sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, iOld, 0, 0, 0);
  }

  /* Delete the index and table entries. Skip this step if pTab is really
  ** a view (in which case the only effect of the DELETE statement is to
  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).  */ 
  if( pTab->pSelect==0 ){



    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, (count?OPFLAG_NCHANGE:0));
    if( count ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
    }
  }

  /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
  ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key

    sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, iOld, 0, 0, 0);
  }

  /* Delete the index and table entries. Skip this step if pTab is really
  ** a view (in which case the only effect of the DELETE statement is to
  ** fire the INSTEAD OF triggers).  */ 
  if( pTab->pSelect==0 ){
    Index *pPk;
    int iMainCur;
    sqlite3PrincipleBtree(pTab, iCur, &pPk, &iMainCur);
    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iMainCur, 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iMainCur, (count?OPFLAG_NCHANGE:0));
    if( count ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
    }
  }

  /* Do any ON CASCADE, SET NULL or SET DEFAULT operations required to
  ** handle rows (possibly in other tables) that refer via a foreign key

  for(i=0; i<nKeyCol; i++){
    int x = pPk->aiColumn[i];
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SCopy, regFirst+x, regPk+i);
  }
  return regPk;
}




































/*
** Generate code to do constraint checks prior to an INSERT or an UPDATE.
**
** The input is a range of consecutive registers as follows:
**
**    1.  The rowid of the row after the update, or NULL
................................................................................
  Index *pIdx;         /* Pointer to one of the indices */
  Index *pPk = 0;      /* The PRIMARY KEY index */
  sqlite3 *db;         /* Database connection */
  int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
  int regOldPk;        /* Previous rowid or PRIMARY KEY value */
  int regNewPk = 0;    /* New PRIMARY KEY value */
  int pkCur = 0;       /* Cursor used by the PRIMARY KEY */


  regOldPk = (pkChng && isUpdate) ? pkChng : regRowid;
  db = pParse->db;
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
  nCol = pTab->nCol;
  regData = regRowid + 1;
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "BEGIN: GenerateConstraintChecks(%d,%d,%d)",
                     baseCur, regRowid, pkChng));

  /* For WITHOUT ROWID tables, we'll need to know the Index and the cursor
  ** number for the PRIMARY KEY index */
  if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
    assert( pkChng==0 || isUpdate!=0 );
    pkCur = baseCur+1;
    pPk = pTab->pIndex;
    while( ALWAYS(pPk) && pPk->autoIndex!=2 ){
      pPk=pPk->pNext;
      pkCur++;
    }
  }

  /* Test all NOT NULL constraints.
  */
  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      continue;
    }
................................................................................

  /* If there is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, make sure the primary key
  ** of the new record does not previously exist.  Except, if this
  ** is an UPDATE and the primary key is not changing, that is OK.
  **
  ** This block only runs for tables that have a rowid.
  */
  if( pkChng && pkCur==0 ){
    int addrRowidOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    onError = pTab->keyConf;
    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
      onError = overrideError;
    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
      onError = OE_Abort;
................................................................................
    }
    if( seenReplace ){
      if( onError==OE_Ignore ) onError = OE_Replace;
      else if( onError==OE_Fail ) onError = OE_Abort;
    }
    
    /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
    regR = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, idxCur, addrUniqueOk,
                         regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol);
#if 0
    if( !isUpdate ){
      /* A pre-existing row is always a conflict on an insert */
    }else
#endif
................................................................................
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, idxCur, regR);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regR, addrUniqueOk, regOldPk);
    }else if( pIdx->autoIndex==2 ){
      /* For PRIMARY KEY index on a WITHOUT ROWID table, conflict only
      ** if the PRIMARY KEY has changed.  If the PRIMARY KEY is unchanged,
      ** then the matching entry is just the original row that is being
      ** modified. */

      int addrPkConflict = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol;
      for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol-1; i++){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne,
                          regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i], addrPkConflict, regIdx+i);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq,
                        regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i], addrUniqueOk, regIdx+i);

    }else{
      /* For a UNIQUE index on a WITHOUT ROWID table, conflict only if the
      ** PRIMARY KEY value of the match is different from the old PRIMARY KEY
      ** value from before the update. */
      int addrConflict = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol*2;
      assert( pIdx->nKeyCol + pPk->nKeyCol == pIdx->nColumn );
      for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol-1; i++){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, idxCur, pIdx->nKeyCol+i, regR);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne,
                          regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i], addrConflict, regR);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, idxCur, pIdx->nKeyCol+i, regR);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq,
                        regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i], addrUniqueOk, regR);
    }
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn);

    /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
        || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
    switch( onError ){
................................................................................
      default: {
        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
        assert( onError==OE_Replace );
        sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
        if( db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
        }
        sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(



            pParse, pTab, pTrigger, baseCur, regR, 0, 0, OE_Replace
        );


        seenReplace = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regR);
  }
  
  if( pbMayReplace ){
    *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
  }
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "END: GenerateConstraintChecks()"));
}

/*
** This routine generates code to finish the INSERT or UPDATE operation
** that was started by a prior call to sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks.
** A consecutive range of registers starting at regRowid contains the
** rowid and the content to be inserted.
................................................................................
  Index *pIdx;
  Vdbe *v;

  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );

  sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, baseCur, iDb, pTab, op);



  for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
    KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
    int iCur = (pkCur>=0 && pIdx->autoIndex==2) ? pkCur : i+baseCur;
    assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, iCur, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                      (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));

  for(i=0; i<nKeyCol; i++){
    int x = pPk->aiColumn[i];
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(pParse->pVdbe, OP_SCopy, regFirst+x, regPk+i);
  }
  return regPk;
}

/*
** Locate the "principle btree" for a table.  This is the table itself for
** ordinary tables, but for WITHOUT ROWID tables, the principle btree is the
** PRIMARY KEY index.
**
** Inputs are pTab and baseCur.  The *ppPk is written with a pointer to the
** PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables or with NULL for ordinary
** tables.  The *piPkCur is written with the cursor to use, assuming that the
** table cursor is baseCur and that index cursors are consecutively numbered
** thereafter.
*/
void sqlite3PrincipleBtree(
  Table *pTab,        /* The main Table object */
  int baseCur,        /* VDBE cursor for main table. */
  Index **ppPk,       /* Write PRIMARY KEY index of WITHOUT ROWID tables here */
  int *piPkCur        /* Either baseCur or the cursor for *ppPk */
){
  int pkCur;
  Index *pPk;
  if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
    pkCur = baseCur+1;
    pPk = pTab->pIndex;
    while( ALWAYS(pPk) && pPk->autoIndex!=2 ){
      pPk=pPk->pNext;
      pkCur++;
    }
  }else{
    pkCur = baseCur;
    pPk = 0;
  }
  *ppPk = pPk;
  *piPkCur = pkCur;
}


/*
** Generate code to do constraint checks prior to an INSERT or an UPDATE.
**
** The input is a range of consecutive registers as follows:
**
**    1.  The rowid of the row after the update, or NULL
................................................................................
  Index *pIdx;         /* Pointer to one of the indices */
  Index *pPk = 0;      /* The PRIMARY KEY index */
  sqlite3 *db;         /* Database connection */
  int seenReplace = 0; /* True if REPLACE is used to resolve INT PK conflict */
  int regOldPk;        /* Previous rowid or PRIMARY KEY value */
  int regNewPk = 0;    /* New PRIMARY KEY value */
  int pkCur = 0;       /* Cursor used by the PRIMARY KEY */
  int nPkField;        /* Number of fields in PRIMARY KEY. 1 for ROWID tables */

  regOldPk = (pkChng && isUpdate) ? pkChng : regRowid;
  db = pParse->db;
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );  /* This table is not a VIEW */
  nCol = pTab->nCol;
  regData = regRowid + 1;



  /* For WITHOUT ROWID tables, we'll need to know the Index and the cursor
  ** number for the PRIMARY KEY index */
  sqlite3PrincipleBtree(pTab, baseCur, &pPk, &pkCur);
  nPkField = pPk ? pPk->nKeyCol : 1;

  /* Record that this module has started */
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "BEGIN: GenCnstCks(%d,%d,%d,%d,%d)",
                     baseCur, regRowid, pkChng, regOldPk, pkCur));




  /* Test all NOT NULL constraints.
  */
  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      continue;
    }
................................................................................

  /* If there is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, make sure the primary key
  ** of the new record does not previously exist.  Except, if this
  ** is an UPDATE and the primary key is not changing, that is OK.
  **
  ** This block only runs for tables that have a rowid.
  */
  if( pkChng && pPk==0 ){
    int addrRowidOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    onError = pTab->keyConf;
    if( overrideError!=OE_Default ){
      onError = overrideError;
    }else if( onError==OE_Default ){
      onError = OE_Abort;
................................................................................
    }
    if( seenReplace ){
      if( onError==OE_Ignore ) onError = OE_Replace;
      else if( onError==OE_Fail ) onError = OE_Abort;
    }
    
    /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
    regR = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPkField);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, idxCur, addrUniqueOk,
                         regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol);
#if 0
    if( !isUpdate ){
      /* A pre-existing row is always a conflict on an insert */
    }else
#endif
................................................................................
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, idxCur, regR);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regR, addrUniqueOk, regOldPk);
    }else if( pIdx->autoIndex==2 ){
      /* For PRIMARY KEY index on a WITHOUT ROWID table, conflict only
      ** if the PRIMARY KEY has changed.  If the PRIMARY KEY is unchanged,
      ** then the matching entry is just the original row that is being
      ** modified. */
      if( onError!=OE_Replace ){
        int addrPkConflict = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol;
        for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol-1; i++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i]+1,
                            addrPkConflict, regIdx+i);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i]+1,
                          addrUniqueOk, regIdx+i);
      }
    }else{
      /* For a UNIQUE index on a WITHOUT ROWID table, conflict only if the
      ** PRIMARY KEY value of the match is different from the old PRIMARY KEY
      ** value from before the update. */
      int addrConflict = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+pPk->nKeyCol*2;
      assert( pIdx->nKeyCol + pPk->nKeyCol == pIdx->nColumn );
      for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol-1; i++){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, idxCur, pIdx->nKeyCol+i, regR+i);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne,
                          regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i], addrConflict, regR+i);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, idxCur, pIdx->nKeyCol+i, regR+i);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq,
                        regOldPk+pPk->aiColumn[i], addrUniqueOk, regR+i);
    }
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn);

    /* Generate code that executes if the new index entry is not unique */
    assert( onError==OE_Rollback || onError==OE_Abort || onError==OE_Fail
        || onError==OE_Ignore || onError==OE_Replace );
    switch( onError ){
................................................................................
      default: {
        Trigger *pTrigger = 0;
        assert( onError==OE_Replace );
        sqlite3MultiWrite(pParse);
        if( db->flags&SQLITE_RecTriggers ){
          pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
        }
        if( pIdx==pPk ){
          /*sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxDelete, pkCur, regIdx, pIdx->nColumn);*/
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Delete, pkCur);
        }else{
          sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(pParse, pTab, pTrigger, baseCur, 

                                   regR, nPkField, 0, OE_Replace);
        }
        seenReplace = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regR);
  }
  
  if( pbMayReplace ){
    *pbMayReplace = seenReplace;
  }
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "END: GenCnstCks()"));
}

/*
** This routine generates code to finish the INSERT or UPDATE operation
** that was started by a prior call to sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks.
** A consecutive range of registers starting at regRowid contains the
** rowid and the content to be inserted.
................................................................................
  Index *pIdx;
  Vdbe *v;

  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( v!=0 );
  if( pkCur<0 ){
    sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, baseCur, iDb, pTab, op);
  }else{
    sqlite3TableLock(pParse, iDb, pTab->tnum, 0, pTab->zName);
  }
  for(i=1, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, i++){
    KeyInfo *pKey = sqlite3IndexKeyinfo(pParse, pIdx);
    int iCur = (pkCur>=0 && pIdx->autoIndex==2) ? pkCur : i+baseCur;
    assert( pIdx->pSchema==pTab->pSchema );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, op, iCur, pIdx->tnum, iDb,
                      (char*)pKey, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->zName));

      ** for all tables and indices in the database.
      */
      assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, i, 0) );
      pTbls = &db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash;
      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
        Index *pIdx;

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pTab->tnum, 2+cnt);
        cnt++;

        for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->tnum, 2+cnt);
          cnt++;
        }
      }

      /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
      pParse->nMem = MAX( pParse->nMem, cnt+7 );

      /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)i);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zName),
................................................................................
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 2, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);

      /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
      */
      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x && !isQuick; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
        Index *pIdx;
        int loopTop;


        if( pTab->pIndex==0 ) continue;


        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, 1);  /* Stop if out of errors */
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, 1, -1, OP_OpenRead);
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 7+j); /* index entries counter */
        }
        pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, 7+j);
        loopTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, 1, 0) + 1;
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
          int jmp2, jmp3;
          int r1;
          static const VdbeOpList idxErr[] = {
            { OP_AddImm,      1, -1,  0},
            { OP_String8,     0,  3,  0},    /* 1 */
            { OP_Rowid,       1,  4,  0},
            { OP_String8,     0,  5,  0},    /* 3 */
            { OP_String8,     0,  6,  0},    /* 4 */
            { OP_Concat,      4,  3,  3},
            { OP_Concat,      5,  3,  3},
            { OP_Concat,      6,  3,  3},
            { OP_ResultRow,   3,  1,  0},
            { OP_IfPos,       1,  0,  0},    /* 9 */
            { OP_Halt,        0,  0,  0},
          };
          r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, 1, 0, 0, &jmp3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 7+j, 1);  /* increment entry count */
          jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, j+2, 0, r1, pIdx->nKeyCol+1);
          addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(idxErr), idxErr);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+1, "rowid ", P4_STATIC);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+3, " missing from index ", P4_STATIC);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, addr+4, pIdx->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr+9);
          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, jmp3);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, 1, loopTop);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop-1);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, 
                     "wrong # of entries in index ", P4_STATIC);
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){

          addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, 1, addr+2);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, j+2, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, 7+j, addr+8, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 1, -1);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, pIdx->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 3, 2, 7);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 7, 1);
        }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
      } 

      ** for all tables and indices in the database.
      */
      assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, i, 0) );
      pTbls = &db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash;
      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
        Index *pIdx;
        if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pTab->tnum, 2+cnt);
          cnt++;
        }
        for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->tnum, 2+cnt);
          cnt++;
        }
      }

      /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
      pParse->nMem = MAX( pParse->nMem, cnt+8 );

      /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)i);
      addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, 2);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
         sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zName),
................................................................................
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 2, 1);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);

      /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
      */
      for(x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x && !isQuick; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
        Index *pIdx, *pPk;
        int loopTop;
        int pkCur;

        if( pTab->pIndex==0 ) continue;
        sqlite3PrincipleBtree(pTab, 1, &pPk, &pkCur);
        pkCur = (pPk==0) ? -1 : 1;
        addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, 1);  /* Stop if out of errors */
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, 1, pkCur, OP_OpenRead);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 7);
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 8+j); /* index entries counter */
        }
        pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, 8+j);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, 1, 0);
        loopTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 7, 1);
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
          int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4;
          int r1;
          if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
          r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, 1, 0, 0, &jmp3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 8+j, 1);  /* increment entry count */
          jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, j+2, 0, r1, pIdx->nKeyCol+1);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 1, -1); /* Decrement error limit */
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, "row ", P4_STATIC);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 7, 3, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 4, 0, " missing from index ",
                            P4_STATIC);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 4, 0, pIdx->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 3, 1);
          jmp4 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, 1);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp4);



          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
          sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, jmp3);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, 1, loopTop);
        sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop-1);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, 
                     "wrong # of entries in index ", P4_STATIC);
        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
          if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
          addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, 1, addr+2);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, j+2, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, 8+j, addr+8, 3);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 1, -1);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, pIdx->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 3, 2, 7);
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 7, 1);
        }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
      } 

** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
** for the rowid at the end.
*/
struct KeyInfo {
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
  u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
  u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
  u16 nXField;         /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
  u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
  CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
};

/*
** An instance of the following structure holds information about a
** single index record that has already been parsed out into individual
................................................................................
int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(Vdbe*, const Expr*, int, int);
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,i16,u8,u8);
void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*);

void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);

** are nField slots for the columns of an index then one extra slot
** for the rowid at the end.
*/
struct KeyInfo {
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
  u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
  u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
  u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
  u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
  CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
};

/*
** An instance of the following structure holds information about a
** single index record that has already been parsed out into individual
................................................................................
int sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(const Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(Vdbe*, const Expr*, int, int);
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr*, char);
int sqlite3IsRowid(const char*);
void sqlite3GenerateRowDelete(Parse*,Table*,Trigger*,int,int,i16,u8,u8);
void sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(Parse*, Table*, int, int*);
int sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(Parse*, Index*, int, int, int, int*);
void sqlite3PrincipleBtree(Table*,int,Index**,int*);
void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(Parse*,Table*,int,int,
                                     int*,int,int,int,int,int*);
void sqlite3CompleteInsertion(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int*, int, int, int);
int sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(Parse*, Table*, int, int, int);
void sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3MultiWrite(Parse*);
void sqlite3MayAbort(Parse*);

  int addr = 0;          /* VDBE instruction address of the start of the loop */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
  Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
  Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices */
  Index *pPk;            /* The PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables */
  int nIdx;              /* Number of indices that need updating */
  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number of pTab */

  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database structure */
  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* One register assigned to each index to be updated */
  int *aXRef = 0;        /* aXRef[i] is the index in pChanges->a[] of the
                         ** an expression for the i-th column of the table.
                         ** aXRef[i]==-1 if the i-th column is not changed. */
  int chngRowid;         /* True if the record number is being changed */
  int chngPk;            /* The PRIMARY KEY of a WITHOUT ROWID table changed */
................................................................................
  ** need to occur right after the database cursor.  So go ahead and
  ** allocate enough space, just in case.
  */
  pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iCur = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    pParse->nTab++;
  }
  pPk = HasRowid(pTab) ? 0 : sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);





  /* Initialize the name-context */
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;

  /* Resolve the column names in all the expressions of the
................................................................................

    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
    if( hasFK ){
      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOldRowid, 0, aXRef, chngRowid);
    }

    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */



    j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regOldRowid);
    sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);

  
    /* If changing the record number, delete the old record.  */
    if( hasFK || chngRowid ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

  int addr = 0;          /* VDBE instruction address of the start of the loop */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;     /* Information about the WHERE clause */
  Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
  Index *pIdx;           /* For looping over indices */
  Index *pPk;            /* The PRIMARY KEY index for WITHOUT ROWID tables */
  int nIdx;              /* Number of indices that need updating */
  int iCur;              /* VDBE Cursor number of pTab */
  int pkCur;             /* VDBE Cursor for the pPk index */
  sqlite3 *db;           /* The database structure */
  int *aRegIdx = 0;      /* One register assigned to each index to be updated */
  int *aXRef = 0;        /* aXRef[i] is the index in pChanges->a[] of the
                         ** an expression for the i-th column of the table.
                         ** aXRef[i]==-1 if the i-th column is not changed. */
  int chngRowid;         /* True if the record number is being changed */
  int chngPk;            /* The PRIMARY KEY of a WITHOUT ROWID table changed */
................................................................................
  ** need to occur right after the database cursor.  So go ahead and
  ** allocate enough space, just in case.
  */
  pTabList->a[0].iCursor = iCur = pParse->nTab++;
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    pParse->nTab++;
  }


  /* For WITHOUT ROWID tables, we'll need to know the Index and the cursor
  ** number for the PRIMARY KEY index */
  sqlite3PrincipleBtree(pTab, iCur, &pPk, &pkCur);

  /* Initialize the name-context */
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;

  /* Resolve the column names in all the expressions of the
................................................................................

    /* Do FK constraint checks. */
    if( hasFK ){
      sqlite3FkCheck(pParse, pTab, regOldRowid, 0, aXRef, chngRowid);
    }

    /* Delete the index entries associated with the current record.  */
    if( pPk ){
      /*j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotFound, pkCur, */
    }else{
      j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, 0, regOldRowid);
      sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iCur, aRegIdx);
    }
  
    /* If changing the record number, delete the old record.  */
    if( hasFK || chngRowid ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iCur, 0);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
      r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
      r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
      r.aMem = pIn3;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG



      { int i; for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) ); }



#endif
      r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
      pIdxKey = &r;
    }else{
      pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(
          pC->pKeyInfo, aTempRec, sizeof(aTempRec), &pFree
      ); 

    assert( pC->isTable==0 );
    if( pOp->p4.i>0 ){
      r.pKeyInfo = pC->pKeyInfo;
      r.nField = (u16)pOp->p4.i;
      r.aMem = pIn3;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
      {
        int i;
        for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++){
          assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) );
          if( i ) REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3+i, &r.aMem[i]);
        }
      }
#endif
      r.flags = UNPACKED_PREFIX_MATCH;
      pIdxKey = &r;
    }else{
      pIdxKey = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(
          pC->pKeyInfo, aTempRec, sizeof(aTempRec), &pFree
      ); 

} {}

db close
sqlite3 db test.db
do_execsql_test e_reindex-1.3 {
  PRAGMA integrity_check;
} [list \
  {rowid 4 missing from index i2} \
  {rowid 4 missing from index i1} \
  {rowid 5 missing from index i2} \
  {rowid 5 missing from index i1} \
  {wrong # of entries in index i2} \
  {wrong # of entries in index i1}
]

do_execsql_test e_reindex-1.4 {
  REINDEX;
  PRAGMA integrity_check;

} {}

db close
sqlite3 db test.db
do_execsql_test e_reindex-1.3 {
  PRAGMA integrity_check;
} [list \
  {row 3 missing from index i2} \
  {row 3 missing from index i1} \
  {row 4 missing from index i2} \
  {row 4 missing from index i1} \
  {wrong # of entries in index i2} \
  {wrong # of entries in index i1}
]

do_execsql_test e_reindex-1.4 {
  REINDEX;
  PRAGMA integrity_check;

      # make the index appear to be empty.
      #
      set offset [expr {$pgsz*($rootpage-1)}]
      hexio_write test.db $offset 0a00000000040000000000
      db close
      sqlite3 db test.db
      execsql {PRAGMA integrity_check}
    } {{rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.3 {
      execsql {PRAGMA integrity_check=1}
    } {{rowid 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.4 {
      execsql {
        ATTACH DATABASE 'test.db' AS t2;
        PRAGMA integrity_check
      }
    } {{rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.5 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=4
      }
    } {{rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {rowid 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.6 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=xyz
      }
    } {{rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.7 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=0
      }
    } {{rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
  
    # Add additional corruption by appending unused pages to the end of
    # the database file testerr.db
    #
    do_test pragma-3.8 {
      execsql {DETACH t2}
      forcedelete testerr.db testerr.db-journal
................................................................................
      execsql {
        ATTACH 'testerr.db' AS t2;
        PRAGMA integrity_check
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.10 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=1
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used}}
    do_test pragma-3.11 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=5
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.12 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=4
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.13 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=3
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
................................................................................
      execsql {
        ATTACH 'testerr.db' AS t3;
        PRAGMA integrity_check
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {*** in database t3 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.16 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check(10)
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {*** in database t3 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.17 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=8
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2} {rowid 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {*** in database t3 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used}}
    do_test pragma-3.18 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=4
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {rowid 1 missing from index i2}}
  }
  do_test pragma-3.19 {
    catch {db close}
    forcedelete test.db test.db-journal
    sqlite3 db test.db
    db eval {PRAGMA integrity_check}
  } {ok}

      # make the index appear to be empty.
      #
      set offset [expr {$pgsz*($rootpage-1)}]
      hexio_write test.db $offset 0a00000000040000000000
      db close
      sqlite3 db test.db
      execsql {PRAGMA integrity_check}
    } {{row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.3 {
      execsql {PRAGMA integrity_check=1}
    } {{row 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.4 {
      execsql {
        ATTACH DATABASE 'test.db' AS t2;
        PRAGMA integrity_check
      }
    } {{row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.5 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=4
      }
    } {{row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {row 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.6 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=xyz
      }
    } {{row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.7 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=0
      }
    } {{row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
  
    # Add additional corruption by appending unused pages to the end of
    # the database file testerr.db
    #
    do_test pragma-3.8 {
      execsql {DETACH t2}
      forcedelete testerr.db testerr.db-journal
................................................................................
      execsql {
        ATTACH 'testerr.db' AS t2;
        PRAGMA integrity_check
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.10 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=1
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used}}
    do_test pragma-3.11 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=5
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.12 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=4
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.13 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=3
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
................................................................................
      execsql {
        ATTACH 'testerr.db' AS t3;
        PRAGMA integrity_check
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {*** in database t3 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.16 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check(10)
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {*** in database t3 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2}}
    do_test pragma-3.17 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=8
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2} {row 2 missing from index i2} {wrong # of entries in index i2} {*** in database t3 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used}}
    do_test pragma-3.18 {
      execsql {
        PRAGMA integrity_check=4
      }
    } {{*** in database t2 ***
Page 4 is never used
Page 5 is never used
Page 6 is never used} {row 1 missing from index i2}}
  }
  do_test pragma-3.19 {
    catch {db close}
    forcedelete test.db test.db-journal
    sqlite3 db test.db
    db eval {PRAGMA integrity_check}
  } {ok}

# 2013-10-30
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing WITHOUT ROWID tables.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Create and query a WITHOUT ROWID table.
#
do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d, PRIMARY KEY(c,a)) WITHOUT ROWID;
  CREATE INDEX t1bd ON t1(b, d);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('journal','sherman','ammonia','helena');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('dynamic','juliet','flipper','command');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('journal','sherman','gamma','patriot');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('arctic','sleep','ammonia','helena');
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 ORDER BY c, a;
} {arctic sleep ammonia helena | journal sherman ammonia helena | dynamic juliet flipper command | journal sherman gamma patriot |}

integrity_check without_rowid1-1.0ic

do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.1 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 ORDER BY +c, a;
} {arctic sleep ammonia helena | journal sherman ammonia helena | dynamic juliet flipper command | journal sherman gamma patriot |}

do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.2 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 ORDER BY c DESC, a DESC;
} {journal sherman gamma patriot | dynamic juliet flipper command | journal sherman ammonia helena | arctic sleep ammonia helena |}

do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.11 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 ORDER BY b, d;
} {dynamic juliet flipper command | journal sherman ammonia helena | journal sherman gamma patriot | arctic sleep ammonia helena |}

do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.12 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 ORDER BY +b, d;
} {dynamic juliet flipper command | journal sherman ammonia helena | journal sherman gamma patriot | arctic sleep ammonia helena |}

if 0 {
# Trying to insert a duplicate PRIMARY KEY fails.
#
do_test without_rowid1-1.21 {
  catchsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('dynamic','phone','flipper','harvard');
  }
} {1 {columns c, a are not unique}}

# REPLACE INTO works, however.
#
do_execsql_test without_rowid1-1.22 {
  REPLACE INTO t1 VALUES('dynamic','phone','flipper','harvard');
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 ORDER BY c, a;
} {}
}

finish_test