SQLite

    p->pOrderBy = 0;
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
  }
  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
  memset(&sSort, 0, sizeof(sSort));
  sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
  pTabList = p->pSrc;

  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif







  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
  ** only a single column may be output.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, p->pEList->nExpr) ){
    goto select_end;
  }
#endif

  /* Try to flatten subqueries in the FROM clause up into the main query
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
  for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
    int isAggSub;
    if( pSub==0 ) continue;

    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
    if( !IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
      sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Get a pointer the VDBE under construction, allocating a new VDBE if one
  ** does not already exist */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  /* Handle compound SELECT statements using the separate multiSelect()
  ** procedure.
  */
  if( p->pPrior ){
    rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);

  /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
    SelectDest dest;
    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;

    if( pSub==0 ) continue;

    /* Sometimes the code for a subquery will be generated more than
    ** once, if the subquery is part of the WHERE clause in a LEFT JOIN,
    ** for example.  In that case, do not regenerate the code to manifest
    ** a view or the co-routine to implement a view.  The first instance
    ** is sufficient, though the subroutine to manifest the view does need

    ** may contain expression trees of at most
    ** (SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH-Parse.nHeight) height. This is a bit
    ** more conservative than necessary, but much easier than enforcing
    ** an exact limit.
    */
    pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);

    /* Make copies of constant WHERE-clause terms in the outer query down
    ** inside the subquery.  This can help the subquery to run more efficiently.
    */
    if( (pItem->jointype & JT_OUTER)==0
     && pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSub, p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor)
    ){
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
      if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
        SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After WHERE-clause push-down:\n"));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }
#endif
    }

    /* Generate code to implement the subquery
    */
    if( pTabList->nSrc==1
     && (p->selFlags & SF_All)==0
     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SubqCoroutine)
    ){
      /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
      ** set on each invocation.
      */

      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
    pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
  }
#endif

  /* Various elements of the SELECT copied into local variables for convenience */
  pEList = p->pEList;

  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
  pHaving = p->pHaving;
  sDistinct.isTnct = (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0;

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){

  **
  ** The second form is preferred as a single index (or temp-table) may be 
  ** used for both the ORDER BY and DISTINCT processing. As originally 
  ** written the query must use a temp-table for at least one of the ORDER 
  ** BY and DISTINCT, and an index or separate temp-table for the other.
  */
  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct 
   && sqlite3ExprListCompare(sSort.pOrderBy, pEList, -1)==0
  ){
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;

    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
    /* Notice that even thought SF_Distinct has been cleared from p->selFlags,
    ** the sDistinct.isTnct is still set.  Hence, isTnct represents the
    ** original setting of the SF_Distinct flag, not the current setting */
    assert( sDistinct.isTnct );
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then create an ephemeral index to
  ** do the sorting.  But this sorting ephemeral index might end up
  ** being unused if the data can be extracted in pre-sorted order.
  ** If that is the case, then the OP_OpenEphemeral instruction will be
  ** changed to an OP_Noop once we figure out that the sorting index is
  ** not needed.  The sSort.addrSortIndex variable is used to facilitate
  ** that change.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
    pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, sSort.pOrderBy, 0, pEList->nExpr);
    sSort.iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
    sSort.addrSortIndex =
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,

  p->nSelectRow = LARGEST_INT64;
  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iEnd);
  if( p->iLimit==0 && sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, sSort.addrSortIndex)->opcode = OP_SorterOpen;
    sSort.sortFlags |= SORTFLAG_UseSorter;
  }

  /* Open an ephemeral index to use for the distinct set.
  */
  if( p->selFlags & SF_Distinct ){
    sDistinct.tabTnct = pParse->nTab++;
    sDistinct.addrTnct = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
                                sDistinct.tabTnct, 0, 0,
                                (char*)keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, p->pEList,0,0),
                                P4_KEYINFO);

        pItem->u.x.iAlias = 0;
      }
      if( p->nSelectRow>100 ) p->nSelectRow = 100;
    }else{
      p->nSelectRow = 1;
    }


    /* If there is both a GROUP BY and an ORDER BY clause and they are
    ** identical, then it may be possible to disable the ORDER BY clause 
    ** on the grounds that the GROUP BY will cause elements to come out 
    ** in the correct order. It also may not - the GROUP BY might use a
    ** database index that causes rows to be grouped together as required
    ** but not actually sorted. Either way, record the fact that the
    ** ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses are the same by setting the orderByGrp
    ** variable.  */
    if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pGroupBy, sSort.pOrderBy, -1)==0 ){
      orderByGrp = 1;
    }