Documentation Source Text

<title>The SQLite Amalgamation</title>


<h2>The SQLite Amalgamation</h2>

<p>The core SQLite library consists of about 76 files of C code
(as of version 3.6.0) in the core with 11 additional files
in the FTS3 and RTREE extensions.
Most of these are "source" files in the sense that they are stored 

<title>The SQLite Amalgamation</title>
<tcl>hd_keywords {amalgamation} {the amalgamation}</tcl>

<h2>The SQLite Amalgamation</h2>

<p>The core SQLite library consists of about 76 files of C code
(as of version 3.6.0) in the core with 11 additional files
in the FTS3 and RTREE extensions.
Most of these are "source" files in the sense that they are stored 

<li> [SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER]  </li>
</ul>

<a name="controlfeatures"></a>
<h2>1.3 Options To Control Operating Characteristics</h2>

<tcl>











COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_THREADSAFE=<i>&lt;0 or 1&gt;</i>} {
  This option controls whether or not code is included in SQLite to
  enable it to operate safely in a multithreaded environment.  The
  default is SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 which is safe for use in a multithreaded
  environment.  When compiled with SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 all mutexing code
  is omitted and it is unsafe to use SQLite in a multithreaded program.

................................................................................
  Additional information can be found in [tempstore | tempfiles.html].
}
</tcl>

<a name="enablefeatures"></a>
<h2>1.4 Options To Enable Features Normally Turned Off</h2>











































































<a name="omitfeatures"></a>
<h2>1.5 Options To Omit Features</h2>

<p>The following options are used to reduce the size of the compiled
library by omiting optional features. This is probably only useful
in embedded systems where space is especially tight, as even with all
features included the SQLite library is relatively small. Don't forget
to tell your compiler to optimize for binary size! (the -Os option if
using GCC).</p>



<p>The macros in this section do not require values. The following 
compilation switches all have the same effect:<br>
-DSQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE<br>
-DSQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE=1<br>
-DSQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE=0
</p>

<p>If any of these options are defined, then the same set of SQLITE_OMIT_XXX
options must also be defined when using the 'lemon' tool to generate a parse.c
file. Because of this, these options may only used when the library is built
from source, not from the collection of pre-packaged C files provided for
non-UNIX like platforms on the website.
</p>






<tcl>
COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE} {
  When this option is defined, the 
  [ALTER TABLE] command is not included in the 
  library. Executing an [ALTER TABLE] statement causes a parse error.
}











COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION} {
  Defining this option omits the authorization callback feature from the
  library. The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] API function is not present
  in the library.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM} {
  If this option is defined, the library cannot create or write to 
  databases that support [auto_vacuum].
  Executing a [PRAGMA auto_vacuum] statement is not an error
  (since unknown PRAGMAs are silently ignored), but does not return a value
  or modify the auto-vacuum flag in the database file. If a database that
  supports auto-vacuum is opened by a library compiled with this option, it
  is automatically opened in read-only mode.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT} {
  This option is used to omit the 
  [AUTOINCREMENT] functionality. When this 
  is macro is defined, columns declared as 
  "[INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] AUTOINCREMENT"
  behave in the same way as columns declared as "[INTEGER PRIMARY KEY]" when a 
  NULL is inserted. The sqlite_sequence system table is neither created, nor
  respected if it already exists.
}





























COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL} {
  When this option is defined, it is not possible to specify a blob in
  an SQL statement using the X'ABCD' syntax.
}
















COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE} {
  This option causes the [sqlite3_complete()] and [sqlite3_complete16()]
  interfaces to be omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT} {
................................................................................

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS} {
  If this option is defined, SQLite's built-in date and time manipulation
  functions are omitted. Specifically, the SQL functions julianday(), date(),
  time(), datetime() and strftime() are not available. The default column
  values CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE and CURRENT_DATETIME are still available.
}












COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN} {
  Defining this option causes the [EXPLAIN] command to be omitted from the
  library. Attempting to execute an [EXPLAIN] statement will cause a parse
  error.
}






COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT} {
  This option is used to omit floating-point number support from the SQLite
  library. When specified, specifying a floating point number as a literal 
  (i.e. "1.01") results in a parse error.

  <p>In the future, this option may also disable other floating point 
................................................................................
  </p>
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY} {
  If this option is defined, FOREIGN KEY clauses in column declarations are
  ignored.
}











COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK} {
  This option may be used to omit the 
  [integrity_check] PRAGMA.


















}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB} {
  When this is defined, the library does not respect the special database
  name ":memory:" (normally used to create an in-memory database). If 
  ":memory:" is passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
  [sqlite3_open_v2()], a file with this name will be 
  opened or created.
}






COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS} {
  Defining this option omits pragmas related to the pager subsystem from 
  the build.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA} {
................................................................................

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK} {
  This option may be defined to omit the capability to issue "progress" 
  callbacks during long-running SQL statements. The 
  [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
  API function is not present in the library.
}







COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX} {
  When this option is defined, the [REINDEX]
  command is not included in the library.
  Executing a [REINDEX] statement causes 
  a parse error.
}
................................................................................
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS} {
  Defining this option omits pragmas for querying and modifying the 
  database schema version and user version from the build. Specifically, the 
  [schema_version] and [user_version] PRAGMAs are omitted.
}








COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY} {
  If defined, support for sub-selects and the IN() operator are omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE} {
  If this macro is defined, then the special "$<variable-name>" syntax
  used to automatically bind SQL variables to TCL variables is omitted.
}










COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER} {
  Defining this option omits support for VIEW objects. Neither the 
  [CREATE TRIGGER] or [DROP TRIGGER]
  commands are available in this case, and attempting to execute
  either will result in a parse error.

................................................................................
  [CREATE VIEW] nor the [DROP VIEW]
  commands are available in this case, and
  attempting to execute either will result in a parse error.

  WARNING: If this macro is defined, it will not be possible to open a database
  for which the schema contains VIEW objects. 
}










</tcl>

<li> [SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER]  </li>
</ul>

<a name="controlfeatures"></a>
<h2>1.3 Options To Control Operating Characteristics</h2>

<tcl>
COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE} {
  This compile-time option causes SQLite to overwrite deleted
  information with zeros in addition to marking the space
  as available for reuse.  Without this option, deleted data
  might be recoverable from a database using a binary editor.
  However, there is a performance penalty for using this option.

  This option does <u>not</u> cause deleted data is securely
  removed from the underlying storage media.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_THREADSAFE=<i>&lt;0 or 1&gt;</i>} {
  This option controls whether or not code is included in SQLite to
  enable it to operate safely in a multithreaded environment.  The
  default is SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 which is safe for use in a multithreaded
  environment.  When compiled with SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 all mutexing code
  is omitted and it is unsafe to use SQLite in a multithreaded program.

................................................................................
  Additional information can be found in [tempstore | tempfiles.html].
}
</tcl>

<a name="enablefeatures"></a>
<h2>1.4 Options To Enable Features Normally Turned Off</h2>

<tcl>
COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE} {
  If this C-preprocessor macro is defined and if the
  xDeviceCharacteristics method of [sqlite3_io_methods] object for
  a database file reports (via one of the [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC] bits)
  that the filesystem supports atomic writes and if a transaction
  involves a change to only a single page of the database file,
  then the transaction commits with just a single write request of
  a single page of the database and no rollback journal is created
  or written.  On filesystems that support atomic writes, this
  optimization can result in significant speed improvements for
  small updates.  However, few filesystems support this capability
  and the code paths that check for this capability slow down write
  performance on systems that lack atomic write capability, so this
  feature is disabled by default.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA} {
  When this C-preprocessor macro is defined, SQLite includes some
  additional APIs that provide convenient access to meta-data about
  tables and queries.  The APIs that are enabled by this option are:

  <ul>
  <li> [sqlite3_column_database_name()] </li>
  <li> [sqlite3_column_database_name16()] </li>
  <li> [sqlite3_column_table_name()] </li>
  <li> [sqlite3_column_table_name16()] </li>
  <li> [sqlite3_column_origin_name()] </li>
  <li> [sqlite3_column_origin_name16()] </li>
  <li> [sqlite3_table_column_metadata()] </li>
  </ul>
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3} {
  When this option is defined in the [amalgamation], version 3
  of the full-text search engine is added to the build automatically.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU} {
  This option causes the 
  <a href="http://www.icu-project.org/">International Components for Unicode</a>
  or "ICU" extension to SQLite to be added to the build.  
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE} {
  When both the SQLite core and the [Command Line Interface] (CLI) are both 
  compiled with this option, then the CLI provides an extra command
  named ".iotrace" that provides a low-level log of I/O activity.
  This option is experimental and may be discontinued in a future release.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE} {
  This option enables additional logic in the OS interface layer for
  Mac OS X.  The additional logic attempts to determine the type of the
  underlying filesystem and choose and alternative locking strategy
  that works correctly for that filesystem type.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT} {
  This option adds extra logic to SQLite that allows it to release unused
  memory upon request.  This option must be enabled in order for the
  [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface to work.  If this compile-time
  option is not used, the [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface is a 
  no-op.  Since [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()] depends on
  [sqlite3_release_memory()], this option is also necessary for
  the correct operation of [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit()].
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE} {
  This option causes SQLite to include support for the R*Tree index
  extension.
}
</tcl>

<a name="omitfeatures"></a>
<h2>1.5 Options To Omit Features</h2>

<p>The following options can used to reduce the size of the compiled
library by omitting optional features. This is probably only useful
in embedded systems where space is especially tight, as even with all
features included the SQLite library is relatively small. Don't forget
to tell your compiler to optimize for binary size! (the -Os option if
using GCC).  Telling your compiler to optimize for size usually has
a much large impact on library footprint than employing any of these
compile-time options.</p>

<p>The macros in this section do not require values. The following 
compilation switches all have the same effect:<br>
-DSQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE<br>
-DSQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE=1<br>
-DSQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE=0
</p>

<p>If any of these options are defined, then the same set of SQLITE_OMIT_XXX
options must also be defined when using the 'lemon' tool to generate a parse.c
file. Because of this, these options may only be used when the library is built
from source, not from the [amalgamation] or from the collection of
pre-packaged C files provided for non-UNIX like platforms on the website.
</p>

<p>These "OMIT" options are considered unsupported.  Any of these
options may be removed from the code in a future release
and without warning.  For any particular release, some of these
options may cause compile-time or run-time failures.</p>

<tcl>
COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE} {
  When this option is defined, the 
  [ALTER TABLE] command is not included in the 
  library. Executing an [ALTER TABLE] statement causes a parse error.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE} {
  When this option is defined, the [ANALYZE] command is omitted from
  the build.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH} {
  When this option is defined, the [ATTACH] and [DETACH] commands are
  omitted from the build.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION} {
  Defining this option omits the authorization callback feature from the
  library. The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] API function is not present
  in the library.
}











COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT} {
  This option is used to omit the 
  [AUTOINCREMENT] functionality. When this 
  is macro is defined, columns declared as 
  "[INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] AUTOINCREMENT"
  behave in the same way as columns declared as "[INTEGER PRIMARY KEY]" when a 
  NULL is inserted. The sqlite_sequence system table is neither created, nor
  respected if it already exists.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT} {
  For backwards compatibility with older versions of SQLite that lack
  the [sqlite3_initialize()] interface, the [sqlite3_initialize()] interface
  is called automatically upon entry to certain key interfaces such as
  [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_vfs_register()], and [sqlite3_mprintf()].
  The overhead of invoking [sqlite3_initialize()] automatically in this
  way may be omitted by building SQLite with the SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  C-preprocessor macro.  When built using SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT, SQLite
  will not automatically initialize itself and the application is required
  to invoke [sqlite3_initialize()] directly prior to beginning use of the
  SQLite library.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM} {
  If this option is defined, the library cannot create or write to 
  databases that support [auto_vacuum].
  Executing a [PRAGMA auto_vacuum] statement is not an error
  (since unknown PRAGMAs are silently ignored), but does not return a value
  or modify the auto-vacuum flag in the database file. If a database that
  supports auto-vacuum is opened by a library compiled with this option, it
  is automatically opened in read-only mode.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION} {
  This option disables the use of indices with WHERE clause terms
  that employ the BETWEEN operator.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL} {
  When this option is defined, it is not possible to specify a blob in
  an SQL statement using the X'ABCD' syntax.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST} {
  A standard SQLite build includes a small amount of logic controlled
  by the [sqlite3_test_control()] interface that is used to exercise
  parts of the SQLite core that are difficult to control and measure using
  the standard API.  This option omits that built-in test logic.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_CAST} {
  This option causes SQLite to omit support for the CAST operator.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK} {
  This option causes SQLite to omit support for CHECK constraints.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE} {
  This option causes the [sqlite3_complete()] and [sqlite3_complete16()]
  interfaces to be omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT} {
................................................................................

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS} {
  If this option is defined, SQLite's built-in date and time manipulation
  functions are omitted. Specifically, the SQL functions julianday(), date(),
  time(), datetime() and strftime() are not available. The default column
  values CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE and CURRENT_DATETIME are still available.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE} {
  This option causes SQLite to omit support for the
  [sqlite3_column_decltype()] and [sqlite3_column_decltype16()]
  interfaces.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO} {
  This option omits all support for writing to the disk and forces
  databases to exist in memory only.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN} {
  Defining this option causes the [EXPLAIN] command to be omitted from the
  library. Attempting to execute an [EXPLAIN] statement will cause a parse
  error.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS} {
  This option omits support for a subset of [PRAGMA] commands that
  query and set boolean properties.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT} {
  This option is used to omit floating-point number support from the SQLite
  library. When specified, specifying a floating point number as a literal 
  (i.e. "1.01") results in a parse error.

  <p>In the future, this option may also disable other floating point 
................................................................................
  </p>
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY} {
  If this option is defined, FOREIGN KEY clauses in column declarations are
  ignored.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE} {
  This option causes support for [sqlite3_get_table()] and
  [sqlite3_free_table()] to be omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB} {
  This option causes support for [sqlite3_blob | incremental BLOB I/O]
  to be omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK} {

  This option omits support for the [integrity_check pragma].
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION} {
  This option disable the ability of SQLite to use indices to help
  resolve [LIKE] and [GLOB] operators in a WHERE clause.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION} {
  This option omits the entire extension loading mechanism from
  SQLite, including [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] and
  [sqlite3_load_extension()] interfaces.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME} {
  This option omits the "localtime" modifier from the date and time
  functions.  This option is sometimes useful when trying to compile
  the date and time functions on a platform that does not support the
  concept of local time.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB} {
  When this is defined, the library does not respect the special database
  name ":memory:" (normally used to create an in-memory database). If 
  ":memory:" is passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
  [sqlite3_open_v2()], a file with this name will be 
  opened or created.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION} {
  This option disables the ability of SQLite to use an index together
  with terms of a WHERE clause connected by the OR operator.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS} {
  Defining this option omits pragmas related to the pager subsystem from 
  the build.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA} {
................................................................................

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK} {
  This option may be defined to omit the capability to issue "progress" 
  callbacks during long-running SQL statements. The 
  [sqlite3_progress_handler()]
  API function is not present in the library.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE} {
  This option omits an alternative, faster B-Tree balancing routine.
  Using this option makes SQLite slightly smaller at the expense of
  making it run slightly slower.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX} {
  When this option is defined, the [REINDEX]
  command is not included in the library.
  Executing a [REINDEX] statement causes 
  a parse error.
}
................................................................................
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS} {
  Defining this option omits pragmas for querying and modifying the 
  database schema version and user version from the build. Specifically, the 
  [schema_version] and [user_version] PRAGMAs are omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE} {
  This option builds SQLite without support for shared-cache mode.
  The [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()] is omitted along with a fair
  amount of logic within the B-Tree subsystem associated with shared
  cache management.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY} {
  If defined, support for sub-selects and the IN() operator are omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE} {
  If this macro is defined, then the special "$<variable-name>" syntax
  used to automatically bind SQL variables to TCL variables is omitted.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB} {
  This option omits support for TEMP or TEMPORARY tables.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE} {
  This option omits support for the [sqlite3_profile()] and
  [sqlite3_trace()] interfaces and their associated logic.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER} {
  Defining this option omits support for VIEW objects. Neither the 
  [CREATE TRIGGER] or [DROP TRIGGER]
  commands are available in this case, and attempting to execute
  either will result in a parse error.

................................................................................
  [CREATE VIEW] nor the [DROP VIEW]
  commands are available in this case, and
  attempting to execute either will result in a parse error.

  WARNING: If this macro is defined, it will not be possible to open a database
  for which the schema contains VIEW objects. 
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE} {
  This option omits support for the [sqlite3_vtab | Virtual Table]
  mechanism in SQLite.
}

COMPILE_OPTION {SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT} {
  This option omits support for optimizations that help statements
  of the form "INSERT INTO ... SELECT ..." run faster.
}
</tcl>

<title>sqlite3: A command-line access program for SQLite databases</title>


<h2>sqlite3: A command-line access program for SQLite databases</h2>

<p>The SQLite library includes a simple command-line utility named
<b>sqlite3</b> that allows the user to manually enter and execute SQL
commands against an SQLite database.  This document provides a brief
introduction on how to use <b>sqlite3</b>.

<title>sqlite3: A command-line access program for SQLite databases</title>
<tcl>hd_keywords {CLI} {Command Line Interface}</tcl>

<h2>sqlite3: A command-line access program for SQLite databases</h2>

<p>The SQLite library includes a simple command-line utility named
<b>sqlite3</b> that allows the user to manually enter and execute SQL
commands against an SQLite database.  This document provides a brief
introduction on how to use <b>sqlite3</b>.