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This is equivalent to a diff from 27b8057665 to 59e5f9e3da

2018-06-09
22:13
Fix typos in the compile.html page. (check-in: 10c05df9fb user: drh tags: branch-3.24)
2018-06-08
13:21
Use https for all internal hyperlinks. (Leaf check-in: 59e5f9e3da user: drh tags: branch-3.24-https)
2018-06-05
23:20
Clarification that the overwrite optimization does not affect the behavior of triggers. (check-in: 27b8057665 user: drh tags: branch-3.24)
2018-06-04
19:41
Add the upsert-clause.gif image. (check-in: 7d927bcea1 user: drh tags: trunk)

Changes to pages/about.in.

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even if interrupted by system crashes or power failures.  
All of this is verified by
the automated tests using special test harnesses which simulate 
system failures.
Of course, even with all this testing, there are still bugs.
But unlike some similar projects (especially commercial competitors)
SQLite is open and honest about all bugs and provides
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/rptview?rn=1">bugs lists</a> and
minute-by-minute <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">
chronologies</a> of code changes.</p>

<p>The SQLite code base is supported by an
<a href="crew.html">international team</a> of developers who work on
SQLite full-time.
The developers continue to expand the capabilities of SQLite
and enhance its reliability and performance while maintaining







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even if interrupted by system crashes or power failures.  
All of this is verified by
the automated tests using special test harnesses which simulate 
system failures.
Of course, even with all this testing, there are still bugs.
But unlike some similar projects (especially commercial competitors)
SQLite is open and honest about all bugs and provides
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/rptview?rn=1">bugs lists</a> and
minute-by-minute <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">
chronologies</a> of code changes.</p>

<p>The SQLite code base is supported by an
<a href="crew.html">international team</a> of developers who work on
SQLite full-time.
The developers continue to expand the capabilities of SQLite
and enhance its reliability and performance while maintaining

Changes to pages/affcase1.in.

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Surprisingly, using SQLite in place of ZIP makes the presentation
file smaller.  Really.  One would think that a relational database file
would be larger than a ZIP archive, but at least in the case of NeoOffice
that is not so.  The following is an actual screen-scrape showing
the sizes of the same NeoOffice presentation, both in its original 
ZIP archive format as generated by NeoOffice (self2014.odp), and 
as repacked as an SQLite database using the 
[http://www.sqlite.org/sqlar/doc/trunk/README.md|SQLAR] utility:

<blockquote><pre>
-rw-r--r--  1 drh  staff  10514994 Jun  8 14:32 self2014.odp
-rw-r--r--  1 drh  staff  10464256 Jun  8 14:37 self2014.sqlar
-rw-r--r--  1 drh  staff  10416644 Jun  8 14:40 zip.odp
</pre></blockquote>








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Surprisingly, using SQLite in place of ZIP makes the presentation
file smaller.  Really.  One would think that a relational database file
would be larger than a ZIP archive, but at least in the case of NeoOffice
that is not so.  The following is an actual screen-scrape showing
the sizes of the same NeoOffice presentation, both in its original 
ZIP archive format as generated by NeoOffice (self2014.odp), and 
as repacked as an SQLite database using the 
[https://www.sqlite.org/sqlar/doc/trunk/README.md|SQLAR] utility:

<blockquote><pre>
-rw-r--r--  1 drh  staff  10514994 Jun  8 14:32 self2014.odp
-rw-r--r--  1 drh  staff  10464256 Jun  8 14:37 self2014.sqlar
-rw-r--r--  1 drh  staff  10416644 Jun  8 14:40 zip.odp
</pre></blockquote>

Changes to pages/amalgamation.in.

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<p>In both cases, the split amalgamation can be obtained by
substituting "sqlite3-all.c" for "sqlite3.c" as the make target.

<h2>Dependencies</h2>

<p>The build process makes extensive use of the 
[http://www.tcl-lang.org/|Tcl] scripting language.  You will need to have a
copy of TCL installed in order for the make targets above to work.
Easy-to-use installers can be obtained from [http://www.tcl-lang.org/].
Many unix workstations have Tcl installed by default.

<h2>See Also</h2>

<p>Additional notes on compiling SQLite can be found on the
[How To Compile SQLite] page.







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<p>In both cases, the split amalgamation can be obtained by
substituting "sqlite3-all.c" for "sqlite3.c" as the make target.

<h2>Dependencies</h2>

<p>The build process makes extensive use of the 
[http://www.tcl.tk/|Tcl] scripting language.  You will need to have a
copy of TCL installed in order for the make targets above to work.
Easy-to-use installers can be obtained from [http://www.tcl.tk/].
Many unix workstations have Tcl installed by default.

<h2>See Also</h2>

<p>Additional notes on compiling SQLite can be found on the
[How To Compile SQLite] page.

Changes to pages/appfileformat.in.

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<p>SQLite is transactional, meaning that multiple changes can be grouped
together such that either all or none of them occur, and so that the
changes can be rolled back if a problem is found prior to commit.
This allows an application to make a change incrementally, then run
various sanity and consistency checks on the resulting data prior to
committing the changes to disk.  The
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] DVCS 
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/fossil/doc/tip/www/selfcheck.wiki|uses this technique]
to verify that no repository history has been lost prior to each change.

<li><p><b>Incremental And Continuous Updates.</b>
When writing to an SQLite database file, only those parts of the file that
actually change are written out to disk.  This makes the writing happen faster
and saves wear on SSDs.  This is an enormous advantage over custom
and wrapped pile-of-files formats, both of which usually require a







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<p>SQLite is transactional, meaning that multiple changes can be grouped
together such that either all or none of them occur, and so that the
changes can be rolled back if a problem is found prior to commit.
This allows an application to make a change incrementally, then run
various sanity and consistency checks on the resulting data prior to
committing the changes to disk.  The
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] DVCS 
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/fossil/doc/tip/www/selfcheck.wiki|uses this technique]
to verify that no repository history has been lost prior to each change.

<li><p><b>Incremental And Continuous Updates.</b>
When writing to an SQLite database file, only those parts of the file that
actually change are written out to disk.  This makes the writing happen faster
and saves wear on SSDs.  This is an enormous advantage over custom
and wrapped pile-of-files formats, both of which usually require a

Changes to pages/asyncvfs.in.

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<h2>2.0 COMPILATION AND USAGE</h2>

<p>
The asynchronous IO extension consists of a single file of C code
(sqlite3async.c), and a header file (sqlite3async.h), located in the
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/dir?name=ext/async">
<tt>ext/async/</tt> subfolder</a> of the SQLite source tree, that defines the 
C API used by applications to activate and control the modules 
functionality.

<p>
To use the asynchronous IO extension, compile sqlite3async.c as
part of the application that uses SQLite. Then use the APIs defined







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<h2>2.0 COMPILATION AND USAGE</h2>

<p>
The asynchronous IO extension consists of a single file of C code
(sqlite3async.c), and a header file (sqlite3async.h), located in the
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/dir?name=ext/async">
<tt>ext/async/</tt> subfolder</a> of the SQLite source tree, that defines the 
C API used by applications to activate and control the modules 
functionality.

<p>
To use the asynchronous IO extension, compile sqlite3async.c as
part of the application that uses SQLite. Then use the APIs defined
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       sqlite3async_run().

<li><p>Use the normal SQLite API to read and write to databases via 
       the asynchronous IO VFS.
</ol>

<p>Refer to comments in the
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/async/sqlite3async.h">
sqlite3async.h header file</a> for details.


<h2>3.0 PORTING</h2>

<p>Currently the asynchronous IO extension is compatible with win32 systems
and systems that support the pthreads interface, including Mac OS X, Linux, 







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       sqlite3async_run().

<li><p>Use the normal SQLite API to read and write to databases via 
       the asynchronous IO VFS.
</ol>

<p>Refer to comments in the
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/async/sqlite3async.h">
sqlite3async.h header file</a> for details.


<h2>3.0 PORTING</h2>

<p>Currently the asynchronous IO extension is compatible with win32 systems
and systems that support the pthreads interface, including Mac OS X, Linux, 

Changes to pages/books.in.

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<p>SQLite is a small, zero-configuration, custom-tailored, embeddable, 
thread-safe, easily maintainable, transaction-oriented, SQL-based,
relational database management system. There is no separate install or 
setup procedure to initialize SQLite before using it. 
There is no configuration file. 
SQLite is open source, and is available in the public domain 
(for more information on open source, visit http://opensource.org). 
You can download SQLite source code from its homepage http://www.sqlite.org, 
compile it using your favorite C compiler, and start using the compiled
library. SQLite runs on Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and a few other operating systems. It has been widely used in low-to-medium tier database applications. 
This Short Cut discusses design principles, engineering trade-offs, 
implementation issues, and operations of SQLite. It presents a 
comprehensive description of all important components of the SQLite engine.</p>
</table>








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<p>SQLite is a small, zero-configuration, custom-tailored, embeddable, 
thread-safe, easily maintainable, transaction-oriented, SQL-based,
relational database management system. There is no separate install or 
setup procedure to initialize SQLite before using it. 
There is no configuration file. 
SQLite is open source, and is available in the public domain 
(for more information on open source, visit http://opensource.org). 
You can download SQLite source code from its homepage https://www.sqlite.org, 
compile it using your favorite C compiler, and start using the compiled
library. SQLite runs on Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and a few other operating systems. It has been widely used in low-to-medium tier database applications. 
This Short Cut discusses design principles, engineering trade-offs, 
implementation issues, and operations of SQLite. It presents a 
comprehensive description of all important components of the SQLite engine.</p>
</table>

Changes to pages/changes.in.

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<title>Release History Of SQLite</title>
<tcl>hd_keywords {release history} {complete list of SQLite releases}</tcl>
<h1 align=center>Release History</h1>

<p>
This page provides a high-level summary of changes to SQLite.
For more detail, see the Fossil checkin logs at
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">
http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline</a> and
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?t=release">
http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?t=release</a>.
See the [chronology] a succinct listing of releases.
</p>

<tcl>
set nChng 0
proc chng {date desc {options {}}} {
  global nChng aChng xrefChng







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<title>Release History Of SQLite</title>
<tcl>hd_keywords {release history} {complete list of SQLite releases}</tcl>
<h1 align=center>Release History</h1>

<p>
This page provides a high-level summary of changes to SQLite.
For more detail, see the Fossil checkin logs at
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">
https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline</a> and
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?t=release">
https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?t=release</a>.
See the [chronology] a succinct listing of releases.
</p>

<tcl>
set nChng 0
proc chng {date desc {options {}}} {
  global nChng aChng xrefChng
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    to 100 pages.  Yields about a 5% performance increase on common workloads.
<li>Miscellaneous micro-optimizations result in 22.3% more work for the same
    number of CPU cycles relative to the previous release. 
    SQLite now runs twice as fast as [version 3.8.0] and three times as
    fast as [version 3.3.9].
    (Measured using 
    [http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cg-manual.html|cachegrind] on the
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/83f6b3318f7ee|speedtest1.c] workload on
    Ubuntu 14.04 x64 with gcc 4.8.2 and -Os. Your performance may vary.)
<li>Added the [sqlite3_result_zeroblob64()] and [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64()]
    interfaces.
<p><b>Important bug fixes:</b>
<li>Fix [CREATE TABLE AS] so that columns of type TEXT never end up
    holding an INT value.  Ticket
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f2ad7de056ab1dc9200|f2ad7de056ab1dc9200]







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    to 100 pages.  Yields about a 5% performance increase on common workloads.
<li>Miscellaneous micro-optimizations result in 22.3% more work for the same
    number of CPU cycles relative to the previous release. 
    SQLite now runs twice as fast as [version 3.8.0] and three times as
    fast as [version 3.3.9].
    (Measured using 
    [http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cg-manual.html|cachegrind] on the
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/83f6b3318f7ee|speedtest1.c] workload on
    Ubuntu 14.04 x64 with gcc 4.8.2 and -Os. Your performance may vary.)
<li>Added the [sqlite3_result_zeroblob64()] and [sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64()]
    interfaces.
<p><b>Important bug fixes:</b>
<li>Fix [CREATE TABLE AS] so that columns of type TEXT never end up
    holding an INT value.  Ticket
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f2ad7de056ab1dc9200|f2ad7de056ab1dc9200]
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chng {2014-11-18 (3.8.7.2)} {
<li>Enhance the [ROLLBACK] command so that pending queries are allowed to continue as long
    as the schema is unchanged.  Formerly, a ROLLBACK would cause all pending queries to
    fail with an [SQLITE_ABORT] or [SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK] error.  That error is still returned
    if the ROLLBACK modifies the schema.
<li>Bug fix: Make sure that NULL results from OP_Column are fully and completely NULL and
    do not have the MEM_Ephem bit set.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/094d39a4c95ee4|094d39a4c95ee4].
<li>Bug fix:  The %c format in sqlite3_mprintf() is able to handle precisions greater than 70.
<li>Bug fix:  Do not automatically remove the DISTINCT keyword from a SELECT that forms
    the right-hand side of an IN operator since it is necessary if the SELECT also 
    contains a LIMIT.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/db87229497|db87229497].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-11-18 20:57:56 2ab564bf9655b7c7b97ab85cafc8a48329b27f93"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: b2a68d5783f48dba6a8cb50d8bf69b238c5ec53a
}

chng {2014-10-29 (3.8.7.1)} {
<li>In [PRAGMA journal_mode=TRUNCATE] mode, call fsync() immediately after truncating







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chng {2014-11-18 (3.8.7.2)} {
<li>Enhance the [ROLLBACK] command so that pending queries are allowed to continue as long
    as the schema is unchanged.  Formerly, a ROLLBACK would cause all pending queries to
    fail with an [SQLITE_ABORT] or [SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK] error.  That error is still returned
    if the ROLLBACK modifies the schema.
<li>Bug fix: Make sure that NULL results from OP_Column are fully and completely NULL and
    do not have the MEM_Ephem bit set.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/094d39a4c95ee4|094d39a4c95ee4].
<li>Bug fix:  The %c format in sqlite3_mprintf() is able to handle precisions greater than 70.
<li>Bug fix:  Do not automatically remove the DISTINCT keyword from a SELECT that forms
    the right-hand side of an IN operator since it is necessary if the SELECT also 
    contains a LIMIT.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/db87229497|db87229497].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-11-18 20:57:56 2ab564bf9655b7c7b97ab85cafc8a48329b27f93"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: b2a68d5783f48dba6a8cb50d8bf69b238c5ec53a
}

chng {2014-10-29 (3.8.7.1)} {
<li>In [PRAGMA journal_mode=TRUNCATE] mode, call fsync() immediately after truncating
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chng {2014-10-17 (3.8.7)} {
<p><b>Performance Enhancements:</b>
<li>Many micro-optimizations result in 20.3% more work for the same number
    of CPU cycles relative to the previous release. 
    The cumulative performance increase since [version 3.8.0] is 61%.
    (Measured using 
    [http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cg-manual.html|cachegrind] on the
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/83f6b3318f7ee|speedtest1.c] workload on
    Ubuntu 13.10 x64 with gcc 4.8.1 and -Os. Your performance may vary.)
<li>The sorter can use auxiliary helper threads to increase real-time response.
    This feature is off by default and may be
    enabled using the [PRAGMA threads] command or the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS]
    compile-time option.
<li>Enhance the [skip-scan] optimization so that it is able to skip index terms that
    occur in the middle of the index, not just as the left-hand side of the index.







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chng {2014-10-17 (3.8.7)} {
<p><b>Performance Enhancements:</b>
<li>Many micro-optimizations result in 20.3% more work for the same number
    of CPU cycles relative to the previous release. 
    The cumulative performance increase since [version 3.8.0] is 61%.
    (Measured using 
    [http://valgrind.org/docs/manual/cg-manual.html|cachegrind] on the
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/83f6b3318f7ee|speedtest1.c] workload on
    Ubuntu 13.10 x64 with gcc 4.8.1 and -Os. Your performance may vary.)
<li>The sorter can use auxiliary helper threads to increase real-time response.
    This feature is off by default and may be
    enabled using the [PRAGMA threads] command or the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS]
    compile-time option.
<li>Enhance the [skip-scan] optimization so that it is able to skip index terms that
    occur in the middle of the index, not just as the left-hand side of the index.
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    [sqlite3_result_text64()].
<li>Added the new interface [sqlite3_msize()] that returns the size of a memory allocation
    obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and its variants.
<li>Added the [SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS] option to [sqlite3_limit()] and
    [PRAGMA threads] command for configuring the number of available worker threads.
<li>The [spellfix1] extension allows the application to optionally specify the rowid for
    each INSERT.
<li>Added the [http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/ext/userauth/user-auth.txt|User Authentication]
    extension.
<p><b>Bug Fixes:</b>
<li>Fix a bug in the [partial index] implementation that might result in an incorrect
    answer if a partial index is used in a subquery or in a [view].
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/98d973b8f5|98d973b8f5].
<li>Fix a query planner bug that might cause a table to be scanned in the wrong direction
    (thus reversing the order of output) when a DESC index is used to implement the ORDER BY
    clause on a query that has an identical GROUP BY clause.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ba7cbfaedc7e6|ba7cbfaedc7e6].
<li>Fix a bug in [sqlite3_trace()] that was causing it to sometimes fail to print
    an SQL statement if that statement needed to be re-prepared.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/11d5aa455e0d98f3c1e6a08|11d5aa455e0d98f3c1e6a08]
<li>Fix a faulty assert() statement.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/369d57fb8e5ccdff06f1|369d57fb8e5ccdff06f1]
<p><b>Test, Debug, and Analysis Changes:</b>
<li>Show ASCII-art abstract syntax tree diagrams using the ".selecttrace"
    and ".wheretrace" commands in the 
    [command-line shell] when compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG], SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE,
    and SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE.  Also provide the sqlite3TreeViewExpr() and
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect() entry points that can be invoked from with the
    debugger to show the parse tree when stopped at a breakpoint.







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    [sqlite3_result_text64()].
<li>Added the new interface [sqlite3_msize()] that returns the size of a memory allocation
    obtained from [sqlite3_malloc64()] and its variants.
<li>Added the [SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS] option to [sqlite3_limit()] and
    [PRAGMA threads] command for configuring the number of available worker threads.
<li>The [spellfix1] extension allows the application to optionally specify the rowid for
    each INSERT.
<li>Added the [https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/ext/userauth/user-auth.txt|User Authentication]
    extension.
<p><b>Bug Fixes:</b>
<li>Fix a bug in the [partial index] implementation that might result in an incorrect
    answer if a partial index is used in a subquery or in a [view].
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/98d973b8f5|98d973b8f5].
<li>Fix a query planner bug that might cause a table to be scanned in the wrong direction
    (thus reversing the order of output) when a DESC index is used to implement the ORDER BY
    clause on a query that has an identical GROUP BY clause.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ba7cbfaedc7e6|ba7cbfaedc7e6].
<li>Fix a bug in [sqlite3_trace()] that was causing it to sometimes fail to print
    an SQL statement if that statement needed to be re-prepared.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/11d5aa455e0d98f3c1e6a08|11d5aa455e0d98f3c1e6a08]
<li>Fix a faulty assert() statement.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/369d57fb8e5ccdff06f1|369d57fb8e5ccdff06f1]
<p><b>Test, Debug, and Analysis Changes:</b>
<li>Show ASCII-art abstract syntax tree diagrams using the ".selecttrace"
    and ".wheretrace" commands in the 
    [command-line shell] when compiled with [SQLITE_DEBUG], SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE,
    and SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE.  Also provide the sqlite3TreeViewExpr() and
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect() entry points that can be invoked from with the
    debugger to show the parse tree when stopped at a breakpoint.
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
    error from 1 second to 10 seconds.
<li>Added the [likely(X)] SQL function.
<li>The [unicode61] tokenizer is now included in [FTS4] by default.
<li>Trigger automatic reprepares on all prepared statements when [ANALYZE] is
    run.
<li>Added a new
    [loadable extension] source code file to the source tree:
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/misc/fileio.c|fileio.c]
<li>Add extension functions [file I/O functions|readfile(X) and writefile(X,Y)]
    (using code copy/pasted from fileio.c in the previous bullet) to the
    [command-line shell].
<li>Added the [.fullschema] dot-command to the [command-line shell].
<p><b>Performance Enhancements:</b>
<li>Deactivate the [DISTINCT] keyword on subqueries on the
    right-hand side of the [IN operator].







|







1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
    error from 1 second to 10 seconds.
<li>Added the [likely(X)] SQL function.
<li>The [unicode61] tokenizer is now included in [FTS4] by default.
<li>Trigger automatic reprepares on all prepared statements when [ANALYZE] is
    run.
<li>Added a new
    [loadable extension] source code file to the source tree:
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/misc/fileio.c|fileio.c]
<li>Add extension functions [file I/O functions|readfile(X) and writefile(X,Y)]
    (using code copy/pasted from fileio.c in the previous bullet) to the
    [command-line shell].
<li>Added the [.fullschema] dot-command to the [command-line shell].
<p><b>Performance Enhancements:</b>
<li>Deactivate the [DISTINCT] keyword on subqueries on the
    right-hand side of the [IN operator].
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
<li>Ensure that the query planner never tries to use a self-made transient
    index in place of a schema-defined index.
<li>Other minor tweaks to improve the quality of [VDBE] code.
<p><b>Bug Fixes:</b>
<li>Fix a bug in [CREATE INDEX|CREATE UNIQUE INDEX], introduced when [WITHOUT ROWID]
    support added in version 3.8.2, that allows a non-unique NOT NULL column to be
    given a UNIQUE index.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/9a6daf340df99ba93c|9a6daf340df99ba93c]
<li>Fix a bug in [R-Tree extension], introduced in the previous release,
    that can cause an
    incorrect results for queries that use the rowid of the R-Tree on the
    left-hand side of an [IN operator].
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/d2889096e7bdeac6|d2889096e7bdeac6].
<li>Fix the [sqlite3_stmt_busy()] interface so that it gives the correct answer
    for [ROLLBACK] statements that have been stepped but never reset.
<li>Fix a bug in that would cause a null pointer to be dereferenced
    if a column with a DEFAULT that is an aggregate function tried to usee its
    DEFAULT.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/3a88d85f36704eebe1|3a88d85f36704eebe1]
<li>CSV output from the [command-line shell] now always uses CRNL for the
    row separator and avoids inserting CR in front of NLs contained in
    data.
<li>Fix a [column affinity] problem with the [IN operator].
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/9a8b09f8e6|9a8b09f8e6].
<li>Fix the [ANALYZE] command so that it adds correct samples for
    [WITHOUT ROWID] tables in the [sqlite_stat4] table.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b2fa5424e6fcb15|b2fa5424e6fcb15].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-08-15 11:46:33 9491ba7d738528f168657adb43a198238abde19e"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 72c64f05cd9babb9c0f9b3c82536d83be7804b1c
}

chng {2014-06-04 (3.8.5)} {
<li>Added support for [partial sorting by index].







|




|





|




|


|







1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
<li>Ensure that the query planner never tries to use a self-made transient
    index in place of a schema-defined index.
<li>Other minor tweaks to improve the quality of [VDBE] code.
<p><b>Bug Fixes:</b>
<li>Fix a bug in [CREATE INDEX|CREATE UNIQUE INDEX], introduced when [WITHOUT ROWID]
    support added in version 3.8.2, that allows a non-unique NOT NULL column to be
    given a UNIQUE index.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/9a6daf340df99ba93c|9a6daf340df99ba93c]
<li>Fix a bug in [R-Tree extension], introduced in the previous release,
    that can cause an
    incorrect results for queries that use the rowid of the R-Tree on the
    left-hand side of an [IN operator].
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/d2889096e7bdeac6|d2889096e7bdeac6].
<li>Fix the [sqlite3_stmt_busy()] interface so that it gives the correct answer
    for [ROLLBACK] statements that have been stepped but never reset.
<li>Fix a bug in that would cause a null pointer to be dereferenced
    if a column with a DEFAULT that is an aggregate function tried to usee its
    DEFAULT.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/3a88d85f36704eebe1|3a88d85f36704eebe1]
<li>CSV output from the [command-line shell] now always uses CRNL for the
    row separator and avoids inserting CR in front of NLs contained in
    data.
<li>Fix a [column affinity] problem with the [IN operator].
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/9a8b09f8e6|9a8b09f8e6].
<li>Fix the [ANALYZE] command so that it adds correct samples for
    [WITHOUT ROWID] tables in the [sqlite_stat4] table.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b2fa5424e6fcb15|b2fa5424e6fcb15].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-08-15 11:46:33 9491ba7d738528f168657adb43a198238abde19e"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 72c64f05cd9babb9c0f9b3c82536d83be7804b1c
}

chng {2014-06-04 (3.8.5)} {
<li>Added support for [partial sorting by index].
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
    Similarly optimize "x NOT IN (?)"
<li>Add the ".system" and ".once" commands to the [command-line shell].
<li>Added the [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE] bit to the set of bits that can be returned by
    the xDeviceCharacteristics method of a [VFS].
<li>Added the [SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER] test control.
<p><b>Bug Fixes:</b>
<li>OFFSET clause ignored on queries without a FROM clause.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/07d6a0453d | 07d6a0453d]
<li>Assertion fault on queries involving expressions of the form
    "x IN (?)".  Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e39d032577|e39d032577].
<li>Incorrect column datatype reported.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a8a0d2996a | a8a0d2996a]
<li>Duplicate row returned on a query against a table with more than
    16 indices, each on a separate column, and all used via OR-connected constraints.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/10fb063b11 | 10fb063b11]
<li>Partial index causes assertion fault on UPDATE OR REPLACE.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2ea3e9fe63 | 2ea3e9fe63]
<li>Crash when calling undocumented SQL function sqlite_rename_parent()
    with NULL parameters.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/264b970c4379fd | 264b970c43]
<li>ORDER BY ignored if the query has an identical GROUP BY.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b75a9ca6b0499 |  b75a9ca6b0]
<li>The group_concat(x,'') SQL function returns NULL instead of an empty string
    when all inputs are empty strings.  
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/55746f9e65f85 |  55746f9e65]
<li>Fix a bug in the VDBE code generator that caused crashes when
    doing an INSERT INTO ... SELECT statement where the number of columns
    being inserted is larger than the number of columns in the destination
    table.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e9654505cfda9 | e9654505cfd]
<li>Fix a problem in CSV import in the [command-line shell]
    where if the leftmost field of the first row
    in the CSV file was both zero bytes in size and unquoted no data would
    be imported.
<li>Fix a problem in FTS4 where the left-most column that contained
    the [FTS4 notindexed option | notindexed column] name as a prefix
    was not indexed rather than the column whose name matched exactly.
<li>Fix the [sqlite3_db_readonly()] interface so that it returns true if
    the database is read-only due to the file format write version number
    being too large.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-06-04 14:06:34 b1ed4f2a34ba66c29b130f8d13e9092758019212"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 7bc194957238c61b1a47f301270286be5bc5208c
}

chng {2014-04-03 (3.8.4.3)} {
<li>Add a 
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/fdiff?sbs=1&v1=7d539cedb1c&v2=ebad891b7494d&smhdr|one-character fix]
    for a problem that might cause incorrect query results on a query that mixes
    DISTINCT, GROUP BY in a subquery, and ORDER BY.
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/98825a79ce1456863|Ticket 98825a79ce14].
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-04-03 16:53:12 a611fa96c4a848614efe899130359c9f6fb889c3"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 310a1faeb9332a3cd8d1f53b4a2e055abf537bdc
}

chng {2014-03-26 (3.8.4.2)} {
<li>Fix a potential buffer overread that could result when trying to search a
    corrupt database file.







|

|

|


|

|


|

|


|




|

















|


|







1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
    Similarly optimize "x NOT IN (?)"
<li>Add the ".system" and ".once" commands to the [command-line shell].
<li>Added the [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE] bit to the set of bits that can be returned by
    the xDeviceCharacteristics method of a [VFS].
<li>Added the [SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER] test control.
<p><b>Bug Fixes:</b>
<li>OFFSET clause ignored on queries without a FROM clause.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/07d6a0453d | 07d6a0453d]
<li>Assertion fault on queries involving expressions of the form
    "x IN (?)".  Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e39d032577|e39d032577].
<li>Incorrect column datatype reported.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a8a0d2996a | a8a0d2996a]
<li>Duplicate row returned on a query against a table with more than
    16 indices, each on a separate column, and all used via OR-connected constraints.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/10fb063b11 | 10fb063b11]
<li>Partial index causes assertion fault on UPDATE OR REPLACE.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2ea3e9fe63 | 2ea3e9fe63]
<li>Crash when calling undocumented SQL function sqlite_rename_parent()
    with NULL parameters.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/264b970c4379fd | 264b970c43]
<li>ORDER BY ignored if the query has an identical GROUP BY.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b75a9ca6b0499 |  b75a9ca6b0]
<li>The group_concat(x,'') SQL function returns NULL instead of an empty string
    when all inputs are empty strings.  
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/55746f9e65f85 |  55746f9e65]
<li>Fix a bug in the VDBE code generator that caused crashes when
    doing an INSERT INTO ... SELECT statement where the number of columns
    being inserted is larger than the number of columns in the destination
    table.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e9654505cfda9 | e9654505cfd]
<li>Fix a problem in CSV import in the [command-line shell]
    where if the leftmost field of the first row
    in the CSV file was both zero bytes in size and unquoted no data would
    be imported.
<li>Fix a problem in FTS4 where the left-most column that contained
    the [FTS4 notindexed option | notindexed column] name as a prefix
    was not indexed rather than the column whose name matched exactly.
<li>Fix the [sqlite3_db_readonly()] interface so that it returns true if
    the database is read-only due to the file format write version number
    being too large.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-06-04 14:06:34 b1ed4f2a34ba66c29b130f8d13e9092758019212"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 7bc194957238c61b1a47f301270286be5bc5208c
}

chng {2014-04-03 (3.8.4.3)} {
<li>Add a 
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/fdiff?sbs=1&v1=7d539cedb1c&v2=ebad891b7494d&smhdr|one-character fix]
    for a problem that might cause incorrect query results on a query that mixes
    DISTINCT, GROUP BY in a subquery, and ORDER BY.
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/98825a79ce1456863|Ticket 98825a79ce14].
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-04-03 16:53:12 a611fa96c4a848614efe899130359c9f6fb889c3"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 310a1faeb9332a3cd8d1f53b4a2e055abf537bdc
}

chng {2014-03-26 (3.8.4.2)} {
<li>Fix a potential buffer overread that could result when trying to search a
    corrupt database file.
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
<li>Change the datatype of SrcList.nSrc from type u8 to type int to work around 
    an issue in the C compiler on AIX.
<li>Get extension loading working on Cygwin.
<li>Bug fix: Fix the [char()] SQL function so that it returns an empty string
    rather than an "out of memory" error when called with zero arguments. 
<li>Bug fix: DISTINCT now recognizes that a [zeroblob] and a blob of all
    0x00 bytes are the same thing. 
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fccbde530a | Ticket &#91;fccbde530a&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Compute the correct answer for queries that contain an IS NOT NULL
    term in the WHERE clause and also contain an OR term in the WHERE clause and
    are compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c86b126f2 | Ticket &#91;4c86b126f2&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Make sure "rowid" columns are correctly resolved in joins between
    normal tables and WITHOUT ROWID tables.
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c34d0557f7 | Ticket &#91;c34d0557f7&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Make sure the same temporary registers are not used in concurrent
    co-routines used to implement compound SELECT statements containing ORDER
    BY clauses, as such use can lead to incorrect answers.
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/8c63ff0eca | Ticket &#91;8c63ff0eca&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Ensure that "ORDER BY random()" clauses do not get optimized out.
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/65bdeb9739 | Ticket &#91;65bdeb9739&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Repair a name-resolution error that can occur in sub-select statements
    contained within a TRIGGER.
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4ef7e3cfca | Ticket &#91;4ef7e3cfca&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Fix column default values expressions of the form
    "DEFAULT(-(-9223372036854775808))" so that they work correctly, initializing
    the column to a floating point value approximately equal to
    +9223372036854775808.0.
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-03-10 12:20:37 530a1ee7dc2435f80960ce4710a3c2d2bfaaccc5"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: b0c22e5f15f5ba2afd017ecd990ea507918afe1c
}

chng {2014-02-11 (3.8.3.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug (ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c86b126f2|4c86b126f2])
    that causes rows to go missing on some queries with OR clauses and
    IS NOT NULL operators in the WHERE clause, when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3]
    or [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time options are used.
<li>Fix a harmless compiler warning that was causing problems for VS2013.
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-02-11 14:52:19 ea3317a4803d71d88183b29f1d3086f46d68a00e"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 990004ef2d0eec6a339e4caa562423897fe02bf0
}







|



|


|



|

|


|









|







1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
<li>Change the datatype of SrcList.nSrc from type u8 to type int to work around 
    an issue in the C compiler on AIX.
<li>Get extension loading working on Cygwin.
<li>Bug fix: Fix the [char()] SQL function so that it returns an empty string
    rather than an "out of memory" error when called with zero arguments. 
<li>Bug fix: DISTINCT now recognizes that a [zeroblob] and a blob of all
    0x00 bytes are the same thing. 
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fccbde530a | Ticket &#91;fccbde530a&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Compute the correct answer for queries that contain an IS NOT NULL
    term in the WHERE clause and also contain an OR term in the WHERE clause and
    are compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4].
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c86b126f2 | Ticket &#91;4c86b126f2&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Make sure "rowid" columns are correctly resolved in joins between
    normal tables and WITHOUT ROWID tables.
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c34d0557f7 | Ticket &#91;c34d0557f7&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Make sure the same temporary registers are not used in concurrent
    co-routines used to implement compound SELECT statements containing ORDER
    BY clauses, as such use can lead to incorrect answers.
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/8c63ff0eca | Ticket &#91;8c63ff0eca&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Ensure that "ORDER BY random()" clauses do not get optimized out.
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/65bdeb9739 | Ticket &#91;65bdeb9739&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Repair a name-resolution error that can occur in sub-select statements
    contained within a TRIGGER.
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4ef7e3cfca | Ticket &#91;4ef7e3cfca&#93]
<li>Bug fix: Fix column default values expressions of the form
    "DEFAULT(-(-9223372036854775808))" so that they work correctly, initializing
    the column to a floating point value approximately equal to
    +9223372036854775808.0.
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-03-10 12:20:37 530a1ee7dc2435f80960ce4710a3c2d2bfaaccc5"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: b0c22e5f15f5ba2afd017ecd990ea507918afe1c
}

chng {2014-02-11 (3.8.3.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug (ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c86b126f2|4c86b126f2])
    that causes rows to go missing on some queries with OR clauses and
    IS NOT NULL operators in the WHERE clause, when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3]
    or [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4] compile-time options are used.
<li>Fix a harmless compiler warning that was causing problems for VS2013.
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: "2014-02-11 14:52:19 ea3317a4803d71d88183b29f1d3086f46d68a00e"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 990004ef2d0eec6a339e4caa562423897fe02bf0
}
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
<li>The directory used to hold temporary files on unix can now be set using
    the SQLITE_TMPDIR environment variable,  which takes precedence over the
    TMPDIR environment variable.  The [sqlite3_temp_directory] global variable
    still has higher precedence than both environment variables, however.
<li>Added the [PRAGMA stats] statement.
<li><b>Bug fix:</b> Return the correct answer for "SELECT count(*) FROM table" even if
    there is a [partial index] on the table. Ticket
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a5c8ed66ca|a5c8ed66ca].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-10-17 12:57:35 c78be6d786c19073b3a6730dfe3fb1be54f5657a"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 0a54d76566728c2ba96292a49b138e4f69a7c391
}

chng {2013-09-03 (3.8.0.2)} {







|







1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
<li>The directory used to hold temporary files on unix can now be set using
    the SQLITE_TMPDIR environment variable,  which takes precedence over the
    TMPDIR environment variable.  The [sqlite3_temp_directory] global variable
    still has higher precedence than both environment variables, however.
<li>Added the [PRAGMA stats] statement.
<li><b>Bug fix:</b> Return the correct answer for "SELECT count(*) FROM table" even if
    there is a [partial index] on the table. Ticket
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a5c8ed66ca|a5c8ed66ca].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-10-17 12:57:35 c78be6d786c19073b3a6730dfe3fb1be54f5657a"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 0a54d76566728c2ba96292a49b138e4f69a7c391
}

chng {2013-09-03 (3.8.0.2)} {
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
<li>Discontinue the use of posix_fallocate() on unix, as it does not work on all
    filesystems.
<li>Improved tracing and debugging facilities in the Windows [VFS].
<li>Bug fix: Fix a potential <b>database corruption bug</b>
    in [shared cache mode] when one
    [database connection] is closed while another is in the middle of a write
    transaction.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e636a050b7 | e636a050b7]
<li>Bug fix:
    Only consider AS names from the result set as candidates for resolving
    identifiers in the WHERE clause if there are no other matches. In the 
    ORDER BY clause, AS names take priority over any column names.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2500cdb9be05 | 2500cdb9be05]
<li>Bug fix: Do not allow a virtual table to cancel the ORDER BY clause unless 
    all outer loops are guaranteed to return no more than one row result.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ba82a4a41eac1 | ba82a4a41eac1].
<li>Bug fix: Do not suppress the ORDER BY clause on a virtual table query if
    an IN constraint is used.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f69b96e3076e | f69b96e3076e].
<li>Bug fix: The [command-line shell] gives an exit code of 0 when terminated
    using the ".quit" command.
<li>Bug fix: Make sure [PRAGMA] statements appear in [sqlite3_trace()] output.
<li>Bug fix: When a [compound query] that uses an ORDER BY clause
    with a [COLLATE operator], make sure that the sorting occurs
    according to the specified collation and that the comparisons associate with
    the compound query use the native collation.  Ticket
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/6709574d2a8d8 | 6709574d2a8d8].
<li>Bug fix: Makes sure the [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer] callback gets
    a valid pointer to the string "ROWID" for the column-name parameter when
    doing an [UPDATE] that changes the rowid.  Ticket
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/0eb70d77cb05bb2272 | 0eb70d77cb05bb2272]
<li>Bug fix: Do not move WHERE clause terms inside OR expressions that are
    contained within an ON clause of a LEFT JOIN.  Ticket 
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f2369304e4 | f2369304e4]
<li>Bug fix: Make sure an error is always reported when attempting to preform
    an operation that requires a [collating sequence] that is missing.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/0fc59f908b | 0fc59f908b]

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-05-20 00:56:22 118a3b35693b134d56ebd780123b7fd6f1497668"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 246987605d0503c700a08b9ee99a6b5d67454aab
}

chng {2013-04-12 (3.7.16.2)} {
<li>Fix a bug (present since version 3.7.13) that could result in database corruption
    on windows if two or more processes try to access the same database file at the
    same time and immediately after third process crashed in the middle of committing
    to that same file.  See ticket 
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7ff3120e4f | 7ff3120e4f] for further
    information.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-04-12 11:52:43 cbea02d93865ce0e06789db95fd9168ebac970c7"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d466b54789dff4fb0238b9232e74896deaefab94
} {inadditionto 2 inadditionto 1}

chng {2013-03-29 (3.7.16.1)} {
<li>Fix for a bug in the ORDER BY optimizer that was introduced in
    [version 3.7.15] which would sometimes optimize out the sorting step
    when in fact the sort was required.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a179fe7465 | a179fe7465]
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in the [CAST expression] that would recognize UTF16
    characters as digits even if their most-significant-byte was not zero.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/689137afb6da41 | 689137afb6da41].
<li>Fix a bug in the NEAR operator of [FTS3] when applied to subfields.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/38b1ae018f | 38b1ae018f].
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in the storage engine that would (very rarely)
    cause a spurious report of an SQLITE_CORRUPT error but which was otherwise
    harmless.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/6bfb98dfc0c | 6bfb98dfc0c].
<li>The SQLITE_OMIT_MERGE_SORT option has been removed.  The merge sorter is
    now a required component of SQLite.
<li>Fixed lots of spelling errors in the source-code comments
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-03-29 13:44:34 527231bc67285f01fb18d4451b28f61da3c4e39d"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 7a91ceceac9bcf47ceb8219126276e5518f7ff5a
} {inadditionto 1}







|




|


|


|







|



|


|


|











|











|


|

|



|







2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
<li>Discontinue the use of posix_fallocate() on unix, as it does not work on all
    filesystems.
<li>Improved tracing and debugging facilities in the Windows [VFS].
<li>Bug fix: Fix a potential <b>database corruption bug</b>
    in [shared cache mode] when one
    [database connection] is closed while another is in the middle of a write
    transaction.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/e636a050b7 | e636a050b7]
<li>Bug fix:
    Only consider AS names from the result set as candidates for resolving
    identifiers in the WHERE clause if there are no other matches. In the 
    ORDER BY clause, AS names take priority over any column names.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2500cdb9be05 | 2500cdb9be05]
<li>Bug fix: Do not allow a virtual table to cancel the ORDER BY clause unless 
    all outer loops are guaranteed to return no more than one row result.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ba82a4a41eac1 | ba82a4a41eac1].
<li>Bug fix: Do not suppress the ORDER BY clause on a virtual table query if
    an IN constraint is used.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f69b96e3076e | f69b96e3076e].
<li>Bug fix: The [command-line shell] gives an exit code of 0 when terminated
    using the ".quit" command.
<li>Bug fix: Make sure [PRAGMA] statements appear in [sqlite3_trace()] output.
<li>Bug fix: When a [compound query] that uses an ORDER BY clause
    with a [COLLATE operator], make sure that the sorting occurs
    according to the specified collation and that the comparisons associate with
    the compound query use the native collation.  Ticket
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/6709574d2a8d8 | 6709574d2a8d8].
<li>Bug fix: Makes sure the [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer] callback gets
    a valid pointer to the string "ROWID" for the column-name parameter when
    doing an [UPDATE] that changes the rowid.  Ticket
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/0eb70d77cb05bb2272 | 0eb70d77cb05bb2272]
<li>Bug fix: Do not move WHERE clause terms inside OR expressions that are
    contained within an ON clause of a LEFT JOIN.  Ticket 
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f2369304e4 | f2369304e4]
<li>Bug fix: Make sure an error is always reported when attempting to preform
    an operation that requires a [collating sequence] that is missing.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/0fc59f908b | 0fc59f908b]

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-05-20 00:56:22 118a3b35693b134d56ebd780123b7fd6f1497668"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 246987605d0503c700a08b9ee99a6b5d67454aab
}

chng {2013-04-12 (3.7.16.2)} {
<li>Fix a bug (present since version 3.7.13) that could result in database corruption
    on windows if two or more processes try to access the same database file at the
    same time and immediately after third process crashed in the middle of committing
    to that same file.  See ticket 
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7ff3120e4f | 7ff3120e4f] for further
    information.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-04-12 11:52:43 cbea02d93865ce0e06789db95fd9168ebac970c7"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d466b54789dff4fb0238b9232e74896deaefab94
} {inadditionto 2 inadditionto 1}

chng {2013-03-29 (3.7.16.1)} {
<li>Fix for a bug in the ORDER BY optimizer that was introduced in
    [version 3.7.15] which would sometimes optimize out the sorting step
    when in fact the sort was required.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a179fe7465 | a179fe7465]
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in the [CAST expression] that would recognize UTF16
    characters as digits even if their most-significant-byte was not zero.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/689137afb6da41 | 689137afb6da41].
<li>Fix a bug in the NEAR operator of [FTS3] when applied to subfields.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/38b1ae018f | 38b1ae018f].
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in the storage engine that would (very rarely)
    cause a spurious report of an SQLITE_CORRUPT error but which was otherwise
    harmless.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/6bfb98dfc0c | 6bfb98dfc0c].
<li>The SQLITE_OMIT_MERGE_SORT option has been removed.  The merge sorter is
    now a required component of SQLite.
<li>Fixed lots of spelling errors in the source-code comments
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-03-29 13:44:34 527231bc67285f01fb18d4451b28f61da3c4e39d"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 7a91ceceac9bcf47ceb8219126276e5518f7ff5a
} {inadditionto 1}
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
<li>Enhance the [spellfix1] extension so that the edit distance cost table can
    be changed at runtime by inserting a string like 'edit_cost_table=TABLE' 
    into the "command" field.

<li>Bug fix: repair a long-standing problem that could cause incorrect query
    results in a 3-way or larger join that compared INTEGER fields against TEXT
    fields in two or more places.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fc7bd6358f | fc7bd6358f]
<li>Bug fix: Issue an error message if the 16-bit reference counter on a
    view overflows due to an overly complex query.
<li>Bug fix: Avoid leaking memory on LIMIT and OFFSET clauses in deeply
    nested UNION ALL queries.
<li>Bug fix: Make sure the schema is up-to-date prior to running pragmas
    table_info, index_list, index_info, and foreign_key_list.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-03-18 11:39:23 66d5f2b76750f3520eb7a495f6247206758f5b90"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 7308ab891ca1b2ebc596025cfe4dc36f1ee89cf6
}

chng {2013-01-09 (3.7.15.2)} {
<li>Fix a bug, introduced in [version 3.7.15], that causes an ORDER BY clause
    to be optimized out of a three-way join when the ORDER BY is actually
    required.	
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/598f5f7596b055 | 598f5f7596b055]

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-01-09 11:53:05 c0e09560d26f0a6456be9dd3447f5311eb4f238f"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 5741f47d1bc38aa0a8c38f09e60a5fe0031f272d
}

chng {2012-12-19 (3.7.15.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug, introduced in [version 3.7.15], that causes a segfault if
    the AS name of a result column of a SELECT statement is used as a logical
    term in the WHERE clause.  Ticket 
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a7b7803e8d1e869 | a7b7803e8d1e869].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-12-19 20:39:10 6b85b767d0ff7975146156a99ad673f2c1a23318"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: bbbaa68061e925bd4d7d18d7e1270935c5f7e39a
}

chng {2012-12-12 (3.7.15)} {







|
















|










|







2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
<li>Enhance the [spellfix1] extension so that the edit distance cost table can
    be changed at runtime by inserting a string like 'edit_cost_table=TABLE' 
    into the "command" field.

<li>Bug fix: repair a long-standing problem that could cause incorrect query
    results in a 3-way or larger join that compared INTEGER fields against TEXT
    fields in two or more places.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fc7bd6358f | fc7bd6358f]
<li>Bug fix: Issue an error message if the 16-bit reference counter on a
    view overflows due to an overly complex query.
<li>Bug fix: Avoid leaking memory on LIMIT and OFFSET clauses in deeply
    nested UNION ALL queries.
<li>Bug fix: Make sure the schema is up-to-date prior to running pragmas
    table_info, index_list, index_info, and foreign_key_list.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-03-18 11:39:23 66d5f2b76750f3520eb7a495f6247206758f5b90"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 7308ab891ca1b2ebc596025cfe4dc36f1ee89cf6
}

chng {2013-01-09 (3.7.15.2)} {
<li>Fix a bug, introduced in [version 3.7.15], that causes an ORDER BY clause
    to be optimized out of a three-way join when the ORDER BY is actually
    required.	
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/598f5f7596b055 | 598f5f7596b055]

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2013-01-09 11:53:05 c0e09560d26f0a6456be9dd3447f5311eb4f238f"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 5741f47d1bc38aa0a8c38f09e60a5fe0031f272d
}

chng {2012-12-19 (3.7.15.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug, introduced in [version 3.7.15], that causes a segfault if
    the AS name of a result column of a SELECT statement is used as a logical
    term in the WHERE clause.  Ticket 
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a7b7803e8d1e869 | a7b7803e8d1e869].

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-12-19 20:39:10 6b85b767d0ff7975146156a99ad673f2c1a23318"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: bbbaa68061e925bd4d7d18d7e1270935c5f7e39a
}

chng {2012-12-12 (3.7.15)} {
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-06-11 02:05:22 f5b5a13f7394dc143aa136f1d4faba6839eaa6dc"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: ff0a771d6252545740ba9685e312b0e3bb6a641b
}

chng {2012-05-22 (3.7.12.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug 
    [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c2ad16f997ee9c | (ticket c2ad16f997)]
    in the 3.7.12 release that can cause a segfault for certain
    obscure nested aggregate queries.
<li>Fix various other minor test script problems.
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-05-22 02:45:53 6d326d44fd1d626aae0e8456e5fa2049f1ce0789"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d494e8d81607f0515d4f386156fb0fd86d5ba7df
}







|







2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-06-11 02:05:22 f5b5a13f7394dc143aa136f1d4faba6839eaa6dc"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: ff0a771d6252545740ba9685e312b0e3bb6a641b
}

chng {2012-05-22 (3.7.12.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug 
    [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c2ad16f997ee9c | (ticket c2ad16f997)]
    in the 3.7.12 release that can cause a segfault for certain
    obscure nested aggregate queries.
<li>Fix various other minor test script problems.
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-05-22 02:45:53 6d326d44fd1d626aae0e8456e5fa2049f1ce0789"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d494e8d81607f0515d4f386156fb0fd86d5ba7df
}
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
<li>Improved optimization of aggregate subqueries contained within an
    aggregate query.
<li>Bug fix: Fix the [RELEASE] command so that it does not cancel pending
    queries.  This repairs a problem introduced in 3.7.11.
<li>Bug fix: Do not discard the DISTINCT as superfluous unless a subset of
    the result set is subject to a UNIQUE constraint <em>and</em> it none
    of the columns in that subset can be NULL.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/385a5b56b9 | 385a5b56b9].
<li>Bug fix: Do not optimize away an ORDER BY clause that has the same terms
    as a UNIQUE index unless those terms are also NOT NULL.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2a5629202f | 2a5629202f].
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-05-14 01:41:23 8654aa9540fe9fd210899d83d17f3f407096c004"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 57e2104a0f7b3f528e7f6b7a8e553e2357ccd2e1

}

chng {2012-03-20 (3.7.11)} {







|


|







2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
<li>Improved optimization of aggregate subqueries contained within an
    aggregate query.
<li>Bug fix: Fix the [RELEASE] command so that it does not cancel pending
    queries.  This repairs a problem introduced in 3.7.11.
<li>Bug fix: Do not discard the DISTINCT as superfluous unless a subset of
    the result set is subject to a UNIQUE constraint <em>and</em> it none
    of the columns in that subset can be NULL.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/385a5b56b9 | 385a5b56b9].
<li>Bug fix: Do not optimize away an ORDER BY clause that has the same terms
    as a UNIQUE index unless those terms are also NOT NULL.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2a5629202f | 2a5629202f].
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-05-14 01:41:23 8654aa9540fe9fd210899d83d17f3f407096c004"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 57e2104a0f7b3f528e7f6b7a8e553e2357ccd2e1

}

chng {2012-03-20 (3.7.11)} {
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
<li>Added support for the [FTS4 languageid option].  
<li>Documented support for the [FTS4 content option].  This feature has
    actually been in the code since [version 3.7.9] but is only now considered
    to be officially supported.
<li>Pending statements no longer block [ROLLBACK].  Instead, the pending
    statement will return SQLITE_ABORT upon next access after the ROLLBACK.
<li>Improvements to the handling of CSV inputs in the [command-line shell]
<li>Fix a [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b7c8682cc1|bug] introduced 
    in [version 3.7.10] that might cause a LEFT JOIN
    to be incorrectly converted into an INNER JOIN if the WHERE clause
    indexable terms connected by OR.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-03-20 11:35:50 00bb9c9ce4f465e6ac321ced2a9d0062dc364669"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d460d7eda3a9dccd291aed2a9fda868b9b120a10







|







2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
<li>Added support for the [FTS4 languageid option].  
<li>Documented support for the [FTS4 content option].  This feature has
    actually been in the code since [version 3.7.9] but is only now considered
    to be officially supported.
<li>Pending statements no longer block [ROLLBACK].  Instead, the pending
    statement will return SQLITE_ABORT upon next access after the ROLLBACK.
<li>Improvements to the handling of CSV inputs in the [command-line shell]
<li>Fix a [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b7c8682cc1|bug] introduced 
    in [version 3.7.10] that might cause a LEFT JOIN
    to be incorrectly converted into an INNER JOIN if the WHERE clause
    indexable terms connected by OR.

<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-03-20 11:35:50 00bb9c9ce4f465e6ac321ced2a9d0062dc364669"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d460d7eda3a9dccd291aed2a9fda868b9b120a10
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
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2465
2466
2467
    [SQLITE_ENABLE_TREE_EXPLAIN] compile-time option to enable the
    [command-line shell] to display ASCII-art parse trees of SQL statements
    that it processes, for debugging and analysis.
<li><b>Bug fix:</b>
    Add an additional xSync when restarting a WAL in order to prevent an
    exceedingly unlikely but theoretically possible
    database corruption following power-loss.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ff5be73dee | ff5be73dee].
<li><b>Bug fix:</b>
    Change the VDBE so that all registers are initialized to Invalid
    instead of NULL.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7bbfb7d442 | 7bbfb7d442]
<li><b>Bug fix:</b>
    Fix problems that can result from 32-bit integer overflow.
    Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ac0ff496b7e2 | ac00f496b7e2]
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-01-16 13:28:40 ebd01a8deffb5024a5d7494eef800d2366d97204"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 6497cbbaad47220bd41e2e4216c54706e7ae95d4
}

chng {2011-11-01 (3.7.9)} {
<li>If a search token (on the right-hand side of the MATCH operator) in







|



|


|







2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
    [SQLITE_ENABLE_TREE_EXPLAIN] compile-time option to enable the
    [command-line shell] to display ASCII-art parse trees of SQL statements
    that it processes, for debugging and analysis.
<li><b>Bug fix:</b>
    Add an additional xSync when restarting a WAL in order to prevent an
    exceedingly unlikely but theoretically possible
    database corruption following power-loss.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ff5be73dee | ff5be73dee].
<li><b>Bug fix:</b>
    Change the VDBE so that all registers are initialized to Invalid
    instead of NULL.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7bbfb7d442 | 7bbfb7d442]
<li><b>Bug fix:</b>
    Fix problems that can result from 32-bit integer overflow.
    Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ac0ff496b7e2 | ac00f496b7e2]
<li>SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 
    "2012-01-16 13:28:40 ebd01a8deffb5024a5d7494eef800d2366d97204"
<li>SHA1 for sqlite3.c: 6497cbbaad47220bd41e2e4216c54706e7ae95d4
}

chng {2011-11-01 (3.7.9)} {
<li>If a search token (on the right-hand side of the MATCH operator) in
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
     indices in a WHERE clause.
<li> SQLITE_SOURCE_ID:
    "2011-09-19 14:49:19 3e0da808d2f5b4d12046e05980ca04578f581177"
<li> SHA1 for sqlite3.c: bfcd74a655636b592c5dba6d0d5729c0f8e3b4de
}

chng {2011-06-28 (3.7.7.1)} {
<li> Fix [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/25ee812710 | a bug] causing 
     [PRAGMA case_sensitive_like] statements compiled using sqlite3_prepare()
     to fail with an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] error.
<li> SQLITE_SOURCE_ID:
    "2011-06-28 17:39:05 af0d91adf497f5f36ec3813f04235a6e195a605f"
<li> SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d47594b8a02f6cf58e91fb673e96cb1b397aace0
}








|







2524
2525
2526
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2528
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2531
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     indices in a WHERE clause.
<li> SQLITE_SOURCE_ID:
    "2011-09-19 14:49:19 3e0da808d2f5b4d12046e05980ca04578f581177"
<li> SHA1 for sqlite3.c: bfcd74a655636b592c5dba6d0d5729c0f8e3b4de
}

chng {2011-06-28 (3.7.7.1)} {
<li> Fix [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/25ee812710 | a bug] causing 
     [PRAGMA case_sensitive_like] statements compiled using sqlite3_prepare()
     to fail with an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] error.
<li> SQLITE_SOURCE_ID:
    "2011-06-28 17:39:05 af0d91adf497f5f36ec3813f04235a6e195a605f"
<li> SHA1 for sqlite3.c: d47594b8a02f6cf58e91fb673e96cb1b397aace0
}

2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
     [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL] options for the
     [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
<li> Added the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option.
<li> Added the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS] compile-time option.
<li> Updates to [sqlite3_stmt_readonly()] so that its result is well-defined
     for all prepared statements and so that it works with [VACUUM].
<li> Added the "-heap" option to the [command-line shell]
<li> Fix [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/5d863f876e | a bug] involving
     frequent changes in and out of WAL mode and
     VACUUM that could (in theory) cause database corruption.
<li> Enhance the [sqlite3_trace()] mechanism so that nested SQL statements
     such as might be generated by virtual tables are shown but are shown
     in comments and without parameter expansion.  This 
     greatly improves tracing output when using the FTS3/4 and/or RTREE
     virtual tables.







|







2616
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2624
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2627
2628
2629
2630
     [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_MISS_FULL] options for the
     [sqlite3_db_status()] interface.
<li> Added the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option.
<li> Added the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS] compile-time option.
<li> Updates to [sqlite3_stmt_readonly()] so that its result is well-defined
     for all prepared statements and so that it works with [VACUUM].
<li> Added the "-heap" option to the [command-line shell]
<li> Fix [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/5d863f876e | a bug] involving
     frequent changes in and out of WAL mode and
     VACUUM that could (in theory) cause database corruption.
<li> Enhance the [sqlite3_trace()] mechanism so that nested SQL statements
     such as might be generated by virtual tables are shown but are shown
     in comments and without parameter expansion.  This 
     greatly improves tracing output when using the FTS3/4 and/or RTREE
     virtual tables.
2653
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2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
     to the FTS [matchinfo()] function.
<li> Added the test_superlock.c module which provides example
     code for obtaining an exclusive lock to a rollback
     or WAL database.  
<li> Added the test_multiplex.c module which provides
     an example VFS that provides multiplexing (sharding)
     of a DB, splitting it over multiple files of fixed size.
<li> A [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/80ba201079 | very obscure bug]
     associated with the [or optimization] was fixed.
}

chng {2010-10-08 (3.7.3)} {
<li> Added the [sqlite3_create_function_v2()] interface that includes a
     destructor callback.
<li> Added support for [custom r-tree queries] using application-supplied







|







2653
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2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
     to the FTS [matchinfo()] function.
<li> Added the test_superlock.c module which provides example
     code for obtaining an exclusive lock to a rollback
     or WAL database.  
<li> Added the test_multiplex.c module which provides
     an example VFS that provides multiplexing (sharding)
     of a DB, splitting it over multiple files of fixed size.
<li> A [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/80ba201079 | very obscure bug]
     associated with the [or optimization] was fixed.
}

chng {2010-10-08 (3.7.3)} {
<li> Added the [sqlite3_create_function_v2()] interface that includes a
     destructor callback.
<li> Added support for [custom r-tree queries] using application-supplied
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
     the VDBE provides hints to the B-Tree layer letting the B-Tree layer
     know when it is safe to use hashing instead of B-Trees for transient
     tables.
<li> Miscellaneous documentation enhancements.
}

chng {2010-08-24 (3.7.2)} {
<li> Fix an <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/5e10420e8d">
     old and very obscure bug</a> that can lead to corruption of the
     database [free-page list] when [incremental_vacuum] is used.
}

chng {2010-08-23 (3.7.1)} {
<li> Added new commands [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED] and
     [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED] to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface, in







|







2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
     the VDBE provides hints to the B-Tree layer letting the B-Tree layer
     know when it is safe to use hashing instead of B-Trees for transient
     tables.
<li> Miscellaneous documentation enhancements.
}

chng {2010-08-24 (3.7.2)} {
<li> Fix an <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/5e10420e8d">
     old and very obscure bug</a> that can lead to corruption of the
     database [free-page list] when [incremental_vacuum] is used.
}

chng {2010-08-23 (3.7.1)} {
<li> Added new commands [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_SCHEMA_USED] and
     [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_STMT_USED] to the [sqlite3_db_status()] interface, in
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
<li> The SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE compile-time option is now silently ignored.
     The maximum page size is hard-coded at 65536 bytes.
}

chng {2010-08-04 (3.7.0.1)} {
<li> Fix a potential database corruption bug that can occur if version 3.7.0
     and version 3.6.23.1 alternately write to the same database file.
     <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/51ae9cad317a1">
     Ticket &#91;51ae9cad317a1&#93;</a>
<li> Fix a performance regression related to the query planner enhancements
     of version 3.7.0.
}

chng {2010-07-21 (3.7.0)} {
<li> Added support for [WAL | write-ahead logging].







|







2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
<li> The SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE compile-time option is now silently ignored.
     The maximum page size is hard-coded at 65536 bytes.
}

chng {2010-08-04 (3.7.0.1)} {
<li> Fix a potential database corruption bug that can occur if version 3.7.0
     and version 3.6.23.1 alternately write to the same database file.
     <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/51ae9cad317a1">
     Ticket &#91;51ae9cad317a1&#93;</a>
<li> Fix a performance regression related to the query planner enhancements
     of version 3.7.0.
}

chng {2010-07-21 (3.7.0)} {
<li> Added support for [WAL | write-ahead logging].
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
re-compiled when a binding on the RHS of a LIKE operator changes or
when any range constraint changes under [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2].
<li>Various minor bug fixes and documentation enhancements.
}

chng {2009-10-30 (3.6.16.1)} {
<li>A small patch to version 3.6.16 to fix 
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/6b00e0a34c">the OP_If bug</a>.
}

chng {2009-10-14 (3.6.19)} {
<li>Added support for [foreign key constraints].  Foreign key constraints
    are disabled by default.  Use the [foreign_keys pragma] to turn them on.
<li>Generalized the IS and IS NOT operators to take arbitrary expressions
    on their right-hand side.
<li>The [TCL Interface] has been enhanced to use the
    [http://www.tcl-lang.org/cgi-bin/tct/tip/322.html | Non-Recursive Engine (NRE)]
    interface to the TCL interpreter when linked against TCL 8.6 or later.
<li>Fix a bug introduced in 3.6.18 that can lead to a segfault when an
    attempt is made to write on a read-only database.
}

chng {2009-09-11 (3.6.18)} {
<li>Versioning of the SQLite source code has transitioned from CVS to
    [http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil].
<li>Query planner enhancements.
<li>The [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2] compile-time option causes the [ANALYZE] 
    command to collect a small histogram of each index, to help SQLite better
    select among competing range query indices.
<li>Recursive triggers can be enabled using the [PRAGMA recursive_triggers]
    statement.  
<li>Delete triggers fire when rows are removed due to a 
    [ON CONFLICT | REPLACE conflict resolution].  This feature is only
    enabled when recursive triggers are enabled.
<li>Added the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]
    flags for [sqlite3_open_v2()] used to override the global
    [shared cache mode] settings for individual database connections.
<li>Added improved version identification features:
    C-Preprocessor macro [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID],
    C/C++ interface [sqlite3_sourceid()], and SQL function [sqlite_source_id()].
<li>Obscure bug fix on triggers
(<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/efc02f9779">&#91;efc02f9779&#93;</a>).
}

chng {2009-08-10 (3.6.17)} {
<li>Expose the [sqlite3_strnicmp()] interface for use by extensions and
    applications.
<li>Remove the restriction on [virtual tables] and [shared cache mode].
    Virtual tables and shared cache can now be used at the same time.







|








|







|
















|







2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
re-compiled when a binding on the RHS of a LIKE operator changes or
when any range constraint changes under [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2].
<li>Various minor bug fixes and documentation enhancements.
}

chng {2009-10-30 (3.6.16.1)} {
<li>A small patch to version 3.6.16 to fix 
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/6b00e0a34c">the OP_If bug</a>.
}

chng {2009-10-14 (3.6.19)} {
<li>Added support for [foreign key constraints].  Foreign key constraints
    are disabled by default.  Use the [foreign_keys pragma] to turn them on.
<li>Generalized the IS and IS NOT operators to take arbitrary expressions
    on their right-hand side.
<li>The [TCL Interface] has been enhanced to use the
    [https://www.tcl.tk/cgi-bin/tct/tip/322.html | Non-Recursive Engine (NRE)]
    interface to the TCL interpreter when linked against TCL 8.6 or later.
<li>Fix a bug introduced in 3.6.18 that can lead to a segfault when an
    attempt is made to write on a read-only database.
}

chng {2009-09-11 (3.6.18)} {
<li>Versioning of the SQLite source code has transitioned from CVS to
    [https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil].
<li>Query planner enhancements.
<li>The [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT2] compile-time option causes the [ANALYZE] 
    command to collect a small histogram of each index, to help SQLite better
    select among competing range query indices.
<li>Recursive triggers can be enabled using the [PRAGMA recursive_triggers]
    statement.  
<li>Delete triggers fire when rows are removed due to a 
    [ON CONFLICT | REPLACE conflict resolution].  This feature is only
    enabled when recursive triggers are enabled.
<li>Added the [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] and [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE]
    flags for [sqlite3_open_v2()] used to override the global
    [shared cache mode] settings for individual database connections.
<li>Added improved version identification features:
    C-Preprocessor macro [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID],
    C/C++ interface [sqlite3_sourceid()], and SQL function [sqlite_source_id()].
<li>Obscure bug fix on triggers
(<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/efc02f9779">&#91;efc02f9779&#93;</a>).
}

chng {2009-08-10 (3.6.17)} {
<li>Expose the [sqlite3_strnicmp()] interface for use by extensions and
    applications.
<li>Remove the restriction on [virtual tables] and [shared cache mode].
    Virtual tables and shared cache can now be used at the same time.
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
    [SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT].
<li>Added the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface for performance monitoring.</li>
<li>Add the [INDEXED BY] clause.</li>
<li>The LOCKING_STYLE extension is now enabled by default on Mac OS X</li>
<li>Added the TRUNCATE option to [PRAGMA journal_mode]</li>
<li>Performance enhancements to tree balancing logic in the B-Tree layer.</li>
<li>Added the
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=tool/genfkey.c">
  source code</a> and
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=tool/genfkey.README">
  documentation</a> for the <b>genfkey</b> program for automatically generating
  triggers to enforce foreign key constraints.</li>
<li>Added the [SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION] compile-time option.</li>
<li>The <a href="lang.html">SQL language documentation</a> is converted to use 
<a href="syntaxdiagrams.html">syntax diagrams</a> instead of BNF.</li>
<li>Other minor bug fixes</li>
}







|

|







3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
    [SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT].
<li>Added the [sqlite3_stmt_status()] interface for performance monitoring.</li>
<li>Add the [INDEXED BY] clause.</li>
<li>The LOCKING_STYLE extension is now enabled by default on Mac OS X</li>
<li>Added the TRUNCATE option to [PRAGMA journal_mode]</li>
<li>Performance enhancements to tree balancing logic in the B-Tree layer.</li>
<li>Added the
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=tool/genfkey.c">
  source code</a> and
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=tool/genfkey.README">
  documentation</a> for the <b>genfkey</b> program for automatically generating
  triggers to enforce foreign key constraints.</li>
<li>Added the [SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION] compile-time option.</li>
<li>The <a href="lang.html">SQL language documentation</a> is converted to use 
<a href="syntaxdiagrams.html">syntax diagrams</a> instead of BNF.</li>
<li>Other minor bug fixes</li>
}
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
the ".dump" output of databases with very large BLOBs and strings can
be played back to recreate the database.</li>
<li>Other small bug fixes and optimizations.</li>
}

chng {2007-11-27 (3.5.3)} {
<li>Move website and documentation files out of the source tree into
a <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/docsrc/">separate CM system</a>.
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statements
where the SELECT is compound.
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in RAISE(IGNORE) as used in BEFORE triggers.
<li>Fixed the operator precedence for the ~ operator.
<li>On Win32, do not return an error when attempting to delete a file
that does not exist.
<li>Allow collating sequence names to be quoted.







|







3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
the ".dump" output of databases with very large BLOBs and strings can
be played back to recreate the database.</li>
<li>Other small bug fixes and optimizations.</li>
}

chng {2007-11-27 (3.5.3)} {
<li>Move website and documentation files out of the source tree into
a <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/docsrc/">separate CM system</a>.
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in INSERT INTO ... SELECT ... statements
where the SELECT is compound.
<li>Fix a long-standing bug in RAISE(IGNORE) as used in BEFORE triggers.
<li>Fixed the operator precedence for the ~ operator.
<li>On Win32, do not return an error when attempting to delete a file
that does not exist.
<li>Allow collating sequence names to be quoted.
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322

<li>Improvements to the amalgamation generator script so that all symbols
are prefixed with either SQLITE_PRIVATE or SQLITE_API.
}

chng {2007-07-20 (3.4.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug in <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> that can lead to
    <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">
    database corruption</a> if two
    processes are connected to the database at the same time and one
    VACUUMs then the other then modifies the database.</li>
<li>The expression "+column" is now considered the same as "column"
    when computing the collating sequence to use on the expression.</li>
<li>In the <a href="tclsqlite.html">TCL language interface</a>,
   "@variable" instead of "$variable" always binds as a blob.</li>







|







3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322

<li>Improvements to the amalgamation generator script so that all symbols
are prefixed with either SQLITE_PRIVATE or SQLITE_API.
}

chng {2007-07-20 (3.4.1)} {
<li>Fix a bug in <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> that can lead to
    <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">
    database corruption</a> if two
    processes are connected to the database at the same time and one
    VACUUMs then the other then modifies the database.</li>
<li>The expression "+column" is now considered the same as "column"
    when computing the collating sequence to use on the expression.</li>
<li>In the <a href="tclsqlite.html">TCL language interface</a>,
   "@variable" instead of "$variable" always binds as a blob.</li>
3341
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3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
}

chng {2007-06-18 (3.4.0)} {
<li>Fix a bug that can lead to database corruption if an [SQLITE_BUSY] error
    occurs in the middle of an explicit transaction and that transaction
    is later committed.  [Ticket #2409].
    See the
    <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
    CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for details.</i>
<li>Fix a bug that can lead to database corruption if autovacuum mode is
    on and a malloc() failure follows a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement
    which itself follows a cache overflow inside a transaction.  See
    [ticket #2418]. 
    </li>
<li>Added explicit <a href="limits.html">upper bounds</a> on the sizes and







|







3341
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3344
3345
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3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
}

chng {2007-06-18 (3.4.0)} {
<li>Fix a bug that can lead to database corruption if an [SQLITE_BUSY] error
    occurs in the middle of an explicit transaction and that transaction
    is later committed.  [Ticket #2409].
    See the
    <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
    CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for details.</i>
<li>Fix a bug that can lead to database corruption if autovacuum mode is
    on and a malloc() failure follows a CREATE TABLE or CREATE INDEX statement
    which itself follows a cache overflow inside a transaction.  See
    [ticket #2418]. 
    </li>
<li>Added explicit <a href="limits.html">upper bounds</a> on the sizes and
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
}

chng {2007-01-09 (3.3.10)} {
<li>Fix bugs in the implementation of the new 
<a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a> API
that can lead to segfaults.</li>
<li>Fix 1-second round-off errors in the 
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DateAndTimeFunctions">
strftime()</a> function</li>
<li>Enhance the Windows OS layer to provide detailed error codes</li>
<li>Work around a win2k problem so that SQLite can use single-character
database file names</li>
<li>The
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_user_version">user_version</a> and
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_schema_version">schema_version</a> pragmas 







|







3518
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3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
}

chng {2007-01-09 (3.3.10)} {
<li>Fix bugs in the implementation of the new 
<a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a> API
that can lead to segfaults.</li>
<li>Fix 1-second round-off errors in the 
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DateAndTimeFunctions">
strftime()</a> function</li>
<li>Enhance the Windows OS layer to provide detailed error codes</li>
<li>Work around a win2k problem so that SQLite can use single-character
database file names</li>
<li>The
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_user_version">user_version</a> and
<a href="pragma.html#pragma_schema_version">schema_version</a> pragmas 
3565
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3568
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3585
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3594
3595
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3597
same directory as the original database</li>
<li>The prefix on temporary filenames on Windows is changed from "sqlite"
to "etilqs".</li>
}

chng {2006-10-09 (3.3.8)} {
<li>Support for full text search using the
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=FullTextIndex">FTS1 module</a>
(beta)</li>
<li>Added Mac OS X locking patches (beta - disabled by default)</li>
<li>Introduce extended error codes and add error codes for various
kinds of I/O errors.</li>
<li>Added support for IF EXISTS on CREATE/DROP TRIGGER/VIEW</li>
<li>Fix the regression test suite so that it works with Tcl8.5</li>
<li>Enhance sqlite3_set_authorizer() to provide notification of calls to
    SQL functions.</li>
<li>Added experimental API:  sqlite3_auto_extension()</li>
<li>Various minor bug fixes</li>
}

chng {2006-08-12 (3.3.7)} {
<li>Added support for
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=VirtualTables">virtual tables</a>
(beta)</li>
<li>Added support for 
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions">
dynamically loaded extensions</a> (beta)</li>
<li>The 
<a href="c3ref/interrupt.html">sqlite3_interrupt()</a>
routine can be called for a different thread</li>
<li>Added the <a href="lang_expr.html#match">MATCH</a> operator.</li>
<li>The default file format is now 1.  
}







|














|


|







3565
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same directory as the original database</li>
<li>The prefix on temporary filenames on Windows is changed from "sqlite"
to "etilqs".</li>
}

chng {2006-10-09 (3.3.8)} {
<li>Support for full text search using the
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=FullTextIndex">FTS1 module</a>
(beta)</li>
<li>Added Mac OS X locking patches (beta - disabled by default)</li>
<li>Introduce extended error codes and add error codes for various
kinds of I/O errors.</li>
<li>Added support for IF EXISTS on CREATE/DROP TRIGGER/VIEW</li>
<li>Fix the regression test suite so that it works with Tcl8.5</li>
<li>Enhance sqlite3_set_authorizer() to provide notification of calls to
    SQL functions.</li>
<li>Added experimental API:  sqlite3_auto_extension()</li>
<li>Various minor bug fixes</li>
}

chng {2006-08-12 (3.3.7)} {
<li>Added support for
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=VirtualTables">virtual tables</a>
(beta)</li>
<li>Added support for 
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=LoadableExtensions">
dynamically loaded extensions</a> (beta)</li>
<li>The 
<a href="c3ref/interrupt.html">sqlite3_interrupt()</a>
routine can be called for a different thread</li>
<li>Added the <a href="lang_expr.html#match">MATCH</a> operator.</li>
<li>The default file format is now 1.  
}
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4231
    another transaction is already active.</li>
}

chng {2002-08-13 (2.6.3)} {
<li>Add the ability to read both little-endian and big-endian databases.
    So a database created under SunOS or Mac OS X can be read and written
    under Linux or Windows and vice versa.</li>
<li>Convert to the new website: http://www.sqlite.org/</li>
<li>Allow transactions to span Linux Threads</li>
<li>Bug fix in the processing of the ORDER BY clause for GROUP BY queries</li>
}

chng {2002-07-31 (2.6.2)} {
<li>Text files read by the COPY command can now have line terminators
    of LF,  CRLF, or CR.</li>







|







4217
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4219
4220
4221
4222
4223
4224
4225
4226
4227
4228
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4231
    another transaction is already active.</li>
}

chng {2002-08-13 (2.6.3)} {
<li>Add the ability to read both little-endian and big-endian databases.
    So a database created under SunOS or Mac OS X can be read and written
    under Linux or Windows and vice versa.</li>
<li>Convert to the new website: https://www.sqlite.org/</li>
<li>Allow transactions to span Linux Threads</li>
<li>Bug fix in the processing of the ORDER BY clause for GROUP BY queries</li>
}

chng {2002-07-31 (2.6.2)} {
<li>Text files read by the COPY command can now have line terminators
    of LF,  CRLF, or CR.</li>
5146
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    }
    hd_resolve "</ol></p>\n"
    hd_resolve {
      <p>A [complete list of SQLite releases]
      in a single page and a [chronology] are both also available.  
      A detailed history of every
      check-in is available at
      <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">
      SQLite version control site</a>.</p>
    }
    hd_close_aux
    hd_enable_main 1
    if {$i==0 && [file exists $DEST/$filename]} {
      file copy -force $DEST/$filename $DEST/releaselog/current.html
    }
  }
}

</tcl>
</dl>







|












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    }
    hd_resolve "</ol></p>\n"
    hd_resolve {
      <p>A [complete list of SQLite releases]
      in a single page and a [chronology] are both also available.  
      A detailed history of every
      check-in is available at
      <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">
      SQLite version control site</a>.</p>
    }
    hd_close_aux
    hd_enable_main 1
    if {$i==0 && [file exists $DEST/$filename]} {
      file copy -force $DEST/$filename $DEST/releaselog/current.html
    }
  }
}

</tcl>
</dl>

Changes to pages/cintro.in.

421
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  <li> [sqlite3_value_int | sqlite3_value()] </li>
</ul></p>

<p>
  All of the built-in SQL functions of SQLite are created using exactly
  these same interfaces.  Refer to the SQLite source code, and in particular
  the 
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/date.c | date.c] and
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/func.c | func.c] source files
  for examples.
</p>

<p>
  Shared libraries or DLLs can be used as [loadable extensions] to SQLite.

<h1>Other Interfaces</h1>







|
|







421
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  <li> [sqlite3_value_int | sqlite3_value()] </li>
</ul></p>

<p>
  All of the built-in SQL functions of SQLite are created using exactly
  these same interfaces.  Refer to the SQLite source code, and in particular
  the 
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/date.c | date.c] and
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/func.c | func.c] source files
  for examples.
</p>

<p>
  Shared libraries or DLLs can be used as [loadable extensions] to SQLite.

<h1>Other Interfaces</h1>

Changes to pages/cli.in.

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<tclscript>DisplayCode {
sqlite> (((SELECT writefile('icon.jpg',img) FROM images WHERE name='icon';)))
}</tclscript>

<p>Note that the readfile(X) and writefile(X,Y) functions are extension
functions and are not built into the core SQLite library.  These routines
are available as a [loadable extension] in the
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=ext/misc/fileio.c|ext/misc/fileio.c]
source file in the [SQLite source code repositories].

<tcl>hd_fragment editfunc {edit() SQL function}</tcl>
<h2>The edit() SQL function</h2>

<p>The CLI has another build-in SQL function named edit().  Edit() takes
one or two arguments.  The first argument is a value - usually a large







|







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<tclscript>DisplayCode {
sqlite> (((SELECT writefile('icon.jpg',img) FROM images WHERE name='icon';)))
}</tclscript>

<p>Note that the readfile(X) and writefile(X,Y) functions are extension
functions and are not built into the core SQLite library.  These routines
are available as a [loadable extension] in the
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=ext/misc/fileio.c|ext/misc/fileio.c]
source file in the [SQLite source code repositories].

<tcl>hd_fragment editfunc {edit() SQL function}</tcl>
<h2>The edit() SQL function</h2>

<p>The CLI has another build-in SQL function named edit().  Edit() takes
one or two arguments.  The first argument is a value - usually a large
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pathname of the extension.

<p>SQLite computes the entry point for the extension based on the extension
filename.  To override this choice, simply add the name of the extension
as a second argument to the ".load" command.

<p>Source code for several useful extensions can be found in the
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/tree?name=ext/misc&ci=trunk">ext/misc</a>
subdirectory of the SQLite source tree.  You can use these extensions
as-is, or as a basis for creating your own custom extensions to address
your own particular needs.

<tcl>hd_fragment sha3sum {.sha3sum dot-command}</tcl>
<h1>Cryptographic Hashes Of Database Content</h1>








|







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pathname of the extension.

<p>SQLite computes the entry point for the extension based on the extension
filename.  To override this choice, simply add the name of the extension
as a second argument to the ".load" command.

<p>Source code for several useful extensions can be found in the
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/tree?name=ext/misc&ci=trunk">ext/misc</a>
subdirectory of the SQLite source tree.  You can use these extensions
as-is, or as a basis for creating your own custom extensions to address
your own particular needs.

<tcl>hd_fragment sha3sum {.sha3sum dot-command}</tcl>
<h1>Cryptographic Hashes Of Database Content</h1>

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         statistics can be expensive for large database tables. If the
         operation is too slow, try passing a smaller value for the --sample
         option.
</table>

<p>Th functionality described in this section may be integrated into other
applications or tools using the 
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/dir?ci=trunk&name=ext/expert">
SQLite expert extension</a> code.

<tcl>hd_fragment dotother</tcl>
<h1>Other Dot Commands</h1>

<p>There are many other dot-commands available in the command-line
shell.  See the ".help" command for a complete list for any particular







|







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1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
         statistics can be expensive for large database tables. If the
         operation is too slow, try passing a smaller value for the --sample
         option.
</table>

<p>Th functionality described in this section may be integrated into other
applications or tools using the 
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/dir?ci=trunk&name=ext/expert">
SQLite expert extension</a> code.

<tcl>hd_fragment dotother</tcl>
<h1>Other Dot Commands</h1>

<p>There are many other dot-commands available in the command-line
shell.  See the ".help" command for a complete list for any particular

Changes to pages/compile.in.

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1082
1083
1084
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1086
1087
1088
1089
COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG} {
  This option enables extra code (especially the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]
  option to [sqlite3_config()]) that can be used to create logs of all
  SQLite processing performed by an application.  These logs can be useful
  in doing off-line analysis of the behavior of an application, and especially
  for performance analysis.  In order for the SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG option to 
  be useful, some extra code is required.  The 
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_sqllog.c">"test_sqllog.c"</a>
  source code
  file in the SQLite source tree is a working example of the required extra
  code.  On unix and windows systems, a developer can append the text of the
  "test_sqllog.c" source code file to the end of an "sqlite3.c" amalgamation,
  recompile the application using the -DSQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG option, then 
  control logging using environment variables.  See the header comment on 
  the "test_sqllog.c" source file for additional detail.  







|







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COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG} {
  This option enables extra code (especially the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]
  option to [sqlite3_config()]) that can be used to create logs of all
  SQLite processing performed by an application.  These logs can be useful
  in doing off-line analysis of the behavior of an application, and especially
  for performance analysis.  In order for the SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG option to 
  be useful, some extra code is required.  The 
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_sqllog.c">"test_sqllog.c"</a>
  source code
  file in the SQLite source tree is a working example of the required extra
  code.  On unix and windows systems, a developer can append the text of the
  "test_sqllog.c" source code file to the end of an "sqlite3.c" amalgamation,
  recompile the application using the -DSQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG option, then 
  control logging using environment variables.  See the header comment on 
  the "test_sqllog.c" source file for additional detail.  
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  A single function declaration should contain no more than one of
  the following:  [SQLITE_APICALL], [SQLITE_CALLBACK], [SQLITE_CDECL],
  or [SQLITE_SYSCALL].
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_TCLAPI} {
  This macro specifies the calling convention used by the 
  [http://www.tcl.tk | TCL] library interface routines.
  This macro is not used by the SQLite core, but only by the [TCL Interface]
  and [TCL test suite].
  This macro is normally defined to be nothing,
  though on Windows builds it can sometimes be set to "__cdecl".  This
  macro is used on TCL library interface routines which are always compiled
  as __cdecl, even on platforms that prefer to use __stdcall, so this
  macro should not be set to __stdcall unless the platform as a custom







|







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  A single function declaration should contain no more than one of
  the following:  [SQLITE_APICALL], [SQLITE_CALLBACK], [SQLITE_CDECL],
  or [SQLITE_SYSCALL].
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_TCLAPI} {
  This macro specifies the calling convention used by the 
  [https://www.tcl.tk | TCL] library interface routines.
  This macro is not used by the SQLite core, but only by the [TCL Interface]
  and [TCL test suite].
  This macro is normally defined to be nothing,
  though on Windows builds it can sometimes be set to "__cdecl".  This
  macro is used on TCL library interface routines which are always compiled
  as __cdecl, even on platforms that prefer to use __stdcall, so this
  macro should not be set to __stdcall unless the platform as a custom

Changes to pages/dev.in.

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2
3
4
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7
8
9
<title>SQLite Developer Links</title>
<h1 align="center">Developer Resources</h1>

<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/wiki?name=Bug+Reports">Report A Bug</a>
<li> <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">Timeline</a>
<li> <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/dir">Browse Historical Source Files</a>
<li> <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/docsrc">Documentation Source Text</a>
</ul>




|
|
|
|

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<title>SQLite Developer Links</title>
<h1 align="center">Developer Resources</h1>

<ul>
<li> <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/wiki?name=Bug+Reports">Report A Bug</a>
<li> <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline">Timeline</a>
<li> <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/dir">Browse Historical Source Files</a>
<li> <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/docsrc">Documentation Source Text</a>
</ul>

Changes to pages/download.in.

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  [https://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html|change log] for
  more information.
}
Product {snapshot/sqlite-amalgamation-DATE.zip} {
  The [amalgamation]: complete source code a single "sqlite3.c" file.
}
#  The [amalgamation] as of VERSION.
#  See the <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending
#  change log</a> for details.
Product {snapshot/sqlite-amalgamation32k-DATE.zip} {
  The [amalgamation] split into 6 separate source files each with less
  than 32767 lines of code.
}
#  See the <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending
#  change log</a> for details.
#Product {snapshot/sqlite-tea-DATE.zip} {
#  This is a snapshot (as of VERSION) of the current SQLite code under 
#  development, packaged and ready to build using the
#  <a href="http://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/tea/">Tcl Extension Architecture (TEA)</a>.
#  Use this snapshot for testing only.  This is not a release.
#}
Product {snapshot/sqlite-uap-DATE.vsix} {
  VSIX package for Universal Windows Platform development using Visual Studio 2015 CTP.
}
Product {snapshot/sqlite-uwp-DATE.vsix} {
  VSIX package for Universal Windows Platform development using Visual Studio 2015 CTP.
}

Heading {Pre-release Windows DLLs} {} $Caution

Product snapshot/sqlite-dll-win32-x86-DATE.zip {
  A 32-bit Windows DLL as of VERSION.
  See the
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending change log</a>
  for details.
}
Product snapshot/sqlite-dll-win64-x64-DATE.zip {
  A 64-bit Windows DLL as of VERSION.
  See the
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending change log</a>
  for details.
}

Product {snapshot/sqlite-shell-win32-x86-DATE.zip} {
  This is a snapshot (as of VERSION) build of the 
  [CLI | sqlite3.exe command-line shell]
  shell program for 32-bit windows.







|





|




|














|





|







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  [https://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html|change log] for
  more information.
}
Product {snapshot/sqlite-amalgamation-DATE.zip} {
  The [amalgamation]: complete source code a single "sqlite3.c" file.
}
#  The [amalgamation] as of VERSION.
#  See the <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending
#  change log</a> for details.
Product {snapshot/sqlite-amalgamation32k-DATE.zip} {
  The [amalgamation] split into 6 separate source files each with less
  than 32767 lines of code.
}
#  See the <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending
#  change log</a> for details.
#Product {snapshot/sqlite-tea-DATE.zip} {
#  This is a snapshot (as of VERSION) of the current SQLite code under 
#  development, packaged and ready to build using the
#  <a href="https://www.tcl.tk/doc/tea/">Tcl Extension Architecture (TEA)</a>.
#  Use this snapshot for testing only.  This is not a release.
#}
Product {snapshot/sqlite-uap-DATE.vsix} {
  VSIX package for Universal Windows Platform development using Visual Studio 2015 CTP.
}
Product {snapshot/sqlite-uwp-DATE.vsix} {
  VSIX package for Universal Windows Platform development using Visual Studio 2015 CTP.
}

Heading {Pre-release Windows DLLs} {} $Caution

Product snapshot/sqlite-dll-win32-x86-DATE.zip {
  A 32-bit Windows DLL as of VERSION.
  See the
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending change log</a>
  for details.
}
Product snapshot/sqlite-dll-win64-x64-DATE.zip {
  A 64-bit Windows DLL as of VERSION.
  See the
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/draft/releaselog/current.html">pending change log</a>
  for details.
}

Product {snapshot/sqlite-shell-win32-x86-DATE.zip} {
  This is a snapshot (as of VERSION) build of the 
  [CLI | sqlite3.exe command-line shell]
  shell program for 32-bit windows.
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Product {YEAR/sqlite-amalgamation32k-VVV.zip} {
  C source code as the [split amalgamation], version VERSION.
}

Product {YEAR/sqlite-autoconf-VVV.tar.gz} {
  C source code as an [amalgamation].  Also includes a "configure" script
  and [http://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/tea/|TEA] makefiles for the [TCL Interface].
} {amalgtarball {amalgamation tarball}}


Product {YEAR/sqlite-tea-VVV.tar.gz} {
  A tarball of the [amalgamation] together with a
  <a href="http://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/tea/">Tcl Extension
  Architecture (TEA)</a>
  compatible configure script and makefile.
} {teatarball {TEA tarball}}

Heading {Documentation} docco

Product {YEAR/sqlite-doc-VVV.zip} {







|





|







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Product {YEAR/sqlite-amalgamation32k-VVV.zip} {
  C source code as the [split amalgamation], version VERSION.
}

Product {YEAR/sqlite-autoconf-VVV.tar.gz} {
  C source code as an [amalgamation].  Also includes a "configure" script
  and [https://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/tea/|TEA] makefiles for the [TCL Interface].
} {amalgtarball {amalgamation tarball}}


Product {YEAR/sqlite-tea-VVV.tar.gz} {
  A tarball of the [amalgamation] together with a
  <a href="https://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/tea/">Tcl Extension
  Architecture (TEA)</a>
  compatible configure script and makefile.
} {teatarball {TEA tarball}}

Heading {Documentation} docco

Product {YEAR/sqlite-doc-VVV.zip} {
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  2013.
}

if {$nDownload>$start} {
  hd_puts {<tr><td colspan="4"><b>Precompiled Binaries for .NET</b></td></tr>}
  hd_puts "<tr><td width=\"10\"></td>"
  hd_puts "<td valign=\"top\" align=\"right\">"
  set url http://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/doc/trunk/www/downloads.wiki
  hd_puts "<a href=\"$url\">System.Data.SQLite</a></td>"
  hd_puts "<td width=\"5\"></td>"
  hd_puts "<td valign=\"top\">"
  hd_puts "
    Visit the <a href=\"http://system.data.sqlite.org/\">System.Data.SQLite.org
    </a> website and especially the <a href=\"$url\">download page</a> for
    source code and binaries of SQLite for .NET.</td></tr>
  "
}

Heading {Alternative Source Code Formats} old








|




|







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  2013.
}

if {$nDownload>$start} {
  hd_puts {<tr><td colspan="4"><b>Precompiled Binaries for .NET</b></td></tr>}
  hd_puts "<tr><td width=\"10\"></td>"
  hd_puts "<td valign=\"top\" align=\"right\">"
  set url https://system.data.sqlite.org/index.html/doc/trunk/www/downloads.wiki
  hd_puts "<a href=\"$url\">System.Data.SQLite</a></td>"
  hd_puts "<td width=\"5\"></td>"
  hd_puts "<td valign=\"top\">"
  hd_puts "
    Visit the <a href=\"https://system.data.sqlite.org/\">System.Data.SQLite.org
    </a> website and especially the <a href=\"$url\">download page</a> for
    source code and binaries of SQLite for .NET.</td></tr>
  "
}

Heading {Alternative Source Code Formats} old

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<a name="fossil"></a>
<tcl>hd_fragment srctree {SQLite source code repositories} {code repositories}</tcl>
<h3>Source Code Repositories</h3>

<p>
The SQLite source code is maintained in three geographically-dispersed
self-synchronizing
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] repositories that are
available for anonymous read-only access.  Anyone can 
view the repository contents and download historical versions
of individual files or ZIP archives of historical check-ins.
You can also [clone the entire repository].</p>

<p>See the [How To Compile SQLite] page for additional information
on how to use the raw SQLite source code.
Note that a recent version of <a href="http://www.tcl-lang.org/">Tcl</a>
is required in order to build from the repository sources. 
The [amalgamation] source code files
(the "sqlite3.c" and "sqlite3.h" files) build products and are
not contained in raw source code tree.</p>

<blockquote>
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src">https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src</a> (Dallas)<br>
<a href="https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/src">https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/src</a> (Newark)<br>
<a href="https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/src">https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/src</a> (San Francisco)<br>
</blockquote>

<p>The documentation is maintained in separate
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] repositories located
at:</p>

<blockquote>
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc">https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc</a> (Dallas)<br>
<a href="https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc">https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc</a> (Newark)<br>
<a href="https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc">https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc</a> (San Francisco)<br>
</blockquote>







|







|












|







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<a name="fossil"></a>
<tcl>hd_fragment srctree {SQLite source code repositories} {code repositories}</tcl>
<h3>Source Code Repositories</h3>

<p>
The SQLite source code is maintained in three geographically-dispersed
self-synchronizing
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] repositories that are
available for anonymous read-only access.  Anyone can 
view the repository contents and download historical versions
of individual files or ZIP archives of historical check-ins.
You can also [clone the entire repository].</p>

<p>See the [How To Compile SQLite] page for additional information
on how to use the raw SQLite source code.
Note that a recent version of <a href="https://www.tcl.tk/">Tcl</a>
is required in order to build from the repository sources. 
The [amalgamation] source code files
(the "sqlite3.c" and "sqlite3.h" files) build products and are
not contained in raw source code tree.</p>

<blockquote>
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src">https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src</a> (Dallas)<br>
<a href="https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/src">https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/src</a> (Newark)<br>
<a href="https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/src">https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/src</a> (San Francisco)<br>
</blockquote>

<p>The documentation is maintained in separate
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] repositories located
at:</p>

<blockquote>
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc">https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc</a> (Dallas)<br>
<a href="https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc">https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc</a> (Newark)<br>
<a href="https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc">https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc</a> (San Francisco)<br>
</blockquote>

Changes to pages/famous.in.

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}
famous_user skype http://www.skype.com/ skype.gif {
  There are 
  [http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users%40sqlite.org/msg27326.html | multiple]
  [http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users%40sqlite.org/msg27332.html|sightings]
  of SQLite in the Skype client for Mac OS X and Windows.
}
famous_user tcl http://www.tcl-lang.org/ tcl.gif {
  The Tcl/Tk programming language now comes with SQLite built-in.  SQLite works
  particularly well with Tcl since SQLite was originally a Tcl extension that
  subsequently "escaped" into the wild.
}
famous_user loc http://www.loc.gov/ loc.jpg {
  The United States Library of Congress recognizes SQLite as a
  [recommended storage format] for preservation of digital content.







|







137
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}
famous_user skype http://www.skype.com/ skype.gif {
  There are 
  [http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users%40sqlite.org/msg27326.html | multiple]
  [http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users%40sqlite.org/msg27332.html|sightings]
  of SQLite in the Skype client for Mac OS X and Windows.
}
famous_user tcl https://www.tcl.tk/ tcl.gif {
  The Tcl/Tk programming language now comes with SQLite built-in.  SQLite works
  particularly well with Tcl since SQLite was originally a Tcl extension that
  subsequently "escaped" into the wild.
}
famous_user loc http://www.loc.gov/ loc.jpg {
  The United States Library of Congress recognizes SQLite as a
  [recommended storage format] for preservation of digital content.

Changes to pages/faq.in.

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  <tt>column1=column1</tt> which is obviously always true.
}

faq {
  How are the syntax diagrams (a.k.a. "railroad" diagrams) for
  SQLite generated?
} {
  The process is explained at [http://wiki.tcl-lang.org/21708].
}

faq {
  The SQL standard requires that a UNIQUE constraint be enforced even if
  one or more of the columns in the constraint are NULL, but SQLite does
  not do this.  Isn't that a bug?
} {







|







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  <tt>column1=column1</tt> which is obviously always true.
}

faq {
  How are the syntax diagrams (a.k.a. "railroad" diagrams) for
  SQLite generated?
} {
  The process is explained at [http://wiki.tcl.tk/21708].
}

faq {
  The SQL standard requires that a UNIQUE constraint be enforced even if
  one or more of the columns in the constraint are NULL, but SQLite does
  not do this.  Isn't that a bug?
} {

Changes to pages/fileformat2.in.

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can be set by the [PRAGMA application_id] command in order to identify the
database as belonging to or associated with a particular application.
The application ID is intended for database files used as an
[application file-format].  The application ID can be used by utilities 
such as [http://www.darwinsys.com/file/ | file(1)] to determine the specific
file type rather than just reporting "SQLite3 Database".  A list of
assigned application IDs can be seen by consulting the
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=magic.txt|magic.txt]
file in the SQLite source repository.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment validfor {version-valid-for number}</tcl>
<h3>Write library version number and version-valid-for number</h3>

<p>^The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 96 stores the 
[SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] value for the SQLite library that most







|







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can be set by the [PRAGMA application_id] command in order to identify the
database as belonging to or associated with a particular application.
The application ID is intended for database files used as an
[application file-format].  The application ID can be used by utilities 
such as [http://www.darwinsys.com/file/ | file(1)] to determine the specific
file type rather than just reporting "SQLite3 Database".  A list of
assigned application IDs can be seen by consulting the
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=magic.txt|magic.txt]
file in the SQLite source repository.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment validfor {version-valid-for number}</tcl>
<h3>Write library version number and version-valid-for number</h3>

<p>^The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 96 stores the 
[SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] value for the SQLite library that most

Changes to pages/fts3.in.

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       of references etc.). These values can be stored by the application
       in a separate table that can be joined against the documents table
       in the sub-query so that the rank function may access them.
</ol>

<p>
  This version of the query is very similar to that used by the 
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/search?q=fts3">sqlite.org documentation search</a> 
  application.

<codeblock>
  <i>-- This table stores the static weight assigned to each document in FTS table</i>
  <i>-- "documents". For each row in the documents table there is a corresponding row</i>
  <i>-- with the same docid value in this table.</i>
  CREATE TABLE documents_data(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, weight);







|







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       of references etc.). These values can be stored by the application
       in a separate table that can be joined against the documents table
       in the sub-query so that the rank function may access them.
</ol>

<p>
  This version of the query is very similar to that used by the 
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/search?q=fts3">sqlite.org documentation search</a> 
  application.

<codeblock>
  <i>-- This table stores the static weight assigned to each document in FTS table</i>
  <i>-- "documents". For each row in the documents table there is a corresponding row</i>
  <i>-- with the same docid value in this table.</i>
  CREATE TABLE documents_data(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, weight);

Changes to pages/fts5.in.

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FTS5 table. This shadow table is not present for 
[FTS5 contentless tables | contentless] or 
[FTS5 external content tables|external content] FTS5 tables.
<tr><td>&lt;name&gt;_docsize<td> Contains the size of each column of each
row in the virtual table in tokens. This shadow table is not present if 
the [FTS5 columnsize option|"columnsize" option] is set to 0.
</table>











<
<
<
<
1966
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1969
1970
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1972




FTS5 table. This shadow table is not present for 
[FTS5 contentless tables | contentless] or 
[FTS5 external content tables|external content] FTS5 tables.
<tr><td>&lt;name&gt;_docsize<td> Contains the size of each column of each
row in the virtual table in tokens. This shadow table is not present if 
the [FTS5 columnsize option|"columnsize" option] is set to 0.
</table>




Changes to pages/getthecode.in.

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36
Even if the specific version desired is not listed on the download page,
the naming conventions are fairly clear and so programmers can often
guess the name of an historical release and download it that way.

<h1>Obtaining Code Directly From the Version Control System</h1>

<p>For any historical version of SQLite, the source tree can be obtained
from the [http://www.fossil-scm.org/|Fossil] version control system,
either downloading a tarball or ZIP archive for a specific version, or
by cloning the entire project history.

<p>SQLite sources are maintained on three geographically dispersed
servers:

<blockquote>







|







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23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Even if the specific version desired is not listed on the download page,
the naming conventions are fairly clear and so programmers can often
guess the name of an historical release and download it that way.

<h1>Obtaining Code Directly From the Version Control System</h1>

<p>For any historical version of SQLite, the source tree can be obtained
from the [https://www.fossil-scm.org/|Fossil] version control system,
either downloading a tarball or ZIP archive for a specific version, or
by cloning the entire project history.

<p>SQLite sources are maintained on three geographically dispersed
servers:

<blockquote>
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47
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50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
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[https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc] (Dallas)<br>
[https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc] (Newark)<br>
[https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc] (San Francisco)<br>
</blockquote>

<p>To download a specific historical version, first locate the specific
version desired by visiting the timeline page on one of these servers
(for example: [http://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src/timeline]).  If
you know the approximate date of the version you want to download, you
can add a query parameter like "c=YYYY-MM-DD" to the "timeline" URL to
see a timeline centered on that date.  For example, to see all the check-ins
that occurred around August 26, 2013, visit
[http://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src/timeline?c=2013-08-26].
If you are looking for an official release, visit the
[chronology] page, click on the date to the left of the release
you are looking for, and that will take you immediately to the
check-in corresponding to the release.

<p>Once you locate a specific version, click on the hyperlink for that
version to see the "Check-in Information Page".
Then click on either the "Tarball" link or the
"ZIP archive" link to download the complete source tree.

<tcl>hd_fragment {clone} {clone the entire repository}</tcl>
<h1>Cloning The Complete Development History</h1>

<p>To clone the entire history of SQLite, first go to the
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/download.html] page and grab a precompiled binary
for the Fossil version control program.  Or get the source code on the
same page and compile it yourself.

<p>As of 2017-03-12, you must use Fossil version
2.0 or later for the following instructions to work.  
The SQLite repository started using
artifacts named using SHA3 hashes instead of SHA1 hashes on that date,
and Fossil 2.0 or later is needed in order to understand the new SHA3
hashes.  To find out what version of Fossil you are running, 
type "fossil -v".</p>

<p>Fossil is a completely stand-alone
program, so install it simply by putting the "fossil" or "fossil.exe"
executable someplace on your $PATH or %PATH%.  After you have Fossil
installed, do this:

<codeblock>
fossil clone http://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src sqlite.fossil
</codeblock>

<p>The command above
will make a copy of the complete development history of
SQLite into the "sqlite.fossil" file on your computer.  Making this copy
takes about a minute and uses about 32 megabytes of transfer.  After
making the copy, "open" the repository by typing:







|




|














|

















|







46
47
48
49
50
51
52
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94
95
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97
98
[https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc] (Dallas)<br>
[https://www2.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc] (Newark)<br>
[https://www3.sqlite.org/cgi/docsrc] (San Francisco)<br>
</blockquote>

<p>To download a specific historical version, first locate the specific
version desired by visiting the timeline page on one of these servers
(for example: [https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src/timeline]).  If
you know the approximate date of the version you want to download, you
can add a query parameter like "c=YYYY-MM-DD" to the "timeline" URL to
see a timeline centered on that date.  For example, to see all the check-ins
that occurred around August 26, 2013, visit
[https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src/timeline?c=2013-08-26].
If you are looking for an official release, visit the
[chronology] page, click on the date to the left of the release
you are looking for, and that will take you immediately to the
check-in corresponding to the release.

<p>Once you locate a specific version, click on the hyperlink for that
version to see the "Check-in Information Page".
Then click on either the "Tarball" link or the
"ZIP archive" link to download the complete source tree.

<tcl>hd_fragment {clone} {clone the entire repository}</tcl>
<h1>Cloning The Complete Development History</h1>

<p>To clone the entire history of SQLite, first go to the
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/download.html] page and grab a precompiled binary
for the Fossil version control program.  Or get the source code on the
same page and compile it yourself.

<p>As of 2017-03-12, you must use Fossil version
2.0 or later for the following instructions to work.  
The SQLite repository started using
artifacts named using SHA3 hashes instead of SHA1 hashes on that date,
and Fossil 2.0 or later is needed in order to understand the new SHA3
hashes.  To find out what version of Fossil you are running, 
type "fossil -v".</p>

<p>Fossil is a completely stand-alone
program, so install it simply by putting the "fossil" or "fossil.exe"
executable someplace on your $PATH or %PATH%.  After you have Fossil
installed, do this:

<codeblock>
fossil clone https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src sqlite.fossil
</codeblock>

<p>The command above
will make a copy of the complete development history of
SQLite into the "sqlite.fossil" file on your computer.  Making this copy
takes about a minute and uses about 32 megabytes of transfer.  After
making the copy, "open" the repository by typing:
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</codeblock>

<p>Where VERSION can be a branch name (like "trunk" or "session") to get the
latest check-in on a specific branch, or VERSION can be a SHA1 hash or a
prefix of a SHA1 hash for a specific check-in, or VERSION can be a tag
such as "version-3.8.8".  Every time you run "fossil update" it will
automatically reach out to the original repository at
http://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src to obtain new check-ins that might have been
made by others since your previous update.







|

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</codeblock>

<p>Where VERSION can be a branch name (like "trunk" or "session") to get the
latest check-in on a specific branch, or VERSION can be a SHA1 hash or a
prefix of a SHA1 hash for a specific check-in, or VERSION can be a tag
such as "version-3.8.8".  Every time you run "fossil update" it will
automatically reach out to the original repository at
https://www.sqlite.org/cgi/src to obtain new check-ins that might have been
made by others since your previous update.

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<h1>Compiling The TCL Interface</h1>

<p>The TCL interface for SQLite is a small module that is added into
the regular amalgamation.  The result is a new amalgamated source
file called "<b>tclsqlite3.c</b>".  This single source file is all that
is needed to generate a shared library that can be loaded into a
standard 
[http://wiki.tcl-lang.org/2541 | tclsh] or 
[http://wiki.tcl-lang.org/2364 | wish] using the 
[http://wiki.tcl-lang.org/9830 | TCL load command], or to generate a
standalone tclsh that comes with SQLite built in.
A copy of the tcl amalgamation
is included on the [download page] as a file in the [TEA tarball].</p>

<p>To generate a TCL-loadable library for SQLite on Linux, the following
command will suffice:</p>








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<h1>Compiling The TCL Interface</h1>

<p>The TCL interface for SQLite is a small module that is added into
the regular amalgamation.  The result is a new amalgamated source
file called "<b>tclsqlite3.c</b>".  This single source file is all that
is needed to generate a shared library that can be loaded into a
standard 
[https://wiki.tcl.tk/2541 | tclsh] or 
[https://wiki.tcl.tk/2364 | wish] using the 
[https://wiki.tcl.tk/9830 | TCL load command], or to generate a
standalone tclsh that comes with SQLite built in.
A copy of the tcl amalgamation
is included on the [download page] as a file in the [TEA tarball].</p>

<p>To generate a TCL-loadable library for SQLite on Linux, the following
command will suffice:</p>

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</ul>

<p>To build a custom amalgamation, first download the original individual
source files onto a unix or unix-like development platform.  
Be sure to get the original source
files not the "preprocessed source files".  One can obtain the complete
set of original source files either from the [download page] or directly
from the [http://www.sqlite.org/src | configuration management system].</p>

<p>Suppose the SQLite source tree is stored in a directory named "sqlite".
Plan to construct the amalgamation in a parallel directory named (for
example) "bld".  First construct an appropriate Makefile by either
running the configure script at the top of the SQLite source tree, or by
making a copy of one of the template Makefiles at the top of the source tree.
Then hand edit this Makefile to include the desired compile-time options.







|







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</ul>

<p>To build a custom amalgamation, first download the original individual
source files onto a unix or unix-like development platform.  
Be sure to get the original source
files not the "preprocessed source files".  One can obtain the complete
set of original source files either from the [download page] or directly
from the [https://www.sqlite.org/src | configuration management system].</p>

<p>Suppose the SQLite source tree is stored in a directory named "sqlite".
Plan to construct the amalgamation in a parallel directory named (for
example) "bld".  First construct an appropriate Makefile by either
running the configure script at the top of the SQLite source tree, or by
making a copy of one of the template Makefiles at the top of the source tree.
Then hand edit this Makefile to include the desired compile-time options.
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<tcl>hd_fragment {dll} {building a DLL}</tcl>
<h1>Building A Windows DLL</h1>

<p>To build a DLL of SQLite for use in Windows, first acquire the
appropriate amalgamated source code files, sqlite3.c and sqlite3.h.  
These can either
be downloaded from the [http://www.sqlite.org/download.html | SQLite website]
or custom generated from sources as shown above.</p>

<p>With source code files in the working directory, a DLL
can be generated using MSVC with the following command:

<blockquote><pre>
cl sqlite3.c -link -dll -out:sqlite3.dll







|







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<tcl>hd_fragment {dll} {building a DLL}</tcl>
<h1>Building A Windows DLL</h1>

<p>To build a DLL of SQLite for use in Windows, first acquire the
appropriate amalgamated source code files, sqlite3.c and sqlite3.h.  
These can either
be downloaded from the [https://www.sqlite.org/download.html | SQLite website]
or custom generated from sources as shown above.</p>

<p>With source code files in the working directory, a DLL
can be generated using MSVC with the following command:

<blockquote><pre>
cl sqlite3.c -link -dll -out:sqlite3.dll

Changes to pages/howtocorrupt.in.

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old file descriptor, not realizing that the original file had been closed
already.  But because the file descriptor had been reopened by SQLite,
the information that was intended to go into the original file ended up
overwriting parts of the SQLite database, leading to corruption of the
database.</p>

<p>One example of this occurred circa 2013-08-30 on the canonical repository
for the <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil DVCS</a>.  In that event,
file descriptor 2 (standard error) was being erroneously closed (by
[http://www.stunnel.org/|stunnel], we suspect) prior to 
[sqlite3_open_v2()] so that the file descriptor used for the
repository database file was 2.  Later, an application 
bug caused an assert() statement to emit
an error message by invoking write(2,...).  But since file descriptor 2 was 
now connected to a database file, the error message







|







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old file descriptor, not realizing that the original file had been closed
already.  But because the file descriptor had been reopened by SQLite,
the information that was intended to go into the original file ended up
overwriting parts of the SQLite database, leading to corruption of the
database.</p>

<p>One example of this occurred circa 2013-08-30 on the canonical repository
for the <a href="https://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil DVCS</a>.  In that event,
file descriptor 2 (standard error) was being erroneously closed (by
[http://www.stunnel.org/|stunnel], we suspect) prior to 
[sqlite3_open_v2()] so that the file descriptor used for the
repository database file was 2.  Later, an application 
bug caused an assert() statement to emit
an error message by invoking write(2,...).  But since file descriptor 2 was 
now connected to a database file, the error message
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<tcl>hd_fragment fscorruption {filesystem corruption}</tcl>
<h2> Filesystem Corruption</h2>

<p>Since SQLite databases are ordinary disk files, any malfunction in the
filesystem can corrupt the database.  Filesystems in modern operating systems
are very reliable, but errors do still occur.  For example, on 2013-10-01
the SQLite database that holds the
<a href="http://wiki.tcl-lang.org/">Wiki for Tcl/Tk</a> went corrupt a few days
after the host computer was moved to a dodgy build of the (linux) kernel
that had issues in the filesystem layer.  In that event, the filesystem
eventually became so badly corrupted that the machine was unusable, but
the earliest symptom of trouble was the corrupted SQLite database.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment cfgerr cfgerrors*</tcl>
<h1>SQLite Configuration Errors</h1>







|







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<tcl>hd_fragment fscorruption {filesystem corruption}</tcl>
<h2> Filesystem Corruption</h2>

<p>Since SQLite databases are ordinary disk files, any malfunction in the
filesystem can corrupt the database.  Filesystems in modern operating systems
are very reliable, but errors do still occur.  For example, on 2013-10-01
the SQLite database that holds the
<a href="http://wiki.tcl.tk/">Wiki for Tcl/Tk</a> went corrupt a few days
after the host computer was moved to a dodgy build of the (linux) kernel
that had issues in the filesystem layer.  In that event, the filesystem
eventually became so badly corrupted that the machine was unusable, but
the earliest symptom of trouble was the corrupted SQLite database.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment cfgerr cfgerrors*</tcl>
<h1>SQLite Configuration Errors</h1>

Changes to pages/lang.in.

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</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><b>$</b><i>AAAA</i></td><td width="20"></td>
<td>^A dollar-sign followed by an identifier name also holds a spot for a named
parameter with the name $AAAA.  ^(The identifier name in this case can include
one or more occurrences of "::" and a suffix enclosed in "(...)" containing
any text at all.)^  This syntax is the form of a variable name in the
[http://www.tcl-lang.org/ | Tcl programming language].  The presence
of this syntax results from the fact that SQLite is really a 
[Tcl extension] that has escaped into the wild.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</blockquote>

<p>^Parameters that are not assigned values using







|







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</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="top"><b>$</b><i>AAAA</i></td><td width="20"></td>
<td>^A dollar-sign followed by an identifier name also holds a spot for a named
parameter with the name $AAAA.  ^(The identifier name in this case can include
one or more occurrences of "::" and a suffix enclosed in "(...)" containing
any text at all.)^  This syntax is the form of a variable name in the
[https://www.tcl.tk/ | Tcl programming language].  The presence
of this syntax results from the fact that SQLite is really a 
[Tcl extension] that has escaped into the wild.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</blockquote>

<p>^Parameters that are not assigned values using
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child checkin is no less than the mtime of all its parents.  But
unlike the earlier examples, this graph might have multiple paths of
differing lengths between any two checkins.

<p>We want to know the twenty most recent ancestors in time (out of
the thousands and thousands of ancestors in the whole DAG) for
checkin "@BASELINE".  (A query similar to this is used
by the <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil</a> VCS to
show the N most recent ancestors of a check.  For example:
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?p=trunk&n=30">http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?p=trunk&n=30</a>.)

<blockquote><pre>
WITH RECURSIVE
  ancestor(id,mtime) AS (
    SELECT id, mtime FROM checkin WHERE id=@BASELINE
    UNION
    SELECT derivedfrom.xfrom, checkin.mtime







|

|







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child checkin is no less than the mtime of all its parents.  But
unlike the earlier examples, this graph might have multiple paths of
differing lengths between any two checkins.

<p>We want to know the twenty most recent ancestors in time (out of
the thousands and thousands of ancestors in the whole DAG) for
checkin "@BASELINE".  (A query similar to this is used
by the <a href="https://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil</a> VCS to
show the N most recent ancestors of a check.  For example:
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?p=trunk&n=30">https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?p=trunk&n=30</a>.)

<blockquote><pre>
WITH RECURSIVE
  ancestor(id,mtime) AS (
    SELECT id, mtime FROM checkin WHERE id=@BASELINE
    UNION
    SELECT derivedfrom.xfrom, checkin.mtime

Changes to pages/lockingv3.in.

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of SQLite version 3.
</p>

<tcl>HEADING 1 {Overview} overview</tcl>

<p>
Locking and concurrency control are handled by the 
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/pager.c">
pager module</a>.
The pager module is responsible for making SQLite "ACID" (Atomic,
Consistent, Isolated, and Durable).  The pager module makes sure changes
happen all at once, that either all changes occur or none of them do,
that two or more processes do not try to access the database
in incompatible ways at the same time, and that once changes have been
written they persist until explicitly deleted.  The pager also provides
a memory cache of some of the contents of the disk file.</p>

<p>The pager is unconcerned
with the details of B-Trees, text encodings, indices, and so forth.
From the point of view of the pager the database consists of
a single file of uniform-sized blocks.  Each block is called a
"page" and is usually 1024 bytes in size.   The pages are numbered
beginning with 1.  So the first 1024 bytes of the database are called
"page 1" and the second 1024 bytes are call "page 2" and so forth. All 
other encoding details are handled by higher layers of the library.  
The pager communicates with the operating system using one of several
modules 
(Examples:
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/os_unix.c">
os_unix.c</a>,
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/os_win.c">
os_win.c</a>)
that provides a uniform abstraction for operating system services.
</p>

<p>The pager module effectively controls access for separate threads, or
separate processes, or both.  Throughout this document whenever the
word "process" is written you may substitute the word "thread" without







|




















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of SQLite version 3.
</p>

<tcl>HEADING 1 {Overview} overview</tcl>

<p>
Locking and concurrency control are handled by the 
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/pager.c">
pager module</a>.
The pager module is responsible for making SQLite "ACID" (Atomic,
Consistent, Isolated, and Durable).  The pager module makes sure changes
happen all at once, that either all changes occur or none of them do,
that two or more processes do not try to access the database
in incompatible ways at the same time, and that once changes have been
written they persist until explicitly deleted.  The pager also provides
a memory cache of some of the contents of the disk file.</p>

<p>The pager is unconcerned
with the details of B-Trees, text encodings, indices, and so forth.
From the point of view of the pager the database consists of
a single file of uniform-sized blocks.  Each block is called a
"page" and is usually 1024 bytes in size.   The pages are numbered
beginning with 1.  So the first 1024 bytes of the database are called
"page 1" and the second 1024 bytes are call "page 2" and so forth. All 
other encoding details are handled by higher layers of the library.  
The pager communicates with the operating system using one of several
modules 
(Examples:
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/os_unix.c">
os_unix.c</a>,
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/os_win.c">
os_win.c</a>)
that provides a uniform abstraction for operating system services.
</p>

<p>The pager module effectively controls access for separate threads, or
separate processes, or both.  Throughout this document whenever the
word "process" is written you may substitute the word "thread" without

Changes to pages/news.in.

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        {<a href="releaselog/\2_\3_\4_\5.html">\0</a>} title]} {
    regsub -all {(Version) (\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)} $title \
      {<a href="releaselog/\2_\3_\4.html">\0</a>} title
  }
  hd_puts "<h3>$date - $title</h3>"
  regsub -all "\n( *\n)+" $text "</p>\n\n<p>" txt
  regsub -all {[Tt]icket #(\d+)} $txt \
      {<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=\1">\0</a>} txt
  hd_resolve "<blockquote>$txt</blockquote>"
  hd_puts "<hr width=\"50%\">"
}

newsitem {2018-06-04} {Release 3.24.0} {
SQLite [version 3.24.0] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
Highlights of this release include support for PostgreSQL-style







|







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        {<a href="releaselog/\2_\3_\4_\5.html">\0</a>} title]} {
    regsub -all {(Version) (\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)} $title \
      {<a href="releaselog/\2_\3_\4.html">\0</a>} title
  }
  hd_puts "<h3>$date - $title</h3>"
  regsub -all "\n( *\n)+" $text "</p>\n\n<p>" txt
  regsub -all {[Tt]icket #(\d+)} $txt \
      {<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=\1">\0</a>} txt
  hd_resolve "<blockquote>$txt</blockquote>"
  hd_puts "<hr width=\"50%\">"
}

newsitem {2018-06-04} {Release 3.24.0} {
SQLite [version 3.24.0] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
Highlights of this release include support for PostgreSQL-style

Changes to pages/oldnews.in.

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<p>This release contains the usual assortment of obscure bug fixes.
   One bug, however, deserves special attention.
   A problem appeared in the [CREATE INDEX] command beginning with
   [version 3.8.2] (2013-12-06) that allowed, under some circumstances,
   a UNIQUE index to be created on a column that was not unique.  Once
   the index was created, no new non-unique entries could be inserted, but
   preexisting non-unique entries would remain.  See ticket
   [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/9a6daf340df99ba93c|9a6daf340df99ba93c]
   for further information.  In addition to fixing this bug, the
   [PRAGMA integrity_check] command has been enhanced to detect
   non-uniqueness in UNIQUE indices, so that if this bug did introduce
   any problems in databases, those problems can be easily detected.

<p>Other noteworthy changes include the addition of support for
   [hexadecimal integers] (ex: 0x1234), and performance enhancements
   to the [IN operator] which, according to 
   [http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users%40sqlite.org/msg85350.html|mailing list reports],
   help some queries run up to five times faster.

<p>Version 3.8.6 uses 25% fewer CPU cycles than version 3.8.0 from
   approximately one year ago, according to [http://valgrind.org/|valgrind]
   and the
   [http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/d29c8048beb7e|test/speedtest1.c]
   test program.
   On the other hand,
   the compiled binary for version 3.8.6 is about 5% larger than 3.8.0.
   The size increase is 
   due in part to the addition of new features such as [WITHOUT ROWID]
   tables and [common table expressions].
}







|














|







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<p>This release contains the usual assortment of obscure bug fixes.
   One bug, however, deserves special attention.
   A problem appeared in the [CREATE INDEX] command beginning with
   [version 3.8.2] (2013-12-06) that allowed, under some circumstances,
   a UNIQUE index to be created on a column that was not unique.  Once
   the index was created, no new non-unique entries could be inserted, but
   preexisting non-unique entries would remain.  See ticket
   [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/9a6daf340df99ba93c|9a6daf340df99ba93c]
   for further information.  In addition to fixing this bug, the
   [PRAGMA integrity_check] command has been enhanced to detect
   non-uniqueness in UNIQUE indices, so that if this bug did introduce
   any problems in databases, those problems can be easily detected.

<p>Other noteworthy changes include the addition of support for
   [hexadecimal integers] (ex: 0x1234), and performance enhancements
   to the [IN operator] which, according to 
   [http://www.mail-archive.com/sqlite-users%40sqlite.org/msg85350.html|mailing list reports],
   help some queries run up to five times faster.

<p>Version 3.8.6 uses 25% fewer CPU cycles than version 3.8.0 from
   approximately one year ago, according to [http://valgrind.org/|valgrind]
   and the
   [https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/d29c8048beb7e|test/speedtest1.c]
   test program.
   On the other hand,
   the compiled binary for version 3.8.6 is about 5% larger than 3.8.0.
   The size increase is 
   due in part to the addition of new features such as [WITHOUT ROWID]
   tables and [common table expressions].
}
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   the change log for details.
}

newsitem {2014-04-03} {Release 3.8.4.3} {
<p>The optimizations added in [version 3.8.4] caused some queries that involve
   subqueries in the FROM clause, DISTINCT, and ORDER BY clauses, to give an incorrect
   result.  See
   [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/98825a79ce145686392d8074032ae54863aa21a3| ticket 98825a79ce145]
   for details.
   This release adds a 
   [http://www.sqlite.org/src/fdiff?sbs=1&v1=7d539cedb1c&v2=ebad891b7494d&smhdr|one-character change]
   to a single line of code to fix the problem.
}

newsitem {2014-03-26} {Release 3.8.4.2} {
<p>The code changes that resulted in the performance improvements
   in [version 3.8.4] missed a single buffer overflow test, which could
   result in a read past the end of a buffer while searching a database
   that is corrupted in a particular way.  [Version 3.8.4.2] fixes that
   problem using a
   [http://www.sqlite.org/src/fdiff?v1=e45e3f9daf38c5be&v2=714df4e1c82f629d&sbs=1|one-line patch].

<p>We are not aware of any problems in [version 3.8.4]
   when working with well-formed database files.  The problem fixed by this
   release only comes up when reading corrupt database files.
}

newsitem {2014-03-11} {Release 3.8.4.1} {







|


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   the change log for details.
}

newsitem {2014-04-03} {Release 3.8.4.3} {
<p>The optimizations added in [version 3.8.4] caused some queries that involve
   subqueries in the FROM clause, DISTINCT, and ORDER BY clauses, to give an incorrect
   result.  See
   [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/98825a79ce145686392d8074032ae54863aa21a3| ticket 98825a79ce145]
   for details.
   This release adds a 
   [https://www.sqlite.org/src/fdiff?sbs=1&v1=7d539cedb1c&v2=ebad891b7494d&smhdr|one-character change]
   to a single line of code to fix the problem.
}

newsitem {2014-03-26} {Release 3.8.4.2} {
<p>The code changes that resulted in the performance improvements
   in [version 3.8.4] missed a single buffer overflow test, which could
   result in a read past the end of a buffer while searching a database
   that is corrupted in a particular way.  [Version 3.8.4.2] fixes that
   problem using a
   [https://www.sqlite.org/src/fdiff?v1=e45e3f9daf38c5be&v2=714df4e1c82f629d&sbs=1|one-line patch].

<p>We are not aware of any problems in [version 3.8.4]
   when working with well-formed database files.  The problem fixed by this
   release only comes up when reading corrupt database files.
}

newsitem {2014-03-11} {Release 3.8.4.1} {
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   </blockquote>
   Where all of expr1 through exprN are suitable for use by indexes,
   then during query planning SQLite might mistakenly converted
   the "column IS NOT NULL" term into "column>NULL".  But the latter
   term is never true, and so the query would return no rows.

<p>The trouble ticket for this bug is
   &#91;[http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c86b126f2|4c86b126f2]&#93;.
   It is recommended that all users upgrade to avoid this problem.
}

newsitem {2014-02-03} {Release 3.8.3} {
  <p>SQLite [version 3.8.3] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
  Upgrading from the previous release is optional.








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   </blockquote>
   Where all of expr1 through exprN are suitable for use by indexes,
   then during query planning SQLite might mistakenly converted
   the "column IS NOT NULL" term into "column>NULL".  But the latter
   term is never true, and so the query would return no rows.

<p>The trouble ticket for this bug is
   &#91;[https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/4c86b126f2|4c86b126f2]&#93;.
   It is recommended that all users upgrade to avoid this problem.
}

newsitem {2014-02-03} {Release 3.8.3} {
  <p>SQLite [version 3.8.3] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
  Upgrading from the previous release is optional.

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  CPU load.
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newsitem {2013-10-17} {Release 3.8.1} {
  <p>SQLite [version 3.8.1] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
  Upgrading from the previous release is optional, though you should upgrade
  if you are using [partial indices] as there was a 
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a5c8ed66ca|bug] related to partial
  indices in the previous release that could result in an incorrect answer
  for count(*) queries.

  <p>The [next generation query planner] that was premiered in the previous
  release continues to work well.  
  The new query planner has been tweaked slightly
  in the current release to help it make better decisions in some







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  CPU load.
}

newsitem {2013-10-17} {Release 3.8.1} {
  <p>SQLite [version 3.8.1] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
  Upgrading from the previous release is optional, though you should upgrade
  if you are using [partial indices] as there was a 
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a5c8ed66ca|bug] related to partial
  indices in the previous release that could result in an incorrect answer
  for count(*) queries.

  <p>The [next generation query planner] that was premiered in the previous
  release continues to work well.  
  The new query planner has been tweaked slightly
  in the current release to help it make better decisions in some
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  all users are encouraged to upgrade when possible.
}

newsitem {2013-04-12} {Release 3.7.16.2} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.16.2] fixes a long-standing flaw in the Windows
  OS interface that
  can result in database corruption under a rare race condition.
  See [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7ff3120e4f] for a full description
  of the problem.

  As far as we know, this bug has never been seen in the wild.  The
  problem was discovered by the SQLite developers while writing stress tests
  for a separate component of SQLite.  Those stress tests have not yet
  found any problems with the component they were intended to verify, but 
  they did find the bug which is the subject of this patch release.







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  all users are encouraged to upgrade when possible.
}

newsitem {2013-04-12} {Release 3.7.16.2} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.16.2] fixes a long-standing flaw in the Windows
  OS interface that
  can result in database corruption under a rare race condition.
  See [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/7ff3120e4f] for a full description
  of the problem.

  As far as we know, this bug has never been seen in the wild.  The
  problem was discovered by the SQLite developers while writing stress tests
  for a separate component of SQLite.  Those stress tests have not yet
  found any problems with the component they were intended to verify, but 
  they did find the bug which is the subject of this patch release.
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  that were present in the previous releases.

  The primary motivation for version 3.7.16.1 is to fix a bug in the
  query optimizer that was introduced as part of [version 3.7.15].  The
  query optimizer was being a little overzealous in optimizing out some
  ORDER BY clauses, which resulted in sorting being omitted on occasions
  where sorting is required to get the correct answer.  See
  ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a179fe7465 | a179fe7465] for
  details.

  In addition to the ORDER BY fix, several other patches to fix obscure
  (and mostly harmless) bugs and to fix spelling errors in source code
  comments are also included in this release.
}

newsitem {2013-03-18} {Release 3.7.16} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.16] is a regularly scheduled release of SQLite.
  This release contains several language enhancements and improvements
  to the query optimizer.  A list of the major enhancements and optimizations
  can be see on the [version 3.7.16 | change log].

  There was one important bug fix
  (see [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fc7bd6358f | Ticket fc7bd6358f])
  that addresses an incorrect query result that could have occurred in
  a three-way join where the join constraints compared INTEGER columns
  to TEXT columns.  This issue had been in the code for time out of mind
  and had never before been reported, so we surmise that it is very obscure.
  Nevertheless, all users are advised to upgrade to avoid any future problems
  associated with this issue.
}







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  that were present in the previous releases.

  The primary motivation for version 3.7.16.1 is to fix a bug in the
  query optimizer that was introduced as part of [version 3.7.15].  The
  query optimizer was being a little overzealous in optimizing out some
  ORDER BY clauses, which resulted in sorting being omitted on occasions
  where sorting is required to get the correct answer.  See
  ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/a179fe7465 | a179fe7465] for
  details.

  In addition to the ORDER BY fix, several other patches to fix obscure
  (and mostly harmless) bugs and to fix spelling errors in source code
  comments are also included in this release.
}

newsitem {2013-03-18} {Release 3.7.16} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.16] is a regularly scheduled release of SQLite.
  This release contains several language enhancements and improvements
  to the query optimizer.  A list of the major enhancements and optimizations
  can be see on the [version 3.7.16 | change log].

  There was one important bug fix
  (see [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/fc7bd6358f | Ticket fc7bd6358f])
  that addresses an incorrect query result that could have occurred in
  a three-way join where the join constraints compared INTEGER columns
  to TEXT columns.  This issue had been in the code for time out of mind
  and had never before been reported, so we surmise that it is very obscure.
  Nevertheless, all users are advised to upgrade to avoid any future problems
  associated with this issue.
}
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  The next release of SQLite is scheduled to occur after the usual
  2 or 3 month interval.
}

newsitem {2012-05-22} {Patch Release 3.7.12.1} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.12.1] is a patch release for [version 3.7.12] that
  fixes a [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c2ad16f997ee9c | bug] that was
  introduced in version 3.7.12 and that can
  cause a segfault for certain obscure nested aggregate queries.
  There are very few changes in 3.7.12.1, and upgrading is only needed for
  applications that do nested aggregate queries.
}

newsitem {2012-05-14} {Version 3.7.12} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.12] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
  This release contains several new optimizations and bug fixes and upgrading
  is recommended.  See the [version 3.7.12 | change summary] for details.
}

newsitem {2012-03-20} {Version 3.7.11} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.11] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release
  which was rushed out early due to a 
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b7c8682cc1 | bug in the query optimizer]
  introduced in the previous release.  The bug is obscure - it changes
  a LEFT JOIN into an INNER JOIN in some cases when there is a 3-way join
  and OR terms in the WHERE clause.  But it was considered serious enough to
  rush out a fix.  Apart from this one problem, SQLite [version 3.7.10] has
  not given any trouble.  Upgrading to [version 3.7.11] from versions
  3.7.6.3, 3.7.7, 3.7.7.1, 3.7.8, or 3.7.9 is
  optional.  Upgrading from other releases, including the previous release







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  The next release of SQLite is scheduled to occur after the usual
  2 or 3 month interval.
}

newsitem {2012-05-22} {Patch Release 3.7.12.1} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.12.1] is a patch release for [version 3.7.12] that
  fixes a [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c2ad16f997ee9c | bug] that was
  introduced in version 3.7.12 and that can
  cause a segfault for certain obscure nested aggregate queries.
  There are very few changes in 3.7.12.1, and upgrading is only needed for
  applications that do nested aggregate queries.
}

newsitem {2012-05-14} {Version 3.7.12} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.12] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release.
  This release contains several new optimizations and bug fixes and upgrading
  is recommended.  See the [version 3.7.12 | change summary] for details.
}

newsitem {2012-03-20} {Version 3.7.11} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.11] is a regularly scheduled maintenance release
  which was rushed out early due to a 
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/b7c8682cc1 | bug in the query optimizer]
  introduced in the previous release.  The bug is obscure - it changes
  a LEFT JOIN into an INNER JOIN in some cases when there is a 3-way join
  and OR terms in the WHERE clause.  But it was considered serious enough to
  rush out a fix.  Apart from this one problem, SQLite [version 3.7.10] has
  not given any trouble.  Upgrading to [version 3.7.11] from versions
  3.7.6.3, 3.7.7, 3.7.7.1, 3.7.8, or 3.7.9 is
  optional.  Upgrading from other releases, including the previous release
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  depend on the database page size. Now, if you give [PRAGMA cache_size]
  a negative value -N, it will allocate roughly N 
  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte | kibibytes] of memory to cache,
  divided up according to page size.  This enhancement allows programs to
  more easily control their memory usage.

  There have been several obscure bug fixes.  One noteworthy bug,
  ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ff5be73dee | ff5be73dee],
  could in theory result in a corrupt database file if a power loss
  occurred at just the wrong moment on an unusually cantankerous disk
  drive.  But that is mostly a theoretical concern and is very unlikely
  to happen in practice.  The bug was found during laboratory testing
  and has never been observed to occur in the wild.
}








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  depend on the database page size. Now, if you give [PRAGMA cache_size]
  a negative value -N, it will allocate roughly N 
  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibibyte | kibibytes] of memory to cache,
  divided up according to page size.  This enhancement allows programs to
  more easily control their memory usage.

  There have been several obscure bug fixes.  One noteworthy bug,
  ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/ff5be73dee | ff5be73dee],
  could in theory result in a corrupt database file if a power loss
  occurred at just the wrong moment on an unusually cantankerous disk
  drive.  But that is mostly a theoretical concern and is very unlikely
  to happen in practice.  The bug was found during laboratory testing
  and has never been observed to occur in the wild.
}

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  the SQLite team for mission critical functions and has performed flawlessly.
  And, of course, it passes our rigorous [testing] procedures with no
  problems detected.  Version 3.7.8 is recommended for all new development.
}

newsitem {2011-06-28} {Version 3.7.7.1} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.7.1] adds a one-line bug fix to 3.7.7 to fix
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/25ee812710 | a problem]
  causing [PRAGMA case_sensitive_like] statements compiled using the legacy
  [sqlite3_prepare()] interface to fail with an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] error. Because
  [sqlite3_exec()] uses sqlite3_prepare() internally, the problem also affects
  sqlite3_exec().

  Upgrading from 3.7.7 is only required for applications that use "PRAGMA
  case_sensitive_like" and the sqlite3_prepare() (or sqlite3_exec()) interface.







|







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  the SQLite team for mission critical functions and has performed flawlessly.
  And, of course, it passes our rigorous [testing] procedures with no
  problems detected.  Version 3.7.8 is recommended for all new development.
}

newsitem {2011-06-28} {Version 3.7.7.1} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.7.1] adds a one-line bug fix to 3.7.7 to fix
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/25ee812710 | a problem]
  causing [PRAGMA case_sensitive_like] statements compiled using the legacy
  [sqlite3_prepare()] interface to fail with an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] error. Because
  [sqlite3_exec()] uses sqlite3_prepare() internally, the problem also affects
  sqlite3_exec().

  Upgrading from 3.7.7 is only required for applications that use "PRAGMA
  case_sensitive_like" and the sqlite3_prepare() (or sqlite3_exec()) interface.
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  release.  But the core SQLite code has changed little and the previous
  release has not given any problems, so we expect this to be a very
  stable release.
}

newsitem {2011-05-19} {Version 3.7.6.3} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.6.3] is a patch release that fixes a 
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2d1a5c67df | single bug]
  associated with [WAL mode].  The bug has been in SQLite ever since WAL
  was added, but the problem is very obscure and so nobody has noticed
  before now.  Nevertheless, all users are encouraged to upgrade to
  version 3.7.6.3 or later.

  The bug is this:
  If the [cache_size] is set very small (less than 10) and SQLite comes







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  release.  But the core SQLite code has changed little and the previous
  release has not given any problems, so we expect this to be a very
  stable release.
}

newsitem {2011-05-19} {Version 3.7.6.3} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.6.3] is a patch release that fixes a 
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/2d1a5c67df | single bug]
  associated with [WAL mode].  The bug has been in SQLite ever since WAL
  was added, but the problem is very obscure and so nobody has noticed
  before now.  Nevertheless, all users are encouraged to upgrade to
  version 3.7.6.3 or later.

  The bug is this:
  If the [cache_size] is set very small (less than 10) and SQLite comes
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  release of SQLite.  Upgrading from version 3.7.5 is optional.  Upgrading
  releases prior to 3.7.5 is recommended.
}

newsitem {2011-02-01} {Version 3.7.5} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.5] is a regularly scheduled bi-monthly maintenance
  release of SQLite.  Due to the discovery and fix of 
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview?name=5d863f876e | an obscure bug]
  that could cause database corruption, upgrading from all prior
  releases of SQLite is recommended.  This bug was found during code
  review and has not been observed in the wild.

  This release adds new [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT | opcodes] for the
  [sqlite3_db_status()] interface that allow more precise measurement of
  how the [lookaside memory allocator] is performing, which can be useful







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  release of SQLite.  Upgrading from version 3.7.5 is optional.  Upgrading
  releases prior to 3.7.5 is recommended.
}

newsitem {2011-02-01} {Version 3.7.5} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.5] is a regularly scheduled bi-monthly maintenance
  release of SQLite.  Due to the discovery and fix of 
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview?name=5d863f876e | an obscure bug]
  that could cause database corruption, upgrading from all prior
  releases of SQLite is recommended.  This bug was found during code
  review and has not been observed in the wild.

  This release adds new [SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_HIT | opcodes] for the
  [sqlite3_db_status()] interface that allow more precise measurement of
  how the [lookaside memory allocator] is performing, which can be useful
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  <li> WinXP and Win7
  <li> Android 2.2
  <li> OpenBSD 4.7
  </ul>

  The previous release of SQLite ([version 3.7.3]) has proven to be very
  robust.  The only serious issue discovered was
  [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/80ba201079 | ticket 80ba201079] that
  describes an incorrect query result that can occur under very 
  unusual circumstances.  The ticket description contains details of the
  problem.  Suffice it to say here that the problem is very obscure and
  is unlikely to effect most applications and so upgrading is optional.
  The problem is fixed, of course, in this release.
}








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  <li> WinXP and Win7
  <li> Android 2.2
  <li> OpenBSD 4.7
  </ul>

  The previous release of SQLite ([version 3.7.3]) has proven to be very
  robust.  The only serious issue discovered was
  [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/80ba201079 | ticket 80ba201079] that
  describes an incorrect query result that can occur under very 
  unusual circumstances.  The ticket description contains details of the
  problem.  Suffice it to say here that the problem is very obscure and
  is unlikely to effect most applications and so upgrading is optional.
  The problem is fixed, of course, in this release.
}

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newsitem {2010-August-24} {Version 3.7.2} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.2] fixes a long-standing bug that can cause the
  database [free-page list] to go corrupt if [incremental_vacuum] is used
  multiple times to
  partially reduce the size of a database file that contains many hundreds
  of unused database pages.  The original bug reports together with links
  to the patch that fixes it can be seen 
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/5e10420e8d">here</a>.

  This bug has been in the code for at least a year and possibly longer.
  The bug has nothing to do with the versions 3.7.1 or 3.7.0 or any other
  recent release.  The fact that the bug was discovered (and fixed)
  within hours of the 3.7.1 release is purely a coincidence.

  The bug is impossible to hit without using [incremental_vacuum] and is







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newsitem {2010-August-24} {Version 3.7.2} {
  SQLite [version 3.7.2] fixes a long-standing bug that can cause the
  database [free-page list] to go corrupt if [incremental_vacuum] is used
  multiple times to
  partially reduce the size of a database file that contains many hundreds
  of unused database pages.  The original bug reports together with links
  to the patch that fixes it can be seen 
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/5e10420e8d">here</a>.

  This bug has been in the code for at least a year and possibly longer.
  The bug has nothing to do with the versions 3.7.1 or 3.7.0 or any other
  recent release.  The fact that the bug was discovered (and fixed)
  within hours of the 3.7.1 release is purely a coincidence.

  The bug is impossible to hit without using [incremental_vacuum] and is
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  an anachronism.
}

newsitem {2010-01-06} {Version 3.6.22} {
  SQLite [version 3.6.22] is a bug-fix release.  Two bugs have been fixed
  that might cause incorrect query results.  
  <ul>
  <li>Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/31338dca7e | 31338dca7e]
  describes a
  problem with queries that have a WHERE clause of the form (x AND y) OR z
  where x and z come from one table of a join and y comes from a different
  table.
  <li> Ticket [http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/eb5548a849 | eb5548a849]
  describes
  a problem where the use of the CAST operator in the WHERE clause can lead
  to incorrect results if the column being cast to a new datatype is also
  used in the same WHERE clause without being cast.
  </ul>
  Both bugs are obscure,
  but because they could arise in an application after deployment, it is







|




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  an anachronism.
}

newsitem {2010-01-06} {Version 3.6.22} {
  SQLite [version 3.6.22] is a bug-fix release.  Two bugs have been fixed
  that might cause incorrect query results.  
  <ul>
  <li>Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/31338dca7e | 31338dca7e]
  describes a
  problem with queries that have a WHERE clause of the form (x AND y) OR z
  where x and z come from one table of a join and y comes from a different
  table.
  <li> Ticket [https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/eb5548a849 | eb5548a849]
  describes
  a problem where the use of the CAST operator in the WHERE clause can lead
  to incorrect results if the column being cast to a new datatype is also
  used in the same WHERE clause without being cast.
  </ul>
  Both bugs are obscure,
  but because they could arise in an application after deployment, it is
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  side to be an arbitrary expression.  IS and IS NOT work the same as
  == (equals) and != (not equals) except that with IS and IS NOT the
  NULL values compare equal to one another.
}

newsitem {2009-09-11} {Version 3.6.18} {
  Beginning with this release, the SQLite source code is tracked and
  managed using the [http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil]
  distributed configuration management system.  SQLite was previously
  versioned using CVS.  The entire CVS history has been imported into
  Fossil.  The older CVS repository remains on the website but is
  read-only.

  There are two major enhancements in SQLite version 3.6.18.  The first
  is a series or refinements to the query planner that help SQLite to







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  side to be an arbitrary expression.  IS and IS NOT work the same as
  == (equals) and != (not equals) except that with IS and IS NOT the
  NULL values compare equal to one another.
}

newsitem {2009-09-11} {Version 3.6.18} {
  Beginning with this release, the SQLite source code is tracked and
  managed using the [https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil]
  distributed configuration management system.  SQLite was previously
  versioned using CVS.  The entire CVS history has been imported into
  Fossil.  The older CVS repository remains on the website but is
  read-only.

  There are two major enhancements in SQLite version 3.6.18.  The first
  is a series or refinements to the query planner that help SQLite to
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  SQLite [version 3.6.15] is a general maintenance release containing
  performance and robustness enhancements and fixes for various obscure
  bugs.  
}

newsitem {2009-05-25} {Version 3.6.14.2} {
  SQLite [version 3.6.14.2] fixes an obscure bug in the code generator
  (<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3879">ticket #3879</a>)
  section of SQLite which can potentially cause incorrect query results.
  The changes from the prior release consist of only this one bug fix,
  check-in <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/chngview?cn=6676">[6676]</a>
  and a change to the version number text.

  The bug was introduced in version 3.6.14.  It is recommended that
  users of version 3.6.14 and 3.6.14.1 upgrade to this release.  Applications
  are unlikely to hit this bug, but since it is difficult to predict which
  applications might hit it and which might not, we recommend that all
  users of 3.6.14 and 3.5.14.1 upgrade to this release.







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  SQLite [version 3.6.15] is a general maintenance release containing
  performance and robustness enhancements and fixes for various obscure
  bugs.  
}

newsitem {2009-05-25} {Version 3.6.14.2} {
  SQLite [version 3.6.14.2] fixes an obscure bug in the code generator
  (<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=3879">ticket #3879</a>)
  section of SQLite which can potentially cause incorrect query results.
  The changes from the prior release consist of only this one bug fix,
  check-in <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/chngview?cn=6676">[6676]</a>
  and a change to the version number text.

  The bug was introduced in version 3.6.14.  It is recommended that
  users of version 3.6.14 and 3.6.14.1 upgrade to this release.  Applications
  are unlikely to hit this bug, but since it is difficult to predict which
  applications might hit it and which might not, we recommend that all
  users of 3.6.14 and 3.5.14.1 upgrade to this release.
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  allocation subsystem in future releases.
}

newsitem {2007-10-04} {Version 3.5.1} {
  Fix a long-standing bug that might cause database corruption if a
  disk-full error occurs in the middle of a transaction and that
  transaction is not rolled back.
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2686">Ticket #2686.</a>

  The new VFS layer is stable.  However, we still reserve the right to
  make tweaks to the interface definition of the VFS if necessary.
}

newsitem {2007-09-04} {Version 3.5.0 alpha} {
  The OS interface layer and the memory allocation subsystems in







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  allocation subsystem in future releases.
}

newsitem {2007-10-04} {Version 3.5.1} {
  Fix a long-standing bug that might cause database corruption if a
  disk-full error occurs in the middle of a transaction and that
  transaction is not rolled back.
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2686">Ticket #2686.</a>

  The new VFS layer is stable.  However, we still reserve the right to
  make tweaks to the interface definition of the VFS if necessary.
}

newsitem {2007-09-04} {Version 3.5.0 alpha} {
  The OS interface layer and the memory allocation subsystems in
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  freeze the new design.
}

newsitem {2007-08-13} {Version 3.4.2} {
  While stress-testing the 
  <a href="c3ref/soft_heap_limit.html">soft_heap_limit</a>
  feature, a bug that could lead to
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">database
  corruption</a> was <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2565">
  discovered and fixed</a>.
  Though the consequences of this bug are severe, the chances of hitting 
  it in a typical application are remote.  Upgrading is recommended
  only if you use the 
  <a href="c3ref/soft_heap_limit.html">sqlite3_soft_heap_limit</a>
  interface.
}

newsitem {2007-07-20} {Version 3.4.1} {
  This release fixes a bug in <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> that
  can lead to <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">
  database corruption</a>.  The bug was introduced in version 
  <a href="changes.html#version_3_3_14">3.3.14</a>.
  Upgrading is recommended for all users.  Also included are a slew of
  other more routine
  <a href="changes.html#version_3_4_1">enhancements and bug fixes</a>.
}

newsitem {2007-06-18} {Version 3.4.0} {
  This release fixes two separate bugs either of which 
  can lead to database corruption.  Upgrading
  is strongly recommended.  If you must continue using an older version
  of SQLite, please at least read about how to avoid these bugs
  at
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
  CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> and
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2418">ticket #2418</a>
  <p>
  This release also adds explicit <a href="limits.html">limits</a> on the
  sizes and quantities of things SQLite will handle.  The new limits might
  causes compatibility problems for existing applications that
  use excessively large strings, BLOBs, tables, or SQL statements. 
  The new limits can be increased at compile-time to work around any problems
  that arise.  Nevertheless, the version number of this release is







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  freeze the new design.
}

newsitem {2007-08-13} {Version 3.4.2} {
  While stress-testing the 
  <a href="c3ref/soft_heap_limit.html">soft_heap_limit</a>
  feature, a bug that could lead to
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">database
  corruption</a> was <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2565">
  discovered and fixed</a>.
  Though the consequences of this bug are severe, the chances of hitting 
  it in a typical application are remote.  Upgrading is recommended
  only if you use the 
  <a href="c3ref/soft_heap_limit.html">sqlite3_soft_heap_limit</a>
  interface.
}

newsitem {2007-07-20} {Version 3.4.1} {
  This release fixes a bug in <a href="lang_vacuum.html">VACUUM</a> that
  can lead to <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">
  database corruption</a>.  The bug was introduced in version 
  <a href="changes.html#version_3_3_14">3.3.14</a>.
  Upgrading is recommended for all users.  Also included are a slew of
  other more routine
  <a href="changes.html#version_3_4_1">enhancements and bug fixes</a>.
}

newsitem {2007-06-18} {Version 3.4.0} {
  This release fixes two separate bugs either of which 
  can lead to database corruption.  Upgrading
  is strongly recommended.  If you must continue using an older version
  of SQLite, please at least read about how to avoid these bugs
  at
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
  CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> and
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=2418">ticket #2418</a>
  <p>
  This release also adds explicit <a href="limits.html">limits</a> on the
  sizes and quantities of things SQLite will handle.  The new limits might
  causes compatibility problems for existing applications that
  use excessively large strings, BLOBs, tables, or SQL statements. 
  The new limits can be increased at compile-time to work around any problems
  that arise.  Nevertheless, the version number of this release is
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newsitem {2007-04-09} {Version 3.3.15} {
  An annoying bug introduced in 3.3.14 has been fixed.  There are
  also many enhancements to the test suite.  
}

newsitem {2007-04-02} {Version 3.3.14} {
  This version focuses on performance improvements.  If you recompile
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=TheAmalgamation">
  the amalgamation</a> using GCC option -O3 (the precompiled binaries
  use -O2) you may see performance
  improvements of 35% or more over version 3.3.13 depending on your
  workload.  This version also
  adds support for <a href="pragma.html#pragma_locking_mode">
  exclusive access mode</a>.
}







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newsitem {2007-04-09} {Version 3.3.15} {
  An annoying bug introduced in 3.3.14 has been fixed.  There are
  also many enhancements to the test suite.  
}

newsitem {2007-04-02} {Version 3.3.14} {
  This version focuses on performance improvements.  If you recompile
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=TheAmalgamation">
  the amalgamation</a> using GCC option -O3 (the precompiled binaries
  use -O2) you may see performance
  improvements of 35% or more over version 3.3.13 depending on your
  workload.  This version also
  adds support for <a href="pragma.html#pragma_locking_mode">
  exclusive access mode</a>.
}
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  Version 3.3.10 fixes several bugs that were introduced by the previous
  release.  Upgrading is recommended.
}

newsitem {2007-01-04} {Version 3.3.9} {
  Version 3.3.9 fixes bugs that can lead to database corruption under
  obscure and difficult to reproduce circumstances.  See
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">
  DatabaseCorruption</a> in the
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki">wiki</a> for details.
  This release also adds the new
  <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a>
  API and includes important bug fixes in the command-line
  shell and enhancements to the query optimizer.  Upgrading is
  recommended.
}

newsitem {2006-10-09} {Version 3.3.8} {
  Version 3.3.8 adds support for full-text search using the 
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=FtsOne">FTS1
  module.</a>  There are also minor bug fixes.  Upgrade only if
  you want to try out the new full-text search capabilities or if
  you are having problems with 3.3.7.
}

newsitem {2006-08-12} {Version 3.3.7} {
  Version 3.3.7 includes support for loadable extensions and virtual







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  Version 3.3.10 fixes several bugs that were introduced by the previous
  release.  Upgrading is recommended.
}

newsitem {2007-01-04} {Version 3.3.9} {
  Version 3.3.9 fixes bugs that can lead to database corruption under
  obscure and difficult to reproduce circumstances.  See
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseCorruption">
  DatabaseCorruption</a> in the
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki">wiki</a> for details.
  This release also adds the new
  <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a>
  API and includes important bug fixes in the command-line
  shell and enhancements to the query optimizer.  Upgrading is
  recommended.
}

newsitem {2006-10-09} {Version 3.3.8} {
  Version 3.3.8 adds support for full-text search using the 
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=FtsOne">FTS1
  module.</a>  There are also minor bug fixes.  Upgrade only if
  you want to try out the new full-text search capabilities or if
  you are having problems with 3.3.7.
}

newsitem {2006-08-12} {Version 3.3.7} {
  Version 3.3.7 includes support for loadable extensions and virtual
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  the library is running much faster again.

  Database connections can now be moved between threads as long as the
  connection holds no locks at the time it is moved.  Thus the common
  paradigm of maintaining a pool of database connections and handing
  them off to transient worker threads is now supported.
  Please help test this new feature.
  See <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=MultiThreading">
  the MultiThreading wiki page</a> for additional
  information.
}

newsitem {2006-01-10} {Version 3.3.0 alpha} {
  Version 3.3.0 adds support for CHECK constraints, DESC indices,
  separate REAL and INTEGER column affinities, a new OS interface layer







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  the library is running much faster again.

  Database connections can now be moved between threads as long as the
  connection holds no locks at the time it is moved.  Thus the common
  paradigm of maintaining a pool of database connections and handing
  them off to transient worker threads is now supported.
  Please help test this new feature.
  See <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=MultiThreading">
  the MultiThreading wiki page</a> for additional
  information.
}

newsitem {2006-01-10} {Version 3.3.0 alpha} {
  Version 3.3.0 adds support for CHECK constraints, DESC indices,
  separate REAL and INTEGER column affinities, a new OS interface layer
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  open-source software.  Thanks, AOL!

  Version 3.2.0 also fixes an obscure but serious bug that was discovered
  just prior to release.  If you have a multi-statement transaction and
  within that transaction an UPDATE or INSERT statement fails due to a
  constraint, then you try to rollback the whole transaction, the rollback
  might not work correctly.  See
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=1171">Ticket #1171</a>
  for details.  Upgrading is recommended for all users.
}

newsitem {2005-03-16} {Version 3.1.6} {
  Version 3.1.6 fixes a critical bug that can cause database corruption
  when inserting rows into tables with around 125 columns. This bug was
  introduced in version 3.0.0.  See
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=1163">Ticket #1163</a>
  for additional information.
}

newsitem {2005-03-11} {Versions 3.1.4 and 3.1.5 Released} {
  Version 3.1.4 fixes a critical bug that could cause database corruption
  if the autovacuum mode of version 3.1.0 is turned on (it is off by
  default) and a CREATE UNIQUE INDEX is executed within a transaction but







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  open-source software.  Thanks, AOL!

  Version 3.2.0 also fixes an obscure but serious bug that was discovered
  just prior to release.  If you have a multi-statement transaction and
  within that transaction an UPDATE or INSERT statement fails due to a
  constraint, then you try to rollback the whole transaction, the rollback
  might not work correctly.  See
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=1171">Ticket #1171</a>
  for details.  Upgrading is recommended for all users.
}

newsitem {2005-03-16} {Version 3.1.6} {
  Version 3.1.6 fixes a critical bug that can cause database corruption
  when inserting rows into tables with around 125 columns. This bug was
  introduced in version 3.0.0.  See
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=1163">Ticket #1163</a>
  for additional information.
}

newsitem {2005-03-11} {Versions 3.1.4 and 3.1.5 Released} {
  Version 3.1.4 fixes a critical bug that could cause database corruption
  if the autovacuum mode of version 3.1.0 is turned on (it is off by
  default) and a CREATE UNIQUE INDEX is executed within a transaction but
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newsitem {2005-02-15} {Versions 2.8.16 and 3.1.2 Released} {
  A critical bug in the VACUUM command that can lead to database
  corruption has been fixed in both the 2.x branch and the main
  3.x line.  This bug has existed in all prior versions of SQLite.
  Even though it is unlikely you will ever encounter this bug,
  it is suggested that all users upgrade.  See
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=1116">
  ticket #1116</a>. for additional information.

  Version 3.1.2 is also the first stable release of the 3.1
  series.  SQLite 3.1 features added support for correlated
  subqueries, autovacuum, autoincrement, ALTER TABLE, and
  other enhancements.  See the 
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/releasenotes310.html">release notes
  for version 3.1.0</a> for a detailed description of the
  changes available in the 3.1 series.
}

newsitem {2005-02-01} {Version 3.1.1 (beta) Released} {
  Version 3.1.1 (beta) is now available on the
  website.  Version 3.1.1 is fully backwards compatible with the 3.0 series
  and features many new features including Autovacuum and correlated
  subqueries.  The
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/releasenotes310.html">release notes</a>
  From version 3.1.0 apply equally to this release beta.  A stable release
  is expected within a couple of weeks.
}

newsitem {2005-01-21} {Version 3.1.0 (alpha) Released} {
  Version 3.1.0 (alpha) is now available on the
  website.  Version 3.1.0 is fully backwards compatible with the 3.0 series
  and features many new features including Autovacuum and correlated
  subqueries.  See the
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/releasenotes310.html">release notes</a>
  for details.

  This is an alpha release.  A beta release is expected in about a week
  with the first stable release to follow after two more weeks.
}

newsitem {2004-11-09} {SQLite at the 2004 International PHP Conference} {
  There was a talk on the architecture of SQLite and how to optimize
  SQLite queries at the 2004 International PHP Conference in Frankfurt,
  Germany.
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/php2004/page-001.html">
  Slides</a> from that talk are available.
}

newsitem {2004-10-11} {Version 3.0.8} {
  Version 3.0.8 of SQLite contains several code optimizations and minor
  bug fixes and adds support for DEFERRED, IMMEDIATE, and EXCLUSIVE
  transactions.  This is an incremental release.  There is no reason
  to upgrade from version 3.0.7 if that version is working for you.
}


newsitem {2004-10-10} {SQLite at the 11<sup><small>th</small></sup>
Annual Tcl/Tk Conference} {
  There will be a talk on the use of SQLite in Tcl/Tk at the
  11<sup><small>th</small></sup> Tcl/Tk Conference this week in
  New Orleans.  Visit [http://www.tcl-lang.org/community/tcl2004/]
  for details.
  <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/tclconf2004/page-001.html">
  Slides</a> from the talk are available.
}

newsitem {2004-09-18} {Version 3.0.7} {
  Version 3.0 has now been in use by multiple projects for several
  months with no major difficulties.   We consider it stable and
  ready for production use. 







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newsitem {2005-02-15} {Versions 2.8.16 and 3.1.2 Released} {
  A critical bug in the VACUUM command that can lead to database
  corruption has been fixed in both the 2.x branch and the main
  3.x line.  This bug has existed in all prior versions of SQLite.
  Even though it is unlikely you will ever encounter this bug,
  it is suggested that all users upgrade.  See
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/tktview?tn=1116">
  ticket #1116</a>. for additional information.

  Version 3.1.2 is also the first stable release of the 3.1
  series.  SQLite 3.1 features added support for correlated
  subqueries, autovacuum, autoincrement, ALTER TABLE, and
  other enhancements.  See the 
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/releasenotes310.html">release notes
  for version 3.1.0</a> for a detailed description of the
  changes available in the 3.1 series.
}

newsitem {2005-02-01} {Version 3.1.1 (beta) Released} {
  Version 3.1.1 (beta) is now available on the
  website.  Version 3.1.1 is fully backwards compatible with the 3.0 series
  and features many new features including Autovacuum and correlated
  subqueries.  The
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/releasenotes310.html">release notes</a>
  From version 3.1.0 apply equally to this release beta.  A stable release
  is expected within a couple of weeks.
}

newsitem {2005-01-21} {Version 3.1.0 (alpha) Released} {
  Version 3.1.0 (alpha) is now available on the
  website.  Version 3.1.0 is fully backwards compatible with the 3.0 series
  and features many new features including Autovacuum and correlated
  subqueries.  See the
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/releasenotes310.html">release notes</a>
  for details.

  This is an alpha release.  A beta release is expected in about a week
  with the first stable release to follow after two more weeks.
}

newsitem {2004-11-09} {SQLite at the 2004 International PHP Conference} {
  There was a talk on the architecture of SQLite and how to optimize
  SQLite queries at the 2004 International PHP Conference in Frankfurt,
  Germany.
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/php2004/page-001.html">
  Slides</a> from that talk are available.
}

newsitem {2004-10-11} {Version 3.0.8} {
  Version 3.0.8 of SQLite contains several code optimizations and minor
  bug fixes and adds support for DEFERRED, IMMEDIATE, and EXCLUSIVE
  transactions.  This is an incremental release.  There is no reason
  to upgrade from version 3.0.7 if that version is working for you.
}


newsitem {2004-10-10} {SQLite at the 11<sup><small>th</small></sup>
Annual Tcl/Tk Conference} {
  There will be a talk on the use of SQLite in Tcl/Tk at the
  11<sup><small>th</small></sup> Tcl/Tk Conference this week in
  New Orleans.  Visit [https://www.tcl.tk/community/tcl2004/]
  for details.
  <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/tclconf2004/page-001.html">
  Slides</a> from the talk are available.
}

newsitem {2004-09-18} {Version 3.0.7} {
  Version 3.0 has now been in use by multiple projects for several
  months with no major difficulties.   We consider it stable and
  ready for production use. 

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<p>
This article also uses the terms "bytecode program" and
"prepared statement" interchangeably, as they are mostly the same thing.

<h2>VDBE Source Code</h2>

<p>The source code to the bytecode engine is in the 
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/vdbe.c | vdbe.c] source
file.  The [opcode definitions] in this document are derived
from comments in that source file. The 
source code comments are the canonical source of information
about the bytecode engine.  When in doubt, refer to the source code.</p>

<p>In addition to the primary vdbe.c source code file, there are 
other helper code files in the source tree, all of whose names







|







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<p>
This article also uses the terms "bytecode program" and
"prepared statement" interchangeably, as they are mostly the same thing.

<h2>VDBE Source Code</h2>

<p>The source code to the bytecode engine is in the 
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/vdbe.c | vdbe.c] source
file.  The [opcode definitions] in this document are derived
from comments in that source file. The 
source code comments are the canonical source of information
about the bytecode engine.  When in doubt, refer to the source code.</p>

<p>In addition to the primary vdbe.c source code file, there are 
other helper code files in the source tree, all of whose names
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All currently defined opcodes are described in the table below.
This table was generated automatically by scanning the source code
from the file
<tcl>
if {$uuid==""} {
  hd_puts "<b>vdbe.c</b>.\n"
} else {
  hd_puts "<a href=\"http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/$uuid\">vdbe.c</a>.\n"
}
</tcl>

<p>Remember: The VDBE opcodes are <u>not</u> part of the interface 
definition for SQLite.  The number of opcodes and their names and meanings
change from one release of SQLite to the next.
The opcodes shown in the table below are valid for SQLite







|







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All currently defined opcodes are described in the table below.
This table was generated automatically by scanning the source code
from the file
<tcl>
if {$uuid==""} {
  hd_puts "<b>vdbe.c</b>.\n"
} else {
  hd_puts "<a href=\"https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/$uuid\">vdbe.c</a>.\n"
}
</tcl>

<p>Remember: The VDBE opcodes are <u>not</u> part of the interface 
definition for SQLite.  The number of opcodes and their names and meanings
change from one release of SQLite to the next.
The opcodes shown in the table below are valid for SQLite

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       unsigned big-endian "Application ID" integer located at offset
       68 into the [database header].  Applications that use SQLite as their
       [application file-format] should set the Application ID integer to
       a unique integer so that utilities such as 
       [http://www.darwinsys.com/file/ | file(1)] can determine the specific
       file type rather than just reporting "SQLite3 Database".  A list of
       assigned application IDs can be seen by consulting the
       [http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=magic.txt
        |magic.txt] file in the SQLite source repository.

<p>   See also the [user_version pragma].
}

Pragma {automatic_index} {
    <p>^(<b>PRAGMA automatic_index;







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       unsigned big-endian "Application ID" integer located at offset
       68 into the [database header].  Applications that use SQLite as their
       [application file-format] should set the Application ID integer to
       a unique integer so that utilities such as 
       [http://www.darwinsys.com/file/ | file(1)] can determine the specific
       file type rather than just reporting "SQLite3 Database".  A list of
       assigned application IDs can be seen by consulting the
       [https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=magic.txt
        |magic.txt] file in the SQLite source repository.

<p>   See also the [user_version pragma].
}

Pragma {automatic_index} {
    <p>^(<b>PRAGMA automatic_index;

Changes to pages/privatebranch.in.

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circumstances of each individual project.</p>

<img src="images/private_branch.gif" align="right">
<h1> The Basic Idea</h1>


<p>We propose to use the
[http://www.fossil-scm.org | fossil software configuration management]
system to set up two branches.  One branch (the "public branch" or "trunk")
contains the published SQLite sources and the other branch is the 
private branch which contains the code that is customized for the project.
Whenever a new public release of SQLite is made, that release is added to
the public branch and then the changes are merged into the private branch.</p>

<p>This document proposes to use
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | fossil],
but any other distributed software configuration management system such as
[http://www.monotone.ca/ | monotone] or
[http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/ | mercurial] (a.k.a. "hg"), or
[http://www.git-scm.org/ | git] could serve just as well.
The concept will be the same, 
though the specifics of the procedure will vary.</p>








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circumstances of each individual project.</p>

<img src="images/private_branch.gif" align="right">
<h1> The Basic Idea</h1>


<p>We propose to use the
[https://www.fossil-scm.org | fossil software configuration management]
system to set up two branches.  One branch (the "public branch" or "trunk")
contains the published SQLite sources and the other branch is the 
private branch which contains the code that is customized for the project.
Whenever a new public release of SQLite is made, that release is added to
the public branch and then the changes are merged into the private branch.</p>

<p>This document proposes to use
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | fossil],
but any other distributed software configuration management system such as
[http://www.monotone.ca/ | monotone] or
[http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/ | mercurial] (a.k.a. "hg"), or
[http://www.git-scm.org/ | git] could serve just as well.
The concept will be the same, 
though the specifics of the procedure will vary.</p>

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<p>We emphasize again that these steps are not intended to be the only
acceptable method for maintaining private branch.  This approach
is one of many.  Use this document as a baseline for preparing
project-specific procedures.  Do not be afraid to experiment.</p>

<h2> Obtain The Software</h2>

<p>[http://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] is a computer program
that must be installed on your machine before you use it.
Fortunately, installing fossil is very easy.  Fossil is a single
"*.exe" file that you simply download and run.  To uninstall fossil,
simply delete the exe file.  
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/index.html/doc/tip/www/quickstart.wiki | Detailed instructions] for installing and getting started with
fossil are available on the 
[http://www.fossil-scm.org | fossil website].</p>

<h2> Create A Project Repository</h2>

<p>Create a fossil repository to host the private branch using the
following command:</p>

<blockquote><pre>







|




|

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<p>We emphasize again that these steps are not intended to be the only
acceptable method for maintaining private branch.  This approach
is one of many.  Use this document as a baseline for preparing
project-specific procedures.  Do not be afraid to experiment.</p>

<h2> Obtain The Software</h2>

<p>[https://www.fossil-scm.org/ | Fossil] is a computer program
that must be installed on your machine before you use it.
Fortunately, installing fossil is very easy.  Fossil is a single
"*.exe" file that you simply download and run.  To uninstall fossil,
simply delete the exe file.  
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/index.html/doc/tip/www/quickstart.wiki | Detailed instructions] for installing and getting started with
fossil are available on the 
[https://www.fossil-scm.org | fossil website].</p>

<h2> Create A Project Repository</h2>

<p>Create a fossil repository to host the private branch using the
following command:</p>

<blockquote><pre>
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Additional private changes can be
made on the private branch in between releases if desired.</p>

<h1> Variations</h1>

<p>Since this document was first written, the canonical SQLite source code
has been moved from the venerable CVS system into a Fossil repository at
[http://www.sqlite.org/src].  This means that if you are working with
canonical SQLite source code (as opposed to the [amalgamation] source code
files, sqlite3.c and sqlite3.h) then you can create a private repository
simply by cloning the official repository:</p>

<blockquote><pre>
fossil clone http://www.sqlite.org/src private-project.fossil
</pre></blockquote>

<p>This command both creates the new repository and populates it with
all the latest SQLite code.  You can then create a private branch as
described in section 3.4.</p>

<p>When the private repository is created by cloning, incorporating new







|





|







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Additional private changes can be
made on the private branch in between releases if desired.</p>

<h1> Variations</h1>

<p>Since this document was first written, the canonical SQLite source code
has been moved from the venerable CVS system into a Fossil repository at
[https://www.sqlite.org/src].  This means that if you are working with
canonical SQLite source code (as opposed to the [amalgamation] source code
files, sqlite3.c and sqlite3.h) then you can create a private repository
simply by cloning the official repository:</p>

<blockquote><pre>
fossil clone https://www.sqlite.org/src private-project.fossil
</pre></blockquote>

<p>This command both creates the new repository and populates it with
all the latest SQLite code.  You can then create a private branch as
described in section 3.4.</p>

<p>When the private repository is created by cloning, incorporating new

Changes to pages/queryplanner-ng.in.

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<p>Not all applications meet these conditions.  Fortunately,
the NGQP will still usually find good query plans, even without these conditions.
However, cases do arise (rarely) where performance regressions can occur.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment fossilcasestudy {The Fossil NGQP Upgrade Case Study}</tcl>
<h2> Case Study: Upgrading Fossil to the NGQP</h2>

<p>The <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil DVCS</a> is the version
control system used to track all of the SQLite source code.
A Fossil repository is an SQLite database file.
(Readers are invited to ponder this recursion as an independent exercise.)
Fossil is both the version-control system for SQLite and a test
platform for SQLite.  Whenever enhancements are made to SQLite, 
Fossil is one of the first applications to test and evaluate those
enhancements.  So Fossil was an early adopter of the NGQP.</p>

<p>Unfortunately, the NGQP caused a
performance regression in Fossil.</p>

<p>One of the many reports that Fossil makes available is a timeline of
changes to a single branch showing all merges in and out of that branch.  See
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?nd&n=200&r=trunk">http://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?nd&n=200&r=trunk</a>
for a typical
example of such a report.  Generating such a report normally takes just
a few milliseconds.  But after upgrading to the NGQP we noticed that
this one report was taking closer to 10 seconds for the trunk of the
repository.</p>

<p>The core query used to generate the branch timeline is shown below.







|













|







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<p>Not all applications meet these conditions.  Fortunately,
the NGQP will still usually find good query plans, even without these conditions.
However, cases do arise (rarely) where performance regressions can occur.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment fossilcasestudy {The Fossil NGQP Upgrade Case Study}</tcl>
<h2> Case Study: Upgrading Fossil to the NGQP</h2>

<p>The <a href="https://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil DVCS</a> is the version
control system used to track all of the SQLite source code.
A Fossil repository is an SQLite database file.
(Readers are invited to ponder this recursion as an independent exercise.)
Fossil is both the version-control system for SQLite and a test
platform for SQLite.  Whenever enhancements are made to SQLite, 
Fossil is one of the first applications to test and evaluate those
enhancements.  So Fossil was an early adopter of the NGQP.</p>

<p>Unfortunately, the NGQP caused a
performance regression in Fossil.</p>

<p>One of the many reports that Fossil makes available is a timeline of
changes to a single branch showing all merges in and out of that branch.  See
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?nd&n=200&r=trunk">https://www.sqlite.org/src/timeline?nd&n=200&r=trunk</a>
for a typical
example of such a report.  Generating such a report normally takes just
a few milliseconds.  But after upgrading to the NGQP we noticed that
this one report was taking closer to 10 seconds for the trunk of the
repository.</p>

<p>The core query used to generate the branch timeline is shown below.

Changes to pages/quickstart.in.

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<li><p>Additional documentation is available [CLI | here].</li>
</ul>

<h2>Write Programs That Use SQLite</h2>

<ul>
<li><p>Below is a simple 
[http://www.tcl-lang.org | TCL program] that demonstrates how to use
the TCL interface to SQLite.  The program executes the SQL statements
given as the second argument on the database defined by the first
argument.  The commands to watch for are the <b>sqlite3</b> command
on line 7 which opens an SQLite database and creates
a new object named "<b>db</b>" to access that database, the
use of the [eval method] on the <b>db</b> object on line 8 to run
SQL commands against the database, and the closing of the database connection







|







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<li><p>Additional documentation is available [CLI | here].</li>
</ul>

<h2>Write Programs That Use SQLite</h2>

<ul>
<li><p>Below is a simple 
[https://www.tcl.tk | TCL program] that demonstrates how to use
the TCL interface to SQLite.  The program executes the SQL statements
given as the second argument on the database defined by the first
argument.  The commands to watch for are the <b>sqlite3</b> command
on line 7 which opens an SQLite database and creates
a new object named "<b>db</b>" to access that database, the
use of the [eval method] on the <b>db</b> object on line 8 to run
SQL commands against the database, and the closing of the database connection

Changes to pages/spellfix1.in.

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can be used to suggest corrections to misspelled words.  Or,
it could be used with [FTS4] to do full-text search using potentially
misspelled words.

<p>The implementation for the spellfix1 virtual table is held in the
SQLite source tree in the miscellaneous extensions folder and in
particular in the file 
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/misc/spellfix.c|ext/misc/spellfix1.c].
The spellfix1 virtual table is not included in the SQLite [amalgamation]
and is not a part of any standard SQLite build.  It is a [loadable extension].

<p>Once the spellfix1 extension is loaded, an instance of the spellfix1 
virtual table is created like this:

<blockquote><pre>







|







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can be used to suggest corrections to misspelled words.  Or,
it could be used with [FTS4] to do full-text search using potentially
misspelled words.

<p>The implementation for the spellfix1 virtual table is held in the
SQLite source tree in the miscellaneous extensions folder and in
particular in the file 
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=ext/misc/spellfix.c|ext/misc/spellfix1.c].
The spellfix1 virtual table is not included in the SQLite [amalgamation]
and is not a part of any standard SQLite build.  It is a [loadable extension].

<p>Once the spellfix1 extension is loaded, an instance of the spellfix1 
virtual table is created like this:

<blockquote><pre>

Changes to pages/tclsqlite.in.

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<title>The Tcl interface to the SQLite library</title>
<tcl>
hd_keywords {Tcl extension} {TCL Interface}
proc METHOD {name text} {
  hd_fragment $name [list $name method] [list TCL interface $name method]
  hd_puts "<h3>The \"$name\" method</h3>\n"
  hd_resolve $text
}
</tcl>

<h1 align=center>The Tcl interface to the SQLite library</h1>

<p>The SQLite library is designed to be very easy to use from
a [http://www.tcl-lang.org | Tcl or Tcl/Tk] script.  SQLite
began as a [http://www.tcl-lang.org/doc/tea/ | Tcl extension]
and the primary [test suite] for SQLite is written in TCL.  SQLite
can be used with any programming language, but its connections to
TCL run deep.</p>

<p>This document gives an overview of the Tcl
programming interface for SQLite.</p>














|
|







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<title>The Tcl interface to the SQLite library</title>
<tcl>
hd_keywords {Tcl extension} {TCL Interface}
proc METHOD {name text} {
  hd_fragment $name [list $name method] [list TCL interface $name method]
  hd_puts "<h3>The \"$name\" method</h3>\n"
  hd_resolve $text
}
</tcl>

<h1 align=center>The Tcl interface to the SQLite library</h1>

<p>The SQLite library is designed to be very easy to use from
a [https://www.tcl.tk | Tcl or Tcl/Tk] script.  SQLite
began as a [https://www.tcl.tk/doc/tea/ | Tcl extension]
and the primary [test suite] for SQLite is written in TCL.  SQLite
can be used with any programming language, but its connections to
TCL run deep.</p>

<p>This document gives an overview of the Tcl
programming interface for SQLite.</p>

Changes to pages/testing.in.

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<li><p>
<tcl>hd_fragment tcl {TCL test suite}</tcl>
The <b>TCL Tests</b> are the oldest set of tests for SQLite.  
They are contained in the same source tree as the
SQLite core and like the SQLite core are in the public domain.  The
TCL tests are the primary tests used during development.
The TCL tests are written using the 
[http://www.tcl-lang.org/ | TCL scripting language].
The TCL test harness itself consists of <tcl>KB {$stat(tclcSLOC)}</tcl> KSLOC 
of C code used to create the TCL interface.  The test scripts are contained
in <tcl>N {$stat(tclsNFile)}</tcl> files totaling 
<tcl>MiB {$stat(tclsNByte)}</tcl>MB in size.  There are
<tcl>N {$stat(tclNTest)}</tcl> distinct test cases, but many of the test
cases are parameterized and run multiple times (with different parameters)
so that on a full test run millions of







|







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<li><p>
<tcl>hd_fragment tcl {TCL test suite}</tcl>
The <b>TCL Tests</b> are the oldest set of tests for SQLite.  
They are contained in the same source tree as the
SQLite core and like the SQLite core are in the public domain.  The
TCL tests are the primary tests used during development.
The TCL tests are written using the 
[https://www.tcl.tk/ | TCL scripting language].
The TCL test harness itself consists of <tcl>KB {$stat(tclcSLOC)}</tcl> KSLOC 
of C code used to create the TCL interface.  The test scripts are contained
in <tcl>N {$stat(tclsNFile)}</tcl> files totaling 
<tcl>MiB {$stat(tclsNByte)}</tcl>MB in size.  There are
<tcl>N {$stat(tclNTest)}</tcl> distinct test cases, but many of the test
cases are parameterized and run multiple times (with different parameters)
so that on a full test run millions of
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instances.  The cases that provide 100% branch test coverage constitute
a subset of the total TH3 test suite.  A soak test
prior to release does hundreds of millions of tests.
Additional information on TH3 is [TH3 | available separately].</p></li>

<li><p>
<tcl>hd_fragment slt {SLT} {SQL Logic Tests}</tcl>
The <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/sqllogictest"><b>SQL Logic Test</b></a>
or SLT test harness is used to run huge numbers
of SQL statements against both SQLite and several other SQL database engines
and verify that they all get the same answers.  SLT currently compares
SQLite against PostgreSQL, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle 10g.
SLT runs <tcl>MB {$stat(sltNTest)}</tcl> million queries comprising
<tcl>GB {$stat(sltsNByte)}</tcl>GB of test data.
</p></li>







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instances.  The cases that provide 100% branch test coverage constitute
a subset of the total TH3 test suite.  A soak test
prior to release does hundreds of millions of tests.
Additional information on TH3 is [TH3 | available separately].</p></li>

<li><p>
<tcl>hd_fragment slt {SLT} {SQL Logic Tests}</tcl>
The <a href="https://www.sqlite.org/sqllogictest"><b>SQL Logic Test</b></a>
or SLT test harness is used to run huge numbers
of SQL statements against both SQLite and several other SQL database engines
and verify that they all get the same answers.  SLT currently compares
SQLite against PostgreSQL, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle 10g.
SLT runs <tcl>MB {$stat(sltNTest)}</tcl> million queries comprising
<tcl>GB {$stat(sltsNByte)}</tcl>GB of test data.
</p></li>
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<tcl>hd_fragment cklist {release testing checklists} {checklist}</tcl>
<h1>Checklists</h1>

<p>The SQLite developers use an on-line checklist to coordinate testing
activity and to verify that all tests pass prior each SQLite release.
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/checklists/index.html">Past checklists</a>
are retained for historical reference.
(The checklists are read-only for anonymous internet viewers, but
developers can log in and update checklist items in their web
browsers.)
The use of checklists for SQLite testing and other development activities
is inspired by <i>
[http://atulgawande.com/book/the-checklist-manifesto/ | The Checklist Manifesto]







|







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<tcl>hd_fragment cklist {release testing checklists} {checklist}</tcl>
<h1>Checklists</h1>

<p>The SQLite developers use an on-line checklist to coordinate testing
activity and to verify that all tests pass prior each SQLite release.
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/checklists/index.html">Past checklists</a>
are retained for historical reference.
(The checklists are read-only for anonymous internet viewers, but
developers can log in and update checklist items in their web
browsers.)
The use of checklists for SQLite testing and other development activities
is inspired by <i>
[http://atulgawande.com/book/the-checklist-manifesto/ | The Checklist Manifesto]

Changes to pages/th3.in.

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to remedy this problem was the "TH1" (Test Harness #1) scripting 
language - a reimplementation of parts of the TCL language in a 
more portable form that would compile and run on SymbianOS, and 
that was sufficient to run the SQLite tests.  TH1
did not survive as a standard testing tool for SQLite,
but it did find continued service as a
scripting language used to customize the 
[http://www.fossil-scm.org/|Fossil] version control system.
There was also a "Test Harness #2" which was an attempt to
create a simple scripting language using operator prefix notation
to drive tests. TH3 was the third attempt.

<p>At about that same time, some avionics manufacturers were
expressing interest in SQLite, which prompted the SQLite developers
to design TH3 to support the rigorous testing standards of







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to remedy this problem was the "TH1" (Test Harness #1) scripting 
language - a reimplementation of parts of the TCL language in a 
more portable form that would compile and run on SymbianOS, and 
that was sufficient to run the SQLite tests.  TH1
did not survive as a standard testing tool for SQLite,
but it did find continued service as a
scripting language used to customize the 
[https://www.fossil-scm.org/|Fossil] version control system.
There was also a "Test Harness #2" which was an attempt to
create a simple scripting language using operator prefix notation
to drive tests. TH3 was the third attempt.

<p>At about that same time, some avionics manufacturers were
expressing interest in SQLite, which prompted the SQLite developers
to design TH3 to support the rigorous testing standards of

Changes to pages/undoredo.in.

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<p>
Triggers such as the above could be entered manually, but that is tedious.
An important feature of the technique demonstrated below is 
that the triggers are generated automatically.

<p>
The implementation language for the example code is 
[http://www.tcl-lang.org|TCL], though you can easily do the same thing 
in another programming language.
Remember that the code here is a demonstration of the technique,
not a drop-in module that will automatically do everything for you.
The demonstration code shown below is derived from actual code 
in production use. But you will need to make changes to tailor it 
to your application.








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<p>
Triggers such as the above could be entered manually, but that is tedious.
An important feature of the technique demonstrated below is 
that the triggers are generated automatically.

<p>
The implementation language for the example code is 
[https://www.tcl.tk|TCL], though you can easily do the same thing 
in another programming language.
Remember that the code here is a demonstration of the technique,
not a drop-in module that will automatically do everything for you.
The demonstration code shown below is derived from actual code 
in production use. But you will need to make changes to tailor it 
to your application.

Changes to pages/version3.in.

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These changes taken together result in database files that are typically
25% to 35% smaller than the equivalent files in SQLite version 2.8.
</p>

<p>
Details of the low-level B-tree format used in SQLite version 3.0 can
be found in header comments to the 
<a href="http://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/btreeInt.h">btreeInt.h</a>
source file and in the [file format] documentation.
</p>

<h3>Manifest Typing and BLOB Support</h3>

<p>
SQLite version 2.8 will deal with data in various formats internally,







|







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These changes taken together result in database files that are typically
25% to 35% smaller than the equivalent files in SQLite version 2.8.
</p>

<p>
Details of the low-level B-tree format used in SQLite version 3.0 can
be found in header comments to the 
<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/src/finfo?name=src/btreeInt.h">btreeInt.h</a>
source file and in the [file format] documentation.
</p>

<h3>Manifest Typing and BLOB Support</h3>

<p>
SQLite version 2.8 will deal with data in various formats internally,

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       VXWorks only.
</ol>

<p>
The various unix VFSes differ only in the way they handle file locking -
they share most of their implementation in common with one another and
are all located in the same SQLite source file:  
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/os_unix.c | os_unix.c].
Note that except for "unix" and "unix-excl", the various unix VFSes all
use incompatible locking implementations.  If two processes are accessing
the same SQLite database using different unix VFSes, they may
not see each others locks and may end up interfering with one another,
resulting in database corruption.  The "unix-none" VFS in particular
does no locking at all and will easily result in database corruption if
used by two or more database connections at the same time.







|







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       VXWorks only.
</ol>

<p>
The various unix VFSes differ only in the way they handle file locking -
they share most of their implementation in common with one another and
are all located in the same SQLite source file:  
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/os_unix.c | os_unix.c].
Note that except for "unix" and "unix-excl", the various unix VFSes all
use incompatible locking implementations.  If two processes are accessing
the same SQLite database using different unix VFSes, they may
not see each others locks and may end up interfering with one another,
resulting in database corruption.  The "unix-none" VFS in particular
does no locking at all and will easily result in database corruption if
used by two or more database connections at the same time.
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just be a thin wrapper around another VFS that does the real work.
We call a wrapper VFS a "shim".
</p>

<p>
A simple example of a shim is the "vfstrace" VFS.  This is a VFS
(implemented in the 
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_vfstrace.c | test_vfstrace.c]
source file) that writes a message associated with each VFS method call
into a log file, then passes control off to another VFS to do the actual
work.
</p>

<h2>Other Example VFSes</h2>

<p>
The following are other VFS implementations available in the public
SQLite source tree:
</p>

<ul>
<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/file/ext/misc/appendvfs.c | appendvfs.c] -
This VFS allows an SQLite database to be appended to the end of some
other file.  This can be used, for example, to append an SQLite database
onto the end of an executable such that the executable where it can
then be easily located by the executable when needed.  The
[command-line shell] will use this VFS if launched with the --append
option.

<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_demovfs.c | test_demovfs.c] - 
This file implements a very simple VFS named "demo" that uses POSIX 
functions such as
open(), read(), write(), fsync(), close(), fsync(), sleep(), time(),
and so forth.  This VFS only works on unix systems.  But it is not
intended as a replacement for the standard "unix" VFS used by default
on unix platforms.  The "demo" VFS is deliberately kept very simple
so that it can be used as a learning aid or as template for building
other VFSes or for porting SQLite to new operating systems.

<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_quota.c | test_quota.c] - 
This file implements a shim called "quota" that enforces cumulative
file size limits on a collection of database files.  An auxiliary
interface is used to define "quota groups".  A quota group is a
set of files (database files, journals, and temporary files) whose
names all match a [GLOB] pattern.  The sum of the sizes of all files
in each quota group is tracked, and if that sum exceeds a threshold
defined for the quota group, a callback function is invoked.  That
callback can either increase the threshold or cause the operation
that would have exceeded the quota to fail with an 
[SQLITE_FULL] error.  One of the uses of this shim is used to enforce 
resource limits on application databases in Firefox.

<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_multiplex.c | test_multiplex.c] - 
This file implements a shim that allows database files to exceed the
maximum file size of the underlying filesystem.  This shim presents
an interface to the upper six layers of SQLite that makes it look like
very large files are being used, when in reality each such large file
is split up into many smaller files on the underlying system.
This shim has been used, for example, to allow databases to grow
larger than 2 gibibytes on FAT16 filesystems.

<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_onefile.c | test_onefile.c] - 
This file implements a demonstration VFS named "fs" that shows how SQLite 
can be used on an embedded device that lacks a filesystem.  Content is
written directly to the underlying media.  A VFS derived from this
demonstration code could be used by a gadget with a limited amount of
flash memory to make SQLite behave as the filesystem for the flash memory
on the device.

<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_journal.c | test_journal.c] - 
This file implements a shim used during SQLite testing that verifies that
the database and rollback journal are written in the correct order and
are "synced" at appropriate times in order to guarantee that the database
can recover from a power lose are hard reset at any time.  The shim
checks several invariants on the operation of databases and rollback
journals and raises exceptions if any of those invariants are violated.
These invariants, in turn, assure that the database is always recoverable.
Running a large suite of test cases using this shim provides added
assurance that SQLite databases will not be damaged by unexpected
power failures or device resets.

<li><p>
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_vfs.c | test_vfs.c] - 
This file implements a shim that can be used to simulate filesystem faults.
This shim is used during testing to verify that SQLite responses sanely
to hardware malfunctions or to other error conditions such as running out
of filesystem space that are difficult to test on a real system.
</ul>

<p>







|














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just be a thin wrapper around another VFS that does the real work.
We call a wrapper VFS a "shim".
</p>

<p>
A simple example of a shim is the "vfstrace" VFS.  This is a VFS
(implemented in the 
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_vfstrace.c | test_vfstrace.c]
source file) that writes a message associated with each VFS method call
into a log file, then passes control off to another VFS to do the actual
work.
</p>

<h2>Other Example VFSes</h2>

<p>
The following are other VFS implementations available in the public
SQLite source tree:
</p>

<ul>
<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/file/ext/misc/appendvfs.c | appendvfs.c] -
This VFS allows an SQLite database to be appended to the end of some
other file.  This can be used, for example, to append an SQLite database
onto the end of an executable such that the executable where it can
then be easily located by the executable when needed.  The
[command-line shell] will use this VFS if launched with the --append
option.

<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_demovfs.c | test_demovfs.c] - 
This file implements a very simple VFS named "demo" that uses POSIX 
functions such as
open(), read(), write(), fsync(), close(), fsync(), sleep(), time(),
and so forth.  This VFS only works on unix systems.  But it is not
intended as a replacement for the standard "unix" VFS used by default
on unix platforms.  The "demo" VFS is deliberately kept very simple
so that it can be used as a learning aid or as template for building
other VFSes or for porting SQLite to new operating systems.

<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_quota.c | test_quota.c] - 
This file implements a shim called "quota" that enforces cumulative
file size limits on a collection of database files.  An auxiliary
interface is used to define "quota groups".  A quota group is a
set of files (database files, journals, and temporary files) whose
names all match a [GLOB] pattern.  The sum of the sizes of all files
in each quota group is tracked, and if that sum exceeds a threshold
defined for the quota group, a callback function is invoked.  That
callback can either increase the threshold or cause the operation
that would have exceeded the quota to fail with an 
[SQLITE_FULL] error.  One of the uses of this shim is used to enforce 
resource limits on application databases in Firefox.

<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_multiplex.c | test_multiplex.c] - 
This file implements a shim that allows database files to exceed the
maximum file size of the underlying filesystem.  This shim presents
an interface to the upper six layers of SQLite that makes it look like
very large files are being used, when in reality each such large file
is split up into many smaller files on the underlying system.
This shim has been used, for example, to allow databases to grow
larger than 2 gibibytes on FAT16 filesystems.

<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_onefile.c | test_onefile.c] - 
This file implements a demonstration VFS named "fs" that shows how SQLite 
can be used on an embedded device that lacks a filesystem.  Content is
written directly to the underlying media.  A VFS derived from this
demonstration code could be used by a gadget with a limited amount of
flash memory to make SQLite behave as the filesystem for the flash memory
on the device.

<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_journal.c | test_journal.c] - 
This file implements a shim used during SQLite testing that verifies that
the database and rollback journal are written in the correct order and
are "synced" at appropriate times in order to guarantee that the database
can recover from a power lose are hard reset at any time.  The shim
checks several invariants on the operation of databases and rollback
journals and raises exceptions if any of those invariants are violated.
These invariants, in turn, assure that the database is always recoverable.
Running a large suite of test cases using this shim provides added
assurance that SQLite databases will not be damaged by unexpected
power failures or device resets.

<li><p>
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_vfs.c | test_vfs.c] - 
This file implements a shim that can be used to simulate filesystem faults.
This shim is used during testing to verify that SQLite responses sanely
to hardware malfunctions or to other error conditions such as running out
of filesystem space that are difficult to test on a real system.
</ul>

<p>

Changes to pages/vtab.in.

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<p>A [virtual table] that contains [hidden columns] can be used like
a table-valued function in the FROM clause of a [SELECT] statement.
The arguments to the table-valued function become constraints on 
the HIDDEN columns of the virtual table.

<p>For example, the "generate_series" extension (located in the
[http://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=ext/misc/series.c|ext/misc/series.c]
file in the [http://www.sqlite.org/src/tree?ci=trunk|source tree])
implements an [eponymous virtual table] with the following schema:

<codeblock>
CREATE TABLE generate_series(
  value,
  start HIDDEN,
  stop HIDDEN,







|
|







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<p>A [virtual table] that contains [hidden columns] can be used like
a table-valued function in the FROM clause of a [SELECT] statement.
The arguments to the table-valued function become constraints on 
the HIDDEN columns of the virtual table.

<p>For example, the "generate_series" extension (located in the
[https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact?ci=trunk&filename=ext/misc/series.c|ext/misc/series.c]
file in the [https://www.sqlite.org/src/tree?ci=trunk|source tree])
implements an [eponymous virtual table] with the following schema:

<codeblock>
CREATE TABLE generate_series(
  value,
  start HIDDEN,
  stop HIDDEN,

Changes to pages/withoutrowid.in.

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tables are implemented using ordinary B-Trees with content stored on both
leaves and intermediate nodes.  Storing content in 
intermediate nodes mean that each intermediate node entry takes up more
space on the page and thus reduces the fan-out, increasing the search cost.

<p>The "sqlite3_analyzer.exe" utility program, available as source code
in the SQLite source tree or as a precompiled binary on the
[http://www.sqlite.org/download.html | SQLite Download page], can be
used to measure the average sizes of table rows in an existing SQLite
database.</p>

<p>Note that except for a few corner-case differences detailed above,
WITHOUT ROWID tables and rowid tables work the same.  They both generate
the same answers given the same SQL statements.  So it is a simple matter
to run experiments on an application, late in the development cycle,







|







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242
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tables are implemented using ordinary B-Trees with content stored on both
leaves and intermediate nodes.  Storing content in 
intermediate nodes mean that each intermediate node entry takes up more
space on the page and thus reduces the fan-out, increasing the search cost.

<p>The "sqlite3_analyzer.exe" utility program, available as source code
in the SQLite source tree or as a precompiled binary on the
[https://www.sqlite.org/download.html | SQLite Download page], can be
used to measure the average sizes of table rows in an existing SQLite
database.</p>

<p>Note that except for a few corner-case differences detailed above,
WITHOUT ROWID tables and rowid tables work the same.  They both generate
the same answers given the same SQL statements.  So it is a simple matter
to run experiments on an application, late in the development cycle,