SQLite

  int nArg;                       /* Number of command arguments */
  char **azArg;                   /* Array of command arguments */
};

/*
** Print a usage message for the .ar command to stderr and return SQLITE_ERROR.
*/
static int arUsage(FILE *f){
  raw_printf(f,
"\n"
"Usage: .ar [OPTION...] [FILE...]\n"
"The .ar command manages sqlar archives.\n"
"\n"
"Examples:\n"
"  .ar -cf archive.sar foo bar    # Create archive.sar from files foo and bar\n"
"  .ar -tf archive.sar            # List members of archive.sar\n"
"  .ar -xvf archive.sar           # Verbosely extract files from archive.sar\n"
"\n"
"Each command line must feature exactly one command option:\n"
"  -c, --create               Create a new archive\n"
"  -u, --update               Update or add files to an existing archive\n"
"  -t, --list                 List contents of archive\n"
"  -x, --extract              Extract files from archive\n"
"\n"
"And zero or more optional options:\n"
"  -v, --verbose              Print each filename as it is processed\n"
"  -f FILE, --file FILE       Operate on archive FILE (default is current db)\n"
"  -C DIR, --directory DIR    Change to directory DIR to read/extract files\n"
"\n"
"See also: http://sqlite.org/cli.html#sqlar_archive_support\n"
"\n"
);
  return SQLITE_ERROR;
}

/*
** Print an error message for the .ar command to stderr and return 
** SQLITE_ERROR.
*/
static int arErrorMsg(const char *zFmt, ...){
  va_list ap;
  char *z;
  va_start(ap, zFmt);
  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  raw_printf(stderr, "Error: %s (try \".ar --help\")\n", z);
  sqlite3_free(z);
  return SQLITE_ERROR;
}

/*
** Values for ArCommand.eCmd.
*/
#define AR_CMD_CREATE       1
#define AR_CMD_EXTRACT      2
#define AR_CMD_LIST         3
#define AR_CMD_UPDATE       4
#define AR_CMD_HELP         5

/*
** Other (non-command) switches.
*/
#define AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE   6
#define AR_SWITCH_FILE      7
#define AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY 8

static int arProcessSwitch(ArCommand *pAr, int eSwitch, const char *zArg){
  switch( eSwitch ){
    case AR_CMD_CREATE:
    case AR_CMD_EXTRACT:
    case AR_CMD_LIST:
    case AR_CMD_UPDATE:
    case AR_CMD_HELP:
      if( pAr->eCmd ){
        return arErrorMsg("multiple command options");
      }
      pAr->eCmd = eSwitch;
      break;

    case AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE:
      pAr->bVerbose = 1;
      break;

    int eSwitch;
    int bArg;
  } aSwitch[] = {
    { 'c', "create",    AR_CMD_CREATE, 0 },
    { 'x', "extract",   AR_CMD_EXTRACT, 0 },
    { 't', "list",      AR_CMD_LIST, 0 },
    { 'u', "update",    AR_CMD_UPDATE, 0 },
    { 'h', "help",      AR_CMD_HELP, 0 },
    { 'v', "verbose",   AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE, 0 },
    { 'f', "file",      AR_SWITCH_FILE, 1 },
    { 'C', "directory", AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY, 1 }
  };
  int nSwitch = sizeof(aSwitch) / sizeof(struct ArSwitch);
  struct ArSwitch *pEnd = &aSwitch[nSwitch];

  if( nArg<=1 ){
    return arUsage(stderr);
  }else{
    char *z = azArg[1];
    memset(pAr, 0, sizeof(ArCommand));

    if( z[0]!='-' ){
      /* Traditional style [tar] invocation */
      int i;
      int iArg = 2;
      for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
        const char *zArg = 0;
        struct ArSwitch *pOpt;
        for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
          if( z[i]==pOpt->cShort ) break;
        }
        if( pOpt==pEnd ){
          return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %c", z[i]);
        }
        if( pOpt->bArg ){
          if( iArg>=nArg ){
            return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %c",z[i]);
          }
          zArg = azArg[iArg++];
        }
        if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pOpt->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg;
      if( pAr->nArg>0 ){
        pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg];

          /* One or more short options */
          for(i=1; i<n; i++){
            const char *zArg = 0;
            struct ArSwitch *pOpt;
            for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
              if( z[i]==pOpt->cShort ) break;
            }
            if( pOpt==pEnd ){
              return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %c\n", z[i]);
            }
            if( pOpt->bArg ){
              if( i<(n-1) ){
                zArg = &z[i+1];
                i = n;
              }else{
                if( iArg>=(nArg-1) ){
                  return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %c\n",z[i]);
                }
                zArg = azArg[++iArg];
              }
            }
            if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pOpt->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
          }
        }else if( z[2]=='\0' ){
          /* A -- option, indicating that all remaining command line words
          ** are command arguments.  */
          pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg+1];
          pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg-1;
          break;
        }else{
          /* A long option */
          const char *zArg = 0;             /* Argument for option, if any */
          struct ArSwitch *pMatch = 0;      /* Matching option */
          struct ArSwitch *pOpt;            /* Iterator */
          for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
            const char *zLong = pOpt->zLong;
            if( (n-2)<=strlen(zLong) && 0==memcmp(&z[2], zLong, n-2) ){
              if( pMatch ){
                return arErrorMsg("ambiguous option: %s",z);

              }else{
                pMatch = pOpt;
              }
            }
          }

          if( pMatch==0 ){

            return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %s", z);
          }
          if( pMatch->bArg ){
            if( iArg>=(nArg-1) ){
              return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %s", z);
            }
            zArg = azArg[++iArg];
          }
          if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pMatch->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  shellPrepare2(db, &rc, zSql1, zWhere, &pSql);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_bind_text(pSql, 1, zDir, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
  }
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
    if( pAr->bVerbose ){
      raw_printf(p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
    }
  }
  shellFinalize(&rc, pSql);

  shellPrepare2(db, &rc, zSql2, zWhere, &pSql);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_bind_text(pSql, 1, zDir, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);

    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
      int sz;
      const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
      int mode = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 1);
      unsigned int mtime = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 2);

      if( pAr->bVerbose ){
        raw_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zName);
      }

      sqlite3_bind_text(pInsert, 1, zName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3_bind_int(pInsert, 2, mode);
      sqlite3_bind_int64(pInsert, 3, (sqlite3_int64)mtime);

      if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){

      case AR_CMD_EXTRACT:
        rc = arExtractCommand(pState, db, &cmd);
        break;

      case AR_CMD_LIST:
        rc = arListCommand(pState, db, &cmd);
        break;

      case AR_CMD_HELP:
        arUsage(pState->out);
        break;

      default:
        assert( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE );
        rc = arUpdateCmd(pState, db, &cmd);
        break;
    }