**     COPY
**     VACUUM
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**     PRAGMA
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.60 2001/12/21 14:30:43 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** This routine is called after a single SQL statement has been
** parsed and we want to execute the VDBE code to implement 
................................................................................
    addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileRead, pTab->nCol, end);
    if( pDelimiter ){
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, pDelimiter->z, pDelimiter->n);
      sqliteVdbeDequoteP3(v, addr);
    }else{
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, "\t", 1);
    }




    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, 0, 0);

    if( pTab->pIndex ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
    }
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){





      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, i, 0);

    }
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, 0, 0);
    for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
      if( pIdx->pNext ){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
      }

**     COPY
**     VACUUM
**     BEGIN TRANSACTION
**     COMMIT
**     ROLLBACK
**     PRAGMA
**
** $Id: build.c,v 1.61 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** This routine is called after a single SQL statement has been
** parsed and we want to execute the VDBE code to implement 
................................................................................
    addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileRead, pTab->nCol, end);
    if( pDelimiter ){
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, pDelimiter->z, pDelimiter->n);
      sqliteVdbeDequoteP3(v, addr);
    }else{
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, addr, "\t", 1);
    }
    if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, pTab->iPKey, 0);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, 0);
    }else{
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, 0, 0);
    }
    if( pTab->pIndex ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
    }
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
        /* The integer primary key column is filled with NULL since its
        ** value is always pulled from the record number */
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_FileColumn, i, 0);
      }
    }
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pTab->nCol, 0);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Put, 0, 0);
    for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
      if( pIdx->pNext ){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, 0, 0);
      }

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.27 2001/12/21 14:30:43 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is call to handle SQL of the following forms:
**
**    insert into TABLE (IDLIST) values(EXPRLIST)
................................................................................
  */
  if( keyColumn>=0 ){
    if( srcTab>=0 ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Column, srcTab, keyColumn);
    }else{
      sqliteExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr);
    }
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, 0, 0);  /* Make sure ROWID is an integer */
  }else{
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, base, 0);
  }

  /* If there are indices, we'll need this record number again, so make
  ** a copy.
  */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle INSERT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: insert.c,v 1.28 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** This routine is call to handle SQL of the following forms:
**
**    insert into TABLE (IDLIST) values(EXPRLIST)
................................................................................
  */
  if( keyColumn>=0 ){
    if( srcTab>=0 ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Column, srcTab, keyColumn);
    }else{
      sqliteExprCode(pParse, pList->a[keyColumn].pExpr);
    }
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, 0);
  }else{
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, base, 0);
  }

  /* If there are indices, we'll need this record number again, so make
  ** a copy.
  */

**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
**
** @(#) $Id: parse.y,v 1.40 2001/12/21 14:30:43 drh Exp $
*/
%token_prefix TK_
%token_type {Token}
%default_type {Token}
%extra_argument {Parse *pParse}
%syntax_error {
  sqliteSetString(&pParse->zErrMsg,"syntax error",0);
................................................................................

idxlist(A) ::= idxlist(X) COMMA idxitem(Y).  
     {A = sqliteIdListAppend(X,&Y);}
idxlist(A) ::= idxitem(Y).
     {A = sqliteIdListAppend(0,&Y);}
idxitem(A) ::= ids(X).          {A = X;}

///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
//

cmd ::= DROP INDEX ids(X).      {sqliteDropIndex(pParse, &X);}


///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= COPY ids(X) FROM ids(Y) USING DELIMITERS STRING(Z).
    {sqliteCopy(pParse,&X,&Y,&Z);}
cmd ::= COPY ids(X) FROM ids(Y).
    {sqliteCopy(pParse,&X,&Y,0);}

///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////

**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains SQLite's grammar for SQL.  Process this file
** using the lemon parser generator to generate C code that runs
** the parser.  Lemon will also generate a header file containing
** numeric codes for all of the tokens.
**
** @(#) $Id: parse.y,v 1.41 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
%token_prefix TK_
%token_type {Token}
%default_type {Token}
%extra_argument {Parse *pParse}
%syntax_error {
  sqliteSetString(&pParse->zErrMsg,"syntax error",0);
................................................................................

idxlist(A) ::= idxlist(X) COMMA idxitem(Y).  
     {A = sqliteIdListAppend(X,&Y);}
idxlist(A) ::= idxitem(Y).
     {A = sqliteIdListAppend(0,&Y);}
idxitem(A) ::= ids(X).          {A = X;}

///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
//

cmd ::= DROP INDEX ids(X).      {sqliteDropIndex(pParse, &X);}


///////////////////////////// The COPY command ///////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= COPY ids(X) FROM ids(Y) USING DELIMITERS STRING(Z).
    {sqliteCopy(pParse,&X,&Y,&Z);}
cmd ::= COPY ids(X) FROM ids(Y).
    {sqliteCopy(pParse,&X,&Y,0);}

///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.50 2001/12/16 20:05:06 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
*/
................................................................................
    if( p==0 ) continue;
    showFullNames = (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0;
    if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] && !showFullNames ){
      int addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v,OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, p->span.z, p->span.n);
      sqliteVdbeCompressSpace(v, addr);
    }else if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && pTabList ){




      if( pTabList->nId>1 || showFullNames ){
        char *zName = 0;
        Table *pTab = pTabList->a[p->iTable - pParse->nTab].pTab;
        char *zTab;
 
        zTab = pTabList->a[p->iTable - pParse->nTab].zAlias;
        if( showFullNames || zTab==0 ) zTab = pTab->zName;
        sqliteSetString(&zName, zTab, ".", pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].zName, 0);
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
        sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, zName, strlen(zName));
        sqliteFree(zName);
      }else{
        Table *pTab = pTabList->a[0].pTab;
        char *zName = pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].zName;
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
        sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, zName, P3_STATIC);
      }
    }else if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
      int addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v,OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, p->span.z, p->span.n);
      sqliteVdbeCompressSpace(v, addr);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.51 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
*/
................................................................................
    if( p==0 ) continue;
    showFullNames = (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0;
    if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] && !showFullNames ){
      int addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v,OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, p->span.z, p->span.n);
      sqliteVdbeCompressSpace(v, addr);
    }else if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && pTabList ){
      Table *pTab = pTabList->a[p->iTable - pParse->nTab].pTab;
      int iCol = p->iColumn;
      if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
      assert( iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol );
      if( pTabList->nId>1 || showFullNames ){
        char *zName = 0;

        char *zTab;
 
        zTab = pTabList->a[p->iTable - pParse->nTab].zAlias;
        if( showFullNames || zTab==0 ) zTab = pTab->zName;
        sqliteSetString(&zName, zTab, ".", pTab->aCol[iCol].zName, 0);
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
        sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, zName, strlen(zName));
        sqliteFree(zName);
      }else{

        char *zName = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
        sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, zName, P3_STATIC);
      }
    }else if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
      int addr = sqliteVdbeAddOp(v,OP_ColumnName, i, 0);
      sqliteVdbeChangeP3(v, -1, p->span.z, p->span.n);
      sqliteVdbeCompressSpace(v, addr);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
** presents to client programs.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.23 2001/11/03 23:57:09 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_H_
#define _SQLITE_H_
#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */

/*
** The version of the SQLite library.
................................................................................
#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* (Internal Only) Database table is empty */
#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* Too much data for one row of a table */
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to contraint violation */


/* If the parameter to this routine is one of the return value constants
** defined above, then this routine returns a constant text string which
** descripts (in English) the meaning of the return value.
*/
const char *sqlite_error_string(int);
#define sqliteErrStr sqlite_error_string  /* Legacy. Do not use in new code. */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
** presents to client programs.
**
** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.24 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_H_
#define _SQLITE_H_
#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */

/*
** The version of the SQLite library.
................................................................................
#define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
#define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* (Internal Only) Database table is empty */
#define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
#define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* Too much data for one row of a table */
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to contraint violation */
#define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */

/* If the parameter to this routine is one of the return value constants
** defined above, then this routine returns a constant text string which
** descripts (in English) the meaning of the return value.
*/
const char *sqlite_error_string(int);
#define sqliteErrStr sqlite_error_string  /* Legacy. Do not use in new code. */

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.23 2001/12/21 14:30:43 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Process an UPDATE statement.
*/
void sqliteUpdate(
................................................................................

  /* If changing the record number, remove the old record number
  ** from the top of the stack and replace it with the new one.
  */
  if( chngRecno ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
    sqliteExprCode(pParse, pRecnoExpr);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, 0, 0);
  }

  /* Compute new data for this record.  
  */
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, i, 0);

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle UPDATE statements.
**
** $Id: update.c,v 1.24 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Process an UPDATE statement.
*/
void sqliteUpdate(
................................................................................

  /* If changing the record number, remove the old record number
  ** from the top of the stack and replace it with the new one.
  */
  if( chngRecno ){
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
    sqliteExprCode(pParse, pRecnoExpr);
    sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, 0);
  }

  /* Compute new data for this record.  
  */
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Dup, i, 0);

**
*************************************************************************
** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
** strings, and stuff like that.
**
** $Id: util.c,v 1.33 2001/11/24 00:31:46 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** If malloc() ever fails, this global variable gets set to 1.
................................................................................
    case SQLITE_FULL:       z = "database is full";                      break;
    case SQLITE_CANTOPEN:   z = "unable to open database file";          break;
    case SQLITE_PROTOCOL:   z = "database locking protocol failure";     break;
    case SQLITE_EMPTY:      z = "table contains no data";                break;
    case SQLITE_SCHEMA:     z = "database schema has changed";           break;
    case SQLITE_TOOBIG:     z = "too much data for one table row";       break;
    case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT: z = "constraint failed";                     break;

    default:                z = "unknown error";                         break;
  }
  return z;
}

**
*************************************************************************
** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
**
** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
** strings, and stuff like that.
**
** $Id: util.c,v 1.34 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** If malloc() ever fails, this global variable gets set to 1.
................................................................................
    case SQLITE_FULL:       z = "database is full";                      break;
    case SQLITE_CANTOPEN:   z = "unable to open database file";          break;
    case SQLITE_PROTOCOL:   z = "database locking protocol failure";     break;
    case SQLITE_EMPTY:      z = "table contains no data";                break;
    case SQLITE_SCHEMA:     z = "database schema has changed";           break;
    case SQLITE_TOOBIG:     z = "too much data for one table row";       break;
    case SQLITE_CONSTRAINT: z = "constraint failed";                     break;
    case SQLITE_MISMATCH:   z = "datatype mismatch";                     break;
    default:                z = "unknown error";                         break;
  }
  return z;
}

** type to the other occurs as necessary.
** 
** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqliteVdbeExec()
** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
** a program instruction by instruction.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.101 2001/12/21 14:30:43 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
** moves, either by the OP_MoveTo or the OP_Next opcode.  The test
................................................................................
  if( *zNum!='e' && *zNum!='E' ) return 0;
  zNum++;
  if( *zNum=='-' || *zNum=='+' ) zNum++;
  if( !isdigit(*zNum) ) return 0;
  while( isdigit(*zNum) ) zNum++;
  return *zNum==0;
}










/*
** Delete a keylist
*/
static void KeylistFree(Keylist *p){
  while( p ){
    Keylist *pNext = p->pNext;
................................................................................
  "FileOpen",          "FileRead",          "FileColumn",        "AggReset",
  "AggFocus",          "AggIncr",           "AggNext",           "AggSet",
  "AggGet",            "SetInsert",         "SetFound",          "SetNotFound",
  "MakeRecord",        "MakeKey",           "MakeIdxKey",        "IncrKey",
  "Goto",              "If",                "Halt",              "ColumnCount",
  "ColumnName",        "Callback",          "NullCallback",      "Integer",
  "String",            "Pop",               "Dup",               "Pull",
  "Add",               "AddImm",            "Subtract",          "Multiply",
  "Divide",            "Remainder",         "BitAnd",            "BitOr",
  "BitNot",            "ShiftLeft",         "ShiftRight",        "AbsValue",
  "Precision",         "Min",               "Max",               "Like",
  "Glob",              "Eq",                "Ne",                "Lt",
  "Le",                "Gt",                "Ge",                "IsNull",
  "NotNull",           "Negative",          "And",               "Or",
  "Not",               "Concat",            "Noop",              "Strlen",
  "Substr",            "Limit",           
};

/*
** Given the name of an opcode, return its number.  Return 0 if
** there is no match.
**
** This routine is used for testing and debugging.
................................................................................
  }else if( pRight ){
    pTail->pNext = pRight;
  }
  return sHead.pNext;
}

/*
** Convert an integer into a big-endian integer.  In other words,
** make sure the most significant byte comes first.











*/
static int bigEndian(int x){
  union {
     char zBuf[sizeof(int)];
     int i;
  } ux;
  ux.zBuf[3] = x&0xff;
  ux.zBuf[2] = (x>>8)&0xff;
  ux.zBuf[1] = (x>>16)&0xff;
  ux.zBuf[0] = (x>>24)&0xff;
  return ux.i;
}










/*
** Code contained within the VERIFY() macro is not needed for correct
** execution.  It is there only to catch errors.  So when we compile
** with NDEBUG=1, the VERIFY() code is omitted.
*/
#ifdef NDEBUG
# define VERIFY(X)
................................................................................
case OP_AddImm: {
  int tos = p->tos;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  Integerify(p, tos);
  aStack[tos].i += pOp->p1;
  break;
}










































/* Opcode: Eq * P2 *
**
** Pop the top two elements from the stack.  If they are equal, then
** jump to instruction P2.  Otherwise, continue to the next instruction.
*/
/* Opcode: Ne * P2 *
................................................................................
      memcpy(&zNewKey[j], zStack[i] ? zStack[i] : aStack[i].z, aStack[i].n);
      j += aStack[i].n;
    }
  }
  if( addRowid ){
    u32 iKey;
    Integerify(p, p->tos-nField);
    iKey = bigEndian(aStack[p->tos-nField].i);
    memcpy(&zNewKey[j], &iKey, sizeof(u32));
  }
  if( pOp->p2==0 ) PopStack(p, nField+addRowid);
  VERIFY( NeedStack(p, p->tos+1); )
  p->tos++;
  aStack[p->tos].n = nByte;
  aStack[p->tos].flags = STK_Str|STK_Dyn;
................................................................................
  int tos = p->tos;
  Cursor *pC;

  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res;
    if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int ){
      int iKey = bigEndian(aStack[tos].i);
      sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, (char*)&iKey, sizeof(int), &res);
      pC->lastRecno = aStack[tos].i;
      pC->recnoIsValid = 1;
    }else{
      if( Stringify(p, tos) ) goto no_mem;
      sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, zStack[tos], aStack[tos].n, &res);
      pC->recnoIsValid = 0;
    }
    sqlite_search_count++;
    if( res<0 ){
................................................................................
  int tos = p->tos;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res, rx;
    if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int ){
      int iKey = bigEndian(aStack[tos].i);
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, (char*)&iKey, sizeof(int), &res);
    }else{
      if( Stringify(p, tos) ) goto no_mem;
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, zStack[tos], aStack[tos].n, &res);
    }
    alreadyExists = rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0;
  }
................................................................................
    do{
      if( cnt>5 ){
        v = sqliteRandomInteger();
      }else{
        v += sqliteRandomByte() + 1;
      }
      if( v==0 ) continue;
      x = bigEndian(v);
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, &x, sizeof(int), &res);
      cnt++;
    }while( cnt<1000 && rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0 );
    db->nextRowid = v;
    if( rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_FULL;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
................................................................................
    int nKey, iKey;
    if( (aStack[nos].flags & STK_Int)==0 ){
      if( Stringify(p, nos) ) goto no_mem;
      nKey = aStack[nos].n;
      zKey = zStack[nos];
    }else{
      nKey = sizeof(int);
      iKey = bigEndian(aStack[nos].i);
      zKey = (char*)&iKey;
    }
    if( pOp->p2 ){
      int res;
      rc = sqliteBtreeMoveto(p->aCsr[i].pCursor, zKey, nKey, &res);
      if( res==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
................................................................................
  VERIFY( if( NeedStack(p, p->tos) ) goto no_mem; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pCrsr = p->aCsr[i].pCursor)!=0 ){
    int v;
    if( p->aCsr[i].recnoIsValid ){
      v = p->aCsr[i].lastRecno;
    }else{
      sqliteBtreeKey(pCrsr, 0, sizeof(u32), (char*)&v);
      v = bigEndian(v);
    }
    aStack[tos].i = v;
    aStack[tos].flags = STK_Int;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................

  VERIFY( if( NeedStack(p, p->tos) ) goto no_mem; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pCrsr = p->aCsr[i].pCursor)!=0 ){
    int v;
    int sz;
    sqliteBtreeKeySize(pCrsr, &sz);
    sqliteBtreeKey(pCrsr, sz - sizeof(u32), sizeof(u32), (char*)&v);
    v = bigEndian(v);
    aStack[tos].i = v;
    aStack[tos].flags = STK_Int;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxGT P1 P2 *

** type to the other occurs as necessary.
** 
** Most of the code in this file is taken up by the sqliteVdbeExec()
** function which does the work of interpreting a VDBE program.
** But other routines are also provided to help in building up
** a program instruction by instruction.
**
** $Id: vdbe.c,v 1.102 2001/12/22 14:49:25 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** The following global variable is incremented every time a cursor
** moves, either by the OP_MoveTo or the OP_Next opcode.  The test
................................................................................
  if( *zNum!='e' && *zNum!='E' ) return 0;
  zNum++;
  if( *zNum=='-' || *zNum=='+' ) zNum++;
  if( !isdigit(*zNum) ) return 0;
  while( isdigit(*zNum) ) zNum++;
  return *zNum==0;
}

/*
** Return TRUE if zNum is an integer.
*/
static int isInteger(const char *zNum){
  if( *zNum=='-' || *zNum=='+' ) zNum++;
  while( isdigit(*zNum) ) zNum++;
  return *zNum==0;
}

/*
** Delete a keylist
*/
static void KeylistFree(Keylist *p){
  while( p ){
    Keylist *pNext = p->pNext;
................................................................................
  "FileOpen",          "FileRead",          "FileColumn",        "AggReset",
  "AggFocus",          "AggIncr",           "AggNext",           "AggSet",
  "AggGet",            "SetInsert",         "SetFound",          "SetNotFound",
  "MakeRecord",        "MakeKey",           "MakeIdxKey",        "IncrKey",
  "Goto",              "If",                "Halt",              "ColumnCount",
  "ColumnName",        "Callback",          "NullCallback",      "Integer",
  "String",            "Pop",               "Dup",               "Pull",
  "MustBeInt",         "Add",               "AddImm",            "Subtract",
  "Multiply",          "Divide",            "Remainder",         "BitAnd",
  "BitOr",             "BitNot",            "ShiftLeft",         "ShiftRight",
  "AbsValue",          "Precision",         "Min",               "Max",
  "Like",              "Glob",              "Eq",                "Ne",
  "Lt",                "Le",                "Gt",                "Ge",
  "IsNull",            "NotNull",           "Negative",          "And",
  "Or",                "Not",               "Concat",            "Noop",
  "Strlen",            "Substr",            "Limit",           
};

/*
** Given the name of an opcode, return its number.  Return 0 if
** there is no match.
**
** This routine is used for testing and debugging.
................................................................................
  }else if( pRight ){
    pTail->pNext = pRight;
  }
  return sHead.pNext;
}

/*
** Convert an integer in between the native integer format and
** the bigEndian format used as the record number for tables.
**
** The bigEndian format (most significant byte first) is used for
** record numbers so that records will sort into the correct order
** even though memcmp() is used to compare the keys.  On machines
** whose native integer format is little endian (ex: i486) the
** order of bytes is reversed.  On native big-endian machines
** (ex: Alpha, Sparc, Motorola) the byte order is the same.
**
** This function is its own inverse.  In other words
**
**         X == byteSwap(byteSwap(X))
*/
static int byteSwap(int x){
  union {
     char zBuf[sizeof(int)];
     int i;
  } ux;
  ux.zBuf[3] = x&0xff;
  ux.zBuf[2] = (x>>8)&0xff;
  ux.zBuf[1] = (x>>16)&0xff;
  ux.zBuf[0] = (x>>24)&0xff;
  return ux.i;
}

/*
** When converting from the native format to the key format and back
** again, in addition to changing the byte order we invert the high-order
** bit of the most significant byte.  This causes negative numbers to
** sort before positive numbers in the memcmp() function.
*/
#define keyToInt(X)   (byteSwap(X) ^ 0x80000000)
#define intToKey(X)   (byteSwap((X) ^ 0x80000000))

/*
** Code contained within the VERIFY() macro is not needed for correct
** execution.  It is there only to catch errors.  So when we compile
** with NDEBUG=1, the VERIFY() code is omitted.
*/
#ifdef NDEBUG
# define VERIFY(X)
................................................................................
case OP_AddImm: {
  int tos = p->tos;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  Integerify(p, tos);
  aStack[tos].i += pOp->p1;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: MustBeInt  * P2 *
** 
** Force the top of the stack to be an integer.  If the top of the
** stack is not an integer and cannot be comverted into an integer
** with out data loss, then jump immediately to P2, or if P2==0
** raise an SQLITE_MISMATCH exception.
*/
case OP_MustBeInt: {
  int tos = p->tos;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int ){
    /* Do nothing */
  }else if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Real ){
    int i = aStack[tos].r;
    double r = i;
    if( r!=aStack[tos].r ){
      goto mismatch;
    }
    aStack[tos].i = i;
  }else if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Str ){
    if( !isInteger(zStack[tos]) ){
      goto mismatch;
    }
    p->aStack[tos].i = atoi(p->zStack[tos]);
  }else{
    goto mismatch;
  }
  Release(p, tos);
  p->aStack[tos].flags = STK_Int;
  break;

mismatch:
  if( pOp->p2==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_MISMATCH;
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }else{
    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Eq * P2 *
**
** Pop the top two elements from the stack.  If they are equal, then
** jump to instruction P2.  Otherwise, continue to the next instruction.
*/
/* Opcode: Ne * P2 *
................................................................................
      memcpy(&zNewKey[j], zStack[i] ? zStack[i] : aStack[i].z, aStack[i].n);
      j += aStack[i].n;
    }
  }
  if( addRowid ){
    u32 iKey;
    Integerify(p, p->tos-nField);
    iKey = intToKey(aStack[p->tos-nField].i);
    memcpy(&zNewKey[j], &iKey, sizeof(u32));
  }
  if( pOp->p2==0 ) PopStack(p, nField+addRowid);
  VERIFY( NeedStack(p, p->tos+1); )
  p->tos++;
  aStack[p->tos].n = nByte;
  aStack[p->tos].flags = STK_Str|STK_Dyn;
................................................................................
  int tos = p->tos;
  Cursor *pC;

  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res;
    if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int ){
      int iKey = intToKey(aStack[tos].i);
      sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, (char*)&iKey, sizeof(int), &res);
      pC->lastRecno = aStack[tos].i;
      pC->recnoIsValid = res==0;
    }else{
      if( Stringify(p, tos) ) goto no_mem;
      sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, zStack[tos], aStack[tos].n, &res);
      pC->recnoIsValid = 0;
    }
    sqlite_search_count++;
    if( res<0 ){
................................................................................
  int tos = p->tos;
  int alreadyExists = 0;
  Cursor *pC;
  VERIFY( if( tos<0 ) goto not_enough_stack; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pC = &p->aCsr[i])->pCursor!=0 ){
    int res, rx;
    if( aStack[tos].flags & STK_Int ){
      int iKey = intToKey(aStack[tos].i);
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, (char*)&iKey, sizeof(int), &res);
    }else{
      if( Stringify(p, tos) ) goto no_mem;
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, zStack[tos], aStack[tos].n, &res);
    }
    alreadyExists = rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0;
  }
................................................................................
    do{
      if( cnt>5 ){
        v = sqliteRandomInteger();
      }else{
        v += sqliteRandomByte() + 1;
      }
      if( v==0 ) continue;
      x = intToKey(v);
      rx = sqliteBtreeMoveto(pC->pCursor, &x, sizeof(int), &res);
      cnt++;
    }while( cnt<1000 && rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0 );
    db->nextRowid = v;
    if( rx==SQLITE_OK && res==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_FULL;
      goto abort_due_to_error;
................................................................................
    int nKey, iKey;
    if( (aStack[nos].flags & STK_Int)==0 ){
      if( Stringify(p, nos) ) goto no_mem;
      nKey = aStack[nos].n;
      zKey = zStack[nos];
    }else{
      nKey = sizeof(int);
      iKey = intToKey(aStack[nos].i);
      zKey = (char*)&iKey;
    }
    if( pOp->p2 ){
      int res;
      rc = sqliteBtreeMoveto(p->aCsr[i].pCursor, zKey, nKey, &res);
      if( res==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
................................................................................
  VERIFY( if( NeedStack(p, p->tos) ) goto no_mem; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pCrsr = p->aCsr[i].pCursor)!=0 ){
    int v;
    if( p->aCsr[i].recnoIsValid ){
      v = p->aCsr[i].lastRecno;
    }else{
      sqliteBtreeKey(pCrsr, 0, sizeof(u32), (char*)&v);
      v = keyToInt(v);
    }
    aStack[tos].i = v;
    aStack[tos].flags = STK_Int;
  }
  break;
}

................................................................................

  VERIFY( if( NeedStack(p, p->tos) ) goto no_mem; )
  if( VERIFY( i>=0 && i<p->nCursor && ) (pCrsr = p->aCsr[i].pCursor)!=0 ){
    int v;
    int sz;
    sqliteBtreeKeySize(pCrsr, &sz);
    sqliteBtreeKey(pCrsr, sz - sizeof(u32), sizeof(u32), (char*)&v);
    v = keyToInt(v);
    aStack[tos].i = v;
    aStack[tos].flags = STK_Int;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IdxGT P1 P2 *

*************************************************************************
** Header file for the Virtual DataBase Engine (VDBE)
**
** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
**
** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.36 2001/11/08 00:45:22 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#include <stdio.h>

/*
** A single VDBE is an opaque structure named "Vdbe".  Only routines
................................................................................
#define OP_NullCallback       71

#define OP_Integer            72
#define OP_String             73
#define OP_Pop                74
#define OP_Dup                75
#define OP_Pull               76


#define OP_Add                77
#define OP_AddImm             78
#define OP_Subtract           79
#define OP_Multiply           80
#define OP_Divide             81
#define OP_Remainder          82
#define OP_BitAnd             83
#define OP_BitOr              84
#define OP_BitNot             85
#define OP_ShiftLeft          86
#define OP_ShiftRight         87
#define OP_AbsValue           88
#define OP_Precision          89
#define OP_Min                90
#define OP_Max                91
#define OP_Like               92
#define OP_Glob               93
#define OP_Eq                 94
#define OP_Ne                 95
#define OP_Lt                 96
#define OP_Le                 97
#define OP_Gt                 98
#define OP_Ge                 99
#define OP_IsNull            100
#define OP_NotNull           101
#define OP_Negative          102
#define OP_And               103
#define OP_Or                104
#define OP_Not               105
#define OP_Concat            106
#define OP_Noop              107

#define OP_Strlen            108
#define OP_Substr            109

#define OP_Limit             110

#define OP_MAX               110

/*
** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
** for a description of what each of these routines does.
*/
Vdbe *sqliteVdbeCreate(sqlite*);
void sqliteVdbeCreateCallback(Vdbe*, int*);

*************************************************************************
** Header file for the Virtual DataBase Engine (VDBE)
**
** This header defines the interface to the virtual database engine
** or VDBE.  The VDBE implements an abstract machine that runs a
** simple program to access and modify the underlying database.
**
** $Id: vdbe.h,v 1.37 2001/12/22 14:49:26 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#define _SQLITE_VDBE_H_
#include <stdio.h>

/*
** A single VDBE is an opaque structure named "Vdbe".  Only routines
................................................................................
#define OP_NullCallback       71

#define OP_Integer            72
#define OP_String             73
#define OP_Pop                74
#define OP_Dup                75
#define OP_Pull               76
#define OP_MustBeInt          77

#define OP_Add                78
#define OP_AddImm             79
#define OP_Subtract           80
#define OP_Multiply           81
#define OP_Divide             82
#define OP_Remainder          83
#define OP_BitAnd             84
#define OP_BitOr              85
#define OP_BitNot             86
#define OP_ShiftLeft          87
#define OP_ShiftRight         88
#define OP_AbsValue           89
#define OP_Precision          90
#define OP_Min                91
#define OP_Max                92
#define OP_Like               93
#define OP_Glob               94
#define OP_Eq                 95
#define OP_Ne                 96
#define OP_Lt                 97
#define OP_Le                 98
#define OP_Gt                 99
#define OP_Ge                100
#define OP_IsNull            101
#define OP_NotNull           102
#define OP_Negative          103
#define OP_And               104
#define OP_Or                105
#define OP_Not               106
#define OP_Concat            107
#define OP_Noop              108

#define OP_Strlen            109
#define OP_Substr            110

#define OP_Limit             111

#define OP_MAX               111

/*
** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
** for a description of what each of these routines does.
*/
Vdbe *sqliteVdbeCreate(sqlite*);
void sqliteVdbeCreateCallback(Vdbe*, int*);

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  Also found here are subroutines
** to generate VDBE code to evaluate expressions.
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.28 2001/11/12 13:51:43 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
** clause subexpression is separated from the others by an AND operator.
................................................................................
  int *aOrder;         /* Order in which pTabList entries are searched */
  int nExpr;           /* Number of subexpressions in the WHERE clause */
  int loopMask;        /* One bit set for each outer loop */
  int haveKey;         /* True if KEY is on the stack */
  int base;            /* First available index for OP_Open opcodes */
  int nCur;            /* Next unused cursor number */
  int aDirect[32];     /* If TRUE, then index this table using ROWID */



  ExprInfo aExpr[50];  /* The WHERE clause is divided into these expressions */

  /* Allocate space for aOrder[] and aiMem[]. */
  aOrder = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(int) * pTabList->nId );

  /* Allocate and initialize the WhereInfo structure that will become the
  ** return value.
................................................................................
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nId; i++){
    aOrder[i] = i;
  }

  /* Figure out what index to use (if any) for each nested loop.
  ** Make pWInfo->a[i].pIdx point to the index to use for the i-th nested
  ** loop where i==0 is the outer loop and i==pTabList->nId-1 is the inner
  ** loop.  If the expression uses only the ROWID field, then set
  ** aDirect[i] to 1.





  **
  ** Actually, if there are more than 32 tables in the join, only the
  ** first 32 tables are candidates for indices.
  */
  loopMask = 0;
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nId && i<ARRAYSIZE(aDirect); i++){
    int j;
................................................................................
    int idx = aOrder[i];
    Table *pTab = pTabList->a[idx].pTab;
    Index *pIdx;
    Index *pBestIdx = 0;
    int bestScore = 0;

    /* Check to see if there is an expression that uses only the
    ** ROWID field of this table.  If so, set aDirect[i] to 1.
    ** If not, set aDirect[i] to 0.


    */
    aDirect[i] = 0;


    for(j=0; j<nExpr; j++){
      if( aExpr[j].idxLeft==idx && aExpr[j].p->pLeft->iColumn<0
            && (aExpr[j].prereqRight & loopMask)==aExpr[j].prereqRight ){
        aDirect[i] = 1;
        break;





      }
      if( aExpr[j].idxRight==idx && aExpr[j].p->pRight->iColumn<0
            && (aExpr[j].prereqLeft & loopMask)==aExpr[j].prereqLeft ){
        aDirect[i] = 1;
        break;




      }
    }
    if( aDirect[i] ){


      loopMask |= 1<<idx;
      pWInfo->a[i].pIdx = 0;
      continue;
    }

    /* Do a search for usable indices.  Leave pBestIdx pointing to
    ** the "best" index.  pBestIdx is left set to NULL if no indices
................................................................................
  /* Generate the code to do the search
  */
  loopMask = 0;
  pWInfo->iBreak = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nId; i++){
    int j, k;
    int idx = aOrder[i];
    int goDirect;
    Index *pIdx;
    WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];

    if( i<ARRAYSIZE(aDirect) ){
      pIdx = pLevel->pIdx;
      goDirect = aDirect[i];
    }else{
      pIdx = 0;
      goDirect = 0;
    }

    if( goDirect ){

      /* Case 1:  We can directly reference a single row using the ROWID field.

      */

      for(k=0; k<nExpr; k++){
        if( aExpr[k].p==0 ) continue;

        if( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx 
           && (aExpr[k].prereqRight & loopMask)==aExpr[k].prereqRight 
           && aExpr[k].p->pLeft->iColumn<0
        ){

          sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pRight);
          aExpr[k].p = 0;
          break;
        }
        if( aExpr[k].idxRight==idx 
           && (aExpr[k].prereqLeft & loopMask)==aExpr[k].prereqLeft
           && aExpr[k].p->pRight->iColumn<0
        ){
          sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pLeft);
          aExpr[k].p = 0;
          break;
        }
      }
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, 0, 0);
      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = brk;

      if( i==pTabList->nId-1 && pushKey ){
        haveKey = 1;
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotFound, base+idx, brk);
        haveKey = 0;
      }
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( pIdx==0 ){
      /* Case 2:  There was no usable index.  We must do a complete
      **          scan of the entire database table.
      */
      int start;

      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, base+idx, brk);
      start = sqliteVdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = base+idx;
      pLevel->p2 = start;
      haveKey = 0;
    }else if( pLevel->score%4==0 ){
      /* Case 3:  All index constraints are equality operators.
      */
      int start;
      int testOp;
      int nColumn = pLevel->score/4;
      for(j=0; j<nColumn; j++){
        for(k=0; k<nExpr; k++){
          if( aExpr[k].p==0 ) continue;
................................................................................
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MoveTo, base+idx, 0);
        haveKey = 0;
      }
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = pLevel->iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = start;















    }else{
























































      /* Case 4: The contraints on the right-most index field are
      **         inequalities.
      */
      int score = pLevel->score;
      int nEqColumn = score/4;
      int start;
      int leFlag, geFlag;
      int testOp;

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.  Also found here are subroutines
** to generate VDBE code to evaluate expressions.
**
** $Id: where.c,v 1.29 2001/12/22 14:49:26 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** The query generator uses an array of instances of this structure to
** help it analyze the subexpressions of the WHERE clause.  Each WHERE
** clause subexpression is separated from the others by an AND operator.
................................................................................
  int *aOrder;         /* Order in which pTabList entries are searched */
  int nExpr;           /* Number of subexpressions in the WHERE clause */
  int loopMask;        /* One bit set for each outer loop */
  int haveKey;         /* True if KEY is on the stack */
  int base;            /* First available index for OP_Open opcodes */
  int nCur;            /* Next unused cursor number */
  int aDirect[32];     /* If TRUE, then index this table using ROWID */
  int iDirectEq[32];   /* Term of the form ROWID==X for the N-th table */
  int iDirectLt[32];   /* Term of the form ROWID<X or ROWID<=X */
  int iDirectGt[32];   /* Term of the form ROWID>X or ROWID>=X */
  ExprInfo aExpr[50];  /* The WHERE clause is divided into these expressions */

  /* Allocate space for aOrder[] and aiMem[]. */
  aOrder = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(int) * pTabList->nId );

  /* Allocate and initialize the WhereInfo structure that will become the
  ** return value.
................................................................................
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nId; i++){
    aOrder[i] = i;
  }

  /* Figure out what index to use (if any) for each nested loop.
  ** Make pWInfo->a[i].pIdx point to the index to use for the i-th nested
  ** loop where i==0 is the outer loop and i==pTabList->nId-1 is the inner
  ** loop. 
  **
  ** If terms exist that use the ROWID of any table, then set the
  ** iDirectEq[], iDirectLt[], or iDirectGt[] elements for that table
  ** to the index of the term containing the ROWID.  We always prefer
  ** to use a ROWID which can directly access a table rather than an
  ** index which requires two accesses.
  **
  ** Actually, if there are more than 32 tables in the join, only the
  ** first 32 tables are candidates for indices.
  */
  loopMask = 0;
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nId && i<ARRAYSIZE(aDirect); i++){
    int j;
................................................................................
    int idx = aOrder[i];
    Table *pTab = pTabList->a[idx].pTab;
    Index *pIdx;
    Index *pBestIdx = 0;
    int bestScore = 0;

    /* Check to see if there is an expression that uses only the
    ** ROWID field of this table.  For terms of the form ROWID==expr
    ** set iDirectEq[i] to the index of the term.  For terms of the
    ** form ROWID<expr or ROWID<=expr set iDirectLt[i] to the term index.
    ** For terms like ROWID>expr or ROWID>=expr set iDirectGt[i].
    */
    iDirectEq[i] = -1;
    iDirectLt[i] = -1;
    iDirectGt[i] = -1;
    for(j=0; j<nExpr; j++){
      if( aExpr[j].idxLeft==idx && aExpr[j].p->pLeft->iColumn<0
            && (aExpr[j].prereqRight & loopMask)==aExpr[j].prereqRight ){
        switch( aExpr[j].p->op ){
          case TK_EQ: iDirectEq[i] = j; break;
          case TK_LE:
          case TK_LT: iDirectLt[i] = j; break;
          case TK_GE:
          case TK_GT: iDirectGt[i] = j;  break;
        }
      }
      if( aExpr[j].idxRight==idx && aExpr[j].p->pRight->iColumn<0
            && (aExpr[j].prereqLeft & loopMask)==aExpr[j].prereqLeft ){
        switch( aExpr[j].p->op ){
          case TK_EQ: iDirectEq[i] = j;  break;
          case TK_LE:
          case TK_LT: iDirectGt[i] = j;  break;
          case TK_GE:
          case TK_GT: iDirectLt[i] = j;  break;
        }
      }

    }
    if( iDirectEq[i]>=0 ){
      loopMask |= 1<<idx;
      pWInfo->a[i].pIdx = 0;
      continue;
    }

    /* Do a search for usable indices.  Leave pBestIdx pointing to
    ** the "best" index.  pBestIdx is left set to NULL if no indices
................................................................................
  /* Generate the code to do the search
  */
  loopMask = 0;
  pWInfo->iBreak = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nId; i++){
    int j, k;
    int idx = aOrder[i];

    Index *pIdx;
    WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];


    pIdx = pLevel->pIdx;







    if( i<ARRAYSIZE(iDirectEq) && iDirectEq[i]>=0 ){
      /* Case 1:  We can directly reference a single row using an
      **          equality comparison against the ROWID field.
      */
      k = iDirectEq[i];
      assert( k<nExpr );
      assert( aExpr[k].p!=0 );
      assert( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx || aExpr[k].idxRight==idx );
      if( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx ){

        sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pRight);

      }else{
        sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pLeft);


      }





      aExpr[k].p = 0;




      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = brk;
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, brk);
      if( i==pTabList->nId-1 && pushKey ){
        haveKey = 1;
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotFound, base+idx, brk);
        haveKey = 0;
      }
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;














    }else if( pIdx!=0 && pLevel->score%4==0 ){
      /* Case 2:  All index constraints are equality operators.
      */
      int start;
      int testOp;
      int nColumn = pLevel->score/4;
      for(j=0; j<nColumn; j++){
        for(k=0; k<nExpr; k++){
          if( aExpr[k].p==0 ) continue;
................................................................................
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MoveTo, base+idx, 0);
        haveKey = 0;
      }
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = pLevel->iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = start;
    }else if( i<ARRAYSIZE(iDirectLt) && (iDirectLt[i]>=0 || iDirectGt[i]>=0) ){
      /* Case 3:  We have an inequality comparison against the ROWID field.
      */
      int testOp = OP_Noop;
      int start;

      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      if( iDirectGt[i]>=0 ){
        k = iDirectGt[i];
        assert( k<nExpr );
        assert( aExpr[k].p!=0 );
        assert( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx || aExpr[k].idxRight==idx );
        if( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx ){
          sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pRight);
        }else{
          sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pLeft);
        }
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, brk);
        if( aExpr[k].p->op==TK_LT || aExpr[k].p->op==TK_GT ){
          sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_AddImm, 1, 0);
        }
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MoveTo, base+idx, brk);
        aExpr[k].p = 0;
      }else{
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, base+idx, brk);
      }
      if( iDirectLt[i]>=0 ){
        k = iDirectLt[i];
        assert( k<nExpr );
        assert( aExpr[k].p!=0 );
        assert( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx || aExpr[k].idxRight==idx );
        if( aExpr[k].idxLeft==idx ){
          sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pRight);
        }else{
          sqliteExprCode(pParse, aExpr[k].p->pLeft);
        }
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MustBeInt, 0, sqliteVdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1);
        pLevel->iMem = pParse->nMem++;
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, pLevel->iMem, 0);
        if( aExpr[k].p->op==TK_LT || aExpr[k].p->op==TK_GT ){
          testOp = OP_Ge;
        }else{
          testOp = OP_Gt;
        }
        aExpr[k].p = 0;
      }
      start = sqliteVdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = base+idx;
      pLevel->p2 = start;
      if( testOp!=OP_Noop ){
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Recno, base+idx, 0);
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemLoad, pLevel->iMem, 0);
        sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, testOp, 0, brk);
      }
      haveKey = 0;
    }else if( pIdx==0 ){
      /* Case 4:  There was no usable index.  We must do a complete
      **          scan of the entire database table.
      */
      int start;

      brk = pLevel->brk = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      cont = pLevel->cont = sqliteVdbeMakeLabel(v);
      sqliteVdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, base+idx, brk);
      start = sqliteVdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
      pLevel->p1 = base+idx;
      pLevel->p2 = start;
      haveKey = 0;
    }else{
      /* Case 5: The contraints on the right-most index field are
      **         inequalities.
      */
      int score = pLevel->score;
      int nEqColumn = score/4;
      int start;
      int leFlag, geFlag;
      int testOp;

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing built-in functions.
#
# $Id: func.test,v 1.6 2001/10/20 12:30:12 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Create a table to work with.
#
do_test func-0.0 {
................................................................................
  catchsql {SELECT abs(c) FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
} {0 {3 12345.6789 5}}

do_test func-4.5 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(a,b,c) FROM t1}
} {1 {too many arguments to function round()}}
do_test func-4.6 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(b,2) FROM t1}
} {0 {2.00 1.23 -2.00}}
do_test func-4.7 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(b,0) FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
} {0 {2 1 -2}}
do_test func-4.8 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(c) FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
} {0 {3 -12346 -5}}
do_test func-4.9 {

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing built-in functions.
#
# $Id: func.test,v 1.7 2001/12/22 14:49:26 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Create a table to work with.
#
do_test func-0.0 {
................................................................................
  catchsql {SELECT abs(c) FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
} {0 {3 12345.6789 5}}

do_test func-4.5 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(a,b,c) FROM t1}
} {1 {too many arguments to function round()}}
do_test func-4.6 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(b,2) FROM t1 ORDER BY b}
} {0 {-2.00 1.23 2.00}}
do_test func-4.7 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(b,0) FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
} {0 {2 1 -2}}
do_test func-4.8 {
  catchsql {SELECT round(c) FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
} {0 {3 -12346 -5}}
do_test func-4.9 {

#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests for the special processing associated
# with INTEGER PRIMARY KEY columns.
#
# $Id: intpkey.test,v 1.1 2001/12/21 14:30:44 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Create a table with a primary key and a datatype other than
# integer
#
................................................................................
# as an index.
#
do_test intpkey-1.12 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a==7;
  }
} {7 one two}























































































































































































































































finish_test

#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests for the special processing associated
# with INTEGER PRIMARY KEY columns.
#
# $Id: intpkey.test,v 1.2 2001/12/22 14:49:26 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Create a table with a primary key and a datatype other than
# integer
#
................................................................................
# as an index.
#
do_test intpkey-1.12 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a==7;
  }
} {7 one two}

# Try to insert a non-integer value into the primary key field.  This
# should result in a data type mismatch.
#
do_test intpkey-1.13 {
  set r [catch {execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('x','y','z');
  }} msg]
  lappend r $msg
} {1 {datatype mismatch}}
do_test intpkey-1.14 {
  set r [catch {execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3.4,'y','z');
  }} msg]
  lappend r $msg
} {1 {datatype mismatch}}
do_test intpkey-1.15 {
  set r [catch {execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(-3,'y','z');
  }} msg]
  lappend r $msg
} {0 {}}
do_test intpkey-1.16 {
  execsql {SELECT * FROM t1}
} {-3 y z 5 hello world 6 second entry 7 one two}

#### INDICES
# Check to make sure indices work correctly with integer primary keys
#
do_test intpkey-2.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(b);
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b=='y'
  }
} {-3 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.1.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b=='y' AND rowid<0
  }
} {-3 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.1.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b=='y' AND rowid<0 AND rowid>=-20
  }
} {-3 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.1.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b>='y'
  }
} {-3 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.1.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b>='y' AND rowid<10
  }
} {-3 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE t1 SET a=8 WHERE b=='y';
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b=='y';
  }
} {8 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, * FROM t1;
  }
} {5 5 hello world 6 6 second entry 7 7 one two 8 8 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, * FROM t1 WHERE b<'second'
  }
} {5 5 hello world 7 7 one two}
do_test intpkey-2.4.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, * FROM t1 WHERE 'second'>b
  }
} {5 5 hello world 7 7 one two}
do_test intpkey-2.4.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, * FROM t1 WHERE 8>rowid AND 'second'>b
  }
} {5 5 hello world 7 7 one two}
do_test intpkey-2.4.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, * FROM t1 WHERE 8>rowid AND 'second'>b AND 0<rowid
  }
} {5 5 hello world 7 7 one two}
do_test intpkey-2.5 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, * FROM t1 WHERE b>'a'
  }
} {5 5 hello world 7 7 one two 6 6 second entry 8 8 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.6 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid=7;
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b>'a';
  }
} {5 hello world 6 second entry 8 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.7 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE t1 SET a=-4 WHERE rowid=8;
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b>'a';
  }
} {5 hello world 6 second entry -4 y z}
do_test intpkey-2.7 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1
  }
} {-4 y z 5 hello world 6 second entry}

# Do an SQL statement.  Append the search count to the end of the result.
#
proc count sql {
  set ::sqlite_search_count 0
  return [concat [execsql $sql] $::sqlite_search_count]
}

# Create indices that include the integer primary key as one of their
# columns.
#
do_test intpkey-3.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(a);
  }
} {}
do_test intpkey-3.2 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=5;
  }
} {5 hello world 0}
do_test intpkey-3.3 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a>4 AND a<6;
  }
} {5 hello world 2}
do_test intpkey-3.4 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b>='hello' AND b<'hello2';
  }
} {5 hello world 3}
do_test intpkey-3.5 {
  execsql {
    CREATE INDEX i3 ON t1(c,a);
  }
} {}
do_test intpkey-3.6 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=='world';
  }
} {5 hello world 3}
do_test intpkey-3.7 {
  execsql {INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(11,'hello','world')}
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=='world';
  }
} {5 hello world 11 hello world 5}
do_test intpkey-3.8 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c=='world' AND a>7;
  }
} {11 hello world 5}
do_test intpkey-3.9 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 7<a;
  }
} {11 hello world 1}

# Test inequality constraints on integer primary keys and rowids
#
do_test intpkey-4.1 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 11=rowid
  }
} {11 hello world 0}
do_test intpkey-4.2 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 11=rowid AND b=='hello'
  }
} {11 hello world 0}
do_test intpkey-4.3 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 11=rowid AND b=='hello' AND c IS NOT NULL;
  }
} {11 hello world 0}
do_test intpkey-4.4 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE rowid==11
  }
} {11 hello world 0}
do_test intpkey-4.5 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE oid==11 AND b=='hello'
  }
} {11 hello world 0}
do_test intpkey-4.6 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a==11 AND b=='hello' AND c IS NOT NULL;
  }
} {11 hello world 0}

do_test intpkey-4.7 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 8<rowid;
  }
} {11 hello world 1}
do_test intpkey-4.8 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 8<rowid AND 11>=oid;
  }
} {11 hello world 1}
do_test intpkey-4.9 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 11<=_rowid_ AND 12>=a;
  }
} {11 hello world 1}
do_test intpkey-4.10 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 0>=_rowid_;
  }
} {-4 y z 1}
do_test intpkey-4.11 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a<0;
  }
} {-4 y z 1}
do_test intpkey-4.12 {
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a<0 AND a>10;
  }
} {1}

# Make sure it is OK to insert a rowid of 0
#
do_test intpkey-5.1 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0,'zero','entry');
  }
  count {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0;
  }
} {0 zero entry 0}
do_test intpkey=5.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT rowid, a FROM t1
  }
} {-4 -4 0 0 5 5 6 6 11 11}


finish_test

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the use of indices in WHERE clases.
#
# $Id: where.test,v 1.4 2001/11/08 00:45:22 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Build some test data
#
do_test where-1.0 {
................................................................................
do_test where-1.35 {
  count {SELECT w FROM t1 WHERE w<3}
} {1 2 4}
do_test where-1.36 {
  count {SELECT w FROM t1 WHERE w<=3}
} {1 2 3 6}
do_test where-1.37 {
  count {SELECT w FROM t1 WHERE w+1<=4}
} {1 2 3 99}


# Do the same kind of thing except use a join as the data source.
#
do_test where-2.1 {
  count {

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the use of indices in WHERE clases.
#
# $Id: where.test,v 1.5 2001/12/22 14:49:26 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Build some test data
#
do_test where-1.0 {
................................................................................
do_test where-1.35 {
  count {SELECT w FROM t1 WHERE w<3}
} {1 2 4}
do_test where-1.36 {
  count {SELECT w FROM t1 WHERE w<=3}
} {1 2 3 6}
do_test where-1.37 {
  count {SELECT w FROM t1 WHERE w+1<=4 ORDER BY w}
} {1 2 3 99}


# Do the same kind of thing except use a join as the data source.
#
do_test where-2.1 {
  count {