/*
** 2001 September 15
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
** May you do good and not evil.
** May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
** May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
**
** $Id: select.c,v 1.221 2005/01/15 01:52:32 drh Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
/*
** Allocate a new Select structure and return a pointer to that
** structure.
*/
Select *sqlite3SelectNew(
ExprList *pEList, /* which columns to include in the result */
SrcList *pSrc, /* the FROM clause -- which tables to scan */
Expr *pWhere, /* the WHERE clause */
ExprList *pGroupBy, /* the GROUP BY clause */
Expr *pHaving, /* the HAVING clause */
ExprList *pOrderBy, /* the ORDER BY clause */
int isDistinct, /* true if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
int nLimit, /* LIMIT value. -1 means not used */
int nOffset /* OFFSET value. 0 means no offset */
){
Select *pNew;
pNew = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
if( pNew==0 ){
sqlite3ExprListDelete(pEList);
sqlite3SrcListDelete(pSrc);
sqlite3ExprDelete(pWhere);
sqlite3ExprListDelete(pGroupBy);
sqlite3ExprDelete(pHaving);
sqlite3ExprListDelete(pOrderBy);
}else{
if( pEList==0 ){
pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(0, sqlite3Expr(TK_ALL,0,0,0), 0);
}
pNew->pEList = pEList;
pNew->pSrc = pSrc;
pNew->pWhere = pWhere;
pNew->pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
pNew->pHaving = pHaving;
pNew->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
pNew->isDistinct = isDistinct;
pNew->op = TK_SELECT;
pNew->nLimit = nLimit;
pNew->nOffset = nOffset;
pNew->iLimit = -1;
pNew->iOffset = -1;
}
return pNew;
}
/*
** Given 1 to 3 identifiers preceeding the JOIN keyword, determine the
** type of join. Return an integer constant that expresses that type
** in terms of the following bit values:
**
** JT_INNER
** JT_OUTER
** JT_NATURAL
** JT_LEFT
** JT_RIGHT
**
** A full outer join is the combination of JT_LEFT and JT_RIGHT.
**
** If an illegal or unsupported join type is seen, then still return
** a join type, but put an error in the pParse structure.
*/
int sqlite3JoinType(Parse *pParse, Token *pA, Token *pB, Token *pC){
int jointype = 0;
Token *apAll[3];
Token *p;
static const struct {
const char *zKeyword;
u8 nChar;
u8 code;
} keywords[] = {
{ "natural", 7, JT_NATURAL },
{ "left", 4, JT_LEFT|JT_OUTER },
{ "right", 5, JT_RIGHT|JT_OUTER },
{ "full", 4, JT_LEFT|JT_RIGHT|JT_OUTER },
{ "outer", 5, JT_OUTER },
{ "inner", 5, JT_INNER },
{ "cross", 5, JT_INNER },
};
int i, j;
apAll[0] = pA;
apAll[1] = pB;
apAll[2] = pC;
for(i=0; i<3 && apAll[i]; i++){
p = apAll[i];
for(j=0; j<sizeof(keywords)/sizeof(keywords[0]); j++){
if( p->n==keywords[j].nChar
&& sqlite3StrNICmp(p->z, keywords[j].zKeyword, p->n)==0 ){
jointype |= keywords[j].code;
break;
}
}
if( j>=sizeof(keywords)/sizeof(keywords[0]) ){
jointype |= JT_ERROR;
break;
}
}
if(
(jointype & (JT_INNER|JT_OUTER))==(JT_INNER|JT_OUTER) ||
(jointype & JT_ERROR)!=0
){
const char *zSp1 = " ";
const char *zSp2 = " ";
if( pB==0 ){ zSp1++; }
if( pC==0 ){ zSp2++; }
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown or unsupported join type: "
"%T%s%T%s%T", pA, zSp1, pB, zSp2, pC);
jointype = JT_INNER;
}else if( jointype & JT_RIGHT ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
"RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs are not currently supported");
jointype = JT_INNER;
}
return jointype;
}
/*
** Return the index of a column in a table. Return -1 if the column
** is not contained in the table.
*/
static int columnIndex(Table *pTab, const char *zCol){
int i;
for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
if( sqlite3StrICmp(pTab->aCol[i].zName, zCol)==0 ) return i;
}
return -1;
}
/*
** Set the value of a token to a '\000'-terminated string.
*/
static void setToken(Token *p, const char *z){
p->z = z;
p->n = strlen(z);
p->dyn = 0;
}
/*
** Add a term to the WHERE expression in *ppExpr that requires the
** zCol column to be equal in the two tables pTab1 and pTab2.
*/
static void addWhereTerm(
const char *zCol, /* Name of the column */
const Table *pTab1, /* First table */
const Table *pTab2, /* Second table */
Expr **ppExpr /* Add the equality term to this expression */
){
Token dummy;
Expr *pE1a, *pE1b, *pE1c;
Expr *pE2a, *pE2b, *pE2c;
Expr *pE;
setToken(&dummy, zCol);
pE1a = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &dummy);
pE2a = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &dummy);
setToken(&dummy, pTab1->zName);
pE1b = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &dummy);
setToken(&dummy, pTab2->zName);
pE2b = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, &dummy);
pE1c = sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, pE1b, pE1a, 0);
pE2c = sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, pE2b, pE2a, 0);
pE = sqlite3Expr(TK_EQ, pE1c, pE2c, 0);
ExprSetProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin);
*ppExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(*ppExpr, pE);
}
/*
** Set the EP_FromJoin property on all terms of the given expression.
**
** The EP_FromJoin property is used on terms of an expression to tell
** the LEFT OUTER JOIN processing logic that this term is part of the
** join restriction specified in the ON or USING clause and not a part
** of the more general WHERE clause. These terms are moved over to the
** WHERE clause during join processing but we need to remember that they
** originated in the ON or USING clause.
*/
static void setJoinExpr(Expr *p){
while( p ){
ExprSetProperty(p, EP_FromJoin);
setJoinExpr(p->pLeft);
p = p->pRight;
}
}
/*
** This routine processes the join information for a SELECT statement.
** ON and USING clauses are converted into extra terms of the WHERE clause.
** NATURAL joins also create extra WHERE clause terms.
**
** The terms of a FROM clause are contained in the Select.pSrc structure.
** The left most table is the first entry in Select.pSrc. The right-most
** table is the last entry. The join operator is held in the entry to
** the left. Thus entry 0 contains the join operator for the join between
** entries 0 and 1. Any ON or USING clauses associated with the join are
** also attached to the left entry.
**
** This routine returns the number of errors encountered.
*/
static int sqliteProcessJoin(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
SrcList *pSrc; /* All tables in the FROM clause */
int i, j; /* Loop counters */
struct SrcList_item *pLeft; /* Left table being joined */
struct SrcList_item *pRight; /* Right table being joined */
pSrc = p->pSrc;
pLeft = &pSrc->a[0];
pRight = &pLeft[1];
for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
Table *pLeftTab = pLeft->pTab;
Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
if( pLeftTab==0 || pRightTab==0 ) continue;
/* When the NATURAL keyword is present, add WHERE clause terms for
** every column that the two tables have in common.
*/
if( pLeft->jointype & JT_NATURAL ){
if( pLeft->pOn || pLeft->pUsing ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a NATURAL join may not have "
"an ON or USING clause", 0);
return 1;
}
for(j=0; j<pLeftTab->nCol; j++){
char *zName = pLeftTab->aCol[j].zName;
if( columnIndex(pRightTab, zName)>=0 ){
addWhereTerm(zName, pLeftTab, pRightTab, &p->pWhere);
}
}
}
/* Disallow both ON and USING clauses in the same join
*/
if( pLeft->pOn && pLeft->pUsing ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot have both ON and USING "
"clauses in the same join");
return 1;
}
/* Add the ON clause to the end of the WHERE clause, connected by
** an AND operator.
*/
if( pLeft->pOn ){
setJoinExpr(pLeft->pOn);
p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(p->pWhere, pLeft->pOn);
pLeft->pOn = 0;
}
/* Create extra terms on the WHERE clause for each column named
** in the USING clause. Example: If the two tables to be joined are
** A and B and the USING clause names X, Y, and Z, then add this
** to the WHERE clause: A.X=B.X AND A.Y=B.Y AND A.Z=B.Z
** Report an error if any column mentioned in the USING clause is
** not contained in both tables to be joined.
*/
if( pLeft->pUsing ){
IdList *pList = pLeft->pUsing;
for(j=0; j<pList->nId; j++){
char *zName = pList->a[j].zName;
if( columnIndex(pLeftTab, zName)<0 || columnIndex(pRightTab, zName)<0 ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot join using column %s - column "
"not present in both tables", zName);
return 1;
}
addWhereTerm(zName, pLeftTab, pRightTab, &p->pWhere);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
** Delete the given Select structure and all of its substructures.
*/
void sqlite3SelectDelete(Select *p){
if( p==0 ) return;
sqlite3ExprListDelete(p->pEList);
sqlite3SrcListDelete(p->pSrc);
sqlite3ExprDelete(p->pWhere);
sqlite3ExprListDelete(p->pGroupBy);
sqlite3ExprDelete(p->pHaving);
sqlite3ExprListDelete(p->pOrderBy);
sqlite3SelectDelete(p->pPrior);
sqliteFree(p);
}
/*
** Delete the aggregate information from the parse structure.
*/
static void sqliteAggregateInfoReset(Parse *pParse){
sqliteFree(pParse->aAgg);
pParse->aAgg = 0;
pParse->nAgg = 0;
pParse->useAgg = 0;
}
/*
** Insert code into "v" that will push the record on the top of the
** stack into the sorter.
*/
static void pushOntoSorter(Parse *pParse, Vdbe *v, ExprList *pOrderBy){
int i;
for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pOrderBy->nExpr, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SortPut, 0, 0);
}
/*
** Add code to implement the OFFSET and LIMIT
*/
static void codeLimiter(
Vdbe *v, /* Generate code into this VM */
Select *p, /* The SELECT statement being coded */
int iContinue, /* Jump here to skip the current record */
int iBreak, /* Jump here to end the loop */
int nPop /* Number of times to pop stack when jumping */
){
if( p->iOffset>=0 ){
int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 2;
if( nPop>0 ) addr++;
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemIncr, p->iOffset, addr);
if( nPop>0 ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, nPop, 0);
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
VdbeComment((v, "# skip OFFSET records"));
}
if( p->iLimit>=0 ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemIncr, p->iLimit, iBreak);
VdbeComment((v, "# exit when LIMIT reached"));
}
}
/*
** This routine generates the code for the inside of the inner loop
** of a SELECT.
**
** If srcTab and nColumn are both zero, then the pEList expressions
** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row. If nColumn>0
** then data is pulled from srcTab and pEList is used only to get the
** datatypes for each column.
*/
static int selectInnerLoop(
Parse *pParse, /* The parser context */
Select *p, /* The complete select statement being coded */
ExprList *pEList, /* List of values being extracted */
int srcTab, /* Pull data from this table */
int nColumn, /* Number of columns in the source table */
ExprList *pOrderBy, /* If not NULL, sort results using this key */
int distinct, /* If >=0, make sure results are distinct */
int eDest, /* How to dispose of the results */
int iParm, /* An argument to the disposal method */
int iContinue, /* Jump here to continue with next row */
int iBreak, /* Jump here to break out of the inner loop */
char *aff /* affinity string if eDest is SRT_Union */
){
Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
int i;
int hasDistinct; /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
if( v==0 ) return 0;
assert( pEList!=0 );
/* If there was a LIMIT clause on the SELECT statement, then do the check
** to see if this row should be output.
*/
hasDistinct = distinct>=0 && pEList && pEList->nExpr>0;
if( pOrderBy==0 && !hasDistinct ){
codeLimiter(v, p, iContinue, iBreak, 0);
}
/* Pull the requested columns.
*/
if( nColumn>0 ){
for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Column, srcTab, i);
}
}else{
nColumn = pEList->nExpr;
for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pEList->a[i].pExpr);
}
}
/* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
** and this row has been seen before, then do not make this row
** part of the result.
*/
if( hasDistinct ){
#if NULL_ALWAYS_DISTINCT
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_IsNull, -pEList->nExpr, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+7);
#endif
/* Deliberately leave the affinity string off of the following
** OP_MakeRecord */
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pEList->nExpr * -1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Distinct, distinct, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, pEList->nExpr+1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, iContinue);
VdbeComment((v, "# skip indistinct records"));
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_String8, 0, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, distinct, 0);
if( pOrderBy==0 ){
codeLimiter(v, p, iContinue, iBreak, nColumn);
}
}
switch( eDest ){
/* In this mode, write each query result to the key of the temporary
** table iParm.
*/
case SRT_Union: {
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, NULL_ALWAYS_DISTINCT);
sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, -1, aff, P3_STATIC);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_String8, 0, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, iParm, 0);
break;
}
/* Store the result as data using a unique key.
*/
case SRT_Table:
case SRT_TempTable: {
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
if( pOrderBy ){
pushOntoSorter(pParse, v, pOrderBy);
}else{
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, iParm, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pull, 1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, iParm, 0);
}
break;
}
/* Construct a record from the query result, but instead of
** saving that record, use it as a key to delete elements from
** the temporary table iParm.
*/
case SRT_Except: {
int addr;
addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, NULL_ALWAYS_DISTINCT);
sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, -1, aff, P3_STATIC);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotFound, iParm, addr+3);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Delete, iParm, 0);
break;
}
/* If we are creating a set for an "expr IN (SELECT ...)" construct,
** then there should be a single item on the stack. Write this
** item into the set table with bogus data.
*/
case SRT_Set: {
int addr1 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
int addr2;
assert( nColumn==1 );
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotNull, -1, addr1+3);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
addr2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, 0);
if( pOrderBy ){
pushOntoSorter(pParse, v, pOrderBy);
}else{
char aff = (iParm>>16)&0xFF;
aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, aff);
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, 1, 0, &aff, 1);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_String8, 0, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, (iParm&0x0000FFFF), 0);
}
sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, addr2, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v));
break;
}
/* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
** of the scan loop.
*/
case SRT_Mem: {
assert( nColumn==1 );
if( pOrderBy ){
pushOntoSorter(pParse, v, pOrderBy);
}else{
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, iParm, 1);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, iBreak);
}
break;
}
/* Send the data to the callback function.
*/
case SRT_Callback:
case SRT_Sorter: {
if( pOrderBy ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
pushOntoSorter(pParse, v, pOrderBy);
}else{
assert( eDest==SRT_Callback );
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Callback, nColumn, 0);
}
break;
}
/* Invoke a subroutine to handle the results. The subroutine itself
** is responsible for popping the results off of the stack.
*/
case SRT_Subroutine: {
if( pOrderBy ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, nColumn, 0);
pushOntoSorter(pParse, v, pOrderBy);
}else{
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Gosub, 0, iParm);
}
break;
}
/* Discard the results. This is used for SELECT statements inside
** the body of a TRIGGER. The purpose of such selects is to call
** user-defined functions that have side effects. We do not care
** about the actual results of the select.
*/
default: {
assert( eDest==SRT_Discard );
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, nColumn, 0);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
** If the inner loop was generated using a non-null pOrderBy argument,
** then the results were placed in a sorter. After the loop is terminated
** we need to run the sorter and output the results. The following
** routine generates the code needed to do that.
*/
static void generateSortTail(
Parse *pParse, /* The parsing context */
Select *p, /* The SELECT statement */
Vdbe *v, /* Generate code into this VDBE */
int nColumn, /* Number of columns of data */
int eDest, /* Write the sorted results here */
int iParm /* Optional parameter associated with eDest */
){
int end1 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
int end2 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
int addr;
KeyInfo *pInfo;
ExprList *pOrderBy;
int nCol, i;
sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
if( eDest==SRT_Sorter ) return;
pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
nCol = pOrderBy->nExpr;
pInfo = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(*pInfo) + nCol*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) );
if( pInfo==0 ) return;
pInfo->aSortOrder = (char*)&pInfo->aColl[nCol];
pInfo->nField = nCol;
for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
/* If a collation sequence was specified explicity, then it
** is stored in pOrderBy->a[i].zName. Otherwise, use the default
** collation type for the expression.
*/
pInfo->aColl[i] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
if( !pInfo->aColl[i] ){
pInfo->aColl[i] = db->pDfltColl;
}
pInfo->aSortOrder[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
}
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_Sort, 0, 0, (char*)pInfo, P3_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SortNext, 0, end1);
codeLimiter(v, p, addr, end2, 1);
switch( eDest ){
case SRT_Table:
case SRT_TempTable: {
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NewRecno, iParm, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pull, 1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutIntKey, iParm, 0);
break;
}
case SRT_Set: {
assert( nColumn==1 );
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotNull, -1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+3);
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, 1, 0, "n", P3_STATIC);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_String8, 0, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_PutStrKey, (iParm&0x0000FFFF), 0);
break;
}
case SRT_Mem: {
assert( nColumn==1 );
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, iParm, 1);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, end1);
break;
}
case SRT_Callback:
case SRT_Subroutine: {
int i;
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, p->pEList->nExpr, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pull, 1, 0);
for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Column, -1-i, i);
}
if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Callback, nColumn, 0);
}else{
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Gosub, 0, iParm);
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 2, 0);
break;
}
default: {
/* Do nothing */
break;
}
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, addr);
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, end2);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Pop, 1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, end1);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SortReset, 0, 0);
}
/*
** Return a pointer to a string containing the 'declaration type' of the
** expression pExpr. The string may be treated as static by the caller.
**
** If the declaration type is the exact datatype definition extracted from
** the original CREATE TABLE statement if the expression is a column.
**
** The declaration type for an expression is either TEXT, NUMERIC or ANY.
** The declaration type for a ROWID field is INTEGER.
*/
static const char *columnType(Parse *pParse, SrcList *pTabList, Expr *pExpr){
char const *zType;
int j;
if( pExpr==0 || pTabList==0 ) return 0;
switch( pExpr->op ){
case TK_COLUMN: {
Table *pTab;
int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
for(j=0; j<pTabList->nSrc && pTabList->a[j].iCursor!=pExpr->iTable; j++){}
assert( j<pTabList->nSrc );
pTab = pTabList->a[j].pTab;
if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
if( iCol<0 ){
zType = "INTEGER";
}else{
zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
}
break;
}
case TK_SELECT: {
Select *pS = pExpr->pSelect;
zType = columnType(pParse, pS->pSrc, pS->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
break;
}
case TK_AS:
/* The TK_AS operator can only occur in ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING,
** and LIMIT clauses. But pExpr originates in the result set of a
** SELECT. So pExpr can never contain an AS operator.
*/
assert( 0 );
/* Fall thru */
default:
zType = 0;
}
return zType;
}
/*
** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the declaration types of columns
** in the result set.
*/
static void generateColumnTypes(
Parse *pParse, /* Parser context */
SrcList *pTabList, /* List of tables */
ExprList *pEList /* Expressions defining the result set */
){
Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
int i;
for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
const char *zType = columnType(pParse, pTabList, p);
if( zType==0 ) continue;
/* The vdbe must make it's own copy of the column-type, in case the
** schema is reset before this virtual machine is deleted.
*/
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i+pEList->nExpr, zType, strlen(zType));
}
}
/*
** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the names of columns
** in the result set. This information is used to provide the
** azCol[] values in the callback.
*/
static void generateColumnNames(
Parse *pParse, /* Parser context */
SrcList *pTabList, /* List of tables */
ExprList *pEList /* Expressions defining the result set */
){
Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
int i, j;
sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
int fullNames, shortNames;
/* If this is an EXPLAIN, skip this step */
if( pParse->explain ){
return;
}
assert( v!=0 );
if( pParse->colNamesSet || v==0 || sqlite3_malloc_failed ) return;
pParse->colNamesSet = 1;
fullNames = (db->flags & SQLITE_FullColNames)!=0;
shortNames = (db->flags & SQLITE_ShortColNames)!=0;
sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(v, pEList->nExpr);
for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
Expr *p;
p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
if( p==0 ) continue;
if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, zName, strlen(zName));
continue;
}
if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && pTabList ){
Table *pTab;
char *zCol;
int iCol = p->iColumn;
for(j=0; j<pTabList->nSrc && pTabList->a[j].iCursor!=p->iTable; j++){}
assert( j<pTabList->nSrc );
pTab = pTabList->a[j].pTab;
if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
if( iCol<0 ){
zCol = "_ROWID_";
}else{
zCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
}
if( !shortNames && !fullNames && p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, p->span.z, p->span.n);
}else if( fullNames || (!shortNames && pTabList->nSrc>1) ){
char *zName = 0;
char *zTab;
zTab = pTabList->a[j].zAlias;
if( fullNames || zTab==0 ) zTab = pTab->zName;
sqlite3SetString(&zName, zTab, ".", zCol, 0);
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, zName, P3_DYNAMIC);
}else{
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, zCol, 0);
}
}else if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, p->span.z, p->span.n);
/* sqlite3VdbeCompressSpace(v, addr); */
}else{
char zName[30];
assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || pTabList==0 );
sprintf(zName, "column%d", i+1);
sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, zName, 0);
}
}
generateColumnTypes(pParse, pTabList, pEList);
}
/*
** Name of the connection operator, used for error messages.
*/
static const char *selectOpName(int id){
char *z;
switch( id ){
case TK_ALL: z = "UNION ALL"; break;
case TK_INTERSECT: z = "INTERSECT"; break;
case TK_EXCEPT: z = "EXCEPT"; break;
default: z = "UNION"; break;
}
return z;
}
/*
** Forward declaration
*/
static int fillInColumnList(Parse*, Select*);
/*
** Given a SELECT statement, generate a Table structure that describes
** the result set of that SELECT.
*/
Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse *pParse, char *zTabName, Select *pSelect){
Table *pTab;
int i, j;
ExprList *pEList;
Column *aCol, *pCol;
if( fillInColumnList(pParse, pSelect) ){
return 0;
}
pTab = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(Table) );
if( pTab==0 ){
return 0;
}
pTab->zName = zTabName ? sqliteStrDup(zTabName) : 0;
pEList = pSelect->pEList;
pTab->nCol = pEList->nExpr;
assert( pTab->nCol>0 );
pTab->aCol = aCol = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(pTab->aCol[0])*pTab->nCol );
for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
Expr *pR;
char *zType;
char *zName;
Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
assert( p->pRight==0 || p->pRight->token.z==0 || p->pRight->token.z[0]!=0 );
if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
zName = sqliteStrDup(zName);
}else if( p->op==TK_DOT
&& (pR=p->pRight)!=0 && pR->token.z && pR->token.z[0] ){
int cnt;
zName = sqlite3MPrintf("%T", &pR->token);
for(j=cnt=0; j<i; j++){
if( sqlite3StrICmp(aCol[j].zName, zName)==0 ){
sqliteFree(zName);
zName = sqlite3MPrintf("%T_%d", &pR->token, ++cnt);
j = -1;
}
}
}else if( p->span.z && p->span.z[0] ){
zName = sqlite3MPrintf("%T", &p->span);
}else{
zName = sqlite3MPrintf("column%d", i+1);
}
sqlite3Dequote(zName);
pCol->zName = zName;
zType = sqliteStrDup(columnType(pParse, pSelect->pSrc ,p));
pCol->zType = zType;
pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
if( zType ){
pCol->affinity = sqlite3AffinityType(zType, strlen(zType));
}
pCol->pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
if( !pCol->pColl ){
pCol->pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
}
}
pTab->iPKey = -1;
return pTab;
}
/*
** For the given SELECT statement, do three things.
**
** (1) Fill in the pTabList->a[].pTab fields in the SrcList that
** defines the set of tables that should be scanned. For views,
** fill pTabList->a[].pSelect with a copy of the SELECT statement
** that implements the view. A copy is made of the view's SELECT
** statement so that we can freely modify or delete that statement
** without worrying about messing up the presistent representation
** of the view.
**
** (2) Add terms to the WHERE clause to accomodate the NATURAL keyword
** on joins and the ON and USING clause of joins.
**
** (3) Scan the list of columns in the result set (pEList) looking
** for instances of the "*" operator or the TABLE.* operator.
** If found, expand each "*" to be every column in every table
** and TABLE.* to be every column in TABLE.
**
** Return 0 on success. If there are problems, leave an error message
** in pParse and return non-zero.
*/
static int fillInColumnList(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
int i, j, k, rc;
SrcList *pTabList;
ExprList *pEList;
Table *pTab;
struct SrcList_item *pFrom;
if( p==0 || p->pSrc==0 ) return 1;
pTabList = p->pSrc;
pEList = p->pEList;
/* Look up every table in the table list.
*/
for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
if( pFrom->pTab ){
/* This routine has run before! No need to continue */
return 0;
}
if( pFrom->zName==0 ){
/* A sub-query in the FROM clause of a SELECT */
assert( pFrom->pSelect!=0 );
if( pFrom->zAlias==0 ){
pFrom->zAlias =
sqlite3MPrintf("sqlite_subquery_%p_", (void*)pFrom->pSelect);
}
pFrom->pTab = pTab =
sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pFrom->zAlias, pFrom->pSelect);
if( pTab==0 ){
return 1;
}
/* The isTransient flag indicates that the Table structure has been
** dynamically allocated and may be freed at any time. In other words,
** pTab is not pointing to a persistent table structure that defines
** part of the schema. */
pTab->isTransient = 1;
}else{
/* An ordinary table or view name in the FROM clause */
pFrom->pTab = pTab =
sqlite3LocateTable(pParse,pFrom->zName,pFrom->zDatabase);
if( pTab==0 ){
return 1;
}
if( pTab->pSelect ){
/* We reach here if the named table is a really a view */
if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
return 1;
}
/* If pFrom->pSelect!=0 it means we are dealing with a
** view within a view. The SELECT structure has already been
** copied by the outer view so we can skip the copy step here
** in the inner view.
*/
if( pFrom->pSelect==0 ){
pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(pTab->pSelect);
}
}
}
}
/* Process NATURAL keywords, and ON and USING clauses of joins.
*/
if( sqliteProcessJoin(pParse, p) ) return 1;
/* For every "*" that occurs in the column list, insert the names of
** all columns in all tables. And for every TABLE.* insert the names
** of all columns in TABLE. The parser inserted a special expression
** with the TK_ALL operator for each "*" that it found in the column list.
** The following code just has to locate the TK_ALL expressions and expand
** each one to the list of all columns in all tables.
**
** The first loop just checks to see if there are any "*" operators
** that need expanding.
*/
for(k=0; k<pEList->nExpr; k++){
Expr *pE = pEList->a[k].pExpr;
if( pE->op==TK_ALL ) break;
if( pE->op==TK_DOT && pE->pRight && pE->pRight->op==TK_ALL
&& pE->pLeft && pE->pLeft->op==TK_ID ) break;
}
rc = 0;
if( k<pEList->nExpr ){
/*
** If we get here it means the result set contains one or more "*"
** operators that need to be expanded. Loop through each expression
** in the result set and expand them one by one.
*/
struct ExprList_item *a = pEList->a;
ExprList *pNew = 0;
for(k=0; k<pEList->nExpr; k++){
Expr *pE = a[k].pExpr;
if( pE->op!=TK_ALL &&
(pE->op!=TK_DOT || pE->pRight==0 || pE->pRight->op!=TK_ALL) ){
/* This particular expression does not need to be expanded.
*/
pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pNew, a[k].pExpr, 0);
pNew->a[pNew->nExpr-1].zName = a[k].zName;
a[k].pExpr = 0;
a[k].zName = 0;
}else{
/* This expression is a "*" or a "TABLE.*" and needs to be
** expanded. */
int tableSeen = 0; /* Set to 1 when TABLE matches */
char *zTName; /* text of name of TABLE */
if( pE->op==TK_DOT && pE->pLeft ){
zTName = sqlite3NameFromToken(&pE->pLeft->token);
}else{
zTName = 0;
}
for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
char *zTabName = pFrom->zAlias;
if( zTabName==0 || zTabName[0]==0 ){
zTabName = pTab->zName;
}
if( zTName && (zTabName==0 || zTabName[0]==0 ||
sqlite3StrICmp(zTName, zTabName)!=0) ){
continue;
}
tableSeen = 1;
for(j=0; j<pTab->nCol; j++){
Expr *pExpr, *pLeft, *pRight;
char *zName = pTab->aCol[j].zName;
if( i>0 ){
struct SrcList_item *pLeft = &pTabList->a[i-1];
if( (pLeft->jointype & JT_NATURAL)!=0 &&
columnIndex(pLeft->pTab, zName)>=0 ){
/* In a NATURAL join, omit the join columns from the
** table on the right */
continue;
}
if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pLeft->pUsing, zName)>=0 ){
/* In a join with a USING clause, omit columns in the
** using clause from the table on the right. */
continue;
}
}
pRight = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, 0);
if( pRight==0 ) break;
setToken(&pRight->token, zName);
if( zTabName && pTabList->nSrc>1 ){
pLeft = sqlite3Expr(TK_ID, 0, 0, 0);
pExpr = sqlite3Expr(TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight, 0);
if( pExpr==0 ) break;
setToken(&pLeft->token, zTabName);
setToken(&pExpr->span, sqlite3MPrintf("%s.%s", zTabName, zName));
pExpr->span.dyn = 1;
pExpr->token.z = 0;
pExpr->token.n = 0;
pExpr->token.dyn = 0;
}else{
pExpr = pRight;
pExpr->span = pExpr->token;
}
pNew = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pNew, pExpr, 0);
}
}
if( !tableSeen ){
if( zTName ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such table: %s", zTName);
}else{
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no tables specified");
}
rc = 1;
}
sqliteFree(zTName);
}
}
sqlite3ExprListDelete(pEList);
p->pEList = pNew;
}
return rc;
}
/*
** This routine recursively unlinks the Select.pSrc.a[].pTab pointers
** in a select structure. It just sets the pointers to NULL. This
** routine is recursive in the sense that if the Select.pSrc.a[].pSelect
** pointer is not NULL, this routine is called recursively on that pointer.
**
** This routine is called on the Select structure that defines a
** VIEW in order to undo any bindings to tables. This is necessary
** because those tables might be DROPed by a subsequent SQL command.
** If the bindings are not removed, then the Select.pSrc->a[].pTab field
** will be left pointing to a deallocated Table structure after the
** DROP and a coredump will occur the next time the VIEW is used.
*/
void sqlite3SelectUnbind(Select *p){
int i;
SrcList *pSrc = p->pSrc;
struct SrcList_item *pItem;
Table *pTab;
if( p==0 ) return;
for(i=0, pItem=pSrc->a; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
if( (pTab = pItem->pTab)!=0 ){
if( pTab->isTransient ){
sqlite3DeleteTable(0, pTab);
}
pItem->pTab = 0;
if( pItem->pSelect ){
sqlite3SelectUnbind(pItem->pSelect);
}
}
}
}
/*
** This routine associates entries in an ORDER BY expression list with
** columns in a result. For each ORDER BY expression, the opcode of
** the top-level node is changed to TK_COLUMN and the iColumn value of
** the top-level node is filled in with column number and the iTable
** value of the top-level node is filled with iTable parameter.
**
** If there are prior SELECT clauses, they are processed first. A match
** in an earlier SELECT takes precedence over a later SELECT.
**
** Any entry that does not match is flagged as an error. The number
** of errors is returned.
*/
static int matchOrderbyToColumn(
Parse *pParse, /* A place to leave error messages */
Select *pSelect, /* Match to result columns of this SELECT */
ExprList *pOrderBy, /* The ORDER BY values to match against columns */
int iTable, /* Insert this value in iTable */
int mustComplete /* If TRUE all ORDER BYs must match */
){
int nErr = 0;
int i, j;
ExprList *pEList;
if( pSelect==0 || pOrderBy==0 ) return 1;
if( mustComplete ){
for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){ pOrderBy->a[i].done = 0; }
}
if( fillInColumnList(pParse, pSelect) ){
return 1;
}
if( pSelect->pPrior ){
if( matchOrderbyToColumn(pParse, pSelect->pPrior, pOrderBy, iTable, 0) ){
return 1;
}
}
pEList = pSelect->pEList;
for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
Expr *pE = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
int iCol = -1;
if( pOrderBy->a[i].done ) continue;
if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
"ORDER BY position %d should be between 1 and %d",
iCol, pEList->nExpr);
nErr++;
break;
}
if( !mustComplete ) continue;
iCol--;
}
for(j=0; iCol<0 && j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
if( pEList->a[j].zName && (pE->op==TK_ID || pE->op==TK_STRING) ){
char *zName, *zLabel;
zName = pEList->a[j].zName;
zLabel = sqlite3NameFromToken(&pE->token);
assert( zLabel!=0 );
if( sqlite3StrICmp(zName, zLabel)==0 ){
iCol = j;
}
sqliteFree(zLabel);
}
if( iCol<0 && sqlite3ExprCompare(pE, pEList->a[j].pExpr) ){
iCol = j;
}
}
if( iCol>=0 ){
pE->op = TK_COLUMN;
pE->iColumn = iCol;
pE->iTable = iTable;
pOrderBy->a[i].done = 1;
}
if( iCol<0 && mustComplete ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
"ORDER BY term number %d does not match any result column", i+1);
nErr++;
break;
}
}
return nErr;
}
/*
** Get a VDBE for the given parser context. Create a new one if necessary.
** If an error occurs, return NULL and leave a message in pParse.
*/
Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
if( v==0 ){
v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse->db);
}
return v;
}
/*
** Compute the iLimit and iOffset fields of the SELECT based on the
** nLimit and nOffset fields. nLimit and nOffset hold the integers
** that appear in the original SQL statement after the LIMIT and OFFSET
** keywords. Or that hold -1 and 0 if those keywords are omitted.
** iLimit and iOffset are the integer memory register numbers for
** counters used to compute the limit and offset. If there is no
** limit and/or offset, then iLimit and iOffset are negative.
**
** This routine changes the values if iLimit and iOffset only if
** a limit or offset is defined by nLimit and nOffset. iLimit and
** iOffset should have been preset to appropriate default values
** (usually but not always -1) prior to calling this routine.
** Only if nLimit>=0 or nOffset>0 do the limit registers get
** redefined. The UNION ALL operator uses this property to force
** the reuse of the same limit and offset registers across multiple
** SELECT statements.
*/
static void computeLimitRegisters(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
/*
** If the comparison is p->nLimit>0 then "LIMIT 0" shows
** all rows. It is the same as no limit. If the comparision is
** p->nLimit>=0 then "LIMIT 0" show no rows at all.
** "LIMIT -1" always shows all rows. There is some
** contraversy about what the correct behavior should be.
** The current implementation interprets "LIMIT 0" to mean
** no rows.
*/
if( p->nLimit>=0 ){
int iMem = pParse->nMem++;
Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
if( v==0 ) return;
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, -p->nLimit, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, iMem, 1);
VdbeComment((v, "# LIMIT counter"));
p->iLimit = iMem;
}
if( p->nOffset>0 ){
int iMem = pParse->nMem++;
Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
if( v==0 ) return;
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, -p->nOffset, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, iMem, 1);
VdbeComment((v, "# OFFSET counter"));
p->iOffset = iMem;
}
}
/*
** Generate VDBE instructions that will open a transient table that
** will be used for an index or to store keyed results for a compound
** select. In other words, open a transient table that needs a
** KeyInfo structure. The number of columns in the KeyInfo is determined
** by the result set of the SELECT statement in the second argument.
**
** Specifically, this routine is called to open an index table for
** DISTINCT, UNION, INTERSECT and EXCEPT select statements (but not
** UNION ALL).
**
** Make the new table a KeyAsData table if keyAsData is true.
**
** The value returned is the address of the OP_OpenTemp instruction.
*/
static int openTempIndex(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int iTab, int keyAsData){
KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
int nColumn;
sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
int i;
Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
int addr;
if( fillInColumnList(pParse, p) ){
return 0;
}
nColumn = p->pEList->nExpr;
pKeyInfo = sqliteMalloc( sizeof(*pKeyInfo)+nColumn*sizeof(CollSeq*) );
if( pKeyInfo==0 ) return 0;
pKeyInfo->enc = db->enc;
pKeyInfo->nField = nColumn;
for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p->pEList->a[i].pExpr);
if( !pKeyInfo->aColl[i] ){
pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = db->pDfltColl;
}
}
addr = sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_OpenTemp, iTab, 0,
(char*)pKeyInfo, P3_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
if( keyAsData ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_KeyAsData, iTab, 1);
}
return addr;
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
/*
** Add the address "addr" to the set of all OpenTemp opcode addresses
** that are being accumulated in p->ppOpenTemp.
*/
static int multiSelectOpenTempAddr(Select *p, int addr){
IdList *pList = *p->ppOpenTemp = sqlite3IdListAppend(*p->ppOpenTemp, 0);
if( pList==0 ){
return SQLITE_NOMEM;
}
pList->a[pList->nId-1].idx = addr;
return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
/*
** Return the appropriate collating sequence for the iCol-th column of
** the result set for the compound-select statement "p". Return NULL if
** the column has no default collating sequence.
**
** The collating sequence for the compound select is taken from the
** left-most term of the select that has a collating sequence.
*/
static CollSeq *multiSelectCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int iCol){
CollSeq *pRet;
if( p->pPrior ){
pRet = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p->pPrior, iCol);
}else{
pRet = 0;
}
if( pRet==0 ){
pRet = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p->pEList->a[iCol].pExpr);
}
return pRet;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
/*
** This routine is called to process a query that is really the union
** or intersection of two or more separate queries.
**
** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries. the query on the
** left is p->pPrior. The left query could also be a compound query
** in which case this routine will be called recursively.
**
** The results of the total query are to be written into a destination
** of type eDest with parameter iParm.
**
** Example 1: Consider a three-way compound SQL statement.
**
** SELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t2 UNION SELECT c FROM t3
**
** This statement is parsed up as follows:
**
** SELECT c FROM t3
** |
** `-----> SELECT b FROM t2
** |
** `------> SELECT a FROM t1
**
** The arrows in the diagram above represent the Select.pPrior pointer.
** So if this routine is called with p equal to the t3 query, then
** pPrior will be the t2 query. p->op will be TK_UNION in this case.
**
** Notice that because of the way SQLite parses compound SELECTs, the
** individual selects always group from left to right.
*/
static int multiSelect(
Parse *pParse, /* Parsing context */
Select *p, /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
int eDest, /* \___ Store query results as specified */
int iParm, /* / by these two parameters. */
char *aff /* If eDest is SRT_Union, the affinity string */
){
int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Success code from a subroutine */
Select *pPrior; /* Another SELECT immediately to our left */
Vdbe *v; /* Generate code to this VDBE */
IdList *pOpenTemp = 0;/* OP_OpenTemp opcodes that need a KeyInfo */
int aAddr[5]; /* Addresses of SetNumColumns operators */
int nAddr = 0; /* Number used */
int nCol; /* Number of columns in the result set */
/* Make sure there is no ORDER BY or LIMIT clause on prior SELECTs. Only
** the last (right-most) SELECT in the series may have an ORDER BY or LIMIT.
*/
if( p==0 || p->pPrior==0 ){
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
pPrior = p->pPrior;
if( pPrior->pOrderBy ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"ORDER BY clause should come after %s not before",
selectOpName(p->op));
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
if( pPrior->nLimit>=0 || pPrior->nOffset>0 ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"LIMIT clause should come after %s not before",
selectOpName(p->op));
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* Make sure we have a valid query engine. If not, create a new one.
*/
v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
if( v==0 ){
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* If *p this is the right-most select statement, then initialize
** p->ppOpenTemp to point to pOpenTemp. If *p is not the right most
** statement then p->ppOpenTemp will have already been initialized
** by a prior call to this same procedure. Pass along the pOpenTemp
** pointer to pPrior, the next statement to our left.
*/
if( p->ppOpenTemp==0 ){
p->ppOpenTemp = &pOpenTemp;
}
pPrior->ppOpenTemp = p->ppOpenTemp;
/* Create the destination temporary table if necessary
*/
if( eDest==SRT_TempTable ){
assert( p->pEList );
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_OpenTemp, iParm, 0);
assert( nAddr==0 );
aAddr[nAddr++] = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetNumColumns, iParm, 0);
eDest = SRT_Table;
}
/* Generate code for the left and right SELECT statements.
*/
switch( p->op ){
case TK_ALL: {
if( p->pOrderBy==0 ){
pPrior->nLimit = p->nLimit;
pPrior->nOffset = p->nOffset;
rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, eDest, iParm, 0, 0, 0, aff);
if( rc ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
p->pPrior = 0;
p->iLimit = pPrior->iLimit;
p->iOffset = pPrior->iOffset;
p->nLimit = -1;
p->nOffset = 0;
rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, eDest, iParm, 0, 0, 0, aff);
p->pPrior = pPrior;
if( rc ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
break;
}
/* For UNION ALL ... ORDER BY fall through to the next case */
}
case TK_EXCEPT:
case TK_UNION: {
int unionTab; /* Cursor number of the temporary table holding result */
int op = 0; /* One of the SRT_ operations to apply to self */
int priorOp; /* The SRT_ operation to apply to prior selects */
int nLimit, nOffset; /* Saved values of p->nLimit and p->nOffset */
ExprList *pOrderBy; /* The ORDER BY clause for the right SELECT */
int addr;
priorOp = p->op==TK_ALL ? SRT_Table : SRT_Union;
if( eDest==priorOp && p->pOrderBy==0 && p->nLimit<0 && p->nOffset==0 ){
/* We can reuse a temporary table generated by a SELECT to our
** right.
*/
unionTab = iParm;
}else{
/* We will need to create our own temporary table to hold the
** intermediate results.
*/
unionTab = pParse->nTab++;
if( p->pOrderBy
&& matchOrderbyToColumn(pParse, p, p->pOrderBy, unionTab, 1) ){
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_OpenTemp, unionTab, 0);
if( p->op!=TK_ALL ){
rc = multiSelectOpenTempAddr(p, addr);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_KeyAsData, unionTab, 1);
}
assert( nAddr<sizeof(aAddr)/sizeof(aAddr[0]) );
aAddr[nAddr++] = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetNumColumns, unionTab, 0);
assert( p->pEList );
}
/* Code the SELECT statements to our left
*/
rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, priorOp, unionTab, 0, 0, 0, aff);
if( rc ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* Code the current SELECT statement
*/
switch( p->op ){
case TK_EXCEPT: op = SRT_Except; break;
case TK_UNION: op = SRT_Union; break;
case TK_ALL: op = SRT_Table; break;
}
p->pPrior = 0;
pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
p->pOrderBy = 0;
nLimit = p->nLimit;
p->nLimit = -1;
nOffset = p->nOffset;
p->nOffset = 0;
rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, op, unionTab, 0, 0, 0, aff);
p->pPrior = pPrior;
p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
p->nLimit = nLimit;
p->nOffset = nOffset;
p->iLimit = -1;
p->iOffset = -1;
if( rc ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* Convert the data in the temporary table into whatever form
** it is that we currently need.
*/
if( eDest!=priorOp || unionTab!=iParm ){
int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
assert( p->pEList );
if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, p->pEList);
}
iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak);
computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p);
iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
rc = selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, unionTab, p->pEList->nExpr,
p->pOrderBy, -1, eDest, iParm,
iCont, iBreak, 0);
if( rc ){
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Next, unionTab, iStart);
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, unionTab, 0);
}
break;
}
case TK_INTERSECT: {
int tab1, tab2;
int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
int nLimit, nOffset;
int addr;
/* INTERSECT is different from the others since it requires
** two temporary tables. Hence it has its own case. Begin
** by allocating the tables we will need.
*/
tab1 = pParse->nTab++;
tab2 = pParse->nTab++;
if( p->pOrderBy && matchOrderbyToColumn(pParse,p,p->pOrderBy,tab1,1) ){
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_OpenTemp, tab1, 0);
rc = multiSelectOpenTempAddr(p, addr);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_KeyAsData, tab1, 1);
assert( nAddr<sizeof(aAddr)/sizeof(aAddr[0]) );
aAddr[nAddr++] = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetNumColumns, tab1, 0);
assert( p->pEList );
/* Code the SELECTs to our left into temporary table "tab1".
*/
rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, SRT_Union, tab1, 0, 0, 0, aff);
if( rc ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* Code the current SELECT into temporary table "tab2"
*/
addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_OpenTemp, tab2, 0);
rc = multiSelectOpenTempAddr(p, addr);
if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_KeyAsData, tab2, 1);
assert( nAddr<sizeof(aAddr)/sizeof(aAddr[0]) );
aAddr[nAddr++] = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetNumColumns, tab2, 0);
p->pPrior = 0;
nLimit = p->nLimit;
p->nLimit = -1;
nOffset = p->nOffset;
p->nOffset = 0;
rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, SRT_Union, tab2, 0, 0, 0, aff);
p->pPrior = pPrior;
p->nLimit = nLimit;
p->nOffset = nOffset;
if( rc ){
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* Generate code to take the intersection of the two temporary
** tables.
*/
assert( p->pEList );
if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
generateColumnNames(pParse, 0, p->pEList);
}
iBreak = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
iCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Rewind, tab1, iBreak);
computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p);
iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_FullKey, tab1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont);
rc = selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1, p->pEList->nExpr,
p->pOrderBy, -1, eDest, iParm,
iCont, iBreak, 0);
if( rc ){
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Next, tab1, iStart);
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iBreak);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, tab2, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, tab1, 0);
break;
}
}
/* Make sure all SELECTs in the statement have the same number of elements
** in their result sets.
*/
assert( p->pEList && pPrior->pEList );
if( p->pEList->nExpr!=pPrior->pEList->nExpr ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "SELECTs to the left and right of %s"
" do not have the same number of result columns", selectOpName(p->op));
rc = 1;
goto multi_select_end;
}
/* Set the number of columns in temporary tables
*/
nCol = p->pEList->nExpr;
while( nAddr>0 ){
nAddr--;
sqlite3VdbeChangeP2(v, aAddr[nAddr], nCol);
}
/* Compute collating sequences used by either the ORDER BY clause or
** by any temporary tables needed to implement the compound select.
** Attach the KeyInfo structure to all temporary tables. Invoke the
** ORDER BY processing if there is an ORDER BY clause.
**
** This section is run by the right-most SELECT statement only.
** SELECT statements to the left always skip this part. The right-most
** SELECT might also skip this part if it has no ORDER BY clause and
** no temp tables are required.
*/
if( p->pOrderBy || (pOpenTemp && pOpenTemp->nId>0) ){
int i; /* Loop counter */
KeyInfo *pKeyInfo; /* Collating sequence for the result set */
assert( p->ppOpenTemp == &pOpenTemp );
pKeyInfo = sqliteMalloc(sizeof(*pKeyInfo)+nCol*sizeof(CollSeq*));
if( !pKeyInfo ){
rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
goto multi_select_end;
}
pKeyInfo->enc = pParse->db->enc;
pKeyInfo->nField = nCol;
for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, i);
if( !pKeyInfo->aColl[i] ){
pKeyInfo->aColl[i] = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
}
}
for(i=0; pOpenTemp && i<pOpenTemp->nId; i++){
int p3type = (i==0?P3_KEYINFO_HANDOFF:P3_KEYINFO);
int addr = pOpenTemp->a[i].idx;
sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, addr, (char *)pKeyInfo, p3type);
}
if( p->pOrderBy ){
struct ExprList_item *pOrderByTerm = p->pOrderBy->a;
for(i=0; i<p->pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pOrderByTerm++){
Expr *pExpr = pOrderByTerm->pExpr;
char *zName = pOrderByTerm->zName;
assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iColumn<nCol );
assert( !pExpr->pColl );
if( zName ){
pExpr->pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zName, -1);
}else{
pExpr->pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[pExpr->iColumn];
}
}
generateSortTail(pParse, p, v, p->pEList->nExpr, eDest, iParm);
}
if( !pOpenTemp ){
/* This happens for UNION ALL ... ORDER BY */
sqliteFree(pKeyInfo);
}
}
multi_select_end:
if( pOpenTemp ){
sqlite3IdListDelete(pOpenTemp);
}
p->ppOpenTemp = 0;
return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
/*
** Scan through the expression pExpr. Replace every reference to
** a column in table number iTable with a copy of the iColumn-th
** entry in pEList. (But leave references to the ROWID column
** unchanged.)
**
** This routine is part of the flattening procedure. A subquery
** whose result set is defined by pEList appears as entry in the
** FROM clause of a SELECT such that the VDBE cursor assigned to that
** FORM clause entry is iTable. This routine make the necessary
** changes to pExpr so that it refers directly to the source table
** of the subquery rather the result set of the subquery.
*/
static void substExprList(ExprList*,int,ExprList*); /* Forward Decl */
static void substExpr(Expr *pExpr, int iTable, ExprList *pEList){
if( pExpr==0 ) return;
if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==iTable ){
if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ){
pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
}else{
Expr *pNew;
assert( pEList!=0 && pExpr->iColumn<pEList->nExpr );
assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 && pExpr->pList==0 );
pNew = pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr;
assert( pNew!=0 );
pExpr->op = pNew->op;
assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 );
pExpr->pLeft = sqlite3ExprDup(pNew->pLeft);
assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
pExpr->pRight = sqlite3ExprDup(pNew->pRight);
assert( pExpr->pList==0 );
pExpr->pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(pNew->pList);
pExpr->iTable = pNew->iTable;
pExpr->iColumn = pNew->iColumn;
pExpr->iAgg = pNew->iAgg;
sqlite3TokenCopy(&pExpr->token, &pNew->token);
sqlite3TokenCopy(&pExpr->span, &pNew->span);
}
}else{
substExpr(pExpr->pLeft, iTable, pEList);
substExpr(pExpr->pRight, iTable, pEList);
substExprList(pExpr->pList, iTable, pEList);
}
}
static void
substExprList(ExprList *pList, int iTable, ExprList *pEList){
int i;
if( pList==0 ) return;
for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
substExpr(pList->a[i].pExpr, iTable, pEList);
}
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
/*
** This routine attempts to flatten subqueries in order to speed
** execution. It returns 1 if it makes changes and 0 if no flattening
** occurs.
**
** To understand the concept of flattening, consider the following
** query:
**
** SELECT a FROM (SELECT x+y AS a FROM t1 WHERE z<100) WHERE a>5
**
** The default way of implementing this query is to execute the
** subquery first and store the results in a temporary table, then
** run the outer query on that temporary table. This requires two
** passes over the data. Furthermore, because the temporary table
** has no indices, the WHERE clause on the outer query cannot be
** optimized.
**
** This routine attempts to rewrite queries such as the above into
** a single flat select, like this:
**
** SELECT x+y AS a FROM t1 WHERE z<100 AND a>5
**
** The code generated for this simpification gives the same result
** but only has to scan the data once. And because indices might
** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
** avoided.
**
** Flattening is only attempted if all of the following are true:
**
** (1) The subquery and the outer query do not both use aggregates.
**
** (2) The subquery is not an aggregate or the outer query is not a join.
**
** (3) The subquery is not the right operand of a left outer join, or
** the subquery is not itself a join. (Ticket #306)
**
** (4) The subquery is not DISTINCT or the outer query is not a join.
**
** (5) The subquery is not DISTINCT or the outer query does not use
** aggregates.
**
** (6) The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query is not
** DISTINCT.
**
** (7) The subquery has a FROM clause.
**
** (8) The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
**
** (9) The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
** aggregates.
**
** (10) The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query does not
** use LIMIT.
**
** (11) The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
**
** (12) The subquery is not the right term of a LEFT OUTER JOIN or the
** subquery has no WHERE clause. (added by ticket #350)
**
** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom]. isAgg is true if the outer query
** uses aggregates and subqueryIsAgg is true if the subquery uses aggregates.
**
** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.
** If flattening is attempted this routine returns 1.
**
** All of the expression analysis must occur on both the outer query and
** the subquery before this routine runs.
*/
static int flattenSubquery(
Parse *pParse, /* The parsing context */
Select *p, /* The parent or outer SELECT statement */
int iFrom, /* Index in p->pSrc->a[] of the inner subquery */
int isAgg, /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
int subqueryIsAgg /* True if the subquery uses aggregate functions */
){
Select *pSub; /* The inner query or "subquery" */
SrcList *pSrc; /* The FROM clause of the outer query */
SrcList *pSubSrc; /* The FROM clause of the subquery */
ExprList *pList; /* The result set of the outer query */
int iParent; /* VDBE cursor number of the pSub result set temp table */
int i; /* Loop counter */
Expr *pWhere; /* The WHERE clause */
struct SrcList_item *pSubitem; /* The subquery */
/* Check to see if flattening is permitted. Return 0 if not.
*/
if( p==0 ) return 0;
pSrc = p->pSrc;
assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
pSubitem = &pSrc->a[iFrom];
pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
assert( pSub!=0 );
if( isAgg && subqueryIsAgg ) return 0;
if( subqueryIsAgg && pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;
pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
assert( pSubSrc );
if( pSubSrc->nSrc==0 ) return 0;
if( (pSub->isDistinct || pSub->nLimit>=0) && (pSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg) ){
return 0;
}
if( (p->isDistinct || p->nLimit>=0) && subqueryIsAgg ) return 0;
if( p->pOrderBy && pSub->pOrderBy ) return 0;
/* Restriction 3: If the subquery is a join, make sure the subquery is
** not used as the right operand of an outer join. Examples of why this
** is not allowed:
**
** t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 JOIN t3)
**
** If we flatten the above, we would get
**
** (t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2) JOIN t3
**
** which is not at all the same thing.
*/
if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1 && iFrom>0 && (pSrc->a[iFrom-1].jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
return 0;
}
/* Restriction 12: If the subquery is the right operand of a left outer
** join, make sure the subquery has no WHERE clause.
** An examples of why this is not allowed:
**
** t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE t2.x>0)
**
** If we flatten the above, we would get
**
** (t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2) WHERE t2.x>0
**
** But the t2.x>0 test will always fail on a NULL row of t2, which
** effectively converts the OUTER JOIN into an INNER JOIN.
*/
if( iFrom>0 && (pSrc->a[iFrom-1].jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0
&& pSub->pWhere!=0 ){
return 0;
}
/* If we reach this point, it means flattening is permitted for the
** iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause in the outer query.
*/
/* Move all of the FROM elements of the subquery into the
** the FROM clause of the outer query. Before doing this, remember
** the cursor number for the original outer query FROM element in
** iParent. The iParent cursor will never be used. Subsequent code
** will scan expressions looking for iParent references and replace
** those references with expressions that resolve to the subquery FROM
** elements we are now copying in.
*/
iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
{
int nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;
int jointype = pSubitem->jointype;
Table *pTab = pSubitem->pTab;
if( pTab && pTab->isTransient ){
sqlite3DeleteTable(0, pSubitem->pTab);
}
sqliteFree(pSubitem->zDatabase);
sqliteFree(pSubitem->zName);
sqliteFree(pSubitem->zAlias);
if( nSubSrc>1 ){
int extra = nSubSrc - 1;
for(i=1; i<nSubSrc; i++){
pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pSrc, 0, 0);
}
p->pSrc = pSrc;
for(i=pSrc->nSrc-1; i-extra>=iFrom; i--){
pSrc->a[i] = pSrc->a[i-extra];
}
}
for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
pSrc->a[i+iFrom] = pSubSrc->a[i];
memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
}
pSrc->a[iFrom+nSubSrc-1].jointype = jointype;
}
/* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for
** references to the iParent in the outer query.
**
** Example:
**
** SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
** \ \_____________ subquery __________/ /
** \_____________________ outer query ______________________________/
**
** We look at every expression in the outer query and every place we see
** "a" we substitute "x*3" and every place we see "b" we substitute "y+10".
*/
substExprList(p->pEList, iParent, pSub->pEList);
pList = p->pEList;
for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
Expr *pExpr;
if( pList->a[i].zName==0 && (pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr)->span.z!=0 ){
pList->a[i].zName = sqliteStrNDup(pExpr->span.z, pExpr->span.n);
}
}
if( isAgg ){
substExprList(p->pGroupBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
substExpr(p->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
}
if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
assert( p->pOrderBy==0 );
p->pOrderBy = pSub->pOrderBy;
pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
}else if( p->pOrderBy ){
substExprList(p->pOrderBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
}
if( pSub->pWhere ){
pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(pSub->pWhere);
}else{
pWhere = 0;
}
if( subqueryIsAgg ){
assert( p->pHaving==0 );
p->pHaving = p->pWhere;
p->pWhere = pWhere;
substExpr(p->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
p->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(p->pHaving, sqlite3ExprDup(pSub->pHaving));
assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(pSub->pGroupBy);
}else{
substExpr(p->pWhere, iParent, pSub->pEList);
p->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(p->pWhere, pWhere);
}
/* The flattened query is distinct if either the inner or the
** outer query is distinct.
*/
p->isDistinct = p->isDistinct || pSub->isDistinct;
/* Transfer the limit expression from the subquery to the outer
** query.
*/
if( pSub->nLimit>=0 ){
if( p->nLimit<0 ){
p->nLimit = pSub->nLimit;
}else if( p->nLimit+p->nOffset > pSub->nLimit+pSub->nOffset ){
p->nLimit = pSub->nLimit + pSub->nOffset - p->nOffset;
}
}
p->nOffset += pSub->nOffset;
/* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return
** success.
*/
sqlite3SelectDelete(pSub);
return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
/*
** Analyze the SELECT statement passed in as an argument to see if it
** is a simple min() or max() query. If it is and this query can be
** satisfied using a single seek to the beginning or end of an index,
** then generate the code for this SELECT and return 1. If this is not a
** simple min() or max() query, then return 0;
**
** A simply min() or max() query looks like this:
**
** SELECT min(a) FROM table;
** SELECT max(a) FROM table;
**
** The query may have only a single table in its FROM argument. There
** can be no GROUP BY or HAVING or WHERE clauses. The result set must
** be the min() or max() of a single column of the table. The column
** in the min() or max() function must be indexed.
**
** The parameters to this routine are the same as for sqlite3Select().
** See the header comment on that routine for additional information.
*/
static int simpleMinMaxQuery(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int eDest, int iParm){
Expr *pExpr;
int iCol;
Table *pTab;
Index *pIdx;
int base;
Vdbe *v;
int seekOp;
int cont;
ExprList *pEList, *pList, eList;
struct ExprList_item eListItem;
SrcList *pSrc;
/* Check to see if this query is a simple min() or max() query. Return
** zero if it is not.
*/
if( p->pGroupBy || p->pHaving || p->pWhere ) return 0;
pSrc = p->pSrc;
if( pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;
pEList = p->pEList;
if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;
pExpr = pEList->a[0].pExpr;
if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;
pList = pExpr->pList;
if( pList==0 || pList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;
if( pExpr->token.n!=3 ) return 0;
if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pExpr->token.z,"min",3)==0 ){
seekOp = OP_Rewind;
}else if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pExpr->token.z,"max",3)==0 ){
seekOp = OP_Last;
}else{
return 0;
}
pExpr = pList->a[0].pExpr;
if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0;
iCol = pExpr->iColumn;
pTab = pSrc->a[0].pTab;
/* If we get to here, it means the query is of the correct form.
** Check to make sure we have an index and make pIdx point to the
** appropriate index. If the min() or max() is on an INTEGER PRIMARY
** key column, no index is necessary so set pIdx to NULL. If no
** usable index is found, return 0.
*/
if( iCol<0 ){
pIdx = 0;
}else{
CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
assert( pIdx->nColumn>=1 );
if( pIdx->aiColumn[0]==iCol && pIdx->keyInfo.aColl[0]==pColl ) break;
}
if( pIdx==0 ) return 0;
}
/* Identify column types if we will be using the callback. This
** step is skipped if the output is going to a table or a memory cell.
** The column names have already been generated in the calling function.
*/
v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
if( v==0 ) return 0;
/* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
*/
if( eDest==SRT_TempTable ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_OpenTemp, iParm, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetNumColumns, iParm, 1);
}
/* Generating code to find the min or the max. Basically all we have
** to do is find the first or the last entry in the chosen index. If
** the min() or max() is on the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, then find the first
** or last entry in the main table.
*/
sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, pTab->iDb);
base = pSrc->a[0].iCursor;
computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p);
if( pSrc->a[0].pSelect==0 ){
sqlite3OpenTableForReading(v, base, pTab);
}
cont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
if( pIdx==0 ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, seekOp, base, 0);
}else{
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, pIdx->iDb, 0);
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_OpenRead, base+1, pIdx->tnum,
(char*)&pIdx->keyInfo, P3_KEYINFO);
if( seekOp==OP_Rewind ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_String, 0, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, 1, 0);
seekOp = OP_MoveGt;
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, seekOp, base+1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_IdxRecno, base+1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, base+1, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MoveGe, base, 0);
}
eList.nExpr = 1;
memset(&eListItem, 0, sizeof(eListItem));
eList.a = &eListItem;
eList.a[0].pExpr = pExpr;
selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, &eList, 0, 0, 0, -1, eDest, iParm, cont, cont, 0);
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, cont);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Close, base, 0);
return 1;
}
/*
** Analyze and ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause in a SELECT statement. Return
** the number of errors seen.
**
** An ORDER BY or GROUP BY is a list of expressions. If any expression
** is an integer constant, then that expression is replaced by the
** corresponding entry in the result set.
*/
static int processOrderGroupBy(
Parse *pParse, /* Parsing context */
ExprList *pOrderBy, /* The ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause to be processed */
SrcList *pTabList, /* The FROM clause */
ExprList *pEList, /* The result set */
int isAgg, /* True if aggregate functions are involved */
const char *zType /* Either "ORDER" or "GROUP", as appropriate */
){
int i;
if( pOrderBy==0 ) return 0;
for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
int iCol;
Expr *pE = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) && iCol>0 && iCol<=pEList->nExpr ){
sqlite3ExprDelete(pE);
pE = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(pEList->a[iCol-1].pExpr);
}
if( sqlite3ExprResolveAndCheck(pParse, pTabList, pEList, pE, isAgg, 0) ){
return 1;
}
if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pE) ){
if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol)==0 ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
"%s BY terms must not be non-integer constants", zType);
return 1;
}else if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
"%s BY column number %d out of range - should be "
"between 1 and %d", zType, iCol, pEList->nExpr);
return 1;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
** Generate code for the given SELECT statement.
**
** The results are distributed in various ways depending on the
** value of eDest and iParm.
**
** eDest Value Result
** ------------ -------------------------------------------
** SRT_Callback Invoke the callback for each row of the result.
**
** SRT_Mem Store first result in memory cell iParm
**
** SRT_Set Store results as keys of table iParm.
**
** SRT_Union Store results as a key in a temporary table iParm
**
** SRT_Except Remove results from the temporary table iParm.
**
** SRT_Table Store results in temporary table iParm
**
** The table above is incomplete. Additional eDist value have be added
** since this comment was written. See the selectInnerLoop() function for
** a complete listing of the allowed values of eDest and their meanings.
**
** This routine returns the number of errors. If any errors are
** encountered, then an appropriate error message is left in
** pParse->zErrMsg.
**
** This routine does NOT free the Select structure passed in. The
** calling function needs to do that.
**
** The pParent, parentTab, and *pParentAgg fields are filled in if this
** SELECT is a subquery. This routine may try to combine this SELECT
** with its parent to form a single flat query. In so doing, it might
** change the parent query from a non-aggregate to an aggregate query.
** For that reason, the pParentAgg flag is passed as a pointer, so it
** can be changed.
**
** Example 1: The meaning of the pParent parameter.
**
** SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN (SELECT x, count(*) FROM t2) JOIN t3;
** \ \_______ subquery _______/ /
** \ /
** \____________________ outer query ___________________/
**
** This routine is called for the outer query first. For that call,
** pParent will be NULL. During the processing of the outer query, this
** routine is called recursively to handle the subquery. For the recursive
** call, pParent will point to the outer query. Because the subquery is
** the second element in a three-way join, the parentTab parameter will
** be 1 (the 2nd value of a 0-indexed array.)
*/
int sqlite3Select(
Parse *pParse, /* The parser context */
Select *p, /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
int eDest, /* How to dispose of the results */
int iParm, /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
Select *pParent, /* Another SELECT for which this is a sub-query */
int parentTab, /* Index in pParent->pSrc of this query */
int *pParentAgg, /* True if pParent uses aggregate functions */
char *aff /* If eDest is SRT_Union, the affinity string */
){
int i;
WhereInfo *pWInfo;
Vdbe *v;
int isAgg = 0; /* True for select lists like "count(*)" */
ExprList *pEList; /* List of columns to extract. */
SrcList *pTabList; /* List of tables to select from */
Expr *pWhere; /* The WHERE clause. May be NULL */
ExprList *pOrderBy; /* The ORDER BY clause. May be NULL */
ExprList *pGroupBy; /* The GROUP BY clause. May be NULL */
Expr *pHaving; /* The HAVING clause. May be NULL */
int isDistinct; /* True if the DISTINCT keyword is present */
int distinct; /* Table to use for the distinct set */
int rc = 1; /* Value to return from this function */
if( sqlite3_malloc_failed || pParse->nErr || p==0 ) return 1;
if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
/* If there is are a sequence of queries, do the earlier ones first.
*/
if( p->pPrior ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CURSOR
if( p->pFetch ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cursors cannot be used on compound queries");
goto select_end;
}
#endif
return multiSelect(pParse, p, eDest, iParm, aff);
}
#endif
/* Make local copies of the parameters for this query.
*/
pTabList = p->pSrc;
pWhere = p->pWhere;
pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
pHaving = p->pHaving;
isDistinct = p->isDistinct;
/* Allocate VDBE cursors for each table in the FROM clause
*/
sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pTabList);
/*
** Do not even attempt to generate any code if we have already seen
** errors before this routine starts.
*/
if( pParse->nErr>0 ) goto select_end;
/* Expand any "*" terms in the result set. (For example the "*" in
** "SELECT * FROM t1") The fillInColumnlist() routine also does some
** other housekeeping - see the header comment for details.
*/
if( fillInColumnList(pParse, p) ){
goto select_end;
}
pWhere = p->pWhere;
pEList = p->pEList;
if( pEList==0 ) goto select_end;
/* If writing to memory or generating a set
** only a single column may be output.
*/
if( (eDest==SRT_Mem || eDest==SRT_Set) && pEList->nExpr>1 ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "only a single result allowed for "
"a SELECT that is part of an expression");
goto select_end;
}
/* ORDER BY is ignored for some destinations.
*/
switch( eDest ){
case SRT_Union:
case SRT_Except:
case SRT_Discard:
pOrderBy = 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* At this point, we should have allocated all the cursors that we
** need to handle subquerys and temporary tables.
**
** Resolve the column names and do a semantics check on all the expressions.
*/
for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
if( sqlite3ExprResolveAndCheck(pParse, pTabList, 0, pEList->a[i].pExpr,
1, &isAgg) ){
goto select_end;
}
}
if( sqlite3ExprResolveAndCheck(pParse, pTabList, pEList, pWhere, 0, 0) ){
goto select_end;
}
if( pHaving ){
if( pGroupBy==0 ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a GROUP BY clause is required before HAVING");
goto select_end;
}
if( sqlite3ExprResolveAndCheck(pParse, pTabList, pEList,pHaving,1,&isAgg) ){
goto select_end;
}
}
if( pGroupBy && !isAgg ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "GROUP BY may only be used on aggregate queries");
goto select_end;
}
if( processOrderGroupBy(pParse, pOrderBy, pTabList, pEList, isAgg, "ORDER")
|| processOrderGroupBy(pParse, pGroupBy, pTabList, pEList, isAgg, "GROUP")
){
goto select_end;
}
/* We cannot use a SQL cursor on a join or on a DISTINCT query
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CURSOR
if( p->pFetch ){
if( p->isDistinct ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cursors cannot be used on DISTINCT queries");
goto select_end;
}
if( pTabList->nSrc>0 ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cursors cannot be used on joins");
goto select_end;
}
if( pTabList->a[0].pSelect ){
sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cursor cannot be used with nested queries "
"or views");
goto select_end;
}
}
#endif
/* Begin generating code.
*/
v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
if( v==0 ) goto select_end;
/* Identify column names if we will be using them in a callback. This
** step is skipped if the output is going to some other destination.
*/
if( eDest==SRT_Callback ){
generateColumnNames(pParse, pTabList, pEList);
}
/* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
*/
for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
const char *zSavedAuthContext = 0;
int needRestoreContext;
if( pTabList->a[i].pSelect==0 ) continue;
if( pTabList->a[i].zName!=0 ){
zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
pParse->zAuthContext = pTabList->a[i].zName;
needRestoreContext = 1;
}else{
needRestoreContext = 0;
}
sqlite3Select(pParse, pTabList->a[i].pSelect, SRT_TempTable,
pTabList->a[i].iCursor, p, i, &isAgg, 0);
if( needRestoreContext ){
pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
}
pTabList = p->pSrc;
pWhere = p->pWhere;
if( eDest!=SRT_Union && eDest!=SRT_Except && eDest!=SRT_Discard ){
pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
}
pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
pHaving = p->pHaving;
isDistinct = p->isDistinct;
}
/* Check for the special case of a min() or max() function by itself
** in the result set.
*/
if( simpleMinMaxQuery(pParse, p, eDest, iParm) ){
rc = 0;
goto select_end;
}
/* Check to see if this is a subquery that can be "flattened" into its parent.
** If flattening is a possiblity, do so and return immediately.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
if( pParent && pParentAgg &&
flattenSubquery(pParse, pParent, parentTab, *pParentAgg, isAgg) ){
if( isAgg ) *pParentAgg = 1;
return rc;
}
#endif
/* If there is an ORDER BY clause, resolve any collation sequences
** names that have been explicitly specified.
*/
if( pOrderBy ){
for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
if( pOrderBy->a[i].zName ){
pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr->pColl =
sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].zName, -1);
}
}
if( pParse->nErr ){
goto select_end;
}
}
/* Set the limiter.
*/
computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p);
/* If the output is destined for a temporary table, open that table.
*/
if( eDest==SRT_TempTable ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_OpenTemp, iParm, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_SetNumColumns, iParm, pEList->nExpr);
}
/* Do an analysis of aggregate expressions.
*/
sqliteAggregateInfoReset(pParse);
if( isAgg || pGroupBy ){
assert( pParse->nAgg==0 );
isAgg = 1;
for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
if( sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(pParse, pEList->a[i].pExpr) ){
goto select_end;
}
}
if( pGroupBy ){
for(i=0; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++){
if( sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(pParse, pGroupBy->a[i].pExpr) ){
goto select_end;
}
}
}
if( pHaving && sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(pParse, pHaving) ){
goto select_end;
}
if( pOrderBy ){
for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
if( sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr) ){
goto select_end;
}
}
}
}
/* Reset the aggregator
*/
if( isAgg ){
int addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_AggReset, (pGroupBy?0:1), pParse->nAgg);
for(i=0; i<pParse->nAgg; i++){
FuncDef *pFunc;
if( (pFunc = pParse->aAgg[i].pFunc)!=0 && pFunc->xFinalize!=0 ){
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_AggInit, 0, i, (char*)pFunc, P3_FUNCDEF);
}
}
if( pGroupBy ){
int sz = sizeof(KeyInfo) + pGroupBy->nExpr*sizeof(CollSeq*);
KeyInfo *pKey = (KeyInfo *)sqliteMalloc(sz);
if( 0==pKey ){
goto select_end;
}
pKey->enc = pParse->db->enc;
pKey->nField = pGroupBy->nExpr;
for(i=0; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++){
pKey->aColl[i] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pGroupBy->a[i].pExpr);
if( !pKey->aColl[i] ){
pKey->aColl[i] = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
}
}
sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, addr, (char *)pKey, P3_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
}
}
/* Initialize the memory cell to NULL
*/
if( eDest==SRT_Mem ){
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_String8, 0, 0);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MemStore, iParm, 1);
}
/* Open a temporary table to use for the distinct set.
*/
if( isDistinct ){
distinct = pParse->nTab++;
openTempIndex(pParse, p, distinct, 0);
}else{
distinct = -1;
}
/* Begin the database scan
*/
pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere,
pGroupBy ? 0 : &pOrderBy, p->pFetch);
if( pWInfo==0 ) goto select_end;
/* Use the standard inner loop if we are not dealing with
** aggregates
*/
if( !isAgg ){
if( selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, 0, 0, pOrderBy, distinct, eDest,
iParm, pWInfo->iContinue, pWInfo->iBreak, aff) ){
goto select_end;
}
}
/* If we are dealing with aggregates, then do the special aggregate
** processing.
*/
else{
AggExpr *pAgg;
if( pGroupBy ){
int lbl1;
for(i=0; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++){
sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pGroupBy->a[i].pExpr);
}
/* No affinity string is attached to the following OP_MakeRecord
** because we do not need to do any coercion of datatypes. */
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_MakeRecord, pGroupBy->nExpr, 0);
lbl1 = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_AggFocus, 0, lbl1);
for(i=0, pAgg=pParse->aAgg; i<pParse->nAgg; i++, pAgg++){
if( pAgg->isAgg ) continue;
sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pAgg->pExpr);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_AggSet, 0, i);
}
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, lbl1);
}
for(i=0, pAgg=pParse->aAgg; i<pParse->nAgg; i++, pAgg++){
Expr *pE;
int nExpr;
FuncDef *pDef;
if( !pAgg->isAgg ) continue;
assert( pAgg->pFunc!=0 );
assert( pAgg->pFunc->xStep!=0 );
pDef = pAgg->pFunc;
pE = pAgg->pExpr;
assert( pE!=0 );
assert( pE->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
nExpr = sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pE->pList);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Integer, i, 0);
if( pDef->needCollSeq ){
CollSeq *pColl = 0;
int j;
for(j=0; !pColl && j<nExpr; j++){
pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pE->pList->a[j].pExpr);
}
if( !pColl ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P3_COLLSEQ);
}
sqlite3VdbeOp3(v, OP_AggFunc, 0, nExpr, (char*)pDef, P3_POINTER);
}
}
/* End the database scan loop.
*/
sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
/* If we are processing aggregates, we need to set up a second loop
** over all of the aggregate values and process them.
*/
if( isAgg ){
int endagg = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
int startagg;
startagg = sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_AggNext, 0, endagg);
pParse->useAgg = 1;
if( pHaving ){
sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, startagg, 1);
}
if( selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, 0, 0, pOrderBy, distinct, eDest,
iParm, startagg, endagg, aff) ){
goto select_end;
}
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Goto, 0, startagg);
sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, endagg);
sqlite3VdbeAddOp(v, OP_Noop, 0, 0);
pParse->useAgg = 0;
}
/* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then we need to sort the results
** and send them to the callback one by one.
*/
if( pOrderBy ){
generateSortTail(pParse, p, v, pEList->nExpr, eDest, iParm);
}
/* If this was a subquery, we have now converted the subquery into a
** temporary table. So delete the subquery structure from the parent
** to prevent this subquery from being evaluated again and to force the
** the use of the temporary table.
*/
if( pParent ){
assert( pParent->pSrc->nSrc>parentTab );
assert( pParent->pSrc->a[parentTab].pSelect==p );
sqlite3SelectDelete(p);
pParent->pSrc->a[parentTab].pSelect = 0;
}
/* The SELECT was successfully coded. Set the return code to 0
** to indicate no errors.
*/
rc = 0;
/* Control jumps to here if an error is encountered above, or upon
** successful coding of the SELECT.
*/
select_end:
sqliteAggregateInfoReset(pParse);
return rc;
}