SQLite

      pLock->eLock = READ_LOCK;
    }
  }
}

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */

static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage);
static void releasePageNotNull(MemPage *pPage);  /* Forward reference */

/*
***** This routine is used inside of assert() only ****
**
** Verify that the cursor holds the mutex on its BtShared
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

}

/*
** Release all of the apPage[] pages for a cursor.
*/
static void btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(BtCursor *pCur){
  int i;
  if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
      releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[i]);

    }
    releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
    pCur->iPage = -1;
  }
}

/*
** The cursor passed as the only argument must point to a valid entry
** when this function is called (i.e. have eState==CURSOR_VALID). This
** function saves the current cursor key in variables pCur->nKey and
** pCur->pKey. SQLITE_OK is returned if successful or an SQLite error 

  if( pKey ){
    assert( nKey==(i64)(int)nKey );
    pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pCur->pKeyInfo);
    if( pIdxKey==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pCur->pKeyInfo, (int)nKey, pKey, pIdxKey);
    if( pIdxKey->nField==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
      goto moveto_done;
    }
  }else{
    pIdxKey = 0;
  }
  rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pCur, pIdxKey, nKey, bias, pRes);
moveto_done:

  MemPage **ppPage,               /* Write the page pointer here */
  BtCursor *pCur,                 /* Cursor to receive the page, or NULL */
  int bReadOnly                   /* True for a read-only page */
){
  int rc;
  DbPage *pDbPage;
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
  assert( pCur==0 || ppPage==&pCur->pPage );
  assert( pCur==0 || bReadOnly==pCur->curPagerFlags );
  assert( pCur==0 || pCur->iPage>0 );

  if( pgno>btreePagecount(pBt) ){
    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    goto getAndInitPage_error;
  }

    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgno);
    releasePage(*ppPage);
    goto getAndInitPage_error;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;

getAndInitPage_error:
  if( pCur ){
    pCur->iPage--;
    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
  }
  testcase( pgno==0 );
  assert( pgno!=0 || rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT );
  return rc;
}

/*
** Release a MemPage.  This should be called once for each prior

/*
** Close a cursor.  The read lock on the database file is released
** when the last cursor is closed.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
  Btree *pBtree = pCur->pBtree;
  if( pBtree ){

    BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;
    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);

    assert( pBt->pCursor!=0 );
    if( pBt->pCursor==pCur ){
      pBt->pCursor = pCur->pNext;
    }else{
      BtCursor *pPrev = pBt->pCursor;
      do{
        if( pPrev->pNext==pCur ){
          pPrev->pNext = pCur->pNext;
          break;
        }
        pPrev = pPrev->pNext;
      }while( ALWAYS(pPrev) );
    }

    btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);

    unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
    sqlite3_free(pCur->aOverflow);
    sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Make sure the BtCursor* given in the argument has a valid
** BtCursor.info structure.  If it is not already valid, call
** btreeParseCell() to fill it in.
**
** BtCursor.info is a cache of the information in the current cell.
** Using this cache reduces the number of calls to btreeParseCell().
*/
#ifndef NDEBUG
  static void assertCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
    CellInfo info;

    memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
    btreeParseCell(pCur->pPage, pCur->ix, &info);
    assert( CORRUPT_DB || memcmp(&info, &pCur->info, sizeof(info))==0 );
  }
#else
  #define assertCellInfo(x)
#endif
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void getCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
  if( pCur->info.nSize==0 ){

    pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_ValidNKey;
    btreeParseCell(pCur->pPage,pCur->ix,&pCur->info);
  }else{
    assertCellInfo(pCur);
  }
}

#ifndef NDEBUG  /* The next routine used only within assert() statements */
/*

  u32 amt,             /* Read this many bytes */
  unsigned char *pBuf, /* Write the bytes into this buffer */ 
  int eOp              /* zero to read. non-zero to write. */
){
  unsigned char *aPayload;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int iIdx = 0;
  MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;               /* Btree page of current entry */
  BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;                  /* Btree this cursor belongs to */
#ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
  unsigned char * const pBufStart = pBuf;     /* Start of original out buffer */
#endif

  assert( pPage );
  assert( eOp==0 || eOp==1 );

** Return SQLITE_OK on success or an error code if anything goes
** wrong.  An error is returned if "offset+amt" is larger than
** the available payload.
*/
int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage );
  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
  return accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, (unsigned char*)pBuf, 0);
}

/*
** This variant of sqlite3BtreePayload() works even if the cursor has not
** in the CURSOR_VALID state.  It is only used by the sqlite3_blob_read()
** interface.

** any btree routine is called.
*/
static const void *fetchPayload(
  BtCursor *pCur,      /* Cursor pointing to entry to read from */
  u32 *pAmt            /* Write the number of available bytes here */
){
  u32 amt;
  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage);
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
  assert( pCur->info.nSize>0 );
  assert( pCur->info.pPayload>pCur->pPage->aData || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pCur->info.pPayload<pCur->pPage->aDataEnd ||CORRUPT_DB);
  amt = (int)(pCur->pPage->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload);
  if( pCur->info.nLocal<amt ) amt = pCur->info.nLocal;
  *pAmt = amt;
  return (void*)pCur->info.pPayload;
}


/*

  assert( pCur->iPage<BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH );
  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 );
  if( pCur->iPage>=(BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1) ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
  pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = pCur->ix;
  pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] = pCur->pPage;
  pCur->ix = 0;
  pCur->iPage++;
  return getAndInitPage(pBt, newPgno, &pCur->pPage, pCur, pCur->curPagerFlags);

}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Page pParent is an internal (non-leaf) tree page. This function 
** asserts that page number iChild is the left-child if the iIdx'th
** cell in page pParent. Or, if iIdx is equal to the total number of

**
** pCur->idx is set to the cell index that contains the pointer
** to the page we are coming from.  If we are coming from the
** right-most child page then pCur->idx is set to one more than
** the largest cell index.
*/
static void moveToParent(BtCursor *pCur){
  MemPage *pLeaf;
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( pCur->iPage>0 );
  assert( pCur->pPage );
  assertParentIndex(
    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1], 
    pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1], 
    pCur->pPage->pgno
  );
  testcase( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1] > pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1]->nCell );
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
  pCur->ix = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1];
  pLeaf = pCur->pPage;
  pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[--pCur->iPage];
  releasePageNotNull(pLeaf);
}

/*
** Move the cursor to point to the root page of its b-tree structure.
**
** If the table has a virtual root page, then the cursor is moved to point
** to the virtual root page instead of the actual root page. A table has a
** virtual root page when the actual root page contains no cells and a 
** single child page. This can only happen with the table rooted at page 1.
**
** If the b-tree structure is empty, the cursor state is set to 
** CURSOR_INVALID and this routine returns SQLITE_EMPTY. Otherwise,
** the cursor is set to point to the first cell located on the root
** (or virtual root) page and the cursor state is set to CURSOR_VALID.

**
** If this function returns successfully, it may be assumed that the
** page-header flags indicate that the [virtual] root-page is the expected 
** kind of b-tree page (i.e. if when opening the cursor the caller did not
** specify a KeyInfo structure the flags byte is set to 0x05 or 0x0D,
** indicating a table b-tree, or if the caller did specify a KeyInfo 
** structure the flags byte is set to 0x02 or 0x0A, indicating an index
** b-tree).
*/
static int moveToRoot(BtCursor *pCur){
  MemPage *pRoot;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( CURSOR_INVALID < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
  assert( CURSOR_VALID   < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
  assert( CURSOR_FAULT   > CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
  assert( pCur->eState < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK || pCur->iPage<0 );
  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot>0 || pCur->iPage<0 );

  if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
    if( pCur->iPage ){
      releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
      while( --pCur->iPage ){
        releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
      }
      pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[0];
      goto skip_init;
    }
  }else if( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 ){
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
    return SQLITE_EMPTY;
  }else{
    assert( pCur->iPage==(-1) );
    if( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
      if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
        assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
        return pCur->skipNext;
      }
      sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
    }
    rc = getAndInitPage(pCur->pBtree->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->pPage,
                        0, pCur->curPagerFlags);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
      return rc;
    }
    pCur->iPage = 0;
    pCur->curIntKey = pCur->pPage->intKey;
  }
  pRoot = pCur->pPage;
  assert( pRoot->pgno==pCur->pgnoRoot );

  /* If pCur->pKeyInfo is not NULL, then the caller that opened this cursor
  ** expected to open it on an index b-tree. Otherwise, if pKeyInfo is
  ** NULL, the caller expects a table b-tree. If this is not the case,
  ** return an SQLITE_CORRUPT error. 
  **
  ** Earlier versions of SQLite assumed that this test could not fail
  ** if the root page was already loaded when this function was called (i.e.
  ** if pCur->iPage>=0). But this is not so if the database is corrupted 
  ** in such a way that page pRoot is linked into a second b-tree table 
  ** (or the freelist).  */
  assert( pRoot->intKey==1 || pRoot->intKey==0 );
  if( pRoot->isInit==0 || (pCur->pKeyInfo==0)!=pRoot->intKey ){
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pCur->pPage->pgno);
  }

skip_init:  
  pCur->ix = 0;
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);

  pRoot = pCur->pPage;
  if( pRoot->nCell>0 ){
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
  }else if( !pRoot->leaf ){
    Pgno subpage;
    if( pRoot->pgno!=1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    subpage = get4byte(&pRoot->aData[pRoot->hdrOffset+8]);
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
    rc = moveToChild(pCur, subpage);
  }else{
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
    rc = SQLITE_EMPTY;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Move the cursor down to the left-most leaf entry beneath the
** entry to which it is currently pointing.
**
** The left-most leaf is the one with the smallest key - the first
** in ascending order.
*/
static int moveToLeftmost(BtCursor *pCur){
  Pgno pgno;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  MemPage *pPage;

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->pPage)->leaf ){
    assert( pCur->ix<pPage->nCell );
    pgno = get4byte(findCell(pPage, pCur->ix));
    rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
  }
  return rc;
}

static int moveToRightmost(BtCursor *pCur){
  Pgno pgno;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  MemPage *pPage = 0;

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  while( !(pPage = pCur->pPage)->leaf ){
    pgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
    pCur->ix = pPage->nCell;
    rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
    if( rc ) return rc;
  }
  pCur->ix = pPage->nCell-1;
  assert( pCur->info.nSize==0 );

int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
  int rc;

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){

    assert( pCur->pPage->nCell>0 );
    *pRes = 0;
    rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
    *pRes = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;

  }
  return rc;
}

/* Move the cursor to the last entry in the table.  Return SQLITE_OK
** on success.  Set *pRes to 0 if the cursor actually points to something
** or set *pRes to 1 if the table is empty.

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* This block serves to assert() that the cursor really does point 
    ** to the last entry in the b-tree. */
    int ii;
    for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
      assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
    }
    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
    assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
#endif
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){




    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
    *pRes = 0;
    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
    }else{
      pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
    }
  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){

    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
    *pRes = 1;
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }
  return rc;
}

/* Move the cursor so that it points to an entry near the key 
** specified by pIdxKey or intKey.   Return a success code.
**

    );
  }else{
    xRecordCompare = 0; /* All keys are integers */
  }

  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){

      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );



      *pRes = -1;

      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
    return rc;
  }
  assert( pCur->pPage );
  assert( pCur->pPage->isInit );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( pCur->pPage->nCell > 0 );
  assert( pCur->iPage==0 || pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==pCur->curIntKey );
  assert( pCur->curIntKey || pIdxKey );
  for(;;){
    int lwr, upr, idx, c;
    Pgno chldPg;
    MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;
    u8 *pCell;                          /* Pointer to current cell in pPage */

    /* pPage->nCell must be greater than zero. If this is the root-page
    ** the cursor would have been INVALID above and this for(;;) loop
    ** not run. If this is not the root-page, then the moveToChild() routine
    ** would have already detected db corruption. Similarly, pPage must
    ** be the right kind (index or table) of b-tree page. Otherwise

        assert( lwr+upr>=0 );
        idx = (lwr+upr)>>1;  /* idx = (lwr+upr)/2 */
      }
    }
    assert( lwr==upr+1 || (pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf) );
    assert( pPage->isInit );
    if( pPage->leaf ){
      assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
      pCur->ix = (u16)idx;
      *pRes = c;
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
      goto moveto_finish;
    }
moveto_next_layer:
    if( lwr>=pPage->nCell ){

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );

  /* Currently this interface is only called by the OP_IfSmaller
  ** opcode, and it that case the cursor will always be valid and
  ** will always point to a leaf node. */
  if( NEVER(pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID) ) return -1;
  if( NEVER(pCur->pPage->leaf==0) ) return -1;

  n = pCur->pPage->nCell;
  for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
    n *= pCur->apPage[i]->nCell;
  }
  return n;
}

/*
** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database. 

        pCur->skipNext = 0;
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }
      pCur->skipNext = 0;
    }
  }

  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  idx = ++pCur->ix;
  assert( pPage->isInit );

  /* If the database file is corrupt, it is possible for the value of idx 
  ** to be invalid here. This can only occur if a second cursor modifies
  ** the page while cursor pCur is holding a reference to it. Which can
  ** only happen if the database is corrupt in such a way as to link the

    }
    do{
      if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
        pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
        return SQLITE_DONE;
      }
      moveToParent(pCur);
      pPage = pCur->pPage;
    }while( pCur->ix>=pPage->nCell );
    if( pPage->intKey ){
      return sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, 0);
    }else{
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

  UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
  assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return btreeNext(pCur);
  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  if( (++pCur->ix)>=pPage->nCell ){
    pCur->ix--;
    return btreeNext(pCur);
  }
  if( pPage->leaf ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }else{

        pCur->skipNext = 0;
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }
      pCur->skipNext = 0;
    }
  }

  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  assert( pPage->isInit );
  if( !pPage->leaf ){
    int idx = pCur->ix;
    rc = moveToChild(pCur, get4byte(findCell(pPage, idx)));
    if( rc ) return rc;
    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
  }else{
    while( pCur->ix==0 ){
      if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
        pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
        return SQLITE_DONE;
      }
      moveToParent(pCur);
    }
    assert( pCur->info.nSize==0 );
    assert( (pCur->curFlags & (BTCF_ValidOvfl))==0 );

    pCur->ix--;
    pPage = pCur->pPage;
    if( pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, 0);
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}
int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
  assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
  UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
  pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey);
  pCur->info.nSize = 0;
  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID
   || pCur->ix==0
   || pCur->pPage->leaf==0
  ){
    return btreePrevious(pCur);
  }
  pCur->ix--;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

  u8 *pFree = 0;

  VVA_ONLY( int balance_quick_called = 0 );
  VVA_ONLY( int balance_deeper_called = 0 );

  do {
    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
    MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;

    if( iPage==0 ){
      if( pPage->nOverflow ){
        /* The root page of the b-tree is overfull. In this case call the
        ** balance_deeper() function to create a new child for the root-page
        ** and copy the current contents of the root-page to it. The
        ** next iteration of the do-loop will balance the child page.
        */ 
        assert( balance_deeper_called==0 );
        VVA_ONLY( balance_deeper_called++ );
        rc = balance_deeper(pPage, &pCur->apPage[1]);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          pCur->iPage = 1;
          pCur->ix = 0;
          pCur->aiIdx[0] = 0;
          pCur->apPage[0] = pPage;
          pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[1];
          assert( pCur->pPage->nOverflow );
        }
      }else{
        break;
      }
    }else if( pPage->nOverflow==0 && pPage->nFree<=nMin ){
      break;
    }else{

      pPage->nOverflow = 0;

      /* The next iteration of the do-loop balances the parent page. */
      releasePage(pPage);
      pCur->iPage--;
      assert( pCur->iPage>=0 );
      pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
    }
  }while( rc==SQLITE_OK );

  if( pFree ){
    sqlite3PageFree(pFree);
  }
  return rc;

    }else{
      rc = btreeMoveto(pCur, pX->pKey, pX->nKey, flags!=0, &loc);
    }
    if( rc ) return rc;
  }
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || (pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID && loc) );

  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  assert( pPage->intKey || pX->nKey>=0 );
  assert( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey );

  TRACE(("INSERT: table=%d nkey=%lld ndata=%d page=%d %s\n",
          pCur->pgnoRoot, pX->nKey, pX->nData, pPage->pgno,
          loc==0 ? "overwrite" : "new entry"));
  assert( pPage->isInit );

    pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey);
    rc = balance(pCur);

    /* Must make sure nOverflow is reset to zero even if the balance()
    ** fails. Internal data structure corruption will result otherwise. 
    ** Also, set the cursor state to invalid. This stops saveCursorPosition()
    ** from trying to save the current position of the cursor.  */
    pCur->pPage->nOverflow = 0;
    pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
    if( (flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION) && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
      if( pCur->pKeyInfo ){
        assert( pCur->pKey==0 );
        pCur->pKey = sqlite3Malloc( pX->nKey );
        if( pCur->pKey==0 ){
          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
        }else{
          memcpy(pCur->pKey, pX->pKey, pX->nKey);
        }
      }
      pCur->eState = CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK;
      pCur->nKey = pX->nKey;
    }
  }
  assert( pCur->iPage<0 || pCur->pPage->nOverflow==0 );

end_insert:
  return rc;
}

/*
** Delete the entry that the cursor is pointing to. 

  assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
  assert( pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
  assert( (pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0 );
  assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag );
  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
  assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
  assert( (flags & ~(BTREE_SAVEPOSITION | BTREE_AUXDELETE))==0 );

  iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
  iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
  pPage = pCur->pPage;
  pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);

  /* If the bPreserve flag is set to true, then the cursor position must
  ** be preserved following this delete operation. If the current delete
  ** will cause a b-tree rebalance, then this is done by saving the cursor
  ** key and leaving the cursor in CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK state before 
  ** returning. 

  /* If the cell deleted was not located on a leaf page, then the cursor
  ** is currently pointing to the largest entry in the sub-tree headed
  ** by the child-page of the cell that was just deleted from an internal
  ** node. The cell from the leaf node needs to be moved to the internal
  ** node to replace the deleted cell.  */
  if( !pPage->leaf ){
    MemPage *pLeaf = pCur->pPage;
    int nCell;
    Pgno n;
    unsigned char *pTmp;

    if( iCellDepth<pCur->iPage-1 ){
      n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
    }else{
      n = pCur->pPage->pgno;
    }
    pCell = findCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1);
    if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
    nCell = pLeaf->xCellSize(pLeaf, pCell);
    assert( MX_CELL_SIZE(pBt) >= nCell );
    pTmp = pBt->pTmpSpace;
    assert( pTmp!=0 );
    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pLeaf->pDbPage);

  ** on the leaf node first. If the balance proceeds far enough up the
  ** tree that we can be sure that any problem in the internal node has
  ** been corrected, so be it. Otherwise, after balancing the leaf node,
  ** walk the cursor up the tree to the internal node and balance it as 
  ** well.  */
  rc = balance(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
    releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
    pCur->iPage--;
    while( pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
      releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
    }
    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
    rc = balance(pCur);
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( bSkipnext ){
      assert( bPreserve && (pCur->iPage==iCellDepth || CORRUPT_DB) );
      assert( pPage==pCur->pPage || CORRUPT_DB );
      assert( (pPage->nCell>0 || CORRUPT_DB) && iCellIdx<=pPage->nCell );
      pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
      if( iCellIdx>=pPage->nCell ){
        pCur->skipNext = -1;
        pCur->ix = pPage->nCell-1;
      }else{
        pCur->skipNext = 1;
      }
    }else{
      rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
      if( bPreserve ){
        btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
        pCur->eState = CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK;
      }
      if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Create a new BTree table.  Write into *piTable the page

** Otherwise, if an error is encountered (i.e. an IO error or database
** corruption) an SQLite error code is returned.
*/
int sqlite3BtreeCount(BtCursor *pCur, i64 *pnEntry){
  i64 nEntry = 0;                      /* Value to return in *pnEntry */
  int rc;                              /* Return code */

  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
  if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
    *pnEntry = 0;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }


  /* Unless an error occurs, the following loop runs one iteration for each
  ** page in the B-Tree structure (not including overflow pages). 
  */
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int iIdx;                          /* Index of child node in parent */
    MemPage *pPage;                    /* Current page of the b-tree */

    /* If this is a leaf page or the tree is not an int-key tree, then 
    ** this page contains countable entries. Increment the entry counter
    ** accordingly.
    */
    pPage = pCur->pPage;
    if( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey ){
      nEntry += pPage->nCell;
    }

    /* pPage is a leaf node. This loop navigates the cursor so that it 
    ** points to the first interior cell that it points to the parent of
    ** the next page in the tree that has not yet been visited. The

      do {
        if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
          /* All pages of the b-tree have been visited. Return successfully. */
          *pnEntry = nEntry;
          return moveToRoot(pCur);
        }
        moveToParent(pCur);
      }while ( pCur->ix>=pCur->pPage->nCell );

      pCur->ix++;
      pPage = pCur->pPage;
    }

    /* Descend to the child node of the cell that the cursor currently 
    ** points at. This is the right-child if (iIdx==pPage->nCell).
    */
    iIdx = pCur->ix;
    if( iIdx==pPage->nCell ){

  if( (pCsr->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)==0 ){
    return SQLITE_READONLY;
  }
  assert( (pCsr->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_READ_ONLY)==0
              && pCsr->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
  assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot, 0, 2) );
  assert( !hasReadConflicts(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot) );
  assert( pCsr->pPage->intKey );

  return accessPayload(pCsr, offset, amt, (unsigned char *)z, 1);
}

/* 
** Mark this cursor as an incremental blob cursor.
*/

  ** sqlite3BtreeCursorZero().  Fields that follow must be manually
  ** initialized. */
  i8 iPage;                 /* Index of current page in apPage */
  u8 curIntKey;             /* Value of apPage[0]->intKey */
  u16 ix;                   /* Current index for apPage[iPage] */
  u16 aiIdx[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1];     /* Current index in apPage[i] */
  struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;            /* Arg passed to comparison function */
  MemPage *pPage;                        /* Current page */
  MemPage *apPage[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1]; /* Stack of parents of current page */
};

/*
** Legal values for BtCursor.curFlags
*/
#define BTCF_WriteFlag    0x01   /* True if a write cursor */
#define BTCF_ValidNKey    0x02   /* True if info.nKey is valid */

  switch( op ){
    case TK_INTEGER:
    case TK_STRING:
    case TK_FLOAT:
    case TK_BLOB:
      return 0;
    case TK_COLUMN:

      return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
             p->pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
             (p->iColumn>=0 && p->pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
    default:
      return 1;
  }
}

/*

  fullName = (db->flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0;
  srcName = (db->flags & SQLITE_ShortColNames)!=0 || fullName;
  sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, pEList->nExpr);
  for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;

    assert( p!=0 );
    assert( p->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* Agg processing has not run yet */
    assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || p->pTab!=0 ); /* Covering indexes not yet coded */
    if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
      /* An AS clause always takes first priority */
      char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_NAME, zName, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
    }else if( srcName && p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      char *zCol;
      int iCol = p->iColumn;

#define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
#define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
#define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
#define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
#define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
#define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
#define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */

                         ** TK_SELECT_COLUMN: column of the result vector */
  i16 iAgg;              /* Which entry in pAggInfo->aCol[] or ->aFunc[] */
  i16 iRightJoinTable;   /* If EP_FromJoin, the right table of the join */
  u8 op2;                /* TK_REGISTER: original value of Expr.op
                         ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
                         ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions.  Can be NULL
                         ** for a column of an index on an expression */
};

/*
** The following are the meanings of bits in the Expr.flags field.
*/
#define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
#define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */

  int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */
  int i;             /* Loop counter */
  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
  Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */
  const u8 *zData;   /* Part of the record being decoded */
  const u8 *zHdr;    /* Next unparsed byte of the header */
  const u8 *zEndHdr; /* Pointer to first byte after the header */

  u64 offset64;      /* 64-bit offset */

  u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
  Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */

  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  p2 = pOp->p2;

  /* If the cursor cache is stale (meaning it is not currently point at

  if( pC->cacheStatus!=p->cacheCtr ){                /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
    if( pC->nullRow ){
      if( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO ){
        assert( pC->uc.pseudoTableReg>0 );
        pReg = &aMem[pC->uc.pseudoTableReg];
        assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
        assert( memIsValid(pReg) );
        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = pReg->n;
        pC->aRow = (u8*)pReg->z;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
        goto op_column_out;
      }
    }else{
      pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
      assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
      assert( pCrsr );
      assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
      pC->payloadSize = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCrsr);
      pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCrsr, &pC->szRow);
      assert( pC->szRow<=pC->payloadSize );
      assert( pC->szRow<=65536 );  /* Maximum page size is 64KiB */


      if( pC->payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
        goto too_big;


      }
    }
    pC->cacheStatus = p->cacheCtr;
    pC->iHdrOffset = getVarint32(pC->aRow, aOffset[0]);
    pC->nHdrParsed = 0;



    if( pC->szRow<aOffset[0] ){      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
      /* pC->aRow does not have to hold the entire row, but it does at least
      ** need to cover the header of the record.  If pC->aRow does not contain
      ** the complete header, then set it to zero, forcing the header to be
      ** dynamically allocated. */
      pC->aRow = 0;
      pC->szRow = 0;

      /* Make sure a corrupt database has not given us an oversize header.
      ** Do this now to avoid an oversize memory allocation.
      **
      ** Type entries can be between 1 and 5 bytes each.  But 4 and 5 byte
      ** types use so much data space that there can only be 4096 and 32 of
      ** them, respectively.  So the maximum header length results from a
      ** 3-byte type for each of the maximum of 32768 columns plus three
      ** extra bytes for the header length itself.  32768*3 + 3 = 98307.
      */
      if( aOffset[0] > 98307 || aOffset[0] > pC->payloadSize ){
        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        goto abort_due_to_error;
      }
    }else{
      /* This is an optimization.  By skipping over the first few tests
      ** (ex: pC->nHdrParsed<=p2) in the next section, we achieve a
      ** measurable performance gain.

      **
      ** This branch is taken even if aOffset[0]==0.  Such a record is never
      ** generated by SQLite, and could be considered corruption, but we
      ** accept it for historical reasons.  When aOffset[0]==0, the code this
      ** branch jumps to reads past the end of the record, but never more
      ** than a few bytes.  Even if the record occurs at the end of the page
      ** content area, the "page header" comes after the page content and so
      ** this overread is harmless.  Similar overreads can occur for a corrupt
      ** database file.
      */
      zData = pC->aRow;
      assert( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 );         /* Conditional skipped */
      testcase( aOffset[0]==0 );
      goto op_column_read_header;
    }
  }

  /* Make sure at least the first p2+1 entries of the header have been
  ** parsed and valid information is in aOffset[] and pC->aType[].
  */

  
      /* Fill in pC->aType[i] and aOffset[i] values through the p2-th field. */
    op_column_read_header:
      i = pC->nHdrParsed;
      offset64 = aOffset[i];
      zHdr = zData + pC->iHdrOffset;
      zEndHdr = zData + aOffset[0];
      testcase( zHdr>=zEndHdr );
      do{
        if( (t = zHdr[0])<0x80 ){
          zHdr++;
          offset64 += sqlite3VdbeOneByteSerialTypeLen(t);
        }else{
          zHdr += sqlite3GetVarint32(zHdr, &t);
          offset64 += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(t);
        }
        pC->aType[i++] = t;
        aOffset[i] = (u32)(offset64 & 0xffffffff);
      }while( i<=p2 && zHdr<zEndHdr );

      /* The record is corrupt if any of the following are true:
      ** (1) the bytes of the header extend past the declared header size
      ** (2) the entire header was used but not all data was used
      ** (3) the end of the data extends beyond the end of the record.
      */
      if( (zHdr>=zEndHdr && (zHdr>zEndHdr || offset64!=pC->payloadSize))
       || (offset64 > pC->payloadSize)
      ){
        if( aOffset[0]==0 ){
          i = 0;
          zHdr = zEndHdr;
        }else{
          if( pC->aRow==0 ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
          goto abort_due_to_error;
        }
      }

      pC->nHdrParsed = i;
      pC->iHdrOffset = (u32)(zHdr - zData);
      if( pC->aRow==0 ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
    }else{
      t = 0;

#
do_execsql_test indexexpr1-1300.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1300(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
  INSERT INTO t1300 VALUES(1,'coffee'),(2,'COFFEE'),(3,'stress'),(4,'STRESS');
  CREATE INDEX t1300bexpr ON t1300( substr(b,4) );
  SELECT a FROM t1300 WHERE substr(b,4)='ess' COLLATE nocase ORDER BY +a;
} {3 4}

# Ticket https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/aa98619a
# Assertion fault using an index on a constant
#
do_execsql_test indexexpr1-1400 {
  CREATE TABLE t1400(x TEXT);
  CREATE INDEX t1400x ON t1400(1);  -- Index on a constant
  SELECT 1 IN (SELECT 2) FROM t1400;
} {}
do_execsql_test indexexpr1-1410 {
  INSERT INTO t1400 VALUES('a'),('b');
  SELECT 1 IN (SELECT 2) FROM t1400;
} {0 0}
do_execsql_test indexexpr1-1420 {
  SELECT 1 IN (SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 1) FROM t1400;
} {1 1}
do_execsql_test indexexpr1-1430 {
  DROP INDEX t1400x;
  CREATE INDEX t1400x ON t1400(abs(15+3));
  SELECT abs(15+3) IN (SELECT 17 UNION ALL SELECT 18) FROM t1;
} {1 1}


finish_test