Many hyperlinks are disabled.
Use anonymous login
to enable hyperlinks.
Overview
Comment: | Updates to the fileformat2 document. |
---|---|
Downloads: | Tarball | ZIP archive |
Timelines: | family | ancestors | descendants | both | trunk |
Files: | files | file ages | folders |
SHA1: |
2a5bc288a18e1b40d4588989d0d54199 |
User & Date: | drh 2010-06-19 10:39:45.000 |
Context
2010-06-19
| ||
10:40 | Add the oracle logo. (check-in: cddbaba37a user: drh tags: trunk) | |
10:39 | Updates to the fileformat2 document. (check-in: 2a5bc288a1 user: drh tags: trunk) | |
2010-06-17
| ||
15:21 | Minor edits to the WAL document. (check-in: f84c08f7bf user: drh tags: trunk) | |
Changes
Changes to pages/fileformat2.in.
︙ | ︙ | |||
116 117 118 119 120 121 122 | <tr><td valign=top align=center>22<td valign=top align=center>1<td align=left> Minimum embedded payload fraction. Must be 32. <tr><td valign=top align=center>23<td valign=top align=center>1<td align=left> Leaf payload fraction. Must be 32. <tr><td valign=top align=center>24<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> File change counter. <tr><td valign=top align=center>28<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> | | | | > > > > > > > > > | | | > > > > > > > | | | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 | <tr><td valign=top align=center>22<td valign=top align=center>1<td align=left> Minimum embedded payload fraction. Must be 32. <tr><td valign=top align=center>23<td valign=top align=center>1<td align=left> Leaf payload fraction. Must be 32. <tr><td valign=top align=center>24<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> File change counter. <tr><td valign=top align=center>28<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> Size of the database file in pages. The "in-header database size". <tr><td valign=top align=center>32<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> Page number of the first freelist trunk page. <tr><td valign=top align=center>36<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> Total number of freelist pages. <tr><td valign=top align=center>40<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> The schema cookie. <tr><td valign=top align=center>44<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> The schema format number. Supported schema formats are 1, 2, 3, and 4. <tr><td valign=top align=center>48<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> Default page cache size. <tr><td valign=top align=center>52<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> The page number of the largest root b-tree page when in auto-vacuum or incremental-vacuum modes, or zero otherwise. <tr><td valign=top align=center>56<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> The database text encoding. A value of 1 means UTF-8. A value of 2 means UTF-16le. A value of 3 means UTF-16be. <tr><td valign=top align=center>60<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> The "user version" as read and set by the [user_version pragma]. <tr><td valign=top align=center>64<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> True (non-zero) for incremental-vacuum mode. False (zero) otherwise. <tr><td valign=top align=center>68<td valign=top align=center>24<td align=left> Reserved for expansion. Must be zero. <tr><td valign=top align=center>92<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> The "version-valid-for" integer. <tr><td valign=top align=center>96<td valign=top align=center>4<td align=left> [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] </table></center> <h4>1.2.1 Magic Header String</h4> <p>Every SQLite database file begins with the following 16 bytes (in hex): 53 51 4c 69 74 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 20 33 00. This byte sequence corresponds to the UTF-8 string "SQLite format 3" including the nul terminator character at the end.</p> <h4>1.2.2 File format version numbers</h4> <p>The file format write version and file format read version at offsets 18 and 19 are intended to allow for enhancements of the file format in future versions of SQLite. In current versions of SQLite, both of these values are 1 for rollback journalling modes and 2 for [WAL] journalling mode. If a version of SQLite coded to the current file format specification encounters a database file where the read version is 1 or 2 but the write version is greater than 2, then the database file must be treated as read-only. If a database file with a read version greater than 2 is encounter, then that database cannot be read or written.</p> <h4>1.2.3 Reserved bytes per page</h4> <p>SQLite has the ability to set aside a small number of extra bytes at the end of every page for use by extensions. These extra bytes are used, for example, by the SQLite Encryption Extension to store a nonce and/or cryptographic checksum associated with each page. The "reserved space" size in the 1-byte integer at offset 20 is the number of bytes of space at the end of each page to reserve for extensions. This value is usually 0. The value can be odd.</p> <tcl>hd_fragment usable_size {usable size}</tcl> <p>The "usable size" of a database page is the page size specify by the 2-byte integer at offset 16 in the header less the "reserved" space size recorded in the 1-byte integer at offset 20 in the header. The usable size of a page might be an odd number. However, the usable size is not allowed to be less than 480. In other words, if the page size is 512, then the reserved space size cannot exceed 32.</p> <h4>1.2.4 Payload fractions</h4> <p>The maximum and minimum embedded payload fractions and the leaf payload fraction values must be 64, 32, and 32. These values were orginally intended to as tunable parameters that could be used to modify the storage format of the b-tree algorithm. However, that functionality is not supported and there are no current plans to add support in the future. Hence, these three bytes are fixed at the values specified.</p> <h4>1.2.5 File change counter</h4> <tcl>hd_fragment chngctr {change counter}</tcl> <p>The file change counter is a 4-byte big-endian integer which is incremented whenever the database file is changed in rollback mode. When two or more processes are reading the same database file, each process can detect database changes from other processes by monitoring the change counter. A process will normally want to flush its database page cache when another process modified the database, since the cache has become stale. The file change counter facilitates this.</p> <p>In WAL mode, changes to the database are detected using the wal-index and so the change counter is not needed. Hence, the change counter might not be incremented on each transaction in WAL mode.</p> <h4>1.2.6 In-header database size</h4> <tcl>hd_fragment filesize {in-header database size}</tcl> <p>The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 28 into the header stores the size of the database file in pages. If this in-header datasize size is not valid (see the next paragraph), then the database size is computed by looking at the actual size of the database file. Older versions of SQLite ignored the in-header database size and used the actual file size exclusively. Newer versions of SQLite use the in-header database size if it is available but fall back to the actual file size if the in-header database size is not valid.</p> <p>The in-header database size is only considered to be valid if it is non-zero and if the 4-byte [change counter] at offset 24 exactly matches the 4-byte [version-valid-for value] at offset 92. The in-header database size should always be valid when the database is only modified using recent versions of SQLite (versions 3.7.0 and later). If a legacy version of SQLite writes to the database, it will not know to update the in-header database size and so the in-header database size could be incorrect. But legacy versions of SQLite will also leave the version-valid-for value at offset 92 unchanged so it will not match the change-counter. Hence, invalid in-header database sizes can be detected (and ignored) by observing when the change-counter does not match the version-valid-for integer.</p> <h4>1.2.7 Free page list</h4> <p>Unused pages in the database file are stored on a freelist. The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 32 stores the page number of the first page of the freelist, or zero if the freelist is empty. The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 36 stores stores the total number of pages on the freelist.</p> <h4>1.2.8 Schema cookie</h4> <p>The schema cookie is a 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 40 that is incremented whenever the database schema changes. A prepared statement is compiled against a specific version of the database schema. Whenever the database schema changes, the statement must be reprepared. Whenever a prepared statement runs, it first checks the schema cookie to make sure the value is the same as when the statement was prepared and if not it aborts to force the statement to be reprepared.</p> <h4>1.2.9 Schema format number</h4> <p>The schema format number is a 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 44. The schema format number is similar to the file format read and write version numbers at offsets 18 and 19 except that the schema format number refers to the high-level SQL formatting rather than the low-level b-tree formatting. Four schema format numbers are currently defined:</p> |
︙ | ︙ | |||
233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 | <p>New database files created by SQLite use format 1 by default, so that database files created by newer versions of SQLite can still be read by older versions of SQLite. The [legacy_file_format pragma] can be used to cause SQLite to create new database files using format 4. Future versions of SQLite may begin to create files using format 4 by default.</p> <p>The 4-byte big-endian signed integer at offset 48 is the suggest cache size in pages for the database file. The value is a suggestion only and SQLite is under no obligation to honor it. The absolute value of the integer is used as the suggested size. The suggested cache size can be set using the [default_cache_size pragma].</p> <p>The two 4-byte big-endian integers at offsets 52 and 64 are used to manage the [auto_vacuum] and [incremental_vacuum] modes. If the integer at offset 52 is zero then pointer-map (ptrmap) pages are omitted from the database file and neither auto_vacuum nor incremental_vacuum are supported. If the integer at offset 52 is non-zero then it is the page number of the largest root page in the database file, the database file contain ptrmap pages, and the mode must be either auto_vacuum or incremental_vacuum. In this latter case, the integer at offset 64 is true for incremental_vacuum and false for auto_vacuum. If the integer at offset 52 is zero then the integer at offset 64 must also be zero.</p> <p>The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 56 determines the encoding used for all text strings stored in the database. A value of 1 means UTF-8. A value of 2 means UTF-16le. A value of 3 means UTF-16be. No other values are allowed.</p> <p>The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 60 is the user version which is set and queried by the [user_version pragma]. The user version is not used by SQLite.</p> <p>All other bytes of the database file header are reserved for future expansion and must be set to zero.</p> <h3>1.3 The Lock-Byte Page</h3> <p>The lock-byte page is the single page of the database file | > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > | 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 | <p>New database files created by SQLite use format 1 by default, so that database files created by newer versions of SQLite can still be read by older versions of SQLite. The [legacy_file_format pragma] can be used to cause SQLite to create new database files using format 4. Future versions of SQLite may begin to create files using format 4 by default.</p> <h4>1.2.10 Suggested cache size</h4> <p>The 4-byte big-endian signed integer at offset 48 is the suggest cache size in pages for the database file. The value is a suggestion only and SQLite is under no obligation to honor it. The absolute value of the integer is used as the suggested size. The suggested cache size can be set using the [default_cache_size pragma].</p> <h4>1.2.11 Incremental vacuum settings</h4> <p>The two 4-byte big-endian integers at offsets 52 and 64 are used to manage the [auto_vacuum] and [incremental_vacuum] modes. If the integer at offset 52 is zero then pointer-map (ptrmap) pages are omitted from the database file and neither auto_vacuum nor incremental_vacuum are supported. If the integer at offset 52 is non-zero then it is the page number of the largest root page in the database file, the database file contain ptrmap pages, and the mode must be either auto_vacuum or incremental_vacuum. In this latter case, the integer at offset 64 is true for incremental_vacuum and false for auto_vacuum. If the integer at offset 52 is zero then the integer at offset 64 must also be zero.</p> <h4>1.2.12 Text encoding</h4> <p>The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 56 determines the encoding used for all text strings stored in the database. A value of 1 means UTF-8. A value of 2 means UTF-16le. A value of 3 means UTF-16be. No other values are allowed.</p> <h4>1.2.13 User version number</h4> <p>The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 60 is the user version which is set and queried by the [user_version pragma]. The user version is not used by SQLite.</p> <tcl>hd_fragment validfor {version-valid-for number}</tcl> <h4>1.2.14 Write library version number and version-valid-for number</h4> <p>The 4-byte big-endian integer at offset 96 stores the [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] value. The 4-byte big-ending integer at offset 92 is the value of the [change counter] when the version number was stored. The integer at offset 92 indicates which transaction the version number is valid for and is sometimes calle the "version-valid-for" integer. <h4>1.2.15 Header space reserved for expansion</h4> <p>All other bytes of the database file header are reserved for future expansion and must be set to zero.</p> <h3>1.3 The Lock-Byte Page</h3> <p>The lock-byte page is the single page of the database file |
︙ | ︙ |