SQLite

}

/*
** Hash and comparison functions when the mode is FTS3_HASH_STRING
*/
static int fts3StrHash(const void *pKey, int nKey){
  const char *z = (const char *)pKey;
  unsigned h = 0;
  if( nKey<=0 ) nKey = (int) strlen(z);
  while( nKey > 0  ){
    h = (h<<3) ^ h ^ *z++;
    nKey--;
  }
  return (int)(h & 0x7fffffff);
}
static int fts3StrCompare(const void *pKey1, int n1, const void *pKey2, int n2){
  if( n1!=n2 ) return 1;
  return strncmp((const char*)pKey1,(const char*)pKey2,n1);
}

/*

    iOld = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += (1 + pTab->nCol);

    /* Populate the OLD.* pseudo-table register array. These values will be 
    ** used by any BEFORE and AFTER triggers that exist.  */
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, iPk, iOld);
    for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
      testcase( mask!=0xffffffff && iCol==31 );
      if( mask==0xffffffff || (mask & MASKBIT32(iCol))!=0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, iCol, iOld+iCol+1);
      }
    }

    /* Invoke BEFORE DELETE trigger programs. */
    addrStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3CodeRowTrigger(pParse, pTrigger, 

    }
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      int nFarg;             /* Number of function arguments */
      FuncDef *pDef;         /* The function definition object */
      int nId;               /* Length of the function name in bytes */
      const char *zId;       /* The function name */
      u32 constMask = 0;     /* Mask of function arguments that are constant */
      int i;                 /* Loop counter */
      u8 enc = ENC(db);      /* The text encoding used by this database */
      CollSeq *pColl = 0;    /* A collating sequence */

      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        pFarg = 0;

        assert( nFarg>=1 );
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pFarg->a[0].pExpr, target);
        break;
      }

      for(i=0; i<nFarg; i++){
        if( i<32 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pFarg->a[i].pExpr) ){
          testcase( i==31 );
          constMask |= MASKBIT32(i);
        }
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)!=0 && !pColl ){
          pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr);
        }
      }
      if( pFarg ){
        if( constMask ){

static void absFunc(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv){
  assert( argc==1 );
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
      i64 iVal = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]);
      if( iVal<0 ){
        if( iVal==SMALLEST_INT64 ){
          /* IMP: R-31676-45509 If X is the integer -9223372036854775808
          ** then abs(X) throws an integer overflow error since there is no
          ** equivalent positive 64-bit two complement value. */
          sqlite3_result_error(context, "integer overflow", -1);
          return;
        }
        iVal = -iVal;

  pH->count = 0;
}

/*
** The hashing function.
*/
static unsigned int strHash(const char *z, int nKey){
  unsigned int h = 0;
  assert( nKey>=0 );
  while( nKey > 0  ){
    h = (h<<3) ^ h ^ sqlite3UpperToLower[(unsigned char)*z++];
    nKey--;
  }
  return h;
}

    ** Set or clear a flag that indicates that the database file is always well-
    ** formed and never corrupt.  This flag is clear by default, indicating that
    ** database files might have arbitrary corruption.  Setting the flag during
    ** testing causes certain assert() statements in the code to be activated
    ** that demonstrat invariants on well-formed database files.
    */
    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT: {
      sqlite3GlobalConfig.neverCorrupt = va_arg(ap, int);
      break;
    }

  }
  va_end(ap);
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
  return rc;

    rc = (rc!=(-1)) ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_BUSY;
  }

  /* Update the global lock state and do debug tracing */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  { u16 mask;
  OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK "));
  mask = ofst>31 ? 0xffff : (1<<(ofst+n)) - (1<<ofst);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( lockType==F_UNLCK ){
      OSTRACE(("unlock %d ok", ofst));
      pShmNode->exclMask &= ~mask;
      pShmNode->sharedMask &= ~mask;
    }else if( lockType==F_RDLCK ){
      OSTRACE(("read-lock %d ok", ofst));

  int createFlag
){
  unsigned int nPinned;
  PCache1 *pCache = (PCache1 *)p;
  PGroup *pGroup;
  PgHdr1 *pPage = 0;

  assert( offsetof(PgHdr1,page)==0 );
  assert( pCache->bPurgeable || createFlag!=1 );
  assert( pCache->bPurgeable || pCache->nMin==0 );
  assert( pCache->bPurgeable==0 || pCache->nMin==10 );
  assert( pCache->nMin==0 || pCache->bPurgeable );
  pcache1EnterMutex(pGroup = pCache->pGroup);

  /* Step 1: Search the hash table for an existing entry. */

  }

fetch_out:
  if( pPage && iKey>pCache->iMaxKey ){
    pCache->iMaxKey = iKey;
  }
  pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);
  return (sqlite3_pcache_page*)pPage;
}


/*
** Implementation of the sqlite3_pcache.xUnpin method.
**
** Mark a page as unpinned (eligible for asynchronous recycling).

  }
  assert( iCol>=0 );
  if( pRet==0 && iCol<p->pEList->nExpr ){
    pRet = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p->pEList->a[iCol].pExpr);
  }
  return pRet;
}

/*
** The select statement passed as the second parameter is a compound SELECT
** with an ORDER BY clause. This function allocates and returns a KeyInfo
** structure suitable for implementing the ORDER BY.
**
** Space to hold the KeyInfo structure is obtained from malloc. The calling
** function is responsible for ensuring that this structure is eventually
** freed.
*/
static KeyInfo *multiSelectOrderByKeyInfo(Parse *pParse, Select *p, int nExtra){
  ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
  int nOrderBy = p->pOrderBy->nExpr;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  KeyInfo *pRet = sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(db, nOrderBy+nExtra, 1);
  if( pRet ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
      struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pOrderBy->a[i];
      Expr *pTerm = pItem->pExpr;
      CollSeq *pColl;

      if( pTerm->flags & EP_Collate ){
        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pTerm);
      }else{
        pColl = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol-1);
        if( pColl==0 ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
        pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr =
          sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pTerm, pColl->zName);
      }
      assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pRet) );
      pRet->aColl[i] = pColl;
      pRet->aSortOrder[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
    }
  }

  return pRet;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
/*
** This routine generates VDBE code to compute the content of a WITH RECURSIVE
** query of the form:
**
**   <recursive-table> AS (<setup-query> UNION [ALL] <recursive-query>)

  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, addrBreak);
  pLimit = p->pLimit;
  pOffset = p->pOffset;
  regLimit = p->iLimit;
  regOffset = p->iOffset;
  p->pLimit = p->pOffset = 0;
  p->iLimit = p->iOffset = 0;
  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;

  /* Locate the cursor number of the Current table */
  for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<pSrc->nSrc); i++){
    if( pSrc->a[i].isRecursive ){
      iCurrent = pSrc->a[i].iCursor;
      break;
    }
  }





  /* Allocate cursors numbers for Queue and Distinct.  The cursor number for
  ** the Distinct table must be exactly one greater than Queue in order
  ** for the SRT_DistTable and SRT_DistQueue destinations to work. */
  iQueue = pParse->nTab++;
  if( p->op==TK_UNION ){
    eDest = pOrderBy ? SRT_DistQueue : SRT_DistTable;
    iDistinct = pParse->nTab++;
  }else{
    eDest = pOrderBy ? SRT_Queue : SRT_Table;
  }
  sqlite3SelectDestInit(&destQueue, eDest, iQueue);

  /* Allocate cursors for Current, Queue, and Distinct. */
  regCurrent = ++pParse->nMem;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, iCurrent, regCurrent, nCol);
  if( pOrderBy ){
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = multiSelectOrderByKeyInfo(pParse, p, 1);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iQueue, pOrderBy->nExpr+2, 0,
                      (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
    destQueue.pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iQueue, nCol);
  }
  VdbeComment((v, "Queue table"));
  if( iDistinct ){
    p->addrOpenEphm[0] = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, iDistinct, 0);
    p->selFlags |= SF_UsesEphemeral;
  }

  /* Detach the ORDER BY clause from the compound SELECT */
  p->pOrderBy = 0;

  /* Store the results of the setup-query in Queue. */
  rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSetup, &destQueue);
  if( rc ) goto end_of_recursive_query;

  /* Find the next row in the Queue and output that row */
  addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iQueue, addrBreak);

end_of_recursive_query:
  p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
  p->pLimit = pLimit;
  p->pOffset = pOffset;
  return;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */

/* Forward references */
static int multiSelectOrderBy(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
  Select *p,            /* The right-most of SELECTs to be coded */
  SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
);



/*
** This routine is called to process a compound query form from
** two or more separate queries using UNION, UNION ALL, EXCEPT, or
** INTERSECT
**
** "p" points to the right-most of the two queries.  the query on the
** left is p->pPrior.  The left query could also be a compound query

  if( aPermute ){
    struct ExprList_item *pItem;
    for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<nOrderBy; i++, pItem++){
      assert( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol>0
          && pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol<=p->pEList->nExpr );
      aPermute[i] = pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol - 1;
    }

    pKeyMerge = multiSelectOrderByKeyInfo(pParse, p, 1);
















  }else{
    pKeyMerge = 0;
  }

  /* Reattach the ORDER BY clause to the query.
  */
  p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;

*/
#define BMS  ((int)(sizeof(Bitmask)*8))

/*
** A bit in a Bitmask
*/
#define MASKBIT(n)   (((Bitmask)1)<<(n))
#define MASKBIT32(n) (((unsigned int)1)<<(n))

/*
** The following structure describes the FROM clause of a SELECT statement.
** Each table or subquery in the FROM clause is a separate element of
** the SrcList.a[] array.
**
** With the addition of multiple database support, the following structure

  void *pArg,
  int code,
  const char *zArg1,
  const char *zArg2,
  const char *zArg3,
  const char *zArg4
){
  const char *zCode;
  Tcl_DString str;
  int rc;
  const char *zReply;
  SqliteDb *pDb = (SqliteDb*)pArg;
  if( pDb->disableAuth ) return SQLITE_OK;

  switch( code ){

** the transaction or savepoint opened by the [transaction] command.
*/
static int DbTransPostCmd(
  ClientData data[],                   /* data[0] is the Sqlite3Db* for $db */
  Tcl_Interp *interp,                  /* Tcl interpreter */
  int result                           /* Result of evaluating SCRIPT */
){
  static const char *const azEnd[] = {
    "RELEASE _tcl_transaction",        /* rc==TCL_ERROR, nTransaction!=0 */
    "COMMIT",                          /* rc!=TCL_ERROR, nTransaction==0 */
    "ROLLBACK TO _tcl_transaction ; RELEASE _tcl_transaction",
    "ROLLBACK"                         /* rc==TCL_ERROR, nTransaction==0 */
  };
  SqliteDb *pDb = (SqliteDb*)data[0];
  int rc = result;

      Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 2, objv, "?CALLBACK?");
      return TCL_ERROR;
    }else if( objc==2 ){
      if( pDb->zCommit ){
        Tcl_AppendResult(interp, pDb->zCommit, 0);
      }
    }else{
      const char *zCommit;
      int len;
      if( pDb->zCommit ){
        Tcl_Free(pDb->zCommit);
      }
      zCommit = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[2], &len);
      if( zCommit && len>0 ){
        pDb->zCommit = Tcl_Alloc( len + 1 );

    int nByte;                  /* Number of bytes in an SQL string */
    int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */
    int nSep;                   /* Number of bytes in zSep[] */
    int nNull;                  /* Number of bytes in zNull[] */
    char *zSql;                 /* An SQL statement */
    char *zLine;                /* A single line of input from the file */
    char **azCol;               /* zLine[] broken up into columns */
    const char *zCommit;        /* How to commit changes */
    FILE *in;                   /* The input file */
    int lineno = 0;             /* Line number of input file */
    char zLineNum[80];          /* Line number print buffer */
    Tcl_Obj *pResult;           /* interp result */

    const char *zSep;
    const char *zNull;
    if( objc<5 || objc>7 ){
      Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 2, objv, 
         "CONFLICT-ALGORITHM TABLE FILENAME ?SEPARATOR? ?NULLINDICATOR?");
      return TCL_ERROR;
    }
    if( objc>=6 ){
      zSep = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[5], 0);

#else
  flags = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE | SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX;
#endif

  if( objc==2 ){
    zArg = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[1], 0);
    if( strcmp(zArg,"-version")==0 ){
      Tcl_AppendResult(interp,sqlite3_libversion(),0);
      return TCL_OK;
    }
    if( strcmp(zArg,"-has-codec")==0 ){
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
      Tcl_AppendResult(interp,"1",0);
#else
      Tcl_AppendResult(interp,"0",0);

#endif
    );
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  zErrMsg = 0;
  p = (SqliteDb*)Tcl_Alloc( sizeof(*p) );
  if( p==0 ){
    Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)"malloc failed", TCL_STATIC);
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
  zFile = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[2], 0);
  zFile = Tcl_TranslateFileName(interp, zFile, &translatedFilename);
  rc = sqlite3_open_v2(zFile, &p->db, flags, zVfs);
  Tcl_DStringFree(&translatedFilename);

  pIdxInfo->idxNum = hashString(zQuery);
  pIdxInfo->idxStr = zQuery;
  pIdxInfo->needToFreeIdxStr = 1;
  if( useCost ){
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = cost;
  }else if( useIdx ){
    /* Approximation of log2(nRow). */
    for( ii=0; ii<(sizeof(int)*8)-1; ii++ ){
      if( nRow & (1<<ii) ){
        pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)ii;
      }
    }
  }else{
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)nRow;
  }

  if( chngPk || hasFK || pTrigger ){
    u32 oldmask = (hasFK ? sqlite3FkOldmask(pParse, pTab) : 0);
    oldmask |= sqlite3TriggerColmask(pParse, 
        pTrigger, pChanges, 0, TRIGGER_BEFORE|TRIGGER_AFTER, pTab, onError
    );
    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      if( oldmask==0xffffffff
       || (i<32 && (oldmask & MASKBIT32(i))!=0)
       || (pTab->aCol[i].colFlags & COLFLAG_PRIMKEY)!=0
      ){
        testcase(  oldmask!=0xffffffff && i==31 );
        sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, iDataCur, i, regOld+i);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regOld+i);
      }
    }
    if( chngRowid==0 && pPk==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, regOldRowid, regNewRowid);

  for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
    if( i==pTab->iPKey ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regNew+i);
    }else{
      j = aXRef[i];
      if( j>=0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[j].pExpr, regNew+i);
      }else if( 0==(tmask&TRIGGER_BEFORE) || i>31 || (newmask & MASKBIT32(i)) ){
        /* This branch loads the value of a column that will not be changed 
        ** into a register. This is done if there are no BEFORE triggers, or
        ** if there are one or more BEFORE triggers that use this value via
        ** a new.* reference in a trigger program.
        */
        testcase( i==31 );
        testcase( i==32 );

}


/*
** Read or write a four-byte big-endian integer value.
*/
u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8 *p){
  testcase( p[0]&0x80 );
  return ((unsigned)p[0]<<24) | (p[1]<<16) | (p[2]<<8) | p[3];
}
void sqlite3Put4byte(unsigned char *p, u32 v){
  p[0] = (u8)(v>>24);
  p[1] = (u8)(v>>16);
  p[2] = (u8)(v>>8);
  p[3] = (u8)v;
}

    sqlite3DbFree(db, z);
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE
  zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql);
  if( zTrace ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
      if( MASKBIT(i) & p->btreeMask)==0 ) continue;
      sqlite3_file_control(db, db->aDb[i].zName, SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE, zTrace);
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_SqlTrace)!=0
   && (zTrace = (pOp->p4.z ? pOp->p4.z : p->zSql))!=0

**      function parameter corrsponds to bit 0 etc.).
*/
void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(Vdbe *pVdbe, int iOp, int mask){
  AuxData **pp = &pVdbe->pAuxData;
  while( *pp ){
    AuxData *pAux = *pp;
    if( (iOp<0)
     || (pAux->iOp==iOp && (pAux->iArg>31 || !(mask & MASKBIT32(pAux->iArg))))
    ){
      testcase( pAux->iArg==31 );
      if( pAux->xDelete ){
        pAux->xDelete(pAux->pAux);
      }
      *pp = pAux->pNext;
      sqlite3DbFree(pVdbe->db, pAux);
    }else{
      pp= &pAux->pNext;

** and store the result in pMem.  Return the number of bytes read.
*/ 
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
  const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
  u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
  Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
){
  u64 x;
  u32 y;
  int i;
  switch( serial_type ){
    case 10:   /* Reserved for future use */
    case 11:   /* Reserved for future use */
    case 0: {  /* NULL */
      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
      break;
    }
    case 1: { /* 1-byte signed integer */
      pMem->u.i = (signed char)buf[0];
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return 1;
    }
    case 2: { /* 2-byte signed integer */
      i = 256*(signed char)buf[0] | buf[1];
      pMem->u.i = (i64)i;
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return 2;
    }
    case 3: { /* 3-byte signed integer */
      i = 65536*(signed char)buf[0] | (buf[1]<<8) | buf[2];
      pMem->u.i = (i64)i;
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return 3;
    }
    case 4: { /* 4-byte signed integer */
      y = ((unsigned)buf[0]<<24) | (buf[1]<<16) | (buf[2]<<8) | buf[3];
      pMem->u.i = (i64)*(int*)&y;
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return 4;
    }
    case 5: { /* 6-byte signed integer */
      x = 256*(signed char)buf[0] + buf[1];
      y = ((unsigned)buf[2]<<24) | (buf[3]<<16) | (buf[4]<<8) | buf[5];
      x = (x<<32) | y;
      pMem->u.i = *(i64*)&x;
      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return 6;
    }
    case 6:   /* 8-byte signed integer */
    case 7: { /* IEEE floating point */


#if !defined(NDEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT)
      /* Verify that integers and floating point values use the same
      ** byte order.  Or, that if SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT is
      ** defined that 64-bit floating point values really are mixed
      ** endian.
      */
      static const u64 t1 = ((u64)0x3ff00000)<<32;
      static const double r1 = 1.0;
      u64 t2 = t1;
      swapMixedEndianFloat(t2);
      assert( sizeof(r1)==sizeof(t2) && memcmp(&r1, &t2, sizeof(r1))==0 );
#endif

      x = ((unsigned)buf[0]<<24) | (buf[1]<<16) | (buf[2]<<8) | buf[3];
      y = ((unsigned)buf[4]<<24) | (buf[5]<<16) | (buf[6]<<8) | buf[7];
      x = (x<<32) | y;
      if( serial_type==6 ){
        pMem->u.i = *(i64*)&x;
        pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      }else{
        assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(pMem->r)==8 );
        swapMixedEndianFloat(x);

  pMem->pScopyFrom = 0;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/*
** Size of struct Mem not including the Mem.zMalloc member.
*/
#define MEMCELLSIZE offsetof(Mem,zMalloc)

/*
** Make an shallow copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of
** pTo are freed.  The pFrom->z field is not duplicated.  If
** pFrom->z is used, then pTo->z points to the same thing as pFrom->z
** and flags gets srcType (either MEM_Ephem or MEM_Static).
*/

# 
# Test cases for transitive_closure virtual table.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix closure01

ifcapable !vtab||!cte { finish_test ; return }

load_static_extension db closure

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  BEGIN;
  CREATE TABLE t1(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER);
  WITH RECURSIVE
    cnt(i) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM cnt LIMIT 131072)
  INSERT INTO t1(x, y) SELECT i, nullif(i,1)/2 FROM cnt;
  CREATE INDEX t1y ON t1(y);


















  COMMIT;
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE cx 
   USING transitive_closure(tablename=t1, idcolumn=x, parentcolumn=y);
} {}

# The entire table
do_timed_execsql_test 1.1 {
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM cx WHERE root=1 GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {/1 0 1 17 2 1 4 2 8 3 16 4 .* 65536 16/}
do_timed_execsql_test 1.1-cte {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    below(id,depth) AS (
      VALUES(1,0)
       UNION ALL
      SELECT t1.x, below.depth+1
        FROM t1 JOIN below on t1.y=below.id
    )
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM below GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {/1 0 1 17 2 1 4 2 8 3 16 4 .* 65536 16/}

# descendents of 32768
do_timed_execsql_test 1.2 {
  SELECT * FROM cx WHERE root=32768 ORDER BY id;
} {32768 0 65536 1 65537 1 131072 2}
do_timed_execsql_test 1.2-cte {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    below(id,depth) AS (
      VALUES(32768,0)
       UNION ALL
      SELECT t1.x, below.depth+1
        FROM t1 JOIN below on t1.y=below.id
       WHERE below.depth<2
    )
  SELECT id, depth FROM below ORDER BY id;
} {32768 0 65536 1 65537 1 131072 2}

# descendents of 16384
do_timed_execsql_test 1.3 {
  SELECT * FROM cx WHERE root=16384 AND depth<=2 ORDER BY id;
} {16384 0 32768 1 32769 1 65536 2 65537 2 65538 2 65539 2}
do_timed_execsql_test 1.3-cte {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    below(id,depth) AS (
      VALUES(16384,0)
       UNION ALL
      SELECT t1.x, below.depth+1
        FROM t1 JOIN below on t1.y=below.id
       WHERE below.depth<2
    )
  SELECT id, depth FROM below ORDER BY id;
} {16384 0 32768 1 32769 1 65536 2 65537 2 65538 2 65539 2}

# children of 16384
do_execsql_test 1.4 {
  SELECT id, depth, root, tablename, idcolumn, parentcolumn FROM cx
   WHERE root=16384
     AND depth=1
   ORDER BY id;
} {32768 1 {} t1 x y 32769 1 {} t1 x y}

# great-grandparent of 16384
do_timed_execsql_test 1.5 {
  SELECT id, depth, root, tablename, idcolumn, parentcolumn FROM cx
   WHERE root=16384
     AND depth=3
     AND idcolumn='Y'
     AND parentcolumn='X';
} {2048 3 {} t1 Y X}
do_timed_execsql_test 1.5-cte {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    above(id,depth) AS (
      VALUES(16384,0)
      UNION ALL
      SELECT t1.y, above.depth+1
        FROM t1 JOIN above ON t1.x=above.id
       WHERE above.depth<3
    )
  SELECT id FROM above WHERE depth=3;
} {2048}

# depth<5
do_timed_execsql_test 1.6 {
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM cx WHERE root=1 AND depth<5
   GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {1 0 2 1 4 2 8 3 16 4}
do_timed_execsql_test 1.6-cte {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    below(id,depth) AS (
      VALUES(1,0)
      UNION ALL
      SELECT t1.x, below.depth+1
        FROM t1 JOIN below ON t1.y=below.id
       WHERE below.depth<4
    )
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM below GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {1 0 2 1 4 2 8 3 16 4}

# depth<=5
do_execsql_test 1.7 {
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM cx WHERE root=1 AND depth<=5
   GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {1 0 2 1 4 2 8 3 16 4 32 5}

# depth==5
do_execsql_test 1.8 {
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM cx WHERE root=1 AND depth=5
   GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {32 5}

# depth BETWEEN 3 AND 5
do_execsql_test 1.9 {
  SELECT count(*), depth FROM cx WHERE root=1 AND depth BETWEEN 3 AND 5
   GROUP BY depth ORDER BY 1;
} {8 3 16 4 32 5}

# depth==5 with min() and max()
do_timed_execsql_test 1.10 {
  SELECT count(*), min(id), max(id) FROM cx WHERE root=1 AND depth=5;
} {32 32 63}
do_timed_execsql_test 1.10-cte {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    below(id,depth) AS (
      VALUES(1,0)
      UNION ALL
      SELECT t1.x, below.depth+1
        FROM t1 JOIN below ON t1.y=below.id
       WHERE below.depth<5
    )
  SELECT count(*), min(id), max(id) FROM below WHERE depth=5;
} {32 32 63}

# Create a much smaller table t2 with only 32 elements 
db eval {
  CREATE TABLE t2(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER);
  INSERT INTO t2 SELECT x, y FROM t1 WHERE x<32;
  CREATE INDEX t2y ON t2(y);
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE c2 

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

# Initialize the database.
#
do_execsql_test 2.1 {
  PRAGMA auto_vacuum=0;
  PRAGMA page_size=1024;

  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 'one');
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 'two');

  CREATE TABLE t3(x);

  hexio_write test.db [expr {($fl-1) * 1024 + 4}] 00000001 
  hexio_write test.db [expr {($fl-1) * 1024 + 8}] [format %.8X $r(t1)]
  hexio_write test.db 36 00000002

  sqlite3 db test.db
} {}


# The corruption migration caused by the test case below does not 
# cause corruption to be detected in mmap mode.
#
# The trick here is that the root page of the tree scanned by the outer 
# query is also currently on the free-list. So while the first seek on
# the table (for a==1) works, by the time the second is attempted The 
# "INSERT INTO t2..." statements have recycled the root page of t1 and
# used it as an index leaf. Normally, BtreeMovetoUnpacked() detects
# that the PgHdr object associated with said root page does not match
# the cursor (as it is now marked with PgHdr.intKey==0) and returns
# SQLITE_CORRUPT. 
#
# However, in mmap mode, the outer query and the inner queries use 
# different PgHdr objects (same data, but different PgHdr container 
# objects). And so the corruption is not detected. Instead, the second
# seek fails to find anything and only a single row is returned.
#
set res23 {1 {database disk image is malformed}}
if {[permutation]=="mmap"} {
  set res23 {0 one}
}
do_test 2.3 {
  list [catch {
  set res [list]
  db eval { SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a IN (1, 2) } {
    db eval { 
      INSERT INTO t2 SELECT randomblob(100) FROM t2;
      INSERT INTO t2 SELECT randomblob(100) FROM t2;
      INSERT INTO t2 SELECT randomblob(100) FROM t2;
      INSERT INTO t2 SELECT randomblob(100) FROM t2;
      INSERT INTO t2 SELECT randomblob(100) FROM t2;
    }
    lappend res $b
  }
  set res
  } msg] $msg

} $res23

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

# Initialize the database.
#
do_execsql_test 3.1 {

  2 "SELECT 'abc' WHERE NULL" {}
  3 "SELECT NULL"             {{}}
  4 "SELECT count(*)"         {1}
  5 "SELECT count(*) WHERE 0" {0}
  6 "SELECT count(*) WHERE 1" {1}
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-45424-07352 If there is only a single table or subquery
# in the FROM clause, then the input data used by the SELECT statement
# is the contents of the named table.
#
#   The results of the SELECT queries suggest that they are operating on the
#   contents of the table 'xx'.
#
do_execsql_test e_select-1.2.0 {
  CREATE TABLE xx(x, y);
  INSERT INTO xx VALUES('IiJlsIPepMuAhU', X'10B00B897A15BAA02E3F98DCE8F2');

     -17.89           'linguistically'                
  }

  2  "SELECT count(*), count(x), count(y) FROM xx" {3 2 3}
  3  "SELECT sum(x), sum(y) FROM xx"               {-17.89 -16.87}
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-28355-09804 If there is more than one table or subquery
# in FROM clause then the contents of all tables and/or subqueries are
# joined into a single dataset for the simple SELECT statement to
# operate on.
#
#   There are more detailed tests for subsequent requirements that add 
#   more detail to this idea. We just add a single test that shows that
#   data is coming from each of the three tables following the FROM clause
#   here to show that the statement, vague as it is, is not incorrect.
#
do_select_tests e_select-1.3 {

}

#
# The following block of tests - e_select-1.4.* - test that the description
# of cartesian joins in the SELECT documentation is consistent with SQLite.
# In doing so, we test the following three requirements as a side-effect:
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-49872-03192 If the join-operator is "CROSS JOIN",
# "INNER JOIN", "JOIN" or a comma (",") and there is no ON or USING
# clause, then the result of the join is simply the cartesian product of
# the left and right-hand datasets.
#
#    The tests are built on this assertion. Really, they test that the output
#    of a CROSS JOIN, JOIN, INNER JOIN or "," join matches the expected result
#    of calculating the cartesian product of the left and right-hand datasets. 
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46256-57243 There is no difference between the "INNER
# JOIN", "JOIN" and "," join operators.

do_select_tests e_select-1.4.5 [list                                   \
    1 { SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2 }           $t1_cross_t2        \
    2 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS y CROSS JOIN t1 AS x } $t1_cross_t1        \
    3 { SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 }           $t1_cross_t2        \
    4 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS y INNER JOIN t1 AS x } $t1_cross_t1        \
]


# EVIDENCE-OF: R-38465-03616 If there is an ON clause then the ON
# expression is evaluated for each row of the cartesian product as a
# boolean expression. Only rows for which the expression evaluates to
# true are included from the dataset.
#
foreach {tn select res} [list                                              \
    1 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (1) }       $t1_cross_t2             \
    2 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0) }       [list]                   \
    3 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (NULL) }    [list]                   \
    4 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('abc') }   [list]                   \
    5 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('1ab') }   $t1_cross_t2             \

   11 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b 
        FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (CASE WHEN t1.a = 'a' THEN NULL ELSE 1 END) } \
      {two I two II two III three I three II three III}                    \
] {
  do_join_test e_select-1.3.$tn $select $res
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-49933-05137 If there is a USING clause then each of the
# column names specified must exist in the datasets to both the left and
# right of the join-operator.
#
do_select_tests e_select-1.4 -error {
  cannot join using column %s - column not present in both tables
} {
  1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t3 USING (b) }   "b"
  2 { SELECT * FROM t3, t1 USING (c) }   "c"
  3 { SELECT * FROM t3, (SELECT a AS b, b AS c FROM t1) USING (a) }   "a"
} 

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-22776-52830 For each pair of named columns, the
# expression "lhs.X = rhs.X" is evaluated for each row of the cartesian
# product as a boolean expression. Only rows for which all such
# expressions evaluates to true are included from the result set.
#
do_select_tests e_select-1.5 {
  1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t3 USING (a)   }  {a one 1 b two 2}
  2 { SELECT * FROM t3, t4 USING (a,c) }  {b 2}
} 

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-54046-48600 When comparing values as a result of a
# USING clause, the normal rules for handling affinities, collation
# sequences and NULL values in comparisons apply.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-38422-04402 The column from the dataset on the
# left-hand side of the join-operator is considered to be on the
# left-hand side of the comparison operator (=) for the purposes of
# collation sequence and affinity precedence.
#
do_execsql_test e_select-1.6.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t5(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary);
  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES('AA', 'cc');
  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES('BB', 'dd');

     {aa cc cc bb DD dd}
  4b { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) AS x
       %JOIN% t5 ON (x.a=t5.a) } 
     {aa cc AA cc bb DD BB dd}
} {
  do_join_test e_select-1.7.$tn $select $res
}
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-42531-52874 If the join-operator is a "LEFT JOIN" or

# "LEFT OUTER JOIN", then after the ON or USING filtering clauses have
# been applied, an extra row is added to the output for each row in the
# original left-hand input dataset that corresponds to no rows at all in
# the composite dataset (if any).
#
do_execsql_test e_select-1.8.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t7(a, b, c);
  CREATE TABLE t8(a, d, e);

  1a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {x ex 24 x abc 24}
  1b "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" 
     {x ex 24 x abc 24 y why 25 {} {} {}}
  2a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24}
  2b "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}}
}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-04932-55942 If the NATURAL keyword is in the
# join-operator then an implicit USING clause is added to the
# join-constraints. The implicit USING clause contains each of the
# column names that appear in both the left and right-hand input
# datasets.
#
do_select_tests e_select-1-10 {
  1a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)"        {x ex 24 abc 24}
  1b "SELECT * FROM t7 NATURAL JOIN t8"          {x ex 24 abc 24}

} {

  catchsql { DROP INDEX i1 }
  catchsql { DROP INDEX i2 }
  catchsql { DROP INDEX i3 }
  execsql $indexes

  # EVIDENCE-OF: R-49872-03192 If the join-operator is "CROSS JOIN",
  # "INNER JOIN", "JOIN" or a comma (",") and there is no ON or USING
  # clause, then the result of the join is simply the cartesian product of
  # the left and right-hand datasets.
  #
  # EVIDENCE-OF: R-46256-57243 There is no difference between the "INNER
  # JOIN", "JOIN" and "," join operators.
  #
  # EVIDENCE-OF: R-25071-21202 The "CROSS JOIN" join operator produces the
  # same result as the "INNER JOIN", "JOIN" and "," operators
  #
  test_join $tn.1.1  "t1, t2"                {t1 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.2  "t1 INNER JOIN t2"      {t1 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.3  "t1 CROSS JOIN t2"      {t1 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.4  "t1 JOIN t2"            {t1 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.5  "t2, t3"                {t2 t3}
  test_join $tn.1.6  "t2 INNER JOIN t3"      {t2 t3}
  test_join $tn.1.7  "t2 CROSS JOIN t3"      {t2 t3}
  test_join $tn.1.8  "t2 JOIN t3"            {t2 t3}
  test_join $tn.1.9  "t2, t2 AS x"           {t2 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.10 "t2 INNER JOIN t2 AS x" {t2 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.11 "t2 CROSS JOIN t2 AS x" {t2 t2}
  test_join $tn.1.12 "t2 JOIN t2 AS x"       {t2 t2}

  # EVIDENCE-OF: R-38465-03616 If there is an ON clause then the ON
  # expression is evaluated for each row of the cartesian product as a
  # boolean expression. Only rows for which the expression evaluates to
  # true are included from the dataset.
  #
  test_join $tn.2.1  "t1, t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a)"  {t1 t2 -on {te_equals a a}}
  test_join $tn.2.2  "t2, t1 ON (t1.a=t2.a)"  {t2 t1 -on {te_equals a a}}
  test_join $tn.2.3  "t2, t1 ON (1)"          {t2 t1 -on te_true}
  test_join $tn.2.4  "t2, t1 ON (NULL)"       {t2 t1 -on te_false}
  test_join $tn.2.5  "t2, t1 ON (1.1-1.1)"    {t2 t1 -on te_false}
  test_join $tn.2.6  "t1, t2 ON (1.1-1.0)"    {t1 t2 -on te_true}

  CREATE TABLE t5(y INTEGER, z TEXT COLLATE binary);

  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('2.0');
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('TWO');
  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(2, 'two');
} {}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-59237-46742 A subquery specified in the
# table-or-subquery following the FROM clause in a simple SELECT
# statement is handled as if it was a table containing the data returned
# by executing the subquery statement.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-27438-53558 Each column of the subquery has the
# collation sequence and affinity of the corresponding expression in the
# subquery statement.
#
foreach {tn subselect select spec} {
  1   "SELECT * FROM t2"   "SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN %ss%" 
      {t1 %ss%}

  2   "SELECT * FROM t2"   "SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN %ss% AS x ON (t1.a=x.a)" 
      {t1 %ss% -on {te_equals 0 0}}

# 2013-12-06
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# Tests for the SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED error condition: the database file
# is unlinked or renamed out from under SQLite.
#

if {$tcl_platform(platform)!="unix"} return

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

if {[permutation]=="inmemory_journal"} {
  finish_test
  return
}

# Create a database file for testing
#
do_execsql_test pager4-1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(673,'stone','philips');
  SELECT * FROM t1;

  faultsim_test_result {0 {}}
  catch { db close }
  catch { db2 close }
}

sqlite3_shutdown
sqlite3_config_uri 0
sqlite3_initialize

finish_test

do_execsql_test printf2-1.10 {
  SELECT printf('%lld',314159.2653);
} {314159}
do_execsql_test printf2-1.11 {
  SELECT printf('%lld%n',314159.2653,'hi');
} {314159}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-17002-27534 The %z format is interchangeable with %s.
#
do_execsql_test printf2-1.12 {
  SELECT printf('%.*z',5,'abcdefghijklmnop');
} {abcde}
do_execsql_test printf2-1.13 {
  SELECT printf('%c','abcdefghijklmnop');
} {a}

do_execsql_test 6.1.2 {
  SELECT word, distance FROM t3 WHERE rowid = 10;
} {keener {}}
do_execsql_test 6.1.3 {
  SELECT word, distance FROM t3 WHERE rowid = 10 AND word MATCH 'kiiner';
} {keener 300}

ifcapable trace {
  proc trace_callback {sql} {
    if {[string range $sql 0 2] == "-- "} {
      lappend ::trace [string range $sql 3 end]
    }
  }
  
  proc do_tracesql_test {tn sql {res {}}} {
    set ::trace [list]
    uplevel [list do_test $tn [subst -nocommands {
      set vals [execsql {$sql}]
      concat [set vals] [set ::trace]
    }] [list {*}$res]]
  }
  
  db trace trace_callback
  do_tracesql_test 6.2.1 {
    SELECT word FROM t3 WHERE rowid = 10;
  } {keener
    {SELECT word, rank, NULL, langid, id FROM "main"."t3_vocab" WHERE rowid=?}
  }
  do_tracesql_test 6.2.2 {
    SELECT word, distance FROM t3 WHERE rowid = 10;
  } {keener {}
    {SELECT word, rank, NULL, langid, id FROM "main"."t3_vocab" WHERE rowid=?}
  }
  do_tracesql_test 6.2.3 {
    SELECT word, distance FROM t3 WHERE rowid = 10 AND word MATCH 'kiiner';
  } {keener 300
    {SELECT id, word, rank, k1  FROM "main"."t3_vocab" WHERE langid=0 AND k2>=?1 AND k2<?2}
  }
}




finish_test

#      do_ioerr_test          TESTNAME ARGS...
#      crashsql               ARGS...
#      integrity_check        TESTNAME ?DB?
#      verify_ex_errcode      TESTNAME EXPECTED ?DB?
#      do_test                TESTNAME SCRIPT EXPECTED
#      do_execsql_test        TESTNAME SQL EXPECTED
#      do_catchsql_test       TESTNAME SQL EXPECTED
#      do_timed_execsql_test  TESTNAME SQL EXPECTED
#
# Commands providing a lower level interface to the global test counters:
#
#      set_test_counter       COUNTER ?VALUE?
#      omit_test              TESTNAME REASON ?APPEND?
#      fail_test              TESTNAME
#      incr_ntest

  fix_testname testname
  uplevel do_test [list $testname] [list "execsql {$sql}"] [list [list {*}$result]]
}
proc do_catchsql_test {testname sql result} {
  fix_testname testname
  uplevel do_test [list $testname] [list "catchsql {$sql}"] [list $result]
}
proc do_timed_execsql_test {testname sql {result {}}} {
  fix_testname testname
  uplevel do_test [list $testname] [list "execsql_timed {$sql}"]\
                                   [list [list {*}$result]]
}
proc do_eqp_test {name sql res} {
  uplevel do_execsql_test $name [list "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN $sql"] [list $res]
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#   Usage: do_select_tests PREFIX ?SWITCHES? TESTLIST
#

}

# A procedure to execute SQL
#
proc execsql {sql {db db}} {
  # puts "SQL = $sql"
  uplevel [list $db eval $sql]
}
proc execsql_timed {sql {db db}} {
  set tm [time {
    set x [uplevel [list $db eval $sql]]
  } 1]
  set tm [lindex $tm 0]
  puts -nonewline " ([expr {$tm*0.001}]ms) "
  set x
}

# Execute SQL and catch exceptions.
#
proc catchsql {sql {db db}} {
  # puts "SQL = $sql"
  set r [catch [list uplevel [list $db eval $sql]] msg]

                          + ((ind-1)/27) * 27 + lp
                          + ((lp-1) / 3) * 6, 1)
           )
    )
  SELECT s FROM x WHERE ind=0;
} {534678912672195348198342567859761423426853791713924856961537284287419635345286179}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Some tests that use LIMIT and OFFSET in the definition of recursive CTEs.
# 
set I [list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20]
proc limit_test {tn iLimit iOffset} {
  if {$iOffset < 0} { set iOffset 0 }
  if {$iLimit < 0 } {
    set result [lrange $::I $iOffset end]
  } else {
    set result [lrange $::I $iOffset [expr $iLimit+$iOffset-1]]
  }
  uplevel [list do_execsql_test $tn [subst -nocommands {
    WITH ii(a) AS (
      VALUES(1)
      UNION ALL 
      SELECT a+1 FROM ii WHERE a<20 
      LIMIT $iLimit OFFSET $iOffset
    )
    SELECT * FROM ii
  }] $result]
}

limit_test 9.1    20  0
limit_test 9.2     0  0
limit_test 9.3    19  1
limit_test 9.4    20 -1
limit_test 9.5     5  5
limit_test 9.6     0 -1
limit_test 9.7    40 -1
limit_test 9.8    -1 -1
limit_test 9.9    -1 -1

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test the ORDER BY clause on recursive tables.
#

do_execsql_test 10.1 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tree;
  CREATE TABLE tree(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentid, payload);
}

proc insert_into_tree {L} {
  db eval { DELETE FROM tree }
  foreach key $L {
    unset -nocomplain parentid
    foreach seg [split $key /] {
      if {$seg==""} continue
      set id [db one {
        SELECT id FROM tree WHERE parentid IS $parentid AND payload=$seg
      }]
      if {$id==""} {
        db eval { INSERT INTO tree VALUES(NULL, $parentid, $seg) }
        set parentid [db last_insert_rowid]
      } else {
        set parentid $id
      }
    }
  }
}

insert_into_tree {
  /a/a/a
  /a/b/c
  /a/b/c/d
  /a/b/d
}
do_execsql_test 10.2 {
  WITH flat(fid, p) AS (
    SELECT id, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT id, p || '/' || payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
  )
  SELECT p FROM flat ORDER BY p;
} {
  /a /a/a /a/a/a 
     /a/b /a/b/c /a/b/c/d
          /a/b/d
}

# Scan the tree-structure currently stored in table tree. Return a list
# of nodes visited.
#
proc scan_tree {bDepthFirst bReverse} {

  set order "ORDER BY "
  if {$bDepthFirst==0} { append order "2 ASC," }
  if {$bReverse==0} { 
    append order " 3 ASC" 
  } else {
    append order " 3 DESC" 
  }

  db eval "
    WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
        SELECT id, 1, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
        UNION ALL
        SELECT id, depth+1, p||'/'||payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
        $order
    )
    SELECT p FROM flat;
  "
}

insert_into_tree {
  /a/b
  /a/b/c
  /a/d
  /a/d/e
  /a/d/f
  /g/h
}

# Breadth first, siblings in ascending order.
#
do_test 10.3 {
  scan_tree 0 0
} [list {*}{
  /a /g
  /a/b /a/d /g/h
  /a/b/c /a/d/e /a/d/f
}]

# Depth first, siblings in ascending order.
#
do_test 10.4 {
  scan_tree 1 0
} [list {*}{
  /a /a/b /a/b/c
     /a/d /a/d/e 
          /a/d/f
  /g /g/h
}]

# Breadth first, siblings in descending order.
#
do_test 10.5 {
  scan_tree 0 1
} [list {*}{
  /g /a 
  /g/h /a/d /a/b 
  /a/d/f /a/d/e /a/b/c 
}]

# Depth first, siblings in ascending order.
#
do_test 10.6 {
  scan_tree 1 1
} [list {*}{
  /g /g/h
  /a /a/d /a/d/f 
          /a/d/e 
     /a/b /a/b/c
}]


# Test name resolution in ORDER BY clauses.
#
do_catchsql_test 10.7.1 {
  WITH t(a) AS (
    SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY a
  ) 
  SELECT * FROM t
} {1 {1st ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set}}
do_execsql_test 10.7.2 {
  WITH t(a) AS (
    SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY b
  ) 
  SELECT * FROM t
} {1 2 3 4 5}
do_execsql_test 10.7.3 {
  WITH t(a) AS (
    SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY c
  ) 
  SELECT * FROM t
} {1 2 3 4 5}

# Test COLLATE clauses attached to ORDER BY.
#
insert_into_tree {
  /a/b
  /a/C
  /a/d
  /B/e
  /B/F
  /B/g
  /c/h
  /c/I
  /c/j
}

do_execsql_test 10.8.1 {
  WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
    SELECT id, 1, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
    UNION ALL
    SELECT id, depth+1, p||'/'||payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
    ORDER BY 2, 3 COLLATE nocase
  )
  SELECT p FROM flat;
} {
  /a /B /c
  /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j
}
do_execsql_test 10.8.2 {
  WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
      SELECT id, 1, ('/' || payload) COLLATE nocase 
      FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
    UNION ALL
      SELECT id, depth+1, (p||'/'||payload)
      FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
    ORDER BY 2, 3
  )
  SELECT p FROM flat;
} {
  /a /B /c
  /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j
}

do_execsql_test 10.8.3 {
  WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS (
      SELECT id, 1, ('/' || payload)
      FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL
    UNION ALL
      SELECT id, depth+1, (p||'/'||payload) COLLATE nocase 
      FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid
    ORDER BY 2, 3
  )
  SELECT p FROM flat;
} {
  /a /B /c
  /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j
}

do_execsql_test 10.8.4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE tst(a,b);
  INSERT INTO tst VALUES('a', 'A');
  INSERT INTO tst VALUES('b', 'B');
  INSERT INTO tst VALUES('c', 'C');
  SELECT a COLLATE nocase FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b FROM tst ORDER BY 1;
} {a A b B c C}
do_execsql_test 10.8.4.2 {
  SELECT a FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b COLLATE nocase FROM tst ORDER BY 1;
} {A B C a b c}
do_execsql_test 10.8.4.3 {
  SELECT a||'' FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b COLLATE nocase FROM tst ORDER BY 1;
} {a A b B c C}

# Test cases to illustrate on the ORDER BY clause on a recursive query can be
# used to control depth-first versus breath-first search in a tree.
#
do_execsql_test 11.1 {
  CREATE TABLE org(
    name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    boss TEXT REFERENCES org
  ) WITHOUT ROWID;
  INSERT INTO org VALUES('Alice',NULL);
  INSERT INTO org VALUES('Bob','Alice');
  INSERT INTO org VALUES('Cindy','Alice');

.........Mary
.........Noland
.........Olivia}}

# The previous query used "ORDER BY level" to yield a breath-first search.
# Change that to "ORDER BY level DESC" for a depth-first search.
#
do_execsql_test 11.2 {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    under_alice(name,level) AS (
       VALUES('Alice','0')
       UNION ALL
       SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1
         FROM org, under_alice
        WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name

......Gail
.........Noland
.........Olivia}}

# Without an ORDER BY clause, the recursive query should use a FIFO,
# resulting in a breath-first search.
#
do_execsql_test 11.3 {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    under_alice(name,level) AS (
       VALUES('Alice','0')
       UNION ALL
       SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1
         FROM org, under_alice
        WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name

.........Kate
.........Lanny
.........Mary
.........Noland
.........Olivia}}

finish_test

    SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT \
    SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST \
    SQLITE_OMIT_CAST \
    SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK \
    SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS \
    SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE \
    SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT \
    SQLITE_OMIT_CTE \
    SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS \
    SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE \
    SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED \
    SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN \
    SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS \
    SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT \
    SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY \