default, addr
    );





    /* End of the delete loop */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, end);

    /* Close the cursors open on the table and its indexes. */
    if( !isView && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; i++, pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur + i, pIdx->tnum);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Close, iCur);
    }
  }

  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows that were deleted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->nested && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, memCnt, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows deleted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

delete_from_cleanup:
  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);

  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( ALWAYS(p) ){
    int op;
    pColl = p->pColl;
    if( pColl ) break;
    op = p->op;

    if( (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_REGISTER) && p->pTab!=0 ){

      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
      ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
      const char *zColl;
      int j = p->iColumn;
      if( j>=0 ){
        sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
        zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
................................................................................
    ** has already been allocated. So assume sqlite3GetVdbe() is always
    ** successful here.
    */
    assert(v);
    if( iCol<0 ){
      int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
      int iAddr;
      sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);

      iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, iMem);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iMem);

      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;

................................................................................
         && (!mustBeUnique || (pIdx->nColumn==1 && pIdx->onError!=OE_None))
        ){
          int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
          int iAddr;
          char *pKey;
  
          pKey = (char *)sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
          iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pIdx->pSchema);
          sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(v, iDb);

          iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, iMem);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iMem);
  
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iTab, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                               pKey,P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
          VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
          eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX;
................................................................................
  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
  **    *  We are inside a trigger
  **
  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
  */
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) && !pParse->trigStack ){
    int mem = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, mem);
    testAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, mem);
    assert( testAddr>0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
................................................................................
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r4);
      break;
    }
    case TK_UPLUS: {
      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
      break;
    }





















































    /*
    ** Form A:
    **   CASE x WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
    **
    ** Form B:
    **   CASE WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
................................................................................
      assert( db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr>0 
           || pParse->iCacheLevel==iCacheLevel );
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endLabel);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {

      if( !pParse->trigStack ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                       "RAISE() may only be used within a trigger-program");
        return 0;
      }
      if( pExpr->affinity!=OE_Ignore ){
         assert( pExpr->affinity==OE_Rollback ||
                 pExpr->affinity == OE_Abort ||
                 pExpr->affinity == OE_Fail );

         assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );

         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, pExpr->affinity, 0,
                           pExpr->u.zToken, 0);
      } else {
         assert( pExpr->affinity == OE_Ignore );
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ContextPop, 0, 0);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pParse->trigStack->ignoreJump);
         VdbeComment((v, "raise(IGNORE)"));
      }
      break;
    }
#endif
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
  return inReg;

  CollSeq *pColl = 0;
  Expr *p = pExpr;
  while( ALWAYS(p) ){
    int op;
    pColl = p->pColl;
    if( pColl ) break;
    op = p->op;
    if( p->pTab!=0 && (
        op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_REGISTER || op==TK_TRIGGER
    )){
      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
      ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
      const char *zColl;
      int j = p->iColumn;
      if( j>=0 ){
        sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
        zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
................................................................................
    ** has already been allocated. So assume sqlite3GetVdbe() is always
    ** successful here.
    */
    assert(v);
    if( iCol<0 ){
      int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
      int iAddr;


      iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, iMem);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iMem);

      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;

................................................................................
         && (!mustBeUnique || (pIdx->nColumn==1 && pIdx->onError!=OE_None))
        ){
          int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
          int iAddr;
          char *pKey;
  
          pKey = (char *)sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);



          iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, iMem);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iMem);
  
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iTab, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                               pKey,P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
          VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
          eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX;
................................................................................
  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
  **    *  We are inside a trigger
  **
  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
  */
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
    int mem = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_If, mem);
    testAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, mem);
    assert( testAddr>0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
................................................................................
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r4);
      break;
    }
    case TK_UPLUS: {
      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
      break;
    }

    case TK_TRIGGER: {
      /* If the opcode is TK_TRIGGER, then the expression is a reference
      ** to a column in the new.* or old.* pseudo-tables available to
      ** trigger programs. In this case Expr.iTable is set to 1 for the
      ** new.* pseudo-table, or 0 for the old.* pseudo-table. Expr.iColumn
      ** is set to the column of the pseudo-table to read, or to -1 to
      ** read the rowid field.
      **
      ** The expression is implemented using an OP_Param opcode. The p1
      ** parameter is set to 0 for an old.rowid reference, or to (i+1)
      ** to reference another column of the old.* pseudo-table, where 
      ** i is the index of the column. For a new.rowid reference, p1 is
      ** set to (n+1), where n is the number of columns in each pseudo-table.
      ** For a reference to any other column in the new.* pseudo-table, p1
      ** is set to (n+2+i), where n and i are as defined previously. For
      ** example, if the table on which triggers are being fired is
      ** declared as:
      **
      **   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
      **
      ** Then p1 is interpreted as follows:
      **
      **   p1==0   ->    old.rowid     p1==3   ->    new.rowid
      **   p1==1   ->    old.a         p1==4   ->    new.a
      **   p1==2   ->    old.b         p1==5   ->    new.b       
      */
      Table *pTab = pExpr->pTab;
      int p1 = pExpr->iTable * (pTab->nCol+1) + 1 + pExpr->iColumn;

      assert( pExpr->iTable==0 || pExpr->iTable==1 );
      assert( pExpr->iColumn>=-1 && pExpr->iColumn<pTab->nCol );
      assert( pTab->iPKey<0 || pExpr->iColumn!=pTab->iPKey );
      assert( p1>=0 && p1<(pTab->nCol*2+2) );

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Param, p1, target);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s.%s -> $%d",
        (pExpr->iTable ? "new" : "old"),
        (pExpr->iColumn<0 ? "rowid" : pExpr->pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].zName),
        target
      ));

      /* If the column has REAL affinity, it may currently be stored as an
      ** integer. Use OP_RealAffinity to make sure it is really real.  */
      if( pExpr->iColumn>=0 
       && pTab->aCol[pExpr->iColumn].affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
      }
      break;
    }


    /*
    ** Form A:
    **   CASE x WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
    **
    ** Form B:
    **   CASE WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
................................................................................
      assert( db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr>0 
           || pParse->iCacheLevel==iCacheLevel );
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endLabel);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      int vrc;
      if( !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                       "RAISE() may only be used within a trigger-program");
        return 0;
      }
      assert( pExpr->affinity==OE_Rollback 
           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Abort
           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Fail
           || pExpr->affinity==OE_Ignore
      );
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) );
      vrc = (pExpr->affinity==OE_Ignore ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_CONSTRAINT);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Halt, vrc, pExpr->affinity, 0, pExpr->u.zToken,0);







      break;
    }
#endif
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
  return inReg;

static int autoIncBegin(
  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
  int iDb,            /* Index of the database holding pTab */
  Table *pTab         /* The table we are writing to */
){
  int memId = 0;      /* Register holding maximum rowid */
  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){

    AutoincInfo *pInfo;

    pInfo = pParse->pAinc;
    while( pInfo && pInfo->pTab!=pTab ){ pInfo = pInfo->pNext; }
    if( pInfo==0 ){
      pInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(*pInfo));
      if( pInfo==0 ) return 0;
      pInfo->pNext = pParse->pAinc;
      pParse->pAinc = pInfo;
      pInfo->pTab = pTab;
      pInfo->iDb = iDb;
      pParse->nMem++;                  /* Register to hold name of table */
      pInfo->regCtr = ++pParse->nMem;  /* Max rowid register */
      pParse->nMem++;                  /* Rowid in sqlite_sequence */
    }
    memId = pInfo->regCtr;
  }
  return memId;
}

/*
................................................................................
void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse){
  AutoincInfo *p;            /* Information about an AUTOINCREMENT */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* The database connection */
  Db *pDb;                   /* Database only autoinc table */
  int memId;                 /* Register holding max rowid */
  int addr;                  /* A VDBE address */
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;   /* VDBE under construction */




  assert( v );   /* We failed long ago if this is not so */
  for(p = pParse->pAinc; p; p = p->pNext){
    pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
    memId = p->regCtr;
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, p->iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
................................................................................
  int endOfLoop;        /* Label for the end of the insertion loop */
  int useTempTable = 0; /* Store SELECT results in intermediate table */
  int srcTab = 0;       /* Data comes from this temporary cursor if >=0 */
  int addrInsTop = 0;   /* Jump to label "D" */
  int addrCont = 0;     /* Top of insert loop. Label "C" in templates 3 and 4 */
  int addrSelect = 0;   /* Address of coroutine that implements the SELECT */
  SelectDest dest;      /* Destination for SELECT on rhs of INSERT */
  int newIdx = -1;      /* Cursor for the NEW pseudo-table */
  int iDb;              /* Index of database holding TABLE */
  Db *pDb;              /* The database containing table being inserted into */
  int appendFlag = 0;   /* True if the insert is likely to be an append */

  /* Register allocations */
  int regFromSelect = 0;/* Base register for data coming from SELECT */
  int regAutoinc = 0;   /* Register holding the AUTOINCREMENT counter */
................................................................................
  int regRowCount = 0;  /* Memory cell used for the row counter */
  int regIns;           /* Block of regs holding rowid+data being inserted */
  int regRowid;         /* registers holding insert rowid */
  int regData;          /* register holding first column to insert */
  int regRecord;        /* Holds the assemblied row record */
  int regEof = 0;       /* Register recording end of SELECT data */
  int *aRegIdx = 0;     /* One register allocated to each index */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                 /* True if attempting to insert into a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;          /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
  int tmask;                  /* Mask of trigger times */
#endif

................................................................................
  /* Allocate a VDBE
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto insert_cleanup;
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, pSelect || pTrigger, iDb);

  /* if there are row triggers, allocate a temp table for new.* references. */
  if( pTrigger ){
    newIdx = pParse->nTab++;
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
  /* If the statement is of the form
  **
  **       INSERT INTO <table1> SELECT * FROM <table2>;
  **
  ** Then special optimizations can be applied that make the transfer
  ** very fast and which reduce fragmentation of indices.
................................................................................
  /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
  ** key, the set the keyColumn variable to the primary key column index
  ** in the original table definition.
  */
  if( pColumn==0 && nColumn>0 ){
    keyColumn = pTab->iPKey;
  }

  /* Open the temp table for FOR EACH ROW triggers
  */
  if( pTrigger ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, newIdx, 0, pTab->nCol);
  }
    
  /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
  }
................................................................................
  }
  regData = regRowid+1;

  /* Run the BEFORE and INSTEAD OF triggers, if there are any
  */
  endOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  if( tmask & TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
    int regTrigRowid;
    int regCols;
    int regRec;

    /* build the NEW.* reference row.  Note that if there is an INTEGER
    ** PRIMARY KEY into which a NULL is being inserted, that NULL will be
    ** translated into a unique ID for the row.  But on a BEFORE trigger,
    ** we do not know what the unique ID will be (because the insert has
    ** not happened yet) so we substitute a rowid of -1
    */
    regTrigRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    if( keyColumn<0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, regTrigRowid);
    }else{
      int j1;
      if( useTempTable ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, keyColumn, regTrigRowid);
      }else{
        assert( pSelect==0 );  /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr, regTrigRowid);
      }
      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regTrigRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, regTrigRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regTrigRowid);
    }

    /* Cannot have triggers on a virtual table. If it were possible,
    ** this block would have to account for hidden column.
    */
    assert(!IsVirtual(pTab));

    /* Create the new column data
    */
    regCols = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pTab->nCol);
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( pColumn==0 ){
        j = i;
      }else{
        for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId; j++){
          if( pColumn->a[j].idx==i ) break;
        }
      }
      if( pColumn && j>=pColumn->nId ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, regCols+i);
      }else if( useTempTable ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, regCols+i); 
      }else{
        assert( pSelect==0 ); /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
        sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, regCols+i);
      }
    }
    regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regCols, pTab->nCol, regRec);

    /* If this is an INSERT on a view with an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger,
    ** do not attempt any conversions before assembling the record.
    ** If this is a real table, attempt conversions as required by the
    ** table column affinities.
    */
    if( !isView ){

      sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, newIdx, regRec, regTrigRowid);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regTrigRowid);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol);

    /* Fire BEFORE or INSTEAD OF triggers */
    if( sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, 
        pTab, newIdx, -1, onError, endOfLoop, 0, 0) ){
      goto insert_cleanup;

    }

  }

  /* Push the record number for the new entry onto the stack.  The
  ** record number is a randomly generate integer created by NewRowid
  ** except when the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column, in which
  ** case the record number is the same as that column. 
  */
................................................................................
#endif
    {
      int isReplace;    /* Set to true if constraints may cause a replace */
      sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, baseCur, regIns, aRegIdx,
          keyColumn>=0, 0, onError, endOfLoop, &isReplace
      );
      sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
          pParse, pTab, baseCur, regIns, aRegIdx, 0,
          (tmask&TRIGGER_AFTER) ? newIdx : -1, appendFlag, isReplace==0
      );
    }
  }

  /* Update the count of rows that are inserted
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
  }

  if( pTrigger ){
    /* Code AFTER triggers */
    if( sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
          pTab, newIdx, -1, onError, endOfLoop, 0, 0) ){
      goto insert_cleanup;
    }
  }

  /* The bottom of the main insertion loop, if the data source
  ** is a SELECT statement.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endOfLoop);
  if( useTempTable ){
................................................................................
  }

insert_end:
  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->trigStack==0 ){
    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows && pParse->nested==0 && !pParse->trigStack ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows inserted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

insert_cleanup:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
................................................................................
}

/*
** Generate code to do constraint checks prior to an INSERT or an UPDATE.
**
** The input is a range of consecutive registers as follows:
**
**    1.  The rowid of the row to be updated before the update.  This
**        value is omitted unless we are doing an UPDATE that involves a
**        change to the record number or writing to a virtual table.
**
**    2.  The rowid of the row after the update.
**
**    3.  The data in the first column of the entry after the update.
**
**    i.  Data from middle columns...
**
**    N.  The data in the last column of the entry after the update.
**
** The regRowid parameter is the index of the register containing (2).
**
** The old rowid shown as entry (1) above is omitted unless both isUpdate

** and rowidChng are 1.  isUpdate is true for UPDATEs and false for
** INSERTs.  RowidChng means that the new rowid is explicitly specified by


** the update or insert statement.  If rowidChng is false, it means that
** the rowid is computed automatically in an insert or that the rowid value
** is not modified by the update.
**
** The code generated by this routine store new index entries into
** registers identified by aRegIdx[].  No index entry is created for
** indices where aRegIdx[i]==0.  The order of indices in aRegIdx[] is
** the same as the order of indices on the linked list of indices
** attached to the table.
**
................................................................................
  int onError;        /* Conflict resolution strategy */
  int j1;             /* Addresss of jump instruction */
  int j2 = 0, j3;     /* Addresses of jump instructions */
  int regData;        /* Register containing first data column */
  int iCur;           /* Table cursor number */
  Index *pIdx;         /* Pointer to one of the indices */
  int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
  int hasTwoRowids = (isUpdate && rowidChng);

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
  nCol = pTab->nCol;
  regData = regRowid + 1;


  /* Test all NOT NULL constraints.
  */
  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      continue;
    }
................................................................................
      onError = overrideError;
    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
      onError = OE_Abort;
    }
    
    if( onError!=OE_Replace || pTab->pIndex ){
      if( isUpdate ){
        j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regRowid, 0, regRowid-1);
      }
      j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, baseCur, 0, regRowid);
      switch( onError ){
        default: {
          onError = OE_Abort;
          /* Fall thru into the next case */
        }
................................................................................
      if( onError==OE_Ignore ) onError = OE_Replace;
      else if( onError==OE_Fail ) onError = OE_Abort;
    }
    

    /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
    regR = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regRowid-hasTwoRowids, regR);
    j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, baseCur+iCur+1, 0,
                           regR, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regIdx),
                           P4_INT32);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn+1);

    /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
................................................................................
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
  Parse *pParse,      /* The parser context */
  Table *pTab,        /* the table into which we are inserting */
  int baseCur,        /* Index of a read/write cursor pointing at pTab */
  int regRowid,       /* Range of content */
  int *aRegIdx,       /* Register used by each index.  0 for unused indices */
  int isUpdate,       /* True for UPDATE, False for INSERT */
  int newIdx,         /* Index of NEW table for triggers.  -1 if none */
  int appendBias,     /* True if this is likely to be an append */
  int useSeekResult   /* True to set the USESEEKRESULT flag on OP_[Idx]Insert */
){
  int i;
  Vdbe *v;
  int nIdx;
  Index *pIdx;
................................................................................
    }
  }
  regData = regRowid + 1;
  regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regData, pTab->nCol, regRec);
  sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
  sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regData, pTab->nCol);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  if( newIdx>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, newIdx, regRec, regRowid);
  }
#endif
  if( pParse->nested ){
    pik_flags = 0;
  }else{
    pik_flags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
    pik_flags |= (isUpdate?OPFLAG_ISUPDATE:OPFLAG_LASTROWID);
  }
  if( appendBias ){

static int autoIncBegin(
  Parse *pParse,      /* Parsing context */
  int iDb,            /* Index of the database holding pTab */
  Table *pTab         /* The table we are writing to */
){
  int memId = 0;      /* Register holding maximum rowid */
  if( pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement ){
    Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
    AutoincInfo *pInfo;

    pInfo = pToplevel->pAinc;
    while( pInfo && pInfo->pTab!=pTab ){ pInfo = pInfo->pNext; }
    if( pInfo==0 ){
      pInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pParse->db, sizeof(*pInfo));
      if( pInfo==0 ) return 0;
      pInfo->pNext = pToplevel->pAinc;
      pToplevel->pAinc = pInfo;
      pInfo->pTab = pTab;
      pInfo->iDb = iDb;
      pToplevel->nMem++;                  /* Register to hold name of table */
      pInfo->regCtr = ++pToplevel->nMem;  /* Max rowid register */
      pToplevel->nMem++;                  /* Rowid in sqlite_sequence */
    }
    memId = pInfo->regCtr;
  }
  return memId;
}

/*
................................................................................
void sqlite3AutoincrementBegin(Parse *pParse){
  AutoincInfo *p;            /* Information about an AUTOINCREMENT */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* The database connection */
  Db *pDb;                   /* Database only autoinc table */
  int memId;                 /* Register holding max rowid */
  int addr;                  /* A VDBE address */
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;   /* VDBE under construction */

  /* If currently generating a trigger program, this call is a no-op */
  if( pParse->pTriggerTab ) return;

  assert( v );   /* We failed long ago if this is not so */
  for(p = pParse->pAinc; p; p = p->pNext){
    pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
    memId = p->regCtr;
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, p->iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
................................................................................
  int endOfLoop;        /* Label for the end of the insertion loop */
  int useTempTable = 0; /* Store SELECT results in intermediate table */
  int srcTab = 0;       /* Data comes from this temporary cursor if >=0 */
  int addrInsTop = 0;   /* Jump to label "D" */
  int addrCont = 0;     /* Top of insert loop. Label "C" in templates 3 and 4 */
  int addrSelect = 0;   /* Address of coroutine that implements the SELECT */
  SelectDest dest;      /* Destination for SELECT on rhs of INSERT */

  int iDb;              /* Index of database holding TABLE */
  Db *pDb;              /* The database containing table being inserted into */
  int appendFlag = 0;   /* True if the insert is likely to be an append */

  /* Register allocations */
  int regFromSelect = 0;/* Base register for data coming from SELECT */
  int regAutoinc = 0;   /* Register holding the AUTOINCREMENT counter */
................................................................................
  int regRowCount = 0;  /* Memory cell used for the row counter */
  int regIns;           /* Block of regs holding rowid+data being inserted */
  int regRowid;         /* registers holding insert rowid */
  int regData;          /* register holding first column to insert */
  int regRecord;        /* Holds the assemblied row record */
  int regEof = 0;       /* Register recording end of SELECT data */
  int *aRegIdx = 0;     /* One register allocated to each index */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                 /* True if attempting to insert into a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;          /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
  int tmask;                  /* Mask of trigger times */
#endif

................................................................................
  /* Allocate a VDBE
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto insert_cleanup;
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, pSelect || pTrigger, iDb);






#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
  /* If the statement is of the form
  **
  **       INSERT INTO <table1> SELECT * FROM <table2>;
  **
  ** Then special optimizations can be applied that make the transfer
  ** very fast and which reduce fragmentation of indices.
................................................................................
  /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
  ** key, the set the keyColumn variable to the primary key column index
  ** in the original table definition.
  */
  if( pColumn==0 && nColumn>0 ){
    keyColumn = pTab->iPKey;
  }






    
  /* Initialize the count of rows to be inserted
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows ){
    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
  }
................................................................................
  }
  regData = regRowid+1;

  /* Run the BEFORE and INSTEAD OF triggers, if there are any
  */
  endOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  if( tmask & TRIGGER_BEFORE ){
    int regCols = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pTab->nCol+1);



    /* build the NEW.* reference row.  Note that if there is an INTEGER
    ** PRIMARY KEY into which a NULL is being inserted, that NULL will be
    ** translated into a unique ID for the row.  But on a BEFORE trigger,
    ** we do not know what the unique ID will be (because the insert has
    ** not happened yet) so we substitute a rowid of -1
    */

    if( keyColumn<0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, regCols);
    }else{
      int j1;
      if( useTempTable ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, keyColumn, regCols);
      }else{
        assert( pSelect==0 );  /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr, regCols);
      }
      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regCols);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, -1, regCols);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regCols);
    }

    /* Cannot have triggers on a virtual table. If it were possible,
    ** this block would have to account for hidden column.
    */
    assert( !IsVirtual(pTab) );

    /* Create the new column data
    */

    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( pColumn==0 ){
        j = i;
      }else{
        for(j=0; j<pColumn->nId; j++){
          if( pColumn->a[j].idx==i ) break;
        }
      }
      if( pColumn && j>=pColumn->nId ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTab->aCol[i].pDflt, regCols+i+1);
      }else if( useTempTable ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, j, regCols+i+1); 
      }else{
        assert( pSelect==0 ); /* Otherwise useTempTable is true */
        sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(pParse, pList->a[j].pExpr, regCols+i+1);
      }
    }



    /* If this is an INSERT on a view with an INSTEAD OF INSERT trigger,
    ** do not attempt any conversions before assembling the record.
    ** If this is a real table, attempt conversions as required by the
    ** table column affinities.
    */
    if( !isView ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regCols+1, pTab->nCol);
      sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
    }





    /* Fire BEFORE or INSTEAD OF triggers */
    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE, 


        pTab, -1, regCols-pTab->nCol-1, onError, endOfLoop);

    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol+1);
  }

  /* Push the record number for the new entry onto the stack.  The
  ** record number is a randomly generate integer created by NewRowid
  ** except when the table has an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY column, in which
  ** case the record number is the same as that column. 
  */
................................................................................
#endif
    {
      int isReplace;    /* Set to true if constraints may cause a replace */
      sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, baseCur, regIns, aRegIdx,
          keyColumn>=0, 0, onError, endOfLoop, &isReplace
      );
      sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
          pParse, pTab, baseCur, regIns, aRegIdx, 0, appendFlag, isReplace==0

      );
    }
  }

  /* Update the count of rows that are inserted
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows)!=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
  }

  if( pTrigger ){
    /* Code AFTER triggers */
    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_INSERT, 0, TRIGGER_AFTER, 
        pTab, -1, regData-2-pTab->nCol, onError, endOfLoop);


  }

  /* The bottom of the main insertion loop, if the data source
  ** is a SELECT statement.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endOfLoop);
  if( useTempTable ){
................................................................................
  }

insert_end:
  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows inserted. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->nested && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows inserted", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

insert_cleanup:
  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
................................................................................
}

/*
** Generate code to do constraint checks prior to an INSERT or an UPDATE.
**
** The input is a range of consecutive registers as follows:
**




**    1.  The rowid of the row after the update.
**
**    2.  The data in the first column of the entry after the update.
**
**    i.  Data from middle columns...
**
**    N.  The data in the last column of the entry after the update.
**
** The regRowid parameter is the index of the register containing (1).
**
** If isUpdate is true and rowidChng is non-zero, then rowidChng contains
** the address of a register containing the rowid before the update takes
** place. isUpdate is true for UPDATEs and false for INSERTs. If isUpdate

** is false, indicating an INSERT statement, then a non-zero rowidChng 
** indicates that the rowid was explicitly specified as part of the
** INSERT statement. If rowidChng is false, it means that  the rowid is
** computed automatically in an insert or that the rowid value is not 
** modified by an update.
**
** The code generated by this routine store new index entries into
** registers identified by aRegIdx[].  No index entry is created for
** indices where aRegIdx[i]==0.  The order of indices in aRegIdx[] is
** the same as the order of indices on the linked list of indices
** attached to the table.
**
................................................................................
  int onError;        /* Conflict resolution strategy */
  int j1;             /* Addresss of jump instruction */
  int j2 = 0, j3;     /* Addresses of jump instructions */
  int regData;        /* Register containing first data column */
  int iCur;           /* Table cursor number */
  Index *pIdx;         /* Pointer to one of the indices */
  int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
  int regOldRowid = (rowidChng && isUpdate) ? rowidChng : regRowid;

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
  nCol = pTab->nCol;
  regData = regRowid + 1;


  /* Test all NOT NULL constraints.
  */
  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      continue;
    }
................................................................................
      onError = overrideError;
    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
      onError = OE_Abort;
    }
    
    if( onError!=OE_Replace || pTab->pIndex ){
      if( isUpdate ){
        j2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regRowid, 0, rowidChng);
      }
      j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, baseCur, 0, regRowid);
      switch( onError ){
        default: {
          onError = OE_Abort;
          /* Fall thru into the next case */
        }
................................................................................
      if( onError==OE_Ignore ) onError = OE_Replace;
      else if( onError==OE_Fail ) onError = OE_Abort;
    }
    

    /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
    regR = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regOldRowid, regR);
    j3 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IsUnique, baseCur+iCur+1, 0,
                           regR, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(regIdx),
                           P4_INT32);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn+1);

    /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
................................................................................
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(
  Parse *pParse,      /* The parser context */
  Table *pTab,        /* the table into which we are inserting */
  int baseCur,        /* Index of a read/write cursor pointing at pTab */
  int regRowid,       /* Range of content */
  int *aRegIdx,       /* Register used by each index.  0 for unused indices */
  int isUpdate,       /* True for UPDATE, False for INSERT */

  int appendBias,     /* True if this is likely to be an append */
  int useSeekResult   /* True to set the USESEEKRESULT flag on OP_[Idx]Insert */
){
  int i;
  Vdbe *v;
  int nIdx;
  Index *pIdx;
................................................................................
    }
  }
  regData = regRowid + 1;
  regRec = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regData, pTab->nCol, regRec);
  sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
  sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regData, pTab->nCol);





  if( pParse->nested ){
    pik_flags = 0;
  }else{
    pik_flags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE;
    pik_flags |= (isUpdate?OPFLAG_ISUPDATE:OPFLAG_LASTROWID);
  }
  if( appendBias ){

  db->nextPagesize = 0;
  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames
#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT<4
                 | SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
                 | SQLITE_LoadExtension



#endif
      ;
  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aModule);
#endif

  db->nextPagesize = 0;
  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames
#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT<4
                 | SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
                 | SQLITE_LoadExtension
#endif
#if 1 || defined(SQLITE_DISABLE_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS)
                 | SQLITE_NoRecTriggers
#endif
      ;
  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3HashInit(&db->aModule);
#endif

    /* The following is VERY experimental */
    { "writable_schema",          SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_RecoveryMode },
    { "omit_readlock",            SQLITE_NoReadlock    },

    /* TODO: Maybe it shouldn't be possible to change the ReadUncommitted
    ** flag if there are any active statements. */
    { "read_uncommitted",         SQLITE_ReadUncommitted },

  };
  int i;
  const struct sPragmaType *p;
  for(i=0, p=aPragma; i<ArraySize(aPragma); i++, p++){
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, p->zName)==0 ){
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
      Vdbe *v;

    /* The following is VERY experimental */
    { "writable_schema",          SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_RecoveryMode },
    { "omit_readlock",            SQLITE_NoReadlock    },

    /* TODO: Maybe it shouldn't be possible to change the ReadUncommitted
    ** flag if there are any active statements. */
    { "read_uncommitted",         SQLITE_ReadUncommitted },
    { "disable_recursive_triggers", SQLITE_NoRecTriggers },
  };
  int i;
  const struct sPragmaType *p;
  for(i=0, p=aPragma; i<ArraySize(aPragma); i++, p++){
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(zLeft, p->zName)==0 ){
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
      Vdbe *v;

  if( zErrMsg ){
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, "%s", zErrMsg);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
  }else{
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
  }









end_prepare:

  sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
  return rc;

  if( zErrMsg ){
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, "%s", zErrMsg);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
  }else{
    sqlite3Error(db, rc, 0);
  }

  /* Delete any TriggerPrg structures allocated while parsing this statement. */
  while( pParse->pTriggerPrg ){
    TriggerPrg *pT = pParse->pTriggerPrg;
    pParse->pTriggerPrg = pT->pNext;
    sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(db, pT->pProgram, 0);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pT);
  }

end_prepare:

  sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
  return rc;

  int cnt = 0;                      /* Number of matching column names */
  int cntTab = 0;                   /* Number of matching table names */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;       /* Use for looping over pSrcList items */
  struct SrcList_item *pMatch = 0;  /* The matching pSrcList item */
  NameContext *pTopNC = pNC;        /* First namecontext in the list */
  Schema *pSchema = 0;              /* Schema of the expression */


  assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
  assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
  assert( ~ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );

  /* Initialize the node to no-match */
  pExpr->iTable = -1;
................................................................................
      }
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    /* If we have not already resolved the name, then maybe 
    ** it is a new.* or old.* trigger argument reference
    */
    if( zDb==0 && zTab!=0 && cnt==0 && pParse->trigStack!=0 ){
      TriggerStack *pTriggerStack = pParse->trigStack;
      Table *pTab = 0;
      u32 *piColMask = 0;
      if( pTriggerStack->newIdx != -1 && sqlite3StrICmp("new", zTab) == 0 ){
        pExpr->iTable = pTriggerStack->newIdx;
        assert( pTriggerStack->pTab );
        pTab = pTriggerStack->pTab;
        piColMask = &(pTriggerStack->newColMask);
      }else if( pTriggerStack->oldIdx != -1 && sqlite3StrICmp("old", zTab)==0 ){
        pExpr->iTable = pTriggerStack->oldIdx;
        assert( pTriggerStack->pTab );
        pTab = pTriggerStack->pTab;
        piColMask = &(pTriggerStack->oldColMask);

      }

      if( pTab ){ 
        int iCol;
        Column *pCol = pTab->aCol;

        pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
        cntTab++;



        for(iCol=0; iCol < pTab->nCol; iCol++, pCol++) {

          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){








            cnt++;
            pExpr->iColumn = iCol==pTab->iPKey ? -1 : (i16)iCol;
            pExpr->pTab = pTab;



            testcase( iCol==31 );
            testcase( iCol==32 );
            if( iCol>=32 ){
              *piColMask = 0xffffffff;
            }else{
              *piColMask |= ((u32)1)<<iCol;

            }
            break;
          }



        }
      }
    }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */

    /*
    ** Perhaps the name is a reference to the ROWID
................................................................................

  /* Clean up and return
  */
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
  pExpr->pLeft = 0;
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
  pExpr->pRight = 0;
  pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
lookupname_end:
  if( cnt==1 ){
    assert( pNC!=0 );
    sqlite3AuthRead(pParse, pExpr, pSchema, pNC->pSrcList);
    /* Increment the nRef value on all name contexts from TopNC up to
    ** the point where the name matched. */
    for(;;){

  int cnt = 0;                      /* Number of matching column names */
  int cntTab = 0;                   /* Number of matching table names */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;         /* The database connection */
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;       /* Use for looping over pSrcList items */
  struct SrcList_item *pMatch = 0;  /* The matching pSrcList item */
  NameContext *pTopNC = pNC;        /* First namecontext in the list */
  Schema *pSchema = 0;              /* Schema of the expression */
  int isTrigger = 0;

  assert( pNC );     /* the name context cannot be NULL. */
  assert( zCol );    /* The Z in X.Y.Z cannot be NULL */
  assert( ~ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly|EP_Reduced) );

  /* Initialize the node to no-match */
  pExpr->iTable = -1;
................................................................................
      }
    }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    /* If we have not already resolved the name, then maybe 
    ** it is a new.* or old.* trigger argument reference
    */
    if( zDb==0 && zTab!=0 && cnt==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab!=0 ){
      int op = pParse->eTriggerOp;
      Table *pTab = 0;
      assert( op==TK_DELETE || op==TK_UPDATE || op==TK_INSERT );
      if( op!=TK_DELETE && sqlite3StrICmp("new",zTab) == 0 ){
        pExpr->iTable = 1;
        pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;


      }else if( op!=TK_INSERT && sqlite3StrICmp("old",zTab)==0 ){
        pExpr->iTable = 0;



        pTab = pParse->pTriggerTab;
      }

      if( pTab ){ 
        int iCol;


        pSchema = pTab->pSchema;
        cntTab++;
        if( sqlite3IsRowid(zCol) ){
          iCol = -1;
        }else{
          for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
            Column *pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
            if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
              if( iCol==pTab->iPKey ){
                iCol = -1;
              }
              break;
            }
          }
        }
        if( iCol<pTab->nCol ){
          cnt++;


          if( iCol<0 ){
            pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
          }else if( pExpr->iTable==0 ){
            testcase( iCol==31 );
            testcase( iCol==32 );




            pParse->oldmask |= (iCol>=32 ? 0xffffffff : (((u32)1)<<iCol));
          }


          pExpr->iColumn = iCol;
          pExpr->pTab = pTab;
          isTrigger = 1;
        }
      }
    }
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */

    /*
    ** Perhaps the name is a reference to the ROWID
................................................................................

  /* Clean up and return
  */
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pLeft);
  pExpr->pLeft = 0;
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
  pExpr->pRight = 0;
  pExpr->op = (isTrigger ? TK_TRIGGER : TK_COLUMN);
lookupname_end:
  if( cnt==1 ){
    assert( pNC!=0 );
    sqlite3AuthRead(pParse, pExpr, pSchema, pNC->pSrcList);
    /* Increment the nRef value on all name contexts from TopNC up to
    ** the point where the name matched. */
    for(;;){

  ** refer to the subquery even after flattening.  Ticket #3346.
  **
  ** pSubitem->pTab is always non-NULL by test restrictions and tests above.
  */
  if( ALWAYS(pSubitem->pTab!=0) ){
    Table *pTabToDel = pSubitem->pTab;
    if( pTabToDel->nRef==1 ){

      pTabToDel->pNextZombie = pParse->pZombieTab;
      pParse->pZombieTab = pTabToDel;
    }else{
      pTabToDel->nRef--;
    }
    pSubitem->pTab = 0;
  }

  /* The following loop runs once for each term in a compound-subquery

  ** refer to the subquery even after flattening.  Ticket #3346.
  **
  ** pSubitem->pTab is always non-NULL by test restrictions and tests above.
  */
  if( ALWAYS(pSubitem->pTab!=0) ){
    Table *pTabToDel = pSubitem->pTab;
    if( pTabToDel->nRef==1 ){
      Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
      pTabToDel->pNextZombie = pToplevel->pZombieTab;
      pToplevel->pZombieTab = pTabToDel;
    }else{
      pTabToDel->nRef--;
    }
    pSubitem->pTab = 0;
  }

  /* The following loop runs once for each term in a compound-subquery

typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
typedef struct Select Select;
typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
typedef struct Table Table;
typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
typedef struct Token Token;
typedef struct TriggerStack TriggerStack;
typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
typedef struct VTable VTable;
typedef struct Walker Walker;
typedef struct WherePlan WherePlan;
typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
................................................................................
#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x00004000 /* For shared-cache mode */
#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
#define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00010000  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension */

#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00040000  /* Ignore schema errors */
#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00100000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */


/*
** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
** than being distinct from one another.
*/
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
................................................................................

  /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
  *********************************************************************/

  int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
                         ** TK_REGISTER: register number */

  i16 iColumn;           /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid */
  i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
  i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
  u8 flags2;             /* Second set of flags.  EP2_... */
  u8 op2;                /* If a TK_REGISTER, the original value of Expr.op */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
................................................................................
/*
** Size of the column cache
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
# define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
#endif


























/*
** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
**
** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
  int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
  TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
#endif
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
  AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */









  /* Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
  ** each recursion */

  int nVar;            /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
  int nVarExpr;        /* Number of used slots in apVarExpr[] */
  int nVarExprAlloc;   /* Number of allocated slots in apVarExpr[] */
................................................................................
  int *aAlias;         /* Register used to hold aliased result */
  u8 explain;          /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
  Token sNameToken;    /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
  Token sLastToken;    /* The last token parsed */
  const char *zTail;   /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
  Table *pNewTable;    /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
  Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */
  TriggerStack *trigStack;  /* Trigger actions being coded */
  const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  Token sArg;                /* Complete text of a module argument */
  u8 declareVtab;            /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
  int nVtabLock;             /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
  Table **apVtabLock;        /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
#endif
  int nHeight;            /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
  Table *pZombieTab;      /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */

};

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
#else
  #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
#endif
................................................................................
 *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
 *    struct Table.
 *
 * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
 * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
 */
struct Trigger {
  char *name;             /* The name of the trigger                        */
  char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
  u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
  u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
  Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
  IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
                             the <column-list> is stored here */
  Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
................................................................................
  Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
  ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE.  VALUES clause for INSERT */
  IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
  TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
  TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
};

/*
 * An instance of struct TriggerStack stores information required during code
 * generation of a single trigger program. While the trigger program is being
 * coded, its associated TriggerStack instance is pointed to by the
 * "pTriggerStack" member of the Parse structure.
 *
 * The pTab member points to the table that triggers are being coded on. The 
 * newIdx member contains the index of the vdbe cursor that points at the temp
 * table that stores the new.* references. If new.* references are not valid
 * for the trigger being coded (for example an ON DELETE trigger), then newIdx
 * is set to -1. The oldIdx member is analogous to newIdx, for old.* references.
 *
 * The ON CONFLICT policy to be used for the trigger program steps is stored 
 * as the orconf member. If this is OE_Default, then the ON CONFLICT clause 
 * specified for individual triggers steps is used.
 *
 * struct TriggerStack has a "pNext" member, to allow linked lists to be
 * constructed. When coding nested triggers (triggers fired by other triggers)
 * each nested trigger stores its parent trigger's TriggerStack as the "pNext" 
 * pointer. Once the nested trigger has been coded, the pNext value is restored
 * to the pTriggerStack member of the Parse stucture and coding of the parent
 * trigger continues.
 *
 * Before a nested trigger is coded, the linked list pointed to by the 
 * pTriggerStack is scanned to ensure that the trigger is not about to be coded
 * recursively. If this condition is detected, the nested trigger is not coded.
 */
struct TriggerStack {
  Table *pTab;         /* Table that triggers are currently being coded on */
  int newIdx;          /* Index of vdbe cursor to "new" temp table */
  int oldIdx;          /* Index of vdbe cursor to "old" temp table */
  u32 newColMask;
  u32 oldColMask;
  int orconf;          /* Current orconf policy */
  int ignoreJump;      /* where to jump to for a RAISE(IGNORE) */
  Trigger *pTrigger;   /* The trigger currently being coded */
  TriggerStack *pNext; /* Next trigger down on the trigger stack */
};

/*
** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
** explicit.  
*/
typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
struct DbFixer {
................................................................................
int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int,int,int);
int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
................................................................................
  void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
                           Expr*,int, int);
  void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
  void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
  void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
  Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
  Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
  int sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
                            int, int, int, int, u32*, u32*);
  void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
  void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
                                        ExprList*,Select*,u8);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
  void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
  void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);


#else
# define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
# define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
# define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
# define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
# define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L) 0
# define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0

#endif

int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);

typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
typedef struct Select Select;
typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
typedef struct Table Table;
typedef struct TableLock TableLock;
typedef struct Token Token;
typedef struct TriggerPrg TriggerPrg;
typedef struct TriggerStep TriggerStep;
typedef struct Trigger Trigger;
typedef struct UnpackedRecord UnpackedRecord;
typedef struct VTable VTable;
typedef struct Walker Walker;
typedef struct WherePlan WherePlan;
typedef struct WhereInfo WhereInfo;
................................................................................
#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x00004000 /* For shared-cache mode */
#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
#define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00010000  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension */

#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00040000  /* Ignore schema errors */
#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00100000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
#define SQLITE_NoRecTriggers  0x00200000  /* Disable recursive triggers */

/*
** Possible values for the sqlite.magic field.
** The numbers are obtained at random and have no special meaning, other
** than being distinct from one another.
*/
#define SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN     0xa029a697  /* Database is open */
................................................................................

  /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
  ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
  ** access them will result in a segfault or malfunction.
  *********************************************************************/

  int iTable;            /* TK_COLUMN: cursor number of table holding column
                         ** TK_REGISTER: register number
                         ** TK_TRIGGER: 1 -> new, 0 -> old */
  i16 iColumn;           /* TK_COLUMN: column index.  -1 for rowid */
  i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
  i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
  u8 flags2;             /* Second set of flags.  EP2_... */
  u8 op2;                /* If a TK_REGISTER, the original value of Expr.op */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
................................................................................
/*
** Size of the column cache
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_N_COLCACHE
# define SQLITE_N_COLCACHE 10
#endif

/*
** At least one instance of the following structure is created for each 
** trigger that may be fired while parsing an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
** statement. All such objects are stored in the linked list headed at
** Parse.pTriggerPrg and deleted once statement compilation has been
** completed.
**
** A Vdbe sub-program that implements the body and WHEN clause of trigger
** TriggerPrg.pTrigger, assuming a default ON CONFLICT clause of
** TriggerPrg.orconf, is stored in the TriggerPrg.pProgram variable.
** The Parse.pTriggerPrg list never contains two entries with the same
** values for both pTrigger and orconf.
**
** The TriggerPrg.oldmask variable is set to a mask of old.* columns
** accessed (or set to 0 for triggers fired as a result of INSERT 
** statements).
*/
struct TriggerPrg {
  Trigger *pTrigger;      /* Trigger this program was coded from */
  int orconf;             /* Default ON CONFLICT policy */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Program implementing pTrigger/orconf */
  u32 oldmask;            /* Mask of old.* columns accessed */
  TriggerPrg *pNext;      /* Next entry in Parse.pTriggerPrg list */
};

/*
** An SQL parser context.  A copy of this structure is passed through
** the parser and down into all the parser action routine in order to
** carry around information that is global to the entire parse.
**
** The structure is divided into two parts.  When the parser and code
** generate call themselves recursively, the first part of the structure
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
  int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
  TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
#endif
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
  AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
  int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */

  /* Information used while coding trigger programs. */
  Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
  Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
  u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
  u8 eTriggerOp;       /* TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT or TK_DELETE */
  u8 eOrconf;          /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */

  /* Above is constant between recursions.  Below is reset before and after
  ** each recursion */

  int nVar;            /* Number of '?' variables seen in the SQL so far */
  int nVarExpr;        /* Number of used slots in apVarExpr[] */
  int nVarExprAlloc;   /* Number of allocated slots in apVarExpr[] */
................................................................................
  int *aAlias;         /* Register used to hold aliased result */
  u8 explain;          /* True if the EXPLAIN flag is found on the query */
  Token sNameToken;    /* Token with unqualified schema object name */
  Token sLastToken;    /* The last token parsed */
  const char *zTail;   /* All SQL text past the last semicolon parsed */
  Table *pNewTable;    /* A table being constructed by CREATE TABLE */
  Trigger *pNewTrigger;     /* Trigger under construct by a CREATE TRIGGER */

  const char *zAuthContext; /* The 6th parameter to db->xAuth callbacks */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  Token sArg;                /* Complete text of a module argument */
  u8 declareVtab;            /* True if inside sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
  int nVtabLock;             /* Number of virtual tables to lock */
  Table **apVtabLock;        /* Pointer to virtual tables needing locking */
#endif
  int nHeight;            /* Expression tree height of current sub-select */
  Table *pZombieTab;      /* List of Table objects to delete after code gen */
  TriggerPrg *pTriggerPrg;    /* Linked list of coded triggers */
};

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB 0
#else
  #define IN_DECLARE_VTAB (pParse->declareVtab)
#endif
................................................................................
 *    linked list is stored as the "pTrigger" member of the associated
 *    struct Table.
 *
 * The "step_list" member points to the first element of a linked list
 * containing the SQL statements specified as the trigger program.
 */
struct Trigger {
  char *zName;            /* The name of the trigger                        */
  char *table;            /* The table or view to which the trigger applies */
  u8 op;                  /* One of TK_DELETE, TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT         */
  u8 tr_tm;               /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
  Expr *pWhen;            /* The WHEN clause of the expression (may be NULL) */
  IdList *pColumns;       /* If this is an UPDATE OF <column-list> trigger,
                             the <column-list> is stored here */
  Schema *pSchema;        /* Schema containing the trigger */
................................................................................
  Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
  ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE.  VALUES clause for INSERT */
  IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
  TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
  TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
};








































/*
** The following structure contains information used by the sqliteFix...
** routines as they walk the parse tree to make database references
** explicit.  
*/
typedef struct DbFixer DbFixer;
struct DbFixer {
................................................................................
int sqlite3ExprIsInteger(Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int);
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
................................................................................
  void sqlite3BeginTrigger(Parse*, Token*,Token*,int,int,IdList*,SrcList*,
                           Expr*,int, int);
  void sqlite3FinishTrigger(Parse*, TriggerStep*, Token*);
  void sqlite3DropTrigger(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
  void sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(Parse*, Trigger*);
  Trigger *sqlite3TriggersExist(Parse *, Table*, int, ExprList*, int *pMask);
  Trigger *sqlite3TriggerList(Parse *, Table *);
  void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(Parse*, Trigger *, int, ExprList*, int, Table *,
                            int, int, int, int);
  void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
  void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
                                        ExprList*,Select*,u8);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
  TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
  void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
  void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
  u32 sqlite3TriggerOldmask(Parse*,Trigger*,int,ExprList*,Table*,int);
# define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) ((p)->pToplevel ? (p)->pToplevel : (p))
#else
# define sqlite3TriggersExist(B,C,D,E,F) 0
# define sqlite3DeleteTrigger(A,B)
# define sqlite3DropTriggerPtr(A,B)
# define sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(A,B,C)
# define sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J)
# define sqlite3TriggerList(X, Y) 0
# define sqlite3ParseToplevel(p) p
#endif

int sqlite3JoinType(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*);
void sqlite3CreateForeignKey(Parse*, ExprList*, Token*, ExprList*, int);
void sqlite3DeferForeignKey(Parse*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  void sqlite3AuthRead(Parse*,Expr*,Schema*,SrcList*);

  if (tr_tm == TK_INSTEAD){
    tr_tm = TK_BEFORE;
  }

  /* Build the Trigger object */
  pTrigger = (Trigger*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Trigger));
  if( pTrigger==0 ) goto trigger_cleanup;
  pTrigger->name = zName;
  zName = 0;
  pTrigger->table = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTableName->a[0].zName);
  pTrigger->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
  pTrigger->pTabSchema = pTab->pSchema;
  pTrigger->op = (u8)op;
  pTrigger->tr_tm = tr_tm==TK_BEFORE ? TRIGGER_BEFORE : TRIGGER_AFTER;
  pTrigger->pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhen, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
................................................................................
  DbFixer sFix;
  int iDb;                                 /* Database containing the trigger */
  Token nameToken;           /* Trigger name for error reporting */

  pTrig = pParse->pNewTrigger;
  pParse->pNewTrigger = 0;
  if( NEVER(pParse->nErr) || !pTrig ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
  zName = pTrig->name;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrig->pSchema);
  pTrig->step_list = pStepList;
  while( pStepList ){
    pStepList->pTrig = pTrig;
    pStepList = pStepList->pNext;
  }
  nameToken.z = pTrig->name;
  nameToken.n = sqlite3Strlen30(nameToken.z);
  if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "trigger", &nameToken) 
          && sqlite3FixTriggerStep(&sFix, pTrig->step_list) ){
    goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
  }

  /* if we are not initializing, and this trigger is not on a TEMP table, 
................................................................................

/* 
** Recursively delete a Trigger structure
*/
void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, Trigger *pTrigger){
  if( pTrigger==0 ) return;
  sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(db, pTrigger->step_list);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger->name);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger->table);
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTrigger->pWhen);
  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTrigger->pColumns);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger);
}

/*
................................................................................
  assert( pTable->pSchema==pTrigger->pSchema || iDb==1 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  {
    int code = SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER;
    const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
    const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
    if( iDb==1 ) code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER;
    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pTrigger->name, pTable->zName, zDb) ||
      sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb) ){
      return;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Generate code to destroy the database record of the trigger.
................................................................................
      { OP_Delete,     0, 0,        0},
      { OP_Next,       0, ADDR(1),  0}, /* 8 */
    };

    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
    base = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v,  ArraySize(dropTrigger), dropTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+1, pTrigger->name, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+4, "trigger", P4_STATIC);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->name, 0);
    if( pParse->nMem<3 ){
      pParse->nMem = 3;
    }
  }
}

/*
................................................................................
      pSrc->a[pSrc->nSrc-1].zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
    }
  }
  return pSrc;
}

/*
** Generate VDBE code for zero or more statements inside the body of a
** trigger.  
*/
static int codeTriggerProgram(
  Parse *pParse,            /* The parser context */
  TriggerStep *pStepList,   /* List of statements inside the trigger body */
  int orconfin              /* Conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, etc) */  
){
  TriggerStep * pTriggerStep = pStepList;
  int orconf;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  assert( pTriggerStep!=0 );
  assert( v!=0 );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ContextPush, 0, 0);
  VdbeComment((v, "begin trigger %s", pStepList->pTrig->name));
  while( pTriggerStep ){
    sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
    orconf = (orconfin == OE_Default)?pTriggerStep->orconf:orconfin;
    pParse->trigStack->orconf = orconf;
    switch( pTriggerStep->op ){
      case TK_UPDATE: {
        SrcList *pSrc;
        pSrc = targetSrcList(pParse, pTriggerStep);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 0, 0);
        sqlite3Update(pParse, pSrc,
                sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTriggerStep->pExprList, 0), 
                sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTriggerStep->pWhere, 0), orconf);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 1, 0);
        break;
      }
      case TK_INSERT: {
        SrcList *pSrc;
        pSrc = targetSrcList(pParse, pTriggerStep);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 0, 0);
        sqlite3Insert(pParse, pSrc,
          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pTriggerStep->pExprList, 0), 
          sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTriggerStep->pSelect, 0), 
          sqlite3IdListDup(db, pTriggerStep->pIdList), orconf);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 1, 0);
        break;
      }
      case TK_DELETE: {
        SrcList *pSrc;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 0, 0);
        pSrc = targetSrcList(pParse, pTriggerStep);
        sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, pSrc, 
                          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTriggerStep->pWhere, 0));
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResetCount, 1, 0);
        break;
      }
      default: assert( pTriggerStep->op==TK_SELECT ); {
        Select *ss = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTriggerStep->pSelect, 0);
        if( ss ){
          SelectDest dest;

          sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Discard, 0);
          sqlite3Select(pParse, ss, &dest);
          sqlite3SelectDelete(db, ss);
        }




        break;
      }
    } 










































































    pTriggerStep = pTriggerStep->pNext;

  }

















































  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ContextPop, 0, 0);
  VdbeComment((v, "end trigger %s", pStepList->pTrig->name));

















  return 0;
}



































/*
** This is called to code FOR EACH ROW triggers.
**
** When the code that this function generates is executed, the following 
** must be true:
**
................................................................................
** are set to values that describe the columns used by the trigger program
** in the OLD.* and NEW.* tables respectively. If column N of the 
** pseudo-table is read at least once, the corresponding bit of the output
** mask is set. If a column with an index greater than 32 is read, the
** output mask is set to the special value 0xffffffff.
**
*/
int sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context */
  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* List of triggers on table pTab */
  int op,              /* One of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_DELETE */
  ExprList *pChanges,  /* Changes list for any UPDATE OF triggers */
  int tr_tm,           /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
  Table *pTab,         /* The table to code triggers from */
  int newIdx,          /* The indice of the "new" row to access */
  int oldIdx,          /* The indice of the "old" row to access */
  int orconf,          /* ON CONFLICT policy */
  int ignoreJump,      /* Instruction to jump to for RAISE(IGNORE) */
  u32 *piOldColMask,   /* OUT: Mask of columns used from the OLD.* table */
  u32 *piNewColMask    /* OUT: Mask of columns used from the NEW.* table */
){
  Trigger *p;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  TriggerStack trigStackEntry;

  trigStackEntry.oldColMask = 0;
  trigStackEntry.newColMask = 0;

  assert(op == TK_UPDATE || op == TK_INSERT || op == TK_DELETE);
  assert(tr_tm == TRIGGER_BEFORE || tr_tm == TRIGGER_AFTER );

  assert(newIdx != -1 || oldIdx != -1);

  for(p=pTrigger; p; p=p->pNext){
    int fire_this = 0;

    /* Sanity checking:  The schema for the trigger and for the table are
    ** always defined.  The trigger must be in the same schema as the table
    ** or else it must be a TEMP trigger. */
    assert( p->pSchema!=0 );
    assert( p->pTabSchema!=0 );
    assert( p->pSchema==p->pTabSchema || p->pSchema==db->aDb[1].pSchema );

    /* Determine whether we should code this trigger */
    if( 
      p->op==op && 
      p->tr_tm==tr_tm && 
      checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns,pChanges)
    ){
      TriggerStack *pS;      /* Pointer to trigger-stack entry */
      for(pS=pParse->trigStack; pS && p!=pS->pTrigger; pS=pS->pNext){}
      if( !pS ){
        fire_this = 1;
      }
#if 0    /* Give no warning for recursive triggers.  Just do not do them */
      else{
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "recursive triggers not supported (%s)",
            p->name);
        return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
#endif
    }
 
    if( fire_this ){
      int endTrigger;
      Expr * whenExpr;
      AuthContext sContext;
      NameContext sNC;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Trace, 0, 0, 0,
                        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", p->name),
                        P4_DYNAMIC);
#endif
      memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
      sNC.pParse = pParse;

      /* Push an entry on to the trigger stack */
      trigStackEntry.pTrigger = p;
      trigStackEntry.newIdx = newIdx;
      trigStackEntry.oldIdx = oldIdx;
      trigStackEntry.pTab = pTab;
      trigStackEntry.pNext = pParse->trigStack;
      trigStackEntry.ignoreJump = ignoreJump;
      pParse->trigStack = &trigStackEntry;
      sqlite3AuthContextPush(pParse, &sContext, p->name);

      /* code the WHEN clause */
      endTrigger = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(pParse->pVdbe);
      whenExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pWhen, 0);
      if( db->mallocFailed || sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, whenExpr) ){
        pParse->trigStack = trigStackEntry.pNext;
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, whenExpr);
        return 1;
      }
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, whenExpr, endTrigger, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, whenExpr);

      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      codeTriggerProgram(pParse, p->step_list, orconf); 
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse, 1);

      /* Pop the entry off the trigger stack */
      pParse->trigStack = trigStackEntry.pNext;
      sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);

      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(pParse->pVdbe, endTrigger);
    }
  }
  if( piOldColMask ) *piOldColMask |= trigStackEntry.oldColMask;
  if( piNewColMask ) *piNewColMask |= trigStackEntry.newColMask;
  return 0;
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */

  if (tr_tm == TK_INSTEAD){
    tr_tm = TK_BEFORE;
  }

  /* Build the Trigger object */
  pTrigger = (Trigger*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Trigger));
  if( pTrigger==0 ) goto trigger_cleanup;
  pTrigger->zName = zName;
  zName = 0;
  pTrigger->table = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTableName->a[0].zName);
  pTrigger->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
  pTrigger->pTabSchema = pTab->pSchema;
  pTrigger->op = (u8)op;
  pTrigger->tr_tm = tr_tm==TK_BEFORE ? TRIGGER_BEFORE : TRIGGER_AFTER;
  pTrigger->pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhen, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
................................................................................
  DbFixer sFix;
  int iDb;                                 /* Database containing the trigger */
  Token nameToken;           /* Trigger name for error reporting */

  pTrig = pParse->pNewTrigger;
  pParse->pNewTrigger = 0;
  if( NEVER(pParse->nErr) || !pTrig ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
  zName = pTrig->zName;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTrig->pSchema);
  pTrig->step_list = pStepList;
  while( pStepList ){
    pStepList->pTrig = pTrig;
    pStepList = pStepList->pNext;
  }
  nameToken.z = pTrig->zName;
  nameToken.n = sqlite3Strlen30(nameToken.z);
  if( sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "trigger", &nameToken) 
          && sqlite3FixTriggerStep(&sFix, pTrig->step_list) ){
    goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
  }

  /* if we are not initializing, and this trigger is not on a TEMP table, 
................................................................................

/* 
** Recursively delete a Trigger structure
*/
void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3 *db, Trigger *pTrigger){
  if( pTrigger==0 ) return;
  sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(db, pTrigger->step_list);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger->zName);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger->table);
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pTrigger->pWhen);
  sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTrigger->pColumns);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTrigger);
}

/*
................................................................................
  assert( pTable->pSchema==pTrigger->pSchema || iDb==1 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
  {
    int code = SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER;
    const char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName;
    const char *zTab = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
    if( iDb==1 ) code = SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER;
    if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, code, pTrigger->zName, pTable->zName, zDb) ||
      sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_DELETE, zTab, 0, zDb) ){
      return;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Generate code to destroy the database record of the trigger.
................................................................................
      { OP_Delete,     0, 0,        0},
      { OP_Next,       0, ADDR(1),  0}, /* 8 */
    };

    sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
    sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
    base = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v,  ArraySize(dropTrigger), dropTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+1, pTrigger->zName, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, base+4, "trigger", P4_STATIC);
    sqlite3ChangeCookie(pParse, iDb);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_DropTrigger, iDb, 0, 0, pTrigger->zName, 0);
    if( pParse->nMem<3 ){
      pParse->nMem = 3;
    }
  }
}

/*
................................................................................
      pSrc->a[pSrc->nSrc-1].zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
    }
  }
  return pSrc;
}

/*
** Generate VDBE code for the statements inside the body of a single 
** trigger.
*/
static int codeTriggerProgram(
  Parse *pParse,            /* The parser context */
  TriggerStep *pStepList,   /* List of statements inside the trigger body */
  int orconf                /* Conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, etc) */  
){
  TriggerStep *pStep;

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  assert( pParse->pTriggerTab && pParse->pToplevel );
  assert( pStepList );
  assert( v!=0 );
  for(pStep=pStepList; pStep; pStep=pStep->pNext){
    /* Figure out the ON CONFLICT policy that will be used for this step
    ** of the trigger program. If the statement that caused this trigger
    ** to fire had an explicit ON CONFLICT, then use it. Otherwise, use
    ** the ON CONFLICT policy that was specified as part of the trigger
    ** step statement. Example:
    **
    **   CREATE TRIGGER AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN;
    **     INSERT OR REPLACE INTO t2 VALUES(new.a, new.b);
    **   END;
    **
    **   INSERT INTO t1 ... ;            -- insert into t2 uses REPLACE policy
    **   INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 ... ;  -- insert into t2 uses IGNORE policy
    */
    pParse->eOrconf = (orconf==OE_Default)?pStep->orconf:orconf;

    switch( pStep->op ){
      case TK_UPDATE: {
        sqlite3Update(pParse, 
          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 
          pParse->eOrconf
        );
        break;
      }
      case TK_INSERT: {
        sqlite3Insert(pParse, 
          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
          sqlite3SelectDup(db, pStep->pSelect, 0), 
          sqlite3IdListDup(db, pStep->pIdList), 
          pParse->eOrconf
        );
        break;
      }
      case TK_DELETE: {
        sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, 
          targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0)
        );
        break;
      }
      default: assert( pStep->op==TK_SELECT ); {
        SelectDest sDest;
        Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pStep->pSelect, 0);
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&sDest, SRT_Discard, 0);
        sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &sDest);
        sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
        break;
      }
    } 
    if( pStep->op!=TK_SELECT ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetCount, 1);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** This function is used to add VdbeComment() annotations to a VDBE
** program. It is not used in production code, only for debugging.
*/
static const char *onErrorText(int onError){
  switch( onError ){
    case OE_Abort:    return "abort";
    case OE_Rollback: return "rollback";
    case OE_Fail:     return "fail";
    case OE_Replace:  return "replace";
    case OE_Ignore:   return "ignore";
    case OE_Default:  return "default";
  }
  return "n/a";
}
#endif

/*
** Parse context structure pFrom has just been used to create a sub-vdbe
** (trigger program). If an error has occurred, transfer error information
** from pFrom to pTo.
*/
static void transferParseError(Parse *pTo, Parse *pFrom){
  assert( pFrom->zErrMsg==0 || pFrom->nErr );
  assert( pTo->zErrMsg==0 || pTo->nErr );
  if( pTo->nErr==0 ){
    pTo->zErrMsg = pFrom->zErrMsg;
    pTo->nErr = pFrom->nErr;
  }else{
    sqlite3DbFree(pFrom->db, pFrom->zErrMsg);
  }
}

/*
** Create and populate a new TriggerPrg object with a sub-program 
** implementing trigger pTrigger with ON CONFLICT policy orconf.
*/
static TriggerPrg *codeRowTrigger(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Current parse context */
  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* Trigger to code */
  Table *pTab,         /* The table pTrigger is attached to */
  int orconf           /* ON CONFLICT policy to code trigger program with */
){
  Parse *pTop = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* Database handle */
  TriggerPrg *pPrg;           /* Value to return */
  Expr *pWhen = 0;            /* Duplicate of trigger WHEN expression */
  Vdbe *v;                    /* Temporary VM */
  NameContext sNC;            /* Name context for sub-vdbe */
  SubProgram *pProgram = 0;   /* Sub-vdbe for trigger program */
  Parse *pSubParse;           /* Parse context for sub-vdbe */
  int iEndTrigger = 0;        /* Label to jump to if WHEN is false */

  assert( pTab==tableOfTrigger(pTrigger) );

  /* Allocate the TriggerPrg and SubProgram objects. To ensure that they
  ** are freed if an error occurs, link them into the Parse.pTriggerPrg 
  ** list of the top-level Parse object sooner rather than later.  */
  pPrg = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerPrg));
  if( !pPrg ) return 0;
  pPrg->pNext = pTop->pTriggerPrg;
  pTop->pTriggerPrg = pPrg;
  pPrg->pProgram = pProgram = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(SubProgram));
  if( !pProgram ) return 0;
  pProgram->nRef = 1;
  pPrg->pTrigger = pTrigger;
  pPrg->orconf = orconf;

  /* Allocate and populate a new Parse context to use for coding the 
  ** trigger sub-program.  */
  pSubParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(Parse));
  if( !pSubParse ) return 0;
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = pSubParse;
  pSubParse->db = db;
  pSubParse->pTriggerTab = pTab;
  pSubParse->pToplevel = pTop;
  pSubParse->zAuthContext = pTrigger->zName;
  pSubParse->eTriggerOp = pTrigger->op;

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pSubParse);
  if( v ){
    VdbeComment((v, "Start: %s.%s (%s %s%s%s ON %s)", 
      pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf),
      (pTrigger->tr_tm==TRIGGER_BEFORE ? "BEFORE" : "AFTER"),
        (pTrigger->op==TK_UPDATE ? "UPDATE" : ""),
        (pTrigger->op==TK_INSERT ? "INSERT" : ""),
        (pTrigger->op==TK_DELETE ? "DELETE" : ""),
      pTab->zName
    ));
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
      sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
    );
#endif

    /* If one was specified, code the WHEN clause. If it evaluates to false
    ** (or NULL) the sub-vdbe is immediately halted by jumping to the 
    ** OP_Halt inserted at the end of the program.  */
    if( pTrigger->pWhen ){
      pWhen = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pTrigger->pWhen, 0);
      if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhen) 
       && db->mallocFailed==0 
      ){
        iEndTrigger = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
        sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pSubParse, pWhen, iEndTrigger, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      }
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhen);
    }

    /* Code the trigger program into the sub-vdbe. */
    codeTriggerProgram(pSubParse, pTrigger->step_list, orconf);

    /* Insert an OP_Halt at the end of the sub-program. */
    if( iEndTrigger ){
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEndTrigger);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);

    VdbeComment((v, "End: %s.%s", pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf)));

    transferParseError(pParse, pSubParse);
    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
      pProgram->aOp = sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(v, &pProgram->nOp, &pTop->nMaxArg);
    }
    pProgram->nMem = pSubParse->nMem;
    pProgram->nCsr = pSubParse->nTab;
    pProgram->token = (void *)pTrigger;
    pPrg->oldmask = pSubParse->oldmask;
    sqlite3VdbeDelete(v);
  }

  assert( !pSubParse->pAinc       && !pSubParse->pZombieTab );
  assert( !pSubParse->pTriggerPrg && !pSubParse->nMaxArg );
  sqlite3StackFree(db, pSubParse);

  return pPrg;
}
    
/*
** Return a pointer to a TriggerPrg object containing the sub-program for
** trigger pTrigger with default ON CONFLICT algorithm orconf. If no such
** TriggerPrg object exists, a new object is allocated and populated before
** being returned.
*/
static TriggerPrg *getRowTrigger(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Current parse context */
  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* Trigger to code */
  Table *pTab,         /* The table trigger pTrigger is attached to */
  int orconf           /* ON CONFLICT algorithm. */
){
  Parse *pRoot = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
  TriggerPrg *pPrg;

  assert( pTab==tableOfTrigger(pTrigger) );

  /* It may be that this trigger has already been coded (or is in the
  ** process of being coded). If this is the case, then an entry with
  ** a matching TriggerPrg.pTrigger field will be present somewhere
  ** in the Parse.pTriggerPrg list. Search for such an entry.  */
  for(pPrg=pRoot->pTriggerPrg; 
      pPrg && (pPrg->pTrigger!=pTrigger || pPrg->orconf!=orconf); 
      pPrg=pPrg->pNext
  );

  /* If an existing TriggerPrg could not be located, create a new one. */
  if( !pPrg ){
    pPrg = codeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, pTab, orconf);
  }

  return pPrg;
}

/*
** This is called to code FOR EACH ROW triggers.
**
** When the code that this function generates is executed, the following 
** must be true:
**
................................................................................
** are set to values that describe the columns used by the trigger program
** in the OLD.* and NEW.* tables respectively. If column N of the 
** pseudo-table is read at least once, the corresponding bit of the output
** mask is set. If a column with an index greater than 32 is read, the
** output mask is set to the special value 0xffffffff.
**
*/
void sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context */
  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* List of triggers on table pTab */
  int op,              /* One of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT, TK_DELETE */
  ExprList *pChanges,  /* Changes list for any UPDATE OF triggers */
  int tr_tm,           /* One of TRIGGER_BEFORE, TRIGGER_AFTER */
  Table *pTab,         /* The table to code triggers from */
  int newIdx,          /* The indice of the "new" row to access */
  int oldIdx,          /* The indice of the "old" row to access */
  int orconf,          /* ON CONFLICT policy */
  int ignoreJump       /* Instruction to jump to for RAISE(IGNORE) */


){
  Trigger *p;






  assert(op == TK_UPDATE || op == TK_INSERT || op == TK_DELETE);
  assert(tr_tm == TRIGGER_BEFORE || tr_tm == TRIGGER_AFTER );



  for(p=pTrigger; p; p=p->pNext){


    /* Sanity checking:  The schema for the trigger and for the table are
    ** always defined.  The trigger must be in the same schema as the table
    ** or else it must be a TEMP trigger. */
    assert( p->pSchema!=0 );
    assert( p->pTabSchema!=0 );
    assert( p->pSchema==p->pTabSchema 
         || p->pSchema==pParse->db->aDb[1].pSchema );

    /* Determine whether we should code this trigger */
    if( p->op==op 
     && p->tr_tm==tr_tm 
     && checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns,pChanges)
    ){
      Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse); /* Main VM */
      TriggerPrg *pPrg;
      pPrg = getRowTrigger(pParse, p, pTab, orconf);
      assert( pPrg || pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed );

      /* Code the OP_Program opcode in the parent VDBE. P4 of the OP_Program 
      ** is a pointer to the sub-vdbe containing the trigger program.  */
      if( pPrg ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Program, oldIdx, ignoreJump, ++pParse->nMem);
        pPrg->pProgram->nRef++;
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (const char *)pPrg->pProgram, P4_SUBPROGRAM);
        VdbeComment((v, "Call: %s.%s", p->zName, onErrorText(orconf)));
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Triggers fired by UPDATE or DELETE statements may access values stored
** in the old.* pseudo-table. This function returns a 32-bit bitmask
** indicating which columns of the old.* table actually are used by
** triggers. This information may be used by the caller to avoid having
** to load the entire old.* record into memory when executing an UPDATE
** or DELETE command.
**
** Bit 0 of the returned mask is set if the left-most column of the
** table may be accessed using an old.<col> reference. Bit 1 is set if
** the second leftmost column value is required, and so on. If there
** are more than 32 columns in the table, and at least one of the columns
** with an index greater than 32 may be accessed, 0xffffffff is returned.
**
** It is not possible to determine if the old.rowid column is accessed
** by triggers. The caller must always assume that it is.
**
** There is no equivalent function for new.* references.
*/
u32 sqlite3TriggerOldmask(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context */
  Trigger *pTrigger,   /* List of triggers on table pTab */
  int op,              /* Either TK_UPDATE or TK_DELETE */
  ExprList *pChanges,  /* Changes list for any UPDATE OF triggers */
  Table *pTab,         /* The table to code triggers from */
  int orconf           /* Default ON CONFLICT policy for trigger steps */
){
  u32 mask = 0;
  Trigger *p;

  assert(op==TK_UPDATE || op==TK_DELETE);
  for(p=pTrigger; p; p=p->pNext){
    if( p->op==op && checkColumnOverlap(p->pColumns,pChanges) ){
      TriggerPrg *pPrg;
      pPrg = getRowTrigger(pParse, p, pTab, orconf);
      if( pPrg ){
        mask |= pPrg->oldmask;
      }
    }
  }

  return mask;
}

#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER) */

  int j1;                /* Addresses of jump instructions */
  int okOnePass;         /* True for one-pass algorithm without the FIFO */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                  /* Trying to update a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
#endif
  int iBeginAfterTrigger = 0;  /* Address of after trigger program */
  int iEndAfterTrigger = 0;    /* Exit of after trigger program */
  int iBeginBeforeTrigger = 0; /* Address of before trigger program */
  int iEndBeforeTrigger = 0;   /* Exit of before trigger program */
  u32 old_col_mask = 0;        /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */
  u32 new_col_mask = 0;        /* Mask of NEW.* columns in use */

  int newIdx      = -1;  /* index of trigger "new" temp table       */
  int oldIdx      = -1;  /* index of trigger "old" temp table       */

  /* Register Allocations */
  int regRowCount = 0;   /* A count of rows changed */
  int regOldRowid;       /* The old rowid */
  int regNewRowid;       /* The new rowid */
  int regData;           /* New data for the row */

  int regRowSet = 0;     /* Rowset of rows to be updated */


  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
................................................................................
  /* Locate the table which we want to update. 
  */
  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
  if( pTab==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);

  /* Figure out if we have any triggers and if the table being
  ** updated is a view
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 0);
  isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
#else
# define pTrigger 0
# define isView 0
................................................................................
  if( sqlite3IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, (pTrigger?1:0)) ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
  aXRef = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int) * pTab->nCol );
  if( aXRef==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++) aXRef[i] = -1;

  /* If there are FOR EACH ROW triggers, allocate cursors for the
  ** special OLD and NEW tables
  */
  if( pTrigger ){
    newIdx = pParse->nTab++;
    oldIdx = pParse->nTab++;
  }

  /* Allocate a cursors for the main database table and for all indices.
  ** The index cursors might not be used, but if they are used they
  ** need to occur right after the database cursor.  So go ahead and
  ** allocate enough space, just in case.
  */
  pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iCur = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
................................................................................
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    aRegIdx[j] = reg;
  }

  /* Allocate a block of register used to store the change record
  ** sent to sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks().  There are either
  ** one or two registers for holding the rowid.  One rowid register
  ** is used if chngRowid is false and two are used if chngRowid is
  ** true.  Following these are pTab->nCol register holding column
  ** data.
  */
  regOldRowid = regNewRowid = pParse->nMem + 1;
  pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol + 1;
  if( chngRowid ){
    regNewRowid++;
    pParse->nMem++;
  }
  regData = regNewRowid+1;
 

  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  /* Virtual tables must be handled separately */
................................................................................
                       pWhere);
    pWhere = 0;
    pTabList = 0;
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
#endif

  /* Start the view context
  */

  if( isView ){
    sqlite3AuthContextPush(pParse, &sContext, pTab->zName);

  }



  /* Generate the code for triggers.
  */
  if( pTrigger ){
    int iGoto;



    /* Create pseudo-tables for NEW and OLD
    */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, oldIdx, 0, pTab->nCol);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, newIdx, 0, pTab->nCol);


    iGoto = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    iBeginBeforeTrigger = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    if( sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
          TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, newIdx, oldIdx, onError, addr, 
          &old_col_mask, &new_col_mask) ){
      goto update_cleanup;
    }
    iEndBeforeTrigger = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
    iBeginAfterTrigger = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);


    if( sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
          TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, newIdx, oldIdx, onError, addr, 
          &old_col_mask, &new_col_mask) ){
      goto update_cleanup;
    }
    iEndAfterTrigger = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iGoto);
  }

  /* If we are trying to update a view, realize that view into
  ** a ephemeral table.
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  if( isView ){
    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iCur);
................................................................................

  /* End the database scan loop.
  */
  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);

  /* Initialize the count of updated rows
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows && !pParse->trigStack ){
    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
  }

  if( !isView ){
    /* 
    ** Open every index that needs updating.  Note that if any
................................................................................
        KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iCur+i+1, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                       (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
        assert( pParse->nTab>iCur+i+1 );
      }
    }
  }
  
  /* Jump back to this point if a trigger encounters an IGNORE constraint. */
  if( pTrigger ){
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
  }

  /* Top of the update loop */
  if( okOnePass ){
    int a1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regOldRowid);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, a1);
  }else{
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, regRowSet, 0, regOldRowid);
  }

  if( pTrigger ){
    int regRowid;
    int regRow;
    int regCols;

    /* Make cursor iCur point to the record that is being updated.
    */


    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, regOldRowid);





    /* Generate the OLD table
    */

    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, regRowid);
    if( !old_col_mask ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regRow);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iCur, regRow);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, oldIdx, regRow, regRowid);






    /* Generate the NEW table
    */

    if( chngRowid ){
      sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(pParse, pRowidExpr, regRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regRowid);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, regRowid);
    }
    regCols = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pTab->nCol);





    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regCols+i);
        continue;
      }

      j = aXRef[i];
      if( (i<32 && (new_col_mask&((u32)1<<i))!=0) || new_col_mask==0xffffffff ){
        if( j<0 ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regCols+i);
          sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, -1);
        }else{
          sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regCols+i);
        }
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regCols+i);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regCols, pTab->nCol, regRow);
    if( !isView ){
      sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol);
    }
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regCols, pTab->nCol);
    /* if( pParse->nErr ) goto update_cleanup; */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, newIdx, regRow, regRowid);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);




    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBeginBeforeTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iEndBeforeTrigger);



  }

  if( !isView ){
    /* Loop over every record that needs updating.  We have to load
    ** the old data for each record to be updated because some columns
    ** might not change and we will need to copy the old value.
    ** Also, the old data is needed to delete the old index entries.
    ** So make the cursor point at the old record.
    */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, regOldRowid);

    /* If the record number will change, push the record number as it
    ** will be after the update. (The old record number is currently
    ** on top of the stack.)
    */
    if( chngRowid ){
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowidExpr, regNewRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regNewRowid);
    }

    /* Compute new data for this record.  
    */
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regData+i);
        continue;
      }
      j = aXRef[i];
      if( j<0 ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regData+i);
        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regData+i);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regData+i);
      }
    }

    /* Do constraint checks
    */
    sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNewRowid,
                                    aRegIdx, chngRowid, 1,
                                    onError, addr, 0);

    /* Delete the old indices for the current record.
    */

    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regOldRowid);
    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);

    /* If changing the record number, delete the old record.
    */
    if( chngRowid ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

    /* Create the new index entries and the new record.
    */
    sqlite3CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNewRowid, 
                             aRegIdx, 1, -1, 0, 0);
  }

  /* Increment the row counter 
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows && !pParse->trigStack){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
  }

  /* If there are triggers, close all the cursors after each iteration
  ** through the loop.  The fire the after triggers.
  */
  if( pTrigger ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBeginAfterTrigger);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iEndAfterTrigger);
  }

  /* Repeat the above with the next record to be updated, until
  ** all record selected by the WHERE clause have been updated.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);

................................................................................
  /* Close all tables */
  for(i=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
    if( openAll || aRegIdx[i]>0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur+i+1, 0);
    }
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur, 0);
  if( pTrigger ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, newIdx, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, oldIdx, 0);
  }

  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->trigStack==0 ){
    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows that were changed. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows && !pParse->trigStack && pParse->nested==0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows updated", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

update_cleanup:
  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);

  int j1;                /* Addresses of jump instructions */
  int okOnePass;         /* True for one-pass algorithm without the FIFO */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  int isView;                  /* Trying to update a view */
  Trigger *pTrigger;           /* List of triggers on pTab, if required */
#endif




  u32 oldmask = 0;        /* Mask of OLD.* columns in use */





  /* Register Allocations */
  int regRowCount = 0;   /* A count of rows changed */
  int regOldRowid;       /* The old rowid */
  int regNewRowid;       /* The new rowid */
  int regNew;
  int regOld;
  int regRowSet = 0;     /* Rowset of rows to be updated */
  int regRec;            /* Register used for new table record to insert */

  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
  assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
................................................................................
  /* Locate the table which we want to update. 
  */
  pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
  if( pTab==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);

  /* Figure out if we have any triggers and if the table being
  ** updated is a view.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
  pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 0);
  isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
#else
# define pTrigger 0
# define isView 0
................................................................................
  if( sqlite3IsReadOnly(pParse, pTab, (pTrigger?1:0)) ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
  aXRef = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(int) * pTab->nCol );
  if( aXRef==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++) aXRef[i] = -1;









  /* Allocate a cursors for the main database table and for all indices.
  ** The index cursors might not be used, but if they are used they
  ** need to occur right after the database cursor.  So go ahead and
  ** allocate enough space, just in case.
  */
  pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iCur = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
................................................................................
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    aRegIdx[j] = reg;
  }

















  /* Begin generating code. */

  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  if( pParse->nested==0 ) sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(v);
  sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 1, iDb);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  /* Virtual tables must be handled separately */
................................................................................
                       pWhere);
    pWhere = 0;
    pTabList = 0;
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
#endif

  /* Allocate required registers. */

  regOldRowid = regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
  if( pTrigger ){
    regOld = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
  }
  if( chngRowid || pTrigger ){
    regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
  }



  regNew = pParse->nMem + 1;
  pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
  regRec = ++pParse->nMem;



  /* Start the view context. */
  if( isView ){
    sqlite3AuthContextPush(pParse, &sContext, pTab->zName);
  }










  /* If there are any triggers, set oldmask and new_col_mask. */
  oldmask = sqlite3TriggerOldmask(
      pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, pTab, onError);








  /* If we are trying to update a view, realize that view into
  ** a ephemeral table.
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  if( isView ){
    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iCur);
................................................................................

  /* End the database scan loop.
  */
  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);

  /* Initialize the count of updated rows
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
    regRowCount = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regRowCount);
  }

  if( !isView ){
    /* 
    ** Open every index that needs updating.  Note that if any
................................................................................
        KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenWrite, iCur+i+1, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                       (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
        assert( pParse->nTab>iCur+i+1 );
      }
    }
  }






  /* Top of the update loop */
  if( okOnePass ){
    int a1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NotNull, regOldRowid);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, a1);
  }else{
    addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, regRowSet, 0, regOldRowid);
  }






  /* Make cursor iCur point to the record that is being updated. If

  ** this record does not exist for some reason (deleted by a trigger,
  ** for example, then jump to the next iteration of the RowSet loop.  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addr, regOldRowid);

  /* If there are triggers on this table, populate an array of registers 
  ** with the required old.* column data.  */
  if( pTrigger ){
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( aXRef[i]<0 || oldmask==0xffffffff || (oldmask & (1<<i)) ){

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regOld+i);
        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regOld+i);




      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOld+i);
      }

    }
  }

  /* If the record number will change, set register regNewRowid to
  ** contain the new value. If the record number is not being modified,
  ** then regNewRowid is the same register as regOldRowid, which is
  ** already populated.  */

  assert( chngRowid || pTrigger || regOldRowid==regNewRowid );
  if( chngRowid ){
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowidExpr, regNewRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, regNewRowid);
  }else if( pTrigger ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regOldRowid, regNewRowid);
  }


  /* Populate the array of registers beginning at regNew with the new
  ** row data. This array is used to check constaints, create the new
  ** table and index records, and as the values for any new.* references
  ** made by triggers.  */
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);


    }else{
      j = aXRef[i];

      if( j<0 ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, i, regNew+i);
        sqlite3ColumnDefault(v, pTab, i, regNew+i);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regNew+i);
      }


    }
  }











  /* Fire any BEFORE UPDATE triggers. This happens before constraints are
  ** verified. One could argue that this is wrong.  */
  if( pTrigger ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, regNew, pTab->nCol);

    sqlite3TableAffinityStr(v, pTab);
    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
        TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, -1, regOldRowid, onError, addr);
  }

  if( !isView ){

































    /* Do constraint checks. */

    sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNewRowid,

        aRegIdx, (chngRowid?regOldRowid:0), 1, onError, addr, 0);



    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regOldRowid);
    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);
  
    /* If changing the record number, delete the old record.  */

    if( chngRowid ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);
  
    /* Insert the new index entries and the new record. */

    sqlite3CompleteInsertion(pParse, pTab, iCur, regNewRowid, aRegIdx, 1, 0, 0);

  }

  /* Increment the row counter 
  */
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->pTriggerTab){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, regRowCount, 1);
  }

  sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, TK_UPDATE, pChanges, 
      TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, -1, regOldRowid, onError, addr);






  /* Repeat the above with the next record to be updated, until
  ** all record selected by the WHERE clause have been updated.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);

................................................................................
  /* Close all tables */
  for(i=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
    if( openAll || aRegIdx[i]>0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur+i+1, 0);
    }
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, iCur, 0);





  /* Update the sqlite_sequence table by storing the content of the
  ** maximum rowid counter values recorded while inserting into
  ** autoincrement tables.
  */
  if( pParse->nested==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
    sqlite3AutoincrementEnd(pParse);
  }

  /*
  ** Return the number of rows that were changed. If this routine is 
  ** generating code because of a call to sqlite3NestedParse(), do not
  ** invoke the callback function.
  */
  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_CountRows) && !pParse->pTriggerTab && !pParse->nested ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regRowCount, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, 0, COLNAME_NAME, "rows updated", SQLITE_STATIC);
  }

update_cleanup:
  sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);

** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
**
** There is an implied "Halt 0 0 0" instruction inserted at the very end of
** every program.  So a jump past the last instruction of the program
** is the same as executing Halt.
*/
case OP_Halt: {


















  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->pc = pc;
  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;

  if( pOp->p4.z ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
  }
  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_OK );
  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is written
** written to register P2.
**
** If P3>0 then P3 is a register that holds the largest previously
** generated record number.  No new record numbers are allowed to be less
** than this value.  When this value reaches its maximum, a SQLITE_FULL
** error is generated.  The P3 register is updated with the generated
** record number.  This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
*/
case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
  VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
  int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
  int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
  Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */


  v = 0;
  res = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( NEVER(pC->pCursor==0) ){
................................................................................
            v++;
          }
        }
      }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
      if( pOp->p3 ){
        assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=p->nMem ); /* P3 is a valid memory cell */



        pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];




	REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pMem);
        sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pMem);
        assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
        if( pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || pC->useRandomRowid ){
          rc = SQLITE_FULL;
          goto abort_due_to_error;
        }
        if( v<pMem->u.i+1 ){
................................................................................
    sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn3->u.i);
  }
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER

/* Opcode: ContextPush * * * 
**
** Save the current Vdbe context such that it can be restored by a ContextPop
** opcode. The context stores the last insert row id, the last statement change
** count, and the current statement change count.








*/
case OP_ContextPush: {
  int i;
  Context *pContext;










  i = p->contextStackTop++;


  assert( i>=0 );
  /* FIX ME: This should be allocated as part of the vdbe at compile-time */
  if( i>=p->contextStackDepth ){
    p->contextStackDepth = i+1;
    p->contextStack = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(db, p->contextStack,
                                          sizeof(Context)*(i+1));









































    if( p->contextStack==0 ) goto no_mem;
  }
  pContext = &p->contextStack[i];






























  pContext->lastRowid = db->lastRowid;
  pContext->nChange = p->nChange;










  break;
}

/* Opcode: ContextPop * * * 
**
** Restore the Vdbe context to the state it was in when contextPush was last
** executed. The context stores the last insert row id, the last statement
** change count, and the current statement change count.









*/
case OP_ContextPop: {
  Context *pContext;
  pContext = &p->contextStack[--p->contextStackTop];
  assert( p->contextStackTop>=0 );
  db->lastRowid = pContext->lastRowid;
  p->nChange = pContext->nChange;






  break;
}

#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
/* Opcode: MemMax P1 P2 * * *
**


** Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of its current value
** and the value in register P2.
**
** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
** an integer.
*/
case OP_MemMax: {        /* in1, in2 */








  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }
  break;
}

** If P4 is not null then it is an error message string.
**
** There is an implied "Halt 0 0 0" instruction inserted at the very end of
** every program.  So a jump past the last instruction of the program
** is the same as executing Halt.
*/
case OP_Halt: {
  if( pOp->p1==SQLITE_OK && p->pFrame ){
    /* Halt the sub-program. Return control to the parent frame. */
    VdbeFrame *pFrame = p->pFrame;
    p->pFrame = pFrame->pParent;
    p->nFrame--;
    sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(db, p->nChange);
    pc = sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);
    if( pOp->p2==OE_Ignore ){
      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
    }
    break;
  }

  p->rc = pOp->p1;

  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
  p->pc = pc;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", pOp->p4.z);
  }
  rc = sqlite3VdbeHalt(p);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_OK );
  if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
    p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
................................................................................
/* Opcode: NewRowid P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Get a new integer record number (a.k.a "rowid") used as the key to a table.
** The record number is not previously used as a key in the database
** table that cursor P1 points to.  The new record number is written
** written to register P2.
**
** If P3>0 then P3 is a register in the root frame of this VDBE that holds 
** the largest previously generated record number. No new record numbers are
** allowed to be less than this value. When this value reaches its maximum, 
** a SQLITE_FULL error is generated. The P3 register is updated with the '
** generated record number. This P3 mechanism is used to help implement the
** AUTOINCREMENT feature.
*/
case OP_NewRowid: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  i64 v;                 /* The new rowid */
  VdbeCursor *pC;        /* Cursor of table to get the new rowid */
  int res;               /* Result of an sqlite3BtreeLast() */
  int cnt;               /* Counter to limit the number of searches */
  Mem *pMem;             /* Register holding largest rowid for AUTOINCREMENT */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;     /* Root frame of VDBE */

  v = 0;
  res = 0;
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  if( NEVER(pC->pCursor==0) ){
................................................................................
            v++;
          }
        }
      }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
      if( pOp->p3 ){
        if( p->pFrame ){
          for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
          pMem = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }else{
          pMem = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
        }
        /* Assert that P3 is a valid memory cell. */
        assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->pFrame ? pFrame->nMem : p->nMem) );

        REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pMem);
        sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pMem);
        assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );  /* mem(P3) holds an integer */
        if( pMem->u.i==MAX_ROWID || pC->useRandomRowid ){
          rc = SQLITE_FULL;
          goto abort_due_to_error;
        }
        if( v<pMem->u.i+1 ){
................................................................................
    sqlite3RowSetInsert(pIn1->u.pRowSet, pIn3->u.i);
  }
  break;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER

/* Opcode: Program P1 P2 P3 P4 *
**

** Execute the trigger program passed as P4 (type P4_SUBPROGRAM). 
**
** P1 contains the address of the memory cell that contains the first memory 
** cell in an array of values used as arguments to the sub-program. P2 
** contains the address to jump to if the sub-program throws an IGNORE 
** exception using the RAISE() function. Register P3 contains the address 
** of a memory cell in this (the parent) VM that is used to allocate the 
** memory required by the sub-vdbe at runtime.
**
** P4 is a pointer to the VM containing the trigger program.
*/



case OP_Program: {        /* jump */
  int nMem;               /* Number of memory registers for sub-program */
  int nByte;              /* Bytes of runtime space required for sub-program */
  Mem *pRt;               /* Register to allocate runtime space */
  Mem *pMem;              /* Used to iterate through memory cells */
  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */


  pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
  pRt = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );





  
  /* If the SQLITE_NoRecTriggers flag it set, then recursive invocation of
  ** triggers is disabled for backwards compatibility (flag set/cleared by
  ** the "PRAGMA disable_recursive_triggers" command). 
  ** 
  ** It is recursive invocation of triggers, at the SQL level, that is 
  ** disabled. In some cases a single trigger may generate more than one 
  ** SubProgram (if the trigger may be executed with more than one different 
  ** ON CONFLICT algorithm). SubProgram structures associated with a
  ** single trigger all have the same value for the SubProgram.token 
  ** variable.
  */
  if( db->flags&SQLITE_NoRecTriggers ){
    t = pProgram->token;
    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame && pFrame->token!=t; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
    if( pFrame ) break;
  }

  /* TODO: This constant should be configurable. */
  if( p->nFrame>1000 ){
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "too many levels of trigger recursion");
    break;
  }

  /* Register pRt is used to store the memory required to save the state
  ** of the current program, and the memory required at runtime to execute
  ** the trigger program. If this trigger has been fired before, then pRt 
  ** is already allocated. Otherwise, it must be initialized.  */
  if( (pRt->flags&MEM_Frame)==0 ){
    /* SubProgram.nMem is set to the number of memory cells used by the 
    ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
    ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
    ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
    */
    nMem = pProgram->nMem + pProgram->nCsr;
    nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
              + nMem * sizeof(Mem)
              + pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *);
    pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    if( !pFrame ){
      goto no_mem;
    }

    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRt);
    pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
    pRt->u.pFrame = pFrame;

    pFrame->v = p;
    pFrame->nChildMem = nMem;
    pFrame->nChildCsr = pProgram->nCsr;
    pFrame->pc = pc;
    pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
    pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
    pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
    pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
    pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
    pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
    pFrame->token = pProgram->token;

    pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[pFrame->nChildMem];
    for(pMem=VdbeFrameMem(pFrame); pMem!=pEnd; pMem++){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
      pMem->db = db;
    }
  }else{
    pFrame = pRt->u.pFrame;
    assert( pProgram->nMem+pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildMem );
    assert( pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildCsr );
    assert( pc==pFrame->pc );
  }

  p->nFrame++;
  pFrame->pParent = p->pFrame;
  pFrame->lastRowid = db->lastRowid;
  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&p->aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  pc = -1;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
**



** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 
** OP_Program instruction. Copy a value currently stored in a memory 
** cell of the calling (parent) frame to cell P2 in the current frames 
** address space. This is used by trigger programs to access the new.* 
** and old.* values.
**
** The address of the cell in the parent frame is determined by adding
** the value of the P1 argument to the value of the P1 argument to the
** calling OP_Program instruction.
*/






case OP_Param: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
  Mem *pIn;
  pFrame = p->pFrame;
  pIn = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1 + pFrame->aOp[pFrame->pc].p1];   
  sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn, MEM_Ephem);
  break;
}

#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
/* Opcode: MemMax P1 P2 * * *
**
** P1 is a register in the root frame of this VM (the root frame is
** different from the current frame if this instruction is being executed
** within a sub-program). Set the value of register P1 to the maximum of 
** its current value and the value in register P2.
**
** This instruction throws an error if the memory cell is not initially
** an integer.
*/
case OP_MemMax: {        /* in2 */
  Mem *pIn1;
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;
  if( p->pFrame ){
    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
    pIn1 = &pFrame->aMem[pOp->p1];
  }else{
    pIn1 = &p->aMem[pOp->p1];
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
  if( pIn1->u.i<pIn2->u.i){
    pIn1->u.i = pIn2->u.i;
  }
  break;
}

/*
** The names of the following types declared in vdbeInt.h are required
** for the VdbeOp definition.
*/
typedef struct VdbeFunc VdbeFunc;
typedef struct Mem Mem;


/*
** A single instruction of the virtual machine has an opcode
** and as many as three operands.  The instruction is recorded
** as an instance of the following structure:
*/
struct VdbeOp {
................................................................................
  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
  signed char p4type; /* One of the P4_xxx constants for p4 */
  u8 opflags;         /* Not currently used */
  u8 p5;              /* Fifth parameter is an unsigned character */
  int p1;             /* First operand */
  int p2;             /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
  int p3;             /* The third parameter */
  union {             /* forth parameter */
    int i;                 /* Integer value if p4type==P4_INT32 */
    void *p;               /* Generic pointer */
    char *z;               /* Pointer to data for string (char array) types */
    i64 *pI64;             /* Used when p4type is P4_INT64 */
    double *pReal;         /* Used when p4type is P4_REAL */
    FuncDef *pFunc;        /* Used when p4type is P4_FUNCDEF */
    VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;   /* Used when p4type is P4_VDBEFUNC */
    CollSeq *pColl;        /* Used when p4type is P4_COLLSEQ */
    Mem *pMem;             /* Used when p4type is P4_MEM */
    VTable *pVtab;         /* Used when p4type is P4_VTAB */
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;     /* Used when p4type is P4_KEYINFO */
    int *ai;               /* Used when p4type is P4_INTARRAY */

  } p4;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
#endif
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  int cnt;                 /* Number of times this instruction was executed */
  u64 cycles;              /* Total time spent executing this instruction */
#endif
};
typedef struct VdbeOp VdbeOp;














/*
** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
** it takes up less space.
*/
struct VdbeOpList {
  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
  signed char p1;     /* First operand */
  signed char p2;     /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
  signed char p3;     /* Third parameter */
};
typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;

/*
** Allowed values of VdbeOp.p3type
*/
#define P4_NOTUSED    0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
#define P4_DYNAMIC  (-1)  /* Pointer to a string obtained from sqliteMalloc() */
#define P4_STATIC   (-2)  /* Pointer to a static string */
#define P4_COLLSEQ  (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
#define P4_FUNCDEF  (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
#define P4_KEYINFO  (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
................................................................................
#define P4_TRANSIENT (-9) /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
#define P4_VTAB     (-10) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
#define P4_MPRINTF  (-11) /* P4 is a string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() */
#define P4_REAL     (-12) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
#define P4_INT64    (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
#define P4_INT32    (-14) /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
#define P4_INTARRAY (-15) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */


/* When adding a P4 argument using P4_KEYINFO, a copy of the KeyInfo structure
** is made.  That copy is freed when the Vdbe is finalized.  But if the
** argument is P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF, the passed in pointer is used.  It still
** gets freed when the Vdbe is finalized so it still should be obtained
** from a single sqliteMalloc().  But no copy is made and the calling
** function should *not* try to free the KeyInfo.
................................................................................
void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe*, int addr);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(Vdbe*, int addr, int N);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe*, int addr, const char *zP4, int N);
void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe*, int);
VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe*, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int);
int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe*, int);
int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe*);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  void sqlite3VdbeTrace(Vdbe*,FILE*);
#endif
void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe*);
................................................................................
int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe*,int);
int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);



#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseMemory(int);
#endif
UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,char*,int);
void sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);

/*
** The names of the following types declared in vdbeInt.h are required
** for the VdbeOp definition.
*/
typedef struct VdbeFunc VdbeFunc;
typedef struct Mem Mem;
typedef struct SubProgram SubProgram;

/*
** A single instruction of the virtual machine has an opcode
** and as many as three operands.  The instruction is recorded
** as an instance of the following structure:
*/
struct VdbeOp {
................................................................................
  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
  signed char p4type; /* One of the P4_xxx constants for p4 */
  u8 opflags;         /* Not currently used */
  u8 p5;              /* Fifth parameter is an unsigned character */
  int p1;             /* First operand */
  int p2;             /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
  int p3;             /* The third parameter */
  union {             /* fourth parameter */
    int i;                 /* Integer value if p4type==P4_INT32 */
    void *p;               /* Generic pointer */
    char *z;               /* Pointer to data for string (char array) types */
    i64 *pI64;             /* Used when p4type is P4_INT64 */
    double *pReal;         /* Used when p4type is P4_REAL */
    FuncDef *pFunc;        /* Used when p4type is P4_FUNCDEF */
    VdbeFunc *pVdbeFunc;   /* Used when p4type is P4_VDBEFUNC */
    CollSeq *pColl;        /* Used when p4type is P4_COLLSEQ */
    Mem *pMem;             /* Used when p4type is P4_MEM */
    VTable *pVtab;         /* Used when p4type is P4_VTAB */
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;     /* Used when p4type is P4_KEYINFO */
    int *ai;               /* Used when p4type is P4_INTARRAY */
    SubProgram *pProgram;  /* Used when p4type is P4_SUBPROGRAM */
  } p4;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
#endif
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
  int cnt;                 /* Number of times this instruction was executed */
  u64 cycles;              /* Total time spent executing this instruction */
#endif
};
typedef struct VdbeOp VdbeOp;


/*
** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.
*/
struct SubProgram {
  VdbeOp *aOp;                  /* Array of opcodes for sub-program */
  int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
  int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
  int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */
  int nRef;                     /* Number of pointers to this structure */
  void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
};

/*
** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
** it takes up less space.
*/
struct VdbeOpList {
  u8 opcode;          /* What operation to perform */
  signed char p1;     /* First operand */
  signed char p2;     /* Second parameter (often the jump destination) */
  signed char p3;     /* Third parameter */
};
typedef struct VdbeOpList VdbeOpList;

/*
** Allowed values of VdbeOp.p4type
*/
#define P4_NOTUSED    0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
#define P4_DYNAMIC  (-1)  /* Pointer to a string obtained from sqliteMalloc() */
#define P4_STATIC   (-2)  /* Pointer to a static string */
#define P4_COLLSEQ  (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
#define P4_FUNCDEF  (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
#define P4_KEYINFO  (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
................................................................................
#define P4_TRANSIENT (-9) /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
#define P4_VTAB     (-10) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
#define P4_MPRINTF  (-11) /* P4 is a string obtained from sqlite3_mprintf() */
#define P4_REAL     (-12) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
#define P4_INT64    (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
#define P4_INT32    (-14) /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
#define P4_INTARRAY (-15) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
#define P4_SUBPROGRAM  (-18) /* P4 is a pointer to a SubProgram structure */

/* When adding a P4 argument using P4_KEYINFO, a copy of the KeyInfo structure
** is made.  That copy is freed when the Vdbe is finalized.  But if the
** argument is P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF, the passed in pointer is used.  It still
** gets freed when the Vdbe is finalized so it still should be obtained
** from a single sqliteMalloc().  But no copy is made and the calling
** function should *not* try to free the KeyInfo.
................................................................................
void sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(Vdbe*, int addr);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(Vdbe*, int addr, int N);
void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe*, int addr, const char *zP4, int N);
void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe*, int);
VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeGetOp(Vdbe*, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(Vdbe*,int,int,int,int,int);
int sqlite3VdbeFinalize(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(Vdbe*, int);
int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe*);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  void sqlite3VdbeTrace(Vdbe*,FILE*);
#endif
void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe*);
................................................................................
int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe*,int);
int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
void sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(sqlite3 *, SubProgram *, int);

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseMemory(int);
#endif
UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,char*,int);
void sqlite3VdbeDeleteUnpackedRecord(UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);

  int payloadSize;      /* Total number of bytes in the record */
  u32 *aType;           /* Type values for all entries in the record */
  u32 *aOffset;         /* Cached offsets to the start of each columns data */
  u8 *aRow;             /* Data for the current row, if all on one page */
};
typedef struct VdbeCursor VdbeCursor;


































/*
** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheValid that means the cache is always invalid.
*/
#define CACHE_STALE 0

/*
** Internally, the vdbe manipulates nearly all SQL values as Mem
................................................................................
*/
struct Mem {
  union {
    i64 i;              /* Integer value. */
    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
    FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
    RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */

  } u;
  double r;           /* Real value */
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */
  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, excluding '\0' */
  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
  u8  type;           /* One of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_INTEGER, etc */
................................................................................
*/
#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
#define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
#define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
#define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
#define MEM_Blob      0x0010   /* Value is a BLOB */
#define MEM_RowSet    0x0020   /* Value is a RowSet object */

#define MEM_TypeMask  0x00ff   /* Mask of type bits */

/* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
** the following flags must be set to determine the memory management
** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
*/
................................................................................
*/
typedef struct Set Set;
struct Set {
  Hash hash;             /* A set is just a hash table */
  HashElem *prev;        /* Previously accessed hash elemen */
};

/*
** A Context stores the last insert rowid, the last statement change count,
** and the current statement change count (i.e. changes since last statement).
** The current keylist is also stored in the context.
** Elements of Context structure type make up the ContextStack, which is
** updated by the ContextPush and ContextPop opcodes (used by triggers).
** The context is pushed before executing a trigger a popped when the
** trigger finishes.
*/
typedef struct Context Context;
struct Context {
  i64 lastRowid;    /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  int nChange;      /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
};

/*
** An instance of the virtual machine.  This structure contains the complete
** state of the virtual machine.
**
** The "sqlite3_stmt" structure pointer that is returned by sqlite3_compile()
** is really a pointer to an instance of this structure.
**
................................................................................
  u16 nVar;               /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
  char **azVar;           /* Name of variables */
  u32 magic;              /* Magic number for sanity checking */
  int nMem;               /* Number of memory locations currently allocated */
  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
  int cacheCtr;           /* VdbeCursor row cache generation counter */
  int contextStackTop;    /* Index of top element in the context stack */
  int contextStackDepth;  /* The size of the "context" stack */
  Context *contextStack;  /* Stack used by opcodes ContextPush & ContextPop*/
  int pc;                 /* The program counter */
  int rc;                 /* Value to return */
  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
................................................................................
  int aCounter[2];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has not opened stmt) */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
#endif


};

/*
** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
*/
#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */
................................................................................
void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
int sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(int, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);


#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseBuffers(Vdbe *p);
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
void sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(Vdbe *p);
#else

  int payloadSize;      /* Total number of bytes in the record */
  u32 *aType;           /* Type values for all entries in the record */
  u32 *aOffset;         /* Cached offsets to the start of each columns data */
  u8 *aRow;             /* Data for the current row, if all on one page */
};
typedef struct VdbeCursor VdbeCursor;

/*
** When a sub-program is executed (OP_Program), a structure of this type
** is allocated to store the current value of the program counter, as
** well as the current memory cell array and various other frame specific
** values stored in the Vdbe struct. When the sub-program is finished, 
** these values are copied back to the Vdbe from the VdbeFrame structure,
** restoring the state of the VM to as it was before the sub-program
** began executing.
**
** Frames are stored in a linked list headed at Vdbe.pParent. Vdbe.pParent
** is the parent of the current frame, or zero if the current frame
** is the main Vdbe program.
*/
typedef struct VdbeFrame VdbeFrame;
struct VdbeFrame {
  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
  int pc;                 /* Program Counter */
  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions */
  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells */
  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */
  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Element of Vdbe cursors */
  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
  VdbeFrame *pParent;     /* Parent of this frame */
};

#define VdbeFrameMem(p) ((Mem *)&((u8 *)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))])

/*
** A value for VdbeCursor.cacheValid that means the cache is always invalid.
*/
#define CACHE_STALE 0

/*
** Internally, the vdbe manipulates nearly all SQL values as Mem
................................................................................
*/
struct Mem {
  union {
    i64 i;              /* Integer value. */
    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
    FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
    RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
    VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
  } u;
  double r;           /* Real value */
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */
  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, excluding '\0' */
  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
  u8  type;           /* One of SQLITE_NULL, SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_INTEGER, etc */
................................................................................
*/
#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
#define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
#define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
#define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
#define MEM_Blob      0x0010   /* Value is a BLOB */
#define MEM_RowSet    0x0020   /* Value is a RowSet object */
#define MEM_Frame     0x0040   /* Value is a VdbeFrame object */
#define MEM_TypeMask  0x00ff   /* Mask of type bits */

/* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
** the following flags must be set to determine the memory management
** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
*/
................................................................................
*/
typedef struct Set Set;
struct Set {
  Hash hash;             /* A set is just a hash table */
  HashElem *prev;        /* Previously accessed hash elemen */
};
















/*
** An instance of the virtual machine.  This structure contains the complete
** state of the virtual machine.
**
** The "sqlite3_stmt" structure pointer that is returned by sqlite3_compile()
** is really a pointer to an instance of this structure.
**
................................................................................
  u16 nVar;               /* Number of entries in aVar[] */
  Mem *aVar;              /* Values for the OP_Variable opcode. */
  char **azVar;           /* Name of variables */
  u32 magic;              /* Magic number for sanity checking */
  int nMem;               /* Number of memory locations currently allocated */
  Mem *aMem;              /* The memory locations */
  int cacheCtr;           /* VdbeCursor row cache generation counter */



  int pc;                 /* The program counter */
  int rc;                 /* Value to return */
  char *zErrMsg;          /* Error message written here */
  u8 explain;             /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
  u8 changeCntOn;         /* True to update the change-counter */
  u8 expired;             /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
................................................................................
  int aCounter[2];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
  int iStatement;         /* Statement number (or 0 if has not opened stmt) */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
#endif
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
};

/*
** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
*/
#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */
................................................................................
void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);
void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
int sqlite3VdbeOpcodeHasProperty(int, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseBuffers(Vdbe *p);
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
void sqlite3VdbeMutexArrayEnter(Vdbe *p);
#else

  int rc;
  if( pStmt==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }else{
    Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
    sqlite3_mutex_enter(v->db->mutex);
    rc = sqlite3VdbeReset(v);
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, -1, 0, 0, 0);
    assert( (rc & (v->db->errMask))==rc );
    rc = sqlite3ApiExit(v->db, rc);
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(v->db->mutex);
  }
  return rc;
}

  int rc;
  if( pStmt==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }else{
    Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
    sqlite3_mutex_enter(v->db->mutex);
    rc = sqlite3VdbeReset(v);
    sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    assert( (rc & (v->db->errMask))==rc );
    rc = sqlite3ApiExit(v->db, rc);
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(v->db->mutex);
  }
  return rc;
}

**
** If no such instruction is found, then every Statement instruction 
** is changed to a Noop.  In this way, we avoid creating the statement 
** journal file unnecessarily.
*/
static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
  int i;
  int nMaxArgs = 0;
  Op *pOp;
  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
  int doesStatementRollback = 0;
  int hasStatementBegin = 0;
  p->readOnly = 1;
  p->usesStmtJournal = 0;
  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
................................................................................
      hasStatementBegin = 1;
      p->usesStmtJournal = 1;
    }else if( opcode==OP_Destroy ){
      doesStatementRollback = 1;
    }else if( opcode==OP_Transaction && pOp->p2!=0 ){
      p->readOnly = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    }else if( opcode==OP_VUpdate || opcode==OP_VRename ){
      doesStatementRollback = 1;
    }else if( opcode==OP_VFilter ){
      int n;
      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
      n = pOp[-1].p1;
      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
................................................................................
/*
** Return the address of the next instruction to be inserted.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe *p){
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
  return p->nOp;
}

























/*
** Add a whole list of operations to the operation stack.  Return the
** address of the first operation added.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(Vdbe *p, int nOp, VdbeOpList const *aOp){
  int addr;
................................................................................
        sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
        break;
      }
      case P4_VTAB : {
        sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
        break;
      }



















































    }
  }
}


/*
** Change N opcodes starting at addr to No-ops.
................................................................................
** Change the comment on the the most recently coded instruction.  Or
** insert a No-op and add the comment to that new instruction.  This
** makes the code easier to read during debugging.  None of this happens
** in a production build.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;

  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
  if( p->nOp ){
    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
    va_start(ap, zFormat);
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, *pz);
    *pz = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
    va_end(ap);
  }
}
void sqlite3VdbeNoopComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;

  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(p, OP_Noop);
  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
  if( p->nOp ){
    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
    va_start(ap, zFormat);
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, *pz);
................................................................................
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "vtab:%p:%p", pVtab, pVtab->pModule);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case P4_INTARRAY: {
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "intarray");
      break;




    }
    default: {
      zP4 = pOp->p4.z;
      if( zP4==0 ){
        zP4 = zTemp;
        zTemp[0] = 0;
      }
................................................................................
  assert( zP4!=0 );
  return zP4;
}
#endif

/*
** Declare to the Vdbe that the BTree object at db->aDb[i] is used.
**
*/
void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe *p, int i){
  int mask;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->db->nDb && i<sizeof(u32)*8 );
  assert( i<(int)sizeof(p->btreeMask)*8 );
  mask = ((u32)1)<<i;
  if( (p->btreeMask & mask)==0 ){
................................................................................
      ** callgrind, this causes a certain test case to hit the CPU 4.7 
      ** percent less (x86 linux, gcc version 4.1.2, -O6) than if 
      ** sqlite3MemRelease() were called from here. With -O2, this jumps
      ** to 6.6 percent. The test case is inserting 1000 rows into a table 
      ** with no indexes using a single prepared INSERT statement, bind() 
      ** and reset(). Inserts are grouped into a transaction.
      */
      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn) ){
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
      }else if( p->zMalloc ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
        p->zMalloc = 0;
      }

      p->flags = MEM_Null;
    }
    db->mallocFailed = malloc_failed;
  }
}

















#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseBuffers(Vdbe *p){
  int ii;
  int nFree = 0;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  for(ii=1; ii<=p->nMem; ii++){
................................................................................
** p->explain==2, only OP_Explain instructions are listed and these
** are shown in a different format.  p->explain==2 is used to implement
** EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeList(
  Vdbe *p                   /* The VDBE */
){




  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Mem *pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];

  assert( p->explain );
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );
................................................................................
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY || p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );

  /* Even though this opcode does not use dynamic strings for
  ** the result, result columns may become dynamic if the user calls
  ** sqlite3_column_text16(), causing a translation to UTF-16 encoding.
  */
  releaseMemArray(pMem, p->nMem);

  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    db->mallocFailed = 1;
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }















  do{
    i = p->pc++;
  }while( i<p->nOp && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
  if( i>=p->nOp ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
  }else{
    char *z;


    Op *pOp = &p->aOp[i];








    if( p->explain==1 ){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
      pMem++;
  
      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
      pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode);  /* Opcode */
      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
      pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
      pMem++;














    }

    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
    pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
    pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
    pMem++;

................................................................................
** is passed -1 and nMem, nCursor and isExplain are all passed zero.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
  Vdbe *p,                       /* The VDBE */
  int nVar,                      /* Number of '?' see in the SQL statement */
  int nMem,                      /* Number of memory cells to allocate */
  int nCursor,                   /* Number of cursors to allocate */

  int isExplain                  /* True if the EXPLAIN keywords is present */
){
  int n;
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;

  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
................................................................................
  ** first time this function is called for a given VDBE, not when it is
  ** being called from sqlite3_reset() to reset the virtual machine.
  */
  if( nVar>=0 && ALWAYS(db->mallocFailed==0) ){
    u8 *zCsr = (u8 *)&p->aOp[p->nOp];
    u8 *zEnd = (u8 *)&p->aOp[p->nOpAlloc];
    int nByte;
    int nArg;       /* Maximum number of args passed to a user function. */
    resolveP2Values(p, &nArg);
    if( isExplain && nMem<10 ){
      nMem = 10;
    }
    memset(zCsr, 0, zEnd-zCsr);
    zCsr += (zCsr - (u8*)0)&7;
    assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(zCsr) );
................................................................................
    p->inVtabMethod = 0;
  }
#endif
  if( !pCx->ephemPseudoTable ){
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, pCx->pData);
  }
}



















/*
** Close all cursors.





*/
static void closeAllCursors(Vdbe *p){









  int i;
  if( p->apCsr==0 ) return;
  for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++){
    VdbeCursor *pC = p->apCsr[i];
    if( pC ){
      sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, pC);
      p->apCsr[i] = 0;
    }
  }




}

/*
** Clean up the VM after execution.
**
** This routine will automatically close any cursors, lists, and/or
** sorters that were left open.  It also deletes the values of
** variables in the aVar[] array.
*/
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
  int i;
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
  Mem *pMem;
  closeAllCursors(p);
  for(pMem=&p->aMem[1], i=1; i<=p->nMem; i++, pMem++){
    if( pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
      sqlite3RowSetClear(pMem->u.pRowSet);
    }






    MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Null);
  }
  releaseMemArray(&p->aMem[1], p->nMem);
  if( p->contextStack ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->contextStack);
  }
  p->contextStack = 0;
  p->contextStackDepth = 0;
  p->contextStackTop = 0;
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
  p->zErrMsg = 0;
  p->pResultSet = 0;
}

/*
** Set the number of result columns that will be returned by this SQL
................................................................................
  }
}

/*
** Delete an entire VDBE.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
  int i;
  sqlite3 *db;

  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
  db = p->db;
  if( p->pPrev ){
    p->pPrev->pNext = p->pNext;
  }else{
    assert( db->pVdbe==p );
    db->pVdbe = p->pNext;
  }
  if( p->pNext ){
    p->pNext->pPrev = p->pPrev;
  }
  if( p->aOp ){
    Op *pOp = p->aOp;
    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++, pOp++){
      freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->zComment);
#endif     
    }
  }
  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aLabel);
  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);


  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aOp);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pFree);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Make sure the cursor p is ready to read or write the row to which it
** was last positioned.  Return an error code if an OOM fault or I/O error

**
** If no such instruction is found, then every Statement instruction 
** is changed to a Noop.  In this way, we avoid creating the statement 
** journal file unnecessarily.
*/
static void resolveP2Values(Vdbe *p, int *pMaxFuncArgs){
  int i;
  int nMaxArgs = *pMaxFuncArgs;
  Op *pOp;
  int *aLabel = p->aLabel;
  int doesStatementRollback = 0;
  int hasStatementBegin = 0;
  p->readOnly = 1;
  p->usesStmtJournal = 0;
  for(pOp=p->aOp, i=p->nOp-1; i>=0; i--, pOp++){
................................................................................
      hasStatementBegin = 1;
      p->usesStmtJournal = 1;
    }else if( opcode==OP_Destroy ){
      doesStatementRollback = 1;
    }else if( opcode==OP_Transaction && pOp->p2!=0 ){
      p->readOnly = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    }else if( opcode==OP_VUpdate || opcode==OP_VRename || opcode==OP_Program ){
      doesStatementRollback = 1;
    }else if( opcode==OP_VFilter ){
      int n;
      assert( p->nOp - i >= 3 );
      assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
      n = pOp[-1].p1;
      if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
................................................................................
/*
** Return the address of the next instruction to be inserted.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(Vdbe *p){
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
  return p->nOp;
}

/*
** This function returns a pointer to the array of opcodes associated with
** the Vdbe passed as the first argument. It is the callers responsibility
** to arrange for the returned array to be eventually freed using the 
** vdbeFreeOpArray() function.
**
** Before returning, *pnOp is set to the number of entries in the returned
** array. Also, *pnMaxArg is set to the larger of its current value and 
** the number of entries in the Vdbe.apArg[] array required to execute the 
** returned program.
*/
VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe *p, int *pnOp, int *pnMaxArg){
  VdbeOp *aOp = p->aOp;
  assert( aOp && !p->db->mallocFailed );

  /* Check that sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree() was not called on this VM */
  assert( p->aMutex.nMutex==0 );

  resolveP2Values(p, pnMaxArg);
  *pnOp = p->nOp;
  p->aOp = 0;
  return aOp;
}

/*
** Add a whole list of operations to the operation stack.  Return the
** address of the first operation added.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(Vdbe *p, int nOp, VdbeOpList const *aOp){
  int addr;
................................................................................
        sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
        break;
      }
      case P4_VTAB : {
        sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
        break;
      }
      case P4_SUBPROGRAM : {
        sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(db, (SubProgram *)p4, 1);
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}

/*
** Free the space allocated for aOp and any p4 values allocated for the
** opcodes contained within. If aOp is not NULL it is assumed to contain 
** nOp entries. 
*/
static void vdbeFreeOpArray(sqlite3 *db, Op *aOp, int nOp){
  if( aOp ){
    Op *pOp;
    for(pOp=aOp; pOp<&aOp[nOp]; pOp++){
      freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->zComment);
#endif     
    }
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, aOp);
}

/*
** Decrement the ref-count on the SubProgram structure passed as the
** second argument. If the ref-count reaches zero, free the structure.
**
** The array of VDBE opcodes stored as SubProgram.aOp is freed if
** either the ref-count reaches zero or parameter freeop is non-zero.
**
** Since the array of opcodes pointed to by SubProgram.aOp may directly
** or indirectly contain a reference to the SubProgram structure itself.
** By passing a non-zero freeop parameter, the caller may ensure that all
** SubProgram structures and their aOp arrays are freed, even when there
** are such circular references.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeProgramDelete(sqlite3 *db, SubProgram *p, int freeop){
  if( p ){
    assert( p->nRef>0 );
    if( freeop || p->nRef==1 ){
      Op *aOp = p->aOp;
      p->aOp = 0;
      vdbeFreeOpArray(db, aOp, p->nOp);
      p->nOp = 0;
    }
    p->nRef--;
    if( p->nRef==0 ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
    }
  }
}


/*
** Change N opcodes starting at addr to No-ops.
................................................................................
** Change the comment on the the most recently coded instruction.  Or
** insert a No-op and add the comment to that new instruction.  This
** makes the code easier to read during debugging.  None of this happens
** in a production build.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  if( !p ) return;
  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
  if( p->nOp ){
    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
    va_start(ap, zFormat);
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, *pz);
    *pz = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
    va_end(ap);
  }
}
void sqlite3VdbeNoopComment(Vdbe *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  if( !p ) return;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(p, OP_Noop);
  assert( p->nOp>0 || p->aOp==0 );
  assert( p->aOp==0 || p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment==0 || p->db->mallocFailed );
  if( p->nOp ){
    char **pz = &p->aOp[p->nOp-1].zComment;
    va_start(ap, zFormat);
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, *pz);
................................................................................
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "vtab:%p:%p", pVtab, pVtab->pModule);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case P4_INTARRAY: {
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "intarray");
      break;
    }
    case P4_SUBPROGRAM: {
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "program");
      break;
    }
    default: {
      zP4 = pOp->p4.z;
      if( zP4==0 ){
        zP4 = zTemp;
        zTemp[0] = 0;
      }
................................................................................
  assert( zP4!=0 );
  return zP4;
}
#endif

/*
** Declare to the Vdbe that the BTree object at db->aDb[i] is used.

*/
void sqlite3VdbeUsesBtree(Vdbe *p, int i){
  int mask;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->db->nDb && i<sizeof(u32)*8 );
  assert( i<(int)sizeof(p->btreeMask)*8 );
  mask = ((u32)1)<<i;
  if( (p->btreeMask & mask)==0 ){
................................................................................
      ** callgrind, this causes a certain test case to hit the CPU 4.7 
      ** percent less (x86 linux, gcc version 4.1.2, -O6) than if 
      ** sqlite3MemRelease() were called from here. With -O2, this jumps
      ** to 6.6 percent. The test case is inserting 1000 rows into a table 
      ** with no indexes using a single prepared INSERT statement, bind() 
      ** and reset(). Inserts are grouped into a transaction.
      */
      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Frame|MEM_RowSet) ){
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
      }else if( p->zMalloc ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
        p->zMalloc = 0;
      }

      p->flags = MEM_Null;
    }
    db->mallocFailed = malloc_failed;
  }
}

/*
** Delete a VdbeFrame object and its contents. VdbeFrame objects are
** allocated by the OP_Program opcode in sqlite3VdbeExec().
*/
void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame *p){
  int i;
  Mem *aMem = VdbeFrameMem(p);
  VdbeCursor **apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nChildMem];
  for(i=0; i<p->nChildCsr; i++){
    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p->v, apCsr[i]);
  }
  releaseMemArray(aMem, p->nChildMem);
  sqlite3DbFree(p->v->db, p);
}


#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
int sqlite3VdbeReleaseBuffers(Vdbe *p){
  int ii;
  int nFree = 0;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  for(ii=1; ii<=p->nMem; ii++){
................................................................................
** p->explain==2, only OP_Explain instructions are listed and these
** are shown in a different format.  p->explain==2 is used to implement
** EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeList(
  Vdbe *p                   /* The VDBE */
){
  int nRow;                            /* Total number of rows to return */
  int nSub = 0;                        /* Number of sub-vdbes seen so far */
  SubProgram **apSub = 0;              /* Array of sub-vdbes */
  Mem *pSub = 0;
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
  int i;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Mem *pMem = p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];

  assert( p->explain );
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );
................................................................................
  assert( db->magic==SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY );
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY || p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );

  /* Even though this opcode does not use dynamic strings for
  ** the result, result columns may become dynamic if the user calls
  ** sqlite3_column_text16(), causing a translation to UTF-16 encoding.
  */
  releaseMemArray(pMem, 8);

  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    db->mallocFailed = 1;
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  /* Figure out total number of rows that will be returned by this 
  ** EXPLAIN program.  */
  nRow = p->nOp;
  if( p->explain==1 ){
    pSub = &p->aMem[9];
    if( pSub->flags&MEM_Blob ){
      nSub = pSub->n/sizeof(Vdbe*);
      apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
    }
    for(i=0; i<nSub; i++){
      nRow += apSub[i]->nOp;
    }
  }

  do{
    i = p->pc++;
  }while( i<nRow && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
  if( i>=nRow ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, db, "%s", sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
  }else{
    char *z;
    Op *pOp;
    if( i<p->nOp ){
      pOp = &p->aOp[i];
    }else{
      int j;
      i -= p->nOp;
      for(j=0; i>=apSub[j]->nOp; j++){
        i -= apSub[j]->nOp;
      }
      pOp = &apSub[j]->aOp[i];
    }
    if( p->explain==1 ){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
      pMem++;
  
      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
      pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode);  /* Opcode */
      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
      pMem->type = SQLITE_TEXT;
      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
      pMem++;

      if( pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
        int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
        int j;
        for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
          if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
        }
        if( j==nSub && SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, 1) ){
          apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
          apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
          pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
          pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
        }
      }
    }

    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
    pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
    pMem->type = SQLITE_INTEGER;
    pMem++;

................................................................................
** is passed -1 and nMem, nCursor and isExplain are all passed zero.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(
  Vdbe *p,                       /* The VDBE */
  int nVar,                      /* Number of '?' see in the SQL statement */
  int nMem,                      /* Number of memory cells to allocate */
  int nCursor,                   /* Number of cursors to allocate */
  int nArg,                      /* Maximum number of args in SubPrograms */
  int isExplain                  /* True if the EXPLAIN keywords is present */
){
  int n;
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;

  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
................................................................................
  ** first time this function is called for a given VDBE, not when it is
  ** being called from sqlite3_reset() to reset the virtual machine.
  */
  if( nVar>=0 && ALWAYS(db->mallocFailed==0) ){
    u8 *zCsr = (u8 *)&p->aOp[p->nOp];
    u8 *zEnd = (u8 *)&p->aOp[p->nOpAlloc];
    int nByte;

    resolveP2Values(p, &nArg);
    if( isExplain && nMem<10 ){
      nMem = 10;
    }
    memset(zCsr, 0, zEnd-zCsr);
    zCsr += (zCsr - (u8*)0)&7;
    assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(zCsr) );
................................................................................
    p->inVtabMethod = 0;
  }
#endif
  if( !pCx->ephemPseudoTable ){
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, pCx->pData);
  }
}

/*
** Copy the values stored in the VdbeFrame structure to its Vdbe. This
** is used, for example, when a trigger sub-program is halted to restore
** control to the main program.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *pFrame){
  Vdbe *v = pFrame->v;
  v->aOp = pFrame->aOp;
  v->nOp = pFrame->nOp;
  v->aMem = pFrame->aMem;
  v->nMem = pFrame->nMem;
  v->apCsr = pFrame->apCsr;
  v->nCursor = pFrame->nCursor;
  v->db->lastRowid = pFrame->lastRowid;
  v->nChange = pFrame->nChange;
  return pFrame->pc;
}

/*
** Close all cursors.
**
** Also release any dynamic memory held by the VM in the Vdbe.aMem memory 
** cell array. This is necessary as the memory cell array may contain
** pointers to VdbeFrame objects, which may in turn contain pointers to
** open cursors.
*/
static void closeAllCursors(Vdbe *p){
  if( p->pFrame ){
    VdbeFrame *pFrame = p->pFrame;
    for(pFrame=p->pFrame; pFrame->pParent; pFrame=pFrame->pParent);
    sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(pFrame);
  }
  p->pFrame = 0;
  p->nFrame = 0;

  if( p->apCsr ){
    int i;

    for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++){
      VdbeCursor *pC = p->apCsr[i];
      if( pC ){
        sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, pC);
        p->apCsr[i] = 0;
      }
    }
  }
  if( p->aMem ){
    releaseMemArray(&p->aMem[1], p->nMem);
  }
}

/*
** Clean up the VM after execution.
**
** This routine will automatically close any cursors, lists, and/or
** sorters that were left open.  It also deletes the values of
** variables in the aVar[] array.
*/
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){

  sqlite3 *db = p->db;






#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr==0 || p->apCsr[i]==0 );
  for(i=1; i<=p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem==0 || p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Null );
#endif








  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
  p->zErrMsg = 0;
  p->pResultSet = 0;
}

/*
** Set the number of result columns that will be returned by this SQL
................................................................................
  }
}

/*
** Delete an entire VDBE.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){

  sqlite3 *db;

  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
  db = p->db;
  if( p->pPrev ){
    p->pPrev->pNext = p->pNext;
  }else{
    assert( db->pVdbe==p );
    db->pVdbe = p->pNext;
  }
  if( p->pNext ){
    p->pNext->pPrev = p->pPrev;
  }









  releaseMemArray(p->aVar, p->nVar);

  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
  vdbeFreeOpArray(db, p->aOp, p->nOp);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aLabel);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
  p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_DEAD;

  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pFree);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Make sure the cursor p is ready to read or write the row to which it
** was last positioned.  Return an error code if an OOM fault or I/O error

      ** always return an SQL NULL. This is useful because it means
      ** we can invoke OP_Column to fill in the vdbe cursors type 
      ** and offset cache without causing any IO.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 3+flags, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(pTab->nCol+1),P4_INT32);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 7, pTab->nCol);
      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, 1, 1, 1, 0);
      }
    }
   
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    rc = sqlite3SafetyOff(db);
    if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) || db->mallocFailed ){
      goto blob_open_out;

      ** always return an SQL NULL. This is useful because it means
      ** we can invoke OP_Column to fill in the vdbe cursors type 
      ** and offset cache without causing any IO.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 3+flags, SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(pTab->nCol+1),P4_INT32);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, 7, pTab->nCol);
      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0);
      }
    }
   
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
    rc = sqlite3SafetyOff(db);
    if( NEVER(rc!=SQLITE_OK) || db->mallocFailed ){
      goto blob_open_out;

/*
** If the memory cell contains a string value that must be freed by
** invoking an external callback, free it now. Calling this function
** does not free any Mem.zMalloc buffer.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p){
  assert( p->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_RowSet) ){
    if( p->flags&MEM_Agg ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(p, p->u.pDef);
      assert( (p->flags & MEM_Agg)==0 );
      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
    }else if( p->flags&MEM_Dyn && p->xDel ){
      assert( (p->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
      p->xDel((void *)p->z);
      p->xDel = 0;
    }else if( p->flags&MEM_RowSet ){
      sqlite3RowSetClear(p->u.pRowSet);



    }
  }
}

/*
** Release any memory held by the Mem. This may leave the Mem in an
** inconsistent state, for example with (Mem.z==0) and
................................................................................
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to NULL.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem *pMem){



  if( pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
    sqlite3RowSetClear(pMem->u.pRowSet);
  }
  MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Null);
  pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
}

/*
** If the memory cell contains a string value that must be freed by
** invoking an external callback, free it now. Calling this function
** does not free any Mem.zMalloc buffer.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemReleaseExternal(Mem *p){
  assert( p->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_RowSet|MEM_Frame) ){
    if( p->flags&MEM_Agg ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(p, p->u.pDef);
      assert( (p->flags & MEM_Agg)==0 );
      sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
    }else if( p->flags&MEM_Dyn && p->xDel ){
      assert( (p->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
      p->xDel((void *)p->z);
      p->xDel = 0;
    }else if( p->flags&MEM_RowSet ){
      sqlite3RowSetClear(p->u.pRowSet);
    }else if( p->flags&MEM_Frame ){
      sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(p->u.pFrame);
      p->flags &= ~MEM_Frame;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Release any memory held by the Mem. This may leave the Mem in an
** inconsistent state, for example with (Mem.z==0) and
................................................................................
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to NULL.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem *pMem){
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Frame ){
    sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(pMem->u.pFrame);
  }
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
    sqlite3RowSetClear(pMem->u.pRowSet);
  }
  MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Null);
  pMem->type = SQLITE_NULL;
}

/*
** Make sure virtual table pTab is contained in the pParse->apVirtualLock[]
** array so that an OP_VBegin will get generated for it.  Add pTab to the
** array if it is missing.  If pTab is already in the array, this routine
** is a no-op.
*/
void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){

  int i, n;
  Table **apVtabLock;

  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
  for(i=0; i<pParse->nVtabLock; i++){
    if( pTab==pParse->apVtabLock[i] ) return;
  }
  n = (pParse->nVtabLock+1)*sizeof(pParse->apVtabLock[0]);
  apVtabLock = sqlite3_realloc(pParse->apVtabLock, n);
  if( apVtabLock ){
    pParse->apVtabLock = apVtabLock;
    pParse->apVtabLock[pParse->nVtabLock++] = pTab;
  }else{
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }
}

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/*
** Make sure virtual table pTab is contained in the pParse->apVirtualLock[]
** array so that an OP_VBegin will get generated for it.  Add pTab to the
** array if it is missing.  If pTab is already in the array, this routine
** is a no-op.
*/
void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
  Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
  int i, n;
  Table **apVtabLock;

  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
  for(i=0; i<pToplevel->nVtabLock; i++){
    if( pTab==pToplevel->apVtabLock[i] ) return;
  }
  n = (pToplevel->nVtabLock+1)*sizeof(pToplevel->apVtabLock[0]);
  apVtabLock = sqlite3_realloc(pToplevel->apVtabLock, n);
  if( apVtabLock ){
    pToplevel->apVtabLock = apVtabLock;
    pToplevel->apVtabLock[pToplevel->nVtabLock++] = pTab;
  }else{
    pToplevel->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }
}

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !attach {
  finish_test
  return
}






# Create tables t1 and t2 in the main database
execsql {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(c, d);
}

# Create tables t1 and t2 in database file test2.db
................................................................................
do_test attach3-12.9 {
  execsql {
    ATTACH DATABASE '' AS NULL
  }
  db_list
} {main temp {}}
do_test attach3-12.10 {

  execsql {
    DETACH ?
  }
  db_list
} {main temp}
do_test attach3-12.11 {
  catchsql {

source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !attach {
  finish_test
  return
}

# The tests in this file were written before SQLite supported recursive
# trigger invocation, and some tests depend on that to pass. So disable
# recursive triggers for this file.
catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

# Create tables t1 and t2 in the main database
execsql {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(c, d);
}

# Create tables t1 and t2 in database file test2.db
................................................................................
do_test attach3-12.9 {
  execsql {
    ATTACH DATABASE '' AS NULL
  }
  db_list
} {main temp {}}
do_test attach3-12.10 {
breakpoint
  execsql {
    DETACH ?
  }
  db_list
} {main temp}
do_test attach3-12.11 {
  catchsql {

  set authargs {}
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM v1 WHERE x=117
  }
  set authargs
} [list \
  SQLITE_DELETE v1     {} main {} \
  SQLITE_INSERT v1chng {} main r3 \
  SQLITE_READ   v1     x  main r3 \
  SQLITE_SELECT {}     {} {}   v1 \
  SQLITE_READ   t2     a  main v1 \
  SQLITE_READ   t2     b  main v1 \
  SQLITE_SELECT {}     {} {}   {} \
  SQLITE_READ   v1     x  main v1 \


]

} ;# ifcapable view && trigger

# Ticket #1338:  Make sure authentication works in the presence of an AS
# clause.
#

  set authargs {}
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM v1 WHERE x=117
  }
  set authargs
} [list \
  SQLITE_DELETE v1     {} main {} \


  SQLITE_SELECT {}     {} {}   v1 \
  SQLITE_READ   t2     a  main v1 \
  SQLITE_READ   t2     b  main v1 \
  SQLITE_SELECT {}     {} {}   {} \
  SQLITE_READ   v1     x  main v1 \
  SQLITE_INSERT v1chng {} main r3 \
  SQLITE_READ   v1     x  main r3 \
]

} ;# ifcapable view && trigger

# Ticket #1338:  Make sure authentication works in the presence of an AS
# clause.
#

# skip all tests in this file.
#
ifcapable {!autoinc} {
  finish_test
  return
}



# The database is initially empty.
#
do_test autoinc-1.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';
  }
} {}
................................................................................
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL, 1);
    CREATE TABLE t3(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, b);
    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE y>1;

    SELECT * FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name='t3';
  }
} {t3 0}



# Ticket #3928.  Make sure that triggers to not make extra slots in
# the SQLITE_SEQUENCE table.
#
do_test autoinc-3928.1 {
  db eval {
    CREATE TABLE t3928(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, b);

# skip all tests in this file.
#
ifcapable {!autoinc} {
  finish_test
  return
}

sqlite3_db_config_lookaside db 0 0 0

# The database is initially empty.
#
do_test autoinc-1.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table';
  }
} {}
................................................................................
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL, 1);
    CREATE TABLE t3(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, b);
    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE y>1;

    SELECT * FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name='t3';
  }
} {t3 0}

catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

# Ticket #3928.  Make sure that triggers to not make extra slots in
# the SQLITE_SEQUENCE table.
#
do_test autoinc-3928.1 {
  db eval {
    CREATE TABLE t3928(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, b);

# left out of other test files.
#
# $Id: misc2.test,v 1.28 2007/09/12 17:01:45 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl






ifcapable {trigger} {
# Test for ticket #360
#
do_test misc2-1.1 {
  catchsql {
    CREATE TABLE FOO(bar integer);
    CREATE TRIGGER foo_insert BEFORE INSERT ON foo BEGIN
................................................................................
    execsql {SELECT * FROM t1}
  } {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}
}

db close
file delete -force test.db
sqlite3 db test.db


# Ticket #453.  If the SQL ended with "-", the tokenizer was calling that
# an incomplete token, which caused problem.  The solution was to just call
# it a minus sign.
#
do_test misc2-8.1 {
  catchsql {-}

# left out of other test files.
#
# $Id: misc2.test,v 1.28 2007/09/12 17:01:45 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# The tests in this file were written before SQLite supported recursive
# trigger invocation, and some tests depend on that to pass. So disable
# recursive triggers for this file.
catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

ifcapable {trigger} {
# Test for ticket #360
#
do_test misc2-1.1 {
  catchsql {
    CREATE TABLE FOO(bar integer);
    CREATE TRIGGER foo_insert BEFORE INSERT ON foo BEGIN
................................................................................
    execsql {SELECT * FROM t1}
  } {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}
}

db close
file delete -force test.db
sqlite3 db test.db
catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

# Ticket #453.  If the SQL ended with "-", the tokenizer was calling that
# an incomplete token, which caused problem.  The solution was to just call
# it a minus sign.
#
do_test misc2-8.1 {
  catchsql {-}

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}






do_test tkt3731-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
    CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(new.a || '+', new.b || '+');
    END;

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}

# The tests in this file were written before SQLite supported recursive
# trigger invocation, and some tests depend on that to pass. So disable
# recursive triggers for this file.
catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

do_test tkt3731-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
    CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(new.a || '+', new.b || '+');
    END;

      SELECT tcl('set res', typeof(new.c));
    END;

    UPDATE t2 SET a = 'I';
  }
  set res
} {real}
explain {
    UPDATE t2 SET a = 'I';
}


finish_test

      SELECT tcl('set res', typeof(new.c));
    END;

    UPDATE t2 SET a = 'I';
  }
  set res
} {real}





finish_test

  catchsql {
     CREATE TRIGGER trig UPDATE ON t1 FOR EACH STATEMENT BEGIN
        SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
     END;
  }
} {1 {near "STATEMENT": syntax error}}
execsql {
	CREATE TRIGGER tr1 INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
	  INSERT INTO t1 values(1);
 	END;
}
do_test trigger1-1.2.0 {
    catchsql {
	CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS tr1 DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
 	END
     }
} {0 {}}
do_test trigger1-1.2.1 {
    catchsql {
	CREATE TRIGGER tr1 DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
 	END
     }
} {1 {trigger tr1 already exists}}
do_test trigger1-1.2.2 {
    catchsql {
	CREATE TRIGGER "tr1" DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
 	END
     }
} {1 {trigger "tr1" already exists}}
do_test trigger1-1.2.3 {
    catchsql {
	CREATE TRIGGER [tr1] DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
 	END
     }
} {1 {trigger [tr1] already exists}}

do_test trigger1-1.3 {
    catchsql {
	BEGIN;
	CREATE TRIGGER tr2 INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * from sqlite_master; END;
        ROLLBACK;
	CREATE TRIGGER tr2 INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * from sqlite_master; END;
    }
} {0 {}}

do_test trigger1-1.4 {
    catchsql {
	DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tr1;
	CREATE TRIGGER tr1 DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
	    SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
	END
    }
} {0 {}}

do_test trigger1-1.5 {
    execsql {
	BEGIN;
	DROP TRIGGER tr2;
	ROLLBACK;
	DROP TRIGGER tr2;
    }
} {}

do_test trigger1-1.6.1 {
    catchsql {
	DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS biggles;
    }
} {0 {}}

do_test trigger1-1.6.2 {
    catchsql {
	DROP TRIGGER biggles;
    }
} {1 {no such trigger: biggles}}

do_test trigger1-1.7 {
    catchsql {
	DROP TABLE t1;
	DROP TRIGGER tr1;
    }
} {1 {no such trigger: tr1}}

ifcapable tempdb {
  execsql {
    CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_table(a);
  }
  do_test trigger1-1.8 {
    execsql {
  	CREATE TRIGGER temp_trig UPDATE ON temp_table BEGIN
  	    SELECT * from sqlite_master;
  	END;
  	SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = 'temp_trig';
    } 
  } {0}
}

do_test trigger1-1.9 {
  catchsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER UPDATE ON sqlite_master BEGIN
................................................................................
}
do_test trigger1-6.1 {
  execsql {SELECT type, name FROM sqlite_master}
} [concat $view_v1 {table t2}]
do_test trigger1-6.2 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER t2 BEFORE DELETE ON t2 BEGIN
      SELECT RAISE(ABORT,'deletes are not allows');
    END;
    SELECT type, name FROM sqlite_master;
  }
} [concat $view_v1 {table t2 trigger t2}]
do_test trigger1-6.3 {
  catchsql {DELETE FROM t2}
} {1 {deletes are not allows}}
do_test trigger1-6.4 {
  execsql {SELECT * FROM t2}
} {3 4 7 8}
do_test trigger1-6.5 {
  db close
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql {SELECT type, name FROM sqlite_master}

  catchsql {
     CREATE TRIGGER trig UPDATE ON t1 FOR EACH STATEMENT BEGIN
        SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
     END;
  }
} {1 {near "STATEMENT": syntax error}}
execsql {
        CREATE TRIGGER tr1 INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
          INSERT INTO t1 values(1);
         END;
}
do_test trigger1-1.2.0 {
    catchsql {
        CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS tr1 DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
         END
     }
} {0 {}}
do_test trigger1-1.2.1 {
    catchsql {
        CREATE TRIGGER tr1 DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
         END
     }
} {1 {trigger tr1 already exists}}
do_test trigger1-1.2.2 {
    catchsql {
        CREATE TRIGGER "tr1" DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
         END
     }
} {1 {trigger "tr1" already exists}}
do_test trigger1-1.2.3 {
    catchsql {
        CREATE TRIGGER [tr1] DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
         END
     }
} {1 {trigger [tr1] already exists}}

do_test trigger1-1.3 {
    catchsql {
        BEGIN;
        CREATE TRIGGER tr2 INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * from sqlite_master; END;
        ROLLBACK;
        CREATE TRIGGER tr2 INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * from sqlite_master; END;
    }
} {0 {}}

do_test trigger1-1.4 {
    catchsql {
        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS tr1;
        CREATE TRIGGER tr1 DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
            SELECT * FROM sqlite_master;
        END
    }
} {0 {}}

do_test trigger1-1.5 {
    execsql {
        BEGIN;
        DROP TRIGGER tr2;
        ROLLBACK;
        DROP TRIGGER tr2;
    }
} {}

do_test trigger1-1.6.1 {
    catchsql {
        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS biggles;
    }
} {0 {}}

do_test trigger1-1.6.2 {
    catchsql {
        DROP TRIGGER biggles;
    }
} {1 {no such trigger: biggles}}

do_test trigger1-1.7 {
    catchsql {
        DROP TABLE t1;
        DROP TRIGGER tr1;
    }
} {1 {no such trigger: tr1}}

ifcapable tempdb {
  execsql {
    CREATE TEMP TABLE temp_table(a);
  }
  do_test trigger1-1.8 {
    execsql {
          CREATE TRIGGER temp_trig UPDATE ON temp_table BEGIN
              SELECT * from sqlite_master;
          END;
          SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = 'temp_trig';
    } 
  } {0}
}

do_test trigger1-1.9 {
  catchsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER UPDATE ON sqlite_master BEGIN
................................................................................
}
do_test trigger1-6.1 {
  execsql {SELECT type, name FROM sqlite_master}
} [concat $view_v1 {table t2}]
do_test trigger1-6.2 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER t2 BEFORE DELETE ON t2 BEGIN
      SELECT RAISE(ABORT,'deletes are not permitted');
    END;
    SELECT type, name FROM sqlite_master;
  }
} [concat $view_v1 {table t2 trigger t2}]
do_test trigger1-6.3 {
  catchsql {DELETE FROM t2}
} {1 {deletes are not permitted}}
do_test trigger1-6.4 {
  execsql {SELECT * FROM t2}
} {3 4 7 8}
do_test trigger1-6.5 {
  db close
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql {SELECT type, name FROM sqlite_master}

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}






# 1.
ifcapable subquery {
  set ii 0
  set tbl_definitions [list \
  	{CREATE TABLE tbl (a, b);}                                      \
  	{CREATE TABLE tbl (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);}                  \

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}

# The tests in this file were written before SQLite supported recursive
# trigger invocation, and some tests depend on that to pass. So disable
# recursive triggers for this file.
catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

# 1.
ifcapable subquery {
  set ii 0
  set tbl_definitions [list \
  	{CREATE TABLE tbl (a, b);}                                      \
  	{CREATE TABLE tbl (a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);}                  \

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}






# Test that we can cause ROLLBACK, FAIL and ABORT correctly
# catchsql { DROP TABLE tbl; }
catchsql { CREATE TABLE tbl (a, b, c) }


execsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER before_tbl_insert BEFORE INSERT ON tbl BEGIN SELECT CASE 
	WHEN (new.a = 4) THEN RAISE(IGNORE) END;
    END;

    CREATE TRIGGER after_tbl_insert AFTER INSERT ON tbl BEGIN SELECT CASE 
	WHEN (new.a = 1) THEN RAISE(ABORT,    'Trigger abort') 
................................................................................
do_test trigger3-1.3 {
    execsql {SELECT * FROM tbl}
} {}

# FAIL
do_test trigger3-2.1 {
    catchsql {
	BEGIN;
        INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (5, 5, 6);
        INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (2, 5, 6);
    }
} {1 {Trigger fail}}
do_test trigger3-2.2 {
    execsql {
	SELECT * FROM tbl;

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}

# The tests in this file were written before SQLite supported recursive }
# trigger invocation, and some tests depend on that to pass. So disable
# recursive triggers for this file.
catchsql { pragma disable_recursive_triggers = 1 } 

# Test that we can cause ROLLBACK, FAIL and ABORT correctly


#
catchsql { CREATE TABLE tbl(a, b ,c) }
execsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER before_tbl_insert BEFORE INSERT ON tbl BEGIN SELECT CASE 
	WHEN (new.a = 4) THEN RAISE(IGNORE) END;
    END;

    CREATE TRIGGER after_tbl_insert AFTER INSERT ON tbl BEGIN SELECT CASE 
	WHEN (new.a = 1) THEN RAISE(ABORT,    'Trigger abort') 
................................................................................
do_test trigger3-1.3 {
    execsql {SELECT * FROM tbl}
} {}

# FAIL
do_test trigger3-2.1 {
    catchsql {
        BEGIN;
        INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (5, 5, 6);
        INSERT INTO tbl VALUES (2, 5, 6);
    }
} {1 {Trigger fail}}
do_test trigger3-2.2 {
    execsql {
	SELECT * FROM tbl;

# heap, use 1000.
#
set nStatement 10000
if {$tcl_platform(platform) == "symbian"} {
  set nStatement 1000
}


do_test trigger8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(x);
    CREATE TABLE t2(y);
  }
  set sql "CREATE TRIGGER r${nStatement} AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN\n"
  for {set i 0} {$i<$nStatement} {incr i} {

# heap, use 1000.
#
set nStatement 10000
if {$tcl_platform(platform) == "symbian"} {
  set nStatement 1000
}

set nStatement 5
do_test trigger8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(x);
    CREATE TABLE t2(y);
  }
  set sql "CREATE TRIGGER r${nStatement} AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN\n"
  for {set i 0} {$i<$nStatement} {incr i} {

      END;
      DELETE FROM t1;
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test trigger9-1.3.2 {
  has_rowdata {DELETE FROM t1}
} 1
do_test trigger9-1.3.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-1.4.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE DELETE ON t1 WHEN old.x='1' BEGIN
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(old.rowid);
................................................................................
      END;
      DELETE FROM t1;
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {1}
do_test trigger9-1.4.2 {
  has_rowdata {DELETE FROM t1}
} 1
do_test trigger9-1.4.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-1.5.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(old.rowid);
................................................................................
      END;
      UPDATE t1 SET y = '';
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test trigger9-1.6.2 {
  has_rowdata {UPDATE t1 SET y = ''}
} 1
do_test trigger9-1.6.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-1.7.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE UPDATE ON t1 WHEN old.x>='2' BEGIN
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(old.x);
................................................................................
      END;
      UPDATE t1 SET y = '';
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {2 3}
do_test trigger9-1.7.2 {
  has_rowdata {UPDATE t1 SET y = ''}
} 1
do_test trigger9-1.7.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-3.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t3(a, b);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1, 'one');
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2, 'two');

      END;
      DELETE FROM t1;
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test trigger9-1.3.2 {
  has_rowdata {DELETE FROM t1}
} 0
do_test trigger9-1.3.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-1.4.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE DELETE ON t1 WHEN old.x='1' BEGIN
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(old.rowid);
................................................................................
      END;
      DELETE FROM t1;
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {1}
do_test trigger9-1.4.2 {
  has_rowdata {DELETE FROM t1}
} 0
do_test trigger9-1.4.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-1.5.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(old.rowid);
................................................................................
      END;
      UPDATE t1 SET y = '';
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {1 2 3}
do_test trigger9-1.6.2 {
  has_rowdata {UPDATE t1 SET y = ''}
} 0
do_test trigger9-1.6.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-1.7.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE UPDATE ON t1 WHEN old.x>='2' BEGIN
        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(old.x);
................................................................................
      END;
      UPDATE t1 SET y = '';
      SELECT * FROM t2;
  }
} {2 3}
do_test trigger9-1.7.2 {
  has_rowdata {UPDATE t1 SET y = ''}
} 0
do_test trigger9-1.7.3 { execsql { ROLLBACK } } {}

do_test trigger9-3.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t3(a, b);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1, 'one');
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2, 'two');

# 2009 August 24
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice', here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
ifcapable {!trigger} {
  finish_test
  return
}

# Enable recursive triggers for this file.
#
execsql { PRAGMA disable_recursive_triggers = 0 }

#sqlite3_db_config_lookaside db 0 0 0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This block of tests, triggerC-1.*, are not aimed at any specific
# property of the triggers sub-system. They were created to debug
# specific problems while modifying SQLite to support recursive
# triggers. They are left here in case they can help debug the
# same problems again.
#
do_test triggerC-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
    CREATE TABLE log(t, a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2);
    CREATE TRIGGER trig1 BEFORE INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('before', NULL, NULL, NULL, new.a, new.b, new.c);
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER trig2 AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('after', NULL, NULL, NULL, new.a, new.b, new.c);
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER trig3 BEFORE UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('before', old.a,old.b,old.c, new.a,new.b,new.c);
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER trig4 AFTER UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('after', old.a,old.b,old.c, new.a,new.b,new.c);
    END;

    CREATE TRIGGER trig5 BEFORE DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('before', old.a,old.b,old.c, NULL,NULL,NULL);
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER trig6 AFTER DELETE ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('after', old.a,old.b,old.c, NULL,NULL,NULL);
    END;
  }
} {}
do_test triggerC-1.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('A', 'B', 'C');
    SELECT * FROM log;
  }
} {before {} {} {} A B C after {} {} {} A B C}
do_test triggerC-1.3 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t1 }
} {A B C}
do_test triggerC-1.4 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM log;
    UPDATE t1 SET a = 'a';
    SELECT * FROM log;
  }
} {before A B C a B C after A B C a B C}
do_test triggerC-1.5 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t1 }
} {a B C}
do_test triggerC-1.6 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM log;
    DELETE FROM t1;
    SELECT * FROM log;
  }
} {before a B C {} {} {} after a B C {} {} {}}
do_test triggerC-1.7 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t1 }
} {}
do_test triggerC-1.8 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t4(a, b);
    CREATE TRIGGER t4t AFTER DELETE ON t4 BEGIN
      SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'delete is not supported');
    END;
  }
} {}
do_test triggerC-1.9 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(1, 2) }
  catchsql { DELETE FROM t4 }
} {1 {delete is not supported}}
do_test triggerC-1.10 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t4 }
} {1 2}
do_test triggerC-1.11 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t5 (a primary key, b, c);
    INSERT INTO t5 values (1, 2, 3);
    CREATE TRIGGER au_tbl AFTER UPDATE ON t5 BEGIN
      UPDATE OR IGNORE t5 SET a = new.a, c = 10;
    END;
  }
} {}
do_test triggerC-1.12 {
  catchsql { UPDATE OR REPLACE t5 SET a = 4 WHERE a = 1 }
} {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
do_test triggerC-1.13 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t6(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(1, 2);
    create trigger r1 after update on t6 for each row begin
      SELECT 1;
    end;
    UPDATE t6 SET a=a; 
  }
} {}
do_test triggerC-1.14 {
  execsql {
    DROP TABLE t1;
    CREATE TABLE cnt(n);
    INSERT INTO cnt VALUES(0);
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b UNIQUE, c, d, e);
    CREATE INDEX t1cd ON t1(c,d);
    CREATE TRIGGER t1r1 AFTER UPDATE ON t1 BEGIN UPDATE cnt SET n=n+1; END;
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2,3,4,5);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(6,7,8,9,10);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(11,12,13,14,15);
  }
} {}
do_test triggerC-1.15 {
  catchsql { UPDATE OR ROLLBACK t1 SET a=100 }
} {1 {PRIMARY KEY must be unique}}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This block of tests, triggerC-2.*, tests that recursive trigger
# programs (triggers that fire themselves) work. More specifically,
# this block focuses on recursive INSERT triggers.
#
do_test triggerC-2.1.0 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t2(a PRIMARY KEY);
  }
} {}

foreach {n tdefn rc} {
  1 { 
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig AFTER INSERT ON t2 WHEN (new.a>0) BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(new.a - 1);
    END; 
  } {0 {10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0}}

  2 {
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig AFTER INSERT ON t2 BEGIN
      SELECT CASE WHEN new.a==2 THEN RAISE(IGNORE) ELSE NULL END;
      INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(new.a - 1);
    END;
  } {0 {10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2}}

  3 { 
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig BEFORE INSERT ON t2 WHEN (new.a>0) BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(new.a - 1);
    END; 
  } {0 {0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}}

  4 { 
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig BEFORE INSERT ON t2 BEGIN
      SELECT CASE WHEN new.a==2 THEN RAISE(IGNORE) ELSE NULL END;
      INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(new.a - 1);
    END;
  } {0 {3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}}

  5 { 
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig BEFORE INSERT ON t2 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(new.a - 1);
    END;
  } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}

  6 { 
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig AFTER INSERT ON t2 WHEN (new.a>0) BEGIN
      INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t2 VALUES(new.a);
    END;
  } {0 10}

  7 { 
    CREATE TRIGGER t2_trig BEFORE INSERT ON t2 WHEN (new.a>0) BEGIN
      INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t2 VALUES(new.a);
    END;
  } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
} {
  do_test triggerC-2.1.$n {
    catchsql { DROP TRIGGER t2_trig }
    execsql  { DELETE FROM t2 }
    execsql  $tdefn
    catchsql {
      INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(10);
      SELECT * FROM t2;
    }
  } $rc
}

do_test triggerC-2.2 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t22(x);

    CREATE TRIGGER t22a AFTER INSERT ON t22 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t22 SELECT x + (SELECT max(x) FROM t22) FROM t22;
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t22b BEFORE INSERT ON t22 BEGIN
      SELECT CASE WHEN (SELECT count(*) FROM t22) >= 100
                  THEN RAISE(IGNORE)
                  ELSE NULL END;
    END;

    INSERT INTO t22 VALUES(1);
    SELECT count(*) FROM t22;
  }
} {100}

do_test triggerC-2.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t23(x PRIMARY KEY);

    CREATE TRIGGER t23a AFTER INSERT ON t23 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t23 VALUES(new.x + 1);
    END;

    CREATE TRIGGER t23b BEFORE INSERT ON t23 BEGIN
      SELECT CASE WHEN new.x>500
                  THEN RAISE(IGNORE)
                  ELSE NULL END;
    END;

    INSERT INTO t23 VALUES(1);
    SELECT count(*) FROM t23;
  }
} {500}
 

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# This block of tests, triggerC-3.*, test that SQLite throws an exception
# when it detects excessive recursion.
#
do_test triggerC-3.1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t3(a, b);
    CREATE TRIGGER t3i AFTER INSERT ON t3 BEGIN
      DELETE FROM t3 WHERE rowid = new.rowid;
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t3d AFTER DELETE ON t3 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(old.a, old.b);
    END;
  }
} {}
do_test triggerC-3.1.2 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(0,0) }
} {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
do_test triggerC-3.1.3 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t3 }
} {}

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# This next block of tests, triggerC-4.*, checks that affinity 
# transformations and constraint processing is performed at the correct 
# times relative to BEFORE and AFTER triggers.
#
# For an INSERT statement, for each row to be inserted:
#
#   1. Apply affinities to non-rowid values to be inserted.
#   2. Fire BEFORE triggers.
#   3. Process constraints.
#   4. Insert new record.
#   5. Fire AFTER triggers.
#
# If the value of the rowid field is to be automatically assigned, it is
# set to -1 in the new.* record. Even if it is explicitly set to NULL
# by the INSERT statement.
#
# For an UPDATE statement, for each row to be deleted:
#
#   1. Apply affinities to non-rowid values to be inserted.
#   2. Fire BEFORE triggers.
#   3. Process constraints.
#   4. Insert new record.
#   5. Fire AFTER triggers.
#
# For a DELETE statement, for each row to be deleted:
#
#   1. Fire BEFORE triggers.
#   2. Remove database record.
#   3. Fire AFTER triggers.
#
# When a numeric value that as an exact integer representation is stored
# in a column with REAL affinity, it is actually stored as an integer.
# These tests check that the typeof() such values is always 'real',
# not 'integer'.
#
# triggerC-4.1.*: Check that affinity transformations are made before
#                 triggers are invoked.
#
do_test triggerC-4.1.1 {
  catchsql { DROP TABLE log }
  catchsql { DROP TABLE t4 }
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE log(t);
    CREATE TABLE t4(a TEXT,b INTEGER,c REAL);
    CREATE TRIGGER t4bi BEFORE INSERT ON t4 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(new.rowid || ' ' || typeof(new.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             new.a     || ' ' || typeof(new.a)     || ' ' ||
                             new.b     || ' ' || typeof(new.b)     || ' ' ||
                             new.c     || ' ' || typeof(new.c)
      );
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t4ai AFTER INSERT ON t4 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(new.rowid || ' ' || typeof(new.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             new.a     || ' ' || typeof(new.a)     || ' ' ||
                             new.b     || ' ' || typeof(new.b)     || ' ' ||
                             new.c     || ' ' || typeof(new.c)
      );
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t4bd BEFORE DELETE ON t4 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(old.rowid || ' ' || typeof(old.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             old.a     || ' ' || typeof(old.a)     || ' ' ||
                             old.b     || ' ' || typeof(old.b)     || ' ' ||
                             old.c     || ' ' || typeof(old.c)
      );
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t4ad AFTER DELETE ON t4 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(old.rowid || ' ' || typeof(old.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             old.a     || ' ' || typeof(old.a)     || ' ' ||
                             old.b     || ' ' || typeof(old.b)     || ' ' ||
                             old.c     || ' ' || typeof(old.c)
      );
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t4bu BEFORE UPDATE ON t4 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(old.rowid || ' ' || typeof(old.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             old.a     || ' ' || typeof(old.a)     || ' ' ||
                             old.b     || ' ' || typeof(old.b)     || ' ' ||
                             old.c     || ' ' || typeof(old.c)
      );
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(new.rowid || ' ' || typeof(new.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             new.a     || ' ' || typeof(new.a)     || ' ' ||
                             new.b     || ' ' || typeof(new.b)     || ' ' ||
                             new.c     || ' ' || typeof(new.c)
      );
    END;
    CREATE TRIGGER t4au AFTER UPDATE ON t4 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(old.rowid || ' ' || typeof(old.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             old.a     || ' ' || typeof(old.a)     || ' ' ||
                             old.b     || ' ' || typeof(old.b)     || ' ' ||
                             old.c     || ' ' || typeof(old.c)
      );
      INSERT INTO log VALUES(new.rowid || ' ' || typeof(new.rowid) || ' ' ||
                             new.a     || ' ' || typeof(new.a)     || ' ' ||
                             new.b     || ' ' || typeof(new.b)     || ' ' ||
                             new.c     || ' ' || typeof(new.c)
      );
    END;
  }
} {}
foreach {n insert log} {

  2 { 
   INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('1', '1', '1');
   DELETE FROM t4;
  } {
    -1 integer 1 text 1 integer 1.0 real 
     1 integer 1 text 1 integer 1.0 real
     1 integer 1 text 1 integer 1.0 real 
     1 integer 1 text 1 integer 1.0 real
  }

  3 { 
   INSERT INTO t4(rowid,a,b,c) VALUES(45, 45, 45, 45);
   DELETE FROM t4;
  } {
    45 integer 45 text 45 integer 45.0 real
    45 integer 45 text 45 integer 45.0 real
    45 integer 45 text 45 integer 45.0 real
    45 integer 45 text 45 integer 45.0 real
  }

  4 { 
   INSERT INTO t4(rowid,a,b,c) VALUES(-42.0, -42.0, -42.0, -42.0);
   DELETE FROM t4;
  } {
    -42 integer -42.0 text -42 integer -42.0 real 
    -42 integer -42.0 text -42 integer -42.0 real
    -42 integer -42.0 text -42 integer -42.0 real 
    -42 integer -42.0 text -42 integer -42.0 real
  }

  5 { 
   INSERT INTO t4(rowid,a,b,c) VALUES(NULL, -42.4, -42.4, -42.4);
   DELETE FROM t4;
  } {
    -1 integer -42.4 text -42.4 real -42.4 real
     1 integer -42.4 text -42.4 real -42.4 real
     1 integer -42.4 text -42.4 real -42.4 real
     1 integer -42.4 text -42.4 real -42.4 real
  }

  6 { 
   INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(7, 7, 7);
   UPDATE t4 SET a=8, b=8, c=8;
  } {
    -1 integer 7 text 7 integer 7.0 real
     1 integer 7 text 7 integer 7.0 real
     1 integer 7 text 7 integer 7.0 real
     1 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
     1 integer 7 text 7 integer 7.0 real
     1 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
  }

  7 { 
   UPDATE t4 SET rowid=2;
  } {
     1 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
     2 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
     1 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
     2 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
  }

  8 { 
   UPDATE t4 SET a='9', b='9', c='9';
  } {
     2 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
     2 integer 9 text 9 integer 9.0 real
     2 integer 8 text 8 integer 8.0 real
     2 integer 9 text 9 integer 9.0 real
  }

  9 { 
   UPDATE t4 SET a='9.1', b='9.1', c='9.1';
  } {
     2 integer 9   text 9   integer 9.0 real
     2 integer 9.1 text 9.1 real    9.1 real
     2 integer 9   text 9   integer 9.0 real
     2 integer 9.1 text 9.1 real    9.1 real
  }
} {
  do_test triggerC-4.1.$n {
    eval concat [execsql " 
      DELETE FROM log;
      $insert ; 
      SELECT * FROM log;
    "]
  } [join $log " "]
} 

finish_test

  }
  if {[regexp "^\175" $line]} {
    append afterUnion $line\n
    set vlist {}
  } elseif {[llength $vlist]>0} {
    append line " "
    foreach v $vlist {

      regsub -all "(\[^a-zA-Z0-9>.\])${v}(\\W)" $line "\\1u.$sname.$v\\2" line
    }
    append afterUnion [string trimright $line]\n
  } elseif {$line=="" && [eof stdin]} {
    # no-op
  } else {
    append afterUnion $line\n

  }
  if {[regexp "^\175" $line]} {
    append afterUnion $line\n
    set vlist {}
  } elseif {[llength $vlist]>0} {
    append line " "
    foreach v $vlist {
      regsub -all "(\[^a-zA-Z0-9>.\])${v}(\\W)" $line "\\1u.$sname.$v\\2" line
      regsub -all "(\[^a-zA-Z0-9>.\])${v}(\\W)" $line "\\1u.$sname.$v\\2" line
    }
    append afterUnion [string trimright $line]\n
  } elseif {$line=="" && [eof stdin]} {
    # no-op
  } else {
    append afterUnion $line\n