Consider the following example:

<pre>
PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF;
PRAGMA main.cache_size=0;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t0 (c0);
CREATE INDEX i0 ON t0(1);
DROP INDEX "i0";
INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t0(c0) VALUES (1), (2);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i0 ON t0(1); -- UNIQUE constraint failed: index 'i0'
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i0 ON t0(1); -- database disk image is malformed
</pre>

Is this expected? The documentation mentions that the <i>ROLLBACK</i> statement cannot be used with <i>journal_mode=OFF</i>, but it does not mention failed index creation.