** The pager is used to access a database disk file.  It implements
** atomic commit and rollback through the use of a journal file that
** is separate from the database file.  The pager also implements file
** locking to prevent two processes from writing the same database
** file simultaneously, or one process from reading the database while
** another is writing.
**
** @(#) $Id: pager.c,v 1.260 2006/02/24 03:09:37 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
................................................................................
** The following two macros are used within the TRACEX() macros above
** to print out file-descriptors. 
**
** PAGERID() takes a pointer to a Pager struct as it's argument. The
** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an OsFile
** struct as it's argument.
*/
#define PAGERID(p) FILEHANDLEID(&(p)->fd)
#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) (sqlite3OsFileHandle(&fd))

/*
** The page cache as a whole is always in one of the following
** states:
**
**   PAGER_UNLOCK        The page cache is not currently reading or 
**                       writing the database file.  There is no
................................................................................
  u8 *pStmt;     /* Text as it was at the beginning of the current statement */
};

/*
** A macro used for invoking the codec if there is one
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
# define CODEC(P,D,N,X) if( P->xCodec ){ P->xCodec(P->pCodecArg,D,N,X); }

#else
# define CODEC(P,D,N,X)

#endif

/*
** Convert a pointer to a PgHdr into a pointer to its data
** and back again.
*/
#define PGHDR_TO_DATA(P)  ((void*)(&(P)[1]))
................................................................................
  int sectorSize;             /* Assumed sector size during rollback */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  int nHit, nMiss, nOvfl;     /* Cache hits, missing, and LRU overflows */
  int nRead,nWrite;           /* Database pages read/written */
#endif
  void (*xDestructor)(void*,int); /* Call this routine when freeing pages */
  void (*xReiniter)(void*,int);   /* Call this routine when reloading pages */
  void (*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int); /* Routine for en/decoding data */
  void *pCodecArg;            /* First argument to xCodec() */
  PgHdr *aHash[N_PG_HASH];    /* Hash table to map page number to PgHdr */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
  Pager *pNext;               /* Linked list of pagers in this thread */
#endif
};

................................................................................
*/
static int write32bits(OsFile *fd, u32 val){
  char ac[4];
  put32bits(ac, val);
  return sqlite3OsWrite(fd, ac, 4);
}

/*
** Write the 32-bit integer 'val' into the page identified by page header
** 'p' at offset 'offset'.
*/
static void store32bits(u32 val, PgHdr *p, int offset){
  char *ac;
  ac = &((char*)PGHDR_TO_DATA(p))[offset];
  put32bits(ac, val);
}

/*
** Read a 32-bit integer at offset 'offset' from the page identified by
** page header 'p'.
*/
static u32 retrieve32bits(PgHdr *p, int offset){
  unsigned char *ac;
  ac = &((unsigned char*)PGHDR_TO_DATA(p))[offset];
................................................................................
    memcpy(pData, aData, pPager->pageSize);
    if( pPager->xDestructor ){  /*** FIX ME:  Should this be xReinit? ***/
      pPager->xDestructor(pData, pPager->pageSize);
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
#endif
    CODEC(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 3);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Parameter zMaster is the name of a master journal file. A single journal
** file that referred to the master journal file has just been rolled back.
................................................................................
    if( (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize ){
      rc = sqlite3OsSeek(pPager->fd, pPager->pageSize*(i64)(pPg->pgno-1));
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, zBuf, pPager->pageSize);
      }
      TRACE3("REFETCH %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
      if( rc ) break;
      CODEC(pPager, zBuf, pPg->pgno, 2);
    }else{
      memset(zBuf, 0, pPager->pageSize);
    }
    if( pPg->nRef==0 || memcmp(zBuf, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize) ){
      memcpy(PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), zBuf, pPager->pageSize);
      if( pPager->xReiniter ){
        pPager->xReiniter(PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
................................................................................
    if( rc ) return rc;
    /* If there are dirty pages in the page cache with page numbers greater
    ** than Pager.dbSize, this means sqlite3pager_truncate() was called to
    ** make the file smaller (presumably by auto-vacuum code). Do not write
    ** any such pages to the file.
    */
    if( pList->pgno<=pPager->dbSize ){
      CODEC(pPager, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pList), pList->pgno, 6);
      TRACE3("STORE %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pList->pgno);
      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pList),
                             pPager->pageSize);
      CODEC(pPager, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pList), pList->pgno, 0);
      TEST_INCR(pPager->nWrite);
    }
#ifndef NDEBUG
    else{
      TRACE3("NOSTORE %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pList->pgno);
    }
#endif
................................................................................
      assert( MEMDB==0 );
      rc = sqlite3OsSeek(pPager->fd, (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg),
                              pPager->pageSize);
      }
      TRACE3("FETCH %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
      CODEC(pPager, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPg->pgno, 3);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        i64 fileSize;
        int rc2 = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &fileSize);
        if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK || fileSize>=pgno*pPager->pageSize ){
	  /* An IO error occured in one of the the sqlite3OsSeek() or
          ** sqlite3OsRead() calls above. */
          pPg->pgno = 0;
................................................................................
    /* The transaction journal now exists and we have a RESERVED or an
    ** EXCLUSIVE lock on the main database file.  Write the current page to
    ** the transaction journal if it is not there already.
    */
    if( !pPg->inJournal && (pPager->useJournal || MEMDB) ){
      if( (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize ){
        int szPg;
        u32 saved;
        if( MEMDB ){
          PgHistory *pHist = PGHDR_TO_HIST(pPg, pPager);
          TRACE3("JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
          assert( pHist->pOrig==0 );
          pHist->pOrig = sqliteMallocRaw( pPager->pageSize );
          if( pHist->pOrig ){
            memcpy(pHist->pOrig, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
          }
        }else{
          u32 cksum;

          /* We should never write to the journal file the page that
          ** contains the database locks.  The following assert verifies
          ** that we do not. */
          assert( pPg->pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
          CODEC(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7);
          cksum = pager_cksum(pPager, pData);
          saved = *(u32*)PGHDR_TO_EXTRA(pPg, pPager);
          store32bits(cksum, pPg, pPager->pageSize);
          szPg = pPager->pageSize+8;
          store32bits(pPg->pgno, pPg, -4);

          rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, &((char*)pData)[-4], szPg);

          pPager->journalOff += szPg;
          TRACE4("JOURNAL %d page %d needSync=%d\n",
                  PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, pPg->needSync);
          CODEC(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 0);
          *(u32*)PGHDR_TO_EXTRA(pPg, pPager) = saved;

	  /* An error has occured writing to the journal file. The 
          ** transaction will be rolled back by the layer above.
          */
          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
            return rc;
          }
................................................................................
        assert( pHist->pStmt==0 );
        pHist->pStmt = sqliteMallocRaw( pPager->pageSize );
        if( pHist->pStmt ){
          memcpy(pHist->pStmt, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
        }
        TRACE3("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
      }else{
        store32bits(pPg->pgno, pPg, -4);
        CODEC(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7);

        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->stfd,((char*)pData)-4,
                               pPager->pageSize+4);
        TRACE3("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
        CODEC(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 0);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          return rc;
        }
        pPager->stmtNRec++;
        assert( pPager->aInStmt!=0 );
        pPager->aInStmt[pPg->pgno/8] |= 1<<(pPg->pgno&7);
      }
................................................................................
}

/*
** Set the codec for this pager
*/
void sqlite3pager_set_codec(
  Pager *pPager,
  void (*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int),
  void *pCodecArg
){
  pPager->xCodec = xCodec;
  pPager->pCodecArg = pCodecArg;
}

/*
................................................................................

  /* Read the current value at byte 24. */
  pPgHdr = DATA_TO_PGHDR(pPage);
  change_counter = retrieve32bits(pPgHdr, 24);

  /* Increment the value just read and write it back to byte 24. */
  change_counter++;
  store32bits(change_counter, pPgHdr, 24);

  /* Release the page reference. */
  sqlite3pager_unref(pPage);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

** The pager is used to access a database disk file.  It implements
** atomic commit and rollback through the use of a journal file that
** is separate from the database file.  The pager also implements file
** locking to prevent two processes from writing the same database
** file simultaneously, or one process from reading the database while
** another is writing.
**
** @(#) $Id: pager.c,v 1.261 2006/03/06 18:23:17 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "os.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
................................................................................
** The following two macros are used within the TRACEX() macros above
** to print out file-descriptors. 
**
** PAGERID() takes a pointer to a Pager struct as it's argument. The
** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an OsFile
** struct as it's argument.
*/
#define PAGERID(p) ((int)(p->fd))
#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) ((int)fd)

/*
** The page cache as a whole is always in one of the following
** states:
**
**   PAGER_UNLOCK        The page cache is not currently reading or 
**                       writing the database file.  There is no
................................................................................
  u8 *pStmt;     /* Text as it was at the beginning of the current statement */
};

/*
** A macro used for invoking the codec if there is one
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X) if( P->xCodec!=0 ){ P->xCodec(P->pCodecArg,D,N,X); }
# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X) ((char*)(P->xCodec!=0?P->xCodec(P->pCodecArg,D,N,X):D))
#else
# define CODEC1(P,D,N,X) /* NO-OP */
# define CODEC2(P,D,N,X) ((char*)D)
#endif

/*
** Convert a pointer to a PgHdr into a pointer to its data
** and back again.
*/
#define PGHDR_TO_DATA(P)  ((void*)(&(P)[1]))
................................................................................
  int sectorSize;             /* Assumed sector size during rollback */
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  int nHit, nMiss, nOvfl;     /* Cache hits, missing, and LRU overflows */
  int nRead,nWrite;           /* Database pages read/written */
#endif
  void (*xDestructor)(void*,int); /* Call this routine when freeing pages */
  void (*xReiniter)(void*,int);   /* Call this routine when reloading pages */
  void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int); /* Routine for en/decoding data */
  void *pCodecArg;            /* First argument to xCodec() */
  PgHdr *aHash[N_PG_HASH];    /* Hash table to map page number to PgHdr */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
  Pager *pNext;               /* Linked list of pagers in this thread */
#endif
};

................................................................................
*/
static int write32bits(OsFile *fd, u32 val){
  char ac[4];
  put32bits(ac, val);
  return sqlite3OsWrite(fd, ac, 4);
}











/*
** Read a 32-bit integer at offset 'offset' from the page identified by
** page header 'p'.
*/
static u32 retrieve32bits(PgHdr *p, int offset){
  unsigned char *ac;
  ac = &((unsigned char*)PGHDR_TO_DATA(p))[offset];
................................................................................
    memcpy(pData, aData, pPager->pageSize);
    if( pPager->xDestructor ){  /*** FIX ME:  Should this be xReinit? ***/
      pPager->xDestructor(pData, pPager->pageSize);
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
    pPg->pageHash = pager_pagehash(pPg);
#endif
    CODEC1(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 3);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Parameter zMaster is the name of a master journal file. A single journal
** file that referred to the master journal file has just been rolled back.
................................................................................
    if( (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize ){
      rc = sqlite3OsSeek(pPager->fd, pPager->pageSize*(i64)(pPg->pgno-1));
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, zBuf, pPager->pageSize);
      }
      TRACE3("REFETCH %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
      if( rc ) break;
      CODEC1(pPager, zBuf, pPg->pgno, 2);
    }else{
      memset(zBuf, 0, pPager->pageSize);
    }
    if( pPg->nRef==0 || memcmp(zBuf, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize) ){
      memcpy(PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), zBuf, pPager->pageSize);
      if( pPager->xReiniter ){
        pPager->xReiniter(PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
................................................................................
    if( rc ) return rc;
    /* If there are dirty pages in the page cache with page numbers greater
    ** than Pager.dbSize, this means sqlite3pager_truncate() was called to
    ** make the file smaller (presumably by auto-vacuum code). Do not write
    ** any such pages to the file.
    */
    if( pList->pgno<=pPager->dbSize ){
      char *pData = CODEC2(pPager, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pList), pList->pgno, 6);
      TRACE3("STORE %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pList->pgno);
      rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->fd, pData, pPager->pageSize);


      TEST_INCR(pPager->nWrite);
    }
#ifndef NDEBUG
    else{
      TRACE3("NOSTORE %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pList->pgno);
    }
#endif
................................................................................
      assert( MEMDB==0 );
      rc = sqlite3OsSeek(pPager->fd, (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg),
                              pPager->pageSize);
      }
      TRACE3("FETCH %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
      CODEC1(pPager, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPg->pgno, 3);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        i64 fileSize;
        int rc2 = sqlite3OsFileSize(pPager->fd, &fileSize);
        if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK || fileSize>=pgno*pPager->pageSize ){
	  /* An IO error occured in one of the the sqlite3OsSeek() or
          ** sqlite3OsRead() calls above. */
          pPg->pgno = 0;
................................................................................
    /* The transaction journal now exists and we have a RESERVED or an
    ** EXCLUSIVE lock on the main database file.  Write the current page to
    ** the transaction journal if it is not there already.
    */
    if( !pPg->inJournal && (pPager->useJournal || MEMDB) ){
      if( (int)pPg->pgno <= pPager->origDbSize ){
        int szPg;

        if( MEMDB ){
          PgHistory *pHist = PGHDR_TO_HIST(pPg, pPager);
          TRACE3("JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
          assert( pHist->pOrig==0 );
          pHist->pOrig = sqliteMallocRaw( pPager->pageSize );
          if( pHist->pOrig ){
            memcpy(pHist->pOrig, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
          }
        }else{
          u32 cksum, saved;
          char *pData2, *pEnd;
          /* We should never write to the journal file the page that
          ** contains the database locks.  The following assert verifies
          ** that we do not. */
          assert( pPg->pgno!=PAGER_MJ_PGNO(pPager) );
          pData2 = CODEC2(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7);
          cksum = pager_cksum(pPager, pData2);
          pEnd = pData2 + pPager->pageSize;
          pData2 -= 4;
          saved = *(u32*)pEnd;
          put32bits(pEnd, cksum);
          szPg = pPager->pageSize+8;
          put32bits(pData2, pPg->pgno);
          rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->jfd, pData2, szPg);
          pPager->journalOff += szPg;
          TRACE4("JOURNAL %d page %d needSync=%d\n",
                  PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, pPg->needSync);
          *(u32*)pEnd = saved;


	  /* An error has occured writing to the journal file. The 
          ** transaction will be rolled back by the layer above.
          */
          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
            return rc;
          }
................................................................................
        assert( pHist->pStmt==0 );
        pHist->pStmt = sqliteMallocRaw( pPager->pageSize );
        if( pHist->pStmt ){
          memcpy(pHist->pStmt, PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPg), pPager->pageSize);
        }
        TRACE3("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);
      }else{

        char *pData2 = CODEC2(pPager, pData, pPg->pgno, 7)-4;
        put32bits(pData2, pPg->pgno);
        rc = sqlite3OsWrite(pPager->stfd, pData2, pPager->pageSize+4);

        TRACE3("STMT-JOURNAL %d page %d\n", PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno);

        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          return rc;
        }
        pPager->stmtNRec++;
        assert( pPager->aInStmt!=0 );
        pPager->aInStmt[pPg->pgno/8] |= 1<<(pPg->pgno&7);
      }
................................................................................
}

/*
** Set the codec for this pager
*/
void sqlite3pager_set_codec(
  Pager *pPager,
  void *(*xCodec)(void*,void*,Pgno,int),
  void *pCodecArg
){
  pPager->xCodec = xCodec;
  pPager->pCodecArg = pCodecArg;
}

/*
................................................................................

  /* Read the current value at byte 24. */
  pPgHdr = DATA_TO_PGHDR(pPage);
  change_counter = retrieve32bits(pPgHdr, 24);

  /* Increment the value just read and write it back to byte 24. */
  change_counter++;
  put32bits(((char*)PGHDR_TO_DATA(pPgHdr))+24, change_counter);

  /* Release the page reference. */
  sqlite3pager_unref(pPage);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
** subsystem.  The page cache subsystem reads and writes a file a page
** at a time and provides a journal for rollback.
**
** @(#) $Id: pager.h,v 1.49 2006/02/11 01:25:51 drh Exp $
*/

#ifndef _PAGER_H_
#define _PAGER_H_

/*
** The default size of a database page.
................................................................................
int *sqlite3pager_stats(Pager*);
void sqlite3pager_set_safety_level(Pager*,int,int);
const char *sqlite3pager_filename(Pager*);
const char *sqlite3pager_dirname(Pager*);
const char *sqlite3pager_journalname(Pager*);
int sqlite3pager_nosync(Pager*);
int sqlite3pager_rename(Pager*, const char *zNewName);
void sqlite3pager_set_codec(Pager*,void(*)(void*,void*,Pgno,int),void*);
int sqlite3pager_movepage(Pager*,void*,Pgno);
int sqlite3pager_reset(Pager*);
int sqlite3pager_release_memory(int);

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
int sqlite3pager_lockstate(Pager*);
#endif

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This header file defines the interface that the sqlite page cache
** subsystem.  The page cache subsystem reads and writes a file a page
** at a time and provides a journal for rollback.
**
** @(#) $Id: pager.h,v 1.50 2006/03/06 18:23:17 drh Exp $
*/

#ifndef _PAGER_H_
#define _PAGER_H_

/*
** The default size of a database page.
................................................................................
int *sqlite3pager_stats(Pager*);
void sqlite3pager_set_safety_level(Pager*,int,int);
const char *sqlite3pager_filename(Pager*);
const char *sqlite3pager_dirname(Pager*);
const char *sqlite3pager_journalname(Pager*);
int sqlite3pager_nosync(Pager*);
int sqlite3pager_rename(Pager*, const char *zNewName);
void sqlite3pager_set_codec(Pager*,void*(*)(void*,void*,Pgno,int),void*);
int sqlite3pager_movepage(Pager*,void*,Pgno);
int sqlite3pager_reset(Pager*);
int sqlite3pager_release_memory(int);

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
int sqlite3pager_lockstate(Pager*);
#endif