SQLite

** This file contains the C functions that implement date and time
** functions for SQLite.  
**
** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
** All other code has file scope.
**
** $Id: date.c,v 1.20 2004/05/24 07:04:26 danielk1977 Exp $
**
** NOTES:
**
** SQLite processes all times and dates as Julian Day numbers.  The
** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
** calendar system.

    double r;
    if( sqlite3OsCurrentTime(&r)==0 ){
      p->rJD = r;
      p->validJD = 1;
      return 0;
    }
    return 1;
  }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(zDate, 0, TEXT_Utf8) ){
    p->rJD = sqlite3AtoF(zDate, 0);
    p->validJD = 1;
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

** This file contains the C functions that implement various SQL
** functions of SQLite.  
**
** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
** sqliteRegisterBuildinFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
** All other code has file scope.
**
** $Id: func.c,v 1.49 2004/05/24 07:04:26 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"

** "NULL".  Otherwise, the argument is enclosed in single quotes with
** single-quote escapes.
*/
static void quoteFunc(sqlite_func *context, int argc, const char **argv){
  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( argv[0]==0 ){
    sqlite3_set_result_string(context, "NULL", 4);
  }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(argv[0], 0, TEXT_Utf8) ){
    sqlite3_set_result_string(context, argv[0], -1);
  }else{
    int i,j,n;
    char *z;
    for(i=n=0; argv[0][i]; i++){ if( argv[0][i]=='\'' ) n++; }
    z = sqliteMalloc( i+n+3 );
    if( z==0 ) return;

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code to implement the "sqlite" command line
** utility for accessing SQLite databases.
**
** $Id: shell.c,v 1.98 2004/05/24 07:04:26 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "sqlite.h"
#include <ctype.h>

static char mainPrompt[20];     /* First line prompt. default: "sqlite> "*/
static char continuePrompt[20]; /* Continuation prompt. default: "   ...> " */


/*
** Determines if a string is a number of not.
*/
extern int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, unsigned char);

/*
** This routine reads a line of text from standard input, stores
** the text in memory obtained from malloc() and returns a pointer
** to the text.  NULL is returned at end of file, or if malloc()
** fails.
**

    case MODE_Insert: {
      if( azArg==0 ) break;
      fprintf(p->out,"INSERT INTO %s VALUES(",p->zDestTable);
      for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
        char *zSep = i>0 ? ",": "";
        if( azArg[i]==0 ){
          fprintf(p->out,"%sNULL",zSep);
        }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(azArg[i], 0, 1) ){
          fprintf(p->out,"%s%s",zSep, azArg[i]);
        }else{
          if( zSep[0] ) fprintf(p->out,"%s",zSep);
          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
        }
      }
      fprintf(p->out,");\n");

/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.248 2004/05/24 07:04:26 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "sqlite.h"
#include "hash.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define DB_Cookie          0x0002  /* OP_VerifyCookie opcode has been emiited */
#define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0004  /* The schema has been loaded */
#define DB_UnresetViews    0x0008  /* Some views have defined column names */

/*
** Possible values for the Db.textEnc field.
*/
#define TEXT_Utf8          1
#define TEXT_Utf16le       2
#define TEXT_Utf16be       3
#define TEXT_Utf16         (SQLITE3_BIGENDIAN?TEXT_Utf16be:TEXT_Utf16le)

/*
** Each database is an instance of the following structure.
**
** The sqlite.file_format is initialized by the database file
** and helps determines how the data in the database file is
** represented.  This field allows newer versions of the library

/*
** Internal function prototypes
*/
int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *, const char *);
int sqlite3StrNICmp(const char *, const char *, int);
int sqlite3HashNoCase(const char *, int);
int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, u8);
int sqlite3Compare(const char *, const char *);
int sqlite3SortCompare(const char *, const char *);
void sqlite3RealToSortable(double r, char *);
#ifdef MEMORY_DEBUG
  void *sqlite3Malloc_(int,int,char*,int);
  void sqlite3Free_(void*,char*,int);
  void *sqlite3Realloc_(void*,int,char*,int);

char sqlite3AffinityType(const char *, int);
void sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Index *);
void sqlite3TableAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Table *);
char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
char const *sqlite3AffinityString(char affinity);
int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
int sqlite3atoi64(const char*, i64*, u8);
void sqlite3Error(sqlite *, int, const char*,...);
int sqlite3utfTranslate(const void *, int , u8 , void **, int *, u8);
u8 sqlite3UtfReadBom(const void *zData, int nData);

**
*************************************************************************
** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
** strings, and stuff like that.
**
** $Id: util.c,v 1.88 2004/05/24 07:04:26 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** If malloc() ever fails, this global variable gets set to 1.

** Return TRUE if z is a pure numeric string.  Return FALSE if the
** string contains any character which is not part of a number. If
** the string is numeric and contains the '.' character, set *realnum
** to TRUE (otherwise FALSE).
**
** Am empty string is considered non-numeric.
*/
int sqlite3IsNumber(const char *z, int *realnum, u8 enc){
  int incr = (enc==TEXT_Utf8?1:2);
  if( enc==TEXT_Utf16be ) z++;
  if( *z=='-' || *z=='+' ) z += incr;
  if( !isdigit(*z) ){
    return 0;
  }
  z += incr;
  if( realnum ) *realnum = 0;
  while( isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
  if( *z=='.' ){
    z += incr;
    if( !isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
    while( isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
    if( realnum ) *realnum = 1;
  }
  if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
    z += incr;
    if( *z=='+' || *z=='-' ) z += incr;
    if( !isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
    while( isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
    if( realnum ) *realnum = 1;
  }
  return *z==0;
}

/*
** The string z[] is an ascii representation of a real number.

** then return false.  If n>0 and the integer is string is not
** exactly n bytes long, return false.
**
** When this routine was originally written it dealt with only
** 32-bit numbers.  At that time, it was much faster than the
** atoi() library routine in RedHat 7.2.
*/
int sqlite3atoi64(const char *zNum, i64 *pNum, u8 enc){
  i64 v = 0;
  int neg;
  int i, c;
  int incr = (enc==TEXT_Utf8?1:2);
  if( enc==TEXT_Utf16be ) zNum++;
  if( *zNum=='-' ){
    neg = 1;
    zNum += incr;
  }else if( *zNum=='+' ){
    neg = 0;
    zNum += incr;
  }else{
    neg = 0;
  }
  for(i=0; (c=zNum[i])>='0' && c<='9'; i += incr){
    v = v*10 + c - '0';
  }
  *pNum = neg ? -v : v;

  /* FIX ME: Handle overflow of strings in UTF-16 here */
  return c==0 && i>0 && 
      (i<19 || (i==19 && memcmp(zNum,"9223372036854775807",19)<=0));
}

/*
** The string zNum represents an integer.  There might be some other
** information following the integer too, but that part is ignored.

/*
** If zNum represents an integer that will fit in 64-bits, then set
** *pValue to that integer and return true.  Otherwise return false.
*/
int sqlite3GetInt64(const char *zNum, i64 *pValue){
  if( sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(zNum) ){
    sqlite3atoi64(zNum, pValue, TEXT_Utf8);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* This comparison routine is what we use for comparison operations
** between numeric values in an SQL expression.  "Numeric" is a little

  int result;
  int isNumA, isNumB;
  if( atext==0 ){
    return -1;
  }else if( btext==0 ){
    return 1;
  }
  isNumA = sqlite3IsNumber(atext, 0, TEXT_Utf8);
  isNumB = sqlite3IsNumber(btext, 0, TEXT_Utf8);
  if( isNumA ){
    if( !isNumB ){
      result = -1;
    }else{
      double rA, rB;
      rA = sqlite3AtoF(atext, 0);
      rB = sqlite3AtoF(btext, 0);

      break;
    }
    assert( a[0]==b[0] );
    if( (dir=a[0])=='A' || a[0]=='D' ){
      res = strcmp(&a[1],&b[1]);
      if( res ) break;
    }else{
      isNumA = sqlite3IsNumber(&a[1], 0, TEXT_Utf8);
      isNumB = sqlite3IsNumber(&b[1], 0, TEXT_Utf8);
      if( isNumA ){
        double rA, rB;
        if( !isNumB ){
          res = -1;
          break;
        }
        rA = sqlite3AtoF(&a[1], 0);

**
** Various scripts scan this source file in order to generate HTML
** documentation, headers files, or other derived files.  The formatting
** of the code in this file is, therefore, important.  See other comments
** in this file for details.  If in doubt, do not deviate from existing
** commenting and indentation practices when changing or adding code.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.322 2004/05/24 07:04:27 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/*

** Mem.z points at a MemRecord struct
*/
static int Recordify(Mem *pMem){
  return 0;
}
#endif

/*




















** Release the memory associated with the given stack level.  This
** leaves the Mem.flags field in an inconsistent state.
*/
#define Release(P) if((P)->flags&MEM_Dyn){ sqliteFree((P)->z); }








































/*
** Parmameter "flags" is the value of the flags for a string Mem object.
** Return one of TEXT_Utf8, TEXT_Utf16le or TEXT_Utf16be, depending
** on the encoding indicated by the flags value.
*/
static u8 flagsToEnc(int flags){
  if( flags&MEM_Utf8 ){

}

/*
** Set the encoding flags of memory cell "pMem" to the correct values
** for the database encoding "enc" (one of TEXT_Utf8, TEXT_Utf16le or
** TEXT_Utf16be).
*/
#define SetEncodingFlags(pMem, enc) ((pMem)->flags = \
((pMem->flags & ~(MEM_Utf8|MEM_Utf16le|MEM_Utf16be))) | encToFlags(enc))

/*
** If pMem is a string object, this routine sets the encoding of the string
** (to one of UTF-8 or UTF16) and whether or not the string is
** nul-terminated. If pMem is not a string object, then this routine is
** a no-op.
**

** between formats.
*/
int SetEncoding(Mem *pMem, int flags){
  u8 enc1;    /* Current string encoding (TEXT_Utf* value) */
  u8 enc2;    /* Required string encoding (TEXT_Utf* value) */

  /* If this is not a string, do nothing. */
  if( !(pMem->flags&MEM_Str) ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  enc1 = flagsToEnc(pMem->flags);
  enc2 = flagsToEnc(flags);

  if( enc1!=enc2 ){
    /* If the current encoding does not match the desired encoding, then
    ** we will need to do some translation between encodings.
    */
    char *z;
    int n;
    int rc = sqlite3utfTranslate(pMem->z,pMem->n,enc1,(void **)&z,&n,enc2);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      return rc;
    }

    /* Result of sqlite3utfTranslate is currently always dynamically
    ** allocated and nul terminated. This might be altered as a performance
    ** enhancement later.

    */
    memcpy(&pMem->z[pMem->n], "\0\0", nulTermLen);
    pMem->n += nulTermLen;
    pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Convert the given stack entity into a integer if it isn't one
** already.
**
** Any prior string or real representation is invalidated.  
** NULLs are converted into 0.
*/
#define Integerify(P, enc) \
if(((P)->flags&MEM_Int)==0){ hardIntegerify(P, enc); }
static void hardIntegerify(Mem *pStack, u8 enc){
  pStack->i = 0;
  if( pStack->flags & MEM_Real ){
    pStack->i = (int)pStack->r;
    Release(pStack);
  }else if( pStack->flags & MEM_Str ){
    if( pStack->z ){
      sqlite3atoi64(pStack->z, &pStack->i, enc);
    }
  }
  pStack->flags = MEM_Int;
}

/*
** Get a valid Real representation for the given stack element.
**
** Any prior string or integer representation is retained.
** NULLs are converted into 0.0.
*/
#define Realify(P,enc) if(((P)->flags&MEM_Real)==0){ hardRealify(P,enc); }
static void hardRealify(Mem *pStack, u8 enc){
  if( pStack->flags & MEM_Str ){
    SetEncodingFlags(pStack, enc);
    SetEncoding(pStack, MEM_Utf8|MEM_Term);
    pStack->r = sqlite3AtoF(pStack->z, 0);
  }else if( pStack->flags & MEM_Int ){
    pStack->r = pStack->i;
  }else{
    pStack->r = 0.0;
  }
/*  pStack->flags |= MEM_Real; */
  pStack->flags = MEM_Real;
}


/*
** Convert the given stack entity into a string if it isn't one
** already. Return non-zero if a malloc() fails.
*/
#define Stringify(P, enc) \
(!((P)->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) && hardStringify(P, enc))
static int hardStringify(Mem *pStack, u8 enc){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int fg = pStack->flags;

  assert( !(fg&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) );
  assert( fg&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null) );

  if( fg & MEM_Null ){      
    /* A NULL value is converted to a zero length string */
    pStack->zShort[0] = 0;
    pStack->zShort[1] = 0;
    pStack->flags = MEM_Str | MEM_Short | MEM_Term;
    pStack->z = pStack->zShort;
    pStack->n = (enc==TEXT_Utf8?1:2);
  }else{
    /* For a Real or Integer, use sqlite3_snprintf() to produce the UTF-8
    ** string representation of the value. Then, if the required encoding
    ** is UTF-16le or UTF-16be do a translation.
    ** 
    ** FIX ME: It would be better if sqlite3_snprintf() could do UTF-16.
    */
    if( fg & MEM_Real ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(NBFS, pStack->zShort, "%.15g", pStack->r);
    }else if( fg & MEM_Int ){
      sqlite3_snprintf(NBFS, pStack->zShort, "%lld", pStack->i);
    }
    pStack->n = strlen(pStack->zShort) + 1;
    pStack->z = pStack->zShort;
    pStack->flags = MEM_Str | MEM_Short | MEM_Term;

    /* Flip the string to UTF-16 if required */
    SetEncodingFlags(pStack, TEXT_Utf8);
    rc = SetEncoding(pStack, encToFlags(enc)|MEM_Term);
  }

  return rc;
}


/*
** Convert the given stack entity into a string that has been obtained
** from sqliteMalloc().  This is different from Stringify() above in that
** Stringify() will use the NBFS bytes of static string space if the string
** will fit but this routine always mallocs for space.
** Return non-zero if we run out of memory.
*/
#define Dynamicify(P, enc) \
(((P)->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 ? hardDynamicify(P, enc):0)
static int hardDynamicify(Mem *pStack, u8 enc){
  int fg = pStack->flags;
  char *z;
  if( (fg & MEM_Str)==0 ){
    hardStringify(pStack, enc);
  }
  assert( (fg & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  z = sqliteMallocRaw( pStack->n );
  if( z==0 ) return 1;
  memcpy(z, pStack->z, pStack->n);
  pStack->z = z;
  pStack->flags |= MEM_Dyn;
  return 0;
}

/*
** An ephemeral string value (signified by the MEM_Ephem flag) contains
** a pointer to a dynamically allocated string where some other entity
** is responsible for deallocating that string.  Because the stack entry
** does not control the string, it might be deleted without the stack
** entry knowing it.
**
** This routine converts an ephemeral string into a dynamically allocated
** string that the stack entry itself controls.  In other words, it
** converts an MEM_Ephem string into an MEM_Dyn string.
*/
#define Deephemeralize(P) \
   if( ((P)->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 && hardDeephem(P) ){ goto no_mem;}
static int hardDeephem(Mem *pStack){
  char *z;
  assert( (pStack->flags & MEM_Ephem)!=0 );
  z = sqliteMallocRaw( pStack->n );
  if( z==0 ) return 1;
  memcpy(z, pStack->z, pStack->n);
  pStack->z = z;
  pStack->flags &= ~MEM_Ephem;
  pStack->flags |= MEM_Dyn;
  return 0;
}

/*
** Advance the virtual machine to the next output row.
**
** The return vale will be either SQLITE_BUSY, SQLITE_DONE, 
** SQLITE_ROW, SQLITE_ERROR, or SQLITE_MISUSE.
**

  vals = sqlite3_data_count(pStmt);
  if( i>=vals || i<0 ){
    sqlite3Error(pVm->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
    return 0;
  }

  pVal = &pVm->pTos[(1-vals)+i];

  return sqlite3_value_data((sqlite3_value *)pVal);
}

/*
** pVal is a Mem* cast to an sqlite_value* value. Return a pointer to
** the nul terminated UTF-8 string representation if the value is 
** not a blob or NULL. If the value is a blob, then just return a pointer
** to the blob of data. If it is a NULL, return a NULL pointer.
**
** This function may translate the encoding of the string stored by
** pVal. The MEM_Utf8, MEM_Utf16le and MEM_Utf16be flags must be set
** correctly when this function is called. If a translation occurs,
** the flags are set to reflect the new encoding of the string.
**
** If a translation fails because of a malloc() failure, a NULL pointer
** is returned.
*/
const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_data(sqlite3_value* pVal){
  if( pVal->flags&MEM_Null ){
    /* For a NULL return a NULL Pointer */
    return 0;
  }









  if( pVal->flags&MEM_Str ){
    /* If there is already a string representation, make sure it is in
    ** encoded in UTF-8.
    */
    SetEncoding(pVal, MEM_Utf8|MEM_Term);
  }else if( !(pVal->flags&MEM_Blob) ){
    /* Otherwise, unless this is a blob, convert it to a UTF-8 string */
    Stringify(pVal, TEXT_Utf8);
  }

  return pVal->z;
}

/*
** Return the value of the 'i'th column of the current row of the currently
** executing statement pStmt.
*/
const void *sqlite3_column_data16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
  int vals;
  Vdbe *pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  Mem *pVal;

  vals = sqlite3_data_count(pStmt);
  if( i>=vals || i<0 ){
    sqlite3Error(pVm->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
    return 0;
  }

  pVal = &pVm->pTos[(1-vals)+i];
  return sqlite3_value_data16((sqlite3_value *)pVal);
}

/*
** pVal is a Mem* cast to an sqlite_value* value. Return a pointer to
** the nul terminated UTF-16 string representation if the value is 
** not a blob or NULL. If the value is a blob, then just return a pointer
** to the blob of data. If it is a NULL, return a NULL pointer.
**
** The byte-order of the returned string data is the machines native byte
** order.
**
** This function may translate the encoding of the string stored by
** pVal. The MEM_Utf8, MEM_Utf16le and MEM_Utf16be flags must be set
** correctly when this function is called. If a translation occurs,
** the flags are set to reflect the new encoding of the string.
**
** If a translation fails because of a malloc() failure, a NULL pointer
** is returned.
*/
const void *sqlite3_value_data16(sqlite3_value* pVal){
  if( pVal->flags&MEM_Null ){
    /* For a NULL return a NULL Pointer */
    return 0;
  }

  if( pVal->flags&MEM_Str ){
    /* If there is already a string representation, make sure it is in
    ** encoded in UTF-16 machine byte order.
    */
    SetEncoding(pVal, encToFlags(TEXT_Utf16)|MEM_Term);
  }else if( !(pVal->flags&MEM_Blob) ){
    /* Otherwise, unless this is a blob, convert it to a UTF-16 string */
    Stringify(pVal, TEXT_Utf16);




  }

  return (const void *)(pVal->z);

}

/*
** Return the number of bytes of data that will be returned by the
** equivalent sqlite3_column_data() call.
*/
int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){

  vals = sqlite3_data_count(pStmt);
  if( i>=vals || i<0 ){
    sqlite3Error(pVm->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
    return 0;
  }

  pVal = &pVm->pTos[(1-vals)+i];
  Integerify(pVal, pVm->db->enc);
  return pVal->i;
}

/*
** Return the value of the 'i'th column of the current row of the currently
** executing statement pStmt.
*/
double sqlite3_column_float(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
  int vals;
  Vdbe *pVm = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  Mem *pVal;

  vals = sqlite3_data_count(pStmt);
  if( i>=vals || i<0 ){
    sqlite3Error(pVm->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
    return 0;
  }

  pVal = &pVm->pTos[(1-vals)+i];
  Realify(pVal, pVm->db->enc);
  return pVal->r;
}

/*
** Return the name of the Nth column of the result set returned by SQL
** statement pStmt.
*/

/*
** Return the column declaration type (if applicable) of the 'i'th column
** of the result set of SQL statement pStmt, encoded as UTF-16.
*/
const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i){
  return columnName16(pStmt, i, 1);
}

/*
** Unbind the value bound to variable $i in virtual machine p. This is the 
** the same as binding a NULL value to the column. If the "i" parameter is
** out of range, then SQLITE_RANGE is returned. Othewise SQLITE_OK.
**
** The error code stored in database p->db is overwritten with the return
** value in any case.
*/
static int vdbeUnbind(Vdbe *p, int i){
  Mem *pVar;
  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN || p->pc!=0 ){
    sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_MISUSE, 0);
    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  }
  if( i<1 || i>p->nVar ){
    sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_RANGE, 0);
    return SQLITE_RANGE;
  }
  i--;
  pVar = &p->apVar[i];
  if( pVar->flags&MEM_Dyn ){
    sqliteFree(pVar->z);
  }
  pVar->flags = MEM_Null;
  sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_OK, 0);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** This routine is used to bind text or blob data to an SQL variable (a ?).
** It may also be used to bind a NULL value, by setting zVal to 0. Any
** existing value is unbound.
**
** The error code stored in p->db is overwritten with the return value in
** all cases.
*/
static int vdbeBindBlob(
  Vdbe *p,           /* Virtual machine */
  int i,             /* Var number to bind (numbered from 1 upward) */
  const char *zVal,  /* Pointer to blob of data */
  int bytes,         /* Number of bytes to copy */
  int copy,          /* True to copy the memory, false to copy a pointer */
  int flags          /* Valid combination of MEM_Blob, MEM_Str, MEM_Term */
){
  Mem *pVar;
  int rc;

  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    return rc;
  }
  pVar = &p->apVar[i-1];

  if( zVal ){
    pVar->n = bytes;
    pVar->flags = flags;
    if( !copy ){
      pVar->z = (char *)zVal;
      pVar->flags |= MEM_Static;
    }else{
      if( bytes>NBFS ){
        pVar->z = (char *)sqliteMalloc(bytes);
        if( !pVar->z ){
          sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_NOMEM, 0);
          return SQLITE_NOMEM;
        }
        pVar->flags |= MEM_Dyn;
      }else{
        pVar->z = pVar->zShort;
        pVar->flags |= MEM_Short;
      }
      memcpy(pVar->z, zVal, bytes);
    }
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Bind a 64 bit integer to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt *p, int i, long long int iValue){
  int rc;
  Vdbe *v = (Vdbe *)p;
  rc = vdbeUnbind(v, i);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    Mem *pVar = &v->apVar[i-1];
    pVar->flags = MEM_Int;
    pVar->i = iValue;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Bind a 32 bit integer to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_int32(sqlite3_stmt *p, int i, int iValue){
  return sqlite3_bind_int64(p, i, (long long int)iValue);
}

/*
** Bind a double (real) to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt *p, int i, double iValue){
  int rc;
  Vdbe *v = (Vdbe *)p;
  rc = vdbeUnbind(v, i);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    Mem *pVar = &v->apVar[i-1];
    pVar->flags = MEM_Real;
    pVar->r = iValue;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Bind a NULL value to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt* p, int i){
  return vdbeUnbind((Vdbe *)p, i);
}

/*
** Bind a UTF-8 text value to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_text( 
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const char *zData, 
  int nData, 
  int eCopy
){
  Mem *pVar;
  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  u8 db_enc = p->db->enc;            /* Text encoding of the database */

  /* Unbind any previous variable value */
  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pVar = &p->apVar[i-1];

    if( !zData ){
      /* If zData is NULL, then bind an SQL NULL value */
      pVar->flags = MEM_Null;
    }else{
      if( zData && nData<0 ){
        nData = strlen(zData) + 1;
      }
      pVar->z = (char *)zData;
      pVar->n = nData;
      pVar->flags = MEM_Utf8|MEM_Str|(zData[nData-1]?0:MEM_Term);
      if( !eCopy || db_enc!=TEXT_Utf8 ){
        pVar->flags |= MEM_Static;
        rc = SetEncoding(pVar, encToFlags(db_enc)|MEM_Term);
      }else{
        pVar->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
        Deephemeralize(pVar);
      }
    }
  }

  sqlite3Error(p->db, rc, 0);
  return rc;

no_mem:
  sqlite3Error(p->db, SQLITE_NOMEM, 0);
  return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}

/*
** Bind a UTF-16 text value to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_text16(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const void *zData, 
  int nData, 
  int eCopy
){
  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  Mem *pVar;
  u8 db_enc = p->db->enc;            /* Text encoding of the database */
  u8 txt_enc;
  int null_term = 0;
  int rc;

  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    return rc;
  }
  pVar = &p->apVar[i-1];

  /* If zData is NULL, then bind an SQL NULL value */
  if( !zData ){
    pVar->flags = MEM_Null;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  if( db_enc==TEXT_Utf8 ){
    /* If the database encoding is UTF-8, then do a translation. */
    pVar->z = sqlite3utf16to8(zData, nData, SQLITE3_BIGENDIAN);
    if( !pVar->z ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    pVar->n = strlen(pVar->z)+1;
    pVar->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term|MEM_Dyn;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
 
  /* There may or may not be a byte order mark at the start of the UTF-16.
  ** Either way set 'txt_enc' to the TEXT_Utf16* value indicating the 
  ** actual byte order used by this string. If the string does happen
  ** to contain a BOM, then move zData so that it points to the first
  ** byte after the BOM.
  */
  txt_enc = sqlite3UtfReadBom(zData, nData);
  if( txt_enc ){
    zData = (void *)(((u8 *)zData) + 2);
  }else{
    txt_enc = SQLITE3_BIGENDIAN?TEXT_Utf16be:TEXT_Utf16le;
  }

  if( nData<0 ){
    nData = sqlite3utf16ByteLen(zData, -1) + 2;
    null_term = 1;
  }else if( nData>1 && !((u8*)zData)[nData-1] && !((u8*)zData)[nData-2] ){
    null_term = 1;
  }

  if( db_enc==txt_enc && !eCopy ){
    /* If the byte order of the string matches the byte order of the
    ** database and the eCopy parameter is not set, then the string can
    ** be used without making a copy.
    */
    pVar->z = (char *)zData;
    pVar->n = nData;
    pVar->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|(null_term?MEM_Term:0);
  }else{
    /* Make a copy. Swap the byte order if required */
    pVar->n = nData + (null_term?0:2);
    pVar->z = sqliteMalloc(pVar->n);
    pVar->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Term;
    if( db_enc==txt_enc ){
      memcpy(pVar->z, zData, nData);
    }else{
      swab(zData, pVar->z, nData);
    }
    pVar->z[pVar->n-1] = '\0';
    pVar->z[pVar->n-2] = '\0';
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Bind a blob value to an SQL statement variable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_blob(
  sqlite3_stmt *p, 
  int i, 
  const void *zData, 
  int nData, 
  int eCopy
){
  return vdbeBindBlob((Vdbe *)p, i, zData, nData, eCopy, MEM_Blob);
}


/*
** Insert a new aggregate element and make it the element that
** has focus.
**
** Return 0 on success and 1 if memory is exhausted.
*/

  if( pElem==0 ){
    AggInsert(p,"",1);
    pElem = sqliteHashFirst(&p->hash);
  }
  return pElem ? sqliteHashData(pElem) : 0;
}


























/*
** Pop the stack N times.
*/
static void popStack(Mem **ppTos, int N){
  Mem *pTos = *ppTos;
  while( N>0 ){
    N--;

**
** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC
** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** SQLITE_AFF_NONE
** SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER
**
*/
static void applyAffinity(Mem *pRec, char affinity, u8 enc){
  switch( affinity ){
    case SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER:
    case SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC:
      if( 0==(pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
        /* pRec does not have a valid integer or real representation. 
        ** Attempt a conversion if pRec has a string representation and
        ** it looks like a number.
        */
        int realnum;
        if( pRec->flags&MEM_Str && sqlite3IsNumber(pRec->z, &realnum, enc) ){
          if( realnum ){
            Realify(pRec, enc);
          }else{
            Integerify(pRec, enc);
          }
        }
      }

      if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER ){
        /* For INTEGER affinity, try to convert a real value to an int */
        if( pRec->flags&MEM_Real ){

    case SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
      /* Only attempt the conversion if there is an integer or real
      ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
      ** representation.
      */
      if( 0==(pRec->flags&MEM_Str) && (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
        Stringify(pRec, enc);
      }
      pRec->flags &= ~(MEM_Real|MEM_Int);

      break;

    case SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
      /* Affinity NONE. Do nothing. */

      zBuf[1] = 's';
    }
    k = 2;
    k += sprintf(&zBuf[k], "%d", pMem->n);
    zBuf[k++] = '[';
    for(j=0; j<15 && j<pMem->n; j++){
      u8 c = pMem->z[j];

/*
      if( c==0 && j==pMem->n-1 ) break;
            zBuf[k++] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[c>>4];
            zBuf[k++] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[c&0xf];
*/
      if( c>=0x20 && c<0x7f ){
        zBuf[k++] = c;
      }else{
        zBuf[k++] = '.';

  pTos->flags = 0;
 
  /* If this is an OP_Real or OP_Integer opcode, set the pTos->r or pTos->i
  ** values respectively.
  */
  if( op==OP_Real ){
    assert( z );
    assert( sqlite3IsNumber(z, 0, TEXT_Utf8) );
    pTos->r = sqlite3AtoF(z, 0);
    pTos->flags = MEM_Real;
  }else if( op==OP_Integer ){
    pTos->flags = MEM_Int;
    pTos->i = pOp->p1;
    if( pTos->i==0 && pOp->p3 ){
      sqlite3GetInt64(pOp->p3, &pTos->i);

/* Opcode: Callback P1 * *
**
** Pop P1 values off the stack and form them into an array.  Then
** invoke the callback function using the newly formed array as the
** 3rd parameter.
*/
case OP_Callback: {
#if 0
  int i;
  char **azArgv = p->zArgv;
  Mem *pCol;

  pCol = &pTos[1-pOp->p1];
  assert( pCol>=p->aStack );
  for(i=0; i<pOp->p1; i++, pCol++){
    if( pCol->flags & MEM_Null ){
      azArgv[i] = 0;
    }else{
      Stringify(pCol, db->enc);
      azArgv[i] = pCol->z;
    }
  }


  azArgv[i] = 0;
  p->azResColumn = azArgv;
#endif

  int i;
  assert( p->nResColumn==pOp->p1 );

  for(i=0; i<pOp->p1; i++){
    Mem *pVal = &pTos[0-i];
    SetEncodingFlags(pVal, db->enc);
  }

  p->resOnStack = 1;
  p->nCallback++;
  p->popStack = pOp->p1;
  p->pc = pc + 1;
  p->pTos = pTos;
  return SQLITE_ROW;
}

/* Opcode: Concat P1 P2 P3

** from sqliteMalloc().
*/
case OP_Concat: {
  char *zNew;
  int nByte;
  int nField;
  int i, j;


  Mem *pTerm;
  Mem zSep; /* Memory cell containing the seperator string, if any */
  int termLen;  /* Bytes in the terminator character for this encoding */

  termLen = (db->enc==TEXT_Utf8?1:2);

  /* FIX ME: Eventually, P3 will be in database native encoding. But for
  ** now it is always UTF-8. So set up zSep to hold the native encoding of
  ** P3.
  */
  if( pOp->p3 ){
    zSep.z = pOp->p3;

    zSep.n = strlen(zSep.z)+1;
    zSep.flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Utf8|MEM_Term;
    SetEncoding(&zSep, encToFlags(db->enc)|MEM_Term);
  }else{
    zSep.flags = MEM_Null;
    zSep.n = 0;
  }

  /* Loop through the stack elements to see how long the result will be. */
  nField = pOp->p1;
  pTerm = &pTos[1-nField];
  nByte = termLen + (nField-1)*(zSep.n - ((zSep.flags&MEM_Term)?termLen:0));
  for(i=0; i<nField; i++, pTerm++){
    assert( pOp->p2==0 || (pTerm->flags&MEM_Str) );
    if( pTerm->flags&MEM_Null ){
      nByte = -1;
      break;

    }
    Stringify(pTerm, db->enc);
    nByte += (pTerm->n - ((pTerm->flags&MEM_Term)?termLen:0));
  }

  if( nByte<0 ){
    /* If nByte is less than zero, then there is a NULL value on the stack.
    ** In this case just pop the values off the stack (if required) and
    ** push on a NULL.
    */
    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
      popStack(&pTos, nField);
    }
    pTos++;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Null;

  }else{
    /* Otherwise malloc() space for the result and concatenate all the
    ** stack values.
    */
    zNew = sqliteMallocRaw( nByte );
    if( zNew==0 ) goto no_mem;
    j = 0;
    pTerm = &pTos[1-nField];
    for(i=j=0; i<nField; i++, pTerm++){
      int n = pTerm->n-((pTerm->flags&MEM_Term)?termLen:0);
      assert( pTerm->flags & MEM_Str );
      memcpy(&zNew[j], pTerm->z, n);
      j += n;
      if( i<nField-1 && !(zSep.flags|MEM_Null) ){
        n = zSep.n-((zSep.flags&MEM_Term)?termLen:0);
        memcpy(&zNew[j], zSep.z, n);
        j += n;
      }
    }
    zNew[j++] = 0;
    if( termLen==2 ){
      zNew[j++] = 0;
    }
    assert( j==nByte );

    if( pOp->p2==0 ){
      popStack(&pTos, nField);
    }
    pTos++;
    pTos->n = nByte;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Term|encToFlags(db->enc);
    pTos->z = zNew;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Add * * *
**
** Pop the top two elements from the stack, add them together,
** and push the result back onto the stack.  If either element

    Release(pTos);
    pTos--;
    Release(pTos);
    pTos->i = b;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Int;
  }else{
    double a, b;
    Realify(pTos, db->enc);
    Realify(pNos, db->enc);
    a = pTos->r;
    b = pNos->r;
    switch( pOp->opcode ){
      case OP_Add:         b += a;       break;
      case OP_Subtract:    b -= a;       break;
      case OP_Multiply:    b *= a;       break;
      case OP_Divide: {

  n = pOp->p1;
  pArg = &pTos[1-n];
  azArgv = p->zArgv;
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pArg++){
    if( pArg->flags & MEM_Null ){
      azArgv[i] = 0;
    }else if( !(pArg->flags&MEM_Str) ){
      Stringify(pArg, TEXT_Utf8);
      azArgv[i] = pArg->z;
    }else{
      SetEncodingFlags(pArg, db->enc);
      SetEncoding(pArg, MEM_Utf8|MEM_Term);
      azArgv[i] = pArg->z;
    }
  }
  ctx.pFunc = (FuncDef*)pOp->p3;
  ctx.s.flags = MEM_Null;
  ctx.s.z = 0;
  ctx.isError = 0;

    pTos->z = pTos->zShort;
  }
  if( ctx.isError ){
    sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, 
       (pTos->flags & MEM_Str)!=0 ? pTos->z : "user function error", (char*)0);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  if( pTos->flags&MEM_Str ){
    SetEncodingFlags(pTos, TEXT_Utf8);
    SetEncoding(pTos, encToFlags(db->enc)|MEM_Term);
  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: BitAnd * * *
**
** Pop the top two elements from the stack.  Convert both elements
** to integers.  Push back onto the stack the bit-wise AND of the

  assert( pNos>=p->aStack );
  if( (pTos->flags | pNos->flags) & MEM_Null ){
    popStack(&pTos, 2);
    pTos++;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Null;
    break;
  }
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  Integerify(pNos, db->enc);
  a = pTos->i;
  b = pNos->i;
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
    case OP_BitAnd:      a &= b;     break;
    case OP_BitOr:       a |= b;     break;
    case OP_ShiftLeft:   a <<= b;    break;
    case OP_ShiftRight:  a >>= b;    break;
    default:   /* CANT HAPPEN */     break;
  }
  /* FIX ME: Because constant P3 values sometimes need to be translated,
  ** the following assert() can fail. When P3 is always in the native text
  ** encoding, this assert() will be valid again. Until then, the Release()
  ** is neeed instead.
  assert( (pTos->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  assert( (pNos->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  */
  Release(pTos);
  pTos--;
  Release(pTos);
  pTos->i = a;
  pTos->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: AddImm  P1 * *
** 
** Add the value P1 to whatever is on top of the stack.  The result
** is always an integer.
**
** To force the top of the stack to be an integer, just add 0.
*/
case OP_AddImm: {
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  pTos->i += pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ForceInt P1 P2 *
**
** Convert the top of the stack into an integer.  If the current top of
** the stack is not numeric (meaning that is is a NULL or a string that
** does not look like an integer or floating point number) then pop the
** stack and jump to P2.  If the top of the stack is numeric then
** convert it into the least integer that is greater than or equal to its
** current value if P1==0, or to the least integer that is strictly
** greater than its current value if P1==1.
*/
case OP_ForceInt: {
  int v;
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  if( (pTos->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 && ((pTos->flags & MEM_Str)==0 
      || sqlite3IsNumber(pTos->z, 0, db->enc)==0) ){
    Release(pTos);
    pTos--;
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
    break;
  }
  if( pTos->flags & MEM_Int ){
    v = pTos->i + (pOp->p1!=0);
  }else{
    Realify(pTos, db->enc);
    v = (int)pTos->r;
    if( pTos->r>(double)v ) v++;
    if( pOp->p1 && pTos->r==(double)v ) v++;
  }
  Release(pTos);
  pTos->i = v;
  pTos->flags = MEM_Int;

    double r = (double)i;
    if( r!=pTos->r ){
      goto mismatch;
    }
    pTos->i = i;
  }else if( pTos->flags & MEM_Str ){
    i64 v;
    if( !sqlite3atoi64(pTos->z, &v, db->enc) ){
      double r;
      if( !sqlite3IsNumber(pTos->z, 0, db->enc) ){
        goto mismatch;
      }
      Realify(pTos, db->enc);
      v = (int)pTos->r;
      r = (double)v;
      if( r!=pTos->r ){
        goto mismatch;
      }
    }
    pTos->i = v;

      pTos->flags = MEM_Null;
    }
    break;
  }

  affinity = (pOp->p1>>8)&0xFF;
  if( affinity=='\0' ) affinity = 'n';
  applyAffinity(pNos, affinity, db->enc);
  applyAffinity(pTos, affinity, db->enc);

  assert( pOp->p3type==P3_COLLSEQ || pOp->p3==0 );
  res = sqlite3MemCompare(pNos, pTos, (CollSeq*)pOp->p3);
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
    case OP_Eq:    res = res==0;     break;
    case OP_Ne:    res = res!=0;     break;
    case OP_Lt:    res = res<0;      break;

  Mem *pNos = &pTos[-1];
  int v1, v2;    /* 0==TRUE, 1==FALSE, 2==UNKNOWN or NULL */

  assert( pNos>=p->aStack );
  if( pTos->flags & MEM_Null ){
    v1 = 2;
  }else{
    Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
    v1 = pTos->i==0;
  }
  if( pNos->flags & MEM_Null ){
    v2 = 2;
  }else{
    Integerify(pNos, db->enc);
    v2 = pNos->i==0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_And ){
    static const unsigned char and_logic[] = { 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
    v1 = and_logic[v1*3+v2];
  }else{
    static const unsigned char or_logic[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2 };

    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Negative || pTos->i<0 ){
      pTos->i = -pTos->i;
    }
    pTos->flags = MEM_Int;
  }else if( pTos->flags & MEM_Null ){
    /* Do nothing */
  }else{
    Realify(pTos, db->enc);
    Release(pTos);
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Negative || pTos->r<0.0 ){
      pTos->r = -pTos->r;
    }
    pTos->flags = MEM_Real;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Not * * *
**
** Interpret the top of the stack as a boolean value.  Replace it
** with its complement.  If the top of the stack is NULL its value
** is unchanged.
*/
case OP_Not: {
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  if( pTos->flags & MEM_Null ) break;  /* Do nothing to NULLs */
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  Release(pTos);
  pTos->i = !pTos->i;
  pTos->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: BitNot * * *
**
** Interpret the top of the stack as an value.  Replace it
** with its ones-complement.  If the top of the stack is NULL its
** value is unchanged.
*/
case OP_BitNot: {
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  if( pTos->flags & MEM_Null ) break;  /* Do nothing to NULLs */
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  Release(pTos);
  pTos->i = ~pTos->i;
  pTos->flags = MEM_Int;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Noop * * *

case OP_If:
case OP_IfNot: {
  int c;
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  if( pTos->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p1;
  }else{
    Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
    c = pTos->i;
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNot ) c = !c;
  }
  /* FIX ME: Because constant P3 values sometimes need to be translated,
  ** the following assert() can fail. When P3 is always in the native text
  ** encoding, this assert() will be valid again. Until then, the Release()
  ** is neeed instead.
  assert( (pTos->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 ); 
  */
  Release(pTos);
  pTos--;
  if( c ) pc = pOp->p2-1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 *
**

case OP_Class: {
  int flags = pTos->flags;
  int i;

  struct {
    int mask;
    char * zClass;
    char * zClass16;
  } classes[] = {
    {MEM_Null, "NULL", "\0N\0U\0L\0L\0\0\0"},
    {MEM_Int, "INTEGER", "\0I\0N\0T\0E\0G\0E\0R\0\0\0"},
    {MEM_Real, "REAL", "\0R\0E\0A\0L\0\0\0"},
    {MEM_Str, "TEXT", "\0T\0E\0X\0T\0\0\0"},
    {MEM_Blob, "BLOB", "\0B\0L\0O\0B\0\0\0"}
  };

  Release(pTos);
  pTos->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Static|MEM_Term;

  for(i=0; i<5; i++){
    if( classes[i].mask&flags ){
      switch( db->enc ){
        case TEXT_Utf8: 
          pTos->z = classes[i].zClass;
          break;
        case TEXT_Utf16be: 
          pTos->z = classes[i].zClass16;
          break;
        case TEXT_Utf16le: 
          pTos->z = &(classes[i].zClass16[1]);
          break;
        default:
          assert(0);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  assert( i<5 );

  if( db->enc==TEXT_Utf8 ){
    pTos->n = strlen(pTos->z) + 1;
  }else{
    pTos->n = sqlite3utf16ByteLen(pTos->z, -1) + 2;
  }

  break;
}

/* Opcode: SetNumColumns P1 P2 *
**
** Before the OP_Column opcode can be executed on a cursor, this
** opcode must be called to set the number of fields in the table.

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
  */
  for(pRec=pData0; pRec<=pTos; pRec++){
    u64 serial_type;
    if( zAffinity ){
      applyAffinity(pRec, zAffinity[pRec-pData0], db->enc);
    }
    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec);
    nBytes += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
    nBytes += sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
  }

  if( nBytes>MAX_BYTES_PER_ROW ){

  **
  ** TODO: Figure out if the in-place coercion causes a problem for
  ** OP_MakeKey when P2 is 0 (used by DISTINCT).
  */
  for(pRec=pData0; pRec<=pTos; pRec++){
    u64 serial_type;
    if( zAffinity ){
      applyAffinity(pRec, zAffinity[pRec-pData0], db->enc);
    }
    if( pRec->flags&MEM_Null ){
      containsNull = 1;
    }
    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec);
    nByte += sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
    nByte += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
  }

  /* If we have to append a varint rowid to this record, set 'rowid'
  ** to the value of the rowid and increase nByte by the amount of space
  ** required to store it and the 0x00 seperator byte.
  */
  if( addRowid ){
    pRec = &pTos[0-nField];
    assert( pRec>=p->aStack );
    Integerify(pRec, db->enc);
    rowid = pRec->i;
    nByte += sqlite3VarintLen(rowid);
    nByte++;
  }
  
  if( nByte>MAX_BYTES_PER_ROW ){
    rc = SQLITE_TOOBIG;

** A transaction must be started before executing this opcode.
*/
case OP_SetCookie: {
  assert( pOp->p2<SQLITE_N_BTREE_META );
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
  assert( db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt!=0 );
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  /* See note about index shifting on OP_ReadCookie */
  rc = sqlite3BtreeUpdateMeta(db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt, 1+pOp->p2, (int)pTos->i);
  Release(pTos);
  pTos--;
  break;
}

  int p2 = pOp->p2;
  int wrFlag;
  Btree *pX;
  int iDb;
  Cursor *pCur;
  
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  iDb = pTos->i;
  pTos--;
  assert( iDb>=0 && iDb<db->nDb );
  pX = db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
  assert( pX!=0 );
  wrFlag = pOp->opcode==OP_OpenWrite;
  if( p2<=0 ){
    assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
    Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
    p2 = pTos->i;
    pTos--;
    if( p2<2 ){
      sqlite3SetString(&p->zErrMsg, "root page number less than 2", (char*)0);
      rc = SQLITE_INTERNAL;
      break;
    }

    int res, oc;
    oc = pOp->opcode;
    pC->nullRow = 0;
    *pC->pIncrKey = oc==OP_MoveGt || oc==OP_MoveLe;
    if( pC->intKey ){
      i64 iKey;
      assert( !pOp->p3 );
      Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
      iKey = intToKey(pTos->i);
      if( pOp->p2==0 && pOp->opcode==OP_MoveGe ){
        pC->movetoTarget = iKey;
        pC->deferredMoveto = 1;
        Release(pTos);
        pTos--;
        break;
      }
      sqlite3BtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)iKey, &res);
      pC->lastRecno = pTos->i;
      pC->recnoIsValid = res==0;
    }else{
      Stringify(pTos, db->enc);
      sqlite3BtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, pTos->z, pTos->n, &res);
      pC->recnoIsValid = 0;
    }
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheValid = 0;
    *pC->pIncrKey = 0;
    sqlite3_search_count++;

  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  if( (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res, rx;
    assert( pC->intKey==0 );
    Stringify(pTos, db->enc);
    rx = sqlite3BtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, pTos->z, pTos->n, &res);
    alreadyExists = rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0;
    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
    pC->cacheValid = 0;
  }
  if( pOp->opcode==OP_Found ){
    if( alreadyExists ) pc = pOp->p2 - 1;

  Cursor *pCx;
  BtCursor *pCrsr;
  i64 R;

  /* Pop the value R off the top of the stack
  */
  assert( pNos>=p->aStack );
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  R = pTos->i;
  pTos--;
  assert( i>=0 && i<=p->nCursor );
  pCx = p->apCsr[i];
  pCrsr = pCx->pCursor;
  if( pCrsr!=0 ){
    int res, rc;
    i64 v;         /* The record number on the P1 entry that matches K */
    char *zKey;    /* The value of K */
    int nKey;      /* Number of bytes in K */
    int len;       /* Number of bytes in K without the rowid at the end */

    /* Make sure K is a string and make zKey point to K
    */
    Stringify(pNos, db->enc);
    zKey = pNos->z;
    nKey = pNos->n;

    assert( nKey >= 2 );
    len = nKey-2;
    while( zKey[len] && --len );

  assert( pNos>=p->aStack );
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  if( ((pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 || pC->pseudoTable) ){
    char *zKey;
    i64 nKey; 
    i64 iKey;
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_PutStrKey ){
      Stringify(pNos, db->enc);
      nKey = pNos->n;
      zKey = pNos->z;
    }else{
      assert( pNos->flags & MEM_Int );

      /* If the table is an INTKEY table, set nKey to the value of
      ** the integer key, and zKey to NULL. Otherwise, set nKey to

  Cursor *pC;

  assert( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor );
  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  if( (pCrsr = (pC = p->apCsr[i])->pCursor)!=0 ){
    int res, rc;
 
    Stringify(pTos, db->enc);
    assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
    *pC->pIncrKey = pOp->p3!=0;
    assert( pOp->p3==0 || pOp->opcode!=OP_IdxGT );
    rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(pC, pTos->n, pTos->z, &res);
    *pC->pIncrKey = 0;
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      break;

  popStack(&pTos, nRoot);
  pTos++;
  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p2].pBt, aRoot, nRoot);
  if( z==0 || z[0]==0 ){
    if( z ) sqliteFree(z);
    pTos->z = "ok";
    pTos->n = 3;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Str | MEM_Static;
  }else{
    pTos->z = z;
    pTos->n = strlen(z) + 1;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Str | MEM_Dyn;
  }
  if( db->enc!=TEXT_Utf8 ){
    SetEncodingFlags(pTos, TEXT_Utf8);
    SetEncoding(pTos, encToFlags(db->enc)|MEM_Term);
  }
  sqliteFree(aRoot);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ListWrite * * *
**

    if( pKeylist==0 ) goto no_mem;
    pKeylist->nKey = 1000;
    pKeylist->nRead = 0;
    pKeylist->nUsed = 0;
    pKeylist->pNext = p->pList;
    p->pList = pKeylist;
  }
  Integerify(pTos, db->enc);
  pKeylist->aKey[pKeylist->nUsed++] = pTos->i;
  Release(pTos);
  pTos--;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: ListRewind * * *

** and put them on the sorter.  The key and data should have been
** made using SortMakeKey and SortMakeRec, respectively.
*/
case OP_SortPut: {
  Mem *pNos = &pTos[-1];
  Sorter *pSorter;
  assert( pNos>=p->aStack );
  if( Dynamicify(pTos, db->enc) || Dynamicify(pNos, db->enc) ) goto no_mem;
  pSorter = sqliteMallocRaw( sizeof(Sorter) );
  if( pSorter==0 ) goto no_mem;
  pSorter->pNext = p->pSort;
  p->pSort = pSorter;
  assert( pTos->flags & MEM_Dyn );
  pSorter->nKey = pTos->n;
  pSorter->zKey = pTos->z;

    z = 0;
  }
  pTos++;
  if( z ){
    pTos->n = strlen(z) + 1;
    pTos->z = z;
    pTos->flags = MEM_Utf8 | MEM_Str | MEM_Ephem | MEM_Term;
    SetEncoding(pTos, encToFlags(db->enc)|MEM_Term);
  }else{
    pTos->flags = MEM_Null;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MemStore P1 P2 *

  assert( pTos->flags==MEM_Int );
  pRec = &pTos[-n];
  assert( pRec>=p->aStack );
  for(i=0; i<n; i++, pRec++){
    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Null ){
      azArgv[i] = 0;
    }else{
      Stringify(pRec, db->enc);
      SetEncodingFlags(pRec, db->enc);
      SetEncoding(pRec, MEM_Utf8|MEM_Term);
      azArgv[i] = pRec->z;
    }
  }
  i = pTos->i;
  assert( i>=0 && i<p->agg.nMem );
  ctx.pFunc = (FuncDef*)pOp->p3;
  pMem = &p->agg.pCurrent->aMem[i];

*/
case OP_AggFocus: {
  AggElem *pElem;
  char *zKey;
  int nKey;

  assert( pTos>=p->aStack );
  Stringify(pTos, db->enc);
  zKey = pTos->z;
  nKey = pTos->n;
  pElem = sqlite3HashFind(&p->agg.hash, zKey, nKey);
  if( pElem ){
    p->agg.pCurrent = pElem;
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }else{

  Release(pMem);
  *pMem = *pTos;
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn ){
    pTos->flags = MEM_Null;
  }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Short ){
    pMem->z = pMem->zShort;
  }
  SetEncodingFlags(pMem, db->enc);
  SetEncoding(pMem, MEM_Utf8|MEM_Term);
  Release(pTos);
  pTos--;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: AggGet * P2 *
**

  pTos++;
  pMem = &pFocus->aMem[i];
  *pTos = *pMem;
  if( pTos->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    pTos->flags &= ~(MEM_Dyn|MEM_Static|MEM_Short);
    pTos->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
  }
  if( pTos->flags&MEM_Str ){
    SetEncodingFlags(pTos, TEXT_Utf8);
    SetEncoding(pTos, encToFlags(db->enc)|MEM_Term);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: AggNext * P2 *
**
** Make the next aggregate value the current aggregate.  The prior
** aggregate is deleted.  If all aggregate values have been consumed,

  }
  if( rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
    sqlite3ResetInternalSchema(db, 0);
  }
  return rc;
}













































































































































































































































/*
** Set the values of all variables.  Variable $1 in the original SQL will
** be the string azValue[0].  $2 will have the value azValue[1].  And
** so forth.  If a value is out of range (for example $3 when nValue==2)
** then its value will be NULL.
**
** This routine overrides any prior call.