** After this routine has finished, sqlite3VdbeFinalize() should be
** used to clean up the mess that was left behind.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeExec(
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  int pc;                    /* The program counter */

  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
................................................................................
  if( p->pc==0 
   && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing) || fileExists(db, "vdbe_explain"))
  ){
    int i;
    printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &p->aOp[i]);
    }
  }
  if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_trace") ){
    p->trace = stdout;
  }
  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
#endif
................................................................................
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
#endif
    pOp = &p->aOp[pc];

    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( p->trace ){
      if( pc==0 ){
        printf("VDBE Execution Trace:\n");
................................................................................
      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
    }

    break;
  }

  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
  p->pc = pc;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
................................................................................
  ** the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a new one.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&ctx.s, pOut);
  MemSetTypeFlag(&ctx.s, MEM_Null);

  ctx.isError = 0;
  if( ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
    assert( pOp>p->aOp );
    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
    ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
  }
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  (*ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&ctx, n, apVal);
  if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
................................................................................
  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&p->aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  pc = -1;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
      pOp->cnt++;
#if 0
        fprintf(stdout, "%10llu ", elapsed);
        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, origPc, &p->aOp[origPc]);
#endif
    }
#endif

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through

** After this routine has finished, sqlite3VdbeFinalize() should be
** used to clean up the mess that was left behind.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeExec(
  Vdbe *p                    /* The VDBE */
){
  int pc;                    /* The program counter */
  Op *aOp = p->aOp;          /* Copy of p->aOp */
  Op *pOp;                   /* Current operation */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;        /* Value to return */
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;       /* The database */
  u8 encoding = ENC(db);     /* The database encoding */
  Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
  Mem *pIn2 = 0;             /* 2nd input operand */
  Mem *pIn3 = 0;             /* 3rd input operand */
................................................................................
  if( p->pc==0 
   && ((p->db->flags & SQLITE_VdbeListing) || fileExists(db, "vdbe_explain"))
  ){
    int i;
    printf("VDBE Program Listing:\n");
    sqlite3VdbePrintSql(p);
    for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
      sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, i, &aOp[i]);
    }
  }
  if( fileExists(db, "vdbe_trace") ){
    p->trace = stdout;
  }
  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
#endif
................................................................................
  for(pc=p->pc; rc==SQLITE_OK; pc++){
    assert( pc>=0 && pc<p->nOp );
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    origPc = pc;
    start = sqlite3Hwtime();
#endif
    pOp = &aOp[pc];

    /* Only allow tracing if SQLITE_DEBUG is defined.
    */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( p->trace ){
      if( pc==0 ){
        printf("VDBE Execution Trace:\n");
................................................................................
      /* Instruction pc is the OP_Program that invoked the sub-program 
      ** currently being halted. If the p2 instruction of this OP_Halt
      ** instruction is set to OE_Ignore, then the sub-program is throwing
      ** an IGNORE exception. In this case jump to the address specified
      ** as the p2 of the calling OP_Program.  */
      pc = p->aOp[pc].p2-1;
    }
    aOp = p->aOp;
    break;
  }

  p->rc = pOp->p1;
  p->errorAction = (u8)pOp->p2;
  p->pc = pc;
  if( pOp->p4.z ){
................................................................................
  ** the already allocated buffer instead of allocating a new one.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeMemMove(&ctx.s, pOut);
  MemSetTypeFlag(&ctx.s, MEM_Null);

  ctx.isError = 0;
  if( ctx.pFunc->flags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
    assert( pOp>aOp );
    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );
    assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_CollSeq );
    ctx.pColl = pOp[-1].p4.pColl;
  }
  if( sqlite3SafetyOff(db) ) goto abort_due_to_misuse;
  (*ctx.pFunc->xFunc)(&ctx, n, apVal);
  if( sqlite3SafetyOn(db) ){
................................................................................
  pFrame->nChange = p->nChange;
  p->nChange = 0;
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&p->aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  pc = -1;

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
................................................................................
#ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
      pOp->cnt++;
#if 0
        fprintf(stdout, "%10llu ", elapsed);
        sqlite3VdbePrintOp(stdout, origPc, &aOp[origPc]);
#endif
    }
#endif

    /* The following code adds nothing to the actual functionality
    ** of the program.  It is only here for testing and debugging.
    ** On the other hand, it does burn CPU cycles every time through