p->aSortOrder = (u8*)pExtra;
    p->nColumn = nCol;
    p->nKeyCol = nCol - 1;
    *ppExtra = ((char*)p) + nByte;
  }
  return p;
}






















/*
** Create a new index for an SQL table.  pName1.pName2 is the name of the index 
** and pTblList is the name of the table that is to be indexed.  Both will 
** be NULL for a primary key or an index that is created to satisfy a
** UNIQUE constraint.  If pTable and pIndex are NULL, use pParse->pNewTable
** as the table to be indexed.  pParse->pNewTable is a table that is
................................................................................
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( IN_DECLARE_VTAB && idxType!=SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    goto exit_create_index;



  }

  /*
  ** Find the table that is to be indexed.  Return early if not found.
  */
  if( pTblName!=0 ){

    p->aSortOrder = (u8*)pExtra;
    p->nColumn = nCol;
    p->nKeyCol = nCol - 1;
    *ppExtra = ((char*)p) + nByte;
  }
  return p;
}

/*
** If expression list pList contains an expression that was parsed with
** an explicit "NULLS FIRST" or "NULLS LAST" clause, leave an error in
** pParse and return non-zero. Otherwise, return zero.
*/
int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pList){
  if( pList ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      if( pList->a[i].bNulls ){
        u8 sf = pList->a[i].sortFlags;
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unsupported use of NULLS %s", 
            (sf==0 || sf==3) ? "FIRST" : "LAST"
        );
        return 1;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Create a new index for an SQL table.  pName1.pName2 is the name of the index 
** and pTblList is the name of the table that is to be indexed.  Both will 
** be NULL for a primary key or an index that is created to satisfy a
** UNIQUE constraint.  If pTable and pIndex are NULL, use pParse->pNewTable
** as the table to be indexed.  pParse->pNewTable is a table that is
................................................................................
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( IN_DECLARE_VTAB && idxType!=SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
  if( sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pList) ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }

  /*
  ** Find the table that is to be indexed.  Return early if not found.
  */
  if( pTblName!=0 ){

  return pList;
}

/*
** Set the sort order for the last element on the given ExprList.
*/
void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList *p, int iSortOrder, int eNulls){

  if( p==0 ) return;
  assert( p->nExpr>0 );

  assert( SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED<0 && SQLITE_SO_ASC==0 && SQLITE_SO_DESC>0 );
  assert( iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED 
       || iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC 
       || iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_DESC 
  );
  assert( eNulls==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED 
       || eNulls==SQLITE_SO_ASC 
       || eNulls==SQLITE_SO_DESC 
  );



  if( iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED ) iSortOrder = SQLITE_SO_ASC;


  p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortFlags = (u8)iSortOrder;

  if( eNulls!=SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED && iSortOrder!=eNulls ){


    p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortFlags |= KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL;

  }
}

/*
** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
** on the expression list.
**

  return pList;
}

/*
** Set the sort order for the last element on the given ExprList.
*/
void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList *p, int iSortOrder, int eNulls){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  if( p==0 ) return;
  assert( p->nExpr>0 );

  assert( SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED<0 && SQLITE_SO_ASC==0 && SQLITE_SO_DESC>0 );
  assert( iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED 
       || iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC 
       || iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_DESC 
  );
  assert( eNulls==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED 
       || eNulls==SQLITE_SO_ASC 
       || eNulls==SQLITE_SO_DESC 
  );

  pItem = &p->a[p->nExpr-1];
  assert( pItem->bNulls==0 );
  if( iSortOrder==SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED ){
    iSortOrder = SQLITE_SO_ASC;
  }
  pItem->sortFlags = (u8)iSortOrder;

  if( eNulls!=SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED ){
    pItem->bNulls = 1;
    if( iSortOrder!=eNulls ){
      pItem->sortFlags |= KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
** on the expression list.
**

  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
  if( pUpsert ){
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "UPSERT not implemented for virtual table \"%s\"",
              pTab->zName);
      goto insert_cleanup;



    }
    pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iDataCur;
    pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = pTabList;
    pUpsert->regData = regData;
    pUpsert->iDataCur = iDataCur;
    pUpsert->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
    if( pUpsert->pUpsertTarget ){

  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UPSERT
  if( pUpsert ){
    if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "UPSERT not implemented for virtual table \"%s\"",
              pTab->zName);
      goto insert_cleanup;
    }
    if( sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget) ){
      goto insert_cleanup;
    }
    pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iDataCur;
    pUpsert->pUpsertSrc = pTabList;
    pUpsert->regData = regData;
    pUpsert->iDataCur = iDataCur;
    pUpsert->iIdxCur = iIdxCur;
    if( pUpsert->pUpsertTarget ){

*/
struct ExprList {
  int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
  struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
    Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
    char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
    char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
    u8 sortFlags;           /* 1 for DESC or 0 for ASC */
    unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
    unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
    unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
    unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */

    union {
      struct {
        u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
        u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
      } x;
      int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
    } u;
................................................................................
Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);


#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
#endif
int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), 

*/
struct ExprList {
  int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
  struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
    Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
    char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
    char *zSpan;            /* Original text of the expression */
    u8 sortFlags;           /* Mask of KEYINFO_ORDER_* flags */
    unsigned done :1;       /* A flag to indicate when processing is finished */
    unsigned bSpanIsTab :1; /* zSpan holds DB.TABLE.COLUMN */
    unsigned reusable :1;   /* Constant expression is reusable */
    unsigned bSorterRef :1; /* Defer evaluation until after sorting */
    unsigned bNulls: 1;     /* True if explicit "NULLS FIRST/LAST" */
    union {
      struct {
        u16 iOrderByCol;      /* For ORDER BY, column number in result set */
        u16 iAlias;           /* Index into Parse.aAlias[] for zName */
      } x;
      int iConstExprReg;      /* Register in which Expr value is cached */
    } u;
................................................................................
Schema *sqlite3SchemaGet(sqlite3 *, Btree *);
int sqlite3SchemaToIndex(sqlite3 *db, Schema *);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3*,int,int);
void sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(KeyInfo*);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoRef(KeyInfo*);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(Parse*, Index*);
KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoFromExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int);
int sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(Parse*, ExprList*);

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
int sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(KeyInfo*);
#endif
int sqlite3CreateFunc(sqlite3 *, const char *, int, int, void *,
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **),
  void (*)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value **), 

      pSelect = 0;
    }else{
      pTriggerStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
    }
    pTriggerStep->pIdList = pColumn;
    pTriggerStep->pUpsert = pUpsert;
    pTriggerStep->orconf = orconf;



  }else{
    testcase( pColumn );
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
    testcase( pUpsert );
    sqlite3UpsertDelete(db, pUpsert);
  }
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);

      pSelect = 0;
    }else{
      pTriggerStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
    }
    pTriggerStep->pIdList = pColumn;
    pTriggerStep->pUpsert = pUpsert;
    pTriggerStep->orconf = orconf;
    if( pUpsert ){
      sqlite3HasExplicitNulls(pParse, pUpsert->pUpsertTarget);
    }
  }else{
    testcase( pColumn );
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pColumn);
    testcase( pUpsert );
    sqlite3UpsertDelete(db, pUpsert);
  }
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);

  SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a=1 ORDER BY b DESC NULLS FIRST
} {
  1 {} 3
  1 {} 2     
  1 4 4     
  1 1 1
}








































finish_test

  SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a=1 ORDER BY b DESC NULLS FIRST
} {
  1 {} 3
  1 {} 2     
  1 4 4     
  1 1 1
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c, d, UNIQUE (b));
}
foreach {tn sql err}  {
  1 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a ASC NULLS LAST) }           LAST
  2 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a ASC NULLS FIRST) }          FIRST
  3 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b ASC NULLS LAST) }        LAST
  4 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b ASC NULLS FIRST) }       FIRST
  5 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a DESC NULLS LAST) }          LAST
  6 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a DESC NULLS FIRST) }         FIRST
  7 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b DESC NULLS LAST) }       LAST
  8 { CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b DESC NULLS FIRST) }      FIRST
  9  { CREATE TABLE t2(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a DESC, b NULLS FIRST)) } FIRST
  10 { CREATE TABLE t2(a, b, UNIQUE(a DESC NULLS FIRST, b)) }      FIRST
  11 { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3, 4)
          ON CONFLICT (b DESC NULLS LAST) DO UPDATE SET a = a+1 } LAST
  12 {
    CREATE TRIGGER tr1 AFTER INSERT ON t1 BEGIN
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3, 4)
      ON CONFLICT (b DESC NULLS FIRST) DO UPDATE SET a = a+1;
    END
  } FIRST
} {
  do_catchsql_test 3.1.$tn $sql "1 {unsupported use of NULLS $err}"
}

do_execsql_test 3.2 {
  CREATE TABLE first(nulls, last);
  INSERT INTO first(last, nulls) VALUES(100,200), (300,400), (200,300);
  SELECT * FROM first ORDER BY nulls;
} {
  200 100
  300 200
  400 300
}


finish_test