Documentation Source Text

  create-virtual-table-stmt {
    stack
       {line CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE {opt IF NOT EXISTS}}
       {line {optx /database-name .} /table-name}
       {line USING /module-name {optx ( {loop /module-argument ,} )}}
  }
  with-clause {
    stack

      {line WITH {opt RECURSIVE}}


      {loop {line /table-name {optx ( {loop /column-name ,} )}






            AS ( select-stmt )} ,}
  }
  delete-stmt {
    stack
      {line {opt with-clause} DELETE FROM qualified-table-name}
      {optx WHERE expr}
  }
  delete-stmt-limited {
................................................................................
             /collation-name
             {line {optx /database-name .}
                 {tailbranch /table-name /index-name}
             }
          }
  }
  select-stmt {


    stack
       {line {opt with-clause}
             {loop simple-query-stmt {nil compound-operator nil}}}








       {optx ORDER BY {loop ordering-term ,}}
       {optx LIMIT expr {optx {or OFFSET ,} expr}}
  }




  simple-query-stmt {

    stack

       {line SELECT {or nil DISTINCT ALL} {loop result-column ,}}

       {optx FROM join-source}


       {optx WHERE expr}
       {optx GROUP BY {loop expr ,} {optx HAVING expr}}


  }
  result-column {
     or
        *
        {line /table-name . *}
        {line expr {optx {optx AS} /column-alias}}

  }
  join-source {
     line
        simple-join-source
        {opt {loop {line nil join-op simple-join-source join-constraint nil} {}}}






  }
  simple-join-source {

     or
       {line ( join-source )}
       {line
          ( select-stmt ) {optx {optx AS} /table-alias}
       }
       {stack
          {line
             {optx /database-name .} /table-name
             {optx {optx AS} /table-alias}
          }
          {or nil {line INDEXED BY /index-name} {line NOT INDEXED}}
       }





  }







  join-op {
     or
        {line ,}
        {line
            {opt NATURAL}
            {or  nil {line LEFT {or OUTER nil}} INNER CROSS}
            JOIN
        }
................................................................................
        {line USING ( {loop /column-name ,} )}
        nil
  }
  ordering-term {
      line expr {opt COLLATE /collation-name} {or nil ASC DESC} 
  }
  compound-operator {
     or {line UNION {optx ALL}} INTERSECT EXCEPT
  }
  update-stmt {
     stack
        {line {opt with-clause} UPDATE {or {} {line OR ROLLBACK}
                                     {line OR ABORT}
                                     {line OR REPLACE}
                                     {line OR FAIL}

  create-virtual-table-stmt {
    stack
       {line CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE {opt IF NOT EXISTS}}
       {line {optx /database-name .} /table-name}
       {line USING /module-name {optx ( {loop /module-argument ,} )}}
  }
  with-clause {

    line
      WITH {opt RECURSIVE} {loop {line cte-table-name AS ( select-stmt )} ,}
  }
  cte-table-name {
    line /table-name {optx ( {loop /column-name ,} )}
  }
  recursive-cte {
    line cte-table-name AS 
       ( /initial-select {or UNION {line UNION ALL}} /recursive-select )
  }
  common-table-expression {
    line  /table-name {optx ( {loop /column-name ,} )} AS ( select-stmt )
  }
  delete-stmt {
    stack
      {line {opt with-clause} DELETE FROM qualified-table-name}
      {optx WHERE expr}
  }
  delete-stmt-limited {
................................................................................
             /collation-name
             {line {optx /database-name .}
                 {tailbranch /table-name /index-name}
             }
          }
  }
  select-stmt {
   loop 
     {or
        {stack


            {opt {line WITH {opt RECURSIVE} {loop common-table-expression ,}}}
            {line SELECT {or nil DISTINCT ALL}
                                           {loop result-column ,}}
            {optx FROM {loop
                          table-or-subquery
                          {join-operator table-or-subquery join-constraint}}}
            {optx WHERE expr}
            {optx GROUP BY {loop expr ,} {optx HAVING expr}}
            {optx ORDER BY {loop ordering-term ,}}
            {optx LIMIT expr {optx {or OFFSET ,} expr}}
        }
        {line VALUES {loop {line ( {loop expr ,} )} ,}}
     }
     compound-operator
  }
  simple-select-stmt {
     or
        {stack
            {opt {line WITH {opt RECURSIVE} {loop common-table-expression ,}}}
            {line SELECT {or nil DISTINCT ALL}
                                           {loop result-column ,}}
            {optx FROM {loop
                          table-or-subquery
                          {join-operator table-or-subquery join-constraint}}}
            {optx WHERE expr}
            {optx GROUP BY {loop expr ,} {optx HAVING expr}}
            {optx ORDER BY {loop ordering-term ,}}
            {optx LIMIT expr {optx {or OFFSET ,} expr}}
        }





        {line VALUES {loop {line ( {loop expr ,} )} ,}}
  }




  compound-select-stmt {
    stack
      {opt {line WITH {opt RECURSIVE} {loop common-table-expression ,}}}
      {line simple-select-stmt {loop
                    {line {or UNION {line UNION ALL} INTERSECT EXCEPT}
                          simple-select-stmt} nil}}
  }

  table-or-subquery {
     or




       {stack
          {line
             {optx /database-name .} /table-name
             {optx {optx AS} /table-alias}
          }
          {or nil {line INDEXED BY /index-name} {line NOT INDEXED}}
       }
       {line ( {loop
                          table-or-subquery
                          {join-op table-or-subquery join-constraint}} )}
       {line
          ( select-stmt ) {optx {optx AS} /table-alias}
       }
  }
  result-column {
     or
        *
        {line /table-name . *}
        {line expr {optx {optx AS} /column-alias}}
  }
  join-operator {
     or
        {line ,}
        {line
            {opt NATURAL}
            {or  nil {line LEFT {or OUTER nil}} INNER CROSS}
            JOIN
        }
................................................................................
        {line USING ( {loop /column-name ,} )}
        nil
  }
  ordering-term {
      line expr {opt COLLATE /collation-name} {or nil ASC DESC} 
  }
  compound-operator {
     or UNION {line UNION ALL} INTERSECT EXCEPT
  }
  update-stmt {
     stack
        {line {opt with-clause} UPDATE {or {} {line OR ROLLBACK}
                                     {line OR ABORT}
                                     {line OR REPLACE}
                                     {line OR FAIL}

    set x0 [expr {$x-$r}]
    set x1 [expr {$x+$r}]
    .c create arc $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
          -width 2 -start 90 -extent -180 -tags $tag -style arc
  }
}

# Draw a left-hand turn around.  Approximatley a "("
#
proc draw_left_turnback {tag x y0 y1 dir} {
  global RADIUS
  if {$y0 + 2*$RADIUS < $y1} {
    set xr0 [expr {$x-$RADIUS}]
    set xr1 [expr {$x+$RADIUS}]
    .c create arc $xr0 $y0 $xr1 [expr {$y0+2*$RADIUS}] \
................................................................................
  }
  set id1 [.c create text 0 0 -anchor c -text $txt -font $font -tags $tag]
  foreach {x0 y0 x1 y1} [.c bbox $id1] break
  set h [expr {$y1-$y0+2}]
  set rad [expr {($h+1)/2}]
  set top [expr {$y0-2}]
  set btm [expr {$y1}]


  set left [expr {$x0+3*$istoken}]
  set right [expr {$x1-3*$istoken}]
  if {$left>$right} {
    set left [expr {($x0+$x1)/2}]
    set right $left
  }


  if {$istoken} {
    .c create arc [expr {$left-$rad}] $top [expr {$left+$rad}] $btm \
         -width 2 -start 90 -extent 180 -style arc -tags $tag
    .c create arc [expr {$right-$rad}] $top [expr {$right+$rad}] $btm \
         -width 2 -start -90 -extent 180 -style arc -tags $tag
    if {$left<$right} {
      .c create line $left $top $right $top -width 2 -tags $tag
      .c create line $left $btm $right $btm -width 2 -tags $tag
    }
  } else {
    .c create rect $left $top $right $btm -width 2 -tags $tag
  }
  foreach {x0 y0 x1 y1} [.c bbox $tag] break
  set width [expr {$x1-$x0}]
  .c move $tag [expr {-$x0}] 0

  # Entry is always 0 0
  # Return:  TAG EXIT_X EXIT_Y
  #
  return [list $tag $width 0]
................................................................................
    set args [lrange $spec 1 end]
    if {[llength $args]==1} {
      return [draw_or [list [lindex $args 0] nil]]
    } else {
      return [draw_or [list "line $args" nil]]
    }
  }




  if {$cmd=="tailbranch"} {
    # return [draw_tail_branch [lrange $spec 1 end]]
    return [draw_or [lrange $spec 1 end]]
  }
  error "unknown operator: $cmd"
}

    set x0 [expr {$x-$r}]
    set x1 [expr {$x+$r}]
    .c create arc $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
          -width 2 -start 90 -extent -180 -tags $tag -style arc
  }
}

# Draw a left-hand turn around.  Approximately a "("
#
proc draw_left_turnback {tag x y0 y1 dir} {
  global RADIUS
  if {$y0 + 2*$RADIUS < $y1} {
    set xr0 [expr {$x-$RADIUS}]
    set xr1 [expr {$x+$RADIUS}]
    .c create arc $xr0 $y0 $xr1 [expr {$y0+2*$RADIUS}] \
................................................................................
  }
  set id1 [.c create text 0 0 -anchor c -text $txt -font $font -tags $tag]
  foreach {x0 y0 x1 y1} [.c bbox $id1] break
  set h [expr {$y1-$y0+2}]
  set rad [expr {($h+1)/2}]
  set top [expr {$y0-2}]
  set btm [expr {$y1}]
  set fudge [expr {int(3*$istoken + [string length $txt]*1.4)}]
#puts "fudge($txt)=$fudge"
  set left [expr {$x0+$fudge}]
  set right [expr {$x1-$fudge}]
  if {$left>$right} {
    set left [expr {($x0+$x1)/2}]
    set right $left
  }
  set tag2 x$tagcnt-box
  set tags [list $tag $tag2]
  if {$istoken} {
    .c create arc [expr {$left-$rad}] $top [expr {$left+$rad}] $btm \
         -width 2 -start 90 -extent 180 -style arc -tags $tags
    .c create arc [expr {$right-$rad}] $top [expr {$right+$rad}] $btm \
         -width 2 -start -90 -extent 180 -style arc -tags $tags
    if {$left<$right} {
      .c create line $left $top $right $top -width 2 -tags $tags
      .c create line $left $btm $right $btm -width 2 -tags $tags
    }
  } else {
    .c create rect $left $top $right $btm -width 2 -tags $tags
  }
  foreach {x0 y0 x1 y1} [.c bbox $tag2] break
  set width [expr {$x1-$x0}]
  .c move $tag [expr {-$x0}] 0

  # Entry is always 0 0
  # Return:  TAG EXIT_X EXIT_Y
  #
  return [list $tag $width 0]
................................................................................
    set args [lrange $spec 1 end]
    if {[llength $args]==1} {
      return [draw_or [list [lindex $args 0] nil]]
    } else {
      return [draw_or [list "line $args" nil]]
    }
  }
  if {$cmd=="optloop"} {
    set args [lrange $spec 1 end]
    return [draw_or [list nil [concat loop $args]]]
  }
  if {$cmd=="tailbranch"} {
    # return [draw_tail_branch [lrange $spec 1 end]]
    return [draw_or [lrange $spec 1 end]]
  }
  error "unknown operator: $cmd"
}

set syntax_linkage(analyze-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(attach-stmt) {expr sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(begin-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(column-constraint) {{conflict-clause expr foreign-key-clause literal-value signed-number} column-def}
set syntax_linkage(column-def) {{column-constraint type-name} {alter-table-stmt create-table-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(comment-syntax) {{} {}}
set syntax_linkage(commit-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}

set syntax_linkage(compound-operator) {{} select-stmt}

set syntax_linkage(conflict-clause) {{} {column-constraint table-constraint}}
set syntax_linkage(create-index-stmt) {{expr indexed-column} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-table-stmt) {{column-def select-stmt table-constraint} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-trigger-stmt) {{delete-stmt expr insert-stmt select-stmt update-stmt} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-view-stmt) {select-stmt sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-virtual-table-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}

set syntax_linkage(delete-stmt) {{expr qualified-table-name with-clause} {create-trigger-stmt sql-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(delete-stmt-limited) {{expr ordering-term qualified-table-name with-clause} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(detach-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-index-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-table-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-trigger-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-view-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(expr) {{literal-value raise-function select-stmt type-name} {attach-stmt column-constraint create-index-stmt create-trigger-stmt delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited insert-stmt join-constraint ordering-term result-column select-stmt simple-query-stmt table-constraint update-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_linkage(foreign-key-clause) {{} {column-constraint table-constraint}}
set syntax_linkage(indexed-column) {{} {create-index-stmt table-constraint}}
set syntax_linkage(insert-stmt) {{expr select-stmt with-clause} {create-trigger-stmt sql-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(join-constraint) {expr join-source}
set syntax_linkage(join-op) {{} join-source}
set syntax_linkage(join-source) {{join-constraint join-op simple-join-source} {simple-join-source simple-query-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(literal-value) {{} {column-constraint expr}}
set syntax_linkage(numeric-literal) {{} {}}
set syntax_linkage(ordering-term) {expr {delete-stmt-limited select-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_linkage(pragma-stmt) {pragma-value sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(pragma-value) {signed-number pragma-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(qualified-table-name) {{} {delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited update-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_linkage(raise-function) {{} expr}

set syntax_linkage(reindex-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(release-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(result-column) {expr simple-query-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(rollback-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(savepoint-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(select-stmt) {{compound-operator expr ordering-term simple-query-stmt with-clause} {create-table-stmt create-trigger-stmt create-view-stmt expr insert-stmt simple-join-source sql-stmt with-clause}}

set syntax_linkage(signed-number) {{} {column-constraint pragma-value type-name}}
set syntax_linkage(simple-join-source) {{join-source select-stmt} join-source}
set syntax_linkage(simple-query-stmt) {{expr join-source result-column} select-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(sql-stmt) {{alter-table-stmt analyze-stmt attach-stmt begin-stmt commit-stmt create-index-stmt create-table-stmt create-trigger-stmt create-view-stmt create-virtual-table-stmt delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited detach-stmt drop-index-stmt drop-table-stmt drop-trigger-stmt drop-view-stmt insert-stmt pragma-stmt reindex-stmt release-stmt rollback-stmt savepoint-stmt select-stmt update-stmt update-stmt-limited vacuum-stmt} sql-stmt-list}
set syntax_linkage(sql-stmt-list) {sql-stmt {}}
set syntax_linkage(table-constraint) {{conflict-clause expr foreign-key-clause indexed-column} create-table-stmt}

set syntax_linkage(type-name) {signed-number {column-def expr}}
set syntax_linkage(update-stmt) {{expr qualified-table-name with-clause} {create-trigger-stmt sql-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(update-stmt-limited) {{expr ordering-term qualified-table-name with-clause} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(vacuum-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(with-clause) {select-stmt {delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited insert-stmt select-stmt update-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_order {sql-stmt-list sql-stmt alter-table-stmt analyze-stmt attach-stmt begin-stmt commit-stmt rollback-stmt savepoint-stmt release-stmt create-index-stmt indexed-column create-table-stmt column-def type-name column-constraint signed-number table-constraint foreign-key-clause conflict-clause create-trigger-stmt create-view-stmt create-virtual-table-stmt with-clause delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited detach-stmt drop-index-stmt drop-table-stmt drop-trigger-stmt drop-view-stmt expr raise-function literal-value numeric-literal insert-stmt pragma-stmt pragma-value reindex-stmt select-stmt simple-query-stmt result-column join-source simple-join-source join-op join-constraint ordering-term compound-operator update-stmt update-stmt-limited qualified-table-name vacuum-stmt comment-syntax}

set syntax_linkage(analyze-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(attach-stmt) {expr sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(begin-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(column-constraint) {{conflict-clause expr foreign-key-clause literal-value signed-number} column-def}
set syntax_linkage(column-def) {{column-constraint type-name} {alter-table-stmt create-table-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(comment-syntax) {{} {}}
set syntax_linkage(commit-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(common-table-expression) {select-stmt {compound-select-stmt select-stmt simple-select-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(compound-operator) {{} select-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(compound-select-stmt) {{common-table-expression simple-select-stmt} {}}
set syntax_linkage(conflict-clause) {{} {column-constraint table-constraint}}
set syntax_linkage(create-index-stmt) {{expr indexed-column} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-table-stmt) {{column-def select-stmt table-constraint} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-trigger-stmt) {{delete-stmt expr insert-stmt select-stmt update-stmt} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-view-stmt) {select-stmt sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(create-virtual-table-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(cte-table-name) {{} {recursive-cte with-clause}}
set syntax_linkage(delete-stmt) {{expr qualified-table-name with-clause} {create-trigger-stmt sql-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(delete-stmt-limited) {{expr ordering-term qualified-table-name with-clause} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(detach-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-index-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-table-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-trigger-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(drop-view-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(expr) {{literal-value raise-function select-stmt type-name} {attach-stmt column-constraint create-index-stmt create-trigger-stmt delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited insert-stmt join-constraint ordering-term result-column select-stmt simple-select-stmt table-constraint update-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_linkage(foreign-key-clause) {{} {column-constraint table-constraint}}
set syntax_linkage(indexed-column) {{} {create-index-stmt table-constraint}}
set syntax_linkage(insert-stmt) {{expr select-stmt with-clause} {create-trigger-stmt sql-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(join-constraint) {expr {select-stmt simple-select-stmt table-or-subquery}}
set syntax_linkage(join-operator) {{} {select-stmt simple-select-stmt}}

set syntax_linkage(literal-value) {{} {column-constraint expr}}
set syntax_linkage(numeric-literal) {{} {}}
set syntax_linkage(ordering-term) {expr {delete-stmt-limited select-stmt simple-select-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_linkage(pragma-stmt) {pragma-value sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(pragma-value) {signed-number pragma-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(qualified-table-name) {{} {delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited update-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_linkage(raise-function) {{} expr}
set syntax_linkage(recursive-cte) {cte-table-name {}}
set syntax_linkage(reindex-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(release-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(result-column) {expr {select-stmt simple-select-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(rollback-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(savepoint-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}

set syntax_linkage(select-stmt) {{common-table-expression compound-operator expr join-constraint join-operator ordering-term result-column table-or-subquery} {common-table-expression create-table-stmt create-trigger-stmt create-view-stmt expr insert-stmt sql-stmt table-or-subquery with-clause}}
set syntax_linkage(signed-number) {{} {column-constraint pragma-value type-name}}

set syntax_linkage(simple-select-stmt) {{common-table-expression expr join-constraint join-operator ordering-term result-column table-or-subquery} compound-select-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(sql-stmt) {{alter-table-stmt analyze-stmt attach-stmt begin-stmt commit-stmt create-index-stmt create-table-stmt create-trigger-stmt create-view-stmt create-virtual-table-stmt delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited detach-stmt drop-index-stmt drop-table-stmt drop-trigger-stmt drop-view-stmt insert-stmt pragma-stmt reindex-stmt release-stmt rollback-stmt savepoint-stmt select-stmt update-stmt update-stmt-limited vacuum-stmt} sql-stmt-list}
set syntax_linkage(sql-stmt-list) {sql-stmt {}}
set syntax_linkage(table-constraint) {{conflict-clause expr foreign-key-clause indexed-column} create-table-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(table-or-subquery) {{join-constraint select-stmt} {select-stmt simple-select-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(type-name) {signed-number {column-def expr}}
set syntax_linkage(update-stmt) {{expr qualified-table-name with-clause} {create-trigger-stmt sql-stmt}}
set syntax_linkage(update-stmt-limited) {{expr ordering-term qualified-table-name with-clause} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(vacuum-stmt) {{} sql-stmt}
set syntax_linkage(with-clause) {{cte-table-name select-stmt} {delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited insert-stmt update-stmt update-stmt-limited}}
set syntax_order {sql-stmt-list sql-stmt alter-table-stmt analyze-stmt attach-stmt begin-stmt commit-stmt rollback-stmt savepoint-stmt release-stmt create-index-stmt indexed-column create-table-stmt column-def type-name column-constraint signed-number table-constraint foreign-key-clause conflict-clause create-trigger-stmt create-view-stmt create-virtual-table-stmt with-clause cte-table-name recursive-cte common-table-expression delete-stmt delete-stmt-limited detach-stmt drop-index-stmt drop-table-stmt drop-trigger-stmt drop-view-stmt expr raise-function literal-value numeric-literal insert-stmt pragma-stmt pragma-value reindex-stmt select-stmt simple-select-stmt compound-select-stmt table-or-subquery result-column join-operator join-constraint ordering-term compound-operator update-stmt update-stmt-limited qualified-table-name vacuum-stmt comment-syntax}

This alias is provided for compatibility other SQL database engines.  See the 
[INSERT] command documentation for additional information.</p>  

<tcl>
###############################################################################
Section SELECT select {SELECT query}

RecursiveBubbleDiagram select-stmt simple-query-stmt
</tcl>


<p>The SELECT statement is used to query the database.  The
result of a SELECT is zero or more rows of data where each row
has a fixed number of columns.  

This alias is provided for compatibility other SQL database engines.  See the 
[INSERT] command documentation for additional information.</p>  

<tcl>
###############################################################################
Section SELECT select {SELECT query}

RecursiveBubbleDiagram select-stmt
</tcl>


<p>The SELECT statement is used to query the database.  The
result of a SELECT is zero or more rows of data where each row
has a fixed number of columns.