pWalker->eCode = 1;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Determine if an index on table iCur that contains the columns in
** Bitmask m will cover the expression pExpr.  Return true if the index
** does cover the expression and false if the expression references
** table columns that are not found in the index.
**
** An index covering an expression means that the expression can be
** evaluated using only the index and without having to lookup the
** corresponding table entry.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(
  Expr *pExpr,        /* The index to be tested */

    pWalker->eCode = 1;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Determine if an index pIdx on table with cursor iCur contains will
** the expression pExpr.  Return true if the index does cover the
** expression and false if the pExpr expression references table columns
** that are not found in the index pIdx.
**
** An index covering an expression means that the expression can be
** evaluated using only the index and without having to lookup the
** corresponding table entry.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(
  Expr *pExpr,        /* The index to be tested */

   && (rc = whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1))==SQLITE_OK
  ){
    LogEst nIter;
    pNew->u.btree.nEq++;
    pNew->nSkip++;
    pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm++] = 0;
    pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_SKIPSCAN;
    nIter = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq] - pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq+1];
    pNew->nOut -= nIter;
    /* TUNING:  Because uncertainties in the estimates for skip-scan queries,
    ** add a 1.375 fudge factor to make skip-scan slightly less likely. */
    nIter += 5;
    whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, nIter + nInMul);
    pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
    pNew->u.btree.nEq = saved_nEq;
    pNew->nSkip = saved_nSkip;
    pNew->wsFlags = saved_wsFlags;
  }

   && (rc = whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1))==SQLITE_OK
  ){
    LogEst nIter;
    pNew->u.btree.nEq++;
    pNew->nSkip++;
    pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm++] = 0;
    pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_SKIPSCAN;
    nIter = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq]+1 - pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq+1];
    pNew->nOut -= nIter;
    /* TUNING:  Because uncertainties in the estimates for skip-scan queries,
    ** add a 1.375 fudge factor to make skip-scan slightly less likely. */
    nIter += 4;
    whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, nIter + nInMul);
    pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
    pNew->u.btree.nEq = saved_nEq;
    pNew->nSkip = saved_nSkip;
    pNew->wsFlags = saved_wsFlags;
  }

# 2016-07-27
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# Test cases for ORDER BY and LIMIT on an index scan.
#


set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Performance regression reported at
# http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users@mailinglists.sqlite.org/msg98615.html
#
# Caused by the ORDER BY LIMIT optionation for check-in
# https://sqlite.org/src/info/bf46179d44843769
#
# Fixed on approximately 2016-07-27 by changes that compute a better score
# for index scans by taking into account WHERE clause constraints that can
# be handled by the index and do not require a table lookup.
#
do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d);
  WITH RECURSIVE c(x) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<100)
  INSERT INTO t1(a,b,c,d)
     SELECT x/10, x%10, x%19, x FROM c;
  CREATE INDEX t1abc ON t1(a,b,c);
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=4 ORDER BY a, b LIMIT 2;
} {0 4 4 4 2 3 4 23}

# Prior to the fix, the following EQP would show a table scan and a sort
# rather than an index scan.
#
do_execsql_test 1.0eqp {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=4 ORDER BY a, b LIMIT 2;
} {/SCAN TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1abc/}

# If we change the index so that it no longer covers the WHERE clause,
# then we should (correctly) revert to using a table scan.
#
do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  DROP INDEX t1abc;
  CREATE INDEX t1abd ON t1(a,b,d);
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=4 ORDER BY a, b LIMIT 2;
} {0 4 4 4 2 3 4 23}
do_execsql_test 1.1eqp {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=4 ORDER BY a, b LIMIT 2;
} {~/USING INDEX/}


finish_test

do_eqp_test 5.3.1 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE y = 'j';
} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING COVERING INDEX t2xy (ANY(x) AND y=?)}}
do_execsql_test 5.3.2 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE y = 'j';
} {19}
do_scanstatus_test 5.3.3 { 
  nLoop 1 nVisit 19 nEst 56.0 zName t2xy zExplain
  {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING COVERING INDEX t2xy (ANY(x) AND y=?)}
}

do_eqp_test 5.4.1 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 WHERE y = c;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1bc}
................................................................................
}
do_execsql_test 5.4.2 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 WHERE y = c;
} {200}
do_scanstatus_test 5.4.3 { 
  nLoop 1 nVisit 10 nEst 10.0 zName t1bc 
  zExplain {SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1bc}
  nLoop 10 nVisit 200 nEst 56.0 zName t2xy 
  zExplain {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING COVERING INDEX t2xy (ANY(x) AND y=?)}
}

do_eqp_test 5.5.1 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t3 WHERE y = c;
} {
  0 0 1 {SCAN TABLE t3} 

do_eqp_test 5.3.1 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE y = 'j';
} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING COVERING INDEX t2xy (ANY(x) AND y=?)}}
do_execsql_test 5.3.2 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE y = 'j';
} {19}
do_scanstatus_test 5.3.3 { 
  nLoop 1 nVisit 19 nEst 52.0 zName t2xy zExplain
  {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING COVERING INDEX t2xy (ANY(x) AND y=?)}
}

do_eqp_test 5.4.1 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 WHERE y = c;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1bc}
................................................................................
}
do_execsql_test 5.4.2 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 WHERE y = c;
} {200}
do_scanstatus_test 5.4.3 { 
  nLoop 1 nVisit 10 nEst 10.0 zName t1bc 
  zExplain {SCAN TABLE t1 USING COVERING INDEX t1bc}
  nLoop 10 nVisit 200 nEst 52.0 zName t2xy 
  zExplain {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING COVERING INDEX t2xy (ANY(x) AND y=?)}
}

do_eqp_test 5.5.1 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t3 WHERE y = c;
} {
  0 0 1 {SCAN TABLE t3}