Documentation Source Text

<p>^The LIKE operator does a pattern matching comparison. ^The operand
to the right of the LIKE operator contains the pattern and the left hand
operand contains the string to match against the pattern.

<tcl>hd_puts "^A percent symbol (\"%\") in the LIKE pattern matches any
sequence of zero or more characters in the string.  ^An underscore
(\"_\") in the LIKE pattern matches any single character in the
string.  ^(Any other character matches itself or its lower/upper case
equivalent (i.e. case-insensitive matching).)^  (A bug: ^SQLite only
understands upper/lower case for ASCII characters by default.  ^The
LIKE operator is case sensitive by default for unicode characters that are
beyond the ASCII range.  For example,
^the expression <b>'a'&nbsp;LIKE&nbsp;'A'</b>
is TRUE but <b>'&aelig;'&nbsp;LIKE&nbsp;'&AElig;'</b> is FALSE.)<p>"</tcl>

application-defined function.  ^The default match() function implementation
raises an exception and is not really useful for anything.
^But extensions can override the match() function with more
helpful logic.</p>

<tcl>hd_fragment between BETWEEN</tcl>
<h3>The BETWEEN operator</h3>
<p>^(The BETWEEN operator is logically equivalent to a pair of comparisons.
"<i>x</i> <b>BETWEEN</b> <i>y</i> <b>AND</b> <i>z</i>" is 
equivalent to 
"<i>x</i><b>&gt;=</b><i>y</i> <b>AND</b> <i>x</i><b>&lt;=</b><i>z</i>" except
that with BETWEEN, the <i>x</i> expression is only evaluated once.)^
^The precedence of the BETWEEN operator is the same as the precedence
as operators <b>==</b> and <b>!=</b> and <b>LIKE</b> and groups left to right.

<tcl>hd_fragment case {CASE expression}</tcl>
<h3>The CASE expression</h3>
<p>A CASE expression serves a role similar to IF-THEN-ELSE in other
programming languages.  ^WHEN expressions are evaluated from left to

  arbitrary.
}

funcdef {max(X)} {*maxAggFunc *agg_max {max() aggregate function}} {
  ^The max() aggregate function
  returns the maximum value of all values in the group.
  ^The maximum value is the value that would be returned last in an
  ORDER BY on the same column.  ^Aggregate max() returns NULL 
  if and only if there are no non-NULL values in the group.
}

funcdef {min(X)} {*minAggFunc *agg_min {min() aggregate function}} {
  ^The min() aggregate function
  returns the minimum non-NULL value of all values in the group.
  ^The minimum value is the first non-NULL value that would appear
  in an ORDER BY of the column.
  ^Aggregate min() returns NULL if and only if there are no non-NULL
  values in the group.
}

funcdef {sum(X) total(X)} {
  *sumFunc *sum *total
  {sum() aggregate function}
  {total() aggregate function}
} {

<h3>Restrictions on UPDATE Statements Within CREATE TRIGGER</h3>

<p>^There are additional syntax restrictions on UPDATE statements that
occur within the body of a [CREATE TRIGGER] statement.  ^The <i>table-name</i>
of the UPDATE must be unqualified. 
^(In other words, the <i>database-name</i><b>.</b> prefix 
on the table name of the UPDATE is not allowed within triggers.)^
^The table to be updated must be in the same
database as the table to which the trigger is attached.</p>

<p>^The INDEXED BY and NOT INDEXED clauses are not allowed on UPDATE
statements within triggers.</p>

<p>^The LIMIT clause for UPDATE is unsupported within triggers.</p>

<p>^VACUUM only works on the main database.
It is not possible to VACUUM an attached database file.</p>

<p>^The VACUUM command will fail if there is an active transaction.
^The VACUUM command is a no-op for in-memory databases.</p>

<p>^(As of SQLite version 3.1, an alternative to using the VACUUM command
is auto-vacuum mode, enabled using the 
[auto_vacuum] pragma.)^  ^When [auto_vacuum] is enabled for a database, 
large deletes cause
the size of the database file to shrink.  However, [auto_vacuum]
also causes excess fragmentation of the database file.  ^And [auto_vacuum]
does not compact partially filled pages of the database as VACUUM
does.</p>

<p>^The [page_size] and/or [auto_vacuum] mode of a database can be changed

<p>
<blockquote>
<table>
<tr>	<td valign="top"><b>'keyword'</b></td><td width="20"></td>
	<td>^A keyword in single quotes is a string literal.</td></tr>

<tr>	<td valign="top"><b>"keyword"</b></td><td></td>
	<td>^A keyword in double-quotes is an identifier.</td></tr>

<tr>	<td valign="top"><b>&#91;keyword&#93;</b></td><td></td>
	<td>^A keyword enclosed in square brackets is 
        an identifier.  This is not standard SQL.  This quoting mechanism
        is used by MS Access and SQL Server and is included in SQLite for
        compatibility.</td></tr>