**     CREATE INDEX
**     DROP INDEX
**     creating ID lists
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.534 2009/05/02 13:29:38 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
*/
................................................................................
** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
*/
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
  Table *p = 0;
  int i;
  int nName;
  assert( zName!=0 );
  nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
    if( zDatabase!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName, nName);
    if( p ) break;
  }
  return p;
................................................................................
** for duplicate index names is done.)  The search order is
** TEMP first, then MAIN, then any auxiliary databases added
** using the ATTACH command.
*/
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDb){
  Index *p = 0;
  int i;
  int nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
    Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[j].pSchema;
    if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(zDb, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
    assert( pSchema || (j==1 && !db->aDb[1].pBt) );
    if( pSchema ){
      p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName, nName);
................................................................................
** with the index.
*/
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zIdxName){
  Index *pIndex;
  int len;
  Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash;

  len = sqlite3Strlen(db, zIdxName);
  pIndex = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zIdxName, len, 0);
  if( pIndex ){
    if( pIndex->pTable->pIndex==pIndex ){
      pIndex->pTable->pIndex = pIndex->pNext;
    }else{
      Index *p;
      for(p=pIndex->pTable->pIndex; p && p->pNext!=pIndex; p=p->pNext){}
................................................................................
  CollSeq *pColl;

  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, nName, initbusy);
  if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
    pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, pColl, zName, nName);
    if( !pColl ){
      if( nName<0 ){
        nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
      }
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %.*s", nName, zName);
      pColl = 0;
    }
  }

  return pColl;

**     CREATE INDEX
**     DROP INDEX
**     creating ID lists
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.535 2009/05/03 20:23:53 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is called when a new SQL statement is beginning to
** be parsed.  Initialize the pParse structure as needed.
*/
................................................................................
** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
*/
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
  Table *p = 0;
  int i;
  int nName;
  assert( zName!=0 );
  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
    if( zDatabase!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName, nName);
    if( p ) break;
  }
  return p;
................................................................................
** for duplicate index names is done.)  The search order is
** TEMP first, then MAIN, then any auxiliary databases added
** using the ATTACH command.
*/
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDb){
  Index *p = 0;
  int i;
  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;  /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
    Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[j].pSchema;
    if( zDb && sqlite3StrICmp(zDb, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
    assert( pSchema || (j==1 && !db->aDb[1].pBt) );
    if( pSchema ){
      p = sqlite3HashFind(&pSchema->idxHash, zName, nName);
................................................................................
** with the index.
*/
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zIdxName){
  Index *pIndex;
  int len;
  Hash *pHash = &db->aDb[iDb].pSchema->idxHash;

  len = sqlite3Strlen30(zIdxName);
  pIndex = sqlite3HashInsert(pHash, zIdxName, len, 0);
  if( pIndex ){
    if( pIndex->pTable->pIndex==pIndex ){
      pIndex->pTable->pIndex = pIndex->pNext;
    }else{
      Index *p;
      for(p=pIndex->pTable->pIndex; p && p->pNext!=pIndex; p=p->pNext){}
................................................................................
  CollSeq *pColl;

  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, enc, zName, nName, initbusy);
  if( !initbusy && (!pColl || !pColl->xCmp) ){
    pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(db, pColl, zName, nName);
    if( !pColl ){
      if( nName<0 ){
        nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
      }
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %.*s", nName, zName);
      pColl = 0;
    }
  }

  return pColl;

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains functions used to access the internal hash tables
** of user defined functions and collation sequences.
**
** $Id: callback.c,v 1.38 2009/05/02 13:29:38 drh Exp $
*/

#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Invoke the 'collation needed' callback to request a collation sequence
** in the database text encoding of name zName, length nName.
** If the collation sequence
*/
static void callCollNeeded(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int nName){
  assert( !db->xCollNeeded || !db->xCollNeeded16 );
  if( nName<0 ) nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
  if( db->xCollNeeded ){
    char *zExternal = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zName, nName);
    if( !zExternal ) return;
    db->xCollNeeded(db->pCollNeededArg, db, (int)ENC(db), zExternal);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zExternal);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
................................................................................
static CollSeq *findCollSeqEntry(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zName,
  int nName,
  int create
){
  CollSeq *pColl;
  if( nName<0 ) nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
  pColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);

  if( 0==pColl && create ){
    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName + 1 );
    if( pColl ){
      CollSeq *pDel = 0;
      pColl[0].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains functions used to access the internal hash tables
** of user defined functions and collation sequences.
**
** $Id: callback.c,v 1.39 2009/05/03 20:23:53 drh Exp $
*/

#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Invoke the 'collation needed' callback to request a collation sequence
** in the database text encoding of name zName, length nName.
** If the collation sequence
*/
static void callCollNeeded(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int nName){
  assert( !db->xCollNeeded || !db->xCollNeeded16 );
  if( nName<0 ) nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  if( db->xCollNeeded ){
    char *zExternal = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zName, nName);
    if( !zExternal ) return;
    db->xCollNeeded(db->pCollNeededArg, db, (int)ENC(db), zExternal);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zExternal);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
................................................................................
static CollSeq *findCollSeqEntry(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zName,
  int nName,
  int create
){
  CollSeq *pColl;
  if( nName<0 ) nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  pColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName, nName);

  if( 0==pColl && create ){
    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName + 1 );
    if( pColl ){
      CollSeq *pDel = 0;
      pColl[0].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];

** This file contains the C functions that implement date and time
** functions for SQLite.  
**
** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
** All other code has file scope.
**
** $Id: date.c,v 1.106 2009/04/16 12:58:03 drh Exp $
**
** SQLite processes all times and dates as Julian Day numbers.  The
** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
** calendar system. 
**
** 1970-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2440587.5
................................................................................
** as there is a year and date.
*/
static int parseDateOrTime(
  sqlite3_context *context, 
  const char *zDate, 
  DateTime *p
){

  if( parseYyyyMmDd(zDate,p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0){
    setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
    return 0;
  }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(zDate, 0, SQLITE_UTF8) ){
    double r;
    getValue(zDate, &r);
    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
    p->validJD = 1;
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;

** This file contains the C functions that implement date and time
** functions for SQLite.  
**
** There is only one exported symbol in this file - the function
** sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions() found at the bottom of the file.
** All other code has file scope.
**
** $Id: date.c,v 1.107 2009/05/03 20:23:53 drh Exp $
**
** SQLite processes all times and dates as Julian Day numbers.  The
** dates and times are stored as the number of days since noon
** in Greenwich on November 24, 4714 B.C. according to the Gregorian
** calendar system. 
**
** 1970-01-01 00:00:00 is JD 2440587.5
................................................................................
** as there is a year and date.
*/
static int parseDateOrTime(
  sqlite3_context *context, 
  const char *zDate, 
  DateTime *p
){
  int isRealNum;    /* Return from sqlite3IsNumber().  Not used */
  if( parseYyyyMmDd(zDate,p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0){
    setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
    return 0;
  }else if( sqlite3IsNumber(zDate, &isRealNum, SQLITE_UTF8) ){
    double r;
    getValue(zDate, &r);
    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
    p->validJD = 1;
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;

**
*************************************************************************
** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
** accessed by users of the library.
**
** $Id: main.c,v 1.545 2009/05/02 13:29:38 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
# include "fts3.h"
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
................................................................................

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  if( zFunctionName==0 ||
      (xFunc && (xFinal || xStep)) || 
      (!xFunc && (xFinal && !xStep)) ||
      (!xFunc && (!xFinal && xStep)) ||
      (nArg<-1 || nArg>SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG) ||
      (255<(nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zFunctionName))) ){
    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "bad parameters");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
  /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
  ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
................................................................................
** properly.
*/
int sqlite3_overload_function(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zName,
  int nArg
){
  int nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
  int rc;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, nName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)==0 ){
    sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
                      0, sqlite3InvalidFunction, 0, 0);
  }
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_OK);
................................................................................
    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  }

  /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation 
  ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
  ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
  */
  nName = sqlite3Strlen(db, zName);
  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, nName, 0);
  if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
    if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
        "unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
      return SQLITE_BUSY;
    }

**
*************************************************************************
** Main file for the SQLite library.  The routines in this file
** implement the programmer interface to the library.  Routines in
** other files are for internal use by SQLite and should not be
** accessed by users of the library.
**
** $Id: main.c,v 1.546 2009/05/03 20:23:53 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
# include "fts3.h"
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
................................................................................

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  if( zFunctionName==0 ||
      (xFunc && (xFinal || xStep)) || 
      (!xFunc && (xFinal && !xStep)) ||
      (!xFunc && (!xFinal && xStep)) ||
      (nArg<-1 || nArg>SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG) ||
      (255<(nName = sqlite3Strlen30( zFunctionName))) ){
    sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_ERROR, "bad parameters");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
  /* If SQLITE_UTF16 is specified as the encoding type, transform this
  ** to one of SQLITE_UTF16LE or SQLITE_UTF16BE using the
................................................................................
** properly.
*/
int sqlite3_overload_function(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zName,
  int nArg
){
  int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  int rc;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  if( sqlite3FindFunction(db, zName, nName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8, 0)==0 ){
    sqlite3CreateFunc(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8,
                      0, sqlite3InvalidFunction, 0, 0);
  }
  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, SQLITE_OK);
................................................................................
    return SQLITE_MISUSE;
  }

  /* Check if this call is removing or replacing an existing collation 
  ** sequence. If so, and there are active VMs, return busy. If there
  ** are no active VMs, invalidate any pre-compiled statements.
  */
  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
  pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, (u8)enc2, zName, nName, 0);
  if( pColl && pColl->xCmp ){
    if( db->activeVdbeCnt ){
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_BUSY, 
        "unable to delete/modify collation sequence due to active statements");
      return SQLITE_BUSY;
    }

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** Memory allocation functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** $Id: malloc.c,v 1.61 2009/03/24 15:08:10 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>

/*
** This routine runs when the memory allocator sees that the
** total memory allocation is about to exceed the soft heap
................................................................................
*/
char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
  char *zNew;
  size_t n;
  if( z==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  n = (db ? sqlite3Strlen(db, z) : sqlite3Strlen30(z))+1;
  assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (int)n);
  if( zNew ){
    memcpy(zNew, z, n);
  }
  return zNew;
}

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** Memory allocation functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** $Id: malloc.c,v 1.62 2009/05/03 20:23:54 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>

/*
** This routine runs when the memory allocator sees that the
** total memory allocation is about to exceed the soft heap
................................................................................
*/
char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
  char *zNew;
  size_t n;
  if( z==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  n = sqlite3Strlen30(z) + 1;
  assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (int)n);
  if( zNew ){
    memcpy(zNew, z, n);
  }
  return zNew;
}

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.511 2009/05/01 21:13:37 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
** the select structure itself.
................................................................................
        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%T", pToken);
      }
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
      break;
    }
    sqlite3Dequote(zName);

    /* Make sure the column name is unique.  If the name is not unique,
    ** append a integer to the name so that it becomes unique.
    */
    nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
    for(j=cnt=0; j<i; j++){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(aCol[j].zName, zName)==0 ){

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.512 2009/05/03 20:23:54 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"


/*
** Delete all the content of a Select structure but do not deallocate
** the select structure itself.
................................................................................
        zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%T", pToken);
      }
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
      break;
    }


    /* Make sure the column name is unique.  If the name is not unique,
    ** append a integer to the name so that it becomes unique.
    */
    nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
    for(j=cnt=0; j<i; j++){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(aCol[j].zName, zName)==0 ){

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.866 2009/05/02 13:29:38 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
#define _SQLITEINT_H_

/*
** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
** autoconf-based build
................................................................................

/*
** Internal function prototypes
*/
int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *, const char *);
int sqlite3StrNICmp(const char *, const char *, int);
int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, u8);
int sqlite3Strlen(sqlite3*, const char*);
int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);

int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
void *sqlite3Malloc(int);
void *sqlite3MallocZero(int);
void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, int);

**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Internal interface definitions for SQLite.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqliteInt.h,v 1.867 2009/05/03 20:23:54 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
#define _SQLITEINT_H_

/*
** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
** autoconf-based build
................................................................................

/*
** Internal function prototypes
*/
int sqlite3StrICmp(const char *, const char *);
int sqlite3StrNICmp(const char *, const char *, int);
int sqlite3IsNumber(const char*, int*, u8);

int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);

int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
void *sqlite3Malloc(int);
void *sqlite3MallocZero(int);
void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, int);

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Code for testing all sorts of SQLite interfaces.  This code
** is not included in the SQLite library.  It is used for automated
** testing of the SQLite library.
**
** $Id: test1.c,v 1.352 2009/04/28 15:35:39 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "tcl.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
................................................................................
  }
  z = sqlite3_mprintf(argv[1], a[0], a[1], a[2]);
  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, z, 0);
  sqlite3_free(z);
  return TCL_OK;
}

/*
** If zNum represents an integer that will fit in 64-bits, then set
** *pValue to that integer and return true.  Otherwise return false.
*/
static int sqlite3GetInt64(const char *zNum, i64 *pValue){
  if( sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(zNum, 0) ){
    sqlite3Atoi64(zNum, pValue);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Usage:  sqlite3_mprintf_int64 FORMAT INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER
**
** Call mprintf with three 64-bit integer arguments
*/
static int sqlite3_mprintf_int64(
  void *NotUsed,
................................................................................
  char *z;
  if( argc!=5 ){
    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"", argv[0],
       " FORMAT INT INT INT\"", 0);
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  for(i=2; i<5; i++){
    if( !sqlite3GetInt64(argv[i], &a[i-2]) ){
      Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "argument is not a valid 64-bit integer", 0);
      return TCL_ERROR;
    }
  }
  z = sqlite3_mprintf(argv[1], a[0], a[1], a[2]);
  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, z, 0);
  sqlite3_free(z);

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** Code for testing all sorts of SQLite interfaces.  This code
** is not included in the SQLite library.  It is used for automated
** testing of the SQLite library.
**
** $Id: test1.c,v 1.353 2009/05/03 20:23:54 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "tcl.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/*
................................................................................
  }
  z = sqlite3_mprintf(argv[1], a[0], a[1], a[2]);
  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, z, 0);
  sqlite3_free(z);
  return TCL_OK;
}













/*
** Usage:  sqlite3_mprintf_int64 FORMAT INTEGER INTEGER INTEGER
**
** Call mprintf with three 64-bit integer arguments
*/
static int sqlite3_mprintf_int64(
  void *NotUsed,
................................................................................
  char *z;
  if( argc!=5 ){
    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"", argv[0],
       " FORMAT INT INT INT\"", 0);
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  for(i=2; i<5; i++){
    if( !sqlite3Atoi64(argv[i], &a[i-2]) ){
      Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "argument is not a valid 64-bit integer", 0);
      return TCL_ERROR;
    }
  }
  z = sqlite3_mprintf(argv[1], a[0], a[1], a[2]);
  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, z, 0);
  sqlite3_free(z);

**
*************************************************************************
** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
** strings, and stuff like that.
**
** $Id: util.c,v 1.252 2009/05/01 21:13:37 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <math.h>

/*
** Routine needed to support the testcase() macro.
................................................................................
/*
** Return true if the floating point value is Not a Number (NaN).
**
** Use the math library isnan() function if compiled with SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.
** Otherwise, we have our own implementation that works on most systems.
*/
int sqlite3IsNaN(double x){

#if !defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN)
  /*
  ** Systems that support the isnan() library function should probably
  ** make use of it by compiling with -DSQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.  But we have
  ** found that many systems do not have a working isnan() function so
  ** this implementation is provided as an alternative.
  **
................................................................................
  **      ...
  */
#ifdef __FAST_MATH__
# error SQLite will not work correctly with the -ffast-math option of GCC.
#endif
  volatile double y = x;
  volatile double z = y;
  return y!=z;
#else  /* if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN) */
  return isnan(x);
#endif /* SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN */


}

/*
** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.




*/
int sqlite3Strlen30(const char *z){
  const char *z2 = z;
  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
  return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
}

/*
** Return the length of a string, except do not allow the string length
** to exceed the SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH setting.
*/
int sqlite3Strlen(sqlite3 *db, const char *z){
  const char *z2 = z;
  int len;
  int x;
  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
  x = (int)(z2 - z);
  len = 0x7fffffff & x;
  if( len!=x || len > db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    return db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH];
  }else{
    return len;
  }
}

/*
** Set the most recent error code and error string for the sqlite
** handle "db". The error code is set to "err_code".
**
** If it is not NULL, string zFormat specifies the format of the
** error string in the style of the printf functions: The following
** format characters are allowed:
................................................................................
** Function sqlite3Error() should be used during statement execution
** (sqlite3_step() etc.).
*/
void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  pParse->nErr++;

  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  pParse->zErrMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
................................................................................
  switch( quote ){
    case '\'':  break;
    case '"':   break;
    case '`':   break;                /* For MySQL compatibility */
    case '[':   quote = ']';  break;  /* For MS SqlServer compatibility */
    default:    return -1;
  }
  for(i=1, j=0; z[i]; i++){
    if( z[i]==quote ){
      if( z[i+1]==quote ){
        z[j++] = quote;
        i++;
      }else{
        break;
      }
................................................................................
  a = (unsigned char *)zLeft;
  b = (unsigned char *)zRight;
  while( N-- > 0 && *a!=0 && UpperToLower[*a]==UpperToLower[*b]){ a++; b++; }
  return N<0 ? 0 : UpperToLower[*a] - UpperToLower[*b];
}

/*
** Return TRUE if z is a pure numeric string.  Return FALSE if the
** string contains any character which is not part of a number. If



** the string is numeric and contains the '.' character, set *realnum
** to TRUE (otherwise FALSE).



**
** An empty string is considered non-numeric.
*/
int sqlite3IsNumber(const char *z, int *realnum, u8 enc){
  int incr = (enc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2);
  if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE ) z++;
  if( *z=='-' || *z=='+' ) z += incr;
  if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
    return 0;
  }
  z += incr;
  if( realnum ) *realnum = 0;
  while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
  if( *z=='.' ){
    z += incr;
    if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
    if( realnum ) *realnum = 1;
  }
  if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
    z += incr;
    if( *z=='+' || *z=='-' ) z += incr;
    if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
    if( realnum ) *realnum = 1;
  }
  return *z==0;
}

/*
** The string z[] is an ascii representation of a real number.
** Convert this string to a double.
................................................................................
    ** or 9223372036854775808 if negative.  Note that 9223372036854665808
    ** is 2^63. */
    return compare2pow63(zNum)<neg;
  }
}

/*
** The string zNum represents an integer.  There might be some other
** information following the integer too, but that part is ignored.
** If the integer that the prefix of zNum represents will fit in a
** 64-bit signed integer, return TRUE.  Otherwise return FALSE.
**
** This routine returns FALSE for the string -9223372036854775808 even that
** that number will, in theory fit in a 64-bit integer.  Positive
** 9223373036854775808 will not fit in 64 bits.  So it seems safer to return


** false.

*/
int sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(const char *zNum, int negFlag){
  int i, c;
  int neg = 0;
  if( *zNum=='-' ){

    neg = 1;
    zNum++;
  }else if( *zNum=='+' ){
    zNum++;
  }
  if( negFlag ) neg = 1-neg;
  while( *zNum=='0' ){
    zNum++;   /* Skip leading zeros.  Ticket #2454 */
  }
  for(i=0; (c=zNum[i])>='0' && c<='9'; i++){}
  if( i<19 ){
    /* Guaranteed to fit if less than 19 digits */
................................................................................
** A MACRO version, getVarint32, is provided which inlines the 
** single-byte case.  All code should use the MACRO version as 
** this function assumes the single-byte case has already been handled.
*/
u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
  u32 a,b;



  a = *p;
  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
#ifndef getVarint32
  if (!(a&0x80))
  {

    *v = a;
    return 1;
  }
#endif


  p++;
  b = *p;
  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
  if (!(b&0x80))
  {

    a &= 0x7f;
    a = a<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 2;
  }


  p++;
  a = a<<14;
  a |= *p;
  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
  if (!(a&0x80))
  {

    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    b &= 0x7f;
    b = b<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 3;
  }



























  p++;
  b = b<<14;
  b |= *p;
  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
  if (!(b&0x80))
  {

    b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    a = a<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 4;
  }

  p++;
  a = a<<14;
  a |= *p;
  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
  if (!(a&0x80))
  {

    a &= (0x1f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    b &= (0x1f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    b = b<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 5;
  }

................................................................................

    p -= 4;
    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
    assert( n>5 && n<=9 );
    *v = (u32)v64;
    return n;
  }

}

/*
** Return the number of bytes that will be needed to store the given
** 64-bit integer.
*/
int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v){
  int i = 0;
  do{
    i++;
    v >>= 7;
  }while( v!=0 && i<9 );
  return i;
}


/*
** Read or write a four-byte big-endian integer value.
*/
................................................................................
** open properly and is not fit for general use but which can be
** used as an argument to sqlite3_errmsg() or sqlite3_close().
*/
int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3 *db){
  u32 magic;
  if( db==0 ) return 0;
  magic = db->magic;
  if( magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN &&

      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY ) return 0;




  return 1;

}
int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3 *db){
  u32 magic;
  if( db==0 ) return 0;
  magic = db->magic;
  if( magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK &&
      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN &&
      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY ) return 0;
  return 1;
}

**
*************************************************************************
** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
** strings, and stuff like that.
**
** $Id: util.c,v 1.253 2009/05/03 20:23:54 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <math.h>

/*
** Routine needed to support the testcase() macro.
................................................................................
/*
** Return true if the floating point value is Not a Number (NaN).
**
** Use the math library isnan() function if compiled with SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.
** Otherwise, we have our own implementation that works on most systems.
*/
int sqlite3IsNaN(double x){
  int rc;   /* The value return */
#if !defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN)
  /*
  ** Systems that support the isnan() library function should probably
  ** make use of it by compiling with -DSQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.  But we have
  ** found that many systems do not have a working isnan() function so
  ** this implementation is provided as an alternative.
  **
................................................................................
  **      ...
  */
#ifdef __FAST_MATH__
# error SQLite will not work correctly with the -ffast-math option of GCC.
#endif
  volatile double y = x;
  volatile double z = y;
  rc = (y!=z);
#else  /* if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN) */
  rc = isnan(x);
#endif /* SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN */
  testcase( rc );
  return rc;
}

/*
** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.
**
** The value returned will never be negative.  Nor will it ever be greater
** than the actual length of the string.  For very long strings (greater
** than 1GiB) the value returned might be less than the true string length.
*/
int sqlite3Strlen30(const char *z){
  const char *z2 = z;
  while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
  return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
}



















/*
** Set the most recent error code and error string for the sqlite
** handle "db". The error code is set to "err_code".
**
** If it is not NULL, string zFormat specifies the format of the
** error string in the style of the printf functions: The following
** format characters are allowed:
................................................................................
** Function sqlite3Error() should be used during statement execution
** (sqlite3_step() etc.).
*/
void sqlite3ErrorMsg(Parse *pParse, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  pParse->nErr++;
  testcase( pParse->zErrMsg!=0 );
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->zErrMsg);
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  pParse->zErrMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf(db, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
................................................................................
  switch( quote ){
    case '\'':  break;
    case '"':   break;
    case '`':   break;                /* For MySQL compatibility */
    case '[':   quote = ']';  break;  /* For MS SqlServer compatibility */
    default:    return -1;
  }
  for(i=1, j=0; ALWAYS(z[i]); i++){
    if( z[i]==quote ){
      if( z[i+1]==quote ){
        z[j++] = quote;
        i++;
      }else{
        break;
      }
................................................................................
  a = (unsigned char *)zLeft;
  b = (unsigned char *)zRight;
  while( N-- > 0 && *a!=0 && UpperToLower[*a]==UpperToLower[*b]){ a++; b++; }
  return N<0 ? 0 : UpperToLower[*a] - UpperToLower[*b];
}

/*
** Return TRUE if z is a pure numeric string.  Return FALSE and leave
** *realnum unchanged if the string contains any character which is not
** part of a number.
**
** If the string is pure numeric, set *realnum to TRUE if the string
** contains the '.' character or an "E+000" style exponentiation suffix.

** Otherwise set *realnum to FALSE.  Note that just becaue *realnum is
** false does not mean that the number can be successfully converted into
** an integer - it might be too big.
**
** An empty string is considered non-numeric.
*/
int sqlite3IsNumber(const char *z, int *realnum, u8 enc){
  int incr = (enc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2);
  if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE ) z++;
  if( *z=='-' || *z=='+' ) z += incr;
  if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){
    return 0;
  }
  z += incr;
  *realnum = 0;
  while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
  if( *z=='.' ){
    z += incr;
    if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
    *realnum = 1;
  }
  if( *z=='e' || *z=='E' ){
    z += incr;
    if( *z=='+' || *z=='-' ) z += incr;
    if( !sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) return 0;
    while( sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z += incr; }
    *realnum = 1;
  }
  return *z==0;
}

/*
** The string z[] is an ascii representation of a real number.
** Convert this string to a double.
................................................................................
    ** or 9223372036854775808 if negative.  Note that 9223372036854665808
    ** is 2^63. */
    return compare2pow63(zNum)<neg;
  }
}

/*
** The string zNum represents an unsigned integer.  There might be some other
** information following the integer too, but that part is ignored.
** If the integer that the prefix of zNum represents will fit in a
** 64-bit signed integer, return TRUE.  Otherwise return FALSE.
**
** If the negFlag parameter is true, that means that zNum really represents
** a negative number.  (The leading "-" is omitted from zNum.)  This
** parameter is needed to determine a boundary case.  A string
** of "9223373036854775808" returns false if negFlag is false or true
** if negFlag is true.
**
** Leading zeros are ignored.
*/
int sqlite3FitsIn64Bits(const char *zNum, int negFlag){
  int i, c;
  int neg = 0;


  assert( zNum[0]>='0' && zNum[0]<='9' ); /* zNum is an unsigned number */




  if( negFlag ) neg = 1-neg;
  while( *zNum=='0' ){
    zNum++;   /* Skip leading zeros.  Ticket #2454 */
  }
  for(i=0; (c=zNum[i])>='0' && c<='9'; i++){}
  if( i<19 ){
    /* Guaranteed to fit if less than 19 digits */
................................................................................
** A MACRO version, getVarint32, is provided which inlines the 
** single-byte case.  All code should use the MACRO version as 
** this function assumes the single-byte case has already been handled.
*/
u8 sqlite3GetVarint32(const unsigned char *p, u32 *v){
  u32 a,b;

  /* The 1-byte case.  Overwhelmingly the most common.  Handled inline
  ** by the getVarin32() macro */
  a = *p;
  /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
#ifndef getVarint32
  if (!(a&0x80))
  {
    /* Values between 0 and 127 */
    *v = a;
    return 1;
  }
#endif

  /* The 2-byte case */
  p++;
  b = *p;
  /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
  if (!(b&0x80))
  {
    /* Values between 128 and 16383 */
    a &= 0x7f;
    a = a<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 2;
  }

  /* The 3-byte case */
  p++;
  a = a<<14;
  a |= *p;
  /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
  if (!(a&0x80))
  {
    /* Values between 16384 and 2097151 */
    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    b &= 0x7f;
    b = b<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 3;
  }

  /* A 32-bit varint is used to store size information in btrees.
  ** Objects are rarely larger than 2MiB limit of a 3-byte varint.
  ** A 3-byte varint is sufficient, for example, to record the size
  ** of a 1048569-byte BLOB or string.
  **
  ** We only unroll the first 1-, 2-, and 3- byte cases.  The very
  ** rare larger cases can be handled by the slower 64-bit varint
  ** routine.
  */
#if 1
  {
    u64 v64;
    u8 n;

    p -= 2;
    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
    assert( n>3 && n<=9 );
    *v = (u32)v64;
    return n;
  }

#else
  /* For following code (kept for historical record only) shows an
  ** unrolling for the 3- and 4-byte varint cases.  This code is
  ** slightly faster, but it is also larger and much harder to test.
  */
  p++;
  b = b<<14;
  b |= *p;
  /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
  if (!(b&0x80))
  {
    /* Values between 2097152 and 268435455 */
    b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    a = a<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 4;
  }

  p++;
  a = a<<14;
  a |= *p;
  /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
  if (!(a&0x80))
  {
    /* Walues  between 268435456 and 34359738367 */
    a &= (0x1f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    b &= (0x1f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f);
    b = b<<7;
    *v = a | b;
    return 5;
  }

................................................................................

    p -= 4;
    n = sqlite3GetVarint(p, &v64);
    assert( n>5 && n<=9 );
    *v = (u32)v64;
    return n;
  }
#endif
}

/*
** Return the number of bytes that will be needed to store the given
** 64-bit integer.
*/
int sqlite3VarintLen(u64 v){
  int i = 0;
  do{
    i++;
    v >>= 7;
  }while( v!=0 && ALWAYS(i<9) );
  return i;
}


/*
** Read or write a four-byte big-endian integer value.
*/
................................................................................
** open properly and is not fit for general use but which can be
** used as an argument to sqlite3_errmsg() or sqlite3_close().
*/
int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3 *db){
  u32 magic;
  if( db==0 ) return 0;
  magic = db->magic;
  if( magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN 
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     && magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY
#endif
  ){
    return 0;
  }else{
    return 1;
  }
}
int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3 *db){
  u32 magic;

  magic = db->magic;
  if( magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK &&
      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN &&
      magic!=SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY ) return 0;
  return 1;
}