SQLite

  /* Code the OP_Affinity opcode if there is anything left to do. */
  if( n>0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, base, n, 0, zAff, n);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);
  }
}

/*
** Expression pRight, which is the RHS of a comparison operation, is 
** either a vector of n elements or, if n==1, a scalar expression.
** Before the comparison operation, affinity zAff is to be applied
** to the pRight values. This function modifies characters within the
** affinity string to SQLITE_AFF_BLOB if either:
**
**   * the comparison will be performed with no affinity, or
**   * the affinity change in zAff is guaranteed not to change the value.
*/
static void updateRangeAffinityStr(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  Expr *pRight,                   /* RHS of comparison */
  int n,                          /* Number of vector elements in comparison */
  char *zAff                      /* Affinity string to modify */
){
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
    Expr *p = sqlite3VectorFieldSubexpr(pRight, i);
    if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(p, zAff[i])==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB
     || sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(p, zAff[i])
    ){
      zAff[i] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
** coded.
**
** The current value for the constraint is left in register iReg.

    int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
    Index *pIdx;                 /* The index we will be using */
    int iIdxCur;                 /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
    int nExtraReg = 0;           /* Number of extra registers needed */
    int op;                      /* Instruction opcode */
    char *zStartAff;             /* Affinity for start of range constraint */
    char *zEndAff = 0;           /* Affinity for end of range constraint */
    u8 bSeekPastNull = 0;        /* True to seek past initial nulls */
    u8 bStopAtNull = 0;          /* Add condition to terminate at NULLs */

    pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
    iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    assert( nEq>=pLoop->nSkip );

    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
    ** starting at regBase.
    */
    codeCursorHint(pTabItem, pWInfo, pLevel, pRangeEnd);
    regBase = codeAllEqualityTerms(pParse,pLevel,bRev,nExtraReg,&zStartAff);
    assert( zStartAff==0 || sqlite3Strlen30(zStartAff)>=nEq );
    if( zStartAff && nTop ){
      zEndAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, &zStartAff[nEq]);
    }
    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;

    testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeEnd && (pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeEnd && (pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
    startEq = !pRangeStart || pRangeStart->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);

      if( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( zStartAff ){




        updateRangeAffinityStr(pParse, pRight, nBtm, &zStartAff[nEq]);




      }  
      nConstraint += nBtm;
      testcase( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pRight)==0 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeStart);
      }else{
        startEq = 1;

      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }

      updateRangeAffinityStr(pParse, pRight, nTop, zEndAff);

      codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase+nEq, nTop, zEndAff);

      nConstraint += nTop;
      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );

      if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pRight)==0 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      }else{
        endEq = 1;
      }
    }else if( bStopAtNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      endEq = 0;
      nConstraint++;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zEndAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    if( nConstraint ){
      op = aEndOp[bRev*2 + endEq];