SQLite

  p4 = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLeft, pRight);
  p5 = binaryCompareP5(pLeft, pRight, jumpIfNull);
  addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, opcode, in2, dest, in1,
                           (void*)p4, P4_COLLSEQ);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(pParse->pVdbe, (u8)p5);
  return addr;
}

int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr){
  if( (pExpr->flags & EP_Vector)==0 ) return 1;
  if( pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
    return pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
  }
  return pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
}

static Expr *exprVectorField(Expr *pVector, int i){
  if( pVector->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
    return pVector->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
  }
  return pVector->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
}

static void codeVectorCompare(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
  Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
  int nLeft = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);
  int nRight = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pRight);
  int addr = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

  /* Check that both sides of the comparison are vectors, and that
  ** both are the same length.  */
  if( nLeft!=nRight ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "invalid use of row value");
  }else{
    int p5 = (pExpr->op==TK_IS || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT) ? SQLITE_NULLEQ : 0;
    int opCmp;
    int opTest;
    int i;
    int p3 = 1;
    int regLeft = 0;
    int regRight = 0;

    assert( pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_NE 
         || pExpr->op==TK_IS || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT 
         || pExpr->op==TK_LT || pExpr->op==TK_GT 
         || pExpr->op==TK_LE || pExpr->op==TK_GE 
    );

    switch( pExpr->op ){
      case TK_EQ:
      case TK_IS:
        opTest = OP_IfNot;
        opCmp = OP_Eq;
        break;

      case TK_NE:
      case TK_ISNOT:
        opTest = OP_If;
        opCmp = OP_Ne;
        break;

      case TK_LT:
      case TK_LE:
      case TK_GT:
      case TK_GE:
        opCmp = OP_Cmp;
        opTest = OP_CmpTest;
        p3 = pExpr->op;
        break;
    }

    if( pLeft->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
      assert( pLeft->op==TK_SELECT || pLeft->op==TK_REGISTER );
      regLeft = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pLeft, 1);
      assert( regLeft!=1 );
    }
    if( pRight->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
      assert( pRight->op==TK_SELECT || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
      regRight = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, 1);
      assert( regRight!=1 );
    }
    if( pParse->nErr ) return;

    for(i=0; i<nLeft; i++){
      int regFree1 = 0, regFree2 = 0;
      Expr *pL, *pR; 
      int r1, r2;

      if( regLeft ){
        pL = pLeft->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
        r1 = regLeft+i;
      }else{
        pL = pLeft->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
        r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pL, &regFree1);
      }

      if( regRight ){
        pR = pRight->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
        r2 = regRight+i;
      }else{
        pR = pRight->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
        r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pR, &regFree1);
      }

      codeCompare(pParse, pL, pR, opCmp, r1, r2, dest, SQLITE_STOREP2 | p5);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, opTest, dest, addr, p3);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
    }
  }

  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addr);
}

#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
/*
** Check that argument nHeight is less than or equal to the maximum
** expression depth allowed. If it is not, leave an error message in
** pParse.
*/

static SQLITE_NOINLINE void sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(sqlite3 *db, Expr *p){
  assert( p!=0 );
  /* Sanity check: Assert that the IntValue is non-negative if it exists */
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_IntValue) || p->u.iValue>=0 );
  if( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) ){
    /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
    assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
    if( p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ) sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLeft);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pRight);
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_MemToken) ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->u.zToken);
    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
    }

      }
    }
  }

  /* If no preexisting index is available for the IN clause
  ** and IN_INDEX_NOOP is an allowed reply
  ** and the RHS of the IN operator is a list, not a subquery
  ** and the RHS is not constant or has two or fewer terms,
  ** then it is not worth creating an ephemeral table to evaluate
  ** the IN operator so return IN_INDEX_NOOP.
  */
  if( eType==0
   && (inFlags & IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK)
   && !ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect)
   && (!sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(pX) || pX->x.pList->nExpr<=2)

    pParse->nQueryLoop = savedNQueryLoop;
  }else{
    pX->iTable = iTab;
  }
  return eType;
}
#endif

static char *exprINAffinity(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
  int nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);
  char *zRet;

  zRet = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, nVal+1);
  if( zRet ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
      Expr *pA;
      char a;
      if( nVal==1 ){
        pA = pLeft;
      }else{    
        pA = exprVectorField(pLeft, i);
      }
      a = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pA);
      zRet[i] = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr, a);
    }
    zRet[nVal] = '\0';
  }
  return zRet;
}

/*
** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as a subquery expression, EXISTS,
** or IN operators.  Examples:
**
**     (SELECT a FROM b)          -- subquery
**     EXISTS (SELECT a FROM b)   -- EXISTS subquery

    );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, pParse->iSelectId, 0, 0, zMsg, P4_DYNAMIC);
  }
#endif

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_IN: {

      int addr;                   /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral instruction */
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft; /* the LHS of the IN operator */
      KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = 0;      /* Key information */
      int nVal;                   /* Size of vector pLeft */
      
      nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pLeft);

      /* Whether this is an 'x IN(SELECT...)' or an 'x IN(<exprlist>)'
      ** expression it is handled the same way.  An ephemeral table is 
      ** filled with single-field index keys representing the results
      ** from the SELECT or the <exprlist>.
      **
      ** If the 'x' expression is a column value, or the SELECT...
      ** statement returns a column value, then the affinity of that
      ** column is used to build the index keys. If both 'x' and the
      ** SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity is used
      ** if either column has NUMERIC or INTEGER affinity. If neither
      ** 'x' nor the SELECT... statement are columns, then numeric affinity
      ** is used.
      */
      pExpr->iTable = pParse->nTab++;
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, 
          pExpr->iTable, (isRowid?0:nVal));
      pKeyInfo = isRowid ? 0 : sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(pParse->db, nVal, 1);

      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        /* Case 1:     expr IN (SELECT ...)
        **
        ** Generate code to write the results of the select into the temporary
        ** table allocated and opened above.
        */
        Select *pSelect = pExpr->x.pSelect;

        ExprList *pEList = pSelect->pEList;

        assert( !isRowid );
        if( pEList->nExpr!=nVal ){
          sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "SELECT has %d columns - expected %d",
              pEList->nExpr, nVal);
        }else{
          SelectDest dest;
          int i;
          sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Set, pExpr->iTable);
          dest.zAffSdst = exprINAffinity(pParse, pExpr);
          assert( (pExpr->iTable&0x0000FFFF)==pExpr->iTable );
          pSelect->iLimit = 0;
          testcase( pSelect->selFlags & SF_Distinct );
          testcase( pKeyInfo==0 ); /* Caused by OOM in sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc() */
          if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest) ){
            sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, dest.zAffSdst);
            sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(pKeyInfo);
            return 0;
          }

          sqlite3DbFree(pParse->db, dest.zAffSdst);
          assert( pKeyInfo!=0 ); /* OOM will cause exit after sqlite3Select() */
          assert( pEList!=0 );
          assert( pEList->nExpr>0 );
          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
          for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
            Expr *p = (nVal>1) ? exprVectorField(pLeft, i) : pLeft;
            pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
                pParse, p, pEList->a[i].pExpr
            );
          }
        }
      }else if( ALWAYS(pExpr->x.pList!=0) ){
        /* Case 2:     expr IN (exprlist)
        **
        ** For each expression, build an index key from the evaluation and
        ** store it in the temporary table. If <expr> is a column, then use
        ** that columns affinity when building index keys. If <expr> is not
        ** a column, use numeric affinity.
        */
        char affinity;            /* Affinity of the LHS of the IN */
        int i;
        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
        int r1, r2, r3;

        affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft);
        if( !affinity ){
          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
        if( pKeyInfo ){
          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
          pKeyInfo->aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
        }

      ** value of this select in a memory cell and record the number
      ** of the memory cell in iColumn.  If this is an EXISTS, write
      ** an integer 0 (not exists) or 1 (exists) into a memory cell
      ** and record that memory cell in iColumn.
      */
      Select *pSel;                         /* SELECT statement to encode */
      SelectDest dest;                      /* How to deal with SELECt result */
      int nReg;                             /* Registers to allocate */

      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS || pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );

      assert( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );

      pSel = pExpr->x.pSelect;
      nReg = pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ? pSel->pEList->nExpr : 1;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, 0, pParse->nMem+1);
      pParse->nMem += nReg;
      if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
        dest.eDest = SRT_Mem;
        dest.iSdst = dest.iSDParm;
        dest.nSdst = nReg;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, dest.iSDParm, dest.iSDParm+nReg-1);
        VdbeComment((v, "Init subquery result"));
      }else{
        dest.eDest = SRT_Exists;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iSDParm);
        VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
      }
      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit);

    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmpIfDynamic);
  }
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);

  return rReg;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
void exprCodeVectorIN(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Expr *pExpr,          /* The IN expression */
  int destIfFalse,      /* Jump here if LHS is not contained in the RHS */
  int destIfNull        /* Jump here if the results are unknown due to NULLs */
){
  int i;
  int addrNext;
  int iSkip;
  int r1;
  int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  int r3 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  int r4 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  int regResult = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  int nVal = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft);

  Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;

  /* Code the LHS, the <expr> from "<expr> IN (...)". Leave the results in
  ** an array of nVal registers starting at r1.  */
  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
  if( pLeft->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
    r1 = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pLeft, 0, 0);
  }else{
    r1 = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += nVal;
    sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pLeft->x.pList, r1, 0, 0);
  }

  /* Generate an epheremal index containing the contents of the SELECT
  ** to the right of the "<expr> IN (SELECT ...)" expression. The cursor
  ** number for the epheremal table is left in pExpr->iTable.  */
  assert( pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect );
  sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0, 0);

  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regResult);

  /* Iterate through the ephemeral table just populated */
  addrNext = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, pExpr->iTable, destIfFalse);
  for(i=0; i<nVal; i++){
    Expr *p;
    CollSeq *pColl;
    p = exprVectorField(pLeft, i);
    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pExpr->iTable, i, r2);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Eq, r1+i, i==0?r3:r4, r2, (void*)pColl,P4_COLLSEQ); 
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_STOREP2);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    if( i!=0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_And, r3, r4, r4);
    }
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_If, r4, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+6);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, r4, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regResult);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pExpr->iTable, addrNext);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_If, regResult, destIfNull, 1);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, destIfFalse);

  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r3);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r4);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regResult);
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** Generate code for an IN expression.
**
**      x IN (SELECT ...)
**      x IN (value, value, ...)

  int destIfNull        /* Jump here if the results are unknown due to NULLs */
){
  int rRhsHasNull = 0;  /* Register that is true if RHS contains NULL values */
  char affinity;        /* Comparison affinity to use */
  int eType;            /* Type of the RHS */
  int r1;               /* Temporary use register */
  Vdbe *v;              /* Statement under construction */

  if( pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Vector ){
    return exprCodeVectorIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);
  }

  /* Compute the RHS.   After this step, the table with cursor
  ** pExpr->iTable will contains the values that make up the RHS.
  */
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );       /* OOM detected prior to this routine */
  VdbeNoopComment((v, "begin IN expr"));

static void exprToRegister(Expr *p, int iReg){
  p->op2 = p->op;
  p->op = TK_REGISTER;
  p->iTable = iReg;
  ExprClearProperty(p, EP_Skip);
}

static void exprCodeBetween(Parse*,Expr*,int,void(*)(Parse*,Expr*,int,int),int);

/*
** Generate code into the current Vdbe to evaluate the given
** expression.  Attempt to store the results in register "target".
** Return the register where results are stored.
**
** With this routine, there is no guarantee that results will
** be stored in target.  The result might be stored in some other
** register if it is convenient to do so.  The calling function
** must check the return code and move the results to the desired
** register.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;  /* The VM under construction */
  int op;                   /* The opcode being coded */
  int inReg = target;       /* Results stored in register inReg */
  int regFree1 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
  int regFree2 = 0;         /* If non-zero free this temporary register */
  int r1, r2, r3, r4;       /* Various register numbers */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db; /* The database connection */
  Expr tempX;               /* Temporary expression node */
  int p5 = 0;

  assert( target>0 && target<=pParse->nMem );
  if( v==0 ){
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return 0;
  }

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Cast, target,
                        sqlite3AffinityType(pExpr->u.zToken, 0));
      testcase( usedAsColumnCache(pParse, inReg, inReg) );
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, inReg, 1);
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_IS:
    case TK_ISNOT:
      op = (op==TK_IS) ? TK_EQ : TK_NE;
      p5 = SQLITE_NULLEQ;
      /* fall-through */
    case TK_LT:
    case TK_LE:
    case TK_GT:
    case TK_GE:
    case TK_NE:
    case TK_EQ: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      if( (pLeft->flags & EP_Vector) ){
        codeVectorCompare(pParse, pExpr, target);
      }else{
        r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pLeft, &regFree1);
        r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pExpr->pRight, &regFree2);
        codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pExpr->pRight, op,
            r1, r2, inReg, SQLITE_STOREP2 | p5);
        assert(TK_LT==OP_Lt); testcase(op==OP_Lt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Lt);
        assert(TK_LE==OP_Le); testcase(op==OP_Le); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Le);
        assert(TK_GT==OP_Gt); testcase(op==OP_Gt); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Gt);
        assert(TK_GE==OP_Ge); testcase(op==OP_Ge); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ge);
        assert(TK_EQ==OP_Eq); testcase(op==OP_Eq); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Eq);
        assert(TK_NE==OP_Ne); testcase(op==OP_Ne); VdbeCoverageIf(v,op==OP_Ne);
        testcase( regFree1==0 );
        testcase( regFree2==0 );

      }













      break;
    }
    case TK_AND:
    case TK_OR:
    case TK_PLUS:
    case TK_STAR:
    case TK_MINUS:

    **    x>=y AND x<=z
    **
    ** X is stored in pExpr->pLeft.
    ** Y is stored in pExpr->pList->a[0].pExpr.
    ** Z is stored in pExpr->pList->a[1].pExpr.
    */
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, target, 0, 0);
#if 0
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      struct ExprList_item *pLItem = pExpr->x.pList->a;
      Expr *pRight = pLItem->pExpr;

      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pLeft, &regFree1);
      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pRight, &regFree2);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );

      r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pRight, &regFree2);
      testcase( regFree2==0 );
      codeCompare(pParse, pLeft, pRight, OP_Le, r1, r2, r4, SQLITE_STOREP2);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_And, r3, r4, target);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r3);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r4);
#endif
      break;
    }
    case TK_SPAN:
    case TK_COLLATE: 
    case TK_UPLUS: {
      inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
      break;

      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_RealAffinity, target);
      }
#endif
      break;
    }

    case TK_VECTOR: {
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "invalid use of row value (1)");
      break;
    }

    case TK_SELECT_COLUMN: {
      Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
      assert( pLeft );
      assert( pLeft->op==TK_SELECT || pLeft->op==TK_REGISTER );
      if( pLeft->op==TK_SELECT ){
        pLeft->iTable = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pLeft, 0, 0);
        pLeft->op = TK_REGISTER;
      }
      inReg = pLeft->iTable + pExpr->iColumn;
      break;
    }

    /*
    ** Form A:
    **   CASE x WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END
    **
    ** Form B:
    **   CASE WHEN e1 THEN r1 WHEN e2 THEN r2 ... WHEN eN THEN rN ELSE y END

** Code it as such, taking care to do the common subexpression
** elimination of x.
*/
static void exprCodeBetween(
  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Expr *pExpr,      /* The BETWEEN expression */
  int dest,         /* Jump here if the jump is taken */
  void (*xJumpIf)(Parse*,Expr*,int,int),
  int jumpIfNull    /* Take the jump if the BETWEEN is NULL */
){
  Expr exprAnd;     /* The AND operator in  x>=y AND x<=z  */
  Expr compLeft;    /* The  x>=y  term */
  Expr compRight;   /* The  x<=z  term */
  Expr exprX;       /* The  x  subexpression */
  int regFree1 = 0; /* Temporary use register */

  memset(&compLeft, 0, sizeof(Expr));
  memset(&compRight, 0, sizeof(Expr));
  memset(&exprAnd, 0, sizeof(Expr));

  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
  exprX = *pExpr->pLeft;
  exprAnd.op = TK_AND;
  exprAnd.pLeft = &compLeft;
  exprAnd.pRight = &compRight;
  compLeft.op = TK_GE;
  compLeft.pLeft = &exprX;
  compLeft.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
  compRight.op = TK_LE;
  compRight.pLeft = &exprX;
  compRight.pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
  if( (exprX.flags & EP_Vector)==0 ){
    exprToRegister(&exprX, sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, &exprX, &regFree1));
  }
  if( xJumpIf ){
    xJumpIf(pParse, &exprAnd, dest, jumpIfNull);
  }else{
    exprX.flags |= EP_FromJoin;
    sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, &exprAnd, dest);
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);

  /* Ensure adequate test coverage */
  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1==0 );
  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull==0 && regFree1!=0 );
  testcase( jumpIfTrue==0 && jumpIfNull!=0 && regFree1==0 );

  int regFree2 = 0;
  int r1, r2;

  assert( jumpIfNull==SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL || jumpIfNull==0 );
  if( NEVER(v==0) )     return;  /* Existence of VDBE checked by caller */
  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) ) return;  /* No way this can happen */
  op = pExpr->op;
  switch( op | (pExpr->pLeft ? (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Vector) : 0)){
    case TK_AND: {
      int d2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, d2,jumpIfNull^SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, d2);

      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_ISNULL);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_NOTNULL);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      break;
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, dest, sqlite3ExprIfTrue, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_IN: {
      int destIfFalse = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      int destIfNull = jumpIfNull ? dest : destIfFalse;
      sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, destIfFalse, destIfNull);

  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_NE || op==OP_Eq );
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ || op==OP_Ne );
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_LT || op==OP_Ge );
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_LE || op==OP_Gt );
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GT || op==OP_Le );
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_GE || op==OP_Lt );

  switch( pExpr->op | (pExpr->pLeft ? (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Vector) : 0)){
    case TK_AND: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pExpr->pRight, dest, jumpIfNull);
      sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
      break;

      testcase( op==TK_ISNULL );   VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_ISNULL);
      testcase( op==TK_NOTNULL );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==TK_NOTNULL);
      testcase( regFree1==0 );
      break;
    }
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      testcase( jumpIfNull==0 );
      exprCodeBetween(pParse, pExpr, dest, sqlite3ExprIfFalse, jumpIfNull);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_IN: {
      if( jumpIfNull ){
        sqlite3ExprCodeIN(pParse, pExpr, dest, dest);
      }else{

%right ESCAPE.
%left BITAND BITOR LSHIFT RSHIFT.
%left PLUS MINUS.
%left STAR SLASH REM.
%left CONCAT.
%left COLLATE.
%right BITNOT.
%right VECTOR.

// An IDENTIFIER can be a generic identifier, or one of several
// keywords.  Any non-standard keyword can also be an identifier.
//
%token_class id  ID|INDEXED.

// The following directive causes tokens ABORT, AFTER, ASC, etc. to

  */
  static void exprNot(Parse *pParse, int doNot, ExprSpan *pSpan){
    if( doNot ){
      pSpan->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, pSpan->pExpr, 0, 0);
    }
  }
}

expr(A) ::= LP(L) nexprlist(X) COMMA expr(Y) RP(R). { 
  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0, 0);
  if( A.pExpr ){
    A.pExpr->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, X, Y.pExpr);
    spanSet(&A, &L, &R);
  }
}

expr(A) ::= expr(A) AND(OP) expr(Y).    {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
expr(A) ::= expr(A) OR(OP) expr(Y).     {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
expr(A) ::= expr(A) LT|GT|GE|LE(OP) expr(Y).
                                        {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
expr(A) ::= expr(A) EQ|NE(OP) expr(Y).  {spanBinaryExpr(pParse,@OP,&A,&Y);}
expr(A) ::= expr(A) BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT(OP) expr(Y).

        notValid(pParse, pNC, "subqueries", NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr);
        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect);
        assert( pNC->nRef>=nRef );
        if( nRef!=pNC->nRef ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect);
          pNC->ncFlags |= NC_VarSelect;
        }

        if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT && pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr>1 ){
          if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VectorOk) ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "invalid use of row value");
          }else{
            ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Vector);
          }
        }
        if( pExpr->op==TK_IN ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr->pLeft, EP_VectorOk);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_VARIABLE: {
      notValid(pParse, pNC, "parameters", NC_IsCheck|NC_PartIdx|NC_IdxExpr);
      break;
    }

    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      ExprSetProperty(pExpr->pLeft, EP_VectorOk);
      ExprSetProperty(pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr, EP_VectorOk);
      ExprSetProperty(pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr, EP_VectorOk);
      break;
    }

    case TK_EQ: case TK_NE: case TK_IS: case TK_ISNOT: 
    case TK_LE: case TK_LT: case TK_GE: case TK_GT: 
    {
      ExprSetProperty(pExpr->pLeft, EP_VectorOk);
      ExprSetProperty(pExpr->pRight, EP_VectorOk);
      break;
    };

    case TK_VECTOR: {
      if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_VectorOk) ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "invalid use of row value");
      }else{
        ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Vector);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  return (pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed) ? WRC_Abort : WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** pEList is a list of expressions which are really the result set of the
** a SELECT statement.  pE is a term in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.

/*
** Initialize a SelectDest structure.
*/
void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest *pDest, int eDest, int iParm){
  pDest->eDest = (u8)eDest;
  pDest->iSDParm = iParm;
  pDest->zAffSdst = 0;
  pDest->iSdst = 0;
  pDest->nSdst = 0;
}


/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that

*/
static int checkForMultiColumnSelectError(
  Parse *pParse,       /* Parse context. */
  SelectDest *pDest,   /* Destination of SELECT results */
  int nExpr            /* Number of result columns returned by SELECT */
){
  int eDest = pDest->eDest;
  if( 0 && nExpr>1 && eDest==SRT_Set ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "only a single result allowed for "
       "a SELECT that is part of an expression");
    return 1;
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
    ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
    ** item into the set table with bogus data.
    */
    case SRT_Set: {



      if( pSort ){
        /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
        ** case the order does matter */
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        assert( sqlite3Strlen30(pDest->zAffSdst)==nResultCol );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, 
            r1, pDest->zAffSdst, 1);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }
      break;
    }

    /* If any row exist in the result set, record that fact and abort.
    */
    case SRT_Exists: {
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iParm);
      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
      break;
    }

    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
    ** of the scan loop.
    */
    case SRT_Mem: {
      assert( nResultCol==pDest->nSdst );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, nResultCol, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        assert( regResult==iParm );
        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

  assert( addrBreak<0 );
  if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
    sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, addrBreak);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pSort->labelBkOut);
  }
  iTab = pSort->iECursor;
  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Mem ){
    regRowid = 0;
    regRow = pDest->iSdst;
    nSortData = nColumn;
  }else{
    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    nSortData = 1;

      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, regRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, regRow, regRowid);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case SRT_Set: {
      assert( nColumn==sqlite3Strlen30(pDest->zAffSdst) );
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, nColumn, regRowid,
                        pDest->zAffSdst, 1);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regRow, nColumn);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, regRowid);
      break;
    }
    case SRT_Mem: {

      /* sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regRow, iParm, nColumn); */
      /* The LIMIT clause will terminate the loop for us */
      break;
    }
#endif
    default: {
      assert( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ); 
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );

    /* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
    ** then there should be a single item on the stack.  Write this
    ** item into the set table with bogus data.
    */
    case SRT_Set: {
      int r1;
      assert( pIn->nSdst==1 || pParse->nErr>0 );


      r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, pIn->iSdst, pIn->nSdst, 
          r1, pDest->zAffSdst,1);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pIn->iSdst, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pDest->iSDParm, r1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      break;
    }

    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then

#define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
#define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
#define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
#define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* A SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or _SLOCHNG function */
#define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
#define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */
#define EP_Alias     0x400000 /* Is an alias for a result set column */
#define EP_VectorOk  0x800000 /* This expression may be a row value */
#define EP_Vector    0x1000000/* This expression is a row value */

/*
** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
*/
#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */

/*

/*
** An instance of this object describes where to put of the results of
** a SELECT statement.
*/
struct SelectDest {
  u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
  char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
  int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
  int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
  int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
};

/*

int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
#endif

int sqlite3ExprVectorSize(Expr *pExpr);

#endif /* SQLITEINT_H */

/* Opcode: Ge P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
** Synopsis: if r[P1]>=r[P3] goto P2
**
** This works just like the Lt opcode except that the jump is taken if
** the content of register P3 is greater than or equal to the content of
** register P1.  See the Lt opcode for additional information.
*/
case OP_Cmp:              /* in1, in3 */
case OP_Eq:               /* same as TK_EQ, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ne:               /* same as TK_NE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Lt:               /* same as TK_LT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Le:               /* same as TK_LE, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Gt:               /* same as TK_GT, jump, in1, in3 */
case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
  int res;            /* Result of the comparison of pIn1 against pIn3 */

  }
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
    case OP_Eq:    res = res==0;     break;
    case OP_Ne:    res = res!=0;     break;
    case OP_Lt:    res = res<0;      break;
    case OP_Le:    res = res<=0;     break;
    case OP_Gt:    res = res>0;      break;
    case OP_Ge:    res = res>=0;     break;
    default: assert( pOp->opcode==OP_Cmp ); break;
  }

  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags1 & MEM_Dyn) );
  pIn1->flags = flags1;
  assert( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Dyn) == (flags3 & MEM_Dyn) );
  pIn3->flags = flags3;

  if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
    pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
    pOut->u.i = res;
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2, pOut);
  }else{
    assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Cmp );
    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
    if( res ){
      goto jump_to_p2;
    }
  }
  break;
}

    goto jump_to_p2;
  }else if( eqOnly ){
    assert( pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxLT || pOp[1].opcode==OP_IdxGT );
    pOp++; /* Skip the OP_IdxLt or OP_IdxGT that follows */
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: CmpTest P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** P2 is a jump destination. Register P1 is guaranteed to contain either
** an integer value or a NULL. The jump is taken if P1 contains any value
** other than 0 (i.e. NULL does cause a jump).
** 
** If P1 is not NULL, its value is modified to integer value 0 or 1 
** according to the value of the P3 operand:
**
**   P3            modification
**   --------------------------
**   OP_Lt         (P1 = (P1 < 0))
**   OP_Le         (P1 = (P1 <= 0))
**   OP_Gt         (P1 = (P1 > 0))
**   OP_Ge         (P1 = (P1 >= 0))
*/
case OP_CmpTest: {                /* in1, jump */
  int bJump;
  
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Int) ){
    bJump = (pIn1->u.i!=0);
    switch( pOp->p3 ){
      case OP_Lt: pIn1->u.i = (pIn1->u.i < 0); break;
      case OP_Le: pIn1->u.i = (pIn1->u.i <= 0); break;
      case OP_Gt: pIn1->u.i = (pIn1->u.i > 0); break;
      default: assert( pOp->p3==OP_Ge ); pIn1->u.i = (pIn1->u.i >= 0); break;
    }
  }else{
    bJump = 1;
  }

  if( bJump ) goto jump_to_p2;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Found P1 P2 P3 P4 *
** Synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]
**
** If P4==0 then register P3 holds a blob constructed by MakeRecord.  If
** P4>0 then register P3 is the first of P4 registers that form an unpacked
** record.

          if( iReduce<k ) iReduce = k;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if( pLoop->nOut > nRow-iReduce )  pLoop->nOut = nRow - iReduce;
}

/* 
** Term pTerm is a vector range comparison operation. The first comparison
** in the vector can be optimized using column nEq of the index.  
*/
int whereRangeVectorLen(
  Parse *pParse, int iCur, Index *pIdx, int nEq, WhereTerm *pTerm
){
  int nCmp = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pTerm->pExpr->pLeft);
  int i;

  nCmp = MIN(nCmp, (pIdx->nColumn - nEq));
  for(i=1; i<nCmp; i++){
    /* Test if comparison i of pTerm is compatible with column (i+nEq) 
    ** of the index. If not, exit the loop.  */
    char aff;                     /* Comparison affinity */
    char idxaff = 0;              /* Indexed columns affinity */
    CollSeq *pColl;               /* Comparison collation sequence */
    Expr *pLhs = pTerm->pExpr->pLeft->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    Expr *pRhs = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
    if( pRhs->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
      pRhs = pRhs->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
    }else{
      pRhs = pRhs->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    }

    /* Check that the LHS of the comparison is a column reference to
    ** the right column of the right source table. 
    */
    if( pLhs->op!=TK_COLUMN 
     || pLhs->iTable!=iCur 
     || pLhs->iColumn!=pIdx->aiColumn[i+nEq] 
    ){
      break;
    }

    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRhs, sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLhs));
    idxaff = pIdx->pTable->aCol[pLhs->iColumn].affinity;
    if( aff!=idxaff ) break;

    pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pLhs, pRhs);
    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIdx->azColl[i+nEq]) ) break;
  }
  return i;
}

/*
** Adjust the cost C by the costMult facter T.  This only occurs if
** compiled with -DSQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
# define ApplyCostMultiplier(C,T)  C += T

  WhereLoop *pNew;                /* Template WhereLoop under construction */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;               /* A WhereTerm under consideration */
  int opMask;                     /* Valid operators for constraints */
  WhereScan scan;                 /* Iterator for WHERE terms */
  Bitmask saved_prereq;           /* Original value of pNew->prereq */
  u16 saved_nLTerm;               /* Original value of pNew->nLTerm */
  u16 saved_nEq;                  /* Original value of pNew->u.btree.nEq */
  u16 saved_nBtm;                 /* Original value of pNew->u.btree.nBtm */
  u16 saved_nTop;                 /* Original value of pNew->u.btree.nTop */
  u16 saved_nSkip;                /* Original value of pNew->nSkip */
  u32 saved_wsFlags;              /* Original value of pNew->wsFlags */
  LogEst saved_nOut;              /* Original value of pNew->nOut */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
  LogEst rSize;                   /* Number of rows in the table */
  LogEst rLogSize;                /* Logarithm of table size */
  WhereTerm *pTop = 0, *pBtm = 0; /* Top and bottom range constraints */

  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;

  assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
  assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)==0 );
  if( pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
    opMask = WO_LT|WO_LE;
  }else{
    assert( pNew->u.btree.nBtm==0 );
    opMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS;
  }
  if( pProbe->bUnordered ) opMask &= ~(WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE);

  assert( pNew->u.btree.nEq<pProbe->nColumn );

  saved_nEq = pNew->u.btree.nEq;
  saved_nBtm = pNew->u.btree.nBtm;
  saved_nTop = pNew->u.btree.nTop;
  saved_nSkip = pNew->nSkip;
  saved_nLTerm = pNew->nLTerm;
  saved_wsFlags = pNew->wsFlags;
  saved_prereq = pNew->prereq;
  saved_nOut = pNew->nOut;
  pTerm = whereScanInit(&scan, pBuilder->pWC, pSrc->iCursor, saved_nEq,
                        opMask, pProbe);

      testcase( eOp & WO_IS );
      testcase( eOp & WO_ISNULL );
      continue;
    }

    pNew->wsFlags = saved_wsFlags;
    pNew->u.btree.nEq = saved_nEq;
    pNew->u.btree.nBtm = saved_nBtm;
    pNew->u.btree.nTop = saved_nTop;
    pNew->nLTerm = saved_nLTerm;
    if( whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1) ) break; /* OOM */
    pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm++] = pTerm;
    pNew->prereq = (saved_prereq | pTerm->prereqRight) & ~pNew->maskSelf;

    assert( nInMul==0
        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_NULL)!=0 

      }
    }else if( eOp & WO_ISNULL ){
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_NULL;
    }else if( eOp & (WO_GT|WO_GE) ){
      testcase( eOp & WO_GT );
      testcase( eOp & WO_GE );
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_BTM_LIMIT;
      pNew->u.btree.nBtm = whereRangeVectorLen(
          pParse, pSrc->iCursor, pProbe, saved_nEq, pTerm
      );
      pBtm = pTerm;
      pTop = 0;
      if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT ){
        /* Range contraints that come from the LIKE optimization are
        ** always used in pairs. */
        pTop = &pTerm[1];
        assert( (pTop-(pTerm->pWC->a))<pTerm->pWC->nTerm );
        assert( pTop->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT );
        assert( pTop->eOperator==WO_LT );
        if( whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1) ) break; /* OOM */
        pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm++] = pTop;
        pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_TOP_LIMIT;
        pNew->u.btree.nTop = 1;
      }
    }else{
      assert( eOp & (WO_LT|WO_LE) );
      testcase( eOp & WO_LT );
      testcase( eOp & WO_LE );
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT;
      pNew->u.btree.nTop = whereRangeVectorLen(
          pParse, pSrc->iCursor, pProbe, saved_nEq, pTerm
      );
      pTop = pTerm;
      pBtm = (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT)!=0 ?
                     pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm-2] : 0;
    }

    /* At this point pNew->nOut is set to the number of rows expected to
    ** be visited by the index scan before considering term pTerm, or the

    pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
    pBuilder->nRecValid = nRecValid;
#endif
  }
  pNew->prereq = saved_prereq;
  pNew->u.btree.nEq = saved_nEq;
  pNew->u.btree.nBtm = saved_nBtm;
  pNew->u.btree.nTop = saved_nTop;
  pNew->nSkip = saved_nSkip;
  pNew->wsFlags = saved_wsFlags;
  pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
  pNew->nLTerm = saved_nLTerm;

  /* Consider using a skip-scan if there are no WHERE clause constraints
  ** available for the left-most terms of the index, and if the average

    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for a single table of the join where the table
** is identified by pBuilder->pNew->iTab.  That table is guaranteed to be
** a b-tree table, not a virtual table.
**
** The costs (WhereLoop.rRun) of the b-tree loops added by this function
** are calculated as follows:
**
** For a full scan, assuming the table (or index) contains nRow rows:
**

    if( pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
     && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pSrc->iCursor, pWC, pProbe->pPartIdxWhere) ){
      testcase( pNew->iTab!=pSrc->iCursor );  /* See ticket [98d973b8f5] */
      continue;  /* Partial index inappropriate for this query */
    }
    rSize = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0];
    pNew->u.btree.nEq = 0;
    pNew->u.btree.nBtm = 0;
    pNew->u.btree.nTop = 0;
    pNew->nSkip = 0;
    pNew->nLTerm = 0;
    pNew->iSortIdx = 0;
    pNew->rSetup = 0;
    pNew->prereq = mPrereq;
    pNew->nOut = rSize;
    pNew->u.btree.pIndex = pProbe;

  u8 iSortIdx;          /* Sorting index number.  0==None */
  LogEst rSetup;        /* One-time setup cost (ex: create transient index) */
  LogEst rRun;          /* Cost of running each loop */
  LogEst nOut;          /* Estimated number of output rows */
  union {
    struct {               /* Information for internal btree tables */
      u16 nEq;               /* Number of equality constraints */
      u16 nBtm;              /* Size of BTM vector */
      u16 nTop;              /* Size of TOP vector */
      Index *pIndex;         /* Index used, or NULL */
    } btree;
    struct {               /* Information for virtual tables */
      int idxNum;            /* Index number */
      u8 needFree;           /* True if sqlite3_free(idxStr) is needed */
      i8 isOrdered;          /* True if satisfies ORDER BY */
      u16 omitMask;          /* Terms that may be omitted */

        assert( pIdx->aiColumn[i]<pTab->nCol );
        if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]>=0 ) ai[pIdx->aiColumn[i]+1] = i+1;
      }
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)ai, P4_INTARRAY);
    }
  }
}

static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
  assert( nReg>0 );
  if( p->flags & EP_Vector ){
    int i;
    if( (p->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 ){
      ExprList *pList = p->x.pList;
      assert( nReg<=pList->nExpr );
      for(i=0; i<nReg; i++){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr, iReg+i);
      }
    }else{
      Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
      int iSelect = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, iSelect, iReg, nReg-1);
      p->op2 = p->op;
      p->op = TK_REGISTER;
      p->iTable = iSelect;
    }
  }else{
    assert( nReg==1 );
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p, iReg);
  }
}

/*
** Generate code for the start of the iLevel-th loop in the WHERE clause
** implementation described by pWInfo.
*/
Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */

    static const u8 aEndOp[] = {
      OP_IdxGE,            /* 0: (end_constraints && !bRev && !endEq) */
      OP_IdxGT,            /* 1: (end_constraints && !bRev &&  endEq) */
      OP_IdxLE,            /* 2: (end_constraints &&  bRev && !endEq) */
      OP_IdxLT,            /* 3: (end_constraints &&  bRev &&  endEq) */
    };
    u16 nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;     /* Number of == or IN terms */
    u16 nBtm = pLoop->u.btree.nBtm;   /* Length of BTM vector */
    u16 nTop = pLoop->u.btree.nTop;   /* Length of TOP vector */
    int regBase;                 /* Base register holding constraint values */
    WhereTerm *pRangeStart = 0;  /* Inequality constraint at range start */
    WhereTerm *pRangeEnd = 0;    /* Inequality constraint at range end */
    int startEq;                 /* True if range start uses ==, >= or <= */
    int endEq;                   /* True if range end uses ==, >= or <= */
    int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */

    /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end 
    ** of the range. 
    */
    j = nEq;
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
      pRangeStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
      nExtraReg = MAX(nExtraReg, pLoop->u.btree.nBtm);
      /* Like optimization range constraints always occur in pairs */
      assert( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)==0 || 
              (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)!=0 );
    }
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
      pRangeEnd = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
      nExtraReg = MAX(nExtraReg, pLoop->u.btree.nTop);
#ifndef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)!=0 ){
        assert( pRangeStart!=0 );                     /* LIKE opt constraints */
        assert( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT );   /* occur in pairs */
        pLevel->iLikeRepCntr = (u32)++pParse->nMem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, (int)pLevel->iLikeRepCntr);
        VdbeComment((v, "LIKE loop counter"));

    ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
    */
    if( (nEq<pIdx->nKeyCol && bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC))
     || (bRev && pIdx->nKeyCol==nEq)
    ){
      SWAP(WhereTerm *, pRangeEnd, pRangeStart);
      SWAP(u8, bSeekPastNull, bStopAtNull);
      SWAP(u8, nBtm, nTop);
    }

    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
    ** starting at regBase.
    */
    codeCursorHint(pTabItem, pWInfo, pLevel, pRangeEnd);

    endEq =   !pRangeEnd || pRangeEnd->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
    start_constraints = pRangeStart || nEq>0;

    /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeStart ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight;
      codeExprOrVector(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq, nBtm);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeStart);
      if( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( zStartAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zStartAff[nEq])==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB){
          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
          ** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB.  */
          zStartAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zStartAff[nEq]) ){
          zStartAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
      }  
      nConstraint += nBtm;
      testcase( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      if( (pRight->flags & EP_Vector)==0 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeStart);
      }else{
        startEq = 1;
      }
    }else if( bSeekPastNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      nConstraint++;
      startEq = 0;
      start_constraints = 1;
    }
    codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nConstraint - bSeekPastNull, zStartAff);

    /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
    ** range (if any).
    */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      codeExprOrVector(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq, nTop);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, cEndAff)!=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB
       && !sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, cEndAff)
      ){
        codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1, &cEndAff);
      }
      nConstraint += nTop;
      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );

      if( (pRight->flags & EP_Vector)==0 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      }else{
        endEq = 1;
      }
    }else if( bStopAtNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      endEq = 0;
      nConstraint++;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    if( nConstraint ){
      op = aEndOp[bRev*2 + endEq];
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
      testcase( op==OP_IdxGT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGT );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGE );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLT );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxLE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLE );
    }

    /* Disable the start and end range terms if possible */
    /* disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeStart); */
    /* disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd); */

    /* Seek the table cursor, if required */
    if( omitTable ){
      /* pIdx is a covering index.  No need to access the main table. */
    }else if( HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
      if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_SEEK_TABLE)!=0 ){
        iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, iRowidReg);
        sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);

        k = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, k, iRowidReg+j);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iCur, addrCont,
                           iRowidReg, pPk->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
    }

    /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. */


    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( bRev ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Prev;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
    }

  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  return idx;
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the given operator is one of the operators that is
** allowed for an indexable WHERE clause term.  The allowed operators are
** "=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=", "IN", "IS", and "IS NULL"
*/
static int allowedOp(int op){
  assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ && TK_GT<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_LT>TK_EQ && TK_LT<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_LE>TK_EQ && TK_LE<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_GE==TK_EQ+4 );
  return op==TK_IN || (op>=TK_EQ && op<=TK_GE) || op==TK_ISNULL || op==TK_IS;

**
** If pExpr is a TK_COLUMN column reference, then this routine always returns
** true even if that particular column is not indexed, because the column
** might be added to an automatic index later.
*/
static int exprMightBeIndexed(
  SrcList *pFrom,        /* The FROM clause */
  int op,
  Bitmask mPrereq,       /* Bitmask of FROM clause terms referenced by pExpr */
  Expr *pExpr,           /* An operand of a comparison operator */
  int *piCur,            /* Write the referenced table cursor number here */
  int *piColumn          /* Write the referenced table column number here */
){
  Index *pIdx;
  int i;
  int iCur;

  /* If this expression is a vector to the left or right of a 
  ** inequality constraint (>, <, >= or <=), perform the processing 
  ** on the first element of the vector.  */
  assert( TK_GT+1==TK_LE && TK_GT+2==TK_LT && TK_GT+3==TK_GE );
  if( (pExpr->flags & (EP_Vector|EP_xIsSelect))==EP_Vector 
   && (op>=TK_GT && op<=TK_GE)
  ){
    pExpr = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
  }

  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    *piCur = pExpr->iTable;
    *piColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
    return 1;
  }
  if( mPrereq==0 ) return 0;                 /* No table references */
  if( (mPrereq&(mPrereq-1))!=0 ) return 0;   /* Refs more than one table */

        *piColumn = -2;
        return 1;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static Expr *exprVectorExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iField){
  Expr *pRet;
  if( p->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
    pRet = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT_COLUMN, p, 0, 0);
    if( pRet ) pRet->iColumn = iField;
  }else{
    pRet = sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, p->x.pList->a[iField].pExpr, 0);
  }
  return pRet;
}

/*
** The input to this routine is an WhereTerm structure with only the
** "pExpr" field filled in.  The job of this routine is to analyze the
** subexpression and populate all the other fields of the WhereTerm
** structure.
**

  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  pTerm->eOperator = 0;
  if( allowedOp(op) ){
    int iCur, iColumn;
    Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pLeft);
    Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight);
    u16 opMask = (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ? WO_ALL : WO_EQUIV;
    if( exprMightBeIndexed(pSrc, op, prereqLeft, pLeft, &iCur, &iColumn) ){
      pTerm->leftCursor = iCur;
      pTerm->u.leftColumn = iColumn;
      pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op) & opMask;
    }
    if( op==TK_IS ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
    if( pRight 
     && exprMightBeIndexed(pSrc, op, pTerm->prereqRight, pRight, &iCur,&iColumn)
    ){
      WhereTerm *pNew;
      Expr *pDup;
      u16 eExtraOp = 0;        /* Extra bits for pNew->eOperator */
      if( pTerm->leftCursor>=0 ){
        int idxNew;
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);

      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

  if( pWC->op==TK_AND 
  && (pExpr->op==TK_EQ || pExpr->op==TK_IS)
  && (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Vector)
  && ( (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 
    || (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0
  )){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pExpr->pLeft); i++){
      int idxNew;
      Expr *pNew;
      Expr *pLeft = exprVectorExpr(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, i);
      Expr *pRight = exprVectorExpr(pParse, pExpr->pRight, i);

      pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, pExpr->op, pLeft, pRight, 0);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
    }
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
  /* When sqlite_stat3 histogram data is available an operator of the
  ** form "x IS NOT NULL" can sometimes be evaluated more efficiently
  ** as "x>NULL" if x is not an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.  So construct a
  ** virtual term of that form.
  **

# 2016 June 17
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the SELECT statement.
#


set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix rowvalue

do_execsql_test 0.0 {
  CREATE TABLE one(o);
  INSERT INTO one VALUES(1);
}

foreach {tn v1 v2 eq ne is isnot} {
  1 "1, 2, 3"    "1, 2, 3"                   1  0     1 0
  2 "1, 0, 3"    "1, 2, 3"                   0  1     0 1
  3 "1, 2, NULL" "1, 2, 3"                   {} {}    0 1
  4 "1, 2, NULL" "1, 2, NULL"                {} {}    1 0
  5 "NULL, NULL, NULL" "NULL, NULL, NULL"    {} {}    1 0
} {
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.eq "SELECT ($v1) == ($v2)" [list $eq]
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.ne "SELECT ($v1) != ($v2)" [list $ne]

  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.is    "SELECT ($v1) IS ($v2)"     [list $is]
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.isnot "SELECT ($v1) IS NOT ($v2)" [list $isnot]

  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.2.eq "SELECT (SELECT $v1) == (SELECT $v2)" [list $eq]
  do_execsql_test 1.$tn.2.ne "SELECT (SELECT $v1) != (SELECT $v2)" [list $ne]
}

foreach {tn v1 v2 lt gt le ge} {
  1 "(1, 1, 3)"    "(1, 2, 3)"                   1 0      1 0
  2 "(1, 2, 3)"    "(1, 2, 3)"                   0 0      1 1
  3 "(1, 3, 3)"    "(1, 2, 3)"                   0 1      0 1

  4 "(1, NULL, 3)"    "(1, 2, 3)"                {} {}      {} {}
  5 "(1, 3, 3)"    "(1, NULL, 3)"                {} {}      {} {}
  6 "(1, NULL, 3)"    "(1, NULL, 3)"             {} {}      {} {}
} {
  foreach {tn2 expr res} [list \
    2.$tn.lt "$v1 < $v2" $lt   \
    2.$tn.gt "$v1 > $v2" $gt   \
    2.$tn.le "$v1 <= $v2" $le   \
    2.$tn.ge "$v1 >= $v2" $ge   \
  ] {
    do_execsql_test $tn2 "SELECT $expr" [list $res]

    set map(0) [list]
    set map() [list]
    set map(1) [list 1]
    do_execsql_test $tn2.where1 "SELECT * FROM one WHERE $expr" $map($res)

    set map(0) [list 1]
    set map() [list]
    set map(1) [list]
    do_execsql_test $tn2.where2 "SELECT * FROM one WHERE NOT $expr" $map($res)
  }
}

do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x, y);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 1);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 3);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 4);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 5);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 6);
}

foreach {tn r order} {
  1 "(1, 1)"           "ORDER BY y"
  2 "(1, 1)"           "ORDER BY x, y"
  3 "(1, 2)"           "ORDER BY x, y DESC"
  4 "(3, 6)"           "ORDER BY x DESC, y DESC"
  5 "((3, 5))"         "ORDER BY x DESC, y"
  6 "(SELECT 3, 5)"    "ORDER BY x DESC, y"
} {
  do_execsql_test 3.$tn.1 "SELECT $r == (SELECT x,y FROM t1 $order)" 1
  do_execsql_test 3.$tn.2 "SELECT $r == (SELECT * FROM t1 $order)" 1

  do_execsql_test 3.$tn.3 "
    SELECT (SELECT * FROM t1 $order) == (SELECT * FROM t1 $order)
  " 1
  do_execsql_test 3.$tn.4 "
    SELECT (SELECT 0, 0) == (SELECT * FROM t1 $order)
  " 0
}

foreach {tn expr res} {
  1 {(2, 2) BETWEEN (2, 2) AND (3, 3)} 1
  2 {(2, 2) BETWEEN (2, NULL) AND (3, 3)} {}
  3 {(2, 2) BETWEEN (3, NULL) AND (3, 3)} 0
} {
  do_execsql_test 4.$tn "SELECT $expr" [list $res]
}

foreach {tn expr res} {
  1 {(2, 4) IN (SELECT * FROM t1)} 1
  2 {(3, 4) IN (SELECT * FROM t1)} 0

  3 {(NULL, 4) IN (SELECT * FROM t1)} {}
  4 {(NULL, 0) IN (SELECT * FROM t1)} 0

  5 {(NULL, 4) NOT IN (SELECT * FROM t1)} {}
  6 {(NULL, 0) NOT IN (SELECT * FROM t1)} 1
} {
  do_execsql_test 5.$tn "SELECT $expr" [list $res]
}

finish_test

# 2016 June 17
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the SELECT statement.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix rowvalue2

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0, 0, 0);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0, 1, 1);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 0, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 1, 3);

  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b);
}

do_execsql_test 1.1.1 { SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE (a, b) >= (1, 0) } {2 3} 
do_execsql_test 1.1.2 { SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE (a, b) > (1, 0)  } {3}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

do_execsql_test 2.0.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER, b INTEGER, c INTEGER, d INTEGER);
  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t2(a, b, c);
}
do_test 2.0.2 {
  foreach a {0 1 2 3} {
  foreach b {0 1 2 3} {
  foreach c {0 1 2 3} {
    execsql { INSERT INTO t2 VALUES($a, $b, $c, $c + $b*4 + $a*16); }
  }}}
} {}

do_execsql_test 2.1 {
  SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE (a, b) > (2, 2);
} [db eval { SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE a>2 OR (a=2 AND b>2) }]

do_execsql_test 2.2 {
  SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE (a, b) >= (2, 2);
} [db eval { SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE a>2 OR (a=2 AND b>=2) }]

do_execsql_test 2.3 {
  SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE a=1 AND (b, c) >= (1, 2);
} [db eval { SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE +a=1 AND (b>1 OR (b==1 AND c>=2)) }]

do_execsql_test 2.4 {
  SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE a=1 AND (b, c) > (1, 2);
} [db eval { SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE +a=1 AND (b>1 OR (b==1 AND c>2)) }]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------

set words {
airfare airfield airfields airflow airfoil
airfoils airframe airframes airily airing
airings airless airlift airlifts airline
airliner airlines airlock airlocks airmail
airmails airman airmen airplane airplanes

arraignment arraignments arraigns arrange arranged
arrangement arrangements arranger arrangers arranges
arranging arrant array arrayed arrays
arrears arrest arrested arrester arresters
arresting arrestingly arrestor arrestors arrests

edifices edit edited editing edition
editions editor editorial editorially editorials
editors edits educable educate educated
educates educating education educational educationally
educations educator educators eel eelgrass
}

do_test 3.0 {
  execsql { CREATE TABLE t3(a, b, c, w); }
  foreach w $words {
    set a [string range $w 0 2]
    set b [string range $w 3 5]
    set c [string range $w 6 end]
    execsql { INSERT INTO t3 VALUES($a, $b, $c, $w) }
  }
} {}


foreach {tn idx} {
  IDX1 {}
  IDX2 { CREATE INDEX i3 ON t3(a, b, c); }
  IDX3 { CREATE INDEX i3 ON t3(a, b); }
  IDX4 { CREATE INDEX i3 ON t3(a); }
} {
  execsql { DROP INDEX IF EXISTS i3 }
  execsql $idx

  foreach w $words {
    set a [string range $w 0 2]
    set b [string range $w 3 5]
    set c [string range $w 6 end]

    foreach op [list > >= < <= == IS] {
      do_execsql_test 3.1.$tn.$w.$op [subst -novar {
        SELECT rowid FROM t3 WHERE (a, b, c) [set op] ($a, $b, $c) 
        ORDER BY +rowid
      }] [db eval [subst -novar {
        SELECT rowid FROM t3 WHERE w [set op] $w ORDER BY +rowid
      }]]

      do_execsql_test 3.1.$tn.$w.$op.subselect [subst -novar {
        SELECT rowid FROM t3 WHERE (a, b, c) [set op] (
          SELECT a, b, c FROM t3 WHERE w = $w
        )
        ORDER BY +rowid
      }] [db eval [subst -novar {
        SELECT rowid FROM t3 WHERE w [set op] $w ORDER BY +rowid
      }]]
    }

  }
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#

do_execsql_test 4.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t4(a, b, c);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL, NULL, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL, NULL, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL, NULL, 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,    0, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,    0, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,    0, 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,    1, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,    1, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(NULL,    1, 1);

  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0, NULL, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0, NULL, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0, NULL, 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0,    0, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0,    0, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0,    0, 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0,    1, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0,    1, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   0,    1, 1);

  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1, NULL, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1, NULL, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1, NULL, 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1,    0, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1,    0, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1,    0, 1);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1,    1, NULL);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1,    1, 0);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(   1,    1, 1);
}

proc make_expr1 {cList vList op} {
  return "([join $cList ,]) $op ([join $vList ,])"
}

proc make_expr3 {cList vList op} {
  set n [llength $cList]

  set aList [list]
  foreach c [lrange $cList 0 end-1] v [lrange $vList 0 end-1] {
    lappend aList "$c == $v"
  }
  lappend aList "[lindex $cList end] $op [lindex $vList end]"

  return "([join $aList { AND }])"
}

proc make_expr2 {cList vList op} {
  set ret ""

  switch -- $op {
    == - IS {
      set aList [list]
      foreach c $cList v $vList { lappend aList "($c $op $v)" }
      set ret [join $aList " AND "]
    }

    < - > {
      set oList [list]
      for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $cList]} {incr i} {
        lappend oList [make_expr3 [lrange $cList 0 $i] [lrange $vList 0 $i] $op]
      }
      set ret [join $oList " OR "]
    }

    <= - >= {
      set o2 [string range $op 0 0]
      set oList [list]
      for {set i 0} {$i < [llength $cList]-1} {incr i} {
        lappend oList [make_expr3 [lrange $cList 0 $i] [lrange $vList 0 $i] $o2]
      }
      lappend oList [make_expr3 $cList $vList $op]
      set ret [join $oList " OR "]
    }


    default {
      error "Unknown op: $op"
    }
  }

  set ret
}

foreach {tn idx} {
  IDX1 {}
  IDX2 { CREATE INDEX i4 ON t4(a, b, c); }
  IDX3 { CREATE INDEX i4 ON t4(a, b); }
  IDX4 { CREATE INDEX i4 ON t4(a); }
} {
  execsql { DROP INDEX IF EXISTS i4 }
  execsql $idx

  foreach {tn2 vector} {
    1 {0 0 0}
    2 {1 1 1}
    3 {0 0 NULL}
    4 {0 NULL 0}
    5 {NULL 0 0}
    6 {1 1 NULL}
    7 {1 NULL 1}
    8 {NULL 1 1}
  } {
    foreach op { IS == < <= > >= } {
      set e1 [make_expr1 {a b c} $vector $op]
      set e2 [make_expr2 {a b c} $vector $op]

      do_execsql_test 4.$tn.$tn2.$op \
          "SELECT rowid FROM t4 WHERE $e2 ORDER BY +rowid" [
          db eval "SELECT rowid FROM t4 WHERE $e1 ORDER BY +rowid"
      ]
    }
  }
}


finish_test

  FUNCTION
  COLUMN
  AGG_FUNCTION
  AGG_COLUMN
  UMINUS
  UPLUS
  REGISTER
  SELECT_COLUMN
  ASTERISK
  SPAN
  SPACE
  ILLEGAL
}
if {[lrange $extras end-1 end]!="SPACE ILLEGAL"} {
  error "SPACE and ILLEGAL must be the last two token codes and they\