** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**
** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation



** and the [xColumn] method had previously queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()]
** for that column and returned a NULL as a result.



**
** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
**

** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
**
** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column

** was unchanging).  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
**
** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
**

#define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
#define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
#define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
#define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
#define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
#define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
#define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */


/*
 * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
 * struct Trigger.
 *
 * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
 * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the

#define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
#define OPFLAG_SEEKEQ        0x02    /* OP_Open** cursor uses EQ seek only */
#define OPFLAG_FORDELETE     0x08    /* OP_Open should use BTREE_FORDELETE */
#define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x10    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
#define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
#define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
#define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
#define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */

/*
 * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
 * struct Trigger.
 *
 * Pointers to instances of struct Trigger are stored in two ways.
 * 1. In the "trigHash" hash table (part of the sqlite3* that represents the

  /* Populate the argument registers. */
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, regArg+2+i);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, i, regArg+2+i);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
    }
  }
  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
    if( pRowid ){
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
    }else{
................................................................................
    if( sqlite3IsToplevel(pParse) ){
      pParse->isMultiWrite = 0;
    }
  }else{
    /* Create a record from the argument register contents and insert it into
    ** the ephemeral table. */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regArg, nArg, regRec);



    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 2);

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, ephemTab, regRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, ephemTab, regRec, regRowid);
  }


  if( bOnePass==0 ){
    /* End the virtual table scan */

  /* Populate the argument registers. */
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, regArg+2+i);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, i, regArg+2+i);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1); /* Enable sqlite3_vtab_nochange() */
    }
  }
  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
    if( pRowid ){
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
    }else{
................................................................................
    if( sqlite3IsToplevel(pParse) ){
      pParse->isMultiWrite = 0;
    }
  }else{
    /* Create a record from the argument register contents and insert it into
    ** the ephemeral table. */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regArg, nArg, regRec);
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* Signal an assert() within OP_MakeRecord that it is allowed to
    ** accept no-change records with serial_type 10 */
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC);
#endif
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, ephemTab, regRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, ephemTab, regRec, regRowid);
  }


  if( bOnePass==0 ){
    /* End the virtual table scan */

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
  */
  pRec = pLast;
  do{
    assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
    pRec->uTemp = serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
      if( serial_type==0 ){






        assert( pOp->p5==2 || CORRUPT_DB );
        /* serial_type 10 used internally only */
        pRec->uTemp = 10;
      }else if( nData ){
        if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec) ) goto no_mem;
      }else{
        nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
        len -= pRec->u.nZero;
      }
    }
    nData += len;
    testcase( serial_type==127 );
    testcase( serial_type==128 );
    nHdr += serial_type<=127 ? 1 : sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);

    if( pRec==pData0 ) break;
    pRec--;
  }while(1);

  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-22564-11647 The header begins with a single varint
  ** which determines the total number of bytes in the header. The varint
  ** value is the size of the header in bytes including the size varint

  /* Loop through the elements that will make up the record to figure
  ** out how much space is required for the new record.
  */
  pRec = pLast;
  do{
    assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
    if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
      if( serial_type==0 ){
        /* Values with MEM_Null and MEM_Zero are created by xColumn virtual
        ** table methods that never invoke sqlite3_result_xxxxx() while
        ** computing an unchanging column value in an UPDATE statement.
        ** Give such values a special internal-use-only serial-type of 10
        ** so that they can be passed through to xUpdate and have
        ** a true sqlite3_value_nochange(). */
        assert( pOp->p5==OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC || CORRUPT_DB );
        serial_type = 10;

      }else if( nData ){
        if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec) ) goto no_mem;
      }else{
        nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
        len -= pRec->u.nZero;
      }
    }
    nData += len;
    testcase( serial_type==127 );
    testcase( serial_type==128 );
    nHdr += serial_type<=127 ? 1 : sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
    pRec->uTemp = serial_type;
    if( pRec==pData0 ) break;
    pRec--;
  }while(1);

  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-22564-11647 The header begins with a single varint
  ** which determines the total number of bytes in the header. The varint
  ** value is the size of the header in bytes including the size varint