SQLite

**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
**
** @(#) $Id: parse.y,v 1.143 2004/10/06 14:39:29 drh Exp $
*/
%token_prefix TK_
%token_type {Token}
%default_type {Token}
%extra_argument {Parse *pParse}
%syntax_error {
  if( pParse->zErrMsg==0 ){

type ::= typename(X) LP signed RP(Y).    {sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&X,&Y);}
type ::= typename(X) LP signed COMMA signed RP(Y).
                                         {sqlite3AddColumnType(pParse,&X,&Y);}
%type typename {Token}
typename(A) ::= ids(X).             {A = X;}
typename(A) ::= typename(X) ids(Y). {A.z=X.z; A.n=Y.n+(Y.z-X.z);}
%type signed {int}
signed(A) ::= INTEGER(X).         { A = atoi(X.z); }
signed(A) ::= PLUS INTEGER(X).    { A = atoi(X.z); }
signed(A) ::= MINUS INTEGER(X).   { A = -atoi(X.z); }
carglist ::= carglist carg.
carglist ::= .
carg ::= CONSTRAINT nm ccons.
carg ::= ccons.
carg ::= DEFAULT STRING(X).          {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,0);}
carg ::= DEFAULT ID(X).              {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,0);}
carg ::= DEFAULT INTEGER(X).         {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,0);}
carg ::= DEFAULT PLUS INTEGER(X).    {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,0);}
carg ::= DEFAULT MINUS INTEGER(X).   {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,1);}
carg ::= DEFAULT FLOAT(X).           {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,0);}
carg ::= DEFAULT PLUS FLOAT(X).      {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,0);}
carg ::= DEFAULT MINUS FLOAT(X).     {sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&X,1);}
carg ::= DEFAULT NULL. 

// In addition to the type name, we also care about the primary key and
// UNIQUE constraints.
//
ccons ::= NULL onconf.
ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).               {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf(R).  {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R);}
ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).           {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0);}
ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf.
ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
                                {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).   {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
ccons ::= COLLATE id(C).  {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, C.z, C.n);}

// The next group of rules parses the arguments to a REFERENCES clause

// The following is a non-standard extension that allows us to declare the
// default behavior when there is a constraint conflict.
//
%type onconf {int}
%type orconf {int}
%type resolvetype {int}
onconf(A) ::= .                              { A = OE_Default; }
onconf(A) ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype(X).    { A = X; }
orconf(A) ::= .                              { A = OE_Default; }
orconf(A) ::= OR resolvetype(X).             { A = X; }
resolvetype(A) ::= ROLLBACK.                 { A = OE_Rollback; }
resolvetype(A) ::= ABORT.                    { A = OE_Abort; }
resolvetype(A) ::= FAIL.                     { A = OE_Fail; }
resolvetype(A) ::= IGNORE.                   { A = OE_Ignore; }
resolvetype(A) ::= REPLACE.                  { A = OE_Replace; }

////////////////////////// The DROP TABLE /////////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= DROP TABLE nm(X) dbnm(Y).   {
  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&Y), 0);
}

///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= CREATE(X) temp(T) VIEW nm(Y) dbnm(Z) AS select(S). {
  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, S, T);
}
cmd ::= DROP VIEW nm(X) dbnm(Y). {
  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&Y), 1);
}

//////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= select(X).  {
  sqlite3Select(pParse, X, SRT_Callback, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(X);

  if( Z ){
    Z->op = Y;
    Z->pPrior = X;
  }
  A = Z;
}
%type multiselect_op {int}
multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION.      {A = TK_UNION;}
multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION ALL.  {A = TK_ALL;}
multiselect_op(A) ::= INTERSECT.  {A = TK_INTERSECT;}
multiselect_op(A) ::= EXCEPT.     {A = TK_EXCEPT;}
oneselect(A) ::= SELECT distinct(D) selcollist(W) from(X) where_opt(Y)
                 groupby_opt(P) having_opt(Q) orderby_opt(Z) limit_opt(L). {
  A = sqlite3SelectNew(W,X,Y,P,Q,Z,D,L.limit,L.offset);
}

// The "distinct" nonterminal is true (1) if the DISTINCT keyword is
// present and false (0) if it is not.

  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(P, sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0), 0);
}

// An option "AS <id>" phrase that can follow one of the expressions that
// define the result set, or one of the tables in the FROM clause.
//
%type as {Token}
as(X) ::= AS nm(Y).    { X = Y; }
as(X) ::= ids(Y).      { X = Y; }
as(X) ::= .            { X.n = 0; }


%type seltablist {SrcList*}
%destructor seltablist {sqlite3SrcListDelete($$);}
%type stl_prefix {SrcList*}
%destructor stl_prefix {sqlite3SrcListDelete($$);}
%type from {SrcList*}

   A = sqlite3SelectNew(0,F,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0);
}

%type dbnm {Token}
dbnm(A) ::= .          {A.z=0; A.n=0;}
dbnm(A) ::= DOT nm(X). {A = X;}





%type joinop {int}
%type joinop2 {int}
joinop(X) ::= COMMA.                   { X = JT_INNER; }
joinop(X) ::= JOIN.                    { X = JT_INNER; }
joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) JOIN.         { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,0,0); }
joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) JOIN.   { X = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&A,&B,0); }
joinop(X) ::= JOIN_KW(A) nm(B) nm(C) JOIN.

limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT signed(X) OFFSET signed(Y). 
                                       {A.limit = X; A.offset = Y;}
limit_opt(A) ::= LIMIT signed(X) COMMA signed(Y). 
                                       {A.limit = Y; A.offset = X;}

/////////////////////////// The DELETE statement /////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= DELETE FROM nm(X) dbnm(D) where_opt(Y). {
   sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&D), Y);
}

%type where_opt {Expr*}
%destructor where_opt {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}

where_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
where_opt(A) ::= WHERE expr(X).       {A = X;}

%type setlist {ExprList*}
%destructor setlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}

////////////////////////// The UPDATE command ////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= UPDATE orconf(R) nm(X) dbnm(D) SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).
    {sqlite3Update(pParse,sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&D),Y,Z,R);}

setlist(A) ::= setlist(Z) COMMA nm(X) EQ expr(Y).
    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(Z,Y,&X);}
setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y).   {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0,Y,&X);}

////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO nm(X) dbnm(D) inscollist_opt(F) 
        VALUES LP itemlist(Y) RP.
            {sqlite3Insert(pParse, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&D), Y, 0, F, R);}
cmd ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO nm(X) dbnm(D) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
            {sqlite3Insert(pParse, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&D), 0, S, F, R);}

%type insert_cmd {int}
insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}


%type itemlist {ExprList*}

expr(A) ::= expr(X) GE(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) NE(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) EQ(OP) expr(Y).     {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) BITAND(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) BITOR(OP) expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) LSHIFT(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) RSHIFT(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}











expr(A) ::= expr(X) likeop(OP) expr(Y).  [LIKE]  {
  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, Y, 0);
  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pList, X, 0);
  A = sqlite3ExprFunction(pList, 0);
  if( A ) A->op = OP.opcode;
  if( OP.not ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X->span, &Y->span);
}
%type likeop {struct LikeOp}
likeop(A) ::= LIKE.     {A.opcode = TK_LIKE; A.not = 0;}
likeop(A) ::= GLOB.     {A.opcode = TK_GLOB; A.not = 0;}
likeop(A) ::= NOT LIKE. {A.opcode = TK_LIKE; A.not = 1;}
likeop(A) ::= NOT GLOB. {A.opcode = TK_GLOB; A.not = 1;}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) PLUS(OP) expr(Y).   {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) MINUS(OP) expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) STAR(OP) expr(Y).   {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) SLASH(OP) expr(Y).  {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) REM(OP) expr(Y).    {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) CONCAT(OP) expr(Y). {A = sqlite3Expr(@OP, X, Y, 0);}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) ISNULL(E). {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_ISNULL, X, 0, 0);
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) IS NULL(E). {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_ISNULL, X, 0, 0);
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);

}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
  if( A ) A->pSelect = Y;
  if( N ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,&E);
}
expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(D). [IN] {
  SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(0, &Y, &D);
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_IN, X, 0, 0);
  if( A ) A->pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,-1,0);
  if( N ) A = sqlite3Expr(TK_NOT, A, 0, 0);
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A,&X->span,D.z?&D:&Y);
}


/* CASE expressions */
expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_CASE, X, Z, 0);
  if( A ) A->pList = Y;

%type exprlist {ExprList*}
%destructor exprlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
%type expritem {Expr*}
%destructor expritem {sqlite3ExprDelete($$);}

exprlist(A) ::= exprlist(X) COMMA expritem(Y). 
   {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(X,Y,0);}
exprlist(A) ::= expritem(X).            {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0,X,0);}
expritem(A) ::= expr(X).                {A = X;}
expritem(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}

///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
//
cmd ::= CREATE(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX nm(X) dbnm(D)
        ON nm(Y) dbnm(C) LP idxlist(Z) RP(E) onconf(R). {
  if( U!=OE_None ) U = R;
  if( U==OE_Default) U = OE_Abort;
  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&Y,&C),
      Z, U, &S, &E);
}

%type uniqueflag {int}
uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  { A = OE_Abort; }
uniqueflag(A) ::= .        { A = OE_None; }

%type idxlist {ExprList*}
%destructor idxlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
%type idxlist_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor idxlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete($$);}
%type idxitem {Token}

  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, p, &Y);
}
idxitem(A) ::= nm(X).              {A = X;}


///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
//

cmd ::= DROP INDEX nm(X) dbnm(Y).   {
  sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&Y));
}

///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= VACUUM.                {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
cmd ::= VACUUM nm(X).         {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&X);}

///////////////////////////// The PRAGMA command /////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ nm(Y).  {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ ON(Y).  {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ plus_num(Y). {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) EQ minus_num(Y). {
  sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,1);
}
cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z) LP nm(Y) RP. {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,&Y,0);}
cmd ::= PRAGMA nm(X) dbnm(Z).  {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&X,&Z,0,0);}
plus_num(A) ::= plus_opt number(X).   {A = X;}
minus_num(A) ::= MINUS number(X).     {A = X;}
number(A) ::= INTEGER(X).  {A = X;}
number(A) ::= FLOAT(X).    {A = X;}
plus_opt ::= PLUS.
plus_opt ::= .

//////////////////////////// The CREATE TRIGGER command /////////////////////

cmd ::= CREATE trigger_decl(A) BEGIN trigger_cmd_list(S) END(Z). {
  Token all;
  all.z = A.z;
  all.n = (Z.z - A.z) + Z.n;
  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, S, &all);
}

trigger_decl(A) ::= temp(T) TRIGGER nm(B) dbnm(Z) trigger_time(C) trigger_event(D)

                 ON nm(E) dbnm(DB) foreach_clause(F) when_clause(G). {
  SrcList *pTab = sqlite3SrcListAppend(0, &E, &DB);
  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &B, &Z, C, D.a, D.b, pTab, F, G, T);
  A = (Z.n==0?B:Z);
}

%type trigger_time  {int}
trigger_time(A) ::= BEFORE.      { A = TK_BEFORE; }
trigger_time(A) ::= AFTER.       { A = TK_AFTER;  }
trigger_time(A) ::= INSTEAD OF.  { A = TK_INSTEAD;}
trigger_time(A) ::= .            { A = TK_BEFORE; }

%type trigger_event {struct TrigEvent}
%destructor trigger_event {sqlite3IdListDelete($$.b);}
trigger_event(A) ::= DELETE. { A.a = TK_DELETE; A.b = 0; }
trigger_event(A) ::= INSERT. { A.a = TK_INSERT; A.b = 0; }
trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE. { A.a = TK_UPDATE; A.b = 0;}
trigger_event(A) ::= UPDATE OF inscollist(X). {A.a = TK_UPDATE; A.b = X; }

%type foreach_clause {int}
foreach_clause(A) ::= .                   { A = TK_ROW; }
foreach_clause(A) ::= FOR EACH ROW.       { A = TK_ROW; }
foreach_clause(A) ::= FOR EACH STATEMENT. { A = TK_STATEMENT; }

%type when_clause {Expr*}

%destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep($$);}
// UPDATE 
trigger_cmd(A) ::= UPDATE orconf(R) nm(X) SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).  
               { A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(&X, Y, Z, R); }

// INSERT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO nm(X) inscollist_opt(F) 
  VALUES LP itemlist(Y) RP.  
{A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(&X, F, Y, 0, R);}

trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO nm(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(&X, F, 0, S, R);}

// DELETE
trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM nm(X) where_opt(Y).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(&X, Y);}

// SELECT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= select(X).  {A = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(X); }

// The special RAISE expression that may occur in trigger programs
expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP IGNORE RP(Y).  {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_RAISE, 0, 0, 0); 
  A->iColumn = OE_Ignore;
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
}
expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP ROLLBACK COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &Z); 
  A->iColumn = OE_Rollback;
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
}

expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP ABORT COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &Z); 
  A->iColumn = OE_Abort;
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
}
expr(A) ::= RAISE(X) LP FAIL COMMA nm(Z) RP(Y).  {
  A = sqlite3Expr(TK_RAISE, 0, 0, &Z); 
  A->iColumn = OE_Fail;
  sqlite3ExprSpan(A, &X, &Y);
}

////////////////////////  DROP TRIGGER statement //////////////////////////////
cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER nm(X) dbnm(D). {
  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,sqlite3SrcListAppend(0,&X,&D));
}

//////////////////////// ATTACH DATABASE file AS name /////////////////////////
cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt ids(F) AS nm(D) key_opt(K). {
  sqlite3Attach(pParse, &F, &D, K.type, &K.key);
}
%type key_opt {struct AttachKey}