if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;        /* FROM clause not a virtual table */
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;       /* One column in the result set */
  if( pEList->a[0].pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0; /* Result is a column */
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */










/*
** This function is used by the implementation of the IN (...) operator.
** It's job is to find or create a b-tree structure that may be used
** either to test for membership of the (...) set or to iterate through
** its members, skipping duplicates.
**
................................................................................
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int *prNotFound){
  Select *p;                            /* SELECT to the right of IN operator */
  int eType = 0;                        /* Type of RHS table. IN_INDEX_* */
  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;            /* Cursor of the RHS table */
  int mustBeUnique = (prNotFound==0);   /* True if RHS must be unique */


  assert( pX->op==TK_IN );

  /* Check to see if an existing table or index can be used to
  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new 
  ** ephemeral table.
  */
  p = (ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ? pX->x.pSelect : 0);
  if( ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && isCandidateForInOpt(p) ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;              /* Database connection */
    Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);      /* Virtual machine being coded */
    Table *pTab;                           /* Table <table>. */
    Expr *pExpr;                           /* Expression <column> */
    int iCol;                              /* Index of column <column> */
    int iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */

    assert( p );                        /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pEList!=0 );             /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
................................................................................

    /* This function is only called from two places. In both cases the vdbe
    ** has already been allocated. So assume sqlite3GetVdbe() is always
    ** successful here.
    */
    assert(v);
    if( iCol<0 ){
      int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
      int iAddr;

      iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, iMem);

      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;

      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
    }else{
      Index *pIdx;                         /* Iterator variable */
................................................................................
      int affinity_ok = (pTab->aCol[iCol].affinity==aff||aff==SQLITE_AFF_NONE);

      for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx && eType==0 && affinity_ok; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
        if( (pIdx->aiColumn[0]==iCol)
         && sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), pIdx->azColl[0], 0)==pReq
         && (!mustBeUnique || (pIdx->nColumn==1 && pIdx->onError!=OE_None))
        ){
          int iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
          int iAddr;
          char *pKey;
  
          pKey = (char *)sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
          iAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, iMem);
  
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iTab, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                               pKey,P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
          VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
          eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX;

          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
          if( prNotFound && !pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ){
            *prNotFound = ++pParse->nMem;

          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if( eType==0 ){
................................................................................
    ** We will have to generate an ephemeral table to do the job.
    */
    double savedNQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
    int rMayHaveNull = 0;
    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
    if( prNotFound ){
      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;

    }else{
      testcase( pParse->nQueryLoop>(double)1 );
      pParse->nQueryLoop = (double)1;
      if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
      }
    }
................................................................................
  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
  **    *  We are inside a trigger
  **
  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
  */
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) && !pParse->pTriggerTab ){
    int mem = ++pParse->nMem;
    testAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, mem);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
  if( pParse->explain==2 ){
    char *zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(
        pParse->db, "EXECUTE %s%s SUBQUERY %d", testAddr>=0?"":"CORRELATED ",
        pExpr->op==TK_IN?"LIST":"SCALAR", pParse->iNextSelectId

  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;        /* FROM clause not a virtual table */
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;       /* One column in the result set */
  if( pEList->a[0].pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0; /* Result is a column */
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

/*
** Code an OP_Once instruction and allocate space for its flag. Return the 
** address of the new instruction.
*/
int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *pParse){
  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);      /* Virtual machine being coded */
  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, pParse->nOnce++);
}

/*
** This function is used by the implementation of the IN (...) operator.
** It's job is to find or create a b-tree structure that may be used
** either to test for membership of the (...) set or to iterate through
** its members, skipping duplicates.
**
................................................................................
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int *prNotFound){
  Select *p;                            /* SELECT to the right of IN operator */
  int eType = 0;                        /* Type of RHS table. IN_INDEX_* */
  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;            /* Cursor of the RHS table */
  int mustBeUnique = (prNotFound==0);   /* True if RHS must be unique */
  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);     /* Virtual machine being coded */

  assert( pX->op==TK_IN );

  /* Check to see if an existing table or index can be used to
  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new 
  ** ephemeral table.
  */
  p = (ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ? pX->x.pSelect : 0);
  if( ALWAYS(pParse->nErr==0) && isCandidateForInOpt(p) ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;              /* Database connection */

    Table *pTab;                           /* Table <table>. */
    Expr *pExpr;                           /* Expression <column> */
    int iCol;                              /* Index of column <column> */
    int iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */

    assert( p );                        /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pEList!=0 );             /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
................................................................................

    /* This function is only called from two places. In both cases the vdbe
    ** has already been allocated. So assume sqlite3GetVdbe() is always
    ** successful here.
    */
    assert(v);
    if( iCol<0 ){

      int iAddr;

      iAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse);

      sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iTab, iDb, pTab, OP_OpenRead);
      eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;

      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
    }else{
      Index *pIdx;                         /* Iterator variable */
................................................................................
      int affinity_ok = (pTab->aCol[iCol].affinity==aff||aff==SQLITE_AFF_NONE);

      for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx && eType==0 && affinity_ok; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
        if( (pIdx->aiColumn[0]==iCol)
         && sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), pIdx->azColl[0], 0)==pReq
         && (!mustBeUnique || (pIdx->nColumn==1 && pIdx->onError!=OE_None))
        ){

          int iAddr;
          char *pKey;
  
          pKey = (char *)sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
          iAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse);
  
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenRead, iTab, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                               pKey,P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
          VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));
          eType = IN_INDEX_INDEX;

          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, iAddr);
          if( prNotFound && !pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ){
            *prNotFound = ++pParse->nMem;
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, *prNotFound);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if( eType==0 ){
................................................................................
    ** We will have to generate an ephemeral table to do the job.
    */
    double savedNQueryLoop = pParse->nQueryLoop;
    int rMayHaveNull = 0;
    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
    if( prNotFound ){
      *prNotFound = rMayHaveNull = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, *prNotFound);
    }else{
      testcase( pParse->nQueryLoop>(double)1 );
      pParse->nQueryLoop = (double)1;
      if( pX->pLeft->iColumn<0 && !ExprHasAnyProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        eType = IN_INDEX_ROWID;
      }
    }
................................................................................
  **    *  The right-hand side is a correlated subquery
  **    *  The right-hand side is an expression list containing variables
  **    *  We are inside a trigger
  **
  ** If all of the above are false, then we can run this code just once
  ** save the results, and reuse the same result on subsequent invocations.
  */
  if( !ExprHasAnyProperty(pExpr, EP_VarSelect) ){

    testAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse);
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
  if( pParse->explain==2 ){
    char *zMsg = sqlite3MPrintf(
        pParse->db, "EXECUTE %s%s SUBQUERY %d", testAddr>=0?"":"CORRELATED ",
        pExpr->op==TK_IN?"LIST":"SCALAR", pParse->iNextSelectId

  assert( v );   /* We failed long ago if this is not so */
  for(p = pParse->pAinc; p; p = p->pNext){
    pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
    memId = p->regCtr;
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pDb->pSchema) );
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, p->iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);

    addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, memId-1, 0, p->pTab->zName, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, 0, addr+9);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, 0, 0, memId);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, memId-1, addr+7, memId);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, memId+1);

  assert( v );   /* We failed long ago if this is not so */
  for(p = pParse->pAinc; p; p = p->pNext){
    pDb = &db->aDb[p->iDb];
    memId = p->regCtr;
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pDb->pSchema) );
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, 0, p->iDb, pDb->pSchema->pSeqTab, OP_OpenRead);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, memId, memId+1);
    addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, memId-1, 0, p->pTab->zName, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, 0, addr+9);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, 0, 0, memId);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, memId-1, addr+7, memId);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, memId+1);

      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;
      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      if( pItem->isCorrelated==0 && pParse->pTriggerTab==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is no correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */
        int regOnce = ++pParse->nMem;
        onceAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, regOnce);
      }
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      pItem->pTab->nRowEst = (unsigned)pSub->nSelectRow;
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
................................................................................
      pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
      iBMem = pParse->nMem + 1;
      pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iAbortFlag);
      VdbeComment((v, "clear abort flag"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iUseFlag);
      VdbeComment((v, "indicate accumulator empty"));


      /* Begin a loop that will extract all source rows in GROUP BY order.
      ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
      ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
      ** in the right order to begin with.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);

      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;
      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      if( pItem->isCorrelated==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is no correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */

        onceAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse);
      }
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      pItem->pTab->nRowEst = (unsigned)pSub->nSelectRow;
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
................................................................................
      pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
      iBMem = pParse->nMem + 1;
      pParse->nMem += pGroupBy->nExpr;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iAbortFlag);
      VdbeComment((v, "clear abort flag"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, iUseFlag);
      VdbeComment((v, "indicate accumulator empty"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, iAMem, iAMem+pGroupBy->nExpr-1);

      /* Begin a loop that will extract all source rows in GROUP BY order.
      ** This might involve two separate loops with an OP_Sort in between, or
      ** it might be a single loop that uses an index to extract information
      ** in the right order to begin with.
      */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReset, addrReset);

  int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
  int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
  int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
  int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
  int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */

  int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
  int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
  int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
  u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in the column cache */
  u8 iColCache;        /* Next entry of the cache to replace */
  struct yColCache {
    int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
................................................................................
void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse*,Token*);
void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Select*);
int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
                    sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);


Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);

  int aTempReg[8];     /* Holding area for temporary registers */
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */
  int iRangeReg;       /* First register in temporary register block */
  int nErr;            /* Number of errors seen */
  int nTab;            /* Number of previously allocated VDBE cursors */
  int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
  int nSet;            /* Number of sets used so far */
  int nOnce;           /* Number of OP_Once instructions so far */
  int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
  int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
  int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
  u8 nColCache;        /* Number of entries in the column cache */
  u8 iColCache;        /* Next entry of the cache to replace */
  struct yColCache {
    int iTable;           /* Table cursor number */
................................................................................
void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3AddColumnType(Parse*,Token*);
void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Select*);
int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
                    sqlite3_vfs**,char**,char **);
int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *);

Bitvec *sqlite3BitvecCreate(u32);
int sqlite3BitvecTest(Bitvec*, u32);
int sqlite3BitvecSet(Bitvec*, u32);
void sqlite3BitvecClear(Bitvec*, u32, void*);
void sqlite3BitvecDestroy(Bitvec*);
u32 sqlite3BitvecSize(Bitvec*);

    transferParseError(pParse, pSubParse);
    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
      pProgram->aOp = sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(v, &pProgram->nOp, &pTop->nMaxArg);
    }
    pProgram->nMem = pSubParse->nMem;
    pProgram->nCsr = pSubParse->nTab;

    pProgram->token = (void *)pTrigger;
    pPrg->aColmask[0] = pSubParse->oldmask;
    pPrg->aColmask[1] = pSubParse->newmask;
    sqlite3VdbeDelete(v);
  }

  assert( !pSubParse->pAinc       && !pSubParse->pZombieTab );

    transferParseError(pParse, pSubParse);
    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
      pProgram->aOp = sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(v, &pProgram->nOp, &pTop->nMaxArg);
    }
    pProgram->nMem = pSubParse->nMem;
    pProgram->nCsr = pSubParse->nTab;
    pProgram->nOnce = pSubParse->nOnce;
    pProgram->token = (void *)pTrigger;
    pPrg->aColmask[0] = pSubParse->oldmask;
    pPrg->aColmask[1] = pSubParse->newmask;
    sqlite3VdbeDelete(v);
  }

  assert( !pSubParse->pAinc       && !pSubParse->pZombieTab );

#endif
  int newmask;           /* Mask of NEW.* columns accessed by BEFORE triggers */

  /* Register Allocations */
  int regRowCount = 0;   /* A count of rows changed */
  int regOldRowid;       /* The old rowid */
  int regNewRowid;       /* The new rowid */
  int regNew;
  int regOld = 0;
  int regRowSet = 0;     /* Rowset of rows to be updated */

  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
................................................................................
    pWhere = 0;
    pTabList = 0;
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
#endif

  /* Allocate required registers. */

  regOldRowid = regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
  if( pTrigger || hasFK ){
    regOld = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
  }
  if( chngRowid || pTrigger || hasFK ){
    regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
................................................................................
  */
  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }

  /* Begin the database scan
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOldRowid);
  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(
      pParse, pTabList, pWhere, 0, 0, WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED
  );
  if( pWInfo==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  okOnePass = pWInfo->okOnePass;

  /* Remember the rowid of every item to be updated.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, regOldRowid);
  if( !okOnePass ){
    regRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
  }

  /* End the database scan loop.
  */
  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);

................................................................................
  ** the database after the BEFORE triggers are fired anyway (as the trigger 
  ** may have modified them). So not loading those that are not going to
  ** be used eliminates some redundant opcodes.
  */
  newmask = sqlite3TriggerColmask(
      pParse, pTrigger, pChanges, 1, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, onError
  );

  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);
    }else{
      j = aXRef[i];
      if( j>=0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regNew+i);
      }else if( 0==(tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE) || i>31 || (newmask&(1<<i)) ){
        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed 
        ** into a register. This is done if there are no BEFORE triggers, or

#endif
  int newmask;           /* Mask of NEW.* columns accessed by BEFORE triggers */

  /* Register Allocations */
  int regRowCount = 0;   /* A count of rows changed */
  int regOldRowid;       /* The old rowid */
  int regNewRowid;       /* The new rowid */
  int regNew;            /* Content of the NEW.* table in triggers */
  int regOld = 0;        /* Content of OLD.* table in triggers */
  int regRowSet = 0;     /* Rowset of rows to be updated */

  memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
  db = pParse->db;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
................................................................................
    pWhere = 0;
    pTabList = 0;
    goto update_cleanup;
  }
#endif

  /* Allocate required registers. */
  regRowSet = ++pParse->nMem;
  regOldRowid = regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
  if( pTrigger || hasFK ){
    regOld = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += pTab->nCol;
  }
  if( chngRowid || pTrigger || hasFK ){
    regNewRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
................................................................................
  */
  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pWhere) ){
    goto update_cleanup;
  }

  /* Begin the database scan
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(
      pParse, pTabList, pWhere, 0, 0, WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED
  );
  if( pWInfo==0 ) goto update_cleanup;
  okOnePass = pWInfo->okOnePass;

  /* Remember the rowid of every item to be updated.
  */
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, regOldRowid);
  if( !okOnePass ){

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, regRowSet, regOldRowid);
  }

  /* End the database scan loop.
  */
  sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);

................................................................................
  ** the database after the BEFORE triggers are fired anyway (as the trigger 
  ** may have modified them). So not loading those that are not going to
  ** be used eliminates some redundant opcodes.
  */
  newmask = sqlite3TriggerColmask(
      pParse, pTrigger, pChanges, 1, TRIGGER_BEFORE, pTab, onError
  );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew, regNew+pTab->nCol-1);
  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      /*sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);*/
    }else{
      j = aXRef[i];
      if( j>=0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regNew+i);
      }else if( 0==(tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE) || i>31 || (newmask&(1<<i)) ){
        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed 
        ** into a register. This is done if there are no BEFORE triggers, or

}

/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write the current address onto register P1
** and then jump to address P2.
*/
case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump, in1 */

  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  pIn1->u.i = pc;
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
................................................................................
  pOut->z = pOp->p4.z;
  pOut->n = pOp->p1;
  pOut->enc = encoding;
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Null * P2 * * *
**
** Write a NULL into register P2.



*/
case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */



  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;







  break;
}


/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4
**
** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
................................................................................
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Once P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is a not null or zero.  If
** the value is NULL or zero, fall through and change the P1 register
** to an integer 1.
**
** When P1 is not used otherwise in a program, this opcode falls through
** once and jumps on all subsequent invocations.  It is the equivalent
** of "OP_If P1 P2", followed by "OP_Integer 1 P1".

*/










/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value
** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
*/
/* Opcode: IfNot P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value
** is considered true if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is true.
*/
case OP_Once:               /* jump, in1 */
case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
  int c;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
................................................................................
#else
    c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
#endif
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNot ) c = !c;
  }
  if( c ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }else if( pOp->opcode==OP_Once ){
    assert( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_RowSet|MEM_Frame))==0 );
    memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
    pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
    pIn1->u.i = 1;
    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.
................................................................................
  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */

  pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
  pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  assert( memIsValid(pRt) );
  assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );
  
  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is 
  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
  ** 
................................................................................
    ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
    ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
    ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
    */
    nMem = pProgram->nMem + pProgram->nCsr;
    nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
              + nMem * sizeof(Mem)
              + pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *);

    pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    if( !pFrame ){
      goto no_mem;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRt);
    pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
    pRt->u.pFrame = pFrame;
................................................................................
    pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
    pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
    pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
    pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
    pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
    pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
    pFrame->token = pProgram->token;



    pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[pFrame->nChildMem];
    for(pMem=VdbeFrameMem(pFrame); pMem!=pEnd; pMem++){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
      pMem->db = db;
    }
  }else{
    pFrame = pRt->u.pFrame;
    assert( pProgram->nMem+pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildMem );
    assert( pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildCsr );
    assert( pc==pFrame->pc );
................................................................................
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;



  pc = -1;


  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
**
** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 

}

/* Opcode:  Gosub P1 P2 * * *
**
** Write the current address onto register P1
** and then jump to address P2.
*/
case OP_Gosub: {            /* jump */
  assert( pOp->p1>0 && pOp->p1<=p->nMem );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  assert( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
  pIn1->flags = MEM_Int;
  pIn1->u.i = pc;
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p1, pIn1);
  pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
................................................................................
  pOut->z = pOp->p4.z;
  pOut->n = pOp->p1;
  pOut->enc = encoding;
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Null * P2 P3 * *
**
** Write a NULL into registers P2.  If P3 greater than P2, then also write
** NULL into register P3 and ever register in between P2 and P3.  If P3
** is less than P2 (typically P3 is zero) then only register P2 is
** set to NULL
*/
case OP_Null: {           /* out2-prerelease */
  int cnt;
  cnt = pOp->p3-pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p3<=p->nMem );
  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
  while( cnt>0 ){
    pOut++;
    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
    MemReleaseExt(pOut);
    pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
    cnt--;
  }
  break;
}


/* Opcode: Blob P1 P2 * P4
**
** P4 points to a blob of data P1 bytes long.  Store this
................................................................................
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1));
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Once P1 P2 * * *
**
** Check if OP_Once flag P1 is set. If so, jump to instruction P2. Otherwise,
** set the flag and fall through to the next instruction.

**



** See also: JumpOnce
*/
case OP_Once: {             /* jump */
  assert( pOp->p1<p->nOnceFlag );
  if( p->aOnceFlag[pOp->p1] ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;
  }else{
    p->aOnceFlag[pOp->p1] = 1;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: If P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is true.  The value
** is considered true if it is numeric and non-zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is non-zero.
*/
/* Opcode: IfNot P1 P2 P3 * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is False.  The value
** is considered false if it has a numeric value of zero.  If the value
** in P1 is NULL then take the jump if P3 is zero.
*/

case OP_If:                 /* jump, in1 */
case OP_IfNot: {            /* jump, in1 */
  int c;
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Null ){
    c = pOp->p3;
  }else{
................................................................................
#else
    c = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pIn1)!=0.0;
#endif
    if( pOp->opcode==OP_IfNot ) c = !c;
  }
  if( c ){
    pc = pOp->p2-1;






  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: IsNull P1 P2 * * *
**
** Jump to P2 if the value in register P1 is NULL.
................................................................................
  Mem *pEnd;              /* Last memory cell in new array */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* New vdbe frame to execute in */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Sub-program to execute */
  void *t;                /* Token identifying trigger */

  pProgram = pOp->p4.pProgram;
  pRt = &aMem[pOp->p3];

  assert( pProgram->nOp>0 );
  
  /* If the p5 flag is clear, then recursive invocation of triggers is 
  ** disabled for backwards compatibility (p5 is set if this sub-program
  ** is really a trigger, not a foreign key action, and the flag set
  ** and cleared by the "PRAGMA recursive_triggers" command is clear).
  ** 
................................................................................
    ** program stored in SubProgram.aOp. As well as these, one memory
    ** cell is required for each cursor used by the program. Set local
    ** variable nMem (and later, VdbeFrame.nChildMem) to this value.
    */
    nMem = pProgram->nMem + pProgram->nCsr;
    nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeFrame))
              + nMem * sizeof(Mem)
              + pProgram->nCsr * sizeof(VdbeCursor *)
              + pProgram->nOnce * sizeof(u8);
    pFrame = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    if( !pFrame ){
      goto no_mem;
    }
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pRt);
    pRt->flags = MEM_Frame;
    pRt->u.pFrame = pFrame;
................................................................................
    pFrame->aMem = p->aMem;
    pFrame->nMem = p->nMem;
    pFrame->apCsr = p->apCsr;
    pFrame->nCursor = p->nCursor;
    pFrame->aOp = p->aOp;
    pFrame->nOp = p->nOp;
    pFrame->token = pProgram->token;
    pFrame->aOnceFlag = p->aOnceFlag;
    pFrame->nOnceFlag = p->nOnceFlag;

    pEnd = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[pFrame->nChildMem];
    for(pMem=VdbeFrameMem(pFrame); pMem!=pEnd; pMem++){
      pMem->flags = MEM_Invalid;
      pMem->db = db;
    }
  }else{
    pFrame = pRt->u.pFrame;
    assert( pProgram->nMem+pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildMem );
    assert( pProgram->nCsr==pFrame->nChildCsr );
    assert( pc==pFrame->pc );
................................................................................
  p->pFrame = pFrame;
  p->aMem = aMem = &VdbeFrameMem(pFrame)[-1];
  p->nMem = pFrame->nChildMem;
  p->nCursor = (u16)pFrame->nChildCsr;
  p->apCsr = (VdbeCursor **)&aMem[p->nMem+1];
  p->aOp = aOp = pProgram->aOp;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  p->aOnceFlag = (u8 *)&p->apCsr[p->nCursor];
  p->nOnceFlag = pProgram->nOnce;
  p->nOp = pProgram->nOp;
  pc = -1;
  memset(p->aOnceFlag, 0, p->nOnceFlag);

  break;
}

/* Opcode: Param P1 P2 * * *
**
** This opcode is only ever present in sub-programs called via the 

** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.
*/
struct SubProgram {
  VdbeOp *aOp;                  /* Array of opcodes for sub-program */
  int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
  int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
  int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */

  void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
  SubProgram *pNext;            /* Next sub-program already visited */
};

/*
** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
** it takes up less space.

** A sub-routine used to implement a trigger program.
*/
struct SubProgram {
  VdbeOp *aOp;                  /* Array of opcodes for sub-program */
  int nOp;                      /* Elements in aOp[] */
  int nMem;                     /* Number of memory cells required */
  int nCsr;                     /* Number of cursors required */
  int nOnce;                    /* Number of OP_Once instructions */
  void *token;                  /* id that may be used to recursive triggers */
  SubProgram *pNext;            /* Next sub-program already visited */
};

/*
** A smaller version of VdbeOp used for the VdbeAddOpList() function because
** it takes up less space.

struct VdbeFrame {
  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
  int pc;                 /* Program Counter in parent (calling) frame */
  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions for parent frame */
  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells for parent frame */
  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */


  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Array of Vdbe cursors for parent frame */
  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
................................................................................
  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
#endif
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
  VdbeFrame *pDelFrame;   /* List of frame objects to free on VM reset */
  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
  u32 expmask;            /* Binding to these vars invalidates VM */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Linked list of all sub-programs used by VM */


};

/*
** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
*/
#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */

struct VdbeFrame {
  Vdbe *v;                /* VM this frame belongs to */
  int pc;                 /* Program Counter in parent (calling) frame */
  Op *aOp;                /* Program instructions for parent frame */
  int nOp;                /* Size of aOp array */
  Mem *aMem;              /* Array of memory cells for parent frame */
  int nMem;               /* Number of entries in aMem */
  u8 *aOnceFlag;          /* Array of OP_Once flags for parent frame */
  int nOnceFlag;          /* Number of entries in aOnceFlag */
  VdbeCursor **apCsr;     /* Array of Vdbe cursors for parent frame */
  u16 nCursor;            /* Number of entries in apCsr */
  void *token;            /* Copy of SubProgram.token */
  int nChildMem;          /* Number of memory cells for child frame */
  int nChildCsr;          /* Number of cursors for child frame */
  i64 lastRowid;          /* Last insert rowid (sqlite3.lastRowid) */
  int nChange;            /* Statement changes (Vdbe.nChanges)     */
................................................................................
  FILE *trace;            /* Write an execution trace here, if not NULL */
#endif
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
  VdbeFrame *pDelFrame;   /* List of frame objects to free on VM reset */
  int nFrame;             /* Number of frames in pFrame list */
  u32 expmask;            /* Binding to these vars invalidates VM */
  SubProgram *pProgram;   /* Linked list of all sub-programs used by VM */
  int nOnceFlag;          /* Size of array aOnceFlag[] */
  u8 *aOnceFlag;          /* Flags for OP_Once */
};

/*
** The following are allowed values for Vdbe.magic
*/
#define VDBE_MAGIC_INIT     0x26bceaa5    /* Building a VDBE program */
#define VDBE_MAGIC_RUN      0xbdf20da3    /* VDBE is ready to execute */

    }
    case P4_REAL: {
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", *pOp->p4.pReal);
      break;
    }
    case P4_MEM: {
      Mem *pMem = pOp->p4.pMem;
      assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)==0 );
      if( pMem->flags & MEM_Str ){
        zP4 = pMem->z;
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", pMem->r);


      }else{
        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
        zP4 = "(blob)";
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
................................................................................
      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Frame|MEM_RowSet) ){
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
      }else if( p->zMalloc ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
        p->zMalloc = 0;
      }

      p->flags = MEM_Null;
    }
    db->mallocFailed = malloc_failed;
  }
}

/*
** Delete a VdbeFrame object and its contents. VdbeFrame objects are
................................................................................
  Parse *pParse                  /* Parsing context */
){
  sqlite3 *db;                   /* The database connection */
  int nVar;                      /* Number of parameters */
  int nMem;                      /* Number of VM memory registers */
  int nCursor;                   /* Number of cursors required */
  int nArg;                      /* Number of arguments in subprograms */

  int n;                         /* Loop counter */
  u8 *zCsr;                      /* Memory available for allocation */
  u8 *zEnd;                      /* First byte past allocated memory */
  int nByte;                     /* How much extra memory is needed */

  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->nOp>0 );
................................................................................
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
  db = p->db;
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  nVar = pParse->nVar;
  nMem = pParse->nMem;
  nCursor = pParse->nTab;
  nArg = pParse->nMaxArg;

  
  /* For each cursor required, also allocate a memory cell. Memory
  ** cells (nMem+1-nCursor)..nMem, inclusive, will never be used by
  ** the vdbe program. Instead they are used to allocate space for
  ** VdbeCursor/BtCursor structures. The blob of memory associated with 
  ** cursor 0 is stored in memory cell nMem. Memory cell (nMem-1)
  ** stores the blob of memory associated with cursor 1, etc.
................................................................................
    nByte = 0;
    p->aMem = allocSpace(p->aMem, nMem*sizeof(Mem), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->aVar = allocSpace(p->aVar, nVar*sizeof(Mem), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->apArg = allocSpace(p->apArg, nArg*sizeof(Mem*), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->azVar = allocSpace(p->azVar, nVar*sizeof(char*), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->apCsr = allocSpace(p->apCsr, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*),
                          &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);

    if( nByte ){
      p->pFree = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    }
    zCsr = p->pFree;
    zEnd = &zCsr[nByte];
  }while( nByte && !db->mallocFailed );

  p->nCursor = (u16)nCursor;

  if( p->aVar ){
    p->nVar = (ynVar)nVar;
    for(n=0; n<nVar; n++){
      p->aVar[n].flags = MEM_Null;
      p->aVar[n].db = db;
    }
  }
................................................................................
    memcpy(p->azVar, pParse->azVar, p->nzVar*sizeof(p->azVar[0]));
    memset(pParse->azVar, 0, pParse->nzVar*sizeof(pParse->azVar[0]));
  }
  if( p->aMem ){
    p->aMem--;                      /* aMem[] goes from 1..nMem */
    p->nMem = nMem;                 /*       not from 0..nMem-1 */
    for(n=1; n<=nMem; n++){
      p->aMem[n].flags = MEM_Null;
      p->aMem[n].db = db;
    }
  }
  p->explain = pParse->explain;
  sqlite3VdbeRewind(p);
}

................................................................................
/*
** Copy the values stored in the VdbeFrame structure to its Vdbe. This
** is used, for example, when a trigger sub-program is halted to restore
** control to the main program.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *pFrame){
  Vdbe *v = pFrame->v;


  v->aOp = pFrame->aOp;
  v->nOp = pFrame->nOp;
  v->aMem = pFrame->aMem;
  v->nMem = pFrame->nMem;
  v->apCsr = pFrame->apCsr;
  v->nCursor = pFrame->nCursor;
  v->db->lastRowid = pFrame->lastRowid;
................................................................................
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
  int i;
  for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr==0 || p->apCsr[i]==0 );

  for(i=1; i<=p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem==0 || p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Null );

#endif

  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
  p->zErrMsg = 0;
  p->pResultSet = 0;
}

................................................................................
  ** state.  We need to rollback the statement transaction, if there is
  ** one, or the complete transaction if there is no statement transaction.
  */

  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }

  closeAllCursors(p);
  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  checkActiveVdbeCnt(db);

  /* No commit or rollback needed if the program never started */

    }
    case P4_REAL: {
      sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", *pOp->p4.pReal);
      break;
    }
    case P4_MEM: {
      Mem *pMem = pOp->p4.pMem;

      if( pMem->flags & MEM_Str ){
        zP4 = pMem->z;
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", pMem->r);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "NULL");
      }else{
        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
        zP4 = "(blob)";
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
................................................................................
      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Frame|MEM_RowSet) ){
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
      }else if( p->zMalloc ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
        p->zMalloc = 0;
      }

      p->flags = MEM_Invalid;
    }
    db->mallocFailed = malloc_failed;
  }
}

/*
** Delete a VdbeFrame object and its contents. VdbeFrame objects are
................................................................................
  Parse *pParse                  /* Parsing context */
){
  sqlite3 *db;                   /* The database connection */
  int nVar;                      /* Number of parameters */
  int nMem;                      /* Number of VM memory registers */
  int nCursor;                   /* Number of cursors required */
  int nArg;                      /* Number of arguments in subprograms */
  int nOnce;                     /* Number of OP_Once instructions */
  int n;                         /* Loop counter */
  u8 *zCsr;                      /* Memory available for allocation */
  u8 *zEnd;                      /* First byte past allocated memory */
  int nByte;                     /* How much extra memory is needed */

  assert( p!=0 );
  assert( p->nOp>0 );
................................................................................
  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_INIT );
  db = p->db;
  assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
  nVar = pParse->nVar;
  nMem = pParse->nMem;
  nCursor = pParse->nTab;
  nArg = pParse->nMaxArg;
  nOnce = pParse->nOnce;
  
  /* For each cursor required, also allocate a memory cell. Memory
  ** cells (nMem+1-nCursor)..nMem, inclusive, will never be used by
  ** the vdbe program. Instead they are used to allocate space for
  ** VdbeCursor/BtCursor structures. The blob of memory associated with 
  ** cursor 0 is stored in memory cell nMem. Memory cell (nMem-1)
  ** stores the blob of memory associated with cursor 1, etc.
................................................................................
    nByte = 0;
    p->aMem = allocSpace(p->aMem, nMem*sizeof(Mem), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->aVar = allocSpace(p->aVar, nVar*sizeof(Mem), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->apArg = allocSpace(p->apArg, nArg*sizeof(Mem*), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->azVar = allocSpace(p->azVar, nVar*sizeof(char*), &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->apCsr = allocSpace(p->apCsr, nCursor*sizeof(VdbeCursor*),
                          &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    p->aOnceFlag = allocSpace(p->aOnceFlag, nOnce, &zCsr, zEnd, &nByte);
    if( nByte ){
      p->pFree = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte);
    }
    zCsr = p->pFree;
    zEnd = &zCsr[nByte];
  }while( nByte && !db->mallocFailed );

  p->nCursor = (u16)nCursor;
  p->nOnceFlag = nOnce;
  if( p->aVar ){
    p->nVar = (ynVar)nVar;
    for(n=0; n<nVar; n++){
      p->aVar[n].flags = MEM_Null;
      p->aVar[n].db = db;
    }
  }
................................................................................
    memcpy(p->azVar, pParse->azVar, p->nzVar*sizeof(p->azVar[0]));
    memset(pParse->azVar, 0, pParse->nzVar*sizeof(pParse->azVar[0]));
  }
  if( p->aMem ){
    p->aMem--;                      /* aMem[] goes from 1..nMem */
    p->nMem = nMem;                 /*       not from 0..nMem-1 */
    for(n=1; n<=nMem; n++){
      p->aMem[n].flags = MEM_Invalid;
      p->aMem[n].db = db;
    }
  }
  p->explain = pParse->explain;
  sqlite3VdbeRewind(p);
}

................................................................................
/*
** Copy the values stored in the VdbeFrame structure to its Vdbe. This
** is used, for example, when a trigger sub-program is halted to restore
** control to the main program.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *pFrame){
  Vdbe *v = pFrame->v;
  v->aOnceFlag = pFrame->aOnceFlag;
  v->nOnceFlag = pFrame->nOnceFlag;
  v->aOp = pFrame->aOp;
  v->nOp = pFrame->nOp;
  v->aMem = pFrame->aMem;
  v->nMem = pFrame->nMem;
  v->apCsr = pFrame->apCsr;
  v->nCursor = pFrame->nCursor;
  v->db->lastRowid = pFrame->lastRowid;
................................................................................
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
  int i;
  if( p->apCsr ) for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr[i]==0 );
  if( p->aMem ){
    for(i=1; i<=p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Invalid );
  }
#endif

  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
  p->zErrMsg = 0;
  p->pResultSet = 0;
}

................................................................................
  ** state.  We need to rollback the statement transaction, if there is
  ** one, or the complete transaction if there is no statement transaction.
  */

  if( p->db->mallocFailed ){
    p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  if( p->aOnceFlag ) memset(p->aOnceFlag, 0, p->nOnceFlag);
  closeAllCursors(p);
  if( p->magic!=VDBE_MAGIC_RUN ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  checkActiveVdbeCnt(db);

  /* No commit or rollback needed if the program never started */

){
  int nColumn;                /* Number of columns in the constructed index */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;           /* A single term of the WHERE clause */
  WhereTerm *pWCEnd;          /* End of pWC->a[] */
  int nByte;                  /* Byte of memory needed for pIdx */
  Index *pIdx;                /* Object describing the transient index */
  Vdbe *v;                    /* Prepared statement under construction */
  int regIsInit;              /* Register set by initialization */
  int addrInit;               /* Address of the initialization bypass jump */
  Table *pTable;              /* The table being indexed */
  KeyInfo *pKeyinfo;          /* Key information for the index */   
  int addrTop;                /* Top of the index fill loop */
  int regRecord;              /* Register holding an index record */
  int n;                      /* Column counter */
  int i;                      /* Loop counter */
................................................................................
  Bitmask idxCols;            /* Bitmap of columns used for indexing */
  Bitmask extraCols;          /* Bitmap of additional columns */

  /* Generate code to skip over the creation and initialization of the
  ** transient index on 2nd and subsequent iterations of the loop. */
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );
  regIsInit = ++pParse->nMem;
  addrInit = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, regIsInit);

  /* Count the number of columns that will be added to the index
  ** and used to match WHERE clause constraints */
  nColumn = 0;
  pTable = pSrc->pTab;
  pWCEnd = &pWC->a[pWC->nTerm];
  idxCols = 0;

){
  int nColumn;                /* Number of columns in the constructed index */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;           /* A single term of the WHERE clause */
  WhereTerm *pWCEnd;          /* End of pWC->a[] */
  int nByte;                  /* Byte of memory needed for pIdx */
  Index *pIdx;                /* Object describing the transient index */
  Vdbe *v;                    /* Prepared statement under construction */

  int addrInit;               /* Address of the initialization bypass jump */
  Table *pTable;              /* The table being indexed */
  KeyInfo *pKeyinfo;          /* Key information for the index */   
  int addrTop;                /* Top of the index fill loop */
  int regRecord;              /* Register holding an index record */
  int n;                      /* Column counter */
  int i;                      /* Loop counter */
................................................................................
  Bitmask idxCols;            /* Bitmap of columns used for indexing */
  Bitmask extraCols;          /* Bitmap of additional columns */

  /* Generate code to skip over the creation and initialization of the
  ** transient index on 2nd and subsequent iterations of the loop. */
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( v!=0 );

  addrInit = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse);

  /* Count the number of columns that will be added to the index
  ** and used to match WHERE clause constraints */
  nColumn = 0;
  pTable = pSrc->pTab;
  pWCEnd = &pWC->a[pWC->nTerm];
  idxCols = 0;

# 2011 December 9
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests to verify that ticket [7bbfb7d442] has been
# fixed.  
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix tkt-7bbfb7d442

do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'one');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 'two');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 'three');

  CREATE TABLE t2(c, d);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('one', 'I');
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('two', 'II');
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('three', 'III');

  CREATE TABLE t3(t3_a PRIMARY KEY, t3_d);
  CREATE TRIGGER t3t AFTER INSERT ON t3 WHEN new.t3_d IS NULL BEGIN
    UPDATE t3 SET t3_d = (
      SELECT d FROM 
        (SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE (new.t3_a%2)=(rowid%2) LIMIT 10),
        (SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (new.t3_a%2)=(rowid%2) LIMIT 10)
      WHERE a = new.t3_a AND b = c
    ) WHERE t3_a = new.t3_a;
  END;
}

do_execsql_test 1.2 {
  INSERT INTO t3(t3_a) VALUES(1);
  INSERT INTO t3(t3_a) VALUES(2);
  INSERT INTO t3(t3_a) VALUES(3);
  SELECT * FROM t3;
} {1 I 2 II 3 III}

do_execsql_test 1.3 { DELETE FROM t3 }

do_execsql_test 1.4 {
  INSERT INTO t3(t3_a) SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2 UNION SELECT 3;
  SELECT * FROM t3;
} {1 I 2 II 3 III}



#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The following test case - 2.* - is from the original bug report as 
# posted to the mailing list.
#
do_execsql_test 2.1 {
  CREATE TABLE InventoryControl (
    InventoryControlId INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    SKU INTEGER NOT NULL,
    Variant INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    ControlDate DATE NOT NULL,
    ControlState INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT -1,
    DeliveredQty VARCHAR(30)
  );
  
  CREATE TRIGGER TGR_InventoryControl_AfterInsert
  AFTER INSERT ON InventoryControl 
  FOR EACH ROW WHEN NEW.ControlState=-1 BEGIN 

  INSERT OR REPLACE INTO InventoryControl(
        InventoryControlId,SKU,Variant,ControlDate,ControlState,DeliveredQty
  ) SELECT
          T1.InventoryControlId AS InventoryControlId,
          T1.SKU AS SKU,
          T1.Variant AS Variant,
          T1.ControlDate AS ControlDate,
          1 AS ControlState,
          COALESCE(T2.DeliveredQty,0) AS DeliveredQty
      FROM (
          SELECT
              NEW.InventoryControlId AS InventoryControlId,
              II.SKU AS SKU,
              II.Variant AS Variant,
              COALESCE(LastClosedIC.ControlDate,NEW.ControlDate) AS ControlDate
          FROM
              InventoryItem II
          LEFT JOIN
              InventoryControl LastClosedIC
              ON  LastClosedIC.InventoryControlId IN ( SELECT 99999 )
          WHERE
              II.SKU=NEW.SKU AND
              II.Variant=NEW.Variant
      )   T1
      LEFT JOIN (
          SELECT
              TD.SKU AS SKU,
              TD.Variant AS Variant,
              10 AS DeliveredQty
          FROM
              TransactionDetail TD
          WHERE
              TD.SKU=NEW.SKU AND
              TD.Variant=NEW.Variant
      )   T2
      ON  T2.SKU=T1.SKU AND
          T2.Variant=T1.Variant;
  END;
  
  CREATE TABLE InventoryItem (
    SKU INTEGER NOT NULL,
    Variant INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    DeptCode INTEGER NOT NULL,
    GroupCode INTEGER NOT NULL,
    ItemDescription VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(SKU, Variant)
  );
  
  INSERT INTO InventoryItem VALUES(220,0,1,170,'Scoth Tampon Recurer');
  INSERT INTO InventoryItem VALUES(31,0,1,110,'Fromage');
  
  CREATE TABLE TransactionDetail (
    TransactionId INTEGER NOT NULL,
    SKU INTEGER NOT NULL,
    Variant INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    PRIMARY KEY(TransactionId, SKU, Variant)
  );
  INSERT INTO TransactionDetail(TransactionId, SKU, Variant) VALUES(44, 31, 0);
  
  
  INSERT INTO InventoryControl(SKU, Variant, ControlDate) SELECT 
      II.SKU AS SKU, II.Variant AS Variant, '2011-08-30' AS ControlDate 
      FROM InventoryItem II;
}

do_execsql_test 2.2 {
  SELECT SKU, DeliveredQty FROM InventoryControl WHERE SKU=31
} {31 10}

do_execsql_test 2.3 {
  SELECT CASE WHEN DeliveredQty=10 THEN "TEST PASSED!" ELSE "TEST FAILED!" END 
  FROM InventoryControl WHERE SKU=31; 
} {{TEST PASSED!}}


finish_test