*/
static void recoverFreeTable(RecoverTable *pTab){
  if( pTab ){
    sqlite3_free(pTab->zName);
    sqlite3_free(pTab->zQuoted);
    if( pTab->azlCol ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
        sqlite3_free(pTab->azlCol[i]);
      }
      sqlite3_free(pTab->azlCol);
    }
    sqlite3_free(pTab);
  }
}

static void recoverOldTable(
  int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: Error code */
  RecoverTable *pTab,
  const char *zName,              /* Name of table */
  const char *zSql,               /* CREATE TABLE statement */
  int bIntkey, 
  int nCol
){
  sqlite3 *dbtmp = 0;             /* sqlite3 handle for testing CREATE TABLE */
  int rc = *pRc;



  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nSqlCol = 0;
    int bSqlIntkey = 0;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;

    rc = sqlite3_open("", &dbtmp);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3_exec(dbtmp, "PRAGMA writable_schema = on", 0, 0, 0);
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3_exec(dbtmp, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
      if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
................................................................................
    );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
      bSqlIntkey = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
    }
    shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);

    if( bIntkey==bSqlIntkey ){

      const char *zPk = "_rowid_";
      sqlite3_stmt *pPkFinder = 0;



      shellPreparePrintf(dbtmp, &rc, &pPkFinder, 
          "SELECT cid, name FROM pragma_table_info(%Q) "
          "  WHERE pk=1 AND type='integer' COLLATE nocase"
          "  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT cid FROM pragma_table_info(%Q) WHERE pk=2)",
          zName, zName
      );
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pPkFinder) ){
        pTab->iPk = sqlite3_column_int(pPkFinder, 0);
        zPk = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pPkFinder, 1);

      }

      pTab->zName = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%s", zName);
      pTab->zQuoted = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%Q", pTab->zName);
      pTab->azlCol = (char**)shellMalloc(&rc, sizeof(char*) * nSqlCol);
      pTab->nCol = nSqlCol;

      if( nSqlCol==1 && pTab->iPk==0 ){
        pTab->azlCol[0] = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%Q", zPk);
      }else{



        shellPreparePrintf(dbtmp, &rc, &pStmt, 
          "SELECT -1+row_number()          OVER (ORDER BY cid),"
          "    %Q||%Q||group_concat(name, ', ') FILTER (WHERE cid!=%d) "
          "           OVER (ORDER BY cid) "
          "FROM pragma_table_info(%Q)", 
          (bIntkey ? zPk : ""), (bIntkey ? ", " : ""), 
          pTab->iPk, zName
        );
        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
          int idx = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
          const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
          pTab->azlCol[idx] = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%s", zText);

        }
        shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);
      }
      shellFinalize(&rc, pPkFinder);
    }
  }

 finished:
  sqlite3_close(dbtmp);
  *pRc = rc;





}

static RecoverTable *recoverNewTable(
  ShellState *pState, 
  int *pRc,
  int iRoot,
  int bIntkey,
  int nCol

){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
  RecoverTable *pRet = 0;
  int bNoop = 0;
  const char *zSql = 0;
  const char *zName = 0;

  pRet = (RecoverTable*)shellMalloc(pRc, sizeof(RecoverTable));
  if( pRet ) pRet->iPk = -2;

  /* Search the recovered schema for an object with root page iRoot. */
  shellPreparePrintf(pState->db, pRc, &pStmt,
      "SELECT type, name, sql FROM recovery.schema WHERE rootpage=%d", iRoot
  );
  while( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
    const char *zType = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
................................................................................
    if( bIntkey==0 && sqlite3_stricmp(zType, "index")==0 ){
      bNoop = 1;
      break;
    }
    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zType, "table")==0 ){
      zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
      zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 2);
      recoverOldTable(pRc, pRet, zName, zSql, bIntkey, nCol);
      break;
    }
  }
  shellFinalize(pRc, pStmt);
  if( bNoop ){
    sqlite3_free(pRet);
    return 0;
  }

  if( pRet && pRet->zName==0 ){
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;

    pRet->zName = shellMPrintf(pRc, "orphan_%d_%d", nCol, iRoot);
    pRet->zQuoted = shellMPrintf(pRc, "%Q", pRet->zName);
    pRet->azlCol = (char**)shellMalloc(pRc, sizeof(char*) * nCol);
    pRet->nCol = nCol;

    shellPreparePrintf(pState->db, pRc, &pStmt, 
      "WITH s(i) AS ("
      "  SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM s WHERE i<%d"
      ")"
      "SELECT i-1, %Q || group_concat('c' || i, ', ') OVER (ORDER BY i) FROM s",
      nCol, (bIntkey ? "id, " : "")
    );
    while( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
      int idx = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
      const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
      pRet->azlCol[idx] = shellMPrintf(pRc, "%s", zText);
    }
    shellFinalize(pRc, pStmt);

    if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
      char *zCreate = shellMPrintf(pRc, "CREATE TABLE %Q (%s)", 
        pRet->zName, pRet->azlCol[nCol-1]
      );
      if( zCreate ){
        raw_printf(pState->out, "%s;\n", zCreate);
        sqlite3_free(zCreate);
      }
    }
  }

  if( *pRc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    recoverFreeTable(pRet);
    pRet = 0;
  }

  return pRet;

}

/*
** This function is called to recover data from the database. A script
** to construct a new database containing all recovered data is output
** on stream pState->out.
*/
................................................................................
static int recoverDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, int nArg, char **azArg){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  sqlite3_stmt *pLoop = 0;        /* Loop through all root pages */
  sqlite3_stmt *pPages = 0;       /* Loop through all pages in a group */
  sqlite3_stmt *pCells = 0;       /* Loop through all cells in a page */
  const char *zRecoveryDb = "";   /* Name of "recovery" database */
  int i;



  int bFreelist = 1;              /* 0 if --freelist-corrupt is specified */
  for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
    char *z = azArg[i];
    int n;
    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    n = strlen(z);
................................................................................
    "  max(CASE WHEN field=2 THEN value ELSE NULL END),"
    "  max(CASE WHEN field=3 THEN value ELSE NULL END),"
    "  max(CASE WHEN field=4 THEN value ELSE NULL END)"
    "FROM sqlite_dbdata WHERE pgno IN ("
    "  SELECT pgno FROM recovery.map WHERE root=1"
    ")"
    "GROUP BY pgno, cell;"

  );

  /* Open a transaction, then print out all non-virtual, non-"sqlite_%" 
  ** CREATE TABLE statements that extracted from the existing schema.  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
    raw_printf(pState->out, "BEGIN;\n");
................................................................................
      const char *zCreateTable = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
      raw_printf(pState->out, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s;\n", 
          &zCreateTable[12]
      );
    }
    shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);
  }















  shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc,
      "SELECT pgno FROM recovery.map WHERE root=?", &pPages
  );
  shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc,
      "SELECT max(field), group_concat(shell_escape_crnl(quote(value)), ', ')"
      "FROM sqlite_dbdata WHERE pgno = ? AND field != ?"
................................................................................
      "  SELECT rootpage FROM recovery.schema WHERE name='sqlite_sequence'"
      ")", &pLoop
  );
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pLoop) ){
    int iRoot = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 0);
    int bIntkey = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 1);
    int nCol = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 2);

    RecoverTable *pTab;

    pTab = recoverNewTable(pState, &rc, iRoot, bIntkey, nCol);

    if( pTab ){

      if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_sequence") ){
        raw_printf(pState->out, "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n");
      }
      sqlite3_bind_int(pPages, 1, iRoot);
      sqlite3_bind_int(pCells, 2, pTab->iPk);

      while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pPages) ){

        sqlite3_bind_int(pCells, 1, sqlite3_column_int(pPages, 0));
        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pCells) ){
          int iMax = sqlite3_column_int(pCells, 0);
          const char *zVal = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pCells, 1);









          raw_printf(pState->out, "INSERT INTO %s(%s) VALUES( %s );\n", 
              pTab->zQuoted, pTab->azlCol[iMax>0?iMax:0], zVal
          );
        }

        shellReset(&rc, pCells);
      }
      shellReset(&rc, pPages);
    }
    recoverFreeTable(pTab);
  }
  shellFinalize(&rc, pLoop);
  shellFinalize(&rc, pPages);
  shellFinalize(&rc, pCells);


  /* The rest of the schema */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
    shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc, 
        "SELECT sql, name FROM recovery.schema "
        "WHERE sql NOT LIKE 'create table%'", &pStmt

*/
static void recoverFreeTable(RecoverTable *pTab){
  if( pTab ){
    sqlite3_free(pTab->zName);
    sqlite3_free(pTab->zQuoted);
    if( pTab->azlCol ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<=pTab->nCol; i++){
        sqlite3_free(pTab->azlCol[i]);
      }
      sqlite3_free(pTab->azlCol);
    }
    sqlite3_free(pTab);
  }
}

static RecoverTable *recoverOldTable(
  int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: Error code */

  const char *zName,              /* Name of table */
  const char *zSql,               /* CREATE TABLE statement */
  int bIntkey, 
  int nCol
){
  sqlite3 *dbtmp = 0;             /* sqlite3 handle for testing CREATE TABLE */
  int rc = *pRc;
  RecoverTable *pTab = 0;

  pTab = (RecoverTable*)shellMalloc(&rc, sizeof(RecoverTable));
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int nSqlCol = 0;
    int bSqlIntkey = 0;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
    
    rc = sqlite3_open("", &dbtmp);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3_exec(dbtmp, "PRAGMA writable_schema = on", 0, 0, 0);
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = sqlite3_exec(dbtmp, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
      if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
................................................................................
    );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
      bSqlIntkey = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
    }
    shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);

    if( bIntkey==bSqlIntkey ){
      int i;
      const char *zPk = "_rowid_";
      sqlite3_stmt *pPkFinder = 0;

      pTab->iPk = -2;
      if( bIntkey ){
        shellPreparePrintf(dbtmp, &rc, &pPkFinder, 
          "SELECT cid, name FROM pragma_table_info(%Q) "
          "  WHERE pk=1 AND type='integer' COLLATE nocase"
          "  AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT cid FROM pragma_table_info(%Q) WHERE pk=2)"
          , zName, zName
        );
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pPkFinder) ){
          pTab->iPk = sqlite3_column_int(pPkFinder, 0);
          zPk = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pPkFinder, 1);
        }
      }

      pTab->zName = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%s", zName);
      pTab->zQuoted = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%Q", pTab->zName);
      pTab->azlCol = (char**)shellMalloc(&rc, sizeof(char*) * (nSqlCol+1));
      pTab->nCol = nSqlCol;

      if( bIntkey ){
        pTab->azlCol[0] = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%Q", zPk);
      }else{
        pTab->azlCol[0] = shellMPrintf(&rc, "");
      }
      i = 1;
      shellPreparePrintf(dbtmp, &rc, &pStmt, 

          "SELECT %Q || group_concat(name, ', ') "
          "  FILTER (WHERE cid!=%d) OVER (ORDER BY cid) "
          "FROM pragma_table_info(%Q)", 

          bIntkey ? ", " : "", pTab->iPk, zName
      );
      while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){

        const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
        pTab->azlCol[i] = shellMPrintf(&rc, "%s%s", pTab->azlCol[0], zText);
        i++;
      }
      shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);

      shellFinalize(&rc, pPkFinder);
    }
  }

 finished:
  sqlite3_close(dbtmp);
  *pRc = rc;
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
    recoverFreeTable(pTab);
    pTab = 0;
  }
  return pTab;
}

static RecoverTable *recoverNewTable(
  ShellState *pState, 
  int *pRc,
  int iRoot,
  int bIntkey,
  int nCol,
  int *pbNoop
){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
  RecoverTable *pRet = 0;
  int bNoop = 0;
  const char *zSql = 0;
  const char *zName = 0;




  /* Search the recovered schema for an object with root page iRoot. */
  shellPreparePrintf(pState->db, pRc, &pStmt,
      "SELECT type, name, sql FROM recovery.schema WHERE rootpage=%d", iRoot
  );
  while( *pRc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
    const char *zType = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
................................................................................
    if( bIntkey==0 && sqlite3_stricmp(zType, "index")==0 ){
      bNoop = 1;
      break;
    }
    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zType, "table")==0 ){
      zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
      zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 2);
      pRet = recoverOldTable(pRc, zName, zSql, bIntkey, nCol);
      break;
    }
  }

  shellFinalize(pRc, pStmt);
  *pbNoop = bNoop;
  return pRet;
}

static RecoverTable *recoverOrphanTable(
  ShellState *pState, 
  int *pRc, 
  int nCol
){
  RecoverTable *pTab = 0;
  if( nCol>=0 && *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int i;
    raw_printf(pState->out, 
        "CREATE TABLE recover_orphan(rootpgno INTEGER, "
        "pgno INTEGER, nfield INTEGER, id INTEGER"
    );
    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
      raw_printf(pState->out, ", c%d", i);
    }
    raw_printf(pState->out, ");\n");

    pTab = (RecoverTable*)shellMalloc(pRc, sizeof(RecoverTable));
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->zName = shellMPrintf(pRc, "%s", "recover_orphan");
      pTab->zQuoted = shellMPrintf(pRc, "%Q", pTab->zName);
      pTab->nCol = nCol;
      pTab->iPk = -2;
      if( nCol>0 ){
        pTab->azlCol = (char**)shellMalloc(pRc, sizeof(char*) * (nCol+1));
        if( pTab->azlCol ){
          pTab->azlCol[nCol] = shellMPrintf(pRc, "");
          for(i=nCol-1; i>=0; i--){
            pTab->azlCol[i] = shellMPrintf(pRc, "%s, NULL", pTab->azlCol[i+1]);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if( *pRc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      recoverFreeTable(pTab);
      pTab = 0;
    }
  }
  return pTab;
}

/*
** This function is called to recover data from the database. A script
** to construct a new database containing all recovered data is output
** on stream pState->out.
*/
................................................................................
static int recoverDatabaseCmd(ShellState *pState, int nArg, char **azArg){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  sqlite3_stmt *pLoop = 0;        /* Loop through all root pages */
  sqlite3_stmt *pPages = 0;       /* Loop through all pages in a group */
  sqlite3_stmt *pCells = 0;       /* Loop through all cells in a page */
  const char *zRecoveryDb = "";   /* Name of "recovery" database */
  int i;
  int nOrphan = -1;
  RecoverTable *pOrphan = 0;

  int bFreelist = 1;              /* 0 if --freelist-corrupt is specified */
  for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
    char *z = azArg[i];
    int n;
    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    n = strlen(z);
................................................................................
    "  max(CASE WHEN field=2 THEN value ELSE NULL END),"
    "  max(CASE WHEN field=3 THEN value ELSE NULL END),"
    "  max(CASE WHEN field=4 THEN value ELSE NULL END)"
    "FROM sqlite_dbdata WHERE pgno IN ("
    "  SELECT pgno FROM recovery.map WHERE root=1"
    ")"
    "GROUP BY pgno, cell;"
    "CREATE INDEX recovery.schema_rootpage ON schema(rootpage);"
  );

  /* Open a transaction, then print out all non-virtual, non-"sqlite_%" 
  ** CREATE TABLE statements that extracted from the existing schema.  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
    raw_printf(pState->out, "BEGIN;\n");
................................................................................
      const char *zCreateTable = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
      raw_printf(pState->out, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s;\n", 
          &zCreateTable[12]
      );
    }
    shellFinalize(&rc, pStmt);
  }

  /* Figure out if an orphan table will be required. And if so, how many
  ** user columns it should contain */
  shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc, 
      "SELECT coalesce(max(maxlen), -2) FROM recovery.map" 
      "  WHERE root>1 AND root NOT IN (SELECT rootpage FROM recovery.schema)"
      , &pLoop
  );
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pLoop) ){
    nOrphan = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 0);
  }
  shellFinalize(&rc, pLoop);
  pLoop = 0;
  pOrphan = recoverOrphanTable(pState, &rc, nOrphan);

  shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc,
      "SELECT pgno FROM recovery.map WHERE root=?", &pPages
  );
  shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc,
      "SELECT max(field), group_concat(shell_escape_crnl(quote(value)), ', ')"
      "FROM sqlite_dbdata WHERE pgno = ? AND field != ?"
................................................................................
      "  SELECT rootpage FROM recovery.schema WHERE name='sqlite_sequence'"
      ")", &pLoop
  );
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pLoop) ){
    int iRoot = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 0);
    int bIntkey = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 1);
    int nCol = sqlite3_column_int(pLoop, 2);
    int bNoop = 0;
    RecoverTable *pTab;

    pTab = recoverNewTable(pState, &rc, iRoot, bIntkey, nCol, &bNoop);
    if( bNoop || rc ) continue;
    if( pTab==0 ) pTab = pOrphan;

    if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_sequence") ){
      raw_printf(pState->out, "DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence;\n");
    }
    sqlite3_bind_int(pPages, 1, iRoot);
    sqlite3_bind_int(pCells, 2, pTab->iPk);

    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pPages) ){
      int iPgno = sqlite3_column_int(pPages, 0);
      sqlite3_bind_int(pCells, 1, iPgno);
      while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pCells) ){
        int nField = sqlite3_column_int(pCells, 0);
        const char *zVal = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pCells, 1);

        nField = nField+1;
        if( pTab==pOrphan ){
          raw_printf(pState->out, 
              "INSERT INTO %s VALUES(%d, %d, %d, %s%s%s);\n",
              pTab->zQuoted, iRoot, iPgno, nField, 
              bIntkey ? "" : "NULL, ", zVal, pTab->azlCol[nField]
          );
        }else{
          raw_printf(pState->out, "INSERT INTO %s(%s) VALUES( %s );\n", 
              pTab->zQuoted, pTab->azlCol[nField], zVal
          );
        }
      }
      shellReset(&rc, pCells);
    }
    shellReset(&rc, pPages);

    if( pTab!=pOrphan ) recoverFreeTable(pTab);
  }
  shellFinalize(&rc, pLoop);
  shellFinalize(&rc, pPages);
  shellFinalize(&rc, pCells);
  recoverFreeTable(pOrphan);

  /* The rest of the schema */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
    shellPrepare(pState->db, &rc, 
        "SELECT sql, name FROM recovery.schema "
        "WHERE sql NOT LIKE 'create table%'", &pStmt