SQLite

**
** There are actually several different VFS implementations in this file.
** The differences are in the way that file locking is done.  The default
** implementation uses Posix Advisory Locks.  Alternative implementations
** use flock(), dot-files, various proprietary locking schemas, or simply
** skip locking all together.
**
** This source file is organized into divisions where the logic for various
** subfunctions is contained within the appropriate division.  PLEASE
** KEEP THE STRUCTURE OF THIS FILE INTACT.  New code should be placed
** in the correct division and should be clearly labeled.
**
** The current set of divisions is as follows:
**
**   *  General-purpose declarations and utility functions.
**   *  Unique file ID logic used by VxWorks.
**   *  Various locking primitive implementations:
**      + for Posix Advisory Locks
**      + for no-op locks
**      + for dot-file locks
**      + for flock() locking
**      + for named semaphore locks (VxWorks only)
**      + for AFP filesystem locks (MacOSX only)
**      + for proxy locks (MacOSX only)

**   *  sqlite3_file methods not associated with locking.
**   *  Definitions of sqlite3_io_methods objects for all locking
**      methods plus "finder" functions for each locking method.
**   *  VFS method implementations.
**   *  Definitions of sqlite3_vfs objects for all locking methods
**      plus implementations of sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().
**
** $Id: os_unix.c,v 1.224 2008/11/29 02:20:27 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX              /* This file is used on unix only */

/*
** This module implements the following locking styles:
**
**   1. POSIX locking (the default),
**   2. No locking,
**   3. Dot-file locking,
**   4. flock() locking,
**   5. AFP locking (OSX only),
**   6. Named POSIX semaphores (VXWorks only),
**   7. proxy locking. (OSX only)
**
** Styles 4, 5, and 7 are only available of SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
** is defined to 1.  The SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE also enables automatic
** selection of the appropriate locking style based on the filesystem
** where the database is located.  



*/
#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
#  if defined(__DARWIN__)
#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 1
#  else
#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 0
#  endif

** Large file support can be disabled using the -DSQLITE_DISABLE_LFS switch
** on the compiler command line.  This is necessary if you are compiling
** on a recent machine (ex: RedHat 7.2) but you want your code to work
** on an older machine (ex: RedHat 6.0).  If you compile on RedHat 7.2
** without this option, LFS is enable.  But LFS does not exist in the kernel
** in RedHat 6.0, so the code won't work.  Hence, for maximum binary
** portability you should omit LFS.
**
** The previous paragraph was written in 2005.  (This paragraph is written
** on 2008-11-28.) These days, all Linux kernels support large files, so
** you should probably leave LFS enabled.  But some embedded platforms might
** lack LFS in which case the SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS macro might still be useful.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
# define _LARGE_FILE       1
# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
# endif
# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1

#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <errno.h>

#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
# include <sys/ioctl.h>
# if OS_VXWORKS

#  include <semaphore.h>
#  include <limits.h>
# else
#  include <sys/file.h>
#  include <sys/param.h>
#  include <sys/mount.h>
# endif
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE */

/*
** If we are to be thread-safe, include the pthreads header and define

** Only set the lastErrno if the error code is a real error and not 
** a normal expected return code of SQLITE_BUSY or SQLITE_OK
*/
#define IS_LOCK_ERROR(x)  ((x != SQLITE_OK) && (x != SQLITE_BUSY))


/*
** The unixFile structure is subclass of sqlite3_file specific to the unix
** VFS implementations.
*/
typedef struct unixFile unixFile;
struct unixFile {
  sqlite3_io_methods const *pMethod;  /* Always the first entry */
  struct unixOpenCnt *pOpen;       /* Info about all open fd's on this inode */
  struct unixLockInfo *pLock;      /* Info about locks on this inode */
  int h;                           /* The file descriptor */

  int nRef;                     /* Number of references to this one */
  int nName;                    /* Length of the zCanonicalName[] string */
  char *zCanonicalName;         /* Canonical filename */
};

#if OS_VXWORKS
/* 
** All unique filenames are held on a linked list headed by this
** variable:
*/
static struct vxworksFileId *vxworksFileList = 0;

/*
** Simplify a filename into its canonical form
** by making the following changes:
**
**  * removing any trailing and duplicate /
**  * convert /./ into just /
**  * convert /A/../ where A is any simple name into just /
**
** Changes are made in-place.  Return the new name length.
**
** The original filename is in z[0..n-1].  Return the number of
** characters in the simplified name.
*/
static int vxworksSimplifyName(char *z, int n){

/*************** End of Unique File ID Utility Used By VxWorks ****************
******************************************************************************/


/******************************************************************************
*************************** Posix Advisory Locking ****************************
**
** POSIX advisory locks are broken by design.  ANSI STD 1003.1 (1996)
** section 6.5.2.2 lines 483 through 490 specify that when a process
** sets or clears a lock, that operation overrides any prior locks set
** by the same process.  It does not explicitly say so, but this implies
** that it overrides locks set by the same process using a different
** file descriptor.  Consider this test case:
**
**       int fd1 = open("./file1", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0644);

** on its own.  Whenever a new database is opened, we have to find the
** specific inode of the database file (the inode is determined by the
** st_dev and st_ino fields of the stat structure that fstat() fills in)
** and check for locks already existing on that inode.  When locks are
** created or removed, we have to look at our own internal record of the
** locks to see if another thread has previously set a lock on that same
** inode.
**
** (Aside: The use of inode numbers as unique IDs does not work on VxWorks.
** For VxWorks, we have to use the alternative unique ID system based on
** canonical filename and implemented in the previous division.)
**
** The sqlite3_file structure for POSIX is no longer just an integer file
** descriptor.  It is now a structure that holds the integer file
** descriptor and a pointer to a structure that describes the internal
** locks on the corresponding inode.  There is one locking structure
** per inode, so if the same inode is opened twice, both unixFile structures
** point to the same locking structure.  The locking structure keeps

** unixOpenCnt.  When an attempt is made to close an unixFile, if there are
** other unixFile open on the same inode that are holding locks, the call
** to close() the file descriptor is deferred until all of the locks clear.
** The unixOpenCnt structure keeps a list of file descriptors that need to
** be closed and that list is walked (and cleared) when the last lock
** clears.
**
** Yet another problem:  LinuxThreads do not play well with posix locks.
**
** Many older versions of linux use the LinuxThreads library which is
** not posix compliant.  Under LinuxThreads, a lock created by thread
** A cannot be modified or overridden by a different thread B.
** Only thread A can modify the lock.  Locking behavior is correct
** if the appliation uses the newer Native Posix Thread Library (NPTL)
** on linux - with NPTL a lock created by thread A can override locks
** in thread B.  But there is no way to know at compile-time which
** threading library is being used.  So there is no way to know at
** compile-time whether or not thread A can override locks on thread B.
** We have to do a run-time check to discover the behavior of the
** current process.
**
** On systems where thread A is unable to modify locks created by
** thread B, we have to keep track of which thread created each
** lock.  Hence there is an extra field in the key to the unixLockInfo
** structure to record this information.  And on those systems it
** is illegal to begin a transaction in one thread and finish it
** in another.  For this latter restriction, there is no work-around.
** It is a limitation of LinuxThreads.
*/

/*

#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE && defined(__linux__)
  pthread_t tid;  /* Thread ID of lock owner. Zero if not using LinuxThreads */
#endif
};

/*
** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
** inode.  Or, on LinuxThreads, there is one of these structures for

** each inode opened by each thread.
**
** A single inode can have multiple file descriptors, so each unixFile
** structure contains a pointer to an instance of this object and this
** object keeps a count of the number of unixFile pointing to it.
*/
struct unixLockInfo {
  struct unixLockKey lockKey;     /* The lookup key */
  int cnt;                        /* Number of SHARED locks held */
  int locktype;                   /* One of SHARED_LOCK, RESERVED_LOCK etc. */
  int nRef;                       /* Number of pointers to this structure */
  struct unixLockInfo *pNext;     /* List of all unixLockInfo objects */
  struct unixLockInfo *pPrev;     /*    .... doubly linked */
};

/*
** An instance of the following structure is allocated for each open
** inode.  This structure keeps track of the number of locks on that
** inode.  If a close is attempted against an inode that is holding
** locks, the close is deferred until all locks clear by adding the
** file descriptor to be closed to the pending list.
**
** TODO:  Consider changing this so that there is only a single file
** descriptor for each open file, even when it is opened multiple times.
** The close() system call would only occur when the last database
** using the file closes.
*/
struct unixOpenCnt {
  struct unixFileId fileId;   /* The lookup key */
  int nRef;                   /* Number of pointers to this structure */
  int nLock;                  /* Number of outstanding locks */
  int nPending;               /* Number of pending close() operations */
  int *aPending;            /* Malloced space holding fd's awaiting a close() */
#if OS_VXWORKS
  sem_t *pSem;                     /* Named POSIX semaphore */
  char aSemName[MAX_PATHNAME+1];   /* Name of that semaphore */
#endif
  struct unixOpenCnt *pNext, *pPrev;   /* List of all unixOpenCnt objects */
};

/*
** Lists of all unixLockInfo and unixOpenCnt objects.  These used to be hash
** tables.  But the number of objects is rarely more than a dozen and
** never exceeds a few thousand.  And lookup is not on a critical
** path so a simple linked list will suffice.
*/
static struct unixLockInfo *lockList = 0;
static struct unixOpenCnt *openList = 0;

/*
** This variable remembers whether or not threads can override each others
** locks.
**
**    0:  No.  Threads cannot override each others locks.  (LinuxThreads)
**    1:  Yes.  Threads can override each others locks.  (Posix & NLPT)
**   -1:  We don't know yet.
**
** On some systems, we know at compile-time if threads can override each
** others locks.  On those systems, the SQLITE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK macro
** will be set appropriately.  On other systems, we have to check at
** runtime.  On these latter systems, SQLTIE_THREAD_OVERRIDE_LOCK is
** undefined.

        pOpen->pNext->pPrev = pOpen->pPrev;
      }
      sqlite3_free(pOpen->aPending);
      sqlite3_free(pOpen);
    }
  }
}


/*
** Given a file descriptor, locate unixLockInfo and unixOpenCnt structures that
** describes that file descriptor.  Create new ones if necessary.  The
** return values might be uninitialized if an error occurs.
**
** Return an appropriate error code.

}

/*
** This function performs the parts of the "close file" operation 
** common to all locking schemes. It closes the directory and file
** handles, if they are valid, and sets all fields of the unixFile
** structure to 0.
**
** It is *not* necessary to hold the mutex when this routine is called,
** even on VxWorks.  A mutex will be acquired on VxWorks by the
** vxworksReleaseFileId() routine.
*/
static int closeUnixFile(sqlite3_file *id){
  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
  if( pFile ){
    if( pFile->dirfd>=0 ){
      int err = close(pFile->dirfd);
      if( err ){

        pFile->lastErrno = errno;
        return SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE;
      }
    }
#if OS_VXWORKS
    if( pFile->pId ){
      if( pFile->isDelete ){
        unlink(pFile->pId->zCanonicalName);
      }
      vxworksReleaseFileId(pFile->pId);
      pFile->pId = 0;
    }
#endif
    OSTRACE2("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h);
    OpenCounter(-1);

** prevent simultaneous access of the same database by two or more
** database connections.  But there is a serious risk of database
** corruption if this locking mode is used in situations where multiple
** database connections are accessing the same database file at the same
** time and one or more of those connections are writing.
*/






static int nolockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int *pResOut){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
  *pResOut = 0;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

static int nolockLock(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int NotUsed2){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

static int nolockUnlock(sqlite3_file *NotUsed, int NotUsed2){
  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Close the file.
*/
static int nolockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {


  return closeUnixFile(id);


}

/******************* End of the no-op lock implementation *********************
******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************
************************* Begin dot-file Locking ******************************

    return rc; 
  }
  pFile->locktype = NO_LOCK;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Close a file.  Make sure the lock has been released before closing.
*/
static int dotlockClose(sqlite3_file *id) {
  int rc;
  if( id ){
    unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;
    dotlockUnlock(id, NO_LOCK);
    sqlite3_free(pFile->lockingContext);
  }

  rc = closeUnixFile(id);

  return rc;
}
/****************** End of the dot-file lock implementation *******************
******************************************************************************/

/******************************************************************************
************************** Begin flock Locking ********************************
**
** Use the flock() system call to do file locking.
**
** Omit this section if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE is turned off or if
** compiling for VXWORKS.
*/
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && !OS_VXWORKS







/* flock-style reserved lock checking following the behavior of 
 ** unixCheckReservedLock, see the unixCheckReservedLock function comments */
static int flockCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *id, int *pResOut){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int reserved = 0;
  unixFile *pFile = (unixFile*)id;

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Code for testing all sorts of SQLite interfaces.  This code
** is not included in the SQLite library.  It is used for automated
** testing of the SQLite library.
**
** $Id: test1.c,v 1.334 2008/11/29 02:20:27 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "tcl.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/*

  if( objc!=2 ){
    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
                     Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], 0), " DB", 0);
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
  
#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
#  if defined(__DARWIN__)
#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 1
#  else
#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 0
#  endif
#endif
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__DARWIN__)
  {
    char *proxyPath = "test.proxy";
    char *testPath;
    rc = sqlite3_file_control(db, NULL, SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE, proxyPath);
    if( rc ){
      Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewIntObj(rc)); return TCL_ERROR;
    }

** 
** This file contains code used for testing the SQLite system.
** None of the code in this file goes into a deliverable build.
** 
** The focus of this file is providing the TCL testing layer
** access to compile-time constants.
**
** $Id: test_config.c,v 1.45 2008/11/29 02:20:27 drh Exp $
*/

#include "sqliteLimit.h"

#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "tcl.h"
#include <stdlib.h>

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "schema_version", "0", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#else
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "schema_version", "1", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#endif

#if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE)
#  if defined(__DARWIN__)
#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 1
#  else
#    define SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE 0
#  endif
#endif
#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE && defined(__DARWIN__)
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp,"sqlite_options","lock_proxy_pragmas","1",TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#else
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp,"sqlite_options","lock_proxy_pragmas","0",TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#endif
    
    
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE

# 2008 June 28
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this script is database locks.
#
# $Id: lock5.test,v 1.5 2008/11/29 02:20:27 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# This file is only run if using the unix backend compiled with the
# SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE macro.
db close
if {[catch {sqlite3 db test.db -vfs unix-none} msg]} {
  finish_test
  return
}
db close
file delete -force test.db.lock

ifcapable lock_proxy_pragmas {
  set ::using_proxy 0
  foreach {name value} [array get env SQLITE_FORCE_PROXY_LOCKING] {
    set ::using_proxy $value
  }
  # Disable the proxy locking for these tests