Documentation Source Text

<p>If the optional ESCAPE clause is present, then the expression
following the ESCAPE keyword must evaluate to a string consisting of
a single character. This character may be used in the LIKE pattern
to include literal percent or underscore characters. The escape
character followed by a percent symbol, underscore or itself matches a
literal percent symbol, underscore or escape character in the string,
respectively. The infix LIKE operator is implemented by calling the
user function <a href="#likeFunc"> like(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)</a>.</p>


The LIKE operator is not case sensitive and will match upper case
characters on one side against lower case characters on the other.  
(A bug: SQLite only understands upper/lower case for 7-bit Latin
characters.  Hence the LIKE operator is case sensitive for 8-bit
iso8859 characters or UTF-8 characters.  For example, the expression
<b>'a'&nbsp;LIKE&nbsp;'A'</b> is TRUE but
................................................................................

<tcl>hd_fragment glob GLOB</tcl>
<p>The GLOB operator is similar to LIKE but uses the Unix
file globbing syntax for its wildcards.  Also, GLOB is case
sensitive, unlike LIKE.  Both GLOB and LIKE may be preceded by
the NOT keyword to invert the sense of the test.  The infix GLOB 
operator is implemented by calling the function
[GLOB | glob(<i>X</i>,<i>Y</i>)] and can be modified by overriding
that function.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment regexp REGEXP</tcl>
<p>The REGEXP operator is a special syntax for the regexp()
user function.  No regexp() user function is defined by default
and so use of the REGEXP operator will normally result in an
error message.  If a user-defined function named "regexp"
................................................................................
  Return a copy of the first non-NULL argument.  If
  all arguments are NULL then NULL is returned.  There must be at least 
  2 arguments.
}

funcdef {glob(X,Y)} {} {
  This function is used to implement the
  "<b>X GLOB Y</b>" syntax of SQLite.


  The [sqlite3_create_function()]
  interface can
  be used to override this function and thereby change the operation
  of the [GLOB] operator.</td>
}

funcdef {ifnull(X,Y)} {} {
................................................................................
funcdef {length(X)} {} {
  Return the string length of <i>X</i> in characters.
  If SQLite is configured to support UTF-8, then the number of UTF-8
  characters is returned, not the number of bytes.
}

funcdef {like(X,Y) like(X,Y,Z)} {} {
  This function is used to implement the "<b>X LIKE Y &#91;ESCAPE Z&#93;</b>"
  syntax of SQL. If the optional ESCAPE clause is present, then the
  user-function is invoked with three arguments. Otherwise, it is
  invoked with two arguments only. The 

  [sqlite3_create_function()] interface can be used to override this
  function and thereby change the operation of the
  [LIKE] operator. When doing this, it may be important
  to override both the two and three argument versions of the like() 
  function. Otherwise, different code may be called to implement the
  [LIKE] operator depending on whether or not an ESCAPE clause was 
  specified.
}

<p>If the optional ESCAPE clause is present, then the expression
following the ESCAPE keyword must evaluate to a string consisting of
a single character. This character may be used in the LIKE pattern
to include literal percent or underscore characters. The escape
character followed by a percent symbol, underscore or itself matches a
literal percent symbol, underscore or escape character in the string,
respectively. The infix LIKE operator is implemented by calling the
application-defined SQL functions [like(<i>Y</i>,<i>X</i>)] or
[like(<i>Y</i>,<i>X</i>,<i>Z</i>)]</a>.</p>

The LIKE operator is not case sensitive and will match upper case
characters on one side against lower case characters on the other.  
(A bug: SQLite only understands upper/lower case for 7-bit Latin
characters.  Hence the LIKE operator is case sensitive for 8-bit
iso8859 characters or UTF-8 characters.  For example, the expression
<b>'a'&nbsp;LIKE&nbsp;'A'</b> is TRUE but
................................................................................

<tcl>hd_fragment glob GLOB</tcl>
<p>The GLOB operator is similar to LIKE but uses the Unix
file globbing syntax for its wildcards.  Also, GLOB is case
sensitive, unlike LIKE.  Both GLOB and LIKE may be preceded by
the NOT keyword to invert the sense of the test.  The infix GLOB 
operator is implemented by calling the function
[glob(<i>Y</i>,<i>X</i>)] and can be modified by overriding
that function.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment regexp REGEXP</tcl>
<p>The REGEXP operator is a special syntax for the regexp()
user function.  No regexp() user function is defined by default
and so use of the REGEXP operator will normally result in an
error message.  If a user-defined function named "regexp"
................................................................................
  Return a copy of the first non-NULL argument.  If
  all arguments are NULL then NULL is returned.  There must be at least 
  2 arguments.
}

funcdef {glob(X,Y)} {} {
  This function is used to implement the
  "<b>Y GLOB X</b>" syntax of SQLite.
  Note that the X and Y arguments are reversed in the glob() function
  relative to the infix [GLOB] operator.
  The [sqlite3_create_function()]
  interface can
  be used to override this function and thereby change the operation
  of the [GLOB] operator.</td>
}

funcdef {ifnull(X,Y)} {} {
................................................................................
funcdef {length(X)} {} {
  Return the string length of <i>X</i> in characters.
  If SQLite is configured to support UTF-8, then the number of UTF-8
  characters is returned, not the number of bytes.
}

funcdef {like(X,Y) like(X,Y,Z)} {} {
  This function is used to implement the "<b>Y LIKE X &#91;ESCAPE Z&#93;</b>"
  syntax of SQL. If the optional ESCAPE clause is present, then the
  user-function is invoked with three arguments. Otherwise, it is
  invoked with two arguments only. Note that the X and Y parameters are
  reversed in the like() function relative to the infix [LIKE] operator.
  The [sqlite3_create_function()] interface can be used to override this
  function and thereby change the operation of the
  [LIKE] operator. When doing this, it may be important
  to override both the two and three argument versions of the like() 
  function. Otherwise, different code may be called to implement the
  [LIKE] operator depending on whether or not an ESCAPE clause was 
  specified.
}