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Overview
Comment:Merge recent trunk enhancements and fixes.
Downloads: Tarball | ZIP archive | SQL archive
Timelines: family | ancestors | descendants | both | sessions
Files: files | file ages | folders
SHA1: c39cb0e2571f58c87053de009e2c135d71b2c3af
User & Date: drh 2015-06-11 18:01:29
Context
2015-06-17
18:18
Merge all recent enhancements and fixes from trunk. check-in: 199bfb67 user: drh tags: sessions
2015-06-11
18:01
Merge recent trunk enhancements and fixes. check-in: c39cb0e2 user: drh tags: sessions
17:26
Add the sqlite3changegroup_xxx() APIs to the sessions module. For combining multiple changesets or patchsets. check-in: 0c1a901c user: dan tags: sessions
14:19
Remove stray outputs from the test suite. check-in: afc6db9b user: drh tags: trunk
Changes
Hide Diffs Unified Diffs Ignore Whitespace Patch

Changes to Makefile.in. 

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         main.lo malloc.lo mem0.lo mem1.lo mem2.lo mem3.lo mem5.lo \
         memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo parse.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo status.lo \
         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbe.lo vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo utf.lo vtab.lo


# Object files for the amalgamation.
#
LIBOBJS1 = sqlite3.lo

# Determine the real value of LIBOBJ based on the 'configure' script
#
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/sqlite3ext.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)/src/table.c \
  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \

  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/update.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/vtab.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vxworks.h \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.h \
  $(TOP)/src/walker.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \


  $(TOP)/src/whereInt.h

# Source code for extensions
#
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbemem.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbetrace.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \


  parse.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_aux.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_expr.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_term.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c \
................................................................................
# Databases containing fuzzer test cases
#
FUZZDATA = \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata1.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata2.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata3.db





# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.la sqlite3$(TEXE) $(HAVE_TCL:1=libtclsqlite3.la)

Makefile: $(TOP)/Makefile.in
	./config.status
................................................................................

threads.lo:	$(TOP)/src/threads.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/threads.c

tokenize.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tokenize.c keywordhash.h $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c




trigger.lo:	$(TOP)/src/trigger.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/trigger.c

update.lo:	$(TOP)/src/update.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/update.c

utf.lo:	$(TOP)/src/utf.c $(HDR)
................................................................................

walker.lo:	$(TOP)/src/walker.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/walker.c

where.lo:	$(TOP)/src/where.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/where.c







tclsqlite.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DUSE_TCL_STUBS=1 -c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite-shell.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DTCLSH=1 -o $@ -c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite-stubs.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
................................................................................

testfixture$(TEXE):	$(TESTFIXTURE_SRC)
	$(LTLINK) -DSQLITE_NO_SYNC=1 $(TEMP_STORE) $(TESTFIXTURE_FLAGS) \
		-o $@ $(TESTFIXTURE_SRC) $(LIBTCL) $(TLIBS)

# A very detailed test running most or all test cases
fulltest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test

# Really really long testing
soaktest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test -soak=1

# Do extra testing but not everything.
fulltestonly:	$(TESTPROGS)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/full.test

# Fuzz testing
fuzztest:	fuzzcheck$(TEXE)
	./fuzzcheck$(TEXE) $(FUZZDATA)









# This is the common case.  Run many tests but not those that take
# a really long time.

#
test:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/veryquick.test

# Run a test using valgrind.  This can take a really long time
# because valgrind is so much slower than a native machine.
#
valgrindtest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzzcheck$(TEXE)
	valgrind -v ./fuzzcheck$(TEXE) --cell-size-check --quiet $(FUZZDATA)
	OMIT_MISUSE=1 valgrind -v ./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/permutations.test valgrind

# A very fast test that checks basic sanity.  The name comes from
# the 60s-era electronics testing:  "Turn it on and see if smoke
# comes out."
#
smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzzcheck$(TEXE)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/main.test

sqlite3_analyzer.c: sqlite3.c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(TOP)/tool/spaceanal.tcl
	echo "#define TCLSH 2" > $@
	echo "#define SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB 1" >> $@
	cat sqlite3.c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c >> $@
	echo "static const char *tclsh_main_loop(void){" >> $@
	echo "static const char *zMainloop = " >> $@








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         main.lo malloc.lo mem0.lo mem1.lo mem2.lo mem3.lo mem5.lo \
         memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo parse.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo status.lo \
         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo treeview.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbe.lo vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo wherecode.lo whereexpr.lo \
         utf.lo vtab.lo

# Object files for the amalgamation.
#
LIBOBJS1 = sqlite3.lo

# Determine the real value of LIBOBJ based on the 'configure' script
#
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/sqlite3ext.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)/src/table.c \
  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/treeview.c \
  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/update.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/vtab.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vxworks.h \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.h \
  $(TOP)/src/walker.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wherecode.c \
  $(TOP)/src/whereexpr.c \
  $(TOP)/src/whereInt.h

# Source code for extensions
#
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbemem.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbetrace.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wherecode.c \
  $(TOP)/src/whereexpr.c \
  parse.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_aux.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_expr.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_term.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c \
................................................................................
# Databases containing fuzzer test cases
#
FUZZDATA = \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata1.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata2.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata3.db

# Standard options to testfixture
#
TESTOPTS = --verbose=file --output=test-out.txt

# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.la sqlite3$(TEXE) $(HAVE_TCL:1=libtclsqlite3.la)

Makefile: $(TOP)/Makefile.in
	./config.status
................................................................................

threads.lo:	$(TOP)/src/threads.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/threads.c

tokenize.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tokenize.c keywordhash.h $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c

treeview.lo:	$(TOP)/src/treeview.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/treeview.c

trigger.lo:	$(TOP)/src/trigger.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/trigger.c

update.lo:	$(TOP)/src/update.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/update.c

utf.lo:	$(TOP)/src/utf.c $(HDR)
................................................................................

walker.lo:	$(TOP)/src/walker.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/walker.c

where.lo:	$(TOP)/src/where.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/where.c

wherecode.lo:	$(TOP)/src/wherecode.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/wherecode.c

whereexpr.lo:	$(TOP)/src/whereexpr.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/whereexpr.c

tclsqlite.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DUSE_TCL_STUBS=1 -c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite-shell.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) -DTCLSH=1 -o $@ -c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite-stubs.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
................................................................................

testfixture$(TEXE):	$(TESTFIXTURE_SRC)
	$(LTLINK) -DSQLITE_NO_SYNC=1 $(TEMP_STORE) $(TESTFIXTURE_FLAGS) \
		-o $@ $(TESTFIXTURE_SRC) $(LIBTCL) $(TLIBS)

# A very detailed test running most or all test cases
fulltest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test $(TESTOPTS)

# Really really long testing
soaktest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test -soak=1 $(TESTOPTS)

# Do extra testing but not everything.
fulltestonly:	$(TESTPROGS)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/full.test

# Fuzz testing
fuzztest:	fuzzcheck$(TEXE) $(FUZZDATA)
	./fuzzcheck$(TEXE) $(FUZZDATA)

valgrindfuzz:	fuzzcheck$(TEXT) $(FUZZDATA)
	valgrind ./fuzzcheck$(TEXE) --cell-size-check --quiet $(FUZZDATA)

# Minimal testing that runs in less than 3 minutes
#
quicktest:	./testfixture$(TEXE)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/extraquick.test $(TESTOPTS)

# This is the common case.  Run many tests that do not take too long,

# including fuzzcheck, sqlite3_analyzer, and sqldiff tests.
#
test:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/veryquick.test $(TESTOPTS)

# Run a test using valgrind.  This can take a really long time
# because valgrind is so much slower than a native machine.
#
valgrindtest:	$(TESTPROGS) valgrindfuzz

	OMIT_MISUSE=1 valgrind -v ./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/permutations.test valgrind $(TESTOPTS)

# A very fast test that checks basic sanity.  The name comes from
# the 60s-era electronics testing:  "Turn it on and see if smoke
# comes out."
#
smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzzcheck$(TEXE)
	./testfixture$(TEXE) $(TOP)/test/main.test $(TESTOPTS)

sqlite3_analyzer.c: sqlite3.c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c $(TOP)/tool/spaceanal.tcl
	echo "#define TCLSH 2" > $@
	echo "#define SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB 1" >> $@
	cat sqlite3.c $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c >> $@
	echo "static const char *tclsh_main_loop(void){" >> $@
	echo "static const char *zMainloop = " >> $@

Changes to Makefile.msc. 

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         main.lo malloc.lo mem0.lo mem1.lo mem2.lo mem3.lo mem5.lo \
         memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo status.lo \
         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo utf.lo vtab.lo


# Object files for the amalgamation.
#
LIBOBJS1 = sqlite3.lo

# Determine the real value of LIBOBJ based on the 'configure' script
#
................................................................................
  $(TOP)\src\sqlite3ext.h \
  $(TOP)\src\sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)\src\sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)\src\table.c \
  $(TOP)\src\threads.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c \

  $(TOP)\src\trigger.c \
  $(TOP)\src\utf.c \
  $(TOP)\src\update.c \
  $(TOP)\src\util.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeInt.h \
  $(TOP)\src\vtab.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vxworks.h \
  $(TOP)\src\wal.c \
  $(TOP)\src\wal.h \
  $(TOP)\src\walker.c \
  $(TOP)\src\where.c \


  $(TOP)\src\whereInt.h

# Source code for extensions
#
SRC3 = \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts1\fts1.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts1\fts1.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbemem.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbesort.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbetrace.c \
  $(TOP)\src\where.c \


  parse.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_aux.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_expr.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_tokenizer.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_tokenize_vtab.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_unicode.c \
................................................................................
# Databases containing fuzzer test cases
#
FUZZDATA = \
  $(TOP)\test\fuzzdata1.db \
  $(TOP)\test\fuzzdata2.db \
  $(TOP)\test\fuzzdata3.db





# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	dll libsqlite3.lib sqlite3.exe libtclsqlite3.lib

libsqlite3.lib:	$(LIBOBJ)
................................................................................

threads.lo:	$(TOP)\src\threads.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\threads.c

tokenize.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tokenize.c keywordhash.h $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c




trigger.lo:	$(TOP)\src\trigger.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\trigger.c

update.lo:	$(TOP)\src\update.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\update.c

utf.lo:	$(TOP)\src\utf.c $(HDR)
................................................................................

walker.lo:	$(TOP)\src\walker.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\walker.c

where.lo:	$(TOP)\src\where.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\where.c







tclsqlite.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(NO_WARN) -DUSE_TCL_STUBS=1 -DBUILD_sqlite -I$(TCLINCDIR) -c $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite-shell.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(NO_WARN) -DTCLSH=1 -DBUILD_sqlite -I$(TCLINCDIR) -c $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite3.exe:	tclsqlite-shell.lo $(SQLITE3C) $(LIBRESOBJS)
................................................................................
testfixture.exe:	$(TESTFIXTURE_SRC) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(HDR)
	$(LTLINK) -DSQLITE_NO_SYNC=1 $(TESTFIXTURE_FLAGS) \
		-DBUILD_sqlite -I$(TCLINCDIR) \
		$(TESTFIXTURE_SRC) \
		/link $(LTLINKOPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)

extensiontest: testfixture.exe testloadext.dll
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\loadext.test

fulltest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\all.test

soaktest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\all.test -soak=1

fulltestonly:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\full.test

queryplantest:	testfixture.exe sqlite3.exe
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\permutations.test queryplanner

fuzztest:	fuzzcheck.exe
	.\fuzzcheck.exe $(FUZZDATA)









test:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\veryquick.test

smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\main.test

sqlite3_analyzer.c: $(SQLITE3C) $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(TOP)\tool\spaceanal.tcl
	echo #define TCLSH 2 > $@
	echo #define SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB 1 >> $@
	copy $@ + $(SQLITE3C) + $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $@
	echo static const char *tclsh_main_loop(void){ >> $@
	echo static const char *zMainloop = >> $@








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         main.lo malloc.lo mem0.lo mem1.lo mem2.lo mem3.lo mem5.lo \
         memjournal.lo \
         mutex.lo mutex_noop.lo mutex_unix.lo mutex_w32.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo \
         sqlite3session.lo select.lo status.lo \
         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo treeview.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo wherecode.lo whereexpr.lo \
         utf.lo vtab.lo

# Object files for the amalgamation.
#
LIBOBJS1 = sqlite3.lo

# Determine the real value of LIBOBJ based on the 'configure' script
#
................................................................................
  $(TOP)\src\sqlite3ext.h \
  $(TOP)\src\sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)\src\sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)\src\table.c \
  $(TOP)\src\threads.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)\src\treeview.c \
  $(TOP)\src\trigger.c \
  $(TOP)\src\utf.c \
  $(TOP)\src\update.c \
  $(TOP)\src\util.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeInt.h \
  $(TOP)\src\vtab.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vxworks.h \
  $(TOP)\src\wal.c \
  $(TOP)\src\wal.h \
  $(TOP)\src\walker.c \
  $(TOP)\src\where.c \
  $(TOP)\src\wherecode.c \
  $(TOP)\src\whereexpr.c \
  $(TOP)\src\whereInt.h

# Source code for extensions
#
SRC3 = \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts1\fts1.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts1\fts1.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbemem.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbesort.c \
  $(TOP)\src\vdbetrace.c \
  $(TOP)\src\where.c \
  $(TOP)\src\wherecode.c \
  $(TOP)\src\whereexpr.c \
  parse.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_aux.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_expr.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_tokenizer.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_tokenize_vtab.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts3\fts3_unicode.c \
................................................................................
# Databases containing fuzzer test cases
#
FUZZDATA = \
  $(TOP)\test\fuzzdata1.db \
  $(TOP)\test\fuzzdata2.db \
  $(TOP)\test\fuzzdata3.db

# Standard options to testfixture
#
TESTOPTS = --verbose=file --output=test-out.txt

# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	dll libsqlite3.lib sqlite3.exe libtclsqlite3.lib

libsqlite3.lib:	$(LIBOBJ)
................................................................................

threads.lo:	$(TOP)\src\threads.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\threads.c

tokenize.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tokenize.c keywordhash.h $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c

treeview.lo:	$(TOP)\src\treeview.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\treeview.c

trigger.lo:	$(TOP)\src\trigger.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\trigger.c

update.lo:	$(TOP)\src\update.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\update.c

utf.lo:	$(TOP)\src\utf.c $(HDR)
................................................................................

walker.lo:	$(TOP)\src\walker.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\walker.c

where.lo:	$(TOP)\src\where.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\where.c

wherecode.lo:	$(TOP)\src\wherecode.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\wherecode.c

whereexpr.lo:	$(TOP)\src\whereexpr.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(CORE_COMPILE_OPTS) -c $(TOP)\src\whereexpr.c

tclsqlite.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(NO_WARN) -DUSE_TCL_STUBS=1 -DBUILD_sqlite -I$(TCLINCDIR) -c $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite-shell.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(HDR)
	$(LTCOMPILE) $(NO_WARN) -DTCLSH=1 -DBUILD_sqlite -I$(TCLINCDIR) -c $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c

tclsqlite3.exe:	tclsqlite-shell.lo $(SQLITE3C) $(LIBRESOBJS)
................................................................................
testfixture.exe:	$(TESTFIXTURE_SRC) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(HDR)
	$(LTLINK) -DSQLITE_NO_SYNC=1 $(TESTFIXTURE_FLAGS) \
		-DBUILD_sqlite -I$(TCLINCDIR) \
		$(TESTFIXTURE_SRC) \
		/link $(LTLINKOPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)

extensiontest: testfixture.exe testloadext.dll
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\loadext.test $(TESTOPTS)

fulltest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\all.test $(TESTOPTS)

soaktest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\all.test -soak=1 $(TESTOPTS)

fulltestonly:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\full.test

queryplantest:	testfixture.exe sqlite3.exe
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\permutations.test queryplanner $(TESTOPTS)

fuzztest:	fuzzcheck.exe
	.\fuzzcheck.exe $(FUZZDATA)

# Minimal testing that runs in less than 3 minutes (on a fast machine)
#
quicktest:	testfixture.exe
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\extraquick.test $(TESTOPTS)

# This is the common case.  Run many tests that do not take too long,
# including fuzzcheck, sqlite3_analyzer, and sqldiff tests.
#
test:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\veryquick.test $(TESTOPTS)

smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	.\testfixture.exe $(TOP)\test\main.test $(TESTOPTS)

sqlite3_analyzer.c: $(SQLITE3C) $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $(TOP)\tool\spaceanal.tcl
	echo #define TCLSH 2 > $@
	echo #define SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB 1 >> $@
	copy $@ + $(SQLITE3C) + $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c $@
	echo static const char *tclsh_main_loop(void){ >> $@
	echo static const char *zMainloop = >> $@

Changes to README.md. 

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Unfortunately, years of effort have gone into optimizating SQLite, both
for small size and high performance.  And optimizations tend to result in
complex code.  So there is a lot of complexity in the SQLite implementation.

Key files:

  *  **sqlite3.h** - This file defines the public interface to the SQLite
     library.  Readers will need to be familiar with this interface before
     trying to understand how the library works internally.

  *  **sqliteInt.h** - this header file defines many of the data objects
     used internally by SQLite.

  *  **parse.y** - This file describes the LALR(1) grammer that SQLite uses
     to parse SQL statements, and the actions that are taken at each stop
     in the parsing process.

  *  **vdbe.c** - This file implements the virtual machine that runs
     prepared statements.  There are various helper files whose names
     begin with "vdbe".  The VDBE has access to the vdbeInt.h header file
     which defines internal data objects.  The rest of SQLite interacts
     with the VDBE through an interface defined by vdbe.h.
................................................................................

  *  **pager.c** - This file contains the "pager" implementation, the
     module that implements transactions.

  *  **os_unix.c** and **os_win.c** - These two files implement the interface
     between SQLite and the underlying operating system using the run-time
     pluggable VFS interface.













## Contacts

The main SQLite webpage is [http://www.sqlite.org/](http://www.sqlite.org/)
with geographically distributed backup servers at
[http://www2.sqlite.org/](http://www2.sqlite.org) and
[http://www3.sqlite.org/](http://www3.sqlite.org).








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Unfortunately, years of effort have gone into optimizating SQLite, both
for small size and high performance.  And optimizations tend to result in
complex code.  So there is a lot of complexity in the SQLite implementation.

Key files:

  *  **sqlite.h.in** - This file defines the public interface to the SQLite
     library.  Readers will need to be familiar with this interface before
     trying to understand how the library works internally.

  *  **sqliteInt.h** - this header file defines many of the data objects
     used internally by SQLite.

  *  **parse.y** - This file describes the LALR(1) grammer that SQLite uses
     to parse SQL statements, and the actions that are taken at each step
     in the parsing process.

  *  **vdbe.c** - This file implements the virtual machine that runs
     prepared statements.  There are various helper files whose names
     begin with "vdbe".  The VDBE has access to the vdbeInt.h header file
     which defines internal data objects.  The rest of SQLite interacts
     with the VDBE through an interface defined by vdbe.h.
................................................................................

  *  **pager.c** - This file contains the "pager" implementation, the
     module that implements transactions.

  *  **os_unix.c** and **os_win.c** - These two files implement the interface
     between SQLite and the underlying operating system using the run-time
     pluggable VFS interface.

  *  **shell.c** - This file is not part of the core SQLite library.  This
     is the file that, when linked against sqlite3.a, generates the
     "sqlite3.exe" command-line shell.

  *  **tclsqlite.c** - This file implements the Tcl bindings for SQLite.  It
     is not part of the core SQLite library.  But as most of the tests in this
     repository are written in Tcl, the Tcl language bindings are important.

There are many other source files.  Each has a suscinct header comment that
describes its purpose and role within the larger system.


## Contacts

The main SQLite webpage is [http://www.sqlite.org/](http://www.sqlite.org/)
with geographically distributed backup servers at
[http://www2.sqlite.org/](http://www2.sqlite.org) and
[http://www3.sqlite.org/](http://www3.sqlite.org).

Changes to configure. 

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    fi

    # Start autosearch by asking tclsh
    if test x"${ac_cv_c_tclconfig}" = x ; then
      if test x"$cross_compiling" = xno; then
        for i in `echo 'puts stdout $auto_path' | ${TCLSH_CMD}`
        do














          if test -f "$i/tclConfig.sh" ; then
            ac_cv_c_tclconfig="$i"
            break
          fi
        done
      fi
    fi








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    fi

    # Start autosearch by asking tclsh
    if test x"${ac_cv_c_tclconfig}" = x ; then
      if test x"$cross_compiling" = xno; then
        for i in `echo 'puts stdout $auto_path' | ${TCLSH_CMD}`
        do
          if test -f "$i/tclConfig.sh" ; then
            ac_cv_c_tclconfig="$i"
            break
          fi
        done
      fi
    fi

    # On ubuntu 14.10, $auto_path on tclsh is not quite correct.
    # So try again after applying corrections.
    if test x"${ac_cv_c_tclconfig}" = x ; then
      if test x"$cross_compiling" = xno; then
        for i in `echo 'puts stdout $auto_path' | ${TCLSH_CMD} | sed 's,/tcltk/tcl,/tcl,g'`
        do
          if test -f "$i/tclConfig.sh" ; then
            ac_cv_c_tclconfig="$i"
            break
          fi
        done
      fi
    fi

Changes to configure.ac. 

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    fi

    # Start autosearch by asking tclsh
    if test x"${ac_cv_c_tclconfig}" = x ; then
      if test x"$cross_compiling" = xno; then
        for i in `echo 'puts stdout $auto_path' | ${TCLSH_CMD}`
        do














          if test -f "$i/tclConfig.sh" ; then
            ac_cv_c_tclconfig="$i"
            break
          fi
        done
      fi
    fi








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    fi

    # Start autosearch by asking tclsh
    if test x"${ac_cv_c_tclconfig}" = x ; then
      if test x"$cross_compiling" = xno; then
        for i in `echo 'puts stdout $auto_path' | ${TCLSH_CMD}`
        do
          if test -f "$i/tclConfig.sh" ; then
            ac_cv_c_tclconfig="$i"
            break
          fi
        done
      fi
    fi

    # On ubuntu 14.10, $auto_path on tclsh is not quite correct.
    # So try again after applying corrections.
    if test x"${ac_cv_c_tclconfig}" = x ; then
      if test x"$cross_compiling" = xno; then
        for i in `echo 'puts stdout $auto_path' | ${TCLSH_CMD} | sed 's,/tcltk/tcl,/tcl,g'`
        do
          if test -f "$i/tclConfig.sh" ; then
            ac_cv_c_tclconfig="$i"
            break
          fi
        done
      fi
    fi

Changes to ext/rtree/rtreeC.test. 

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    sqlite3 db2 test.db
    db2 eval { DROP TABLE sqlite_stat1 }
    db2 close
    execsql { SELECT * FROM rt }
  } {1 2.0 3.0}
  db close
}

















































































finish_test













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    sqlite3 db2 test.db
    db2 eval { DROP TABLE sqlite_stat1 }
    db2 close
    execsql { SELECT * FROM rt }
  } {1 2.0 3.0}
  db close
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that queries featuring LEFT or CROSS JOINS are handled correctly.
# Handled correctly in this case means:
#
#   * Terms with prereqs that appear to the left of a LEFT JOIN against
#     the virtual table are always available to xBestIndex.
#
#   * Terms with prereqs that appear to the right of a LEFT JOIN against
#     the virtual table are never available to xBestIndex.
#
# And the same behaviour for CROSS joins.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 7.0 {
  CREATE TABLE xdir(x1);
  CREATE TABLE ydir(y1);
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt USING rtree_i32(id, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax);

  INSERT INTO xdir VALUES(5);
  INSERT INTO ydir VALUES(10);

  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(1, 2, 7, 12, 14);      -- Not a hit
  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(2, 2, 7, 8, 12);       -- A hit!
  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(3, 7, 11, 8, 12);      -- Not a hit!
  INSERT INTO rt VALUES(4, 5, 5, 10, 10);      -- A hit!

}

proc do_eqp_execsql_test {tn sql res} {
  set query "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN $sql ; $sql "
  uplevel [list do_execsql_test $tn $query $res]
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.1 {
  SELECT id FROM xdir, rt, ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE xdir} 
  0 1 2 {SCAN TABLE ydir} 
  0 2 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B2D3B0D1}
  2 4
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.2 {
  SELECT * FROM xdir, rt LEFT JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE xdir} 
  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1}
  0 2 2 {SCAN TABLE ydir} 

  5 1 2 7 12 14 {}
  5 2 2 7  8 12 10
  5 4 5 5 10 10 10
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.3 {
  SELECT id FROM xdir, rt CROSS JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE xdir} 
  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1}
  0 2 2 {SCAN TABLE ydir} 
  2 4
}

do_eqp_execsql_test 7.4 {
  SELECT id FROM rt, xdir CROSS JOIN ydir 
  ON (y1 BETWEEN ymin AND ymax)
  WHERE (x1 BETWEEN xmin AND xmax);
} {
  0 0 1 {SCAN TABLE xdir} 
  0 1 0 {SCAN TABLE rt VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:B0D1}
  0 2 2 {SCAN TABLE ydir} 
  2 4
}

finish_test



finish_test

Changes to main.mk. 

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         icu.o insert.o journal.o legacy.o loadext.o \
         main.o malloc.o mem0.o mem1.o mem2.o mem3.o mem5.o \
         memjournal.o \
         mutex.o mutex_noop.o mutex_unix.o mutex_w32.o \
         notify.o opcodes.o os.o os_unix.o os_win.o \
         pager.o pcache.o pcache1.o pragma.o prepare.o printf.o \
         random.o resolve.o rowset.o rtree.o select.o sqlite3ota.o status.o \
         table.o threads.o tokenize.o trigger.o \
         update.o userauth.o util.o vacuum.o \
         vdbeapi.o vdbeaux.o vdbeblob.o vdbemem.o vdbesort.o \
	 vdbetrace.o wal.o walker.o where.o utf.o vtab.o


LIBOBJ += sqlite3session.o



# All of the source code files.
#
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/sqlite3ext.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)/src/table.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \

  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/update.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/vtab.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vxworks.h \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.h \
  $(TOP)/src/walker.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \


  $(TOP)/src/whereInt.h

# Source code for extensions
#
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbemem.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \


  parse.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_aux.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_expr.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/async/sqlite3async.c \
................................................................................
# Databases containing fuzzer test cases
#
FUZZDATA = \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata1.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata2.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata3.db





# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.a sqlite3$(EXE)

libsqlite3.a:	$(LIBOBJ)
	$(AR) libsqlite3.a $(LIBOBJ)
................................................................................
fts3-testfixture$(EXE): sqlite3.c fts3amal.c $(TESTSRC) $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c
	$(TCCX) $(TCL_FLAGS) -DTCLSH=1 $(TESTFIXTURE_FLAGS)                  \
	-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3=1                                               \
		$(TESTSRC) $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c sqlite3.c fts3amal.c       \
		-o testfixture$(EXE) $(LIBTCL) $(THREADLIB)

fulltest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test

soaktest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test -soak=1

fulltestonly:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/full.test

queryplantest:	testfixture$(EXE) sqlite3$(EXE)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/permutations.test queryplanner

fuzztest:	fuzzcheck$(EXE) $(FUZZDATA)
	./fuzzcheck$(EXE) $(FUZZDATA)













test:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/veryquick.test

# Run a test using valgrind.  This can take a really long time
# because valgrind is so much slower than a native machine.
#
valgrindtest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzzcheck$(EXE) $(FUZZDATA)
	valgrind -v ./fuzzcheck$(EXE) --cell-size-check --quiet $(FUZZDATA)
	OMIT_MISUSE=1 valgrind -v ./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/permutations.test valgrind

# A very fast test that checks basic sanity.  The name comes from
# the 60s-era electronics testing:  "Turn it on and see if smoke
# comes out."
#
smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzzcheck$(EXE)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/main.test

# The next two rules are used to support the "threadtest" target. Building
# threadtest runs a few thread-safety tests that are implemented in C. This
# target is invoked by the releasetest.tcl script.
# 
THREADTEST3_SRC = $(TOP)/test/threadtest3.c    \
                  $(TOP)/test/tt3_checkpoint.c \








|


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>







 







>







 







>
>







 







>
>







 







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>







 







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|




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         icu.o insert.o journal.o legacy.o loadext.o \
         main.o malloc.o mem0.o mem1.o mem2.o mem3.o mem5.o \
         memjournal.o \
         mutex.o mutex_noop.o mutex_unix.o mutex_w32.o \
         notify.o opcodes.o os.o os_unix.o os_win.o \
         pager.o pcache.o pcache1.o pragma.o prepare.o printf.o \
         random.o resolve.o rowset.o rtree.o select.o sqlite3ota.o status.o \
         table.o threads.o tokenize.o treeview.o trigger.o \
         update.o userauth.o util.o vacuum.o \
         vdbeapi.o vdbeaux.o vdbeblob.o vdbemem.o vdbesort.o \
	 vdbetrace.o wal.o walker.o where.o wherecode.o whereexpr.o \
         utf.o vtab.o

LIBOBJ += sqlite3session.o



# All of the source code files.
#
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/sqlite3ext.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)/src/table.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/treeview.c \
  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/update.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vacuum.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/vtab.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vxworks.h \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wal.h \
  $(TOP)/src/walker.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wherecode.c \
  $(TOP)/src/whereexpr.c \
  $(TOP)/src/whereInt.h

# Source code for extensions
#
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts1/fts1.h \
................................................................................
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeapi.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbeaux.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbe.c \
  $(TOP)/src/vdbemem.c \
  $(TOP)/src/where.c \
  $(TOP)/src/wherecode.c \
  $(TOP)/src/whereexpr.c \
  parse.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_aux.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_expr.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/async/sqlite3async.c \
................................................................................
# Databases containing fuzzer test cases
#
FUZZDATA = \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata1.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata2.db \
  $(TOP)/test/fuzzdata3.db

# Standard options to testfixture
#
TESTOPTS = --verbose=file --output=test-out.txt

# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.a sqlite3$(EXE)

libsqlite3.a:	$(LIBOBJ)
	$(AR) libsqlite3.a $(LIBOBJ)
................................................................................
fts3-testfixture$(EXE): sqlite3.c fts3amal.c $(TESTSRC) $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c
	$(TCCX) $(TCL_FLAGS) -DTCLSH=1 $(TESTFIXTURE_FLAGS)                  \
	-DSQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3=1                                               \
		$(TESTSRC) $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c sqlite3.c fts3amal.c       \
		-o testfixture$(EXE) $(LIBTCL) $(THREADLIB)

fulltest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test $(TESTOPTS)

soaktest:	$(TESTPROGS)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/all.test -soak=1 $(TESTOPTS)

fulltestonly:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/full.test $(TESTOPTS)

queryplantest:	testfixture$(EXE) sqlite3$(EXE)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/permutations.test queryplanner $(TESTOPTS)

fuzztest:	fuzzcheck$(EXE) $(FUZZDATA)
	./fuzzcheck$(EXE) $(FUZZDATA)

valgrindfuzz:	fuzzcheck$(EXE) $(FUZZDATA)
	valgrind ./fuzzcheck$(EXE) --cell-size-check --quiet $(FUZZDATA)

# A very quick test using only testfixture and omitting all the slower
# tests.  Designed to run in under 3 minutes on a workstation.
#
quicktest:	./testfixture$(EXE)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/extraquick.test $(TESTOPTS)

# The default test case.  Runs most of the faster standard TCL tests,
# and fuzz tests, and sqlite3_analyzer and sqldiff tests.
#
test:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzztest
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/veryquick.test $(TESTOPTS)

# Run a test using valgrind.  This can take a really long time
# because valgrind is so much slower than a native machine.
#
valgrindtest:	$(TESTPROGS) valgrindfuzz
	OMIT_MISUSE=1 valgrind -v \
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/permutations.test valgrind $(TESTOPTS)

# A very fast test that checks basic sanity.  The name comes from
# the 60s-era electronics testing:  "Turn it on and see if smoke
# comes out."
#
smoketest:	$(TESTPROGS) fuzzcheck$(EXE)
	./testfixture$(EXE) $(TOP)/test/main.test $(TESTOPTS)

# The next two rules are used to support the "threadtest" target. Building
# threadtest runs a few thread-safety tests that are implemented in C. This
# target is invoked by the releasetest.tcl script.
# 
THREADTEST3_SRC = $(TOP)/test/threadtest3.c    \
                  $(TOP)/test/tt3_checkpoint.c \

Changes to src/alter.c. 

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  /* Ensure the default expression is something that sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
  ** can handle (i.e. not CURRENT_TIME etc.)
  */
  if( pDflt ){
    sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
    int rc;
    rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_NONE, &pVal);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      db->mallocFailed = 1;
      return;
    }
    if( !pVal ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column with non-constant default");








|








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  /* Ensure the default expression is something that sqlite3ValueFromExpr()
  ** can handle (i.e. not CURRENT_TIME etc.)
  */
  if( pDflt ){
    sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
    int rc;
    rc = sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db, pDflt, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pVal);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || rc==SQLITE_NOMEM );
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      db->mallocFailed = 1;
      return;
    }
    if( !pVal ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "Cannot add a column with non-constant default");

Changes to src/btree.c. 

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1275
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    ** freeblock form a big-endian integer which is the size of the freeblock
    ** in bytes, including the 4-byte header. */
    size = get2byte(&aData[pc+2]);
    if( size>=nByte ){
      int x = size - nByte;
      testcase( x==4 );
      testcase( x==3 );



      if( x<4 ){
        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-11498-58022 In a well-formed b-tree page, the total
        ** number of bytes in fragments may not exceed 60. */
        if( aData[hdr+7]>=60 ){
          if( pbDefrag ) *pbDefrag = 1;
          return 0;
        }
        /* Remove the slot from the free-list. Update the number of
        ** fragmented bytes within the page. */
        memcpy(&aData[iAddr], &aData[pc], 2);
        aData[hdr+7] += (u8)x;
      }else if( pc < pPg->cellOffset+2*pPg->nCell || size+pc > usableSize ){
        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }else{
        /* The slot remains on the free-list. Reduce its size to account
         ** for the portion used by the new allocation. */
        put2byte(&aData[pc+2], x);
      }
      return &aData[pc + x];
    }
................................................................................
    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
    data = pPage->aData;
    cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
    end = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
    ins = cellOffset + 2*i;
    rc = allocateSpace(pPage, sz, &idx);
    if( rc ){ *pRC = rc; return; }
    /* The allocateSpace() routine guarantees the following two properties
    ** if it returns success */
    assert( idx >= end+2 );
    assert( idx+sz <= (int)pPage->pBt->usableSize );
    pPage->nCell++;
    pPage->nFree -= (u16)(2 + sz);
    memcpy(&data[idx], pCell, sz);
    if( iChild ){
      put4byte(&data[idx], iChild);
    }








>
>
>
|










<
<
<







 







|
|
|








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    ** freeblock form a big-endian integer which is the size of the freeblock
    ** in bytes, including the 4-byte header. */
    size = get2byte(&aData[pc+2]);
    if( size>=nByte ){
      int x = size - nByte;
      testcase( x==4 );
      testcase( x==3 );
      if( pc < pPg->cellOffset+2*pPg->nCell || size+pc > usableSize ){
        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
        return 0;
      }else if( x<4 ){
        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-11498-58022 In a well-formed b-tree page, the total
        ** number of bytes in fragments may not exceed 60. */
        if( aData[hdr+7]>=60 ){
          if( pbDefrag ) *pbDefrag = 1;
          return 0;
        }
        /* Remove the slot from the free-list. Update the number of
        ** fragmented bytes within the page. */
        memcpy(&aData[iAddr], &aData[pc], 2);
        aData[hdr+7] += (u8)x;



      }else{
        /* The slot remains on the free-list. Reduce its size to account
         ** for the portion used by the new allocation. */
        put2byte(&aData[pc+2], x);
      }
      return &aData[pc + x];
    }
................................................................................
    assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
    data = pPage->aData;
    cellOffset = pPage->cellOffset;
    end = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
    ins = cellOffset + 2*i;
    rc = allocateSpace(pPage, sz, &idx);
    if( rc ){ *pRC = rc; return; }
    /* The allocateSpace() routine guarantees the following properties
    ** if it returns successfully */
    assert( idx >= 0 && (idx >= end+2 || CORRUPT_DB) );
    assert( idx+sz <= (int)pPage->pBt->usableSize );
    pPage->nCell++;
    pPage->nFree -= (u16)(2 + sz);
    memcpy(&data[idx], pCell, sz);
    if( iChild ){
      put4byte(&data[idx], iChild);
    }

Changes to src/build.c. 

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    p->aCol = aNew;
  }
  pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
  memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
  pCol->zName = z;
 
  /* If there is no type specified, columns have the default affinity
  ** 'NONE'. If there is a type specified, then sqlite3AddColumnType() will
  ** be called next to set pCol->affinity correctly.
  */
  pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
  pCol->szEst = 1;
  p->nCol++;
}

/*
** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.  A "NOT NULL" constraint has
................................................................................
**
** Substring     | Affinity
** --------------------------------
** 'INT'         | SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER
** 'CHAR'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** 'CLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** 'TEXT'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** 'BLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_NONE
** 'REAL'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
** 'FLOA'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
** 'DOUB'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
**
** If none of the substrings in the above table are found,
** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC is returned.
*/
................................................................................
      zChar = zIn;
    }else if( h==(('c'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b') ){       /* CLOB */
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    }else if( h==(('t'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('x'<<8)+'t') ){       /* TEXT */
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    }else if( h==(('b'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b')          /* BLOB */
        && (aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC || aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL) ){
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
      if( zIn[0]=='(' ) zChar = zIn;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    }else if( h==(('r'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'l')          /* REAL */
        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
    }else if( h==(('f'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'a')          /* FLOA */
        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
................................................................................
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(n, zStmt, "CREATE TABLE ");
  k = sqlite3Strlen30(zStmt);
  identPut(zStmt, &k, p->zName);
  zStmt[k++] = '(';
  for(pCol=p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    static const char * const azType[] = {
        /* SQLITE_AFF_NONE    */ "",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_TEXT    */ " TEXT",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC */ " NUM",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER */ " INT",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_REAL    */ " REAL"
    };
    int len;
    const char *zType;

    sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], zSep);
    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zStmt[k]);
    zSep = zSep2;
    identPut(zStmt, &k, pCol->zName);
    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_NONE >= 0 );
    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_NONE < ArraySize(azType) );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
    
    zType = azType[pCol->affinity - SQLITE_AFF_NONE];
    len = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
    assert( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE 
            || pCol->affinity==sqlite3AffinityType(zType, 0) );
    memcpy(&zStmt[k], zType, len);
    k += len;
    assert( k<=n );
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], "%s", zEnd);
  return zStmt;
................................................................................
  int i;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  if( pList==0 ) return;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zIndex);
    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pItem->pTab);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}
................................................................................
** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added 
** element of the source-list passed as the second argument.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
  assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
    assert( pItem->notIndexed==0 && pItem->zIndex==0 );
    if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y 
      ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
      pItem->notIndexed = 1;
    }else{
      pItem->zIndex = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
    }
  }
}

/*
** When building up a FROM clause in the parser, the join operator
** is initially attached to the left operand.  But the code generator








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    p->aCol = aNew;
  }
  pCol = &p->aCol[p->nCol];
  memset(pCol, 0, sizeof(p->aCol[0]));
  pCol->zName = z;
 
  /* If there is no type specified, columns have the default affinity
  ** 'BLOB'. If there is a type specified, then sqlite3AddColumnType() will
  ** be called next to set pCol->affinity correctly.
  */
  pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
  pCol->szEst = 1;
  p->nCol++;
}

/*
** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.  A "NOT NULL" constraint has
................................................................................
**
** Substring     | Affinity
** --------------------------------
** 'INT'         | SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER
** 'CHAR'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** 'CLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** 'TEXT'        | SQLITE_AFF_TEXT
** 'BLOB'        | SQLITE_AFF_BLOB
** 'REAL'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
** 'FLOA'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
** 'DOUB'        | SQLITE_AFF_REAL
**
** If none of the substrings in the above table are found,
** SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC is returned.
*/
................................................................................
      zChar = zIn;
    }else if( h==(('c'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b') ){       /* CLOB */
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    }else if( h==(('t'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('x'<<8)+'t') ){       /* TEXT */
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    }else if( h==(('b'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'b')          /* BLOB */
        && (aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC || aff==SQLITE_AFF_REAL) ){
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
      if( zIn[0]=='(' ) zChar = zIn;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    }else if( h==(('r'<<24)+('e'<<16)+('a'<<8)+'l')          /* REAL */
        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      aff = SQLITE_AFF_REAL;
    }else if( h==(('f'<<24)+('l'<<16)+('o'<<8)+'a')          /* FLOA */
        && aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
................................................................................
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(n, zStmt, "CREATE TABLE ");
  k = sqlite3Strlen30(zStmt);
  identPut(zStmt, &k, p->zName);
  zStmt[k++] = '(';
  for(pCol=p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    static const char * const azType[] = {
        /* SQLITE_AFF_BLOB    */ "",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_TEXT    */ " TEXT",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC */ " NUM",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER */ " INT",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_REAL    */ " REAL"
    };
    int len;
    const char *zType;

    sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], zSep);
    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zStmt[k]);
    zSep = zSep2;
    identPut(zStmt, &k, pCol->zName);
    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_BLOB >= 0 );
    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_BLOB < ArraySize(azType) );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
    
    zType = azType[pCol->affinity - SQLITE_AFF_BLOB];
    len = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
    assert( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB 
            || pCol->affinity==sqlite3AffinityType(zType, 0) );
    memcpy(&zStmt[k], zType, len);
    k += len;
    assert( k<=n );
  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], "%s", zEnd);
  return zStmt;
................................................................................
  int i;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  if( pList==0 ) return;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zIndexedBy);
    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pItem->pTab);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}
................................................................................
** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added 
** element of the source-list passed as the second argument.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
  assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
    assert( pItem->notIndexed==0 && pItem->zIndexedBy==0 );
    if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y 
      ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
      pItem->notIndexed = 1;
    }else{
      pItem->zIndexedBy = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
    }
  }
}

/*
** When building up a FROM clause in the parser, the join operator
** is initially attached to the left operand.  But the code generator

Changes to src/delete.c. 

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  int nCol;

  if( piPartIdxLabel ){
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      pParse->iPartIdxTab = iDataCur;
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel, 
                         SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    }else{
      *piPartIdxLabel = 0;
    }
  }
  nCol = (prefixOnly && pIdx->uniqNotNull) ? pIdx->nKeyCol : pIdx->nColumn;
  regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
  if( pPrior && (regBase!=regPrior || pPrior->pPartIdxWhere) ) pPrior = 0;








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  int nCol;

  if( piPartIdxLabel ){
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      pParse->iPartIdxTab = iDataCur;
      sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel, 
                            SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    }else{
      *piPartIdxLabel = 0;
    }
  }
  nCol = (prefixOnly && pIdx->uniqNotNull) ? pIdx->nKeyCol : pIdx->nColumn;
  regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
  if( pPrior && (regBase!=regPrior || pPrior->pPartIdxWhere) ) pPrior = 0;

Changes to src/expr.c. 

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  if( aff1 && aff2 ){
    /* Both sides of the comparison are columns. If one has numeric
    ** affinity, use that. Otherwise use no affinity.
    */
    if( sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff1) || sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff2) ){
      return SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
    }else{
      return SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
    }
  }else if( !aff1 && !aff2 ){
    /* Neither side of the comparison is a column.  Compare the
    ** results directly.
    */
    return SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
  }else{
    /* One side is a column, the other is not. Use the columns affinity. */
    assert( aff1==0 || aff2==0 );
    return (aff1 + aff2);
  }
}

................................................................................
  assert( pExpr->pLeft );
  aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  if( pExpr->pRight ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->pRight, aff);
  }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr, aff);
  }else if( !aff ){
    aff = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
  }
  return aff;
}

/*
** pExpr is a comparison expression, eg. '=', '<', IN(...) etc.
** idx_affinity is the affinity of an indexed column. Return true
** if the index with affinity idx_affinity may be used to implement
** the comparison in pExpr.
*/
int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity){
  char aff = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);
  switch( aff ){
    case SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
      return 1;
    case SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
      return idx_affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    default:
      return sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(idx_affinity);
  }
}
................................................................................
    pNewItem->jointype = pOldItem->jointype;
    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
    pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
    pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
    pNewItem->isCorrelated = pOldItem->isCorrelated;
    pNewItem->viaCoroutine = pOldItem->viaCoroutine;
    pNewItem->isRecursive = pOldItem->isRecursive;
    pNewItem->zIndex = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zIndex);
    pNewItem->notIndexed = pOldItem->notIndexed;
    pNewItem->pIndex = pOldItem->pIndex;
    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->nRef++;
    }
    pNewItem->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pOldItem->pSelect, flags);
................................................................................
** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
** for.
**
** These callback routines are used to implement the following:
**
**     sqlite3ExprIsConstant()                  pWalker->eCode==1
**     sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin()           pWalker->eCode==2
**     sqlite3ExprRefOneTableOnly()             pWalker->eCode==3
**     sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction()        pWalker->eCode==4 or 5
**
** In all cases, the callbacks set Walker.eCode=0 and abort if the expression
** is found to not be a constant.
**
** The sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction() is used for evaluating expressions
** in a CREATE TABLE statement.  The Walker.eCode value is 5 when parsing
................................................................................
** an ON or USING clause.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr *p){
  return exprIsConst(p, 2, 0);
}

/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression constant
** for any single row of the table with cursor iCur.  In other words, the
** expression must not refer to any non-deterministic function nor any
** table other than iCur.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
  return exprIsConst(p, 3, iCur);
}
................................................................................
** This routine is used to determine if the OP_Affinity operation
** can be omitted.  When in doubt return FALSE.  A false negative
** is harmless.  A false positive, however, can result in the wrong
** answer.
*/
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr *p, char aff){
  u8 op;
  if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ) return 1;
  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
  op = p->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
    }
................................................................................
        */
        int i;
        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
        int r1, r2, r3;

        if( !affinity ){
          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( pKeyInfo ){
          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
          pKeyInfo->aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
        }

        /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
................................................................................
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER );
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
  iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, target, iMem);
  exprToRegister(pExpr, iMem);
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 moreToFollow){
  const char *zBinOp = 0;   /* Binary operator */
  const char *zUniOp = 0;   /* Unary operator */
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "nil");
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    return;
  }
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG{%d:%d}",
            pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
        /* This only happens when coding check constraints */
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLUMN(%d)", pExpr->iColumn);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "{%d:%d}",
                             pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      if( pExpr->flags & EP_IntValue ){
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%d", pExpr->u.iValue);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    case TK_FLOAT: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_STRING: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
    case TK_NULL: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"NULL");
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
    case TK_BLOB: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_VARIABLE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"VARIABLE(%s,%d)",
                          pExpr->u.zToken, pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_REGISTER: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"REGISTER(%d)", pExpr->iTable);
      break;
    }
    case TK_AS: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"AS %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_ID: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"ID \"%w\"", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
    case TK_CAST: {
      /* Expressions of the form:   CAST(pLeft AS token) */
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"CAST %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_LT:      zBinOp = "LT";     break;
    case TK_LE:      zBinOp = "LE";     break;
    case TK_GT:      zBinOp = "GT";     break;
    case TK_GE:      zBinOp = "GE";     break;
    case TK_NE:      zBinOp = "NE";     break;
    case TK_EQ:      zBinOp = "EQ";     break;
    case TK_IS:      zBinOp = "IS";     break;
    case TK_ISNOT:   zBinOp = "ISNOT";  break;
    case TK_AND:     zBinOp = "AND";    break;
    case TK_OR:      zBinOp = "OR";     break;
    case TK_PLUS:    zBinOp = "ADD";    break;
    case TK_STAR:    zBinOp = "MUL";    break;
    case TK_MINUS:   zBinOp = "SUB";    break;
    case TK_REM:     zBinOp = "REM";    break;
    case TK_BITAND:  zBinOp = "BITAND"; break;
    case TK_BITOR:   zBinOp = "BITOR";  break;
    case TK_SLASH:   zBinOp = "DIV";    break;
    case TK_LSHIFT:  zBinOp = "LSHIFT"; break;
    case TK_RSHIFT:  zBinOp = "RSHIFT"; break;
    case TK_CONCAT:  zBinOp = "CONCAT"; break;
    case TK_DOT:     zBinOp = "DOT";    break;

    case TK_UMINUS:  zUniOp = "UMINUS"; break;
    case TK_UPLUS:   zUniOp = "UPLUS";  break;
    case TK_BITNOT:  zUniOp = "BITNOT"; break;
    case TK_NOT:     zUniOp = "NOT";    break;
    case TK_ISNULL:  zUniOp = "ISNULL"; break;
    case TK_NOTNULL: zUniOp = "NOTNULL"; break;

    case TK_COLLATE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLLATE %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }

    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        pFarg = 0;
      }else{
        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
      }
      if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG_FUNCTION%d %Q",
                             pExpr->op2, pExpr->u.zToken);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FUNCTION %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      }
      if( pFarg ){
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pFarg, 0, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_EXISTS: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr");
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_SELECT: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr");
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_IN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    /*
    **    x BETWEEN y AND z
    **
    ** This is equivalent to
    **
    **    x>=y AND x<=z
    **
    ** X is stored in pExpr->pLeft.
    ** Y is stored in pExpr->pList->a[0].pExpr.
    ** Z is stored in pExpr->pList->a[1].pExpr.
    */
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      Expr *pX = pExpr->pLeft;
      Expr *pY = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      Expr *pZ = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "BETWEEN");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pX, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pY, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pZ, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_TRIGGER: {
      /* If the opcode is TK_TRIGGER, then the expression is a reference
      ** to a column in the new.* or old.* pseudo-tables available to
      ** trigger programs. In this case Expr.iTable is set to 1 for the
      ** new.* pseudo-table, or 0 for the old.* pseudo-table. Expr.iColumn
      ** is set to the column of the pseudo-table to read, or to -1 to
      ** read the rowid field.
      */
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s(%d)", 
          pExpr->iTable ? "NEW" : "OLD", pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_CASE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "CASE");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      const char *zType = "unk";
      switch( pExpr->affinity ){
        case OE_Rollback:   zType = "rollback";  break;
        case OE_Abort:      zType = "abort";     break;
        case OE_Fail:       zType = "fail";      break;
        case OE_Ignore:     zType = "ignore";    break;
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "RAISE %s(%Q)", zType, pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    default: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "op=%d", pExpr->op);
      break;
    }
  }
  if( zBinOp ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zBinOp);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pRight, 0);
  }else if( zUniOp ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zUniOp);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression list.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(
  TreeView *pView,
  const ExprList *pList,
  u8 moreToFollow,
  const char *zLabel
){
  int i;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( zLabel==0 || zLabel[0]==0 ) zLabel = "LIST";
  if( pList==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s (empty)", zLabel);
  }else{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);
#if 0
     if( pList->a[i].zName ){
        sqlite3ExplainPrintf(pOut, " AS %s", pList->a[i].zName);
      }
      if( pList->a[i].bSpanIsTab ){
        sqlite3ExplainPrintf(pOut, " (%s)", pList->a[i].zSpan);
      }
#endif
    }
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/*
** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
**
** Return the number of elements evaluated.
**
** The SQLITE_ECEL_DUP flag prevents the arguments from being
................................................................................
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
}
















/*
** Do a deep comparison of two expression trees.  Return 0 if the two
** expressions are completely identical.  Return 1 if they differ only
** by a COLLATE operator at the top level.  Return 2 if there are differences
** other than the top-level COLLATE operator.
**








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  if( aff1 && aff2 ){
    /* Both sides of the comparison are columns. If one has numeric
    ** affinity, use that. Otherwise use no affinity.
    */
    if( sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff1) || sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff2) ){
      return SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
    }else{
      return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
    }
  }else if( !aff1 && !aff2 ){
    /* Neither side of the comparison is a column.  Compare the
    ** results directly.
    */
    return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
  }else{
    /* One side is a column, the other is not. Use the columns affinity. */
    assert( aff1==0 || aff2==0 );
    return (aff1 + aff2);
  }
}

................................................................................
  assert( pExpr->pLeft );
  aff = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  if( pExpr->pRight ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->pRight, aff);
  }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    aff = sqlite3CompareAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr, aff);
  }else if( !aff ){
    aff = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
  }
  return aff;
}

/*
** pExpr is a comparison expression, eg. '=', '<', IN(...) etc.
** idx_affinity is the affinity of an indexed column. Return true
** if the index with affinity idx_affinity may be used to implement
** the comparison in pExpr.
*/
int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity){
  char aff = comparisonAffinity(pExpr);
  switch( aff ){
    case SQLITE_AFF_BLOB:
      return 1;
    case SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
      return idx_affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT;
    default:
      return sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(idx_affinity);
  }
}
................................................................................
    pNewItem->jointype = pOldItem->jointype;
    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
    pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
    pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
    pNewItem->isCorrelated = pOldItem->isCorrelated;
    pNewItem->viaCoroutine = pOldItem->viaCoroutine;
    pNewItem->isRecursive = pOldItem->isRecursive;
    pNewItem->zIndexedBy = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zIndexedBy);
    pNewItem->notIndexed = pOldItem->notIndexed;
    pNewItem->pIndex = pOldItem->pIndex;
    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->nRef++;
    }
    pNewItem->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pOldItem->pSelect, flags);
................................................................................
** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
** for.
**
** These callback routines are used to implement the following:
**
**     sqlite3ExprIsConstant()                  pWalker->eCode==1
**     sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin()           pWalker->eCode==2
**     sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant()             pWalker->eCode==3
**     sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction()        pWalker->eCode==4 or 5
**
** In all cases, the callbacks set Walker.eCode=0 and abort if the expression
** is found to not be a constant.
**
** The sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction() is used for evaluating expressions
** in a CREATE TABLE statement.  The Walker.eCode value is 5 when parsing
................................................................................
** an ON or USING clause.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Expr *p){
  return exprIsConst(p, 2, 0);
}

/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression is constant
** for any single row of the table with cursor iCur.  In other words, the
** expression must not refer to any non-deterministic function nor any
** table other than iCur.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
  return exprIsConst(p, 3, iCur);
}
................................................................................
** This routine is used to determine if the OP_Affinity operation
** can be omitted.  When in doubt return FALSE.  A false negative
** is harmless.  A false positive, however, can result in the wrong
** answer.
*/
int sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(const Expr *p, char aff){
  u8 op;
  if( aff==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ) return 1;
  while( p->op==TK_UPLUS || p->op==TK_UMINUS ){ p = p->pLeft; }
  op = p->op;
  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = p->op2;
  switch( op ){
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      return aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || aff==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC;
    }
................................................................................
        */
        int i;
        ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
        struct ExprList_item *pItem;
        int r1, r2, r3;

        if( !affinity ){
          affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
        if( pKeyInfo ){
          assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pKeyInfo) );
          pKeyInfo->aColl[0] = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
        }

        /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
................................................................................
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER );
  sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pExpr, target);
  iMem = ++pParse->nMem;
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, target, iMem);
  exprToRegister(pExpr, iMem);
}







































































































































































































































































/*
** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
**
** Return the number of elements evaluated.
**
** The SQLITE_ECEL_DUP flag prevents the arguments from being
................................................................................
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree1);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regFree2);
}

/*
** Like sqlite3ExprIfFalse() except that a copy is made of pExpr before
** code generation, and that copy is deleted after code generation. This
** ensures that the original pExpr is unchanged.
*/
void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int dest,int jumpIfNull){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  Expr *pCopy = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pCopy, dest, jumpIfNull);
  }
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCopy);
}


/*
** Do a deep comparison of two expression trees.  Return 0 if the two
** expressions are completely identical.  Return 1 if they differ only
** by a COLLATE operator at the top level.  Return 2 if there are differences
** other than the top-level COLLATE operator.
**

Changes to src/insert.c. 

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/*
** Return a pointer to the column affinity string associated with index
** pIdx. A column affinity string has one character for each column in 
** the table, according to the affinity of the column:
**
**  Character      Column affinity
**  ------------------------------
**  'A'            NONE
**  'B'            TEXT
**  'C'            NUMERIC
**  'D'            INTEGER
**  'F'            REAL
**
** An extra 'D' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
................................................................................
  }
 
  return pIdx->zColAff;
}

/*
** Compute the affinity string for table pTab, if it has not already been
** computed.  As an optimization, omit trailing SQLITE_AFF_NONE affinities.
**
** If the affinity exists (if it is no entirely SQLITE_AFF_NONE values) and
** if iReg>0 then code an OP_Affinity opcode that will set the affinities
** for register iReg and following.  Or if affinities exists and iReg==0,
** then just set the P4 operand of the previous opcode (which should  be
** an OP_MakeRecord) to the affinity string.
**
** A column affinity string has one character per column:
**
**  Character      Column affinity
**  ------------------------------
**  'A'            NONE
**  'B'            TEXT
**  'C'            NUMERIC
**  'D'            INTEGER
**  'E'            REAL
*/
void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int iReg){
  int i;
................................................................................
    }

    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      zColAff[i] = pTab->aCol[i].affinity;
    }
    do{
      zColAff[i--] = 0;
    }while( i>=0 && zColAff[i]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
    pTab->zColAff = zColAff;
  }
  i = sqlite3Strlen30(zColAff);
  if( i ){
    if( iReg ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, iReg, i, 0, zColAff, i);
    }else{
................................................................................
    iThisCur = iIdxCur+ix;
    addrUniqueOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    /* Skip partial indices for which the WHERE clause is not true */
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, aRegIdx[ix]);
      pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, addrUniqueOk,
                         SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pParse->ckBase = 0;
    }

    /* Create a record for this index entry as it should appear after
    ** the insert or update.  Store that record in the aRegIdx[ix] register
    */
    regIdx = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pIdx->nColumn);








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..
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/*
** Return a pointer to the column affinity string associated with index
** pIdx. A column affinity string has one character for each column in 
** the table, according to the affinity of the column:
**
**  Character      Column affinity
**  ------------------------------
**  'A'            BLOB
**  'B'            TEXT
**  'C'            NUMERIC
**  'D'            INTEGER
**  'F'            REAL
**
** An extra 'D' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
................................................................................
  }
 
  return pIdx->zColAff;
}

/*
** Compute the affinity string for table pTab, if it has not already been
** computed.  As an optimization, omit trailing SQLITE_AFF_BLOB affinities.
**
** If the affinity exists (if it is no entirely SQLITE_AFF_BLOB values) and
** if iReg>0 then code an OP_Affinity opcode that will set the affinities
** for register iReg and following.  Or if affinities exists and iReg==0,
** then just set the P4 operand of the previous opcode (which should  be
** an OP_MakeRecord) to the affinity string.
**
** A column affinity string has one character per column:
**
**  Character      Column affinity
**  ------------------------------
**  'A'            BLOB
**  'B'            TEXT
**  'C'            NUMERIC
**  'D'            INTEGER
**  'E'            REAL
*/
void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int iReg){
  int i;
................................................................................
    }

    for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
      zColAff[i] = pTab->aCol[i].affinity;
    }
    do{
      zColAff[i--] = 0;
    }while( i>=0 && zColAff[i]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB );
    pTab->zColAff = zColAff;
  }
  i = sqlite3Strlen30(zColAff);
  if( i ){
    if( iReg ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Affinity, iReg, i, 0, zColAff, i);
    }else{
................................................................................
    iThisCur = iIdxCur+ix;
    addrUniqueOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

    /* Skip partial indices for which the WHERE clause is not true */
    if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, aRegIdx[ix]);
      pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, addrUniqueOk,
                            SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pParse->ckBase = 0;
    }

    /* Create a record for this index entry as it should appear after
    ** the insert or update.  Store that record in the aRegIdx[ix] register
    */
    regIdx = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pIdx->nColumn);

Changes to src/printf.c. 

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/*
** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
** the public domain.  The original comments are included here for
** completeness.  They are very out-of-date but might be useful as
** an historical reference.  Most of the "enhancements" have been backed
** out so that the functionality is now the same as standard printf().
**
**************************************************************************
**
** This file contains code for a set of "printf"-like routines.  These
** routines format strings much like the printf() from the standard C
** library, though the implementation here has enhancements to support
** SQLlite.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Conversion types fall into various categories as defined by the
** following enumeration.
*/
................................................................................
  va_end(ap);
  sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
  fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
  fflush(stdout);
}
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*************************************************************************
** Routines for implementing the "TreeView" display of hierarchical
** data structures for debugging.
**
** The main entry points (coded elsewhere) are:
**     sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pExpr, 0);
**     sqlite3TreeViewExprList(0, pList, 0, 0);
**     sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, pSelect, 0);
** Insert calls to those routines while debugging in order to display
** a diagram of Expr, ExprList, and Select objects.
**
*/
/* Add a new subitem to the tree.  The moreToFollow flag indicates that this
** is not the last item in the tree. */
TreeView *sqlite3TreeViewPush(TreeView *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  if( p==0 ){
    p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*p) );
    if( p==0 ) return 0;
    memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
  }else{
    p->iLevel++;
  }
  assert( moreToFollow==0 || moreToFollow==1 );
  if( p->iLevel<sizeof(p->bLine) ) p->bLine[p->iLevel] = moreToFollow;
  return p;
}
/* Finished with one layer of the tree */
void sqlite3TreeViewPop(TreeView *p){
  if( p==0 ) return;
  p->iLevel--;
  if( p->iLevel<0 ) sqlite3_free(p);
}
/* Generate a single line of output for the tree, with a prefix that contains
** all the appropriate tree lines */
void sqlite3TreeViewLine(TreeView *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  int i;
  StrAccum acc;
  char zBuf[500];
  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
  if( p ){
    for(i=0; i<p->iLevel && i<sizeof(p->bLine)-1; i++){
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&acc, p->bLine[i] ? "|   " : "    ", 4);
    }
    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&acc, p->bLine[i] ? "|-- " : "'-- ", 4);
  }
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( zBuf[acc.nChar-1]!='\n' ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&acc, "\n", 1);
  sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
  fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
  fflush(stdout);
}
/* Shorthand for starting a new tree item that consists of a single label */
void sqlite3TreeViewItem(TreeView *p, const char *zLabel, u8 moreToFollow){
  p = sqlite3TreeViewPush(p, moreToFollow);
  sqlite3TreeViewLine(p, "%s", zLabel);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/*
** variable-argument wrapper around sqlite3VXPrintf().
*/
void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum *p, u32 bFlags, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap,zFormat);
  sqlite3VXPrintf(p, bFlags, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
}



|
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/*
** The "printf" code that follows dates from the 1980's.  It is in
** the public domain. 



**
**************************************************************************
**
** This file contains code for a set of "printf"-like routines.  These
** routines format strings much like the printf() from the standard C
** library, though the implementation here has enhancements to support
** SQLite.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Conversion types fall into various categories as defined by the
** following enumeration.
*/
................................................................................
  va_end(ap);
  sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
  fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
  fflush(stdout);
}
#endif































































/*
** variable-argument wrapper around sqlite3VXPrintf().
*/
void sqlite3XPrintf(StrAccum *p, u32 bFlags, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap,zFormat);
  sqlite3VXPrintf(p, bFlags, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
}

Changes to src/select.c. 

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/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
/***/ int sqlite3SelectTrace = 0;
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
  if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s%s.%p: ",(P)->nSelectIndent*2-2,"",(S)->zSelName,(S)),\

    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
#endif


/*
................................................................................
      case WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE: {
        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, pDistinct->addrTnct);
        break;
      }

      default: {
        assert( pDistinct->eTnctType==WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED );
        codeDistinct(pParse, pDistinct->tabTnct, iContinue, nResultCol, regResult);

        break;
      }
    }
    if( pSort==0 ){
      codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, iContinue);
    }
  }
................................................................................
      if( eDest==SRT_DistFifo ){
        /* If the destination is DistFifo, then cursor (iParm+1) is open
        ** on an ephemeral index. If the current row is already present
        ** in the index, do not write it to the output. If not, add the
        ** current row to the index and proceed with writing it to the
        ** output table as well.  */
        int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 4;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
................................................................................
** The declaration type for any expression other than a column is NULL.
**
** This routine has either 3 or 6 parameters depending on whether or not
** the SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA compile-time option is used.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,C,D,E,F)



static const char *columnTypeImpl(
  NameContext *pNC, 
  Expr *pExpr,

  const char **pzOrigDb,
  const char **pzOrigTab,
  const char **pzOrigCol,

  u8 *pEstWidth
){




  char const *zOrigDb = 0;
  char const *zOrigTab = 0;
  char const *zOrigCol = 0;
#else /* if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA) */
# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,F)
static const char *columnTypeImpl(
  NameContext *pNC, 
  Expr *pExpr,
  u8 *pEstWidth
){
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA) */
  char const *zType = 0;
  int j;
  u8 estWidth = 1;

  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) || pNC->pSrcList==0 ) return 0;
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      /* The expression is a column. Locate the table the column is being
      ** extracted from in NameContext.pSrcList. This table may be real
................................................................................
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
  a = pSelect->pEList->a;
  for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    p = a[i].pExpr;
    if( pCol->zType==0 ){

      pCol->zType = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, columnType(&sNC, p,0,0,0, &pCol->szEst));
    }
    szAll += pCol->szEst;
    pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
    if( pCol->affinity==0 ) pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
    if( pColl && pCol->zColl==0 ){
      pCol->zColl = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pColl->zName);
    }
  }
  pTab->szTabRow = sqlite3LogEst(szAll*4);
}
................................................................................
**   (8)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
**
**   (9)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
**        aggregates.
**
**  (**)  Restriction (10) was removed from the code on 2005-02-05 but we
**        accidently carried the comment forward until 2014-09-15.  Original
**        text: "The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query does not
**        use LIMIT."
**
**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
**
**  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
**        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
**
**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT.
................................................................................
  /* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return
  ** success.
  */
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSub1);

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("After flattening:\n");
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  return 1;



































































}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */

/*
** Based on the contents of the AggInfo structure indicated by the first
** argument, this function checks if the following are true:
**
................................................................................
** If the source-list item passed as an argument was augmented with an
** INDEXED BY clause, then try to locate the specified index. If there
** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return 
** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate 
** pFrom->pIndex and return SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
  if( pFrom->pTab && pFrom->zIndex ){
    Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
    char *zIndex = pFrom->zIndex;
    Index *pIdx;
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; 
        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndex); 
        pIdx=pIdx->pNext
    );
    if( !pIdx ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndex, 0);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    pFrom->pIndex = pIdx;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
................................................................................
    p->pOrderBy = 0;
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
  }
  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
  memset(&sSort, 0, sizeof(sSort));
  sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }

  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
  assert( pEList!=0 );
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif


  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
  ** only a single column may be output.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, pEList->nExpr) ){
    goto select_end;
  }
#endif














































  /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
  for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
    SelectDest dest;
    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
    int isAggSub;

    if( pSub==0 ) continue;

    /* Sometimes the code for a subquery will be generated more than
    ** once, if the subquery is part of the WHERE clause in a LEFT JOIN,
    ** for example.  In that case, do not regenerate the code to manifest
    ** a view or the co-routine to implement a view.  The first instance
    ** is sufficient, though the subroutine to manifest the view does need
................................................................................
    ** may contain expression trees of at most
    ** (SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH-Parse.nHeight) height. This is a bit
    ** more conservative than necessary, but much easier than enforcing
    ** an exact limit.
    */
    pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);

    isAggSub = (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg, isAggSub) ){
      /* This subquery can be absorbed into its parent. */
      if( isAggSub ){
        isAgg = 1;
        p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;





      }
      i = -1;





    }else if( pTabList->nSrc==1
           && (p->selFlags & SF_All)==0
           && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SubqCoroutine)
    ){
      /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
      ** set on each invocation.
      */
      int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
................................................................................
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }
    if( /*pParse->nErr ||*/ db->mallocFailed ){
      goto select_end;
    }
    pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
    pTabList = p->pSrc;
    if( !IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
      sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
    }

  }


  pEList = p->pEList;
#endif
  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
  pHaving = p->pHaving;
  sDistinct.isTnct = (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  /* If there is are a sequence of queries, do the earlier ones first.
  */
  if( p->pPrior ){
    rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
    explainSetInteger(pParse->iSelectId, iRestoreSelectId);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
    SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("end compound-select processing\n"));
    pParse->nSelectIndent--;
#endif
    return rc;



  }
#endif

  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
  ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
  ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:
  **
................................................................................
  **
  ** The second form is preferred as a single index (or temp-table) may be 
  ** used for both the ORDER BY and DISTINCT processing. As originally 
  ** written the query must use a temp-table for at least one of the ORDER 
  ** BY and DISTINCT, and an index or separate temp-table for the other.
  */
  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct 
   && sqlite3ExprListCompare(sSort.pOrderBy, p->pEList, -1)==0
  ){
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
    p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, p->pEList, 0);
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
    /* Notice that even thought SF_Distinct has been cleared from p->selFlags,
    ** the sDistinct.isTnct is still set.  Hence, isTnct represents the
    ** original setting of the SF_Distinct flag, not the current setting */
    assert( sDistinct.isTnct );
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then this sorting
  ** index might end up being unused if the data can be 
  ** extracted in pre-sorted order.  If that is the case, then the
  ** OP_OpenEphemeral instruction will be changed to an OP_Noop once
  ** we figure out that the sorting index is not needed.  The addrSortIndex
  ** variable is used to facilitate that change.

  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
    pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, sSort.pOrderBy, 0, pEList->nExpr);
    sSort.iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
    sSort.addrSortIndex =
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
................................................................................
  p->nSelectRow = LARGEST_INT64;
  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iEnd);
  if( p->iLimit==0 && sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, sSort.addrSortIndex)->opcode = OP_SorterOpen;
    sSort.sortFlags |= SORTFLAG_UseSorter;
  }

  /* Open a virtual index to use for the distinct set.
  */
  if( p->selFlags & SF_Distinct ){
    sDistinct.tabTnct = pParse->nTab++;
    sDistinct.addrTnct = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
                                sDistinct.tabTnct, 0, 0,
                                (char*)keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, p->pEList,0,0),
                                P4_KEYINFO);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, BTREE_UNORDERED);
    sDistinct.eTnctType = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED;
  }else{
    sDistinct.eTnctType = WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;
  }

  if( !isAgg && pGroupBy==0 ){
................................................................................
        pItem->u.x.iAlias = 0;
      }
      if( p->nSelectRow>100 ) p->nSelectRow = 100;
    }else{
      p->nSelectRow = 1;
    }


    /* If there is both a GROUP BY and an ORDER BY clause and they are
    ** identical, then it may be possible to disable the ORDER BY clause 
    ** on the grounds that the GROUP BY will cause elements to come out 
    ** in the correct order. It also may not - the GROUP BY may use a
    ** database index that causes rows to be grouped together as required
    ** but not actually sorted. Either way, record the fact that the
    ** ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses are the same by setting the orderByGrp
    ** variable.  */
    if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pGroupBy, sSort.pOrderBy, -1)==0 ){
      orderByGrp = 1;
    }
................................................................................
      ** (b0 is memory location iBMem+0, b1 is iBMem+1, and so forth)
      ** Then compare the current GROUP BY terms against the GROUP BY terms
      ** from the previous row currently stored in a0, a1, a2...
      */
      addrTopOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
      if( groupBySort ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, sAggInfo.sortingIdx, sortOut,sortPTab);

      }
      for(j=0; j<pGroupBy->nExpr; j++){
        if( groupBySort ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, sortPTab, j, iBMem+j);
        }else{
          sAggInfo.directMode = 1;
          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pGroupBy->a[j].pExpr, iBMem+j);
................................................................................
      */
      addrSetAbort = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iAbortFlag);
      VdbeComment((v, "set abort flag"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrOutputRow);
      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iUseFlag, addrOutputRow+2); VdbeCoverage(v);

      VdbeComment((v, "Groupby result generator entry point"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
      finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, &sSort,
                      &sDistinct, pDest,
                      addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
................................................................................
    explainTempTable(pParse, "DISTINCT");
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then we need to sort the results
  ** and send them to the callback one by one.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){

    explainTempTable(pParse, sSort.nOBSat>0 ? "RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY":"ORDER BY");
    generateSortTail(pParse, p, &sSort, pEList->nExpr, pDest);
  }

  /* Jump here to skip this query
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEnd);

................................................................................
  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("end processing\n"));
  pParse->nSelectIndent--;
#endif
  return rc;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s (0x%p) selFlags=0x%x",
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""), p, p->selFlags
  );
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
  if( p->pWhere ) n++;
  if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
  if( p->pHaving ) n++;
  if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
  if( p->pLimit ) n++;
  if( p->pOffset ) n++;
  if( p->pPrior ) n++;
  sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
    int i;
    pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FROM");
    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
      StrAccum x;
      char zLine[100];
      sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, "{%d,*}", pItem->iCursor);
      if( pItem->zDatabase ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
      }else if( pItem->zName ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s", pItem->zName);
      }
      if( pItem->pTab ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " tabname=%Q", pItem->pTab->zName);
      }
      if( pItem->zAlias ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
      }
      if( pItem->jointype & JT_LEFT ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " LEFT-JOIN");
      }
      sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1); 
      if( pItem->pSelect ){
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pWhere ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "WHERE", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pWhere, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pGroupBy ){
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pGroupBy, (n--)>0, "GROUPBY");
  }
  if( p->pHaving ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "HAVING", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pHaving, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pOrderBy ){
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pOrderBy, (n--)>0, "ORDERBY");
  }
  if( p->pLimit ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pOffset ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pPrior ){
    const char *zOp = "UNION";
    switch( p->op ){
      case TK_ALL:         zOp = "UNION ALL";  break;
      case TK_INTERSECT:   zOp = "INTERSECT";  break;
      case TK_EXCEPT:      zOp = "EXCEPT";     break;
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zOp, (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, p->pPrior, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */








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....
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/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
/***/ int sqlite3SelectTrace = 0;
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
  if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s%s.%p: ",(P)->nSelectIndent*2-2,"",\
        (S)->zSelName,(S)),\
    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
#endif


/*
................................................................................
      case WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE: {
        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, pDistinct->addrTnct);
        break;
      }

      default: {
        assert( pDistinct->eTnctType==WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED );
        codeDistinct(pParse, pDistinct->tabTnct, iContinue, nResultCol,
                     regResult);
        break;
      }
    }
    if( pSort==0 ){
      codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, iContinue);
    }
  }
................................................................................
      if( eDest==SRT_DistFifo ){
        /* If the destination is DistFifo, then cursor (iParm+1) is open
        ** on an ephemeral index. If the current row is already present
        ** in the index, do not write it to the output. If not, add the
        ** current row to the index and proceed with writing it to the
        ** output table as well.  */
        int addr = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 4;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
................................................................................
** The declaration type for any expression other than a column is NULL.
**
** This routine has either 3 or 6 parameters depending on whether or not
** the SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA compile-time option is used.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,C,D,E,F)
#else /* if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA) */
# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,F)
#endif
static const char *columnTypeImpl(
  NameContext *pNC, 
  Expr *pExpr,
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
  const char **pzOrigDb,
  const char **pzOrigTab,
  const char **pzOrigCol,
#endif
  u8 *pEstWidth
){
  char const *zType = 0;
  int j;
  u8 estWidth = 1;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
  char const *zOrigDb = 0;
  char const *zOrigTab = 0;
  char const *zOrigCol = 0;
#endif











  if( NEVER(pExpr==0) || pNC->pSrcList==0 ) return 0;
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      /* The expression is a column. Locate the table the column is being
      ** extracted from in NameContext.pSrcList. This table may be real
................................................................................
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  sNC.pSrcList = pSelect->pSrc;
  a = pSelect->pEList->a;
  for(i=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; i<pTab->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    p = a[i].pExpr;
    if( pCol->zType==0 ){
      pCol->zType = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, 
                        columnType(&sNC, p,0,0,0, &pCol->szEst));
    }
    szAll += pCol->szEst;
    pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
    if( pCol->affinity==0 ) pCol->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
    if( pColl && pCol->zColl==0 ){
      pCol->zColl = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pColl->zName);
    }
  }
  pTab->szTabRow = sqlite3LogEst(szAll*4);
}
................................................................................
**   (8)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
**
**   (9)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
**        aggregates.
**
**  (**)  Restriction (10) was removed from the code on 2005-02-05 but we
**        accidently carried the comment forward until 2014-09-15.  Original
**        text: "The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query 
**        does not use LIMIT."
**
**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
**
**  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
**        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
**
**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT.
................................................................................
  /* Finially, delete what is left of the subquery and return
  ** success.
  */
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSub1);

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After flattening:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  return 1;
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */



#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
/*
** Make copies of relevant WHERE clause terms of the outer query into
** the WHERE clause of subquery.  Example:
**
**    SELECT * FROM (SELECT a AS x, c-d AS y FROM t1) WHERE x=5 AND y=10;
**
** Transformed into:
**
**    SELECT * FROM (SELECT a AS x, c-d AS y FROM t1 WHERE a=5 AND c-d=10)
**     WHERE x=5 AND y=10;
**
** The hope is that the terms added to the inner query will make it more
** efficient.
**
** Do not attempt this optimization if:
**
**   (1) The inner query is an aggregate.  (In that case, we'd really want
**       to copy the outer WHERE-clause terms onto the HAVING clause of the
**       inner query.  But they probably won't help there so do not bother.)
**
**   (2) The inner query is the recursive part of a common table expression.
**
**   (3) The inner query has a LIMIT clause (since the changes to the WHERE
**       close would change the meaning of the LIMIT).
**
**   (4) The inner query is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN.  (The caller
**       enforces this restriction since this routine does not have enough
**       information to know.)
**
** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
** terms are duplicated into the subquery.
*/
static int pushDownWhereTerms(
  sqlite3 *db,          /* The database connection (for malloc()) */
  Select *pSubq,        /* The subquery whose WHERE clause is to be augmented */
  Expr *pWhere,         /* The WHERE clause of the outer query */
  int iCursor           /* Cursor number of the subquery */
){
  Expr *pNew;
  int nChng = 0;
  if( pWhere==0 ) return 0;
  if( (pSubq->selFlags & (SF_Aggregate|SF_Recursive))!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restrictions (1) and (2) */
  }
  if( pSubq->pLimit!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restriction (3) */
  }
  while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
    nChng += pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSubq, pWhere->pRight, iCursor);
    pWhere = pWhere->pLeft;
  }
  if( sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pWhere, iCursor) ){
    nChng++;
    while( pSubq ){
      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
      pNew = substExpr(db, pNew, iCursor, pSubq->pEList);
      pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
      pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;
    }
  }
  return nChng;
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */

/*
** Based on the contents of the AggInfo structure indicated by the first
** argument, this function checks if the following are true:
**
................................................................................
** If the source-list item passed as an argument was augmented with an
** INDEXED BY clause, then try to locate the specified index. If there
** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return 
** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate 
** pFrom->pIndex and return SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
  if( pFrom->pTab && pFrom->zIndexedBy ){
    Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
    char *zIndexedBy = pFrom->zIndexedBy;
    Index *pIdx;
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; 
        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndexedBy); 
        pIdx=pIdx->pNext
    );
    if( !pIdx ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndexedBy, 0);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    pFrom->pIndex = pIdx;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
................................................................................
    p->pOrderBy = 0;
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
  }
  sqlite3SelectPrep(pParse, p, 0);
  memset(&sSort, 0, sizeof(sSort));
  sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
  pTabList = p->pSrc;

  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif







  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
  ** only a single column may be output.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  if( checkForMultiColumnSelectError(pParse, pDest, p->pEList->nExpr) ){
    goto select_end;
  }
#endif

  /* Try to flatten subqueries in the FROM clause up into the main query
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
  for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
    int isAggSub;
    if( pSub==0 ) continue;
    isAggSub = (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg, isAggSub) ){
      /* This subquery can be absorbed into its parent. */
      if( isAggSub ){
        isAgg = 1;
        p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
      }
      i = -1;
    }
    pTabList = p->pSrc;
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
    if( !IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
      sSort.pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Get a pointer the VDBE under construction, allocating a new VDBE if one
  ** does not already exist */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  /* Handle compound SELECT statements using the separate multiSelect()
  ** procedure.
  */
  if( p->pPrior ){
    rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
    explainSetInteger(pParse->iSelectId, iRestoreSelectId);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
    SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("end compound-select processing\n"));
    pParse->nSelectIndent--;
#endif
    return rc;
  }
#endif

  /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
  */
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
  for(i=0; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
    SelectDest dest;
    Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;


    if( pSub==0 ) continue;

    /* Sometimes the code for a subquery will be generated more than
    ** once, if the subquery is part of the WHERE clause in a LEFT JOIN,
    ** for example.  In that case, do not regenerate the code to manifest
    ** a view or the co-routine to implement a view.  The first instance
    ** is sufficient, though the subroutine to manifest the view does need
................................................................................
    ** may contain expression trees of at most
    ** (SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH-Parse.nHeight) height. This is a bit
    ** more conservative than necessary, but much easier than enforcing
    ** an exact limit.
    */
    pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);

    /* Make copies of constant WHERE-clause terms in the outer query down
    ** inside the subquery.  This can help the subquery to run more efficiently.
    */
    if( (pItem->jointype & JT_OUTER)==0
     && pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSub, p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor)

    ){
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
      if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
        SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After WHERE-clause push-down:\n"));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }

#endif
    }

    /* Generate code to implement the subquery
    */
    if( pTabList->nSrc==1
     && (p->selFlags & SF_All)==0
     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SubqCoroutine)
    ){
      /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
      ** set on each invocation.
      */
      int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
................................................................................
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, topAddr, retAddr);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }

    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;

    pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);



  }
#endif

  /* Various elements of the SELECT copied into local variables for
  ** convenience */
  pEList = p->pEList;

  pWhere = p->pWhere;
  pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
  pHaving = p->pHaving;
  sDistinct.isTnct = (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0;







#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED




  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After all FROM-clause analysis:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif

  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
  ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
  ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:
  **
................................................................................
  **
  ** The second form is preferred as a single index (or temp-table) may be 
  ** used for both the ORDER BY and DISTINCT processing. As originally 
  ** written the query must use a temp-table for at least one of the ORDER 
  ** BY and DISTINCT, and an index or separate temp-table for the other.
  */
  if( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct 
   && sqlite3ExprListCompare(sSort.pOrderBy, pEList, -1)==0
  ){
    p->selFlags &= ~SF_Distinct;
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);

    /* Notice that even thought SF_Distinct has been cleared from p->selFlags,
    ** the sDistinct.isTnct is still set.  Hence, isTnct represents the
    ** original setting of the SF_Distinct flag, not the current setting */
    assert( sDistinct.isTnct );
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then create an ephemeral index to
  ** do the sorting.  But this sorting ephemeral index might end up
  ** being unused if the data can be extracted in pre-sorted order.
  ** If that is the case, then the OP_OpenEphemeral instruction will be
  ** changed to an OP_Noop once we figure out that the sorting index is
  ** not needed.  The sSort.addrSortIndex variable is used to facilitate
  ** that change.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;
    pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, sSort.pOrderBy, 0, pEList->nExpr);
    sSort.iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
    sSort.addrSortIndex =
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
................................................................................
  p->nSelectRow = LARGEST_INT64;
  computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iEnd);
  if( p->iLimit==0 && sSort.addrSortIndex>=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, sSort.addrSortIndex)->opcode = OP_SorterOpen;
    sSort.sortFlags |= SORTFLAG_UseSorter;
  }

  /* Open an ephemeral index to use for the distinct set.
  */
  if( p->selFlags & SF_Distinct ){
    sDistinct.tabTnct = pParse->nTab++;
    sDistinct.addrTnct = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
                             sDistinct.tabTnct, 0, 0,
                             (char*)keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, p->pEList,0,0),
                             P4_KEYINFO);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, BTREE_UNORDERED);
    sDistinct.eTnctType = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNORDERED;
  }else{
    sDistinct.eTnctType = WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;
  }

  if( !isAgg && pGroupBy==0 ){
................................................................................
        pItem->u.x.iAlias = 0;
      }
      if( p->nSelectRow>100 ) p->nSelectRow = 100;
    }else{
      p->nSelectRow = 1;
    }


    /* If there is both a GROUP BY and an ORDER BY clause and they are
    ** identical, then it may be possible to disable the ORDER BY clause 
    ** on the grounds that the GROUP BY will cause elements to come out 
    ** in the correct order. It also may not - the GROUP BY might use a
    ** database index that causes rows to be grouped together as required
    ** but not actually sorted. Either way, record the fact that the
    ** ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses are the same by setting the orderByGrp
    ** variable.  */
    if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pGroupBy, sSort.pOrderBy, -1)==0 ){
      orderByGrp = 1;
    }
................................................................................
      ** (b0 is memory location iBMem+0, b1 is iBMem+1, and so forth)
      ** Then compare the current GROUP BY terms against the GROUP BY terms
      ** from the previous row currently stored in a0, a1, a2...
      */
      addrTopOfLoop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
      if( groupBySort ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, sAggInfo.sortingIdx,
                          sortOut, sortPTab);
      }
      for(j=0; j<pGroupBy->nExpr; j++){
        if( groupBySort ){
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, sortPTab, j, iBMem+j);
        }else{
          sAggInfo.directMode = 1;
          sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pGroupBy->a[j].pExpr, iBMem+j);
................................................................................
      */
      addrSetAbort = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, iAbortFlag);
      VdbeComment((v, "set abort flag"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrOutputRow);
      addrOutputRow = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfPos, iUseFlag, addrOutputRow+2);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
      VdbeComment((v, "Groupby result generator entry point"));
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
      finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, &sSort,
                      &sDistinct, pDest,
                      addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
................................................................................
    explainTempTable(pParse, "DISTINCT");
  }

  /* If there is an ORDER BY clause, then we need to sort the results
  ** and send them to the callback one by one.
  */
  if( sSort.pOrderBy ){
    explainTempTable(pParse,
                     sSort.nOBSat>0 ? "RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY":"ORDER BY");
    generateSortTail(pParse, p, &sSort, pEList->nExpr, pDest);
  }

  /* Jump here to skip this query
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iEnd);

................................................................................
  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("end processing\n"));
  pParse->nSelectIndent--;
#endif
  return rc;
}

Changes to src/sqlite.h.in. 

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**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
**
* <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]








|








952
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**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
**
** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]

Changes to src/sqliteInt.h. 

1505
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....
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....
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3349
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** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  
**
** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
**
** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the NONE type is first.
*/
#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     'A'
#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'

#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)

................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
    u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
#endif
    int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
    Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
    Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
    char *zIndex;     /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
    Index *pIndex;    /* Index structure corresponding to zIndex, if any */
  } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
................................................................................
  void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
  void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  TreeView *sqlite3TreeViewPush(TreeView*,u8);
  void sqlite3TreeViewPop(TreeView*);
  void sqlite3TreeViewLine(TreeView*, const char*, ...);
  void sqlite3TreeViewItem(TreeView*, const char*, u8);
  void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
  void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
  void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
#endif


void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
................................................................................
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, u8);
#define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);

Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);








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|







 







<
<
<
<







 







>








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3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348

** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  
**
** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
**
** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the BLOB type is first.
*/
#define SQLITE_AFF_BLOB     'A'
#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'

#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)

................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
    u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
#endif
    int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
    Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
    Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
    char *zIndexedBy; /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
    Index *pIndex;    /* Index structure corresponding to zIndex, if any */
  } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
................................................................................
  void sqlite3DebugPrintf(const char*, ...);
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
  void *sqlite3TestTextToPtr(const char*);
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)




  void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView*, const Expr*, u8);
  void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(TreeView*, const ExprList*, u8, const char*);
  void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView*, const Select*, u8);
#endif


void sqlite3SetString(char **, sqlite3*, const char*);
................................................................................
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, u8);
#define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTable(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteIndex(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*);

Added src/treeview.c. 





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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/*
** 2015-06-08
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains C code to implement the TreeView debugging routines.
** These routines print a parse tree to standard output for debugging and
** analysis. 
**
** The interfaces in this file is only available when compiling
** with SQLITE_DEBUG.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

/*
** Add a new subitem to the tree.  The moreToFollow flag indicates that this
** is not the last item in the tree.
*/
static TreeView *sqlite3TreeViewPush(TreeView *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  if( p==0 ){
    p = sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*p) );
    if( p==0 ) return 0;
    memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
  }else{
    p->iLevel++;
  }
  assert( moreToFollow==0 || moreToFollow==1 );
  if( p->iLevel<sizeof(p->bLine) ) p->bLine[p->iLevel] = moreToFollow;
  return p;
}

/*
** Finished with one layer of the tree
*/
static void sqlite3TreeViewPop(TreeView *p){
  if( p==0 ) return;
  p->iLevel--;
  if( p->iLevel<0 ) sqlite3_free(p);
}

/*
** Generate a single line of output for the tree, with a prefix that contains
** all the appropriate tree lines
*/
static void sqlite3TreeViewLine(TreeView *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  int i;
  StrAccum acc;
  char zBuf[500];
  sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), 0);
  if( p ){
    for(i=0; i<p->iLevel && i<sizeof(p->bLine)-1; i++){
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&acc, p->bLine[i] ? "|   " : "    ", 4);
    }
    sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&acc, p->bLine[i] ? "|-- " : "'-- ", 4);
  }
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, 0, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( zBuf[acc.nChar-1]!='\n' ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&acc, "\n", 1);
  sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
  fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
  fflush(stdout);
}

/*
** Shorthand for starting a new tree item that consists of a single label
*/
static void sqlite3TreeViewItem(TreeView *p, const char *zLabel,u8 moreFollows){
  p = sqlite3TreeViewPush(p, moreFollows);
  sqlite3TreeViewLine(p, "%s", zLabel);
}


/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s (0x%p) selFlags=0x%x",
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""), p, p->selFlags
  );
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
  if( p->pWhere ) n++;
  if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
  if( p->pHaving ) n++;
  if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
  if( p->pLimit ) n++;
  if( p->pOffset ) n++;
  if( p->pPrior ) n++;
  sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
    int i;
    pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FROM");
    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
      StrAccum x;
      char zLine[100];
      sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, "{%d,*}", pItem->iCursor);
      if( pItem->zDatabase ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
      }else if( pItem->zName ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s", pItem->zName);
      }
      if( pItem->pTab ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " tabname=%Q", pItem->pTab->zName);
      }
      if( pItem->zAlias ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
      }
      if( pItem->jointype & JT_LEFT ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " LEFT-JOIN");
      }
      sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1); 
      if( pItem->pSelect ){
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pWhere ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "WHERE", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pWhere, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pGroupBy ){
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pGroupBy, (n--)>0, "GROUPBY");
  }
  if( p->pHaving ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "HAVING", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pHaving, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pOrderBy ){
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pOrderBy, (n--)>0, "ORDERBY");
  }
  if( p->pLimit ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pOffset ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pPrior ){
    const char *zOp = "UNION";
    switch( p->op ){
      case TK_ALL:         zOp = "UNION ALL";  break;
      case TK_INTERSECT:   zOp = "INTERSECT";  break;
      case TK_EXCEPT:      zOp = "EXCEPT";     break;
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zOp, (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, p->pPrior, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 moreToFollow){
  const char *zBinOp = 0;   /* Binary operator */
  const char *zUniOp = 0;   /* Unary operator */
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( pExpr==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "nil");
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    return;
  }
  switch( pExpr->op ){
    case TK_AGG_COLUMN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG{%d:%d}",
            pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_COLUMN: {
      if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
        /* This only happens when coding check constraints */
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLUMN(%d)", pExpr->iColumn);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "{%d:%d}",
                             pExpr->iTable, pExpr->iColumn);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TK_INTEGER: {
      if( pExpr->flags & EP_IntValue ){
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%d", pExpr->u.iValue);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    case TK_FLOAT: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_STRING: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
    case TK_NULL: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"NULL");
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
    case TK_BLOB: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"%s", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    case TK_VARIABLE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"VARIABLE(%s,%d)",
                          pExpr->u.zToken, pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_REGISTER: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"REGISTER(%d)", pExpr->iTable);
      break;
    }
    case TK_AS: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"AS %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_ID: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"ID \"%w\"", pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
    case TK_CAST: {
      /* Expressions of the form:   CAST(pLeft AS token) */
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView,"CAST %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CAST */
    case TK_LT:      zBinOp = "LT";     break;
    case TK_LE:      zBinOp = "LE";     break;
    case TK_GT:      zBinOp = "GT";     break;
    case TK_GE:      zBinOp = "GE";     break;
    case TK_NE:      zBinOp = "NE";     break;
    case TK_EQ:      zBinOp = "EQ";     break;
    case TK_IS:      zBinOp = "IS";     break;
    case TK_ISNOT:   zBinOp = "ISNOT";  break;
    case TK_AND:     zBinOp = "AND";    break;
    case TK_OR:      zBinOp = "OR";     break;
    case TK_PLUS:    zBinOp = "ADD";    break;
    case TK_STAR:    zBinOp = "MUL";    break;
    case TK_MINUS:   zBinOp = "SUB";    break;
    case TK_REM:     zBinOp = "REM";    break;
    case TK_BITAND:  zBinOp = "BITAND"; break;
    case TK_BITOR:   zBinOp = "BITOR";  break;
    case TK_SLASH:   zBinOp = "DIV";    break;
    case TK_LSHIFT:  zBinOp = "LSHIFT"; break;
    case TK_RSHIFT:  zBinOp = "RSHIFT"; break;
    case TK_CONCAT:  zBinOp = "CONCAT"; break;
    case TK_DOT:     zBinOp = "DOT";    break;

    case TK_UMINUS:  zUniOp = "UMINUS"; break;
    case TK_UPLUS:   zUniOp = "UPLUS";  break;
    case TK_BITNOT:  zUniOp = "BITNOT"; break;
    case TK_NOT:     zUniOp = "NOT";    break;
    case TK_ISNULL:  zUniOp = "ISNULL"; break;
    case TK_NOTNULL: zUniOp = "NOTNULL"; break;

    case TK_COLLATE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "COLLATE %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
      break;
    }

    case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
    case TK_FUNCTION: {
      ExprList *pFarg;       /* List of function arguments */
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) ){
        pFarg = 0;
      }else{
        pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;
      }
      if( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION ){
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AGG_FUNCTION%d %Q",
                             pExpr->op2, pExpr->u.zToken);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FUNCTION %Q", pExpr->u.zToken);
      }
      if( pFarg ){
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pFarg, 0, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    case TK_EXISTS: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr");
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_SELECT: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr");
      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_IN: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
      }else{
        sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    /*
    **    x BETWEEN y AND z
    **
    ** This is equivalent to
    **
    **    x>=y AND x<=z
    **
    ** X is stored in pExpr->pLeft.
    ** Y is stored in pExpr->pList->a[0].pExpr.
    ** Z is stored in pExpr->pList->a[1].pExpr.
    */
    case TK_BETWEEN: {
      Expr *pX = pExpr->pLeft;
      Expr *pY = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
      Expr *pZ = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "BETWEEN");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pX, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pY, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pZ, 0);
      break;
    }
    case TK_TRIGGER: {
      /* If the opcode is TK_TRIGGER, then the expression is a reference
      ** to a column in the new.* or old.* pseudo-tables available to
      ** trigger programs. In this case Expr.iTable is set to 1 for the
      ** new.* pseudo-table, or 0 for the old.* pseudo-table. Expr.iColumn
      ** is set to the column of the pseudo-table to read, or to -1 to
      ** read the rowid field.
      */
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s(%d)", 
          pExpr->iTable ? "NEW" : "OLD", pExpr->iColumn);
      break;
    }
    case TK_CASE: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "CASE");
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pExpr->x.pList, 0, 0);
      break;
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
    case TK_RAISE: {
      const char *zType = "unk";
      switch( pExpr->affinity ){
        case OE_Rollback:   zType = "rollback";  break;
        case OE_Abort:      zType = "abort";     break;
        case OE_Fail:       zType = "fail";      break;
        case OE_Ignore:     zType = "ignore";    break;
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "RAISE %s(%Q)", zType, pExpr->u.zToken);
      break;
    }
#endif
    default: {
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "op=%d", pExpr->op);
      break;
    }
  }
  if( zBinOp ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zBinOp);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pRight, 0);
  }else if( zUniOp ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zUniOp);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 0);
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression list.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExprList(
  TreeView *pView,
  const ExprList *pList,
  u8 moreToFollow,
  const char *zLabel
){
  int i;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( zLabel==0 || zLabel[0]==0 ) zLabel = "LIST";
  if( pList==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s (empty)", zLabel);
  }else{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);
    }
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

Changes to src/vdbe.c. 

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**    is not possible.  Note that the integer representation is
**    always preferred, even if the affinity is REAL, because
**    an integer representation is more space efficient on disk.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
**    Convert pRec to a text representation.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_NONE:
**    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
*/
static void applyAffinity(
  Mem *pRec,          /* The value to apply affinity to */
  char affinity,      /* The affinity to be applied */
  u8 enc              /* Use this text encoding */
){
................................................................................
** <li value="100"> INTEGER
** <li value="101"> REAL
** </ul>
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
  assert( pOp->p2>=SQLITE_AFF_NONE && pOp->p2<=SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeMemCast(pIn1, pOp->p2, encoding);
................................................................................
** P4 may be a string that is P2 characters long.  The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** field of the index key.
**
** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
**
** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity NONE.
*/
case OP_MakeRecord: {
  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
  Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
  u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
  int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
  i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */








|







 







|

|







 







|








276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
....
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
....
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613

**    is not possible.  Note that the integer representation is
**    always preferred, even if the affinity is REAL, because
**    an integer representation is more space efficient on disk.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_TEXT:
**    Convert pRec to a text representation.
**
** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB:
**    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
*/
static void applyAffinity(
  Mem *pRec,          /* The value to apply affinity to */
  char affinity,      /* The affinity to be applied */
  u8 enc              /* Use this text encoding */
){
................................................................................
** <li value="100"> INTEGER
** <li value="101"> REAL
** </ul>
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
  assert( pOp->p2>=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB && pOp->p2<=SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn1);
  sqlite3VdbeMemCast(pIn1, pOp->p2, encoding);
................................................................................
** P4 may be a string that is P2 characters long.  The nth character of the
** string indicates the column affinity that should be used for the nth
** field of the index key.
**
** The mapping from character to affinity is given by the SQLITE_AFF_
** macros defined in sqliteInt.h.
**
** If P4 is NULL then all index fields have the affinity BLOB.
*/
case OP_MakeRecord: {
  u8 *zNewRecord;        /* A buffer to hold the data for the new record */
  Mem *pRec;             /* The new record */
  u64 nData;             /* Number of bytes of data space */
  int nHdr;              /* Number of bytes of header space */
  i64 nByte;             /* Data space required for this record */

Changes to src/vdbemem.c. 

584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
....
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317

** is forced.  In other words, the value is converted into the desired
** affinity even if that results in loss of data.  This routine is
** used (for example) to implement the SQL "cast()" operator.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem *pMem, u8 aff, u8 encoding){
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return;
  switch( aff ){
    case SQLITE_AFF_NONE: {   /* Really a cast to BLOB */
      if( (pMem->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
        sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pMem, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Str || pMem->db->mallocFailed );
        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Blob);
      }else{
        pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_TypeMask&~MEM_Blob);
      }
................................................................................
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pVal, (i64)pExpr->u.iValue*negInt);
    }else{
      zVal = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s%s", zNeg, pExpr->u.zToken);
      if( zVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
      sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zVal, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
    }
    if( (op==TK_INTEGER || op==TK_FLOAT ) && affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }else{
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }
    if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ) pVal->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
    if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc);








|







 







|








584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
....
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317

** is forced.  In other words, the value is converted into the desired
** affinity even if that results in loss of data.  This routine is
** used (for example) to implement the SQL "cast()" operator.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem *pMem, u8 aff, u8 encoding){
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ) return;
  switch( aff ){
    case SQLITE_AFF_BLOB: {   /* Really a cast to BLOB */
      if( (pMem->flags & MEM_Blob)==0 ){
        sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pMem, SQLITE_AFF_TEXT, encoding);
        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Str || pMem->db->mallocFailed );
        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Blob);
      }else{
        pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_TypeMask&~MEM_Blob);
      }
................................................................................
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pVal, (i64)pExpr->u.iValue*negInt);
    }else{
      zVal = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s%s", zNeg, pExpr->u.zToken);
      if( zVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
      sqlite3ValueSetStr(pVal, -1, zVal, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_DYNAMIC);
    }
    if( (op==TK_INTEGER || op==TK_FLOAT ) && affinity==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }else{
      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, SQLITE_UTF8);
    }
    if( pVal->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ) pVal->flags &= ~MEM_Str;
    if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
      rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVal, enc);

Changes to src/where.c. 

14
15
16
17
18
19
20









21
22
23
24
25
26
27
...
123
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125
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...
295
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423
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425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
...
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
...
607
608
609
610
611
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619
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961
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971
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1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
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1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
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1033
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1038
1039
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1100
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1102
1103
1104
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1111
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1113
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1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
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1137
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1177
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1190
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1199
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1234
1235
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1371
1372
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1471
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1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
....
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
....
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
....
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
....
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
....
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039

2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
....
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
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2762
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2769
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....
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....
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....
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....
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....
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....
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** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "whereInt.h"










/*
** Return the estimated number of output rows from a WHERE clause
*/
u64 sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
  return sqlite3LogEstToInt(pWInfo->nRowOut);
}
................................................................................
whereOrInsert_done:
  p->prereq = prereq;
  p->rRun = rRun;
  if( p->nOut>nOut ) p->nOut = nOut;
  return 1;
}

/*
** Initialize a preallocated WhereClause structure.
*/
static void whereClauseInit(
  WhereClause *pWC,        /* The WhereClause to be initialized */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo        /* The WHERE processing context */
){
  pWC->pWInfo = pWInfo;
  pWC->pOuter = 0;
  pWC->nTerm = 0;
  pWC->nSlot = ArraySize(pWC->aStatic);
  pWC->a = pWC->aStatic;
}

/* Forward reference */
static void whereClauseClear(WhereClause*);

/*
** Deallocate all memory associated with a WhereOrInfo object.
*/
static void whereOrInfoDelete(sqlite3 *db, WhereOrInfo *p){
  whereClauseClear(&p->wc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Deallocate all memory associated with a WhereAndInfo object.
*/
static void whereAndInfoDelete(sqlite3 *db, WhereAndInfo *p){
  whereClauseClear(&p->wc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Deallocate a WhereClause structure.  The WhereClause structure
** itself is not freed.  This routine is the inverse of whereClauseInit().
*/
static void whereClauseClear(WhereClause *pWC){
  int i;
  WhereTerm *a;
  sqlite3 *db = pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db;
  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1, a=pWC->a; i>=0; i--, a++){
    if( a->wtFlags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, a->pExpr);
    }
    if( a->wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO ){
      whereOrInfoDelete(db, a->u.pOrInfo);
    }else if( a->wtFlags & TERM_ANDINFO ){
      whereAndInfoDelete(db, a->u.pAndInfo);
    }
  }
  if( pWC->a!=pWC->aStatic ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWC->a);
  }
}

/*
** Add a single new WhereTerm entry to the WhereClause object pWC.
** The new WhereTerm object is constructed from Expr p and with wtFlags.
** The index in pWC->a[] of the new WhereTerm is returned on success.
** 0 is returned if the new WhereTerm could not be added due to a memory
** allocation error.  The memory allocation failure will be recorded in
** the db->mallocFailed flag so that higher-level functions can detect it.
**
** This routine will increase the size of the pWC->a[] array as necessary.
**
** If the wtFlags argument includes TERM_DYNAMIC, then responsibility
** for freeing the expression p is assumed by the WhereClause object pWC.
** This is true even if this routine fails to allocate a new WhereTerm.
**
** WARNING:  This routine might reallocate the space used to store
** WhereTerms.  All pointers to WhereTerms should be invalidated after
** calling this routine.  Such pointers may be reinitialized by referencing
** the pWC->a[] array.
*/
static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, u16 wtFlags){
  WhereTerm *pTerm;
  int idx;
  testcase( wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
  if( pWC->nTerm>=pWC->nSlot ){
    WhereTerm *pOld = pWC->a;
    sqlite3 *db = pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db;
    pWC->a = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nSlot*2 );
    if( pWC->a==0 ){
      if( wtFlags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p);
      }
      pWC->a = pOld;
      return 0;
    }
    memcpy(pWC->a, pOld, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nTerm);
    if( pOld!=pWC->aStatic ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOld);
    }
    pWC->nSlot = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pWC->a)/sizeof(pWC->a[0]);
    memset(&pWC->a[pWC->nTerm], 0, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*(pWC->nSlot-pWC->nTerm));
  }
  pTerm = &pWC->a[idx = pWC->nTerm++];
  if( p && ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Unlikely) ){
    pTerm->truthProb = sqlite3LogEst(p->iTable) - 270;
  }else{
    pTerm->truthProb = 1;
  }
  pTerm->pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(p);
  pTerm->wtFlags = wtFlags;
  pTerm->pWC = pWC;
  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  return idx;
}

/*
** This routine identifies subexpressions in the WHERE clause where
** each subexpression is separated by the AND operator or some other
** operator specified in the op parameter.  The WhereClause structure
** is filled with pointers to subexpressions.  For example:
**
**    WHERE  a=='hello' AND coalesce(b,11)<10 AND (c+12!=d OR c==22)
**           \________/     \_______________/     \________________/
**            slot[0]            slot[1]               slot[2]
**
** The original WHERE clause in pExpr is unaltered.  All this routine
** does is make slot[] entries point to substructure within pExpr.
**
** In the previous sentence and in the diagram, "slot[]" refers to
** the WhereClause.a[] array.  The slot[] array grows as needed to contain
** all terms of the WHERE clause.
*/
static void whereSplit(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pExpr, u8 op){
  Expr *pE2 = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
  pWC->op = op;
  if( pE2==0 ) return;
  if( pE2->op!=op ){
    whereClauseInsert(pWC, pExpr, 0);
  }else{
    whereSplit(pWC, pE2->pLeft, op);
    whereSplit(pWC, pE2->pRight, op);
  }
}

/*
** Initialize a WhereMaskSet object
*/
#define initMaskSet(P)  (P)->n=0

/*
** Return the bitmask for the given cursor number.  Return 0 if
** iCursor is not in the set.
*/
static Bitmask getMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
  int i;
  assert( pMaskSet->n<=(int)sizeof(Bitmask)*8 );
  for(i=0; i<pMaskSet->n; i++){
    if( pMaskSet->ix[i]==iCursor ){
      return MASKBIT(i);
    }
  }
................................................................................
** array will never overflow.
*/
static void createMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
  assert( pMaskSet->n < ArraySize(pMaskSet->ix) );
  pMaskSet->ix[pMaskSet->n++] = iCursor;
}

/*
** These routines walk (recursively) an expression tree and generate
** a bitmask indicating which tables are used in that expression
** tree.
*/
static Bitmask exprListTableUsage(WhereMaskSet*, ExprList*);
static Bitmask exprSelectTableUsage(WhereMaskSet*, Select*);
static Bitmask exprTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Expr *p){
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  if( p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    mask = getMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable);
    return mask;
  }
  mask = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
  mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    mask |= exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
  }else{
    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
  }
  return mask;
}
static Bitmask exprListTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, ExprList *pList){
  int i;
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  if( pList ){
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pList->a[i].pExpr);
    }
  }
  return mask;
}
static Bitmask exprSelectTableUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Select *pS){
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  while( pS ){
    SrcList *pSrc = pS->pSrc;
    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pEList);
    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pGroupBy);
    mask |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pOrderBy);
    mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pWhere);
    mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pHaving);
    if( ALWAYS(pSrc!=0) ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
        mask |= exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, pSrc->a[i].pSelect);
        mask |= exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pSrc->a[i].pOn);
      }
    }
    pS = pS->pPrior;
  }
  return mask;
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the given operator is one of the operators that is
** allowed for an indexable WHERE clause term.  The allowed operators are
** "=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=", "IN", and "IS NULL"
*/
static int allowedOp(int op){
  assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ && TK_GT<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_LT>TK_EQ && TK_LT<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_LE>TK_EQ && TK_LE<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_GE==TK_EQ+4 );
  return op==TK_IN || (op>=TK_EQ && op<=TK_GE) || op==TK_ISNULL || op==TK_IS;
}

/*
** Commute a comparison operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
** are converted into "Y op X".
**
** If left/right precedence rules come into play when determining the
** collating sequence, then COLLATE operators are adjusted to ensure
** that the collating sequence does not change.  For example:
** "Y collate NOCASE op X" becomes "X op Y" because any collation sequence on
** the left hand side of a comparison overrides any collation sequence 
** attached to the right. For the same reason the EP_Collate flag
** is not commuted.
*/
static void exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  u16 expRight = (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_Collate);
  u16 expLeft = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate);
  assert( allowedOp(pExpr->op) && pExpr->op!=TK_IN );
  if( expRight==expLeft ){
    /* Either X and Y both have COLLATE operator or neither do */
    if( expRight ){
      /* Both X and Y have COLLATE operators.  Make sure X is always
      ** used by clearing the EP_Collate flag from Y. */
      pExpr->pRight->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
    }else if( sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
      /* Neither X nor Y have COLLATE operators, but X has a non-default
      ** collating sequence.  So add the EP_Collate marker on X to cause
      ** it to be searched first. */
      pExpr->pLeft->flags |= EP_Collate;
    }
  }
  SWAP(Expr*,pExpr->pRight,pExpr->pLeft);
  if( pExpr->op>=TK_GT ){
    assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );
    assert( TK_GE==TK_LE+2 );
    assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ );
    assert( TK_GT<TK_LE );
    assert( pExpr->op>=TK_GT && pExpr->op<=TK_GE );
    pExpr->op = ((pExpr->op-TK_GT)^2)+TK_GT;
  }
}

/*
** Translate from TK_xx operator to WO_xx bitmask.
*/
static u16 operatorMask(int op){
  u16 c;
  assert( allowedOp(op) );
  if( op==TK_IN ){
    c = WO_IN;
  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
    c = WO_ISNULL;
  }else if( op==TK_IS ){
    c = WO_IS;
  }else{
    assert( (WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ)) < 0x7fff );
    c = (u16)(WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ));
  }
  assert( op!=TK_ISNULL || c==WO_ISNULL );
  assert( op!=TK_IN || c==WO_IN );
  assert( op!=TK_EQ || c==WO_EQ );
  assert( op!=TK_LT || c==WO_LT );
  assert( op!=TK_LE || c==WO_LE );
  assert( op!=TK_GT || c==WO_GT );
  assert( op!=TK_GE || c==WO_GE );
  assert( op!=TK_IS || c==WO_IS );
  return c;
}

/*
** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
** Return NULL if there are no more matching WhereTerms.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
  int iCur;            /* The cursor on the LHS of the term */
................................................................................
** If there are multiple terms in the WHERE clause of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** then try for the one with no dependencies on <expr> - in other words where
** <expr> is a constant expression of some kind.  Only return entries of
** the form "X <op> Y" where Y is a column in another table if no terms of
** the form "X <op> <const-expr>" exist.   If no terms with a constant RHS
** exist, try to return a term that does not use WO_EQUIV.
*/
static WhereTerm *findTerm(
  WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
  int iCur,             /* Cursor number of LHS */
  int iColumn,          /* Column number of LHS */
  Bitmask notReady,     /* RHS must not overlap with this mask */
  u32 op,               /* Mask of WO_xx values describing operator */
  Index *pIdx           /* Must be compatible with this index, if not NULL */
){
................................................................................
      if( pResult==0 ) pResult = p;
    }
    p = whereScanNext(&scan);
  }
  return pResult;
}

/* Forward reference */
static void exprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*, int);

/*
** Call exprAnalyze on all terms in a WHERE clause.  
*/
static void exprAnalyzeAll(
  SrcList *pTabList,       /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC         /* the WHERE clause to be analyzed */
){
  int i;
  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--){
    exprAnalyze(pTabList, pWC, i);
  }
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
/*
** Check to see if the given expression is a LIKE or GLOB operator that
** can be optimized using inequality constraints.  Return TRUE if it is
** so and false if not.
**
** In order for the operator to be optimizible, the RHS must be a string
** literal that does not begin with a wildcard.  The LHS must be a column
** that may only be NULL, a string, or a BLOB, never a number. (This means
** that virtual tables cannot participate in the LIKE optimization.)  The
** collating sequence for the column on the LHS must be appropriate for
** the operator.
*/
static int isLikeOrGlob(
  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Expr *pExpr,      /* Test this expression */
  Expr **ppPrefix,  /* Pointer to TK_STRING expression with pattern prefix */
  int *pisComplete, /* True if the only wildcard is % in the last character */
  int *pnoCase      /* True if uppercase is equivalent to lowercase */
){
  const char *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
  Expr *pRight, *pLeft;      /* Right and left size of LIKE operator */
  ExprList *pList;           /* List of operands to the LIKE operator */
  int c;                     /* One character in z[] */
  int cnt;                   /* Number of non-wildcard prefix characters */
  char wc[3];                /* Wildcard characters */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection */
  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
  int op;                    /* Opcode of pRight */

  if( !sqlite3IsLikeFunction(db, pExpr, pnoCase, wc) ){
    return 0;
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
  if( *pnoCase ) return 0;
#endif
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  pLeft = pList->a[1].pExpr;
  if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN 
   || sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft)!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT 
   || IsVirtual(pLeft->pTab)  /* Value might be numeric */
  ){
    /* IMP: R-02065-49465 The left-hand side of the LIKE or GLOB operator must
    ** be the name of an indexed column with TEXT affinity. */
    return 0;
  }
  assert( pLeft->iColumn!=(-1) ); /* Because IPK never has AFF_TEXT */

  pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[0].pExpr);
  op = pRight->op;
  if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
    Vdbe *pReprepare = pParse->pReprepare;
    int iCol = pRight->iColumn;
    pVal = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pReprepare, iCol, SQLITE_AFF_NONE);
    if( pVal && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
      z = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iCol);
    assert( pRight->op==TK_VARIABLE || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
  }else if( op==TK_STRING ){
    z = pRight->u.zToken;
  }
  if( z ){
    cnt = 0;
    while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
      cnt++;
    }
    if( cnt!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
      Expr *pPrefix;
      *pisComplete = c==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, z);
      if( pPrefix ) pPrefix->u.zToken[cnt] = 0;
      *ppPrefix = pPrefix;
      if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
        Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
        sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(v, pRight->iColumn);
        if( *pisComplete && pRight->u.zToken[1] ){
          /* If the rhs of the LIKE expression is a variable, and the current
          ** value of the variable means there is no need to invoke the LIKE
          ** function, then no OP_Variable will be added to the program.
          ** This causes problems for the sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()
          ** API. To work around them, add a dummy OP_Variable here.
          */ 
          int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
          sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, r1);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1, 0);
          sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
        }
      }
    }else{
      z = 0;
    }
  }

  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
  return (z!=0);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/*
** Check to see if the given expression is of the form
**
**         column MATCH expr
**
** If it is then return TRUE.  If not, return FALSE.
*/
static int isMatchOfColumn(
  Expr *pExpr      /* Test this expression */
){
  ExprList *pList;

  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"match")!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  if( pList->nExpr!=2 ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( pList->a[1].pExpr->op != TK_COLUMN ){
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/*
** If the pBase expression originated in the ON or USING clause of
** a join, then transfer the appropriate markings over to derived.
*/
static void transferJoinMarkings(Expr *pDerived, Expr *pBase){
  if( pDerived ){
    pDerived->flags |= pBase->flags & EP_FromJoin;
    pDerived->iRightJoinTable = pBase->iRightJoinTable;
  }
}

/*
** Mark term iChild as being a child of term iParent
*/
static void markTermAsChild(WhereClause *pWC, int iChild, int iParent){
  pWC->a[iChild].iParent = iParent;
  pWC->a[iChild].truthProb = pWC->a[iParent].truthProb;
  pWC->a[iParent].nChild++;
}

/*
** Return the N-th AND-connected subterm of pTerm.  Or if pTerm is not
** a conjunction, then return just pTerm when N==0.  If N is exceeds
** the number of available subterms, return NULL.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereNthSubterm(WhereTerm *pTerm, int N){
  if( pTerm->eOperator!=WO_AND ){
    return N==0 ? pTerm : 0;
  }
  if( N<pTerm->u.pAndInfo->wc.nTerm ){
    return &pTerm->u.pAndInfo->wc.a[N];
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Subterms pOne and pTwo are contained within WHERE clause pWC.  The
** two subterms are in disjunction - they are OR-ed together.
**
** If these two terms are both of the form:  "A op B" with the same
** A and B values but different operators and if the operators are
** compatible (if one is = and the other is <, for example) then
** add a new virtual AND term to pWC that is the combination of the
** two.
**
** Some examples:
**
**    x<y OR x=y    -->     x<=y
**    x=y OR x=y    -->     x=y
**    x<=y OR x<y   -->     x<=y
**
** The following is NOT generated:
**
**    x<y OR x>y    -->     x!=y     
*/
static void whereCombineDisjuncts(
  SrcList *pSrc,         /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,      /* The complete WHERE clause */
  WhereTerm *pOne,       /* First disjunct */
  WhereTerm *pTwo        /* Second disjunct */
){
  u16 eOp = pOne->eOperator | pTwo->eOperator;
  sqlite3 *db;           /* Database connection (for malloc) */
  Expr *pNew;            /* New virtual expression */
  int op;                /* Operator for the combined expression */
  int idxNew;            /* Index in pWC of the next virtual term */

  if( (pOne->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE))==0 ) return;
  if( (pTwo->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE))==0 ) return;
  if( (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE))!=eOp
   && (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_GT|WO_GE))!=eOp ) return;
  assert( pOne->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pOne->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
  assert( pTwo->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pTwo->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pLeft, pTwo->pExpr->pLeft, -1) ) return;
  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pRight, pTwo->pExpr->pRight, -1) )return;
  /* If we reach this point, it means the two subterms can be combined */
  if( (eOp & (eOp-1))!=0 ){
    if( eOp & (WO_LT|WO_LE) ){
      eOp = WO_LE;
    }else{
      assert( eOp & (WO_GT|WO_GE) );
      eOp = WO_GE;
    }
  }
  db = pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db;
  pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOne->pExpr, 0);
  if( pNew==0 ) return;
  for(op=TK_EQ; eOp!=(WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ)); op++){ assert( op<TK_GE ); }
  pNew->op = op;
  idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
  exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
}

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
/*
** Analyze a term that consists of two or more OR-connected
** subterms.  So in:
**
**     ... WHERE  (a=5) AND (b=7 OR c=9 OR d=13) AND (d=13)
**                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
**
** This routine analyzes terms such as the middle term in the above example.
** A WhereOrTerm object is computed and attached to the term under
** analysis, regardless of the outcome of the analysis.  Hence:
**
**     WhereTerm.wtFlags   |=  TERM_ORINFO
**     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo  =  a dynamically allocated WhereOrTerm object
**
** The term being analyzed must have two or more of OR-connected subterms.
** A single subterm might be a set of AND-connected sub-subterms.
** Examples of terms under analysis:
**
**     (A)     t1.x=t2.y OR t1.x=t2.z OR t1.y=15 OR t1.z=t3.a+5
**     (B)     x=expr1 OR expr2=x OR x=expr3
**     (C)     t1.x=t2.y OR (t1.x=t2.z AND t1.y=15)
**     (D)     x=expr1 OR (y>11 AND y<22 AND z LIKE '*hello*')
**     (E)     (p.a=1 AND q.b=2 AND r.c=3) OR (p.x=4 AND q.y=5 AND r.z=6)
**     (F)     x>A OR (x=A AND y>=B)
**
** CASE 1:
**
** If all subterms are of the form T.C=expr for some single column of C and
** a single table T (as shown in example B above) then create a new virtual
** term that is an equivalent IN expression.  In other words, if the term
** being analyzed is:
**
**      x = expr1  OR  expr2 = x  OR  x = expr3
**
** then create a new virtual term like this:
**
**      x IN (expr1,expr2,expr3)
**
** CASE 2:
**
** If there are exactly two disjuncts one side has x>A and the other side
** has x=A (for the same x and A) then add a new virtual conjunct term to the
** WHERE clause of the form "x>=A".  Example:
**
**      x>A OR (x=A AND y>B)    adds:    x>=A
**
** The added conjunct can sometimes be helpful in query planning.
**
** CASE 3:
**
** If all subterms are indexable by a single table T, then set
**
**     WhereTerm.eOperator              =  WO_OR
**     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo->indexable  |=  the cursor number for table T
**
** A subterm is "indexable" if it is of the form
** "T.C <op> <expr>" where C is any column of table T and 
** <op> is one of "=", "<", "<=", ">", ">=", "IS NULL", or "IN".
** A subterm is also indexable if it is an AND of two or more
** subsubterms at least one of which is indexable.  Indexable AND 
** subterms have their eOperator set to WO_AND and they have
** u.pAndInfo set to a dynamically allocated WhereAndTerm object.
**
** From another point of view, "indexable" means that the subterm could
** potentially be used with an index if an appropriate index exists.
** This analysis does not consider whether or not the index exists; that
** is decided elsewhere.  This analysis only looks at whether subterms
** appropriate for indexing exist.
**
** All examples A through E above satisfy case 2.  But if a term
** also satisfies case 1 (such as B) we know that the optimizer will
** always prefer case 1, so in that case we pretend that case 2 is not
** satisfied.
**
** It might be the case that multiple tables are indexable.  For example,
** (E) above is indexable on tables P, Q, and R.
**
** Terms that satisfy case 2 are candidates for lookup by using
** separate indices to find rowids for each subterm and composing
** the union of all rowids using a RowSet object.  This is similar
** to "bitmap indices" in other database engines.
**
** OTHERWISE:
**
** If neither case 1 nor case 2 apply, then leave the eOperator set to
** zero.  This term is not useful for search.
*/
static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,         /* the complete WHERE clause */
  int idxTerm               /* Index of the OR-term to be analyzed */
){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo;        /* WHERE clause processing context */
  Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;         /* Parser context */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;               /* Database connection */
  WhereTerm *pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];    /* The term to be analyzed */
  Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;             /* The expression of the term */
  int i;                                  /* Loop counters */
  WhereClause *pOrWc;       /* Breakup of pTerm into subterms */
  WhereTerm *pOrTerm;       /* A Sub-term within the pOrWc */
  WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;     /* Additional information associated with pTerm */
  Bitmask chngToIN;         /* Tables that might satisfy case 1 */
  Bitmask indexable;        /* Tables that are indexable, satisfying case 2 */

  /*
  ** Break the OR clause into its separate subterms.  The subterms are
  ** stored in a WhereClause structure containing within the WhereOrInfo
  ** object that is attached to the original OR clause term.
  */
  assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_DYNAMIC|TERM_ORINFO|TERM_ANDINFO))==0 );
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_OR );
  pTerm->u.pOrInfo = pOrInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pOrInfo));
  if( pOrInfo==0 ) return;
  pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ORINFO;
  pOrWc = &pOrInfo->wc;
  whereClauseInit(pOrWc, pWInfo);
  whereSplit(pOrWc, pExpr, TK_OR);
  exprAnalyzeAll(pSrc, pOrWc);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
  assert( pOrWc->nTerm>=2 );

  /*
  ** Compute the set of tables that might satisfy cases 1 or 2.
  */
  indexable = ~(Bitmask)0;
  chngToIN = ~(Bitmask)0;
  for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0 && indexable; i--, pOrTerm++){
    if( (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_SINGLE)==0 ){
      WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo;
      assert( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_ANDINFO|TERM_ORINFO))==0 );
      chngToIN = 0;
      pAndInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pAndInfo));
      if( pAndInfo ){
        WhereClause *pAndWC;
        WhereTerm *pAndTerm;
        int j;
        Bitmask b = 0;
        pOrTerm->u.pAndInfo = pAndInfo;
        pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ANDINFO;
        pOrTerm->eOperator = WO_AND;
        pAndWC = &pAndInfo->wc;
        whereClauseInit(pAndWC, pWC->pWInfo);
        whereSplit(pAndWC, pOrTerm->pExpr, TK_AND);
        exprAnalyzeAll(pSrc, pAndWC);
        pAndWC->pOuter = pWC;
        testcase( db->mallocFailed );
        if( !db->mallocFailed ){
          for(j=0, pAndTerm=pAndWC->a; j<pAndWC->nTerm; j++, pAndTerm++){
            assert( pAndTerm->pExpr );
            if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op) ){
              b |= getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pAndTerm->leftCursor);
            }
          }
        }
        indexable &= b;
      }
    }else if( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED ){
      /* Skip this term for now.  We revisit it when we process the
      ** corresponding TERM_VIRTUAL term */
    }else{
      Bitmask b;
      b = getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pOrTerm->leftCursor);
      if( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ){
        WhereTerm *pOther = &pOrWc->a[pOrTerm->iParent];
        b |= getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pOther->leftCursor);
      }
      indexable &= b;
      if( (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ)==0 ){
        chngToIN = 0;
      }else{
        chngToIN &= b;
      }
    }
  }

  /*
  ** Record the set of tables that satisfy case 3.  The set might be
  ** empty.
  */
  pOrInfo->indexable = indexable;
  pTerm->eOperator = indexable==0 ? 0 : WO_OR;

  /* For a two-way OR, attempt to implementation case 2.
  */
  if( indexable && pOrWc->nTerm==2 ){
    int iOne = 0;
    WhereTerm *pOne;
    while( (pOne = whereNthSubterm(&pOrWc->a[0],iOne++))!=0 ){
      int iTwo = 0;
      WhereTerm *pTwo;
      while( (pTwo = whereNthSubterm(&pOrWc->a[1],iTwo++))!=0 ){
        whereCombineDisjuncts(pSrc, pWC, pOne, pTwo);
      }
    }
  }

  /*
  ** chngToIN holds a set of tables that *might* satisfy case 1.  But
  ** we have to do some additional checking to see if case 1 really
  ** is satisfied.
  **
  ** chngToIN will hold either 0, 1, or 2 bits.  The 0-bit case means
  ** that there is no possibility of transforming the OR clause into an
  ** IN operator because one or more terms in the OR clause contain
  ** something other than == on a column in the single table.  The 1-bit
  ** case means that every term of the OR clause is of the form
  ** "table.column=expr" for some single table.  The one bit that is set
  ** will correspond to the common table.  We still need to check to make
  ** sure the same column is used on all terms.  The 2-bit case is when
  ** the all terms are of the form "table1.column=table2.column".  It
  ** might be possible to form an IN operator with either table1.column
  ** or table2.column as the LHS if either is common to every term of
  ** the OR clause.
  **
  ** Note that terms of the form "table.column1=table.column2" (the
  ** same table on both sizes of the ==) cannot be optimized.
  */
  if( chngToIN ){
    int okToChngToIN = 0;     /* True if the conversion to IN is valid */
    int iColumn = -1;         /* Column index on lhs of IN operator */
    int iCursor = -1;         /* Table cursor common to all terms */
    int j = 0;                /* Loop counter */

    /* Search for a table and column that appears on one side or the
    ** other of the == operator in every subterm.  That table and column
    ** will be recorded in iCursor and iColumn.  There might not be any
    ** such table and column.  Set okToChngToIN if an appropriate table
    ** and column is found but leave okToChngToIN false if not found.
    */
    for(j=0; j<2 && !okToChngToIN; j++){
      pOrTerm = pOrWc->a;
      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor ){
          /* This is the 2-bit case and we are on the second iteration and
          ** current term is from the first iteration.  So skip this term. */
          assert( j==1 );
          continue;
        }
        if( (chngToIN & getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pOrTerm->leftCursor))==0 ){
          /* This term must be of the form t1.a==t2.b where t2 is in the
          ** chngToIN set but t1 is not.  This term will be either preceded
          ** or follwed by an inverted copy (t2.b==t1.a).  Skip this term 
          ** and use its inversion. */
          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED );
          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
          assert( pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_COPIED|TERM_VIRTUAL) );
          continue;
        }
        iColumn = pOrTerm->u.leftColumn;
        iCursor = pOrTerm->leftCursor;
        break;
      }
      if( i<0 ){
        /* No candidate table+column was found.  This can only occur
        ** on the second iteration */
        assert( j==1 );
        assert( IsPowerOfTwo(chngToIN) );
        assert( chngToIN==getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCursor) );
        break;
      }
      testcase( j==1 );

      /* We have found a candidate table and column.  Check to see if that
      ** table and column is common to every term in the OR clause */
      okToChngToIN = 1;
      for(; i>=0 && okToChngToIN; i--, pOrTerm++){
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor!=iCursor ){
          pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
        }else if( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn!=iColumn ){
          okToChngToIN = 0;
        }else{
          int affLeft, affRight;
          /* If the right-hand side is also a column, then the affinities
          ** of both right and left sides must be such that no type
          ** conversions are required on the right.  (Ticket #2249)
          */
          affRight = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight);
          affLeft = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft);
          if( affRight!=0 && affRight!=affLeft ){
            okToChngToIN = 0;
          }else{
            pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_OR_OK;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    /* At this point, okToChngToIN is true if original pTerm satisfies
    ** case 1.  In that case, construct a new virtual term that is 
    ** pTerm converted into an IN operator.
    */
    if( okToChngToIN ){
      Expr *pDup;            /* A transient duplicate expression */
      ExprList *pList = 0;   /* The RHS of the IN operator */
      Expr *pLeft = 0;       /* The LHS of the IN operator */
      Expr *pNew;            /* The complete IN operator */

      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
        if( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        assert( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor );
        assert( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn );
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight, 0);
        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWInfo->pParse, pList, pDup);
        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
      }
      assert( pLeft!=0 );
      pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
      pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pDup, 0, 0);
      if( pNew ){
        int idxNew;
        transferJoinMarkings(pNew, pExpr);
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
        pNew->x.pList = pList;
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        testcase( idxNew==0 );
        exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
      }
      pTerm->eOperator = WO_NOOP;  /* case 1 trumps case 3 */
    }
  }
}
#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION && !SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

/*
** We already know that pExpr is a binary operator where both operands are
** column references.  This routine checks to see if pExpr is an equivalence
** relation:
**   1.  The SQLITE_Transitive optimization must be enabled
**   2.  Must be either an == or an IS operator
**   3.  Not originating the ON clause of an OUTER JOIN
**   4.  The affinities of A and B must be compatible
**   5a. Both operands use the same collating sequence OR
**   5b. The overall collating sequence is BINARY
** If this routine returns TRUE, that means that the RHS can be substituted
** for the LHS anyplace else in the WHERE clause where the LHS column occurs.
** This is an optimization.  No harm comes from returning 0.  But if 1 is
** returned when it should not be, then incorrect answers might result.
*/
static int termIsEquivalence(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  char aff1, aff2;
  CollSeq *pColl;
  const char *zColl1, *zColl2;
  if( !OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Transitive) ) return 0;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ && pExpr->op!=TK_IS ) return 0;
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) return 0;
  aff1 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  aff2 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pRight);
  if( aff1!=aff2
   && (!sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff1) || !sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff2))
  ){
    return 0;
  }
  pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
  if( pColl==0 || sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, "BINARY")==0 ) return 1;
  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
  /* Since pLeft and pRight are both a column references, their collating
  ** sequence should always be defined. */
  zColl1 = ALWAYS(pColl) ? pColl->zName : 0;
  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
  zColl2 = ALWAYS(pColl) ? pColl->zName : 0;
  return sqlite3StrICmp(zColl1, zColl2)==0;
}

/*
** The input to this routine is an WhereTerm structure with only the
** "pExpr" field filled in.  The job of this routine is to analyze the
** subexpression and populate all the other fields of the WhereTerm
** structure.
**
** If the expression is of the form "<expr> <op> X" it gets commuted
** to the standard form of "X <op> <expr>".
**
** If the expression is of the form "X <op> Y" where both X and Y are
** columns, then the original expression is unchanged and a new virtual
** term of the form "Y <op> X" is added to the WHERE clause and
** analyzed separately.  The original term is marked with TERM_COPIED
** and the new term is marked with TERM_DYNAMIC (because it's pExpr
** needs to be freed with the WhereClause) and TERM_VIRTUAL (because it
** is a commuted copy of a prior term.)  The original term has nChild=1
** and the copy has idxParent set to the index of the original term.
*/
static void exprAnalyze(
  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,         /* the WHERE clause */
  int idxTerm               /* Index of the term to be analyzed */
){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo; /* WHERE clause processing context */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;                /* The term to be analyzed */
  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet;          /* Set of table index masks */
  Expr *pExpr;                     /* The expression to be analyzed */
  Bitmask prereqLeft;              /* Prerequesites of the pExpr->pLeft */
  Bitmask prereqAll;               /* Prerequesites of pExpr */
  Bitmask extraRight = 0;          /* Extra dependencies on LEFT JOIN */
  Expr *pStr1 = 0;                 /* RHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
  int isComplete = 0;              /* RHS of LIKE/GLOB ends with wildcard */
  int noCase = 0;                  /* uppercase equivalent to lowercase */
  int op;                          /* Top-level operator.  pExpr->op */
  Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;  /* Parsing context */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;        /* Database connection */

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    return;
  }
  pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
  pMaskSet = &pWInfo->sMaskSet;
  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AS && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE );
  prereqLeft = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_IN ){
    assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      pTerm->prereqRight = exprSelectTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      pTerm->prereqRight = exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pList);
    }
  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
    pTerm->prereqRight = 0;
  }else{
    pTerm->prereqRight = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pRight);
  }
  prereqAll = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr);
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
    Bitmask x = getMask(pMaskSet, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
    prereqAll |= x;
    extraRight = x-1;  /* ON clause terms may not be used with an index
                       ** on left table of a LEFT JOIN.  Ticket #3015 */
  }
  pTerm->prereqAll = prereqAll;
  pTerm->leftCursor = -1;
  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  pTerm->eOperator = 0;
  if( allowedOp(op) ){
    Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pLeft);
    Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight);
    u16 opMask = (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ? WO_ALL : WO_EQUIV;
    if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      pTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op) & opMask;
    }
    if( op==TK_IS ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      WhereTerm *pNew;
      Expr *pDup;
      u16 eExtraOp = 0;        /* Extra bits for pNew->eOperator */
      if( pTerm->leftCursor>=0 ){
        int idxNew;
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        if( db->mallocFailed ){
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
          return;
        }
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pDup, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        if( idxNew==0 ) return;
        pNew = &pWC->a[idxNew];
        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
        if( op==TK_IS ) pNew->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;

        if( termIsEquivalence(pParse, pDup) ){
          pTerm->eOperator |= WO_EQUIV;
          eExtraOp = WO_EQUIV;
        }
      }else{
        pDup = pExpr;
        pNew = pTerm;
      }
      exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
      pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pDup->pLeft);
      pNew->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNew->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      testcase( (prereqLeft | extraRight) != prereqLeft );
      pNew->prereqRight = prereqLeft | extraRight;
      pNew->prereqAll = prereqAll;
      pNew->eOperator = (operatorMask(pDup->op) + eExtraOp) & opMask;
    }
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
  /* If a term is the BETWEEN operator, create two new virtual terms
  ** that define the range that the BETWEEN implements.  For example:
  **
  **      a BETWEEN b AND c
  **
  ** is converted into:
  **
  **      (a BETWEEN b AND c) AND (a>=b) AND (a<=c)
  **
  ** The two new terms are added onto the end of the WhereClause object.
  ** The new terms are "dynamic" and are children of the original BETWEEN
  ** term.  That means that if the BETWEEN term is coded, the children are
  ** skipped.  Or, if the children are satisfied by an index, the original
  ** BETWEEN term is skipped.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN && pWC->op==TK_AND ){
    ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
    int i;
    static const u8 ops[] = {TK_GE, TK_LE};
    assert( pList!=0 );
    assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      int idxNew;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, ops[i], 
                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0),
                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, 0), 0);
      transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr, pExpr);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      testcase( idxNew==0 );
      exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
  /* Analyze a term that is composed of two or more subterms connected by
  ** an OR operator.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_OR ){
    assert( pWC->op==TK_AND );
    exprAnalyzeOrTerm(pSrc, pWC, idxTerm);
    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
  /* Add constraints to reduce the search space on a LIKE or GLOB
  ** operator.
  **
  ** A like pattern of the form "x LIKE 'aBc%'" is changed into constraints
  **
  **          x>='ABC' AND x<'abd' AND x LIKE 'aBc%'
  **
  ** The last character of the prefix "abc" is incremented to form the
  ** termination condition "abd".  If case is not significant (the default
  ** for LIKE) then the lower-bound is made all uppercase and the upper-
  ** bound is made all lowercase so that the bounds also work when comparing
  ** BLOBs.
  */
  if( pWC->op==TK_AND 
   && isLikeOrGlob(pParse, pExpr, &pStr1, &isComplete, &noCase)
  ){
    Expr *pLeft;       /* LHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
    Expr *pStr2;       /* Copy of pStr1 - RHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
    Expr *pNewExpr1;
    Expr *pNewExpr2;
    int idxNew1;
    int idxNew2;
    const char *zCollSeqName;     /* Name of collating sequence */
    const u16 wtFlags = TERM_LIKEOPT | TERM_VIRTUAL | TERM_DYNAMIC;

    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);

    /* Convert the lower bound to upper-case and the upper bound to
    ** lower-case (upper-case is less than lower-case in ASCII) so that
    ** the range constraints also work for BLOBs
    */
    if( noCase && !pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
      int i;
      char c;
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_LIKE;
      for(i=0; (c = pStr1->u.zToken[i])!=0; i++){
        pStr1->u.zToken[i] = sqlite3Toupper(c);
        pStr2->u.zToken[i] = sqlite3Tolower(c);
      }
    }

    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      u8 c, *pC;       /* Last character before the first wildcard */
      pC = (u8*)&pStr2->u.zToken[sqlite3Strlen30(pStr2->u.zToken)-1];
      c = *pC;
      if( noCase ){
        /* The point is to increment the last character before the first
        ** wildcard.  But if we increment '@', that will push it into the
        ** alphabetic range where case conversions will mess up the 
        ** inequality.  To avoid this, make sure to also run the full
        ** LIKE on all candidate expressions by clearing the isComplete flag
        */
        if( c=='A'-1 ) isComplete = 0;
        c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
      }
      *pC = c + 1;
    }
    zCollSeqName = noCase ? "NOCASE" : "BINARY";
    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE,
           sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse,pNewExpr1,zCollSeqName),
           pStr1, 0);
    transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr1, pExpr);
    idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, wtFlags);
    testcase( idxNew1==0 );
    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT,
           sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse,pNewExpr2,zCollSeqName),
           pStr2, 0);
    transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr2, pExpr);
    idxNew2 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr2, wtFlags);
    testcase( idxNew2==0 );
    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew2);
    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
    if( isComplete ){
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew1, idxTerm);
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew2, idxTerm);
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  /* Add a WO_MATCH auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
  ** current expression is of the form:  column MATCH expr.
  ** This information is used by the xBestIndex methods of
  ** virtual tables.  The native query optimizer does not attempt
  ** to do anything with MATCH functions.
  */
  if( isMatchOfColumn(pExpr) ){
    int idxNew;
    Expr *pRight, *pLeft;
    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
    Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;

    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    prereqExpr = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
    prereqColumn = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
    if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
                              0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0), 0);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      testcase( idxNew==0 );
      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
      pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_MATCH;
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
  /* When sqlite_stat3 histogram data is available an operator of the
  ** form "x IS NOT NULL" can sometimes be evaluated more efficiently
  ** as "x>NULL" if x is not an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.  So construct a
  ** virtual term of that form.
  **
  ** Note that the virtual term must be tagged with TERM_VNULL.
  */
  if( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL
   && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
   && pExpr->pLeft->iColumn>=0
   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat34)
  ){
    Expr *pNewExpr;
    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
    int idxNew;
    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;

    pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GT,
                            sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0),
                            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NULL, 0, 0, 0), 0);

    idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr,
                              TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC|TERM_VNULL);
    if( idxNew ){
      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
      pNewTerm->prereqRight = 0;
      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_GT;
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */

  /* Prevent ON clause terms of a LEFT JOIN from being used to drive
  ** an index for tables to the left of the join.
  */
  pTerm->prereqRight |= extraRight;
}

/*
** This function searches pList for an entry that matches the iCol-th column
** of index pIdx.
**
** If such an expression is found, its index in pList->a[] is returned. If
** no expression is found, -1 is returned.
*/
................................................................................
  return -1;
}

/*
** Return true if the DISTINCT expression-list passed as the third argument
** is redundant.
**
** A DISTINCT list is redundant if the database contains some subset of
** columns that are unique and non-null.
*/
static int isDistinctRedundant(
  Parse *pParse,            /* Parsing context */
  SrcList *pTabList,        /* The FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,         /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pDistinct       /* The result set that needs to be DISTINCT */
){
................................................................................
  **   3. All of those index columns for which the WHERE clause does not
  **      contain a "col=X" term are subject to a NOT NULL constraint.
  */
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    if( !IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ) continue;
    for(i=0; i<pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
      i16 iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
      if( 0==findTerm(pWC, iBase, iCol, ~(Bitmask)0, WO_EQ, pIdx) ){
        int iIdxCol = findIndexCol(pParse, pDistinct, iBase, pIdx, i);
        if( iIdxCol<0 || pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull==0 ){
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if( i==pIdx->nKeyCol ){
................................................................................
** Allocate and populate an sqlite3_index_info structure. It is the 
** responsibility of the caller to eventually release the structure
** by passing the pointer returned by this function to sqlite3_free().
*/
static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
  Parse *pParse,
  WhereClause *pWC,

  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,
  ExprList *pOrderBy
){
  int i, j;
  int nTerm;
  struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pIdxCons;
  struct sqlite3_index_orderby *pIdxOrderBy;
................................................................................
  int nOrderBy;
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;

  /* Count the number of possible WHERE clause constraints referring
  ** to this virtual table */
  for(i=nTerm=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
    if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;

    assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
................................................................................
  *(struct sqlite3_index_orderby**)&pIdxInfo->aOrderBy = pIdxOrderBy;
  *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage =
                                                                   pUsage;

  for(i=j=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
    u8 op;
    if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;

    assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
................................................................................
    WHERETRACE(0x10,("IN row estimate: est=%d\n", nRowEst));
  }
  assert( pBuilder->nRecValid==nRecValid );
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */

/*
** Disable a term in the WHERE clause.  Except, do not disable the term
** if it controls a LEFT OUTER JOIN and it did not originate in the ON
** or USING clause of that join.
**
** Consider the term t2.z='ok' in the following queries:
**
**   (1)  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.x WHERE t2.z='ok'
**   (2)  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.x AND t2.z='ok'
**   (3)  SELECT * FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.x AND t2.z='ok'
**
** The t2.z='ok' is disabled in the in (2) because it originates
** in the ON clause.  The term is disabled in (3) because it is not part
** of a LEFT OUTER JOIN.  In (1), the term is not disabled.
**
** Disabling a term causes that term to not be tested in the inner loop
** of the join.  Disabling is an optimization.  When terms are satisfied
** by indices, we disable them to prevent redundant tests in the inner
** loop.  We would get the correct results if nothing were ever disabled,
** but joins might run a little slower.  The trick is to disable as much
** as we can without disabling too much.  If we disabled in (1), we'd get
** the wrong answer.  See ticket #813.
**
** If all the children of a term are disabled, then that term is also
** automatically disabled.  In this way, terms get disabled if derived
** virtual terms are tested first.  For example:
**
**      x GLOB 'abc*' AND x>='abc' AND x<'acd'
**      \___________/     \______/     \_____/
**         parent          child1       child2
**
** Only the parent term was in the original WHERE clause.  The child1
** and child2 terms were added by the LIKE optimization.  If both of
** the virtual child terms are valid, then testing of the parent can be 
** skipped.
**
** Usually the parent term is marked as TERM_CODED.  But if the parent
** term was originally TERM_LIKE, then the parent gets TERM_LIKECOND instead.
** The TERM_LIKECOND marking indicates that the term should be coded inside
** a conditional such that is only evaluated on the second pass of a
** LIKE-optimization loop, when scanning BLOBs instead of strings.
*/
static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
  int nLoop = 0;
  while( pTerm
      && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0
      && (pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 || ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
      && (pLevel->notReady & pTerm->prereqAll)==0
  ){
    if( nLoop && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKE)!=0 ){
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_LIKECOND;
    }else{
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
    if( pTerm->iParent<0 ) break;
    pTerm = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
    pTerm->nChild--;
    if( pTerm->nChild!=0 ) break;
    nLoop++;
  }
}

/*
** Code an OP_Affinity opcode to apply the column affinity string zAff
** to the n registers starting at base. 
**
** As an optimization, SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries (which are no-ops) at the
** beginning and end of zAff are ignored.  If all entries in zAff are
** SQLITE_AFF_NONE, then no code gets generated.
**
** This routine makes its own copy of zAff so that the caller is free
** to modify zAff after this routine returns.
*/
static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  if( zAff==0 ){
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return;
  }
  assert( v!=0 );

  /* Adjust base and n to skip over SQLITE_AFF_NONE entries at the beginning
  ** and end of the affinity string.
  */
  while( n>0 && zAff[0]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
    n--;
    base++;
    zAff++;
  }
  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
    n--;
  }

  /* Code the OP_Affinity opcode if there is anything left to do. */
  if( n>0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, base, n);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zAff, n);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);
  }
}


/*
** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
** coded.
**
** The current value for the constraint is left in register iReg.
**
** For a constraint of the form X=expr, the expression is evaluated and its
** result is left on the stack.  For constraints of the form X IN (...)
** this routine sets up a loop that will iterate over all values of X.
*/
static int codeEqualityTerm(
  Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context */
  WhereTerm *pTerm,   /* The term of the WHERE clause to be coded */
  WhereLevel *pLevel, /* The level of the FROM clause we are working on */
  int iEq,            /* Index of the equality term within this level */
  int bRev,           /* True for reverse-order IN operations */
  int iTarget         /* Attempt to leave results in this register */
){
  Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int iReg;                  /* Register holding results */

  assert( iTarget>0 );
  if( pX->op==TK_EQ || pX->op==TK_IS ){
    iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pX->pRight, iTarget);
  }else if( pX->op==TK_ISNULL ){
    iReg = iTarget;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iReg);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  }else{
    int eType;
    int iTab;
    struct InLoop *pIn;
    WhereLoop *pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;

    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0
      && pLoop->u.btree.pIndex!=0
      && pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->aSortOrder[iEq]
    ){
      testcase( iEq==0 );
      testcase( bRev );
      bRev = !bRev;
    }
    assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
    iReg = iTarget;
    eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0);
    if( eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC ){
      testcase( bRev );
      bRev = !bRev;
    }
    iTab = pX->iTable;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, !bRev);
    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 );
    pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_ABLE;
    if( pLevel->u.in.nIn==0 ){
      pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    }
    pLevel->u.in.nIn++;
    pLevel->u.in.aInLoop =
       sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pParse->db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop,
                              sizeof(pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[0])*pLevel->u.in.nIn);
    pIn = pLevel->u.in.aInLoop;
    if( pIn ){
      pIn += pLevel->u.in.nIn - 1;
      pIn->iCur = iTab;
      if( eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID ){
        pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTab, iReg);
      }else{
        pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, 0, iReg);
      }
      pIn->eEndLoopOp = bRev ? OP_PrevIfOpen : OP_NextIfOpen;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, iReg); VdbeCoverage(v);
    }else{
      pLevel->u.in.nIn = 0;
    }
#endif
  }
  disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
  return iReg;
}

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate all == and IN constraints for an
** index scan.
**
** For example, consider table t1(a,b,c,d,e,f) with index i1(a,b,c).
** Suppose the WHERE clause is this:  a==5 AND b IN (1,2,3) AND c>5 AND c<10
** The index has as many as three equality constraints, but in this
** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two 
** constraints are coded.  This routine will generate code to evaluate
** a==5 and b IN (1,2,3).  The current values for a and b will be stored
** in consecutive registers and the index of the first register is returned.
**
** In the example above nEq==2.  But this subroutine works for any value
** of nEq including 0.  If nEq==0, this routine is nearly a no-op.
** The only thing it does is allocate the pLevel->iMem memory cell and
** compute the affinity string.
**
** The nExtraReg parameter is 0 or 1.  It is 0 if all WHERE clause constraints
** are == or IN and are covered by the nEq.  nExtraReg is 1 if there is
** an inequality constraint (such as the "c>=5 AND c<10" in the example) that
** occurs after the nEq quality constraints.
**
** This routine allocates a range of nEq+nExtraReg memory cells and returns
** the index of the first memory cell in that range. The code that
** calls this routine will use that memory range to store keys for
** start and termination conditions of the loop.
** key value of the loop.  If one or more IN operators appear, then
** this routine allocates an additional nEq memory cells for internal
** use.
**
** Before returning, *pzAff is set to point to a buffer containing a
** copy of the column affinity string of the index allocated using
** sqlite3DbMalloc(). Except, entries in the copy of the string associated
** with equality constraints that use NONE affinity are set to
** SQLITE_AFF_NONE. This is to deal with SQL such as the following:
**
**   CREATE TABLE t1(a TEXT PRIMARY KEY, b);
**   SELECT ... FROM t1 AS t2, t1 WHERE t1.a = t2.b;
**
** In the example above, the index on t1(a) has TEXT affinity. But since
** the right hand side of the equality constraint (t2.b) has NONE affinity,
** no conversion should be attempted before using a t2.b value as part of
** a key to search the index. Hence the first byte in the returned affinity
** string in this example would be set to SQLITE_AFF_NONE.
*/
static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,   /* Which nested loop of the FROM we are coding */
  int bRev,             /* Reverse the order of IN operators */
  int nExtraReg,        /* Number of extra registers to allocate */
  char **pzAff          /* OUT: Set to point to affinity string */
){
  u16 nEq;                      /* The number of == or IN constraints to code */
  u16 nSkip;                    /* Number of left-most columns to skip */
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* The vm under construction */
  Index *pIdx;                  /* The index being used for this loop */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;             /* A single constraint term */
  WhereLoop *pLoop;             /* The WhereLoop object */
  int j;                        /* Loop counter */
  int regBase;                  /* Base register */
  int nReg;                     /* Number of registers to allocate */
  char *zAff;                   /* Affinity string to return */

  /* This module is only called on query plans that use an index. */
  pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
  assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
  nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  nSkip = pLoop->nSkip;
  pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  assert( pIdx!=0 );

  /* Figure out how many memory cells we will need then allocate them.
  */
  regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
  nReg = pLoop->u.btree.nEq + nExtraReg;
  pParse->nMem += nReg;

  zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx));
  if( !zAff ){
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }

  if( nSkip ){
    int iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (bRev?OP_Last:OP_Rewind), iIdxCur);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    VdbeComment((v, "begin skip-scan on %s", pIdx->zName));
    j = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
    pLevel->addrSkip = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, (bRev?OP_SeekLT:OP_SeekGT),
                            iIdxCur, 0, regBase, nSkip);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j);
    for(j=0; j<nSkip; j++){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, j, regBase+j);
      assert( pIdx->aiColumn[j]>=0 );
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->pTable->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[j]].zName));
    }
  }    

  /* Evaluate the equality constraints
  */
  assert( zAff==0 || (int)strlen(zAff)>=nEq );
  for(j=nSkip; j<nEq; j++){
    int r1;
    pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );
    /* The following testcase is true for indices with redundant columns. 
    ** Ex: CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a,b,a); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 AND b=0; */
    testcase( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)!=0 );
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    r1 = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, j, bRev, regBase+j);
    if( r1!=regBase+j ){
      if( nReg==1 ){
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regBase);
        regBase = r1;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r1, regBase+j);
      }
    }
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IN))==0 ){
      Expr *pRight = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
      if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_IS)==0 && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight) ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+j, pLevel->addrBrk);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( zAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[j])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE ){
          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[j]) ){
          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  *pzAff = zAff;
  return regBase;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
/*
** This routine is a helper for explainIndexRange() below
**
** pStr holds the text of an expression that we are building up one term
** at a time.  This routine adds a new term to the end of the expression.
** Terms are separated by AND so add the "AND" text for second and subsequent
** terms only.
*/
static void explainAppendTerm(
  StrAccum *pStr,             /* The text expression being built */
  int iTerm,                  /* Index of this term.  First is zero */
  const char *zColumn,        /* Name of the column */
  const char *zOp             /* Name of the operator */
){
  if( iTerm ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, " AND ", 5);
  sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(pStr, zColumn);
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, zOp, 1);
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, "?", 1);
}

/*
** Argument pLevel describes a strategy for scanning table pTab. This 
** function appends text to pStr that describes the subset of table
** rows scanned by the strategy in the form of an SQL expression.
**
** For example, if the query:
**
**   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=1 AND b>2;
**
** is run and there is an index on (a, b), then this function returns a
** string similar to:
**
**   "a=? AND b>?"
*/
static void explainIndexRange(StrAccum *pStr, WhereLoop *pLoop, Table *pTab){
  Index *pIndex = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  u16 nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  u16 nSkip = pLoop->nSkip;
  int i, j;
  Column *aCol = pTab->aCol;
  i16 *aiColumn = pIndex->aiColumn;

  if( nEq==0 && (pLoop->wsFlags&(WHERE_BTM_LIMIT|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT))==0 ) return;
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, " (", 2);
  for(i=0; i<nEq; i++){
    char *z = aiColumn[i] < 0 ? "rowid" : aCol[aiColumn[i]].zName;
    if( i>=nSkip ){
      explainAppendTerm(pStr, i, z, "=");
    }else{
      if( i ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, " AND ", 5);
      sqlite3XPrintf(pStr, 0, "ANY(%s)", z);
    }
  }

  j = i;
  if( pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
    char *z = aiColumn[j] < 0 ? "rowid" : aCol[aiColumn[j]].zName;
    explainAppendTerm(pStr, i++, z, ">");
  }
  if( pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
    char *z = aiColumn[j] < 0 ? "rowid" : aCol[aiColumn[j]].zName;
    explainAppendTerm(pStr, i, z, "<");
  }
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, ")", 1);
}

/*
** This function is a no-op unless currently processing an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
** command, or if either SQLITE_DEBUG or SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS was
** defined at compile-time. If it is not a no-op, a single OP_Explain opcode 
** is added to the output to describe the table scan strategy in pLevel.
**
** If an OP_Explain opcode is added to the VM, its address is returned.
** Otherwise, if no OP_Explain is coded, zero is returned.
*/
static int explainOneScan(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  int iLevel,                     /* Value for "level" column of output */
  int iFrom,                      /* Value for "from" column of output */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
){
  int ret = 0;
#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
  if( pParse->explain==2 )
#endif
  {
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* VM being constructed */
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;     /* Database handle */
    int iId = pParse->iSelectId;  /* Select id (left-most output column) */
    int isSearch;                 /* True for a SEARCH. False for SCAN. */
    WhereLoop *pLoop;             /* The controlling WhereLoop object */
    u32 flags;                    /* Flags that describe this loop */
    char *zMsg;                   /* Text to add to EQP output */
    StrAccum str;                 /* EQP output string */
    char zBuf[100];               /* Initial space for EQP output string */

    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
    flags = pLoop->wsFlags;
    if( (flags&WHERE_MULTI_OR) || (wctrlFlags&WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY) ) return 0;

    isSearch = (flags&(WHERE_BTM_LIMIT|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT))!=0
            || ((flags&WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 && (pLoop->u.btree.nEq>0))
            || (wctrlFlags&(WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN|WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX));

    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&str, db, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
    sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&str, isSearch ? "SEARCH" : "SCAN");
    if( pItem->pSelect ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " SUBQUERY %d", pItem->iSelectId);
    }else{
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " TABLE %s", pItem->zName);
    }

    if( pItem->zAlias ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " AS %s", pItem->zAlias);
    }
    if( (flags & (WHERE_IPK|WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE))==0 ){
      const char *zFmt = 0;
      Index *pIdx;

      assert( pLoop->u.btree.pIndex!=0 );
      pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
      assert( !(flags&WHERE_AUTO_INDEX) || (flags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY) );
      if( !HasRowid(pItem->pTab) && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ){
        if( isSearch ){
          zFmt = "PRIMARY KEY";
        }
      }else if( flags & WHERE_PARTIALIDX ){
        zFmt = "AUTOMATIC PARTIAL COVERING INDEX";
      }else if( flags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX ){
        zFmt = "AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX";
      }else if( flags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY ){
        zFmt = "COVERING INDEX %s";
      }else{
        zFmt = "INDEX %s";
      }
      if( zFmt ){
        sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&str, " USING ", 7);
        sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, zFmt, pIdx->zName);
        explainIndexRange(&str, pLoop, pItem->pTab);
      }
    }else if( (flags & WHERE_IPK)!=0 && (flags & WHERE_CONSTRAINT)!=0 ){
      const char *zRange;
      if( flags&(WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_COLUMN_IN) ){
        zRange = "(rowid=?)";
      }else if( (flags&WHERE_BOTH_LIMIT)==WHERE_BOTH_LIMIT ){
        zRange = "(rowid>? AND rowid<?)";
      }else if( flags&WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
        zRange = "(rowid>?)";
      }else{
        assert( flags&WHERE_TOP_LIMIT);
        zRange = "(rowid<?)";
      }
      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&str, " USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY ");
      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&str, zRange);
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    else if( (flags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX %d:%s",
                  pLoop->u.vtab.idxNum, pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr);
    }
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS
    if( pLoop->nOut>=10 ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " (~%llu rows)", sqlite3LogEstToInt(pLoop->nOut));
    }else{
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&str, " (~1 row)", 9);
    }
#endif
    zMsg = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&str);
    ret = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, iId, iLevel, iFrom, zMsg,P4_DYNAMIC);
  }
  return ret;
}
#else
# define explainOneScan(u,v,w,x,y,z) 0
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
/*
** Configure the VM passed as the first argument with an
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() entry corresponding to the scan used to 
** implement level pLvl. Argument pSrclist is a pointer to the FROM 
** clause that the scan reads data from.
**
** If argument addrExplain is not 0, it must be the address of an 
** OP_Explain instruction that describes the same loop.
*/
static void addScanStatus(
  Vdbe *v,                        /* Vdbe to add scanstatus entry to */
  SrcList *pSrclist,              /* FROM clause pLvl reads data from */
  WhereLevel *pLvl,               /* Level to add scanstatus() entry for */
  int addrExplain                 /* Address of OP_Explain (or 0) */
){
  const char *zObj = 0;
  WhereLoop *pLoop = pLvl->pWLoop;
  if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0  &&  pLoop->u.btree.pIndex!=0 ){
    zObj = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->zName;
  }else{
    zObj = pSrclist->a[pLvl->iFrom].zName;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(
      v, addrExplain, pLvl->addrBody, pLvl->addrVisit, pLoop->nOut, zObj
  );
}
#else
# define addScanStatus(a, b, c, d) ((void)d)
#endif

/*
** If the most recently coded instruction is a constant range contraint
** that originated from the LIKE optimization, then change the P3 to be
** pLoop->iLikeRepCntr and set P5.
**
** The LIKE optimization trys to evaluate "x LIKE 'abc%'" as a range
** expression: "x>='ABC' AND x<'abd'".  But this requires that the range
** scan loop run twice, once for strings and a second time for BLOBs.
** The OP_String opcodes on the second pass convert the upper and lower
** bound string contants to blobs.  This routine makes the necessary changes
** to the OP_String opcodes for that to happen.
*/
static void whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(
  Vdbe *v,                /* prepared statement under construction */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,     /* The loop that contains the LIKE operator */
  WhereTerm *pTerm        /* The upper or lower bound just coded */
){
  if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT ){
    VdbeOp *pOp;
    assert( pLevel->iLikeRepCntr>0 );
    pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
    assert( pOp!=0 );
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_String8 
            || pTerm->pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    pOp->p3 = pLevel->iLikeRepCntr;
    pOp->p5 = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Generate code for the start of the iLevel-th loop in the WHERE clause
** implementation described by pWInfo.
*/
static Bitmask codeOneLoopStart(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
  int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
  Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
){
  int j, k;            /* Loop counters */
  int iCur;            /* The VDBE cursor for the table */
  int addrNxt;         /* Where to jump to continue with the next IN case */
  int omitTable;       /* True if we use the index only */
  int bRev;            /* True if we need to scan in reverse order */
  WhereLevel *pLevel;  /* The where level to be coded */
  WhereLoop *pLoop;    /* The WhereLoop object being coded */
  WhereClause *pWC;    /* Decomposition of the entire WHERE clause */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;               /* A WHERE clause term */
  Parse *pParse;                  /* Parsing context */
  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection */
  Vdbe *v;                        /* The prepared stmt under constructions */
  struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;  /* FROM clause term being coded */
  int addrBrk;                    /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
  int addrCont;                   /* Jump here to continue with next cycle */
  int iRowidReg = 0;        /* Rowid is stored in this register, if not zero */
  int iReleaseReg = 0;      /* Temp register to free before returning */

  pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  db = pParse->db;
  pLevel = &pWInfo->a[iLevel];
  pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
  pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
  pLevel->notReady = notReady & ~getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
  bRev = (pWInfo->revMask>>iLevel)&1;
  omitTable = (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
           && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE)==0;
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-loop%d: %s",iLevel,pTabItem->pTab->zName));

  /* Create labels for the "break" and "continue" instructions
  ** for the current loop.  Jump to addrBrk to break out of a loop.
  ** Jump to cont to go immediately to the next iteration of the
  ** loop.
  **
  ** When there is an IN operator, we also have a "addrNxt" label that
  ** means to continue with the next IN value combination.  When
  ** there are no IN operators in the constraints, the "addrNxt" label
  ** is the same as "addrBrk".
  */
  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

  /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
  ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
  ** row of the left table of the join.
  */
  if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
  }

  /* Special case of a FROM clause subquery implemented as a co-routine */
  if( pTabItem->viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    pLevel->p2 =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regYield, addrBrk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "next row of \"%s\"", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
    pLevel->op = OP_Goto;
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if(  (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
    /* Case 1:  The table is a virtual-table.  Use the VFilter and VNext
    **          to access the data.
    */
    int iReg;   /* P3 Value for OP_VFilter */
    int addrNotFound;
    int nConstraint = pLoop->nLTerm;

    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
    iReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nConstraint+2);
    addrNotFound = pLevel->addrBrk;
    for(j=0; j<nConstraint; j++){
      int iTarget = iReg+j+2;
      pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
      if( pTerm==0 ) continue;
      if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
        codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, j, bRev, iTarget);
        addrNotFound = pLevel->addrNxt;
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTerm->pExpr->pRight, iTarget);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pLoop->u.vtab.idxNum, iReg);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, nConstraint, iReg+1);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VFilter, iCur, addrNotFound, iReg,
                      pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr,
                      pLoop->u.vtab.needFree ? P4_MPRINTF : P4_STATIC);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    pLoop->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
    for(j=0; j<nConstraint && j<16; j++){
      if( (pLoop->u.vtab.omitMask>>j)&1 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pLoop->aLTerm[j]);
      }
    }
    pLevel->op = OP_VNext;
    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, iReg, nConstraint+2);
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

  if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IPK)!=0
   && (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_COLUMN_EQ))!=0
  ){
    /* Case 2:  We can directly reference a single row using an
    **          equality comparison against the ROWID field.  Or
    **          we reference multiple rows using a "rowid IN (...)"
    **          construct.
    */
    assert( pLoop->u.btree.nEq==1 );
    pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[0];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );
    assert( pTerm->pExpr!=0 );
    assert( omitTable==0 );
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    iReleaseReg = ++pParse->nMem;
    iRowidReg = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, 0, bRev, iReleaseReg);
    if( iRowidReg!=iReleaseReg ) sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, iReleaseReg);
    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, iRowidReg, addrNxt); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addrNxt, iRowidReg);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, iRowidReg, 1);
    sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
    VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
    pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
  }else if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IPK)!=0
         && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE)!=0
  ){
    /* Case 3:  We have an inequality comparison against the ROWID field.
    */
    int testOp = OP_Noop;
    int start;
    int memEndValue = 0;
    WhereTerm *pStart, *pEnd;

    assert( omitTable==0 );
    j = 0;
    pStart = pEnd = 0;
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ) pStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ) pEnd = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
    assert( pStart!=0 || pEnd!=0 );
    if( bRev ){
      pTerm = pStart;
      pStart = pEnd;
      pEnd = pTerm;
    }
    if( pStart ){
      Expr *pX;             /* The expression that defines the start bound */
      int r1, rTemp;        /* Registers for holding the start boundary */

      /* The following constant maps TK_xx codes into corresponding 
      ** seek opcodes.  It depends on a particular ordering of TK_xx
      */
      const u8 aMoveOp[] = {
           /* TK_GT */  OP_SeekGT,
           /* TK_LE */  OP_SeekLE,
           /* TK_LT */  OP_SeekLT,
           /* TK_GE */  OP_SeekGE
      };
      assert( TK_LE==TK_GT+1 );      /* Make sure the ordering.. */
      assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );      /*  ... of the TK_xx values... */
      assert( TK_GE==TK_GT+3 );      /*  ... is correcct. */

      assert( (pStart->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );
      testcase( pStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      pX = pStart->pExpr;
      assert( pX!=0 );
      testcase( pStart->leftCursor!=iCur ); /* transitive constraints */
      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX->pRight, &rTemp);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, aMoveOp[pX->op-TK_GT], iCur, addrBrk, r1);
      VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_GT);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_LE);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_LT);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_GE);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r1, 1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, rTemp);
      disableTerm(pLevel, pStart);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iCur, addrBrk);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    }
    if( pEnd ){
      Expr *pX;
      pX = pEnd->pExpr;
      assert( pX!=0 );
      assert( (pEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );
      testcase( pEnd->leftCursor!=iCur ); /* Transitive constraints */
      testcase( pEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      memEndValue = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pX->pRight, memEndValue);
      if( pX->op==TK_LT || pX->op==TK_GT ){
        testOp = bRev ? OP_Le : OP_Ge;
      }else{
        testOp = bRev ? OP_Lt : OP_Gt;
      }
      disableTerm(pLevel, pEnd);
    }
    start = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    pLevel->op = bRev ? OP_Prev : OP_Next;
    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
    pLevel->p2 = start;
    assert( pLevel->p5==0 );
    if( testOp!=OP_Noop ){
      iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, testOp, memEndValue, addrBrk, iRowidReg);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Le);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Lt);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Ge);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Gt);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC | SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    }
  }else if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED ){
    /* Case 4: A scan using an index.
    **
    **         The WHERE clause may contain zero or more equality 
    **         terms ("==" or "IN" operators) that refer to the N
    **         left-most columns of the index. It may also contain
    **         inequality constraints (>, <, >= or <=) on the indexed
    **         column that immediately follows the N equalities. Only 
    **         the right-most column can be an inequality - the rest must
    **         use the "==" and "IN" operators. For example, if the 
    **         index is on (x,y,z), then the following clauses are all 
    **         optimized:
    **
    **            x=5
    **            x=5 AND y=10
    **            x=5 AND y<10
    **            x=5 AND y>5 AND y<10
    **            x=5 AND y=5 AND z<=10
    **
    **         The z<10 term of the following cannot be used, only
    **         the x=5 term:
    **
    **            x=5 AND z<10
    **
    **         N may be zero if there are inequality constraints.
    **         If there are no inequality constraints, then N is at
    **         least one.
    **
    **         This case is also used when there are no WHERE clause
    **         constraints but an index is selected anyway, in order
    **         to force the output order to conform to an ORDER BY.
    */  
    static const u8 aStartOp[] = {
      0,
      0,
      OP_Rewind,           /* 2: (!start_constraints && startEq &&  !bRev) */
      OP_Last,             /* 3: (!start_constraints && startEq &&   bRev) */
      OP_SeekGT,           /* 4: (start_constraints  && !startEq && !bRev) */
      OP_SeekLT,           /* 5: (start_constraints  && !startEq &&  bRev) */
      OP_SeekGE,           /* 6: (start_constraints  &&  startEq && !bRev) */
      OP_SeekLE            /* 7: (start_constraints  &&  startEq &&  bRev) */
    };
    static const u8 aEndOp[] = {
      OP_IdxGE,            /* 0: (end_constraints && !bRev && !endEq) */
      OP_IdxGT,            /* 1: (end_constraints && !bRev &&  endEq) */
      OP_IdxLE,            /* 2: (end_constraints &&  bRev && !endEq) */
      OP_IdxLT,            /* 3: (end_constraints &&  bRev &&  endEq) */
    };
    u16 nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;     /* Number of == or IN terms */
    int regBase;                 /* Base register holding constraint values */
    WhereTerm *pRangeStart = 0;  /* Inequality constraint at range start */
    WhereTerm *pRangeEnd = 0;    /* Inequality constraint at range end */
    int startEq;                 /* True if range start uses ==, >= or <= */
    int endEq;                   /* True if range end uses ==, >= or <= */
    int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
    Index *pIdx;                 /* The index we will be using */
    int iIdxCur;                 /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
    int nExtraReg = 0;           /* Number of extra registers needed */
    int op;                      /* Instruction opcode */
    char *zStartAff;             /* Affinity for start of range constraint */
    char cEndAff = 0;            /* Affinity for end of range constraint */
    u8 bSeekPastNull = 0;        /* True to seek past initial nulls */
    u8 bStopAtNull = 0;          /* Add condition to terminate at NULLs */

    pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
    iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    assert( nEq>=pLoop->nSkip );

    /* If this loop satisfies a sort order (pOrderBy) request that 
    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
    ** query, then the caller will only allow the loop to run for
    ** a single iteration. This means that the first row returned
    ** should not have a NULL value stored in 'x'. If column 'x' is
    ** the first one after the nEq equality constraints in the index,
    ** this requires some special handling.
    */
    assert( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0
         || pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr==1
         || (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)==0 );
    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)!=0
     && pWInfo->nOBSat>0
     && (pIdx->nKeyCol>nEq)
    ){
      assert( pLoop->nSkip==0 );
      bSeekPastNull = 1;
      nExtraReg = 1;
    }

    /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end 
    ** of the range. 
    */
    j = nEq;
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
      pRangeStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
      nExtraReg = 1;
      /* Like optimization range constraints always occur in pairs */
      assert( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)==0 || 
              (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)!=0 );
    }
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
      pRangeEnd = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
      nExtraReg = 1;
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)!=0 ){
        assert( pRangeStart!=0 );                     /* LIKE opt constraints */
        assert( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT );   /* occur in pairs */
        pLevel->iLikeRepCntr = ++pParse->nMem;
        testcase( bRev );
        testcase( pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_DESC );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
                          bRev ^ (pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_DESC),
                          pLevel->iLikeRepCntr);
        VdbeComment((v, "LIKE loop counter"));
        pLevel->addrLikeRep = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      }
      if( pRangeStart==0
       && (j = pIdx->aiColumn[nEq])>=0 
       && pIdx->pTable->aCol[j].notNull==0
      ){
        bSeekPastNull = 1;
      }
    }
    assert( pRangeEnd==0 || (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );

    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
    ** starting at regBase.
    */
    regBase = codeAllEqualityTerms(pParse,pLevel,bRev,nExtraReg,&zStartAff);
    assert( zStartAff==0 || sqlite3Strlen30(zStartAff)>=nEq );
    if( zStartAff ) cEndAff = zStartAff[nEq];
    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;

    /* If we are doing a reverse order scan on an ascending index, or
    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the 
    ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
    */
    if( (nEq<pIdx->nKeyCol && bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC))
     || (bRev && pIdx->nKeyCol==nEq)
    ){
      SWAP(WhereTerm *, pRangeEnd, pRangeStart);
      SWAP(u8, bSeekPastNull, bStopAtNull);
    }

    testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeEnd && (pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeEnd && (pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
    startEq = !pRangeStart || pRangeStart->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
    endEq =   !pRangeEnd || pRangeEnd->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
    start_constraints = pRangeStart || nEq>0;

    /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeStart ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeStart);
      if( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( zStartAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zStartAff[nEq])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE){
          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
          ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
          zStartAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zStartAff[nEq]) ){
          zStartAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
      }  
      nConstraint++;
      testcase( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    }else if( bSeekPastNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      nConstraint++;
      startEq = 0;
      start_constraints = 1;
    }
    codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nConstraint - bSeekPastNull, zStartAff);
    op = aStartOp[(start_constraints<<2) + (startEq<<1) + bRev];
    assert( op!=0 );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Rewind);  testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Last);    testcase( op==OP_Last );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGT);  testcase( op==OP_SeekGT );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekGE );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLE );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLT);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLT );

    /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
    ** range (if any).
    */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, cEndAff)!=SQLITE_AFF_NONE
       && !sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, cEndAff)
      ){
        codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1, &cEndAff);
      }
      nConstraint++;
      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    }else if( bStopAtNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      endEq = 0;
      nConstraint++;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    if( nConstraint ){
      op = aEndOp[bRev*2 + endEq];
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
      testcase( op==OP_IdxGT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGT );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGE );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLT );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxLE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLE );
    }

    /* Seek the table cursor, if required */
    disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeStart);
    disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd);
    if( omitTable ){
      /* pIdx is a covering index.  No need to access the main table. */
    }else if( HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
      iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Seek, iCur, iRowidReg);  /* Deferred seek */
    }else if( iCur!=iIdxCur ){
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);
      iRowidReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pPk->nKeyCol);
      for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
        k = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, k, iRowidReg+j);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iCur, addrCont,
                           iRowidReg, pPk->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
    }

    /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. Disable 
    ** WHERE clause terms made redundant by the index range scan.
    */
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( bRev ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Prev;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
    }
    pLevel->p1 = iIdxCur;
    pLevel->p3 = (pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_UNQ_WANTED)!=0 ? 1:0;
    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_CONSTRAINT)==0 ){
      pLevel->p5 = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
    }else{
      assert( pLevel->p5==0 );
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
  if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR ){
    /* Case 5:  Two or more separately indexed terms connected by OR
    **
    ** Example:
    **
    **   CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d);
    **   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
    **   CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b);
    **   CREATE INDEX i3 ON t1(c);
    **
    **   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=5 OR b=7 OR (c=11 AND d=13)
    **
    ** In the example, there are three indexed terms connected by OR.
    ** The top of the loop looks like this:
    **
    **          Null       1                # Zero the rowset in reg 1
    **
    ** Then, for each indexed term, the following. The arguments to
    ** RowSetTest are such that the rowid of the current row is inserted
    ** into the RowSet. If it is already present, control skips the
    ** Gosub opcode and jumps straight to the code generated by WhereEnd().
    **
    **        sqlite3WhereBegin(<term>)
    **          RowSetTest                  # Insert rowid into rowset
    **          Gosub      2 A
    **        sqlite3WhereEnd()
    **
    ** Following the above, code to terminate the loop. Label A, the target
    ** of the Gosub above, jumps to the instruction right after the Goto.
    **
    **          Null       1                # Zero the rowset in reg 1
    **          Goto       B                # The loop is finished.
    **
    **       A: <loop body>                 # Return data, whatever.
    **
    **          Return     2                # Jump back to the Gosub
    **
    **       B: <after the loop>
    **
    ** Added 2014-05-26: If the table is a WITHOUT ROWID table, then
    ** use an ephemeral index instead of a RowSet to record the primary
    ** keys of the rows we have already seen.
    **
    */
    WhereClause *pOrWc;    /* The OR-clause broken out into subterms */
    SrcList *pOrTab;       /* Shortened table list or OR-clause generation */
    Index *pCov = 0;             /* Potential covering index (or NULL) */
    int iCovCur = pParse->nTab++;  /* Cursor used for index scans (if any) */

    int regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;           /* Register used with OP_Gosub */
    int regRowset = 0;                        /* Register for RowSet object */
    int regRowid = 0;                         /* Register holding rowid */
    int iLoopBody = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Start of loop body */
    int iRetInit;                             /* Address of regReturn init */
    int untestedTerms = 0;             /* Some terms not completely tested */
    int ii;                            /* Loop counter */
    u16 wctrlFlags;                    /* Flags for sub-WHERE clause */
    Expr *pAndExpr = 0;                /* An ".. AND (...)" expression */
    Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
   
    pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[0];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );
    assert( pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR );
    assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO)!=0 );
    pOrWc = &pTerm->u.pOrInfo->wc;
    pLevel->op = OP_Return;
    pLevel->p1 = regReturn;

    /* Set up a new SrcList in pOrTab containing the table being scanned
    ** by this loop in the a[0] slot and all notReady tables in a[1..] slots.
    ** This becomes the SrcList in the recursive call to sqlite3WhereBegin().
    */
    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ){
      int nNotReady;                 /* The number of notReady tables */
      struct SrcList_item *origSrc;     /* Original list of tables */
      nNotReady = pWInfo->nLevel - iLevel - 1;
      pOrTab = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db,
                            sizeof(*pOrTab)+ nNotReady*sizeof(pOrTab->a[0]));
      if( pOrTab==0 ) return notReady;
      pOrTab->nAlloc = (u8)(nNotReady + 1);
      pOrTab->nSrc = pOrTab->nAlloc;
      memcpy(pOrTab->a, pTabItem, sizeof(*pTabItem));
      origSrc = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
      for(k=1; k<=nNotReady; k++){
        memcpy(&pOrTab->a[k], &origSrc[pLevel[k].iFrom], sizeof(pOrTab->a[k]));
      }
    }else{
      pOrTab = pWInfo->pTabList;
    }

    /* Initialize the rowset register to contain NULL. An SQL NULL is 
    ** equivalent to an empty rowset.  Or, create an ephemeral index
    ** capable of holding primary keys in the case of a WITHOUT ROWID.
    **
    ** Also initialize regReturn to contain the address of the instruction 
    ** immediately following the OP_Return at the bottom of the loop. This
    ** is required in a few obscure LEFT JOIN cases where control jumps
    ** over the top of the loop into the body of it. In this case the 
    ** correct response for the end-of-loop code (the OP_Return) is to 
    ** fall through to the next instruction, just as an OP_Next does if
    ** called on an uninitialized cursor.
    */
    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
      if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
        regRowset = ++pParse->nMem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowset);
      }else{
        Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
        regRowset = pParse->nTab++;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, regRowset, pPk->nKeyCol);
        sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pPk);
      }
      regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
    }
    iRetInit = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regReturn);

    /* If the original WHERE clause is z of the form:  (x1 OR x2 OR ...) AND y
    ** Then for every term xN, evaluate as the subexpression: xN AND z
    ** That way, terms in y that are factored into the disjunction will
    ** be picked up by the recursive calls to sqlite3WhereBegin() below.
    **
    ** Actually, each subexpression is converted to "xN AND w" where w is
    ** the "interesting" terms of z - terms that did not originate in the
    ** ON or USING clause of a LEFT JOIN, and terms that are usable as 
    ** indices.
    **
    ** This optimization also only applies if the (x1 OR x2 OR ...) term
    ** is not contained in the ON clause of a LEFT JOIN.
    ** See ticket http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f2369304e4
    */
    if( pWC->nTerm>1 ){
      int iTerm;
      for(iTerm=0; iTerm<pWC->nTerm; iTerm++){
        Expr *pExpr = pWC->a[iTerm].pExpr;
        if( &pWC->a[iTerm] == pTerm ) continue;
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) continue;
        if( (pWC->a[iTerm].wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) continue;
        if( (pWC->a[iTerm].eOperator & WO_ALL)==0 ) continue;
        testcase( pWC->a[iTerm].wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO );
        pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        pAndExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pAndExpr, pExpr);
      }
      if( pAndExpr ){
        pAndExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, 0, pAndExpr, 0);
      }
    }

    /* Run a separate WHERE clause for each term of the OR clause.  After
    ** eliminating duplicates from other WHERE clauses, the action for each
    ** sub-WHERE clause is to to invoke the main loop body as a subroutine.
    */
    wctrlFlags =  WHERE_OMIT_OPEN_CLOSE
                | WHERE_FORCE_TABLE
                | WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY
                | WHERE_NO_AUTOINDEX;
    for(ii=0; ii<pOrWc->nTerm; ii++){
      WhereTerm *pOrTerm = &pOrWc->a[ii];
      if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCur || (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_AND)!=0 ){
        WhereInfo *pSubWInfo;           /* Info for single OR-term scan */
        Expr *pOrExpr = pOrTerm->pExpr; /* Current OR clause term */
        int j1 = 0;                     /* Address of jump operation */
        if( pAndExpr && !ExprHasProperty(pOrExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
          pAndExpr->pLeft = pOrExpr;
          pOrExpr = pAndExpr;
        }
        /* Loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
        WHERETRACE(0xffff, ("Subplan for OR-clause:\n"));
        pSubWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pOrTab, pOrExpr, 0, 0,
                                      wctrlFlags, iCovCur);
        assert( pSubWInfo || pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed );
        if( pSubWInfo ){
          WhereLoop *pSubLoop;
          int addrExplain = explainOneScan(
              pParse, pOrTab, &pSubWInfo->a[0], iLevel, pLevel->iFrom, 0
          );
          addScanStatus(v, pOrTab, &pSubWInfo->a[0], addrExplain);

          /* This is the sub-WHERE clause body.  First skip over
          ** duplicate rows from prior sub-WHERE clauses, and record the
          ** rowid (or PRIMARY KEY) for the current row so that the same
          ** row will be skipped in subsequent sub-WHERE clauses.
          */
          if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
            int r;
            int iSet = ((ii==pOrWc->nTerm-1)?-1:ii);
            if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
              r = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iCur, regRowid, 0);
              j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_RowSetTest, regRowset, 0, r,iSet);
              VdbeCoverage(v);
            }else{
              Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
              int nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
              int iPk;

              /* Read the PK into an array of temp registers. */
              r = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPk);
              for(iPk=0; iPk<nPk; iPk++){
                int iCol = pPk->aiColumn[iPk];
                sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, iCol, iCur, r+iPk, 0);
              }

              /* Check if the temp table already contains this key. If so,
              ** the row has already been included in the result set and
              ** can be ignored (by jumping past the Gosub below). Otherwise,
              ** insert the key into the temp table and proceed with processing
              ** the row.
              **
              ** Use some of the same optimizations as OP_RowSetTest: If iSet
              ** is zero, assume that the key cannot already be present in
              ** the temp table. And if iSet is -1, assume that there is no 
              ** need to insert the key into the temp table, as it will never 
              ** be tested for.  */ 
              if( iSet ){
                j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, regRowset, 0, r, nPk);
                VdbeCoverage(v);
              }
              if( iSet>=0 ){
                sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, r, nPk, regRowid);
                sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxInsert, regRowset, regRowid, 0);
                if( iSet ) sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
              }

              /* Release the array of temp registers */
              sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r, nPk);
            }
          }

          /* Invoke the main loop body as a subroutine */
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReturn, iLoopBody);

          /* Jump here (skipping the main loop body subroutine) if the
          ** current sub-WHERE row is a duplicate from prior sub-WHEREs. */
          if( j1 ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

          /* The pSubWInfo->untestedTerms flag means that this OR term
          ** contained one or more AND term from a notReady table.  The
          ** terms from the notReady table could not be tested and will
          ** need to be tested later.
          */
          if( pSubWInfo->untestedTerms ) untestedTerms = 1;

          /* If all of the OR-connected terms are optimized using the same
          ** index, and the index is opened using the same cursor number
          ** by each call to sqlite3WhereBegin() made by this loop, it may
          ** be possible to use that index as a covering index.
          **
          ** If the call to sqlite3WhereBegin() above resulted in a scan that
          ** uses an index, and this is either the first OR-connected term
          ** processed or the index is the same as that used by all previous
          ** terms, set pCov to the candidate covering index. Otherwise, set 
          ** pCov to NULL to indicate that no candidate covering index will 
          ** be available.
          */
          pSubLoop = pSubWInfo->a[0].pWLoop;
          assert( (pSubLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX)==0 );
          if( (pSubLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
           && (ii==0 || pSubLoop->u.btree.pIndex==pCov)
           && (HasRowid(pTab) || !IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pSubLoop->u.btree.pIndex))
          ){
            assert( pSubWInfo->a[0].iIdxCur==iCovCur );
            pCov = pSubLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
            wctrlFlags |= WHERE_REOPEN_IDX;
          }else{
            pCov = 0;
          }

          /* Finish the loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
          sqlite3WhereEnd(pSubWInfo);
        }
      }
    }
    pLevel->u.pCovidx = pCov;
    if( pCov ) pLevel->iIdxCur = iCovCur;
    if( pAndExpr ){
      pAndExpr->pLeft = 0;
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pAndExpr);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iRetInit, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v));
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pLevel->addrBrk);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLoopBody);

    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ) sqlite3StackFree(db, pOrTab);
    if( !untestedTerms ) disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */

  {
    /* Case 6:  There is no usable index.  We must do a complete
    **          scan of the entire table.
    */
    static const u8 aStep[] = { OP_Next, OP_Prev };
    static const u8 aStart[] = { OP_Rewind, OP_Last };
    assert( bRev==0 || bRev==1 );
    if( pTabItem->isRecursive ){
      /* Tables marked isRecursive have only a single row that is stored in
      ** a pseudo-cursor.  No need to Rewind or Next such cursors. */
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = aStep[bRev];
      pLevel->p1 = iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, aStart[bRev], iCur, addrBrk);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
      pLevel->p5 = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
    }
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
  pLevel->addrVisit = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
#endif

  /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
  ** computed using the current set of tables.
  */
  for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
    Expr *pE;
    int skipLikeAddr = 0;
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)!=0 ){
      testcase( pWInfo->untestedTerms==0
               && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY)!=0 );
      pWInfo->untestedTerms = 1;
      continue;
    }
    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
    assert( pE!=0 );
    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin && !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) ){
      continue;
    }
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKECOND ){
      assert( pLevel->iLikeRepCntr>0 );
      skipLikeAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, pLevel->iLikeRepCntr);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    if( skipLikeAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, skipLikeAddr);
    pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
  }

  /* Insert code to test for implied constraints based on transitivity
  ** of the "==" operator.
  **
  ** Example: If the WHERE clause contains "t1.a=t2.b" and "t2.b=123"
  ** and we are coding the t1 loop and the t2 loop has not yet coded,
  ** then we cannot use the "t1.a=t2.b" constraint, but we can code
  ** the implied "t1.a=123" constraint.
  */
  for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
    Expr *pE, *pEAlt;
    WhereTerm *pAlt;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->leftCursor!=iCur ) continue;
    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ) continue;
    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) );
    assert( (pTerm->prereqRight & pLevel->notReady)!=0 );
    pAlt = findTerm(pWC, iCur, pTerm->u.leftColumn, notReady,
                    WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_IS, 0);
    if( pAlt==0 ) continue;
    if( pAlt->wtFlags & (TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_EQ );
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN );
    VdbeModuleComment((v, "begin transitive constraint"));
    pEAlt = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pEAlt));
    if( pEAlt ){
      *pEAlt = *pAlt->pExpr;
      pEAlt->pLeft = pE->pLeft;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pEAlt, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3StackFree(db, pEAlt);
    }
  }

  /* For a LEFT OUTER JOIN, generate code that will record the fact that
  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.  
  */
  if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
    pLevel->addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "record LEFT JOIN hit"));
    sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
    for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=0; j<pWC->nTerm; j++, pTerm++){
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
      if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
      if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)!=0 ){
        assert( pWInfo->untestedTerms );
        continue;
      }
      assert( pTerm->pExpr );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTerm->pExpr, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
  }

  return pLevel->notReady;
}

#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
/*
** Print the content of a WhereTerm object
*/
static void whereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm){
  if( pTerm==0 ){
................................................................................
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
      WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
      if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE) ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
      }
    }
    whereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
    while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
      WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
      pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
      whereLoopDelete(db, p);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWInfo);
  }
................................................................................
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for a table of the join identified by
** pBuilder->pNew->iTab.  That table is guaranteed to be a virtual table.





















*/
static int whereLoopAddVirtual(
  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder,  /* WHERE clause information */
  Bitmask mExtra


){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;           /* WHERE analysis context */
  Parse *pParse;               /* The parsing context */
  WhereClause *pWC;            /* The WHERE clause */
  struct SrcList_item *pSrc;   /* The FROM clause term to search */
  Table *pTab;
  sqlite3 *db;
................................................................................
  int nConstraint;
  int seenIn = 0;              /* True if an IN operator is seen */
  int seenVar = 0;             /* True if a non-constant constraint is seen */
  int iPhase;                  /* 0: const w/o IN, 1: const, 2: no IN,  2: IN */
  WhereLoop *pNew;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;


  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
  db = pParse->db;
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  pSrc = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pNew->iTab];
  pTab = pSrc->pTab;
  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
  pIdxInfo = allocateIndexInfo(pParse, pWC, pSrc, pBuilder->pOrderBy);
  if( pIdxInfo==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  pNew->prereq = 0;
  pNew->rSetup = 0;
  pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE;
  pNew->nLTerm = 0;
  pNew->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
  pUsage = pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage;
................................................................................
      pTerm = &pWC->a[j];
      switch( iPhase ){
        case 0:    /* Constants without IN operator */
          pIdxCons->usable = 0;
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0 ){
            seenIn = 1;
          }
          if( pTerm->prereqRight!=0 ){
            seenVar = 1;
          }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)==0 ){
            pIdxCons->usable = 1;
          }
          break;
        case 1:    /* Constants with IN operators */
          assert( seenIn );
          pIdxCons->usable = (pTerm->prereqRight==0);
          break;
        case 2:    /* Variables without IN */
          assert( seenVar );
          pIdxCons->usable = (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)==0;
          break;
        default:   /* Variables with IN */
          assert( seenVar && seenIn );
................................................................................
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/*
** Add WhereLoop entries to handle OR terms.  This works for either
** btrees or virtual tables.
*/

static int whereLoopAddOr(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, Bitmask mExtra){



  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  WhereClause *pWC;
  WhereLoop *pNew;
  WhereTerm *pTerm, *pWCEnd;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int iCur;
  WhereClause tempWC;
................................................................................
          for(i=0; i<sSubBuild.pWC->nTerm; i++){
            whereTermPrint(&sSubBuild.pWC->a[i], i);
          }
        }
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
        if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
          rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(&sSubBuild, mExtra);
        }else
#endif
        {
          rc = whereLoopAddBtree(&sSubBuild, mExtra);
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          rc = whereLoopAddOr(&sSubBuild, mExtra);
        }
        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || sCur.n==0 );
        if( sCur.n==0 ){
          sSum.n = 0;
          break;
        }else if( once ){
          whereOrMove(&sSum, &sCur);
................................................................................
static int whereLoopAddAll(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  Bitmask mExtra = 0;
  Bitmask mPrior = 0;
  int iTab;
  SrcList *pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;

  sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;
  int nTabList = pWInfo->nLevel;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  u8 priorJoinType = 0;
  WhereLoop *pNew;


  /* Loop over the tables in the join, from left to right */
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  whereLoopInit(pNew);
  for(iTab=0, pItem=pTabList->a; iTab<nTabList; iTab++, pItem++){

    pNew->iTab = iTab;
    pNew->maskSelf = getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pItem->iCursor);
    if( ((pItem->jointype|priorJoinType) & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){


      mExtra = mPrior;
    }
    priorJoinType = pItem->jointype;
    if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){






      rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(pBuilder, mExtra);
    }else{
      rc = whereLoopAddBtree(pBuilder, mExtra);
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = whereLoopAddOr(pBuilder, mExtra);
    }
    mPrior |= pNew->maskSelf;
    if( rc || db->mallocFailed ) break;
  }

  whereLoopClear(db, pNew);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Examine a WherePath (with the addition of the extra WhereLoop of the 5th
** parameters) to see if it outputs rows in the requested ORDER BY
................................................................................
    ** loops.
    */
    for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
      if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
      pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
      if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) continue;
      if( pOBExpr->iTable!=iCur ) continue;
      pTerm = findTerm(&pWInfo->sWC, iCur, pOBExpr->iColumn,
                       ~ready, WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS, 0);
      if( pTerm==0 ) continue;
      if( (pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0 && pOBExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
        const char *z1, *z2;
        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
        z1 = pColl->zName;
................................................................................
    if( isOrderDistinct ){
      orderDistinctMask |= pLoop->maskSelf;
      for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
        Expr *p;
        Bitmask mTerm;
        if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
        p = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
        mTerm = exprTableUsage(&pWInfo->sMaskSet,p);
        if( mTerm==0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(p) ) continue;
        if( (mTerm&~orderDistinctMask)==0 ){
          obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
        }
      }
    }
  } /* End the loop over all WhereLoops from outer-most down to inner-most */
................................................................................
  
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE ) return 0;
  assert( pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc>=1 );
  pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
  pTab = pItem->pTab;
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
  if( pItem->zIndex ) return 0;
  iCur = pItem->iCursor;
  pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  pLoop = pBuilder->pNew;
  pLoop->wsFlags = 0;
  pLoop->nSkip = 0;
  pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, 0, WO_EQ|WO_IS, 0);
  if( pTerm ){
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    pLoop->wsFlags = WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_IPK|WHERE_ONEROW;
    pLoop->aLTerm[0] = pTerm;
    pLoop->nLTerm = 1;
    pLoop->u.btree.nEq = 1;
    /* TUNING: Cost of a rowid lookup is 10 */
................................................................................
      assert( pLoop->aLTermSpace==pLoop->aLTerm );
      if( !IsUniqueIndex(pIdx)
       || pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0 
       || pIdx->nKeyCol>ArraySize(pLoop->aLTermSpace) 
      ) continue;
      opMask = pIdx->uniqNotNull ? (WO_EQ|WO_IS) : WO_EQ;
      for(j=0; j<pIdx->nKeyCol; j++){
        pTerm = findTerm(pWC, iCur, pIdx->aiColumn[j], 0, opMask, pIdx);
        if( pTerm==0 ) break;
        testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
        pLoop->aLTerm[j] = pTerm;
      }
      if( j!=pIdx->nKeyCol ) continue;
      pLoop->wsFlags = WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_ONEROW|WHERE_INDEXED;
      if( pIdx->isCovering || (pItem->colUsed & ~columnsInIndex(pIdx))==0 ){
................................................................................
      pLoop->rRun = 39;  /* 39==sqlite3LogEst(15) */
      break;
    }
  }
  if( pLoop->wsFlags ){
    pLoop->nOut = (LogEst)1;
    pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop = pLoop;
    pLoop->maskSelf = getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
    pWInfo->a[0].iTabCur = iCur;
    pWInfo->nRowOut = 1;
    if( pWInfo->pOrderBy ) pWInfo->nOBSat =  pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr;
    if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
................................................................................
  sWLB.pNew->cId = '*';
#endif

  /* Split the WHERE clause into separate subexpressions where each
  ** subexpression is separated by an AND operator.
  */
  initMaskSet(pMaskSet);
  whereClauseInit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWInfo);
  whereSplit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
    
  /* Special case: a WHERE clause that is constant.  Evaluate the
  ** expression and either jump over all of the code or fall thru.
  */
  for(ii=0; ii<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; ii++){
    if( nTabList==0 || sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr) ){
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr, pWInfo->iBreak,
................................................................................
  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
  }
#ifndef NDEBUG
  {
    Bitmask toTheLeft = 0;
    for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
      Bitmask m = getMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
      assert( (m-1)==toTheLeft );
      toTheLeft |= m;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Analyze all of the subexpressions.  Note that exprAnalyze() might
  ** add new virtual terms onto the end of the WHERE clause.  We do not
  ** want to analyze these virtual terms, so start analyzing at the end
  ** and work forward so that the added virtual terms are never processed.
  */
  exprAnalyzeAll(pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    goto whereBeginError;
  }

  if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
    if( isDistinctRedundant(pParse, pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC, pResultSet) ){
      /* The DISTINCT marking is pointless.  Ignore it. */
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }else if( pOrderBy==0 ){
      /* Try to ORDER BY the result set to make distinct processing easier */
................................................................................
      pWInfo->pOrderBy = pResultSet;
    }
  }

  /* Construct the WhereLoop objects */
  WHERETRACE(0xffff,("*** Optimizer Start ***\n"));
#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
  /* Display all terms of the WHERE clause */
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100 ){
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; i++){
      whereTermPrint(&sWLB.pWC->a[i], i);
    }
  }
#endif

  if( nTabList!=1 || whereShortCut(&sWLB)==0 ){
    rc = whereLoopAddAll(&sWLB);
    if( rc ) goto whereBeginError;
  
    /* Display all of the WhereLoop objects if wheretrace is enabled */
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* !=0 */
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
      WhereLoop *p;
      int i;
      static char zLabel[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz"
                                       "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ";
      for(p=pWInfo->pLoops, i=0; p; p=p->pNextLoop, i++){
        p->cId = zLabel[i%sizeof(zLabel)];
        whereLoopPrint(p, sWLB.pWC);
      }
    }
#endif
  
................................................................................
  }
  if( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0 && (db->flags & SQLITE_ReverseOrder)!=0 ){
     pWInfo->revMask = (Bitmask)(-1);
  }
  if( pParse->nErr || NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ){
    goto whereBeginError;
  }
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* !=0 */
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- Solution nRow=%d", pWInfo->nRowOut);
    if( pWInfo->nOBSat>0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" ORDERBY=%d,0x%llx", pWInfo->nOBSat, pWInfo->revMask);
    }
    switch( pWInfo->eDistinct ){
      case WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE: {
................................................................................
  }
#endif
  /* Attempt to omit tables from the join that do not effect the result */
  if( pWInfo->nLevel>=2
   && pResultSet!=0
   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin)
  ){
    Bitmask tabUsed = exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);

    if( sWLB.pOrderBy ) tabUsed |= exprListTableUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);

    while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
      WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
      pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
      if( (pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) break;
      if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)==0
       && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
      ){
................................................................................
  }
  WHERETRACE(0xffff,("*** Optimizer Finished ***\n"));
  pWInfo->pParse->nQueryLoop += pWInfo->nRowOut;

  /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
  ** to use a one-pass algorithm, determine if this is appropriate.
  ** The one-pass algorithm only works if the WHERE clause constrains
  ** the statement to update a single row.
  */
  assert( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 || pWInfo->nLevel==1 );
  if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 
   && (pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)!=0 ){
    pWInfo->okOnePass = 1;
    if( HasRowid(pTabList->a[0].pTab) ){
      pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
    }
  }

  /* Open all tables in the pTabList and any indices selected for
  ** searching those tables.
  */
  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
  for(ii=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; ii<nTabList; ii++, pLevel++){
    Table *pTab;     /* Table to open */
    int iDb;         /* Index of database containing table/index */
    struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;

    pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
................................................................................
        ){
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_SEEKEQ); /* Hint to COMDB2 */
        }
        VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIx->zName));
      }
    }
    if( iDb>=0 ) sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);
    notReady &= ~getMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pTabItem->iCursor);
  }
  pWInfo->iTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;

  /* Generate the code to do the search.  Each iteration of the for
  ** loop below generates code for a single nested loop of the VM
  ** program.
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
    if( (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX)!=0 ){
      constructAutomaticIndex(pParse, &pWInfo->sWC,
                &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom], notReady, pLevel);
      if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
    }
#endif
    addrExplain = explainOneScan(
        pParse, pTabList, pLevel, ii, pLevel->iFrom, wctrlFlags
    );
    pLevel->addrBody = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    notReady = codeOneLoopStart(pWInfo, ii, notReady);
    pWInfo->iContinue = pLevel->addrCont;
    if( (wsFlags&WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 && (wctrlFlags&WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY)==0 ){
      addScanStatus(v, pTabList, pLevel, addrExplain);
    }
  }

  /* Done. */
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-core"));
  return pWInfo;









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345
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388
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390
...
422
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428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
...
753
754
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756
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762
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764
765
766
767
...
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
...
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
....
1547
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1550
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1554
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....
2665
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2695

2696
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....
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2734
....
2750
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2772
....
2857
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2871
2872
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2875
....
2920
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2931
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2933
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2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
....
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997

2998

2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
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3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
....
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
....
3268
3269
3270
3271
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3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
....
3741
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3761
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3766
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3780
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3787
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3981
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3995
3996
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....
4090
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....
4121
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4138
....
4155
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4175

4176
4177
4178
4179
4180
4181
4182
....
4257
4258
4259
4260
4261
4262
4263

4264
4265
4266
4267
4268
4269
4270
....
4278
4279
4280
4281
4282
4283
4284
4285
4286
4287
4288
4289
4290
4291
4292
4293
4294
4295
4296
4297
4298
4299

** generating the code that loops through a table looking for applicable
** rows.  Indices are selected and used to speed the search when doing
** so is applicable.  Because this module is responsible for selecting
** indices, you might also think of this module as the "query optimizer".
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "whereInt.h"

/* Forward declaration of methods */
static int whereLoopResize(sqlite3*, WhereLoop*, int);

/* Test variable that can be set to enable WHERE tracing */
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/***/ int sqlite3WhereTrace = 0;
#endif


/*
** Return the estimated number of output rows from a WHERE clause
*/
u64 sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo *pWInfo){
  return sqlite3LogEstToInt(pWInfo->nRowOut);
}
................................................................................
whereOrInsert_done:
  p->prereq = prereq;
  p->rRun = rRun;
  if( p->nOut>nOut ) p->nOut = nOut;
  return 1;
}

/*
















































































































































** Return the bitmask for the given cursor number.  Return 0 if
** iCursor is not in the set.
*/
Bitmask sqlite3WhereGetMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
  int i;
  assert( pMaskSet->n<=(int)sizeof(Bitmask)*8 );
  for(i=0; i<pMaskSet->n; i++){
    if( pMaskSet->ix[i]==iCursor ){
      return MASKBIT(i);
    }
  }
................................................................................
** array will never overflow.
*/
static void createMask(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, int iCursor){
  assert( pMaskSet->n < ArraySize(pMaskSet->ix) );
  pMaskSet->ix[pMaskSet->n++] = iCursor;
}







































































































































/*
** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
** Return NULL if there are no more matching WhereTerms.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
  int iCur;            /* The cursor on the LHS of the term */
................................................................................
** If there are multiple terms in the WHERE clause of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** then try for the one with no dependencies on <expr> - in other words where
** <expr> is a constant expression of some kind.  Only return entries of
** the form "X <op> Y" where Y is a column in another table if no terms of
** the form "X <op> <const-expr>" exist.   If no terms with a constant RHS
** exist, try to return a term that does not use WO_EQUIV.
*/
WhereTerm *sqlite3WhereFindTerm(
  WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
  int iCur,             /* Cursor number of LHS */
  int iColumn,          /* Column number of LHS */
  Bitmask notReady,     /* RHS must not overlap with this mask */
  u32 op,               /* Mask of WO_xx values describing operator */
  Index *pIdx           /* Must be compatible with this index, if not NULL */
){
................................................................................
      if( pResult==0 ) pResult = p;
    }
    p = whereScanNext(&scan);
  }
  return pResult;
}














































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































/*
** This function searches pList for an entry that matches the iCol-th column
** of index pIdx.
**
** If such an expression is found, its index in pList->a[] is returned. If
** no expression is found, -1 is returned.
*/
................................................................................
  return -1;
}

/*
** Return true if the DISTINCT expression-list passed as the third argument
** is redundant.
**
** A DISTINCT list is redundant if any subset of the columns in the
** DISTINCT list are collectively unique and individually non-null.
*/
static int isDistinctRedundant(
  Parse *pParse,            /* Parsing context */
  SrcList *pTabList,        /* The FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,         /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pDistinct       /* The result set that needs to be DISTINCT */
){
................................................................................
  **   3. All of those index columns for which the WHERE clause does not
  **      contain a "col=X" term are subject to a NOT NULL constraint.
  */
  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
    if( !IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ) continue;
    for(i=0; i<pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
      i16 iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
      if( 0==sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iBase, iCol, ~(Bitmask)0, WO_EQ, pIdx) ){
        int iIdxCol = findIndexCol(pParse, pDistinct, iBase, pIdx, i);
        if( iIdxCol<0 || pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull==0 ){
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if( i==pIdx->nKeyCol ){
................................................................................
** Allocate and populate an sqlite3_index_info structure. It is the 
** responsibility of the caller to eventually release the structure
** by passing the pointer returned by this function to sqlite3_free().
*/
static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
  Parse *pParse,
  WhereClause *pWC,
  Bitmask mUnusable,              /* Ignore terms with these prereqs */
  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,
  ExprList *pOrderBy
){
  int i, j;
  int nTerm;
  struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pIdxCons;
  struct sqlite3_index_orderby *pIdxOrderBy;
................................................................................
  int nOrderBy;
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;

  /* Count the number of possible WHERE clause constraints referring
  ** to this virtual table */
  for(i=nTerm=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
    if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;
    if( pTerm->prereqRight & mUnusable ) continue;
    assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
................................................................................
  *(struct sqlite3_index_orderby**)&pIdxInfo->aOrderBy = pIdxOrderBy;
  *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage =
                                                                   pUsage;

  for(i=j=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
    u8 op;
    if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;
    if( pTerm->prereqRight & mUnusable ) continue;
    assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
................................................................................
    WHERETRACE(0x10,("IN row estimate: est=%d\n", nRowEst));
  }
  assert( pBuilder->nRecValid==nRecValid );
  return rc;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */











































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
/*
** Print the content of a WhereTerm object
*/
static void whereTermPrint(WhereTerm *pTerm, int iTerm){
  if( pTerm==0 ){
................................................................................
    int i;
    for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
      WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
      if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE) ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
      }
    }
    sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
    while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
      WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
      pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
      whereLoopDelete(db, p);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWInfo);
  }
................................................................................
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for a table of the join identified by
** pBuilder->pNew->iTab.  That table is guaranteed to be a virtual table.
**
** If there are no LEFT or CROSS JOIN joins in the query, both mExtra and
** mUnusable are set to 0. Otherwise, mExtra is a mask of all FROM clause
** entries that occur before the virtual table in the FROM clause and are
** separated from it by at least one LEFT or CROSS JOIN. Similarly, the
** mUnusable mask contains all FROM clause entries that occur after the
** virtual table and are separated from it by at least one LEFT or 
** CROSS JOIN. 
**
** For example, if the query were:
**
**   ... FROM t1, t2 LEFT JOIN t3, t4, vt CROSS JOIN t5, t6;
**
** then mExtra corresponds to (t1, t2) and mUnusable to (t5, t6).
**
** All the tables in mExtra must be scanned before the current virtual 
** table. So any terms for which all prerequisites are satisfied by 
** mExtra may be specified as "usable" in all calls to xBestIndex. 
** Conversely, all tables in mUnusable must be scanned after the current
** virtual table, so any terms for which the prerequisites overlap with
** mUnusable should always be configured as "not-usable" for xBestIndex.
*/
static int whereLoopAddVirtual(
  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder,  /* WHERE clause information */

  Bitmask mExtra,              /* Tables that must be scanned before this one */
  Bitmask mUnusable            /* Tables that must be scanned after this one */
){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;           /* WHERE analysis context */
  Parse *pParse;               /* The parsing context */
  WhereClause *pWC;            /* The WHERE clause */
  struct SrcList_item *pSrc;   /* The FROM clause term to search */
  Table *pTab;
  sqlite3 *db;
................................................................................
  int nConstraint;
  int seenIn = 0;              /* True if an IN operator is seen */
  int seenVar = 0;             /* True if a non-constant constraint is seen */
  int iPhase;                  /* 0: const w/o IN, 1: const, 2: no IN,  2: IN */
  WhereLoop *pNew;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  assert( (mExtra & mUnusable)==0 );
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
  db = pParse->db;
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  pSrc = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pNew->iTab];
  pTab = pSrc->pTab;
  assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
  pIdxInfo = allocateIndexInfo(pParse, pWC, mUnusable, pSrc,pBuilder->pOrderBy);
  if( pIdxInfo==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  pNew->prereq = 0;
  pNew->rSetup = 0;
  pNew->wsFlags = WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE;
  pNew->nLTerm = 0;
  pNew->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
  pUsage = pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage;
................................................................................
      pTerm = &pWC->a[j];
      switch( iPhase ){
        case 0:    /* Constants without IN operator */
          pIdxCons->usable = 0;
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)!=0 ){
            seenIn = 1;
          }
          if( (pTerm->prereqRight & ~mExtra)!=0 ){
            seenVar = 1;
          }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)==0 ){
            pIdxCons->usable = 1;
          }
          break;
        case 1:    /* Constants with IN operators */
          assert( seenIn );
          pIdxCons->usable = (pTerm->prereqRight & ~mExtra)==0;
          break;
        case 2:    /* Variables without IN */
          assert( seenVar );
          pIdxCons->usable = (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)==0;
          break;
        default:   /* Variables with IN */
          assert( seenVar && seenIn );
................................................................................
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/*
** Add WhereLoop entries to handle OR terms.  This works for either
** btrees or virtual tables.
*/
static int whereLoopAddOr(
  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, 
  Bitmask mExtra, 
  Bitmask mUnusable
){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  WhereClause *pWC;
  WhereLoop *pNew;
  WhereTerm *pTerm, *pWCEnd;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int iCur;
  WhereClause tempWC;
................................................................................
          for(i=0; i<sSubBuild.pWC->nTerm; i++){
            whereTermPrint(&sSubBuild.pWC->a[i], i);
          }
        }
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
        if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
          rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(&sSubBuild, mExtra, mUnusable);
        }else
#endif
        {
          rc = whereLoopAddBtree(&sSubBuild, mExtra);
        }
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          rc = whereLoopAddOr(&sSubBuild, mExtra, mUnusable);
        }
        assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || sCur.n==0 );
        if( sCur.n==0 ){
          sSum.n = 0;
          break;
        }else if( once ){
          whereOrMove(&sSum, &sCur);
................................................................................
static int whereLoopAddAll(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  Bitmask mExtra = 0;
  Bitmask mPrior = 0;
  int iTab;
  SrcList *pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  struct SrcList_item *pEnd = &pTabList->a[pWInfo->nLevel];
  sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  WhereLoop *pNew;
  u8 priorJointype = 0;

  /* Loop over the tables in the join, from left to right */
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  whereLoopInit(pNew);
  for(iTab=0, pItem=pTabList->a; pItem<pEnd; iTab++, pItem++){
    Bitmask mUnusable = 0;
    pNew->iTab = iTab;
    pNew->maskSelf = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pItem->iCursor);
    if( ((pItem->jointype|priorJointype) & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){
      /* This condition is true when pItem is the FROM clause term on the
      ** right-hand-side of a LEFT or CROSS JOIN.  */
      mExtra = mPrior;
    }
    priorJointype = pItem->jointype;
    if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
      struct SrcList_item *p;
      for(p=&pItem[1]; p<pEnd; p++){
        if( mUnusable || (p->jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS)) ){
          mUnusable |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, p->iCursor);
        }
      }
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(pBuilder, mExtra, mUnusable);
    }else{
      rc = whereLoopAddBtree(pBuilder, mExtra);
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = whereLoopAddOr(pBuilder, mExtra, mUnusable);
    }
    mPrior |= pNew->maskSelf;
    if( rc || db->mallocFailed ) break;
  }

  whereLoopClear(db, pNew);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Examine a WherePath (with the addition of the extra WhereLoop of the 5th
** parameters) to see if it outputs rows in the requested ORDER BY
................................................................................
    ** loops.
    */
    for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
      if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
      pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
      if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) continue;
      if( pOBExpr->iTable!=iCur ) continue;
      pTerm = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(&pWInfo->sWC, iCur, pOBExpr->iColumn,
                       ~ready, WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS, 0);
      if( pTerm==0 ) continue;
      if( (pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0 && pOBExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
        const char *z1, *z2;
        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
        z1 = pColl->zName;
................................................................................
    if( isOrderDistinct ){
      orderDistinctMask |= pLoop->maskSelf;
      for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
        Expr *p;
        Bitmask mTerm;
        if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
        p = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
        mTerm = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(&pWInfo->sMaskSet,p);
        if( mTerm==0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(p) ) continue;
        if( (mTerm&~orderDistinctMask)==0 ){
          obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
        }
      }
    }
  } /* End the loop over all WhereLoops from outer-most down to inner-most */
................................................................................
  
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE ) return 0;
  assert( pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc>=1 );
  pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
  pTab = pItem->pTab;
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
  if( pItem->zIndexedBy ) return 0;
  iCur = pItem->iCursor;
  pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  pLoop = pBuilder->pNew;
  pLoop->wsFlags = 0;
  pLoop->nSkip = 0;
  pTerm = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, 0, WO_EQ|WO_IS, 0);
  if( pTerm ){
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
    pLoop->wsFlags = WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_IPK|WHERE_ONEROW;
    pLoop->aLTerm[0] = pTerm;
    pLoop->nLTerm = 1;
    pLoop->u.btree.nEq = 1;
    /* TUNING: Cost of a rowid lookup is 10 */
................................................................................
      assert( pLoop->aLTermSpace==pLoop->aLTerm );
      if( !IsUniqueIndex(pIdx)
       || pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0 
       || pIdx->nKeyCol>ArraySize(pLoop->aLTermSpace) 
      ) continue;
      opMask = pIdx->uniqNotNull ? (WO_EQ|WO_IS) : WO_EQ;
      for(j=0; j<pIdx->nKeyCol; j++){
        pTerm = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, pIdx->aiColumn[j], 0, opMask, pIdx);
        if( pTerm==0 ) break;
        testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
        pLoop->aLTerm[j] = pTerm;
      }
      if( j!=pIdx->nKeyCol ) continue;
      pLoop->wsFlags = WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_ONEROW|WHERE_INDEXED;
      if( pIdx->isCovering || (pItem->colUsed & ~columnsInIndex(pIdx))==0 ){
................................................................................
      pLoop->rRun = 39;  /* 39==sqlite3LogEst(15) */
      break;
    }
  }
  if( pLoop->wsFlags ){
    pLoop->nOut = (LogEst)1;
    pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop = pLoop;
    pLoop->maskSelf = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
    pWInfo->a[0].iTabCur = iCur;
    pWInfo->nRowOut = 1;
    if( pWInfo->pOrderBy ) pWInfo->nOBSat =  pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr;
    if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
................................................................................
  sWLB.pNew->cId = '*';
#endif

  /* Split the WHERE clause into separate subexpressions where each
  ** subexpression is separated by an AND operator.
  */
  initMaskSet(pMaskSet);
  sqlite3WhereClauseInit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWInfo);
  sqlite3WhereSplit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
    
  /* Special case: a WHERE clause that is constant.  Evaluate the
  ** expression and either jump over all of the code or fall thru.
  */
  for(ii=0; ii<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; ii++){
    if( nTabList==0 || sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr) ){
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr, pWInfo->iBreak,
................................................................................
  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
  }
#ifndef NDEBUG
  {
    Bitmask toTheLeft = 0;
    for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
      Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
      assert( (m-1)==toTheLeft );
      toTheLeft |= m;
    }
  }
#endif

  /* Analyze all of the subexpressions. */




  sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;



  if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
    if( isDistinctRedundant(pParse, pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC, pResultSet) ){
      /* The DISTINCT marking is pointless.  Ignore it. */
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }else if( pOrderBy==0 ){
      /* Try to ORDER BY the result set to make distinct processing easier */
................................................................................
      pWInfo->pOrderBy = pResultSet;
    }
  }

  /* Construct the WhereLoop objects */
  WHERETRACE(0xffff,("*** Optimizer Start ***\n"));
#if defined(WHERETRACE_ENABLED)
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x100 ){ /* Display all terms of the WHERE clause */

    int i;
    for(i=0; i<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; i++){
      whereTermPrint(&sWLB.pWC->a[i], i);
    }
  }
#endif

  if( nTabList!=1 || whereShortCut(&sWLB)==0 ){
    rc = whereLoopAddAll(&sWLB);
    if( rc ) goto whereBeginError;
  

#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){    /* Display all of the WhereLoop objects */
      WhereLoop *p;
      int i;
      static const char zLabel[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz"
                                             "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ";
      for(p=pWInfo->pLoops, i=0; p; p=p->pNextLoop, i++){
        p->cId = zLabel[i%sizeof(zLabel)];
        whereLoopPrint(p, sWLB.pWC);
      }
    }
#endif
  
................................................................................
  }
  if( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0 && (db->flags & SQLITE_ReverseOrder)!=0 ){
     pWInfo->revMask = (Bitmask)(-1);
  }
  if( pParse->nErr || NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ){
    goto whereBeginError;
  }
#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("---- Solution nRow=%d", pWInfo->nRowOut);
    if( pWInfo->nOBSat>0 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(" ORDERBY=%d,0x%llx", pWInfo->nOBSat, pWInfo->revMask);
    }
    switch( pWInfo->eDistinct ){
      case WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE: {
................................................................................
  }
#endif
  /* Attempt to omit tables from the join that do not effect the result */
  if( pWInfo->nLevel>=2
   && pResultSet!=0
   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin)
  ){
    Bitmask tabUsed = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);
    if( sWLB.pOrderBy ){
      tabUsed |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);
    }
    while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
      WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
      pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
      if( (pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) break;
      if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)==0
       && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
      ){
................................................................................
  }
  WHERETRACE(0xffff,("*** Optimizer Finished ***\n"));
  pWInfo->pParse->nQueryLoop += pWInfo->nRowOut;

  /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
  ** to use a one-pass algorithm, determine if this is appropriate.
  ** The one-pass algorithm only works if the WHERE clause constrains
  ** the statement to update or delete a single row.
  */
  assert( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 || pWInfo->nLevel==1 );
  if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 
   && (pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)!=0 ){
    pWInfo->okOnePass = 1;
    if( HasRowid(pTabList->a[0].pTab) ){
      pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags &= ~WHERE_IDX_ONLY;
    }
  }

  /* Open all tables in the pTabList and any indices selected for
  ** searching those tables.
  */

  for(ii=0, pLevel=pWInfo->a; ii<nTabList; ii++, pLevel++){
    Table *pTab;     /* Table to open */
    int iDb;         /* Index of database containing table/index */
    struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;

    pTabItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
................................................................................
        ){
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_SEEKEQ); /* Hint to COMDB2 */
        }
        VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIx->zName));
      }
    }
    if( iDb>=0 ) sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, iDb);

  }
  pWInfo->iTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;

  /* Generate the code to do the search.  Each iteration of the for
  ** loop below generates code for a single nested loop of the VM
  ** program.
................................................................................
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
    if( (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX)!=0 ){
      constructAutomaticIndex(pParse, &pWInfo->sWC,
                &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom], notReady, pLevel);
      if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
    }
#endif
    addrExplain = sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
        pParse, pTabList, pLevel, ii, pLevel->iFrom, wctrlFlags
    );
    pLevel->addrBody = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    notReady = sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(pWInfo, ii, notReady);
    pWInfo->iContinue = pLevel->addrCont;
    if( (wsFlags&WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 && (wctrlFlags&WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY)==0 ){
      sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(v, pTabList, pLevel, addrExplain);
    }
  }

  /* Done. */
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-core"));
  return pWInfo;

Changes to src/whereInt.h. 

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** a separate source file for easier editing.
*/

/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/***/ int sqlite3WhereTrace = 0;
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
    && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
# define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
#else
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)
................................................................................
*/
#define N_OR_COST 3
struct WhereOrSet {
  u16 n;                      /* Number of valid a[] entries */
  WhereOrCost a[N_OR_COST];   /* Set of best costs */
};


/* Forward declaration of methods */
static int whereLoopResize(sqlite3*, WhereLoop*, int);

/*
** Each instance of this object holds a sequence of WhereLoop objects
** that implement some or all of a query plan.
**
** Think of each WhereLoop object as a node in a graph with arcs
** showing dependencies and costs for travelling between nodes.  (That is
** not a completely accurate description because WhereLoop costs are a
................................................................................
** no gaps.
*/
struct WhereMaskSet {
  int n;                        /* Number of assigned cursor values */
  int ix[BMS];                  /* Cursor assigned to each bit */
};






/*
** This object is a convenience wrapper holding all information needed
** to construct WhereLoop objects for a particular query.
*/
struct WhereLoopBuilder {
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;        /* Information about this WHERE */
  WhereClause *pWC;         /* WHERE clause terms */
................................................................................
  int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
  int savedNQueryLoop;      /* pParse->nQueryLoop outside the WHERE loop */
  int aiCurOnePass[2];      /* OP_OpenWrite cursors for the ONEPASS opt */
  WhereMaskSet sMaskSet;    /* Map cursor numbers to bitmasks */
  WhereClause sWC;          /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
  WhereLevel a[1];          /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
};

























































/*
** Bitmasks for the operators on WhereTerm objects.  These are all
** operators that are of interest to the query planner.  An
** OR-ed combination of these values can be used when searching for
** particular WhereTerms within a WhereClause.
*/








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** a separate source file for easier editing.
*/

/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
/***/ int sqlite3WhereTrace;
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) \
    && (defined(SQLITE_TEST) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE))
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)  if(sqlite3WhereTrace&(K)) sqlite3DebugPrintf X
# define WHERETRACE_ENABLED 1
#else
# define WHERETRACE(K,X)
................................................................................
*/
#define N_OR_COST 3
struct WhereOrSet {
  u16 n;                      /* Number of valid a[] entries */
  WhereOrCost a[N_OR_COST];   /* Set of best costs */
};





/*
** Each instance of this object holds a sequence of WhereLoop objects
** that implement some or all of a query plan.
**
** Think of each WhereLoop object as a node in a graph with arcs
** showing dependencies and costs for travelling between nodes.  (That is
** not a completely accurate description because WhereLoop costs are a
................................................................................
** no gaps.
*/
struct WhereMaskSet {
  int n;                        /* Number of assigned cursor values */
  int ix[BMS];                  /* Cursor assigned to each bit */
};

/*
** Initialize a WhereMaskSet object
*/
#define initMaskSet(P)  (P)->n=0

/*
** This object is a convenience wrapper holding all information needed
** to construct WhereLoop objects for a particular query.
*/
struct WhereLoopBuilder {
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;        /* Information about this WHERE */
  WhereClause *pWC;         /* WHERE clause terms */
................................................................................
  int iBreak;               /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
  int savedNQueryLoop;      /* pParse->nQueryLoop outside the WHERE loop */
  int aiCurOnePass[2];      /* OP_OpenWrite cursors for the ONEPASS opt */
  WhereMaskSet sMaskSet;    /* Map cursor numbers to bitmasks */
  WhereClause sWC;          /* Decomposition of the WHERE clause */
  WhereLevel a[1];          /* Information about each nest loop in WHERE */
};

/*
** Private interfaces - callable only by other where.c routines.
**
** where.c:
*/
Bitmask sqlite3WhereGetMask(WhereMaskSet*,int);
WhereTerm *sqlite3WhereFindTerm(
  WhereClause *pWC,     /* The WHERE clause to be searched */
  int iCur,             /* Cursor number of LHS */
  int iColumn,          /* Column number of LHS */
  Bitmask notReady,     /* RHS must not overlap with this mask */
  u32 op,               /* Mask of WO_xx values describing operator */
  Index *pIdx           /* Must be compatible with this index, if not NULL */
);

/* wherecode.c: */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  int iLevel,                     /* Value for "level" column of output */
  int iFrom,                      /* Value for "from" column of output */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
);
#else
# define sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(u,v,w,x,y,z) 0
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
  Vdbe *v,                        /* Vdbe to add scanstatus entry to */
  SrcList *pSrclist,              /* FROM clause pLvl reads data from */
  WhereLevel *pLvl,               /* Level to add scanstatus() entry for */
  int addrExplain                 /* Address of OP_Explain (or 0) */
);
#else
# define sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(a, b, c, d) ((void)d)
#endif
Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
  int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
  Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
);

/* whereexpr.c: */
void sqlite3WhereClauseInit(WhereClause*,WhereInfo*);
void sqlite3WhereClauseClear(WhereClause*);
void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause*,Expr*,u8);
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsage(WhereMaskSet*, Expr*);
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(WhereMaskSet*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*);





/*
** Bitmasks for the operators on WhereTerm objects.  These are all
** operators that are of interest to the query planner.  An
** OR-ed combination of these values can be used when searching for
** particular WhereTerms within a WhereClause.
*/

Added src/wherecode.c. 





























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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/*
** 2015-06-06
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.
**
** This file was split off from where.c on 2015-06-06 in order to reduce the
** size of where.c and make it easier to edit.  This file contains the routines
** that actually generate the bulk of the WHERE loop code.  The original where.c
** file retains the code that does query planning and analysis.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "whereInt.h"

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
/*
** This routine is a helper for explainIndexRange() below
**
** pStr holds the text of an expression that we are building up one term
** at a time.  This routine adds a new term to the end of the expression.
** Terms are separated by AND so add the "AND" text for second and subsequent
** terms only.
*/
static void explainAppendTerm(
  StrAccum *pStr,             /* The text expression being built */
  int iTerm,                  /* Index of this term.  First is zero */
  const char *zColumn,        /* Name of the column */
  const char *zOp             /* Name of the operator */
){
  if( iTerm ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, " AND ", 5);
  sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(pStr, zColumn);
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, zOp, 1);
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, "?", 1);
}

/*
** Argument pLevel describes a strategy for scanning table pTab. This 
** function appends text to pStr that describes the subset of table
** rows scanned by the strategy in the form of an SQL expression.
**
** For example, if the query:
**
**   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=1 AND b>2;
**
** is run and there is an index on (a, b), then this function returns a
** string similar to:
**
**   "a=? AND b>?"
*/
static void explainIndexRange(StrAccum *pStr, WhereLoop *pLoop, Table *pTab){
  Index *pIndex = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  u16 nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  u16 nSkip = pLoop->nSkip;
  int i, j;
  Column *aCol = pTab->aCol;
  i16 *aiColumn = pIndex->aiColumn;

  if( nEq==0 && (pLoop->wsFlags&(WHERE_BTM_LIMIT|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT))==0 ) return;
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, " (", 2);
  for(i=0; i<nEq; i++){
    char *z = aiColumn[i] < 0 ? "rowid" : aCol[aiColumn[i]].zName;
    if( i>=nSkip ){
      explainAppendTerm(pStr, i, z, "=");
    }else{
      if( i ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, " AND ", 5);
      sqlite3XPrintf(pStr, 0, "ANY(%s)", z);
    }
  }

  j = i;
  if( pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
    char *z = aiColumn[j] < 0 ? "rowid" : aCol[aiColumn[j]].zName;
    explainAppendTerm(pStr, i++, z, ">");
  }
  if( pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
    char *z = aiColumn[j] < 0 ? "rowid" : aCol[aiColumn[j]].zName;
    explainAppendTerm(pStr, i, z, "<");
  }
  sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pStr, ")", 1);
}

/*
** This function is a no-op unless currently processing an EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
** command, or if either SQLITE_DEBUG or SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS was
** defined at compile-time. If it is not a no-op, a single OP_Explain opcode 
** is added to the output to describe the table scan strategy in pLevel.
**
** If an OP_Explain opcode is added to the VM, its address is returned.
** Otherwise, if no OP_Explain is coded, zero is returned.
*/
int sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
  Parse *pParse,                  /* Parse context */
  SrcList *pTabList,              /* Table list this loop refers to */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,             /* Scan to write OP_Explain opcode for */
  int iLevel,                     /* Value for "level" column of output */
  int iFrom,                      /* Value for "from" column of output */
  u16 wctrlFlags                  /* Flags passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() */
){
  int ret = 0;
#if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
  if( pParse->explain==2 )
#endif
  {
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
    Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* VM being constructed */
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;     /* Database handle */
    int iId = pParse->iSelectId;  /* Select id (left-most output column) */
    int isSearch;                 /* True for a SEARCH. False for SCAN. */
    WhereLoop *pLoop;             /* The controlling WhereLoop object */
    u32 flags;                    /* Flags that describe this loop */
    char *zMsg;                   /* Text to add to EQP output */
    StrAccum str;                 /* EQP output string */
    char zBuf[100];               /* Initial space for EQP output string */

    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
    flags = pLoop->wsFlags;
    if( (flags&WHERE_MULTI_OR) || (wctrlFlags&WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY) ) return 0;

    isSearch = (flags&(WHERE_BTM_LIMIT|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT))!=0
            || ((flags&WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 && (pLoop->u.btree.nEq>0))
            || (wctrlFlags&(WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN|WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX));

    sqlite3StrAccumInit(&str, db, zBuf, sizeof(zBuf), SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH);
    sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&str, isSearch ? "SEARCH" : "SCAN");
    if( pItem->pSelect ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " SUBQUERY %d", pItem->iSelectId);
    }else{
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " TABLE %s", pItem->zName);
    }

    if( pItem->zAlias ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " AS %s", pItem->zAlias);
    }
    if( (flags & (WHERE_IPK|WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE))==0 ){
      const char *zFmt = 0;
      Index *pIdx;

      assert( pLoop->u.btree.pIndex!=0 );
      pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
      assert( !(flags&WHERE_AUTO_INDEX) || (flags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY) );
      if( !HasRowid(pItem->pTab) && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx) ){
        if( isSearch ){
          zFmt = "PRIMARY KEY";
        }
      }else if( flags & WHERE_PARTIALIDX ){
        zFmt = "AUTOMATIC PARTIAL COVERING INDEX";
      }else if( flags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX ){
        zFmt = "AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX";
      }else if( flags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY ){
        zFmt = "COVERING INDEX %s";
      }else{
        zFmt = "INDEX %s";
      }
      if( zFmt ){
        sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&str, " USING ", 7);
        sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, zFmt, pIdx->zName);
        explainIndexRange(&str, pLoop, pItem->pTab);
      }
    }else if( (flags & WHERE_IPK)!=0 && (flags & WHERE_CONSTRAINT)!=0 ){
      const char *zRange;
      if( flags&(WHERE_COLUMN_EQ|WHERE_COLUMN_IN) ){
        zRange = "(rowid=?)";
      }else if( (flags&WHERE_BOTH_LIMIT)==WHERE_BOTH_LIMIT ){
        zRange = "(rowid>? AND rowid<?)";
      }else if( flags&WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
        zRange = "(rowid>?)";
      }else{
        assert( flags&WHERE_TOP_LIMIT);
        zRange = "(rowid<?)";
      }
      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&str, " USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY ");
      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&str, zRange);
    }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    else if( (flags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX %d:%s",
                  pLoop->u.vtab.idxNum, pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr);
    }
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS
    if( pLoop->nOut>=10 ){
      sqlite3XPrintf(&str, 0, " (~%llu rows)", sqlite3LogEstToInt(pLoop->nOut));
    }else{
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&str, " (~1 row)", 9);
    }
#endif
    zMsg = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&str);
    ret = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Explain, iId, iLevel, iFrom, zMsg,P4_DYNAMIC);
  }
  return ret;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
/*
** Configure the VM passed as the first argument with an
** sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus() entry corresponding to the scan used to 
** implement level pLvl. Argument pSrclist is a pointer to the FROM 
** clause that the scan reads data from.
**
** If argument addrExplain is not 0, it must be the address of an 
** OP_Explain instruction that describes the same loop.
*/
void sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(
  Vdbe *v,                        /* Vdbe to add scanstatus entry to */
  SrcList *pSrclist,              /* FROM clause pLvl reads data from */
  WhereLevel *pLvl,               /* Level to add scanstatus() entry for */
  int addrExplain                 /* Address of OP_Explain (or 0) */
){
  const char *zObj = 0;
  WhereLoop *pLoop = pLvl->pWLoop;
  if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0  &&  pLoop->u.btree.pIndex!=0 ){
    zObj = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->zName;
  }else{
    zObj = pSrclist->a[pLvl->iFrom].zName;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeScanStatus(
      v, addrExplain, pLvl->addrBody, pLvl->addrVisit, pLoop->nOut, zObj
  );
}
#endif


/*
** Disable a term in the WHERE clause.  Except, do not disable the term
** if it controls a LEFT OUTER JOIN and it did not originate in the ON
** or USING clause of that join.
**
** Consider the term t2.z='ok' in the following queries:
**
**   (1)  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.x WHERE t2.z='ok'
**   (2)  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.x AND t2.z='ok'
**   (3)  SELECT * FROM t1, t2 WHERE t1.a=t2.x AND t2.z='ok'
**
** The t2.z='ok' is disabled in the in (2) because it originates
** in the ON clause.  The term is disabled in (3) because it is not part
** of a LEFT OUTER JOIN.  In (1), the term is not disabled.
**
** Disabling a term causes that term to not be tested in the inner loop
** of the join.  Disabling is an optimization.  When terms are satisfied
** by indices, we disable them to prevent redundant tests in the inner
** loop.  We would get the correct results if nothing were ever disabled,
** but joins might run a little slower.  The trick is to disable as much
** as we can without disabling too much.  If we disabled in (1), we'd get
** the wrong answer.  See ticket #813.
**
** If all the children of a term are disabled, then that term is also
** automatically disabled.  In this way, terms get disabled if derived
** virtual terms are tested first.  For example:
**
**      x GLOB 'abc*' AND x>='abc' AND x<'acd'
**      \___________/     \______/     \_____/
**         parent          child1       child2
**
** Only the parent term was in the original WHERE clause.  The child1
** and child2 terms were added by the LIKE optimization.  If both of
** the virtual child terms are valid, then testing of the parent can be 
** skipped.
**
** Usually the parent term is marked as TERM_CODED.  But if the parent
** term was originally TERM_LIKE, then the parent gets TERM_LIKECOND instead.
** The TERM_LIKECOND marking indicates that the term should be coded inside
** a conditional such that is only evaluated on the second pass of a
** LIKE-optimization loop, when scanning BLOBs instead of strings.
*/
static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
  int nLoop = 0;
  while( pTerm
      && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0
      && (pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 || ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
      && (pLevel->notReady & pTerm->prereqAll)==0
  ){
    if( nLoop && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKE)!=0 ){
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_LIKECOND;
    }else{
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
    if( pTerm->iParent<0 ) break;
    pTerm = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
    pTerm->nChild--;
    if( pTerm->nChild!=0 ) break;
    nLoop++;
  }
}

/*
** Code an OP_Affinity opcode to apply the column affinity string zAff
** to the n registers starting at base. 
**
** As an optimization, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB entries (which are no-ops) at the
** beginning and end of zAff are ignored.  If all entries in zAff are
** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, then no code gets generated.
**
** This routine makes its own copy of zAff so that the caller is free
** to modify zAff after this routine returns.
*/
static void codeApplyAffinity(Parse *pParse, int base, int n, char *zAff){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  if( zAff==0 ){
    assert( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    return;
  }
  assert( v!=0 );

  /* Adjust base and n to skip over SQLITE_AFF_BLOB entries at the beginning
  ** and end of the affinity string.
  */
  while( n>0 && zAff[0]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
    n--;
    base++;
    zAff++;
  }
  while( n>1 && zAff[n-1]==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
    n--;
  }

  /* Code the OP_Affinity opcode if there is anything left to do. */
  if( n>0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Affinity, base, n);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, zAff, n);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, base, n);
  }
}


/*
** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
** coded.
**
** The current value for the constraint is left in register iReg.
**
** For a constraint of the form X=expr, the expression is evaluated and its
** result is left on the stack.  For constraints of the form X IN (...)
** this routine sets up a loop that will iterate over all values of X.
*/
static int codeEqualityTerm(
  Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context */
  WhereTerm *pTerm,   /* The term of the WHERE clause to be coded */
  WhereLevel *pLevel, /* The level of the FROM clause we are working on */
  int iEq,            /* Index of the equality term within this level */
  int bRev,           /* True for reverse-order IN operations */
  int iTarget         /* Attempt to leave results in this register */
){
  Expr *pX = pTerm->pExpr;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int iReg;                  /* Register holding results */

  assert( iTarget>0 );
  if( pX->op==TK_EQ || pX->op==TK_IS ){
    iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pX->pRight, iTarget);
  }else if( pX->op==TK_ISNULL ){
    iReg = iTarget;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iReg);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  }else{
    int eType;
    int iTab;
    struct InLoop *pIn;
    WhereLoop *pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;

    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0
      && pLoop->u.btree.pIndex!=0
      && pLoop->u.btree.pIndex->aSortOrder[iEq]
    ){
      testcase( iEq==0 );
      testcase( bRev );
      bRev = !bRev;
    }
    assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
    iReg = iTarget;
    eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0);
    if( eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC ){
      testcase( bRev );
      bRev = !bRev;
    }
    iTab = pX->iTable;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iTab, 0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, !bRev);
    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR)==0 );
    pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_IN_ABLE;
    if( pLevel->u.in.nIn==0 ){
      pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    }
    pLevel->u.in.nIn++;
    pLevel->u.in.aInLoop =
       sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pParse->db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop,
                              sizeof(pLevel->u.in.aInLoop[0])*pLevel->u.in.nIn);
    pIn = pLevel->u.in.aInLoop;
    if( pIn ){
      pIn += pLevel->u.in.nIn - 1;
      pIn->iCur = iTab;
      if( eType==IN_INDEX_ROWID ){
        pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iTab, iReg);
      }else{
        pIn->addrInTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, 0, iReg);
      }
      pIn->eEndLoopOp = bRev ? OP_PrevIfOpen : OP_NextIfOpen;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IsNull, iReg); VdbeCoverage(v);
    }else{
      pLevel->u.in.nIn = 0;
    }
#endif
  }
  disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
  return iReg;
}

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate all == and IN constraints for an
** index scan.
**
** For example, consider table t1(a,b,c,d,e,f) with index i1(a,b,c).
** Suppose the WHERE clause is this:  a==5 AND b IN (1,2,3) AND c>5 AND c<10
** The index has as many as three equality constraints, but in this
** example, the third "c" value is an inequality.  So only two 
** constraints are coded.  This routine will generate code to evaluate
** a==5 and b IN (1,2,3).  The current values for a and b will be stored
** in consecutive registers and the index of the first register is returned.
**
** In the example above nEq==2.  But this subroutine works for any value
** of nEq including 0.  If nEq==0, this routine is nearly a no-op.
** The only thing it does is allocate the pLevel->iMem memory cell and
** compute the affinity string.
**
** The nExtraReg parameter is 0 or 1.  It is 0 if all WHERE clause constraints
** are == or IN and are covered by the nEq.  nExtraReg is 1 if there is
** an inequality constraint (such as the "c>=5 AND c<10" in the example) that
** occurs after the nEq quality constraints.
**
** This routine allocates a range of nEq+nExtraReg memory cells and returns
** the index of the first memory cell in that range. The code that
** calls this routine will use that memory range to store keys for
** start and termination conditions of the loop.
** key value of the loop.  If one or more IN operators appear, then
** this routine allocates an additional nEq memory cells for internal
** use.
**
** Before returning, *pzAff is set to point to a buffer containing a
** copy of the column affinity string of the index allocated using
** sqlite3DbMalloc(). Except, entries in the copy of the string associated
** with equality constraints that use BLOB or NONE affinity are set to
** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB. This is to deal with SQL such as the following:
**
**   CREATE TABLE t1(a TEXT PRIMARY KEY, b);
**   SELECT ... FROM t1 AS t2, t1 WHERE t1.a = t2.b;
**
** In the example above, the index on t1(a) has TEXT affinity. But since
** the right hand side of the equality constraint (t2.b) has BLOB/NONE affinity,
** no conversion should be attempted before using a t2.b value as part of
** a key to search the index. Hence the first byte in the returned affinity
** string in this example would be set to SQLITE_AFF_BLOB.
*/
static int codeAllEqualityTerms(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,   /* Which nested loop of the FROM we are coding */
  int bRev,             /* Reverse the order of IN operators */
  int nExtraReg,        /* Number of extra registers to allocate */
  char **pzAff          /* OUT: Set to point to affinity string */
){
  u16 nEq;                      /* The number of == or IN constraints to code */
  u16 nSkip;                    /* Number of left-most columns to skip */
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;      /* The vm under construction */
  Index *pIdx;                  /* The index being used for this loop */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;             /* A single constraint term */
  WhereLoop *pLoop;             /* The WhereLoop object */
  int j;                        /* Loop counter */
  int regBase;                  /* Base register */
  int nReg;                     /* Number of registers to allocate */
  char *zAff;                   /* Affinity string to return */

  /* This module is only called on query plans that use an index. */
  pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
  assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
  nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  nSkip = pLoop->nSkip;
  pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  assert( pIdx!=0 );

  /* Figure out how many memory cells we will need then allocate them.
  */
  regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
  nReg = pLoop->u.btree.nEq + nExtraReg;
  pParse->nMem += nReg;

  zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx));
  if( !zAff ){
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }

  if( nSkip ){
    int iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (bRev?OP_Last:OP_Rewind), iIdxCur);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    VdbeComment((v, "begin skip-scan on %s", pIdx->zName));
    j = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
    pLevel->addrSkip = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, (bRev?OP_SeekLT:OP_SeekGT),
                            iIdxCur, 0, regBase, nSkip);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j);
    for(j=0; j<nSkip; j++){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, j, regBase+j);
      assert( pIdx->aiColumn[j]>=0 );
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pIdx->pTable->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[j]].zName));
    }
  }    

  /* Evaluate the equality constraints
  */
  assert( zAff==0 || (int)strlen(zAff)>=nEq );
  for(j=nSkip; j<nEq; j++){
    int r1;
    pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );
    /* The following testcase is true for indices with redundant columns. 
    ** Ex: CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a,b,a); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 AND b=0; */
    testcase( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)!=0 );
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    r1 = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, j, bRev, regBase+j);
    if( r1!=regBase+j ){
      if( nReg==1 ){
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regBase);
        regBase = r1;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, r1, regBase+j);
      }
    }
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
    testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN );
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IN))==0 ){
      Expr *pRight = pTerm->pExpr->pRight;
      if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_IS)==0 && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight) ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+j, pLevel->addrBrk);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( zAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zAff[j])==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB ){
          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zAff[j]) ){
          zAff[j] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  *pzAff = zAff;
  return regBase;
}

/*
** If the most recently coded instruction is a constant range contraint
** that originated from the LIKE optimization, then change the P3 to be
** pLoop->iLikeRepCntr and set P5.
**
** The LIKE optimization trys to evaluate "x LIKE 'abc%'" as a range
** expression: "x>='ABC' AND x<'abd'".  But this requires that the range
** scan loop run twice, once for strings and a second time for BLOBs.
** The OP_String opcodes on the second pass convert the upper and lower
** bound string contants to blobs.  This routine makes the necessary changes
** to the OP_String opcodes for that to happen.
*/
static void whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(
  Vdbe *v,                /* prepared statement under construction */
  WhereLevel *pLevel,     /* The loop that contains the LIKE operator */
  WhereTerm *pTerm        /* The upper or lower bound just coded */
){
  if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT ){
    VdbeOp *pOp;
    assert( pLevel->iLikeRepCntr>0 );
    pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
    assert( pOp!=0 );
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_String8 
            || pTerm->pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    pOp->p3 = pLevel->iLikeRepCntr;
    pOp->p5 = 1;
  }
}


/*
** Generate code for the start of the iLevel-th loop in the WHERE clause
** implementation described by pWInfo.
*/
Bitmask sqlite3WhereCodeOneLoopStart(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo,   /* Complete information about the WHERE clause */
  int iLevel,          /* Which level of pWInfo->a[] should be coded */
  Bitmask notReady     /* Which tables are currently available */
){
  int j, k;            /* Loop counters */
  int iCur;            /* The VDBE cursor for the table */
  int addrNxt;         /* Where to jump to continue with the next IN case */
  int omitTable;       /* True if we use the index only */
  int bRev;            /* True if we need to scan in reverse order */
  WhereLevel *pLevel;  /* The where level to be coded */
  WhereLoop *pLoop;    /* The WhereLoop object being coded */
  WhereClause *pWC;    /* Decomposition of the entire WHERE clause */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;               /* A WHERE clause term */
  Parse *pParse;                  /* Parsing context */
  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database connection */
  Vdbe *v;                        /* The prepared stmt under constructions */
  struct SrcList_item *pTabItem;  /* FROM clause term being coded */
  int addrBrk;                    /* Jump here to break out of the loop */
  int addrCont;                   /* Jump here to continue with next cycle */
  int iRowidReg = 0;        /* Rowid is stored in this register, if not zero */
  int iReleaseReg = 0;      /* Temp register to free before returning */

  pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
  v = pParse->pVdbe;
  pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  db = pParse->db;
  pLevel = &pWInfo->a[iLevel];
  pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
  pTabItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
  pLevel->notReady = notReady & ~sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCur);
  bRev = (pWInfo->revMask>>iLevel)&1;
  omitTable = (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
           && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE)==0;
  VdbeModuleComment((v, "Begin WHERE-loop%d: %s",iLevel,pTabItem->pTab->zName));

  /* Create labels for the "break" and "continue" instructions
  ** for the current loop.  Jump to addrBrk to break out of a loop.
  ** Jump to cont to go immediately to the next iteration of the
  ** loop.
  **
  ** When there is an IN operator, we also have a "addrNxt" label that
  ** means to continue with the next IN value combination.  When
  ** there are no IN operators in the constraints, the "addrNxt" label
  ** is the same as "addrBrk".
  */
  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

  /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
  ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
  ** row of the left table of the join.
  */
  if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
  }

  /* Special case of a FROM clause subquery implemented as a co-routine */
  if( pTabItem->viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    pLevel->p2 =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regYield, addrBrk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "next row of \"%s\"", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
    pLevel->op = OP_Goto;
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if(  (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)!=0 ){
    /* Case 1:  The table is a virtual-table.  Use the VFilter and VNext
    **          to access the data.
    */
    int iReg;   /* P3 Value for OP_VFilter */
    int addrNotFound;
    int nConstraint = pLoop->nLTerm;

    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
    iReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nConstraint+2);
    addrNotFound = pLevel->addrBrk;
    for(j=0; j<nConstraint; j++){
      int iTarget = iReg+j+2;
      pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[j];
      if( pTerm==0 ) continue;
      if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
        codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, j, bRev, iTarget);
        addrNotFound = pLevel->addrNxt;
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pTerm->pExpr->pRight, iTarget);
      }
    }
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, pLoop->u.vtab.idxNum, iReg);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, nConstraint, iReg+1);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VFilter, iCur, addrNotFound, iReg,
                      pLoop->u.vtab.idxStr,
                      pLoop->u.vtab.needFree ? P4_MPRINTF : P4_STATIC);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    pLoop->u.vtab.needFree = 0;
    for(j=0; j<nConstraint && j<16; j++){
      if( (pLoop->u.vtab.omitMask>>j)&1 ){
        disableTerm(pLevel, pLoop->aLTerm[j]);
      }
    }
    pLevel->op = OP_VNext;
    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, iReg, nConstraint+2);
    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

  if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IPK)!=0
   && (pLoop->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_COLUMN_EQ))!=0
  ){
    /* Case 2:  We can directly reference a single row using an
    **          equality comparison against the ROWID field.  Or
    **          we reference multiple rows using a "rowid IN (...)"
    **          construct.
    */
    assert( pLoop->u.btree.nEq==1 );
    pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[0];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );
    assert( pTerm->pExpr!=0 );
    assert( omitTable==0 );
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    iReleaseReg = ++pParse->nMem;
    iRowidReg = codeEqualityTerm(pParse, pTerm, pLevel, 0, bRev, iReleaseReg);
    if( iRowidReg!=iReleaseReg ) sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, iReleaseReg);
    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_MustBeInt, iRowidReg, addrNxt); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_NotExists, iCur, addrNxt, iRowidReg);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, iRowidReg, 1);
    sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
    VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
    pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
  }else if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IPK)!=0
         && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE)!=0
  ){
    /* Case 3:  We have an inequality comparison against the ROWID field.
    */
    int testOp = OP_Noop;
    int start;
    int memEndValue = 0;
    WhereTerm *pStart, *pEnd;

    assert( omitTable==0 );
    j = 0;
    pStart = pEnd = 0;
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ) pStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ) pEnd = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
    assert( pStart!=0 || pEnd!=0 );
    if( bRev ){
      pTerm = pStart;
      pStart = pEnd;
      pEnd = pTerm;
    }
    if( pStart ){
      Expr *pX;             /* The expression that defines the start bound */
      int r1, rTemp;        /* Registers for holding the start boundary */

      /* The following constant maps TK_xx codes into corresponding 
      ** seek opcodes.  It depends on a particular ordering of TK_xx
      */
      const u8 aMoveOp[] = {
           /* TK_GT */  OP_SeekGT,
           /* TK_LE */  OP_SeekLE,
           /* TK_LT */  OP_SeekLT,
           /* TK_GE */  OP_SeekGE
      };
      assert( TK_LE==TK_GT+1 );      /* Make sure the ordering.. */
      assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );      /*  ... of the TK_xx values... */
      assert( TK_GE==TK_GT+3 );      /*  ... is correcct. */

      assert( (pStart->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );
      testcase( pStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      pX = pStart->pExpr;
      assert( pX!=0 );
      testcase( pStart->leftCursor!=iCur ); /* transitive constraints */
      r1 = sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(pParse, pX->pRight, &rTemp);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, aMoveOp[pX->op-TK_GT], iCur, addrBrk, r1);
      VdbeComment((v, "pk"));
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_GT);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_LE);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_LT);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, pX->op==TK_GE);
      sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, r1, 1);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, rTemp);
      disableTerm(pLevel, pStart);
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, bRev ? OP_Last : OP_Rewind, iCur, addrBrk);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
    }
    if( pEnd ){
      Expr *pX;
      pX = pEnd->pExpr;
      assert( pX!=0 );
      assert( (pEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );
      testcase( pEnd->leftCursor!=iCur ); /* Transitive constraints */
      testcase( pEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      memEndValue = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pX->pRight, memEndValue);
      if( pX->op==TK_LT || pX->op==TK_GT ){
        testOp = bRev ? OP_Le : OP_Ge;
      }else{
        testOp = bRev ? OP_Lt : OP_Gt;
      }
      disableTerm(pLevel, pEnd);
    }
    start = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    pLevel->op = bRev ? OP_Prev : OP_Next;
    pLevel->p1 = iCur;
    pLevel->p2 = start;
    assert( pLevel->p5==0 );
    if( testOp!=OP_Noop ){
      iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCur, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, testOp, memEndValue, addrBrk, iRowidReg);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Le);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Lt);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Ge);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, testOp==OP_Gt);
      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC | SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    }
  }else if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED ){
    /* Case 4: A scan using an index.
    **
    **         The WHERE clause may contain zero or more equality 
    **         terms ("==" or "IN" operators) that refer to the N
    **         left-most columns of the index. It may also contain
    **         inequality constraints (>, <, >= or <=) on the indexed
    **         column that immediately follows the N equalities. Only 
    **         the right-most column can be an inequality - the rest must
    **         use the "==" and "IN" operators. For example, if the 
    **         index is on (x,y,z), then the following clauses are all 
    **         optimized:
    **
    **            x=5
    **            x=5 AND y=10
    **            x=5 AND y<10
    **            x=5 AND y>5 AND y<10
    **            x=5 AND y=5 AND z<=10
    **
    **         The z<10 term of the following cannot be used, only
    **         the x=5 term:
    **
    **            x=5 AND z<10
    **
    **         N may be zero if there are inequality constraints.
    **         If there are no inequality constraints, then N is at
    **         least one.
    **
    **         This case is also used when there are no WHERE clause
    **         constraints but an index is selected anyway, in order
    **         to force the output order to conform to an ORDER BY.
    */  
    static const u8 aStartOp[] = {
      0,
      0,
      OP_Rewind,           /* 2: (!start_constraints && startEq &&  !bRev) */
      OP_Last,             /* 3: (!start_constraints && startEq &&   bRev) */
      OP_SeekGT,           /* 4: (start_constraints  && !startEq && !bRev) */
      OP_SeekLT,           /* 5: (start_constraints  && !startEq &&  bRev) */
      OP_SeekGE,           /* 6: (start_constraints  &&  startEq && !bRev) */
      OP_SeekLE            /* 7: (start_constraints  &&  startEq &&  bRev) */
    };
    static const u8 aEndOp[] = {
      OP_IdxGE,            /* 0: (end_constraints && !bRev && !endEq) */
      OP_IdxGT,            /* 1: (end_constraints && !bRev &&  endEq) */
      OP_IdxLE,            /* 2: (end_constraints &&  bRev && !endEq) */
      OP_IdxLT,            /* 3: (end_constraints &&  bRev &&  endEq) */
    };
    u16 nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;     /* Number of == or IN terms */
    int regBase;                 /* Base register holding constraint values */
    WhereTerm *pRangeStart = 0;  /* Inequality constraint at range start */
    WhereTerm *pRangeEnd = 0;    /* Inequality constraint at range end */
    int startEq;                 /* True if range start uses ==, >= or <= */
    int endEq;                   /* True if range end uses ==, >= or <= */
    int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
    Index *pIdx;                 /* The index we will be using */
    int iIdxCur;                 /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
    int nExtraReg = 0;           /* Number of extra registers needed */
    int op;                      /* Instruction opcode */
    char *zStartAff;             /* Affinity for start of range constraint */
    char cEndAff = 0;            /* Affinity for end of range constraint */
    u8 bSeekPastNull = 0;        /* True to seek past initial nulls */
    u8 bStopAtNull = 0;          /* Add condition to terminate at NULLs */

    pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
    iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    assert( nEq>=pLoop->nSkip );

    /* If this loop satisfies a sort order (pOrderBy) request that 
    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
    ** query, then the caller will only allow the loop to run for
    ** a single iteration. This means that the first row returned
    ** should not have a NULL value stored in 'x'. If column 'x' is
    ** the first one after the nEq equality constraints in the index,
    ** this requires some special handling.
    */
    assert( pWInfo->pOrderBy==0
         || pWInfo->pOrderBy->nExpr==1
         || (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)==0 );
    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags&WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN)!=0
     && pWInfo->nOBSat>0
     && (pIdx->nKeyCol>nEq)
    ){
      assert( pLoop->nSkip==0 );
      bSeekPastNull = 1;
      nExtraReg = 1;
    }

    /* Find any inequality constraint terms for the start and end 
    ** of the range. 
    */
    j = nEq;
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
      pRangeStart = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
      nExtraReg = 1;
      /* Like optimization range constraints always occur in pairs */
      assert( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)==0 || 
              (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)!=0 );
    }
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT ){
      pRangeEnd = pLoop->aLTerm[j++];
      nExtraReg = 1;
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT)!=0 ){
        assert( pRangeStart!=0 );                     /* LIKE opt constraints */
        assert( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_LIKEOPT );   /* occur in pairs */
        pLevel->iLikeRepCntr = ++pParse->nMem;
        testcase( bRev );
        testcase( pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_DESC );
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
                          bRev ^ (pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_DESC),
                          pLevel->iLikeRepCntr);
        VdbeComment((v, "LIKE loop counter"));
        pLevel->addrLikeRep = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
      }
      if( pRangeStart==0
       && (j = pIdx->aiColumn[nEq])>=0 
       && pIdx->pTable->aCol[j].notNull==0
      ){
        bSeekPastNull = 1;
      }
    }
    assert( pRangeEnd==0 || (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );

    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
    ** starting at regBase.
    */
    regBase = codeAllEqualityTerms(pParse,pLevel,bRev,nExtraReg,&zStartAff);
    assert( zStartAff==0 || sqlite3Strlen30(zStartAff)>=nEq );
    if( zStartAff ) cEndAff = zStartAff[nEq];
    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;

    /* If we are doing a reverse order scan on an ascending index, or
    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the 
    ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
    */
    if( (nEq<pIdx->nKeyCol && bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC))
     || (bRev && pIdx->nKeyCol==nEq)
    ){
      SWAP(WhereTerm *, pRangeEnd, pRangeStart);
      SWAP(u8, bSeekPastNull, bStopAtNull);
    }

    testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeStart && (pRangeStart->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeEnd && (pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_LE)!=0 );
    testcase( pRangeEnd && (pRangeEnd->eOperator & WO_GE)!=0 );
    startEq = !pRangeStart || pRangeStart->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
    endEq =   !pRangeEnd || pRangeEnd->eOperator & (WO_LE|WO_GE);
    start_constraints = pRangeStart || nEq>0;

    /* Seek the index cursor to the start of the range. */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeStart ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeStart->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeStart);
      if( (pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( zStartAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zStartAff[nEq])==SQLITE_AFF_BLOB){
          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
          ** SQLITE_AFF_BLOB.  */
          zStartAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zStartAff[nEq]) ){
          zStartAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
        }
      }  
      nConstraint++;
      testcase( pRangeStart->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    }else if( bSeekPastNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      nConstraint++;
      startEq = 0;
      start_constraints = 1;
    }
    codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nConstraint - bSeekPastNull, zStartAff);
    op = aStartOp[(start_constraints<<2) + (startEq<<1) + bRev];
    assert( op!=0 );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Rewind);  testcase( op==OP_Rewind );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_Last);    testcase( op==OP_Last );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGT);  testcase( op==OP_SeekGT );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekGE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekGE );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLE);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLE );
    VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_SeekLT);  testcase( op==OP_SeekLT );

    /* Load the value for the inequality constraint at the end of the
    ** range (if any).
    */
    nConstraint = nEq;
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      whereLikeOptimizationStringFixup(v, pLevel, pRangeEnd);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0
       && sqlite3ExprCanBeNull(pRight)
      ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
      }
      if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, cEndAff)!=SQLITE_AFF_BLOB
       && !sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, cEndAff)
      ){
        codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1, &cEndAff);
      }
      nConstraint++;
      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    }else if( bStopAtNull ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
      endEq = 0;
      nConstraint++;
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    if( nConstraint ){
      op = aEndOp[bRev*2 + endEq];
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, op, iIdxCur, addrNxt, regBase, nConstraint);
      testcase( op==OP_IdxGT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGT );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxGE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxGE );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxLT );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLT );
      testcase( op==OP_IdxLE );  VdbeCoverageIf(v, op==OP_IdxLE );
    }

    /* Seek the table cursor, if required */
    disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeStart);
    disableTerm(pLevel, pRangeEnd);
    if( omitTable ){
      /* pIdx is a covering index.  No need to access the main table. */
    }else if( HasRowid(pIdx->pTable) ){
      iRowidReg = ++pParse->nMem;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxRowid, iIdxCur, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3ExprCacheStore(pParse, iCur, -1, iRowidReg);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Seek, iCur, iRowidReg);  /* Deferred seek */
    }else if( iCur!=iIdxCur ){
      Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pIdx->pTable);
      iRowidReg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, pPk->nKeyCol);
      for(j=0; j<pPk->nKeyCol; j++){
        k = sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(pIdx, pPk->aiColumn[j]);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iIdxCur, k, iRowidReg+j);
      }
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, iCur, addrCont,
                           iRowidReg, pPk->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
    }

    /* Record the instruction used to terminate the loop. Disable 
    ** WHERE clause terms made redundant by the index range scan.
    */
    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else if( bRev ){
      pLevel->op = OP_Prev;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = OP_Next;
    }
    pLevel->p1 = iIdxCur;
    pLevel->p3 = (pLoop->wsFlags&WHERE_UNQ_WANTED)!=0 ? 1:0;
    if( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_CONSTRAINT)==0 ){
      pLevel->p5 = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
    }else{
      assert( pLevel->p5==0 );
    }
  }else

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
  if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR ){
    /* Case 5:  Two or more separately indexed terms connected by OR
    **
    ** Example:
    **
    **   CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d);
    **   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
    **   CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b);
    **   CREATE INDEX i3 ON t1(c);
    **
    **   SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=5 OR b=7 OR (c=11 AND d=13)
    **
    ** In the example, there are three indexed terms connected by OR.
    ** The top of the loop looks like this:
    **
    **          Null       1                # Zero the rowset in reg 1
    **
    ** Then, for each indexed term, the following. The arguments to
    ** RowSetTest are such that the rowid of the current row is inserted
    ** into the RowSet. If it is already present, control skips the
    ** Gosub opcode and jumps straight to the code generated by WhereEnd().
    **
    **        sqlite3WhereBegin(<term>)
    **          RowSetTest                  # Insert rowid into rowset
    **          Gosub      2 A
    **        sqlite3WhereEnd()
    **
    ** Following the above, code to terminate the loop. Label A, the target
    ** of the Gosub above, jumps to the instruction right after the Goto.
    **
    **          Null       1                # Zero the rowset in reg 1
    **          Goto       B                # The loop is finished.
    **
    **       A: <loop body>                 # Return data, whatever.
    **
    **          Return     2                # Jump back to the Gosub
    **
    **       B: <after the loop>
    **
    ** Added 2014-05-26: If the table is a WITHOUT ROWID table, then
    ** use an ephemeral index instead of a RowSet to record the primary
    ** keys of the rows we have already seen.
    **
    */
    WhereClause *pOrWc;    /* The OR-clause broken out into subterms */
    SrcList *pOrTab;       /* Shortened table list or OR-clause generation */
    Index *pCov = 0;             /* Potential covering index (or NULL) */
    int iCovCur = pParse->nTab++;  /* Cursor used for index scans (if any) */

    int regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;           /* Register used with OP_Gosub */
    int regRowset = 0;                        /* Register for RowSet object */
    int regRowid = 0;                         /* Register holding rowid */
    int iLoopBody = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);  /* Start of loop body */
    int iRetInit;                             /* Address of regReturn init */
    int untestedTerms = 0;             /* Some terms not completely tested */
    int ii;                            /* Loop counter */
    u16 wctrlFlags;                    /* Flags for sub-WHERE clause */
    Expr *pAndExpr = 0;                /* An ".. AND (...)" expression */
    Table *pTab = pTabItem->pTab;
   
    pTerm = pLoop->aLTerm[0];
    assert( pTerm!=0 );
    assert( pTerm->eOperator & WO_OR );
    assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO)!=0 );
    pOrWc = &pTerm->u.pOrInfo->wc;
    pLevel->op = OP_Return;
    pLevel->p1 = regReturn;

    /* Set up a new SrcList in pOrTab containing the table being scanned
    ** by this loop in the a[0] slot and all notReady tables in a[1..] slots.
    ** This becomes the SrcList in the recursive call to sqlite3WhereBegin().
    */
    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ){
      int nNotReady;                 /* The number of notReady tables */
      struct SrcList_item *origSrc;     /* Original list of tables */
      nNotReady = pWInfo->nLevel - iLevel - 1;
      pOrTab = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db,
                            sizeof(*pOrTab)+ nNotReady*sizeof(pOrTab->a[0]));
      if( pOrTab==0 ) return notReady;
      pOrTab->nAlloc = (u8)(nNotReady + 1);
      pOrTab->nSrc = pOrTab->nAlloc;
      memcpy(pOrTab->a, pTabItem, sizeof(*pTabItem));
      origSrc = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
      for(k=1; k<=nNotReady; k++){
        memcpy(&pOrTab->a[k], &origSrc[pLevel[k].iFrom], sizeof(pOrTab->a[k]));
      }
    }else{
      pOrTab = pWInfo->pTabList;
    }

    /* Initialize the rowset register to contain NULL. An SQL NULL is 
    ** equivalent to an empty rowset.  Or, create an ephemeral index
    ** capable of holding primary keys in the case of a WITHOUT ROWID.
    **
    ** Also initialize regReturn to contain the address of the instruction 
    ** immediately following the OP_Return at the bottom of the loop. This
    ** is required in a few obscure LEFT JOIN cases where control jumps
    ** over the top of the loop into the body of it. In this case the 
    ** correct response for the end-of-loop code (the OP_Return) is to 
    ** fall through to the next instruction, just as an OP_Next does if
    ** called on an uninitialized cursor.
    */
    if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
      if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
        regRowset = ++pParse->nMem;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regRowset);
      }else{
        Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
        regRowset = pParse->nTab++;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenEphemeral, regRowset, pPk->nKeyCol);
        sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pPk);
      }
      regRowid = ++pParse->nMem;
    }
    iRetInit = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regReturn);

    /* If the original WHERE clause is z of the form:  (x1 OR x2 OR ...) AND y
    ** Then for every term xN, evaluate as the subexpression: xN AND z
    ** That way, terms in y that are factored into the disjunction will
    ** be picked up by the recursive calls to sqlite3WhereBegin() below.
    **
    ** Actually, each subexpression is converted to "xN AND w" where w is
    ** the "interesting" terms of z - terms that did not originate in the
    ** ON or USING clause of a LEFT JOIN, and terms that are usable as 
    ** indices.
    **
    ** This optimization also only applies if the (x1 OR x2 OR ...) term
    ** is not contained in the ON clause of a LEFT JOIN.
    ** See ticket http://www.sqlite.org/src/info/f2369304e4
    */
    if( pWC->nTerm>1 ){
      int iTerm;
      for(iTerm=0; iTerm<pWC->nTerm; iTerm++){
        Expr *pExpr = pWC->a[iTerm].pExpr;
        if( &pWC->a[iTerm] == pTerm ) continue;
        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) continue;
        if( (pWC->a[iTerm].wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL)!=0 ) continue;
        if( (pWC->a[iTerm].eOperator & WO_ALL)==0 ) continue;
        testcase( pWC->a[iTerm].wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO );
        pExpr = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        pAndExpr = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pAndExpr, pExpr);
      }
      if( pAndExpr ){
        pAndExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AND, 0, pAndExpr, 0);
      }
    }

    /* Run a separate WHERE clause for each term of the OR clause.  After
    ** eliminating duplicates from other WHERE clauses, the action for each
    ** sub-WHERE clause is to to invoke the main loop body as a subroutine.
    */
    wctrlFlags =  WHERE_OMIT_OPEN_CLOSE
                | WHERE_FORCE_TABLE
                | WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY
                | WHERE_NO_AUTOINDEX;
    for(ii=0; ii<pOrWc->nTerm; ii++){
      WhereTerm *pOrTerm = &pOrWc->a[ii];
      if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCur || (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_AND)!=0 ){
        WhereInfo *pSubWInfo;           /* Info for single OR-term scan */
        Expr *pOrExpr = pOrTerm->pExpr; /* Current OR clause term */
        int j1 = 0;                     /* Address of jump operation */
        if( pAndExpr && !ExprHasProperty(pOrExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
          pAndExpr->pLeft = pOrExpr;
          pOrExpr = pAndExpr;
        }
        /* Loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
        WHERETRACE(0xffff, ("Subplan for OR-clause:\n"));
        pSubWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pOrTab, pOrExpr, 0, 0,
                                      wctrlFlags, iCovCur);
        assert( pSubWInfo || pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed );
        if( pSubWInfo ){
          WhereLoop *pSubLoop;
          int addrExplain = sqlite3WhereExplainOneScan(
              pParse, pOrTab, &pSubWInfo->a[0], iLevel, pLevel->iFrom, 0
          );
          sqlite3WhereAddScanStatus(v, pOrTab, &pSubWInfo->a[0], addrExplain);

          /* This is the sub-WHERE clause body.  First skip over
          ** duplicate rows from prior sub-WHERE clauses, and record the
          ** rowid (or PRIMARY KEY) for the current row so that the same
          ** row will be skipped in subsequent sub-WHERE clauses.
          */
          if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK)==0 ){
            int r;
            int iSet = ((ii==pOrWc->nTerm-1)?-1:ii);
            if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
              r = sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, -1, iCur, regRowid, 0);
              j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_RowSetTest, regRowset, 0, r,iSet);
              VdbeCoverage(v);
            }else{
              Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
              int nPk = pPk->nKeyCol;
              int iPk;

              /* Read the PK into an array of temp registers. */
              r = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPk);
              for(iPk=0; iPk<nPk; iPk++){
                int iCol = pPk->aiColumn[iPk];
                sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pTab, iCol, iCur, r+iPk, 0);
              }

              /* Check if the temp table already contains this key. If so,
              ** the row has already been included in the result set and
              ** can be ignored (by jumping past the Gosub below). Otherwise,
              ** insert the key into the temp table and proceed with processing
              ** the row.
              **
              ** Use some of the same optimizations as OP_RowSetTest: If iSet
              ** is zero, assume that the key cannot already be present in
              ** the temp table. And if iSet is -1, assume that there is no 
              ** need to insert the key into the temp table, as it will never 
              ** be tested for.  */ 
              if( iSet ){
                j1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, regRowset, 0, r, nPk);
                VdbeCoverage(v);
              }
              if( iSet>=0 ){
                sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, r, nPk, regRowid);
                sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IdxInsert, regRowset, regRowid, 0);
                if( iSet ) sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
              }

              /* Release the array of temp registers */
              sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r, nPk);
            }
          }

          /* Invoke the main loop body as a subroutine */
          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, regReturn, iLoopBody);

          /* Jump here (skipping the main loop body subroutine) if the
          ** current sub-WHERE row is a duplicate from prior sub-WHEREs. */
          if( j1 ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, j1);

          /* The pSubWInfo->untestedTerms flag means that this OR term
          ** contained one or more AND term from a notReady table.  The
          ** terms from the notReady table could not be tested and will
          ** need to be tested later.
          */
          if( pSubWInfo->untestedTerms ) untestedTerms = 1;

          /* If all of the OR-connected terms are optimized using the same
          ** index, and the index is opened using the same cursor number
          ** by each call to sqlite3WhereBegin() made by this loop, it may
          ** be possible to use that index as a covering index.
          **
          ** If the call to sqlite3WhereBegin() above resulted in a scan that
          ** uses an index, and this is either the first OR-connected term
          ** processed or the index is the same as that used by all previous
          ** terms, set pCov to the candidate covering index. Otherwise, set 
          ** pCov to NULL to indicate that no candidate covering index will 
          ** be available.
          */
          pSubLoop = pSubWInfo->a[0].pWLoop;
          assert( (pSubLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_AUTO_INDEX)==0 );
          if( (pSubLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
           && (ii==0 || pSubLoop->u.btree.pIndex==pCov)
           && (HasRowid(pTab) || !IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pSubLoop->u.btree.pIndex))
          ){
            assert( pSubWInfo->a[0].iIdxCur==iCovCur );
            pCov = pSubLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
            wctrlFlags |= WHERE_REOPEN_IDX;
          }else{
            pCov = 0;
          }

          /* Finish the loop through table entries that match term pOrTerm. */
          sqlite3WhereEnd(pSubWInfo);
        }
      }
    }
    pLevel->u.pCovidx = pCov;
    if( pCov ) pLevel->iIdxCur = iCovCur;
    if( pAndExpr ){
      pAndExpr->pLeft = 0;
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pAndExpr);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP1(v, iRetInit, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v));
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, pLevel->addrBrk);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iLoopBody);

    if( pWInfo->nLevel>1 ) sqlite3StackFree(db, pOrTab);
    if( !untestedTerms ) disableTerm(pLevel, pTerm);
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */

  {
    /* Case 6:  There is no usable index.  We must do a complete
    **          scan of the entire table.
    */
    static const u8 aStep[] = { OP_Next, OP_Prev };
    static const u8 aStart[] = { OP_Rewind, OP_Last };
    assert( bRev==0 || bRev==1 );
    if( pTabItem->isRecursive ){
      /* Tables marked isRecursive have only a single row that is stored in
      ** a pseudo-cursor.  No need to Rewind or Next such cursors. */
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = aStep[bRev];
      pLevel->p1 = iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, aStart[bRev], iCur, addrBrk);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev==0);
      VdbeCoverageIf(v, bRev!=0);
      pLevel->p5 = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
    }
  }

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
  pLevel->addrVisit = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
#endif

  /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
  ** computed using the current set of tables.
  */
  for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
    Expr *pE;
    int skipLikeAddr = 0;
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)!=0 ){
      testcase( pWInfo->untestedTerms==0
               && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY)!=0 );
      pWInfo->untestedTerms = 1;
      continue;
    }
    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
    assert( pE!=0 );
    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin && !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) ){
      continue;
    }
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKECOND ){
      assert( pLevel->iLikeRepCntr>0 );
      skipLikeAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, pLevel->iLikeRepCntr);
      VdbeCoverage(v);
    }
    sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
    if( skipLikeAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, skipLikeAddr);
    pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
  }

  /* Insert code to test for implied constraints based on transitivity
  ** of the "==" operator.
  **
  ** Example: If the WHERE clause contains "t1.a=t2.b" and "t2.b=123"
  ** and we are coding the t1 loop and the t2 loop has not yet coded,
  ** then we cannot use the "t1.a=t2.b" constraint, but we can code
  ** the implied "t1.a=123" constraint.
  */
  for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
    Expr *pE, *pEAlt;
    WhereTerm *pAlt;
    if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
    if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)==0 ) continue;
    if( pTerm->leftCursor!=iCur ) continue;
    if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ) continue;
    pE = pTerm->pExpr;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) );
    assert( (pTerm->prereqRight & pLevel->notReady)!=0 );
    pAlt = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, pTerm->u.leftColumn, notReady,
                    WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_IS, 0);
    if( pAlt==0 ) continue;
    if( pAlt->wtFlags & (TERM_CODED) ) continue;
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_EQ );
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IS );
    testcase( pAlt->eOperator & WO_IN );
    VdbeModuleComment((v, "begin transitive constraint"));
    pEAlt = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pEAlt));
    if( pEAlt ){
      *pEAlt = *pAlt->pExpr;
      pEAlt->pLeft = pE->pLeft;
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pEAlt, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      sqlite3StackFree(db, pEAlt);
    }
  }

  /* For a LEFT OUTER JOIN, generate code that will record the fact that
  ** at least one row of the right table has matched the left table.  
  */
  if( pLevel->iLeftJoin ){
    pLevel->addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 1, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "record LEFT JOIN hit"));
    sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
    for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=0; j<pWC->nTerm; j++, pTerm++){
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
      testcase( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED );
      if( pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_CODED) ) continue;
      if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLevel->notReady)!=0 ){
        assert( pWInfo->untestedTerms );
        continue;
      }
      assert( pTerm->pExpr );
      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pTerm->pExpr, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
    }
  }

  return pLevel->notReady;
}

Added src/whereexpr.c. 





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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/*
** 2015-06-08
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This module contains C code that generates VDBE code used to process
** the WHERE clause of SQL statements.
**
** This file was originally part of where.c but was split out to improve
** readability and editabiliity.  This file contains utility routines for
** analyzing Expr objects in the WHERE clause.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "whereInt.h"

/* Forward declarations */
static void exprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*, int);

/*
** Deallocate all memory associated with a WhereOrInfo object.
*/
static void whereOrInfoDelete(sqlite3 *db, WhereOrInfo *p){
  sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&p->wc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Deallocate all memory associated with a WhereAndInfo object.
*/
static void whereAndInfoDelete(sqlite3 *db, WhereAndInfo *p){
  sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&p->wc);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
}

/*
** Add a single new WhereTerm entry to the WhereClause object pWC.
** The new WhereTerm object is constructed from Expr p and with wtFlags.
** The index in pWC->a[] of the new WhereTerm is returned on success.
** 0 is returned if the new WhereTerm could not be added due to a memory
** allocation error.  The memory allocation failure will be recorded in
** the db->mallocFailed flag so that higher-level functions can detect it.
**
** This routine will increase the size of the pWC->a[] array as necessary.
**
** If the wtFlags argument includes TERM_DYNAMIC, then responsibility
** for freeing the expression p is assumed by the WhereClause object pWC.
** This is true even if this routine fails to allocate a new WhereTerm.
**
** WARNING:  This routine might reallocate the space used to store
** WhereTerms.  All pointers to WhereTerms should be invalidated after
** calling this routine.  Such pointers may be reinitialized by referencing
** the pWC->a[] array.
*/
static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, u16 wtFlags){
  WhereTerm *pTerm;
  int idx;
  testcase( wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
  if( pWC->nTerm>=pWC->nSlot ){
    WhereTerm *pOld = pWC->a;
    sqlite3 *db = pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db;
    pWC->a = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nSlot*2 );
    if( pWC->a==0 ){
      if( wtFlags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
        sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p);
      }
      pWC->a = pOld;
      return 0;
    }
    memcpy(pWC->a, pOld, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*pWC->nTerm);
    if( pOld!=pWC->aStatic ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOld);
    }
    pWC->nSlot = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pWC->a)/sizeof(pWC->a[0]);
    memset(&pWC->a[pWC->nTerm], 0, sizeof(pWC->a[0])*(pWC->nSlot-pWC->nTerm));
  }
  pTerm = &pWC->a[idx = pWC->nTerm++];
  if( p && ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Unlikely) ){
    pTerm->truthProb = sqlite3LogEst(p->iTable) - 270;
  }else{
    pTerm->truthProb = 1;
  }
  pTerm->pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(p);
  pTerm->wtFlags = wtFlags;
  pTerm->pWC = pWC;
  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  return idx;
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the given operator is one of the operators that is
** allowed for an indexable WHERE clause term.  The allowed operators are
** "=", "<", ">", "<=", ">=", "IN", and "IS NULL"
*/
static int allowedOp(int op){
  assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ && TK_GT<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_LT>TK_EQ && TK_LT<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_LE>TK_EQ && TK_LE<TK_GE );
  assert( TK_GE==TK_EQ+4 );
  return op==TK_IN || (op>=TK_EQ && op<=TK_GE) || op==TK_ISNULL || op==TK_IS;
}

/*
** Commute a comparison operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
** are converted into "Y op X".
**
** If left/right precedence rules come into play when determining the
** collating sequence, then COLLATE operators are adjusted to ensure
** that the collating sequence does not change.  For example:
** "Y collate NOCASE op X" becomes "X op Y" because any collation sequence on
** the left hand side of a comparison overrides any collation sequence 
** attached to the right. For the same reason the EP_Collate flag
** is not commuted.
*/
static void exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  u16 expRight = (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_Collate);
  u16 expLeft = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate);
  assert( allowedOp(pExpr->op) && pExpr->op!=TK_IN );
  if( expRight==expLeft ){
    /* Either X and Y both have COLLATE operator or neither do */
    if( expRight ){
      /* Both X and Y have COLLATE operators.  Make sure X is always
      ** used by clearing the EP_Collate flag from Y. */
      pExpr->pRight->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
    }else if( sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
      /* Neither X nor Y have COLLATE operators, but X has a non-default
      ** collating sequence.  So add the EP_Collate marker on X to cause
      ** it to be searched first. */
      pExpr->pLeft->flags |= EP_Collate;
    }
  }
  SWAP(Expr*,pExpr->pRight,pExpr->pLeft);
  if( pExpr->op>=TK_GT ){
    assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );
    assert( TK_GE==TK_LE+2 );
    assert( TK_GT>TK_EQ );
    assert( TK_GT<TK_LE );
    assert( pExpr->op>=TK_GT && pExpr->op<=TK_GE );
    pExpr->op = ((pExpr->op-TK_GT)^2)+TK_GT;
  }
}

/*
** Translate from TK_xx operator to WO_xx bitmask.
*/
static u16 operatorMask(int op){
  u16 c;
  assert( allowedOp(op) );
  if( op==TK_IN ){
    c = WO_IN;
  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
    c = WO_ISNULL;
  }else if( op==TK_IS ){
    c = WO_IS;
  }else{
    assert( (WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ)) < 0x7fff );
    c = (u16)(WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ));
  }
  assert( op!=TK_ISNULL || c==WO_ISNULL );
  assert( op!=TK_IN || c==WO_IN );
  assert( op!=TK_EQ || c==WO_EQ );
  assert( op!=TK_LT || c==WO_LT );
  assert( op!=TK_LE || c==WO_LE );
  assert( op!=TK_GT || c==WO_GT );
  assert( op!=TK_GE || c==WO_GE );
  assert( op!=TK_IS || c==WO_IS );
  return c;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
/*
** Check to see if the given expression is a LIKE or GLOB operator that
** can be optimized using inequality constraints.  Return TRUE if it is
** so and false if not.
**
** In order for the operator to be optimizible, the RHS must be a string
** literal that does not begin with a wildcard.  The LHS must be a column
** that may only be NULL, a string, or a BLOB, never a number. (This means
** that virtual tables cannot participate in the LIKE optimization.)  The
** collating sequence for the column on the LHS must be appropriate for
** the operator.
*/
static int isLikeOrGlob(
  Parse *pParse,    /* Parsing and code generating context */
  Expr *pExpr,      /* Test this expression */
  Expr **ppPrefix,  /* Pointer to TK_STRING expression with pattern prefix */
  int *pisComplete, /* True if the only wildcard is % in the last character */
  int *pnoCase      /* True if uppercase is equivalent to lowercase */
){
  const char *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
  Expr *pRight, *pLeft;      /* Right and left size of LIKE operator */
  ExprList *pList;           /* List of operands to the LIKE operator */
  int c;                     /* One character in z[] */
  int cnt;                   /* Number of non-wildcard prefix characters */
  char wc[3];                /* Wildcard characters */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection */
  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
  int op;                    /* Opcode of pRight */

  if( !sqlite3IsLikeFunction(db, pExpr, pnoCase, wc) ){
    return 0;
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_EBCDIC
  if( *pnoCase ) return 0;
#endif
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  pLeft = pList->a[1].pExpr;
  if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN 
   || sqlite3ExprAffinity(pLeft)!=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT 
   || IsVirtual(pLeft->pTab)  /* Value might be numeric */
  ){
    /* IMP: R-02065-49465 The left-hand side of the LIKE or GLOB operator must
    ** be the name of an indexed column with TEXT affinity. */
    return 0;
  }
  assert( pLeft->iColumn!=(-1) ); /* Because IPK never has AFF_TEXT */

  pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[0].pExpr);
  op = pRight->op;
  if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
    Vdbe *pReprepare = pParse->pReprepare;
    int iCol = pRight->iColumn;
    pVal = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pReprepare, iCol, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
    if( pVal && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
      z = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
    }
    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iCol);
    assert( pRight->op==TK_VARIABLE || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
  }else if( op==TK_STRING ){
    z = pRight->u.zToken;
  }
  if( z ){
    cnt = 0;
    while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
      cnt++;
    }
    if( cnt!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
      Expr *pPrefix;
      *pisComplete = c==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, z);
      if( pPrefix ) pPrefix->u.zToken[cnt] = 0;
      *ppPrefix = pPrefix;
      if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
        Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
        sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(v, pRight->iColumn);
        if( *pisComplete && pRight->u.zToken[1] ){
          /* If the rhs of the LIKE expression is a variable, and the current
          ** value of the variable means there is no need to invoke the LIKE
          ** function, then no OP_Variable will be added to the program.
          ** This causes problems for the sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()
          ** API. To work around them, add a dummy OP_Variable here.
          */ 
          int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
          sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, r1);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-1, 0);
          sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
        }
      }
    }else{
      z = 0;
    }
  }

  sqlite3ValueFree(pVal);
  return (z!=0);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/*
** Check to see if the given expression is of the form
**
**         column MATCH expr
**
** If it is then return TRUE.  If not, return FALSE.
*/
static int isMatchOfColumn(
  Expr *pExpr      /* Test this expression */
){
  ExprList *pList;

  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"match")!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
  if( pList->nExpr!=2 ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( pList->a[1].pExpr->op != TK_COLUMN ){
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/*
** If the pBase expression originated in the ON or USING clause of
** a join, then transfer the appropriate markings over to derived.
*/
static void transferJoinMarkings(Expr *pDerived, Expr *pBase){
  if( pDerived ){
    pDerived->flags |= pBase->flags & EP_FromJoin;
    pDerived->iRightJoinTable = pBase->iRightJoinTable;
  }
}

/*
** Mark term iChild as being a child of term iParent
*/
static void markTermAsChild(WhereClause *pWC, int iChild, int iParent){
  pWC->a[iChild].iParent = iParent;
  pWC->a[iChild].truthProb = pWC->a[iParent].truthProb;
  pWC->a[iParent].nChild++;
}

/*
** Return the N-th AND-connected subterm of pTerm.  Or if pTerm is not
** a conjunction, then return just pTerm when N==0.  If N is exceeds
** the number of available subterms, return NULL.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereNthSubterm(WhereTerm *pTerm, int N){
  if( pTerm->eOperator!=WO_AND ){
    return N==0 ? pTerm : 0;
  }
  if( N<pTerm->u.pAndInfo->wc.nTerm ){
    return &pTerm->u.pAndInfo->wc.a[N];
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Subterms pOne and pTwo are contained within WHERE clause pWC.  The
** two subterms are in disjunction - they are OR-ed together.
**
** If these two terms are both of the form:  "A op B" with the same
** A and B values but different operators and if the operators are
** compatible (if one is = and the other is <, for example) then
** add a new virtual AND term to pWC that is the combination of the
** two.
**
** Some examples:
**
**    x<y OR x=y    -->     x<=y
**    x=y OR x=y    -->     x=y
**    x<=y OR x<y   -->     x<=y
**
** The following is NOT generated:
**
**    x<y OR x>y    -->     x!=y     
*/
static void whereCombineDisjuncts(
  SrcList *pSrc,         /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,      /* The complete WHERE clause */
  WhereTerm *pOne,       /* First disjunct */
  WhereTerm *pTwo        /* Second disjunct */
){
  u16 eOp = pOne->eOperator | pTwo->eOperator;
  sqlite3 *db;           /* Database connection (for malloc) */
  Expr *pNew;            /* New virtual expression */
  int op;                /* Operator for the combined expression */
  int idxNew;            /* Index in pWC of the next virtual term */

  if( (pOne->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE))==0 ) return;
  if( (pTwo->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE))==0 ) return;
  if( (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE))!=eOp
   && (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_GT|WO_GE))!=eOp ) return;
  assert( pOne->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pOne->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
  assert( pTwo->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pTwo->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pLeft, pTwo->pExpr->pLeft, -1) ) return;
  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pRight, pTwo->pExpr->pRight, -1) )return;
  /* If we reach this point, it means the two subterms can be combined */
  if( (eOp & (eOp-1))!=0 ){
    if( eOp & (WO_LT|WO_LE) ){
      eOp = WO_LE;
    }else{
      assert( eOp & (WO_GT|WO_GE) );
      eOp = WO_GE;
    }
  }
  db = pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db;
  pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOne->pExpr, 0);
  if( pNew==0 ) return;
  for(op=TK_EQ; eOp!=(WO_EQ<<(op-TK_EQ)); op++){ assert( op<TK_GE ); }
  pNew->op = op;
  idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
  exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
}

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
/*
** Analyze a term that consists of two or more OR-connected
** subterms.  So in:
**
**     ... WHERE  (a=5) AND (b=7 OR c=9 OR d=13) AND (d=13)
**                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
**
** This routine analyzes terms such as the middle term in the above example.
** A WhereOrTerm object is computed and attached to the term under
** analysis, regardless of the outcome of the analysis.  Hence:
**
**     WhereTerm.wtFlags   |=  TERM_ORINFO
**     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo  =  a dynamically allocated WhereOrTerm object
**
** The term being analyzed must have two or more of OR-connected subterms.
** A single subterm might be a set of AND-connected sub-subterms.
** Examples of terms under analysis:
**
**     (A)     t1.x=t2.y OR t1.x=t2.z OR t1.y=15 OR t1.z=t3.a+5
**     (B)     x=expr1 OR expr2=x OR x=expr3
**     (C)     t1.x=t2.y OR (t1.x=t2.z AND t1.y=15)
**     (D)     x=expr1 OR (y>11 AND y<22 AND z LIKE '*hello*')
**     (E)     (p.a=1 AND q.b=2 AND r.c=3) OR (p.x=4 AND q.y=5 AND r.z=6)
**     (F)     x>A OR (x=A AND y>=B)
**
** CASE 1:
**
** If all subterms are of the form T.C=expr for some single column of C and
** a single table T (as shown in example B above) then create a new virtual
** term that is an equivalent IN expression.  In other words, if the term
** being analyzed is:
**
**      x = expr1  OR  expr2 = x  OR  x = expr3
**
** then create a new virtual term like this:
**
**      x IN (expr1,expr2,expr3)
**
** CASE 2:
**
** If there are exactly two disjuncts and one side has x>A and the other side
** has x=A (for the same x and A) then add a new virtual conjunct term to the
** WHERE clause of the form "x>=A".  Example:
**
**      x>A OR (x=A AND y>B)    adds:    x>=A
**
** The added conjunct can sometimes be helpful in query planning.
**
** CASE 3:
**
** If all subterms are indexable by a single table T, then set
**
**     WhereTerm.eOperator              =  WO_OR
**     WhereTerm.u.pOrInfo->indexable  |=  the cursor number for table T
**
** A subterm is "indexable" if it is of the form
** "T.C <op> <expr>" where C is any column of table T and 
** <op> is one of "=", "<", "<=", ">", ">=", "IS NULL", or "IN".
** A subterm is also indexable if it is an AND of two or more
** subsubterms at least one of which is indexable.  Indexable AND 
** subterms have their eOperator set to WO_AND and they have
** u.pAndInfo set to a dynamically allocated WhereAndTerm object.
**
** From another point of view, "indexable" means that the subterm could
** potentially be used with an index if an appropriate index exists.
** This analysis does not consider whether or not the index exists; that
** is decided elsewhere.  This analysis only looks at whether subterms
** appropriate for indexing exist.
**
** All examples A through E above satisfy case 3.  But if a term
** also satisfies case 1 (such as B) we know that the optimizer will
** always prefer case 1, so in that case we pretend that case 3 is not
** satisfied.
**
** It might be the case that multiple tables are indexable.  For example,
** (E) above is indexable on tables P, Q, and R.
**
** Terms that satisfy case 3 are candidates for lookup by using
** separate indices to find rowids for each subterm and composing
** the union of all rowids using a RowSet object.  This is similar
** to "bitmap indices" in other database engines.
**
** OTHERWISE:
**
** If none of cases 1, 2, or 3 apply, then leave the eOperator set to
** zero.  This term is not useful for search.
*/
static void exprAnalyzeOrTerm(
  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,         /* the complete WHERE clause */
  int idxTerm               /* Index of the OR-term to be analyzed */
){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo;        /* WHERE clause processing context */
  Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;         /* Parser context */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;               /* Database connection */
  WhereTerm *pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];    /* The term to be analyzed */
  Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;             /* The expression of the term */
  int i;                                  /* Loop counters */
  WhereClause *pOrWc;       /* Breakup of pTerm into subterms */
  WhereTerm *pOrTerm;       /* A Sub-term within the pOrWc */
  WhereOrInfo *pOrInfo;     /* Additional information associated with pTerm */
  Bitmask chngToIN;         /* Tables that might satisfy case 1 */
  Bitmask indexable;        /* Tables that are indexable, satisfying case 2 */

  /*
  ** Break the OR clause into its separate subterms.  The subterms are
  ** stored in a WhereClause structure containing within the WhereOrInfo
  ** object that is attached to the original OR clause term.
  */
  assert( (pTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_DYNAMIC|TERM_ORINFO|TERM_ANDINFO))==0 );
  assert( pExpr->op==TK_OR );
  pTerm->u.pOrInfo = pOrInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(*pOrInfo));
  if( pOrInfo==0 ) return;
  pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ORINFO;
  pOrWc = &pOrInfo->wc;
  sqlite3WhereClauseInit(pOrWc, pWInfo);
  sqlite3WhereSplit(pOrWc, pExpr, TK_OR);
  sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pSrc, pOrWc);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
  assert( pOrWc->nTerm>=2 );

  /*
  ** Compute the set of tables that might satisfy cases 1 or 3.
  */
  indexable = ~(Bitmask)0;
  chngToIN = ~(Bitmask)0;
  for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0 && indexable; i--, pOrTerm++){
    if( (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_SINGLE)==0 ){
      WhereAndInfo *pAndInfo;
      assert( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_ANDINFO|TERM_ORINFO))==0 );
      chngToIN = 0;
      pAndInfo = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*pAndInfo));
      if( pAndInfo ){
        WhereClause *pAndWC;
        WhereTerm *pAndTerm;
        int j;
        Bitmask b = 0;
        pOrTerm->u.pAndInfo = pAndInfo;
        pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_ANDINFO;
        pOrTerm->eOperator = WO_AND;
        pAndWC = &pAndInfo->wc;
        sqlite3WhereClauseInit(pAndWC, pWC->pWInfo);
        sqlite3WhereSplit(pAndWC, pOrTerm->pExpr, TK_AND);
        sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pSrc, pAndWC);
        pAndWC->pOuter = pWC;
        testcase( db->mallocFailed );
        if( !db->mallocFailed ){
          for(j=0, pAndTerm=pAndWC->a; j<pAndWC->nTerm; j++, pAndTerm++){
            assert( pAndTerm->pExpr );
            if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op) ){
              b |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pAndTerm->leftCursor);
            }
          }
        }
        indexable &= b;
      }
    }else if( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED ){
      /* Skip this term for now.  We revisit it when we process the
      ** corresponding TERM_VIRTUAL term */
    }else{
      Bitmask b;
      b = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pOrTerm->leftCursor);
      if( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL ){
        WhereTerm *pOther = &pOrWc->a[pOrTerm->iParent];
        b |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pOther->leftCursor);
      }
      indexable &= b;
      if( (pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ)==0 ){
        chngToIN = 0;
      }else{
        chngToIN &= b;
      }
    }
  }

  /*
  ** Record the set of tables that satisfy case 3.  The set might be
  ** empty.
  */
  pOrInfo->indexable = indexable;
  pTerm->eOperator = indexable==0 ? 0 : WO_OR;

  /* For a two-way OR, attempt to implementation case 2.
  */
  if( indexable && pOrWc->nTerm==2 ){
    int iOne = 0;
    WhereTerm *pOne;
    while( (pOne = whereNthSubterm(&pOrWc->a[0],iOne++))!=0 ){
      int iTwo = 0;
      WhereTerm *pTwo;
      while( (pTwo = whereNthSubterm(&pOrWc->a[1],iTwo++))!=0 ){
        whereCombineDisjuncts(pSrc, pWC, pOne, pTwo);
      }
    }
  }

  /*
  ** chngToIN holds a set of tables that *might* satisfy case 1.  But
  ** we have to do some additional checking to see if case 1 really
  ** is satisfied.
  **
  ** chngToIN will hold either 0, 1, or 2 bits.  The 0-bit case means
  ** that there is no possibility of transforming the OR clause into an
  ** IN operator because one or more terms in the OR clause contain
  ** something other than == on a column in the single table.  The 1-bit
  ** case means that every term of the OR clause is of the form
  ** "table.column=expr" for some single table.  The one bit that is set
  ** will correspond to the common table.  We still need to check to make
  ** sure the same column is used on all terms.  The 2-bit case is when
  ** the all terms are of the form "table1.column=table2.column".  It
  ** might be possible to form an IN operator with either table1.column
  ** or table2.column as the LHS if either is common to every term of
  ** the OR clause.
  **
  ** Note that terms of the form "table.column1=table.column2" (the
  ** same table on both sizes of the ==) cannot be optimized.
  */
  if( chngToIN ){
    int okToChngToIN = 0;     /* True if the conversion to IN is valid */
    int iColumn = -1;         /* Column index on lhs of IN operator */
    int iCursor = -1;         /* Table cursor common to all terms */
    int j = 0;                /* Loop counter */

    /* Search for a table and column that appears on one side or the
    ** other of the == operator in every subterm.  That table and column
    ** will be recorded in iCursor and iColumn.  There might not be any
    ** such table and column.  Set okToChngToIN if an appropriate table
    ** and column is found but leave okToChngToIN false if not found.
    */
    for(j=0; j<2 && !okToChngToIN; j++){
      pOrTerm = pOrWc->a;
      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor ){
          /* This is the 2-bit case and we are on the second iteration and
          ** current term is from the first iteration.  So skip this term. */
          assert( j==1 );
          continue;
        }
        if( (chngToIN & sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet,
                                            pOrTerm->leftCursor))==0 ){
          /* This term must be of the form t1.a==t2.b where t2 is in the
          ** chngToIN set but t1 is not.  This term will be either preceded
          ** or follwed by an inverted copy (t2.b==t1.a).  Skip this term 
          ** and use its inversion. */
          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_COPIED );
          testcase( pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
          assert( pOrTerm->wtFlags & (TERM_COPIED|TERM_VIRTUAL) );
          continue;
        }
        iColumn = pOrTerm->u.leftColumn;
        iCursor = pOrTerm->leftCursor;
        break;
      }
      if( i<0 ){
        /* No candidate table+column was found.  This can only occur
        ** on the second iteration */
        assert( j==1 );
        assert( IsPowerOfTwo(chngToIN) );
        assert( chngToIN==sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, iCursor) );
        break;
      }
      testcase( j==1 );

      /* We have found a candidate table and column.  Check to see if that
      ** table and column is common to every term in the OR clause */
      okToChngToIN = 1;
      for(; i>=0 && okToChngToIN; i--, pOrTerm++){
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        if( pOrTerm->leftCursor!=iCursor ){
          pOrTerm->wtFlags &= ~TERM_OR_OK;
        }else if( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn!=iColumn ){
          okToChngToIN = 0;
        }else{
          int affLeft, affRight;
          /* If the right-hand side is also a column, then the affinities
          ** of both right and left sides must be such that no type
          ** conversions are required on the right.  (Ticket #2249)
          */
          affRight = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight);
          affLeft = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft);
          if( affRight!=0 && affRight!=affLeft ){
            okToChngToIN = 0;
          }else{
            pOrTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_OR_OK;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    /* At this point, okToChngToIN is true if original pTerm satisfies
    ** case 1.  In that case, construct a new virtual term that is 
    ** pTerm converted into an IN operator.
    */
    if( okToChngToIN ){
      Expr *pDup;            /* A transient duplicate expression */
      ExprList *pList = 0;   /* The RHS of the IN operator */
      Expr *pLeft = 0;       /* The LHS of the IN operator */
      Expr *pNew;            /* The complete IN operator */

      for(i=pOrWc->nTerm-1, pOrTerm=pOrWc->a; i>=0; i--, pOrTerm++){
        if( (pOrTerm->wtFlags & TERM_OR_OK)==0 ) continue;
        assert( pOrTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
        assert( pOrTerm->leftCursor==iCursor );
        assert( pOrTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn );
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrTerm->pExpr->pRight, 0);
        pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pWInfo->pParse, pList, pDup);
        pLeft = pOrTerm->pExpr->pLeft;
      }
      assert( pLeft!=0 );
      pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
      pNew = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pDup, 0, 0);
      if( pNew ){
        int idxNew;
        transferJoinMarkings(pNew, pExpr);
        assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
        pNew->x.pList = pList;
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNew, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        testcase( idxNew==0 );
        exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
      }
      pTerm->eOperator = WO_NOOP;  /* case 1 trumps case 3 */
    }
  }
}
#endif /* !SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION && !SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

/*
** We already know that pExpr is a binary operator where both operands are
** column references.  This routine checks to see if pExpr is an equivalence
** relation:
**   1.  The SQLITE_Transitive optimization must be enabled
**   2.  Must be either an == or an IS operator
**   3.  Not originating in the ON clause of an OUTER JOIN
**   4.  The affinities of A and B must be compatible
**   5a. Both operands use the same collating sequence OR
**   5b. The overall collating sequence is BINARY
** If this routine returns TRUE, that means that the RHS can be substituted
** for the LHS anyplace else in the WHERE clause where the LHS column occurs.
** This is an optimization.  No harm comes from returning 0.  But if 1 is
** returned when it should not be, then incorrect answers might result.
*/
static int termIsEquivalence(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  char aff1, aff2;
  CollSeq *pColl;
  const char *zColl1, *zColl2;
  if( !OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Transitive) ) return 0;
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ && pExpr->op!=TK_IS ) return 0;
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) return 0;
  aff1 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pLeft);
  aff2 = sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->pRight);
  if( aff1!=aff2
   && (!sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff1) || !sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(aff2))
  ){
    return 0;
  }
  pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
  if( pColl==0 || sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, "BINARY")==0 ) return 1;
  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
  /* Since pLeft and pRight are both a column references, their collating
  ** sequence should always be defined. */
  zColl1 = ALWAYS(pColl) ? pColl->zName : 0;
  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
  zColl2 = ALWAYS(pColl) ? pColl->zName : 0;
  return sqlite3StrICmp(zColl1, zColl2)==0;
}

/*
** Recursively walk the expressions of a SELECT statement and generate
** a bitmask indicating which tables are used in that expression
** tree.
*/
static Bitmask exprSelectUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Select *pS){
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  while( pS ){
    SrcList *pSrc = pS->pSrc;
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pEList);
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pGroupBy);
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pOrderBy);
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pWhere);
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pS->pHaving);
    if( ALWAYS(pSrc!=0) ){
      int i;
      for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
        mask |= exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, pSrc->a[i].pSelect);
        mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pSrc->a[i].pOn);
      }
    }
    pS = pS->pPrior;
  }
  return mask;
}

/*
** The input to this routine is an WhereTerm structure with only the
** "pExpr" field filled in.  The job of this routine is to analyze the
** subexpression and populate all the other fields of the WhereTerm
** structure.
**
** If the expression is of the form "<expr> <op> X" it gets commuted
** to the standard form of "X <op> <expr>".
**
** If the expression is of the form "X <op> Y" where both X and Y are
** columns, then the original expression is unchanged and a new virtual
** term of the form "Y <op> X" is added to the WHERE clause and
** analyzed separately.  The original term is marked with TERM_COPIED
** and the new term is marked with TERM_DYNAMIC (because it's pExpr
** needs to be freed with the WhereClause) and TERM_VIRTUAL (because it
** is a commuted copy of a prior term.)  The original term has nChild=1
** and the copy has idxParent set to the index of the original term.
*/
static void exprAnalyze(
  SrcList *pSrc,            /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC,         /* the WHERE clause */
  int idxTerm               /* Index of the term to be analyzed */
){
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pWC->pWInfo; /* WHERE clause processing context */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;                /* The term to be analyzed */
  WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet;          /* Set of table index masks */
  Expr *pExpr;                     /* The expression to be analyzed */
  Bitmask prereqLeft;              /* Prerequesites of the pExpr->pLeft */
  Bitmask prereqAll;               /* Prerequesites of pExpr */
  Bitmask extraRight = 0;          /* Extra dependencies on LEFT JOIN */
  Expr *pStr1 = 0;                 /* RHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
  int isComplete = 0;              /* RHS of LIKE/GLOB ends with wildcard */
  int noCase = 0;                  /* uppercase equivalent to lowercase */
  int op;                          /* Top-level operator.  pExpr->op */
  Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;  /* Parsing context */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;        /* Database connection */

  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    return;
  }
  pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
  pMaskSet = &pWInfo->sMaskSet;
  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AS && pExpr->op!=TK_COLLATE );
  prereqLeft = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
  op = pExpr->op;
  if( op==TK_IN ){
    assert( pExpr->pRight==0 );
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
      pTerm->prereqRight = exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pSelect);
    }else{
      pTerm->prereqRight = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->x.pList);
    }
  }else if( op==TK_ISNULL ){
    pTerm->prereqRight = 0;
  }else{
    pTerm->prereqRight = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pRight);
  }
  prereqAll = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr);
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
    Bitmask x = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
    prereqAll |= x;
    extraRight = x-1;  /* ON clause terms may not be used with an index
                       ** on left table of a LEFT JOIN.  Ticket #3015 */
  }
  pTerm->prereqAll = prereqAll;
  pTerm->leftCursor = -1;
  pTerm->iParent = -1;
  pTerm->eOperator = 0;
  if( allowedOp(op) ){
    Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pLeft);
    Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight);
    u16 opMask = (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ? WO_ALL : WO_EQUIV;
    if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      pTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pTerm->eOperator = operatorMask(op) & opMask;
    }
    if( op==TK_IS ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN ){
      WhereTerm *pNew;
      Expr *pDup;
      u16 eExtraOp = 0;        /* Extra bits for pNew->eOperator */
      if( pTerm->leftCursor>=0 ){
        int idxNew;
        pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr, 0);
        if( db->mallocFailed ){
          sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
          return;
        }
        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pDup, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
        if( idxNew==0 ) return;
        pNew = &pWC->a[idxNew];
        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
        if( op==TK_IS ) pNew->wtFlags |= TERM_IS;
        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;

        if( termIsEquivalence(pParse, pDup) ){
          pTerm->eOperator |= WO_EQUIV;
          eExtraOp = WO_EQUIV;
        }
      }else{
        pDup = pExpr;
        pNew = pTerm;
      }
      exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
      pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pDup->pLeft);
      pNew->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNew->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      testcase( (prereqLeft | extraRight) != prereqLeft );
      pNew->prereqRight = prereqLeft | extraRight;
      pNew->prereqAll = prereqAll;
      pNew->eOperator = (operatorMask(pDup->op) + eExtraOp) & opMask;
    }
  }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
  /* If a term is the BETWEEN operator, create two new virtual terms
  ** that define the range that the BETWEEN implements.  For example:
  **
  **      a BETWEEN b AND c
  **
  ** is converted into:
  **
  **      (a BETWEEN b AND c) AND (a>=b) AND (a<=c)
  **
  ** The two new terms are added onto the end of the WhereClause object.
  ** The new terms are "dynamic" and are children of the original BETWEEN
  ** term.  That means that if the BETWEEN term is coded, the children are
  ** skipped.  Or, if the children are satisfied by an index, the original
  ** BETWEEN term is skipped.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_BETWEEN && pWC->op==TK_AND ){
    ExprList *pList = pExpr->x.pList;
    int i;
    static const u8 ops[] = {TK_GE, TK_LE};
    assert( pList!=0 );
    assert( pList->nExpr==2 );
    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      int idxNew;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, ops[i], 
                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pExpr->pLeft, 0),
                             sqlite3ExprDup(db, pList->a[i].pExpr, 0), 0);
      transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr, pExpr);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      testcase( idxNew==0 );
      exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
  /* Analyze a term that is composed of two or more subterms connected by
  ** an OR operator.
  */
  else if( pExpr->op==TK_OR ){
    assert( pWC->op==TK_AND );
    exprAnalyzeOrTerm(pSrc, pWC, idxTerm);
    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
  /* Add constraints to reduce the search space on a LIKE or GLOB
  ** operator.
  **
  ** A like pattern of the form "x LIKE 'aBc%'" is changed into constraints
  **
  **          x>='ABC' AND x<'abd' AND x LIKE 'aBc%'
  **
  ** The last character of the prefix "abc" is incremented to form the
  ** termination condition "abd".  If case is not significant (the default
  ** for LIKE) then the lower-bound is made all uppercase and the upper-
  ** bound is made all lowercase so that the bounds also work when comparing
  ** BLOBs.
  */
  if( pWC->op==TK_AND 
   && isLikeOrGlob(pParse, pExpr, &pStr1, &isComplete, &noCase)
  ){
    Expr *pLeft;       /* LHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
    Expr *pStr2;       /* Copy of pStr1 - RHS of LIKE/GLOB operator */
    Expr *pNewExpr1;
    Expr *pNewExpr2;
    int idxNew1;
    int idxNew2;
    const char *zCollSeqName;     /* Name of collating sequence */
    const u16 wtFlags = TERM_LIKEOPT | TERM_VIRTUAL | TERM_DYNAMIC;

    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);

    /* Convert the lower bound to upper-case and the upper bound to
    ** lower-case (upper-case is less than lower-case in ASCII) so that
    ** the range constraints also work for BLOBs
    */
    if( noCase && !pParse->db->mallocFailed ){
      int i;
      char c;
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_LIKE;
      for(i=0; (c = pStr1->u.zToken[i])!=0; i++){
        pStr1->u.zToken[i] = sqlite3Toupper(c);
        pStr2->u.zToken[i] = sqlite3Tolower(c);
      }
    }

    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
      u8 c, *pC;       /* Last character before the first wildcard */
      pC = (u8*)&pStr2->u.zToken[sqlite3Strlen30(pStr2->u.zToken)-1];
      c = *pC;
      if( noCase ){
        /* The point is to increment the last character before the first
        ** wildcard.  But if we increment '@', that will push it into the
        ** alphabetic range where case conversions will mess up the 
        ** inequality.  To avoid this, make sure to also run the full
        ** LIKE on all candidate expressions by clearing the isComplete flag
        */
        if( c=='A'-1 ) isComplete = 0;
        c = sqlite3UpperToLower[c];
      }
      *pC = c + 1;
    }
    zCollSeqName = noCase ? "NOCASE" : "BINARY";
    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE,
           sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse,pNewExpr1,zCollSeqName),
           pStr1, 0);
    transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr1, pExpr);
    idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, wtFlags);
    testcase( idxNew1==0 );
    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT,
           sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse,pNewExpr2,zCollSeqName),
           pStr2, 0);
    transferJoinMarkings(pNewExpr2, pExpr);
    idxNew2 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr2, wtFlags);
    testcase( idxNew2==0 );
    exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew2);
    pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
    if( isComplete ){
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew1, idxTerm);
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew2, idxTerm);
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  /* Add a WO_MATCH auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
  ** current expression is of the form:  column MATCH expr.
  ** This information is used by the xBestIndex methods of
  ** virtual tables.  The native query optimizer does not attempt
  ** to do anything with MATCH functions.
  */
  if( isMatchOfColumn(pExpr) ){
    int idxNew;
    Expr *pRight, *pLeft;
    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
    Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;

    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
    prereqExpr = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
    prereqColumn = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
    if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
      Expr *pNewExpr;
      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
                              0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0), 0);
      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
      testcase( idxNew==0 );
      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
      pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_MATCH;
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
  /* When sqlite_stat3 histogram data is available an operator of the
  ** form "x IS NOT NULL" can sometimes be evaluated more efficiently
  ** as "x>NULL" if x is not an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.  So construct a
  ** virtual term of that form.
  **
  ** Note that the virtual term must be tagged with TERM_VNULL.
  */
  if( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL
   && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
   && pExpr->pLeft->iColumn>=0
   && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat34)
  ){
    Expr *pNewExpr;
    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
    int idxNew;
    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;

    pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GT,
                            sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0),
                            sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NULL, 0, 0, 0), 0);

    idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr,
                              TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC|TERM_VNULL);
    if( idxNew ){
      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
      pNewTerm->prereqRight = 0;
      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_GT;
      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
    }
  }
#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */

  /* Prevent ON clause terms of a LEFT JOIN from being used to drive
  ** an index for tables to the left of the join.
  */
  pTerm->prereqRight |= extraRight;
}

/***************************************************************************
** Routines with file scope above.  Interface to the rest of the where.c
** subsystem follows.
***************************************************************************/

/*
** This routine identifies subexpressions in the WHERE clause where
** each subexpression is separated by the AND operator or some other
** operator specified in the op parameter.  The WhereClause structure
** is filled with pointers to subexpressions.  For example:
**
**    WHERE  a=='hello' AND coalesce(b,11)<10 AND (c+12!=d OR c==22)
**           \________/     \_______________/     \________________/
**            slot[0]            slot[1]               slot[2]
**
** The original WHERE clause in pExpr is unaltered.  All this routine
** does is make slot[] entries point to substructure within pExpr.
**
** In the previous sentence and in the diagram, "slot[]" refers to
** the WhereClause.a[] array.  The slot[] array grows as needed to contain
** all terms of the WHERE clause.
*/
void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pExpr, u8 op){
  Expr *pE2 = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
  pWC->op = op;
  if( pE2==0 ) return;
  if( pE2->op!=op ){
    whereClauseInsert(pWC, pExpr, 0);
  }else{
    sqlite3WhereSplit(pWC, pE2->pLeft, op);
    sqlite3WhereSplit(pWC, pE2->pRight, op);
  }
}

/*
** Initialize a preallocated WhereClause structure.
*/
void sqlite3WhereClauseInit(
  WhereClause *pWC,        /* The WhereClause to be initialized */
  WhereInfo *pWInfo        /* The WHERE processing context */
){
  pWC->pWInfo = pWInfo;
  pWC->pOuter = 0;
  pWC->nTerm = 0;
  pWC->nSlot = ArraySize(pWC->aStatic);
  pWC->a = pWC->aStatic;
}

/*
** Deallocate a WhereClause structure.  The WhereClause structure
** itself is not freed.  This routine is the inverse of sqlite3WhereClauseInit().
*/
void sqlite3WhereClauseClear(WhereClause *pWC){
  int i;
  WhereTerm *a;
  sqlite3 *db = pWC->pWInfo->pParse->db;
  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1, a=pWC->a; i>=0; i--, a++){
    if( a->wtFlags & TERM_DYNAMIC ){
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, a->pExpr);
    }
    if( a->wtFlags & TERM_ORINFO ){
      whereOrInfoDelete(db, a->u.pOrInfo);
    }else if( a->wtFlags & TERM_ANDINFO ){
      whereAndInfoDelete(db, a->u.pAndInfo);
    }
  }
  if( pWC->a!=pWC->aStatic ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pWC->a);
  }
}


/*
** These routines walk (recursively) an expression tree and generate
** a bitmask indicating which tables are used in that expression
** tree.
*/
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, Expr *p){
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  if( p==0 ) return 0;
  if( p->op==TK_COLUMN ){
    mask = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable);
    return mask;
  }
  mask = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
  mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    mask |= exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
  }else{
    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
  }
  return mask;
}
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(WhereMaskSet *pMaskSet, ExprList *pList){
  int i;
  Bitmask mask = 0;
  if( pList ){
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pList->a[i].pExpr);
    }
  }
  return mask;
}


/*
** Call exprAnalyze on all terms in a WHERE clause.  
**
** Note that exprAnalyze() might add new virtual terms onto the
** end of the WHERE clause.  We do not want to analyze these new
** virtual terms, so start analyzing at the end and work forward
** so that the added virtual terms are never processed.
*/
void sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(
  SrcList *pTabList,       /* the FROM clause */
  WhereClause *pWC         /* the WHERE clause to be analyzed */
){
  int i;
  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--){
    exprAnalyze(pTabList, pWC, i);
  }
}

Added test/affinity2.test. 





























































































































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# 2015-06-02
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is type affinity in comparison operations.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_execsql_test affinity2-100 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(
    xi INTEGER,
    xr REAL,
    xb BLOB,
    xn NUMERIC,
    xt TEXT
  );
  INSERT INTO t1(rowid,xi,xr,xb,xn,xt) VALUES(1,1,1,1,1,1);
  INSERT INTO t1(rowid,xi,xr,xb,xn,xt) VALUES(2,'2','2','2','2','2');
  INSERT INTO t1(rowid,xi,xr,xb,xn,xt) VALUES(3,'03','03','03','03','03');

} {}
do_execsql_test affinity2-110 {
  SELECT xi, typeof(xi) FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 integer 2 integer 3 integer}
do_execsql_test affinity2-120 {
  SELECT xr, typeof(xr) FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1.0 real 2.0 real 3.0 real}
do_execsql_test affinity2-130 {
  SELECT xb, typeof(xb) FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 integer 2 text 03 text}
do_execsql_test affinity2-140 {
  SELECT xn, typeof(xn) FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 integer 2 integer 3 integer}
do_execsql_test affinity2-150 {
  SELECT xt, typeof(xt) FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 text 2 text 03 text}

do_execsql_test affinity2-200 {
  SELECT rowid, xi==xt, xi==xb, xi==+xt FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test affinity2-210 {
  SELECT rowid, xr==xt, xr==xb, xr==+xt FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test affinity2-220 {
  SELECT rowid, xn==xt, xn==xb, xn==+xt FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1}

do_execsql_test affinity2-300 {
  SELECT rowid, xt==+xi, xt==xi, xt==xb FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid;
} {1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 3 0 1 1}

finish_test

Changes to test/analyzer1.test. 

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  return
}

if {$tcl_platform(platform)=="windows"} {
  set PROG "sqlite3_analyzer.exe"
} else {
  set PROG "./sqlite3_analyzer"





}
db close
forcedelete test.db test.db-journal test.db-wal
sqlite3 db test.db

do_test analyzer1-1.0 {
  db eval {








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  return
}

if {$tcl_platform(platform)=="windows"} {
  set PROG "sqlite3_analyzer.exe"
} else {
  set PROG "./sqlite3_analyzer"
}
if {![file exe $PROG]} {
  puts "analyzer1 cannot run because $PROG is not available"
  finish_test
  return
}
db close
forcedelete test.db test.db-journal test.db-wal
sqlite3 db test.db

do_test analyzer1-1.0 {
  db eval {

Changes to test/e_walauto.test. 

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  } 0

  # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33080-59193 Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism 
  # are PASSIVE.
  #
  set ::busy_callback_count 0
  proc busy_callback {args} {
  puts Hello
    incr ::busy_callback_count
    return 0
  }
  do_test 1.$tn.12.1 {
    sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2 db truncate
    autocheckpoint db 100 
    db busy busy_callback








<








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  } 0

  # EVIDENCE-OF: R-33080-59193 Checkpoints initiated by this mechanism 
  # are PASSIVE.
  #
  set ::busy_callback_count 0
  proc busy_callback {args} {

    incr ::busy_callback_count
    return 0
  }
  do_test 1.$tn.12.1 {
    sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2 db truncate
    autocheckpoint db 100 
    db busy busy_callback

Added test/extraquick.test. 



































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#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file runs most of the tests run by veryquick.test except for those
# that take a long time.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/permutations.test

run_test_suite extraquick

finish_test

Changes to test/filectrl.test. 

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  db close
  sqlite3 db test_control_lockproxy.db
  file_control_lockproxy_test db [get_pwd]
} {}
do_test filectrl-1.6 {
  sqlite3 db test.db
  set fn [file_control_tempfilename db]
  puts -nonewline \[$fn\]
  set fn
} {/etilqs_/}
db close
forcedelete .test_control_lockproxy.db-conch test.proxy
finish_test








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  db close
  sqlite3 db test_control_lockproxy.db
  file_control_lockproxy_test db [get_pwd]
} {}
do_test filectrl-1.6 {
  sqlite3 db test.db
  set fn [file_control_tempfilename db]

  set fn
} {/etilqs_/}
db close
forcedelete .test_control_lockproxy.db-conch test.proxy
finish_test

Changes to test/fts3d.test. 

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    SELECT OFFSETS(t1) FROM t1
     WHERE t1 MATCH 'this OR that OR was OR a OR is OR test' ORDER BY docid;
  }
} [list {0 0 0 4 0 4 5 2 0 3 8 1 0 5 10 4} \
        {0 1 0 4 0 2 5 3 0 3 9 1 0 5 11 4} \
        {0 0 0 4 0 4 5 2 0 3 8 1 0 5 10 4}]

puts [db eval {SELECT c FROM t1 } ]
check_terms_all fts3d-4.1      {a four is test that this was}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.1  a {[1 0[2]] [2 0[2]] [3 0[2]]}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.2  four {}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.3  is {[1 0[1]] [3 0[1]]}
#check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.4  one {}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.5  test {[1 0[3]] [2 0[3]] [3 0[3]]}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.6  that {[2 0[0]]}








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    SELECT OFFSETS(t1) FROM t1
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  }
} [list {0 0 0 4 0 4 5 2 0 3 8 1 0 5 10 4} \
        {0 1 0 4 0 2 5 3 0 3 9 1 0 5 11 4} \
        {0 0 0 4 0 4 5 2 0 3 8 1 0 5 10 4}]

db eval {SELECT c FROM t1 }
check_terms_all fts3d-4.1      {a four is test that this was}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.1  a {[1 0[2]] [2 0[2]] [3 0[2]]}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.2  four {}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.3  is {[1 0[1]] [3 0[1]]}
#check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.4  one {}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.5  test {[1 0[3]] [2 0[3]] [3 0[3]]}
check_doclist_all fts3d-4.1.6  that {[2 0[0]]}

Changes to test/fts4incr.test. 

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      MATCH '"land of canaan"' AND docid < 1030000 } 7
} {
  foreach s {0 1} {
    execsql "INSERT INTO t1(t1) VALUES('test-no-incr-doclist=$s')"
    do_execsql_test 2.$tn.$s $q $res
    set t($s) [lindex [time [list execsql $q] 100] 0]
  }

  puts "with optimization: $t(0)    without: $t(1)"

}

do_test 2.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t2 USING fts4(order=DESC);
  }
  set num [list one two three four five six seven eight nine ten]








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      MATCH '"land of canaan"' AND docid < 1030000 } 7
} {
  foreach s {0 1} {
    execsql "INSERT INTO t1(t1) VALUES('test-no-incr-doclist=$s')"
    do_execsql_test 2.$tn.$s $q $res
    set t($s) [lindex [time [list execsql $q] 100] 0]
  }
  if {0} {
    puts "with optimization: $t(0)    without: $t(1)"
  }
}

do_test 2.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t2 USING fts4(order=DESC);
  }
  set num [list one two three four five six seven eight nine ten]

Changes to test/fuzzdata3.db.

cannot compute difference between binary files

Changes to test/index5.test. 

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    } elseif {$iNext==($iPrev-1)} { 
      incr nBackward 
    } else {
      incr nNoncont
    }
    set iPrev $iNext
  }

  puts -nonewline \
      " (forward=$nForward, back=$nBackward, noncontiguous=$nNoncont)"


  expr {$nForward > 2*($nBackward + $nNoncont)}
} {1}
db close
tvfs delete

finish_test








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    } elseif {$iNext==($iPrev-1)} { 
      incr nBackward 
    } else {
      incr nNoncont
    }
    set iPrev $iNext
  }
  if {0} {
    puts -nonewline \
        " (forward=$nForward, back=$nBackward, noncontiguous=$nNoncont)"
  }

  expr {$nForward > 2*($nBackward + $nNoncont)}
} {1}
db close
tvfs delete

finish_test

Changes to test/index6.test. 

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do_execsql_test index6-8.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t8a LEFT JOIN t8b ON (x = 'value' AND y = a)
} {
  1 one value 1 
  2 two {} {} 
  3 three value 3
}




















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do_execsql_test index6-8.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t8a LEFT JOIN t8b ON (x = 'value' AND y = a)
} {
  1 one value 1 
  2 two {} {} 
  3 three value 3
}

# 2015-06-11.  Assertion fault found by AFL
#
do_execsql_test index6-9.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t9(a int, b int, c int);
  CREATE INDEX t9ca ON t9(c,a) WHERE a in (10,12,20);
  INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(1,1,9),(10,2,35),(11,15,82),(20,19,5),(NULL,7,3);
  UPDATE t9 SET b=c WHERE a in (10,12,20);
  SELECT a,b,c,'|' FROM t9 ORDER BY a;
} {{} 7 3 | 1 1 9 | 10 35 35 | 11 15 82 | 20 5 5 |}
do_execsql_test index6-9.2 {
  DROP TABLE t9;
  CREATE TABLE t9(a int, b int, c int, PRIMARY KEY(a)) WITHOUT ROWID;
  CREATE INDEX t9ca ON t9(c,a) WHERE a in (10,12,20);
  INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(1,1,9),(10,2,35),(11,15,82),(20,19,5);
  UPDATE t9 SET b=c WHERE a in (10,12,20);
  SELECT a,b,c,'|' FROM t9 ORDER BY a;
} {1 1 9 | 10 35 35 | 11 15 82 | 20 5 5 |}


finish_test

Changes to test/join.test. 

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  if {[lsearch [db eval {PRAGMA compile_options}] MEMDEBUG]<0} {
    jointest join-12.10 65534 {1 {at most 64 tables in a join}}
    jointest join-12.11 65535 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65535}}
    jointest join-12.12 65536 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65535}}
    jointest join-12.13 65537 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65535}}
  }
}



























finish_test









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  if {[lsearch [db eval {PRAGMA compile_options}] MEMDEBUG]<0} {
    jointest join-12.10 65534 {1 {at most 64 tables in a join}}
    jointest join-12.11 65535 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65535}}
    jointest join-12.12 65536 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65535}}
    jointest join-12.13 65537 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65535}}
  }
}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test a problem with reordering tables following a LEFT JOIN.
#
do_execsql_test join-13.0 {
  CREATE TABLE aa(a);
  CREATE TABLE bb(b);
  CREATE TABLE cc(c);

  INSERT INTO aa VALUES(45);
  INSERT INTO cc VALUES(45);
  INSERT INTO cc VALUES(45);
}

do_execsql_test join-13.1 {
  SELECT * FROM aa LEFT JOIN bb, cc WHERE cc.c=aa.a;
} {45 {} 45 45 {} 45}

# In the following, the order of [cc] and [bb] must not be exchanged, even
# though this would be helpful if the query used an inner join.
do_execsql_test join-13.2 {
  CREATE INDEX ccc ON cc(c);
  SELECT * FROM aa LEFT JOIN bb, cc WHERE cc.c=aa.a;
} {45 {} 45 45 {} 45}


finish_test

Changes to test/permutations.test. 

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if {$::tcl_platform(platform)!="unix"} {
  set alltests [test_set $alltests -exclude crash.test crash2.test]
}
set alltests [test_set $alltests -exclude {
  all.test        async.test         quick.test  veryquick.test
  memleak.test    permutations.test  soak.test   fts3.test
  mallocAll.test  rtree.test         full.test   session.test

}]

set allquicktests [test_set $alltests -exclude {
  async2.test async3.test backup_ioerr.test corrupt.test
  corruptC.test crash.test crash2.test crash3.test crash4.test crash5.test
  crash6.test crash7.test delete3.test e_fts3.test fts3rnd.test
  fkey_malloc.test fuzz.test fuzz3.test fuzz_malloc.test in2.test loadext.test
................................................................................
#   veryquick
#   quick
#   full
#
lappend ::testsuitelist xxx

test_suite "veryquick" -prefix "" -description {
  "Very" quick test suite. Runs in less than 5 minutes on a workstation. 
  This test suite is the same as the "quick" tests, except that some files
  that test malloc and IO errors are omitted.
} -files [
  test_set $allquicktests -exclude *malloc* *ioerr* *fault*











]

test_suite "mmap" -prefix "mm-" -description {
  Similar to veryquick. Except with memory mapping enabled.
} -presql {
  pragma mmap_size = 268435456;
} -files [








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if {$::tcl_platform(platform)!="unix"} {
  set alltests [test_set $alltests -exclude crash.test crash2.test]
}
set alltests [test_set $alltests -exclude {
  all.test        async.test         quick.test  veryquick.test
  memleak.test    permutations.test  soak.test   fts3.test
  mallocAll.test  rtree.test         full.test   extraquick.test
  session.test
}]

set allquicktests [test_set $alltests -exclude {
  async2.test async3.test backup_ioerr.test corrupt.test
  corruptC.test crash.test crash2.test crash3.test crash4.test crash5.test
  crash6.test crash7.test delete3.test e_fts3.test fts3rnd.test
  fkey_malloc.test fuzz.test fuzz3.test fuzz_malloc.test in2.test loadext.test
................................................................................
#   veryquick
#   quick
#   full
#
lappend ::testsuitelist xxx

test_suite "veryquick" -prefix "" -description {
  "Very" quick test suite. Runs in minutes on a workstation.
  This test suite is the same as the "quick" tests, except that some files
  that test malloc and IO errors are omitted.
} -files [
  test_set $allquicktests -exclude *malloc* *ioerr* *fault* *bigfile*
]

test_suite "extraquick" -prefix "" -description {
  "Extra" quick test suite. Runs in a few minutes on a workstation.
  This test suite is the same as the "veryquick" tests, except that
  slower tests are omitted.
} -files [
  test_set $allquicktests -exclude *malloc* *ioerr* *fault* *bigfile* \
     wal3.test fts4merge* sort2.test mmap1.test walcrash* \
     percentile.test where8m.test walcksum.test savepoint3.test \
     fuzzer1.test fuzzer3.test fts3expr3.test
]

test_suite "mmap" -prefix "mm-" -description {
  Similar to veryquick. Except with memory mapping enabled.
} -presql {
  pragma mmap_size = 268435456;
} -files [

Changes to test/progress.test. 

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    CREATE TABLE abc(a, b, c);
    INSERT INTO abc VALUES(1, 2, 3);
    INSERT INTO abc VALUES(4, 5, 6);
    INSERT INTO abc VALUES(7, 8, 9);
  }

  set ::res [list]
  explain {SELECT a, b, c FROM abc} 
  db eval {SELECT a, b, c FROM abc} {
    lappend ::res $a $b $c
    db progress 5 "expr 1"
    catch {db eval {SELECT a, b, c FROM abc} { }} msg
    db progress 5 "expr 0"
    lappend ::res $msg
  }

  set ::res
} {1 2 3 interrupted 4 5 6 interrupted 7 8 9 interrupted}

finish_test








<













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    CREATE TABLE abc(a, b, c);
    INSERT INTO abc VALUES(1, 2, 3);
    INSERT INTO abc VALUES(4, 5, 6);
    INSERT INTO abc VALUES(7, 8, 9);
  }

  set ::res [list]

  db eval {SELECT a, b, c FROM abc} {
    lappend ::res $a $b $c
    db progress 5 "expr 1"
    catch {db eval {SELECT a, b, c FROM abc} { }} msg
    db progress 5 "expr 0"
    lappend ::res $msg
  }

  set ::res
} {1 2 3 interrupted 4 5 6 interrupted 7 8 9 interrupted}

finish_test

Changes to test/releasetest.tcl. 

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      }

      -info {
        puts "Command-line Options:"
        puts "   --srcdir $::SRCDIR"
        puts "   --platform [list $platform]"
        puts "   --config [list $config]"
        if {$::QUICK}     {puts "   --quick"}



        if {$::MSVC}      {puts "   --msvc"}
        if {$::BUILDONLY} {puts "   --buildonly"}
        if {$::DRYRUN}    {puts "   --dryrun"}
        if {$::TRACE}     {puts "   --trace"}
        puts "\nAvailable --platform options:"
        foreach y [lsort [array names ::Platforms]] {
          puts "   [list $y]"
................................................................................
    if {$::MSVC && ($zConfig eq "Sanitize" || "checksymbols" in $target
           || "valgrindtest" in $target)} {
      puts "Skipping $zConfig / $target for MSVC..."
      continue
    }
    if {$target ne "checksymbols"} {
      switch -- $::QUICK {
         1 {set target test}
         2 {set target smoketest}
      }
      if {$::BUILDONLY} {
        set target testfixture
        if {$::MSVC} {append target .exe}
      }
    }








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      }

      -info {
        puts "Command-line Options:"
        puts "   --srcdir $::SRCDIR"
        puts "   --platform [list $platform]"
        puts "   --config [list $config]"
        if {$::QUICK} {
          if {$::QUICK==1} {puts "   --quick"}
          if {$::QUICK==2} {puts "   --veryquick"}
        }
        if {$::MSVC}      {puts "   --msvc"}
        if {$::BUILDONLY} {puts "   --buildonly"}
        if {$::DRYRUN}    {puts "   --dryrun"}
        if {$::TRACE}     {puts "   --trace"}
        puts "\nAvailable --platform options:"
        foreach y [lsort [array names ::Platforms]] {
          puts "   [list $y]"
................................................................................
    if {$::MSVC && ($zConfig eq "Sanitize" || "checksymbols" in $target
           || "valgrindtest" in $target)} {
      puts "Skipping $zConfig / $target for MSVC..."
      continue
    }
    if {$target ne "checksymbols"} {
      switch -- $::QUICK {
         1 {set target quicktest}
         2 {set target smoketest}
      }
      if {$::BUILDONLY} {
        set target testfixture
        if {$::MSVC} {append target .exe}
      }
    }

Changes to test/select8.test. 

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  INSERT INTO songs VALUES(6,'two',11);
}
set result [execsql {
  SELECT DISTINCT artist,sum(timesplayed) AS total      
  FROM songs      
  GROUP BY LOWER(artist)      
}]
puts result=$result
do_test select8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT DISTINCT artist,sum(timesplayed) AS total      
    FROM songs      
    GROUP BY LOWER(artist)      
    LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
  }








<








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  INSERT INTO songs VALUES(6,'two',11);
}
set result [execsql {
  SELECT DISTINCT artist,sum(timesplayed) AS total      
  FROM songs      
  GROUP BY LOWER(artist)      
}]

do_test select8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    SELECT DISTINCT artist,sum(timesplayed) AS total      
    FROM songs      
    GROUP BY LOWER(artist)      
    LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1
  }

Changes to test/shared4.test. 

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# Test the btree mutex protocol for shared cache mode.
#
# $Id: shared4.test,v 1.2 2008/08/04 03:51:24 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
db close
puts hello

# This script is only valid if we are running shared-cache mode in a
# threadsafe-capable database engine.
#
ifcapable !shared_cache||!compound {
  finish_test
  return








<








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# Test the btree mutex protocol for shared cache mode.
#
# $Id: shared4.test,v 1.2 2008/08/04 03:51:24 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
db close


# This script is only valid if we are running shared-cache mode in a
# threadsafe-capable database engine.
#
ifcapable !shared_cache||!compound {
  finish_test
  return

Changes to test/sqldiff1.test. 

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set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

if {$tcl_platform(platform)=="windows"} {
  set PROG "sqldiff.exe"
} else {
  set PROG "./sqldiff"





}
db close
forcedelete test.db test2.db
sqlite3 db test.db

do_test sqldiff-1.0 {
  db eval {








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set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

if {$tcl_platform(platform)=="windows"} {
  set PROG "sqldiff.exe"
} else {
  set PROG "./sqldiff"
}
if {![file exe $PROG]} {
  puts "sqldiff cannot run because $PROG is not available"
  finish_test
  return
}
db close
forcedelete test.db test2.db
sqlite3 db test.db

do_test sqldiff-1.0 {
  db eval {

Changes to test/tester.tcl. 

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#
#      wal_is_wal_mode
#      wal_set_journal_mode   ?DB?
#      wal_check_journal_mode TESTNAME?DB?
#      permutation
#      presql
#







# Set the precision of FP arithmatic used by the interpreter. And
# configure SQLite to take database file locks on the page that begins
# 64KB into the database file instead of the one 1GB in. This means
# the code that handles that special case can be tested without creating
# very large database files.
#
................................................................................
  #   --backtrace=N
  #   --binarylog=N
  #   --soak=N
  #   --file-retries=N
  #   --file-retry-delay=N
  #   --start=[$permutation:]$testfile
  #   --match=$pattern



  #
  set cmdlinearg(soft-heap-limit)    0
  set cmdlinearg(maxerror)        1000
  set cmdlinearg(malloctrace)        0
  set cmdlinearg(backtrace)         10
  set cmdlinearg(binarylog)          0
  set cmdlinearg(soak)               0
  set cmdlinearg(file-retries)       0
  set cmdlinearg(file-retry-delay)   0
  set cmdlinearg(start)             ""
  set cmdlinearg(match)             ""



  set leftover [list]
  foreach a $argv {
    switch -regexp -- $a {
      {^-+pause$} {
        # Wait for user input before continuing. This is to give the user an
        # opportunity to connect profiling tools to the process.
................................................................................
      }
      {^-+match=.+$} {
        foreach {dummy cmdlinearg(match)} [split $a =] break

        set ::G(match) $cmdlinearg(match)
        if {$::G(match) == ""} {unset ::G(match)}
      }
















      default {
        lappend leftover $a
      }
    }
  }
  set argv $leftover

................................................................................
  }

  # Set the backtrace depth, if malloc tracing is enabled.
  #
  if {$cmdlinearg(malloctrace)} {
    sqlite3_memdebug_backtrace $cmdlinearg(backtrace)
  }










}

# Update the soft-heap-limit each time this script is run. In that
# way if an individual test file changes the soft-heap-limit, it
# will be reset at the start of the next test file.
#
sqlite3_soft_heap_limit $cmdlinearg(soft-heap-limit)
................................................................................
  set f [set_test_counter fail_list]
  lappend f $name
  set_test_counter fail_list $f
  set_test_counter errors [expr [set_test_counter errors] + 1]

  set nFail [set_test_counter errors]
  if {$nFail>=$::cmdlinearg(maxerror)} {
    puts "*** Giving up..."
    finalize_testing
  }
}

# Remember a warning message to be displayed at the conclusion of all testing
#
proc warning {msg {append 1}} {
  puts "Warning: $msg"
  set warnList [set_test_counter warn_list]
  if {$append} {
    lappend warnList $msg
  }
  set_test_counter warn_list $warnList
}


# Increment the number of tests run
#
proc incr_ntest {} {
  set_test_counter count [expr [set_test_counter count] + 1]
}

























































# Invoke the do_test procedure to run a single test
#
proc do_test {name cmd expected} {
  global argv cmdlinearg

................................................................................
#  }

  if {[info exists ::G(perm:prefix)]} {
    set name "$::G(perm:prefix)$name"
  }

  incr_ntest
  puts -nonewline $name...
  flush stdout

  if {![info exists ::G(match)] || [string match $::G(match) $name]} {
    if {[catch {uplevel #0 "$cmd;\n"} result]} {

      puts "\nError: $result"
      fail_test $name
    } else {
      if {[regexp {^~?/.*/$} $expected]} {
        # "expected" is of the form "/PATTERN/" then the result if correct if
        # regular expression PATTERN matches the result.  "~/PATTERN/" means
        # the regular expression must not match.
        if {[string index $expected 0]=="~"} {
................................................................................
      } else {
        set ok [expr {[string compare $result $expected]==0}]
      }
      if {!$ok} {
        # if {![info exists ::testprefix] || $::testprefix eq ""} {
        #   error "no test prefix"
        # }

        puts "\nExpected: \[$expected\]\n     Got: \[$result\]"
        fail_test $name
      } else {
        puts " Ok"
      }
    }
  } else {
    puts " Omitted"
    omit_test $name "pattern mismatch" 0
  }
  flush stdout
}

proc dumpbytes {s} {
  set r ""
................................................................................
  }
}

# Run an SQL script.
# Return the number of microseconds per statement.
#
proc speed_trial {name numstmt units sql} {
  puts -nonewline [format {%-21.21s } $name...]
  flush stdout
  set speed [time {sqlite3_exec_nr db $sql}]
  set tm [lindex $speed 0]
  if {$tm == 0} {
    set rate [format %20s "many"]
  } else {
    set rate [format %20.5f [expr {1000000.0*$numstmt/$tm}]]
  }
  set u2 $units/s
  puts [format {%12d uS %s %s} $tm $rate $u2]
  global total_time
  set total_time [expr {$total_time+$tm}]
  lappend ::speed_trial_times $name $tm
}
proc speed_trial_tcl {name numstmt units script} {
  puts -nonewline [format {%-21.21s } $name...]
  flush stdout
  set speed [time {eval $script}]
  set tm [lindex $speed 0]
  if {$tm == 0} {
    set rate [format %20s "many"]
  } else {
    set rate [format %20.5f [expr {1000000.0*$numstmt/$tm}]]
  }
  set u2 $units/s
  puts [format {%12d uS %s %s} $tm $rate $u2]
  global total_time
  set total_time [expr {$total_time+$tm}]
  lappend ::speed_trial_times $name $tm
}
proc speed_trial_init {name} {
  global total_time
  set total_time 0
  set ::speed_trial_times [list]
  sqlite3 versdb :memory:
  set vers [versdb one {SELECT sqlite_source_id()}]
  versdb close
  puts "SQLite $vers"
}
proc speed_trial_summary {name} {
  global total_time
  puts [format {%-21.21s %12d uS TOTAL} $name $total_time]

  if { 0 } {
    sqlite3 versdb :memory:
    set vers [lindex [versdb one {SELECT sqlite_source_id()}] 0]
    versdb close
    puts "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS time(version, script, test, us);"
    foreach {test us} $::speed_trial_times {
      puts "INSERT INTO time VALUES('$vers', '$name', '$test', $us);"
    }
  }
}

# Run this routine last
#
proc finish_test {} {
................................................................................
    close $fd
    foreach x $content {set known_error($x) 1}
    foreach x [set_test_counter fail_list] {
      if {[info exists known_error($x)]} {incr nKnown}
    }
  }
  if {$nKnown>0} {
    puts "[expr {$nErr-$nKnown}] new errors and $nKnown known errors\
         out of $nTest tests"
  } else {
    puts "$nErr errors out of $nTest tests"
  }
  if {$nErr>$nKnown} {
    puts -nonewline "Failures on these tests:"
    foreach x [set_test_counter fail_list] {
      if {![info exists known_error($x)]} {puts -nonewline " $x"}
    }
    puts ""
  }
  foreach warning [set_test_counter warn_list] {
    puts "Warning: $warning"
  }
  run_thread_tests 1
  if {[llength $omitList]>0} {
    puts "Omitted test cases:"
    set prec {}
    foreach {rec} [lsort $omitList] {
      if {$rec==$prec} continue
      set prec $rec
      puts [format {  %-12s %s} [lindex $rec 0] [lindex $rec 1]]
    }
  }
  if {$nErr>0 && ![working_64bit_int]} {
    puts "******************************************************************"
    puts "N.B.:  The version of TCL that you used to build this test harness"
    puts "is defective in that it does not support 64-bit integers.  Some or"
    puts "all of the test failures above might be a result from this defect"
    puts "in your TCL build."
    puts "******************************************************************"
  }
  if {$::cmdlinearg(binarylog)} {
    vfslog finalize binarylog
  }
  if {$sqlite_open_file_count} {
    puts "$sqlite_open_file_count files were left open"
    incr nErr
  }
  if {[lindex [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT 0] 1]>0 ||
              [sqlite3_memory_used]>0} {
    puts "Unfreed memory: [sqlite3_memory_used] bytes in\
         [lindex [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT 0] 1] allocations"
    incr nErr
    ifcapable memdebug||mem5||(mem3&&debug) {
      puts "Writing unfreed memory log to \"./memleak.txt\""
      sqlite3_memdebug_dump ./memleak.txt
    }
  } else {
    puts "All memory allocations freed - no leaks"
    ifcapable memdebug||mem5 {
      sqlite3_memdebug_dump ./memusage.txt
    }
  }
  show_memstats
  puts "Maximum memory usage: [sqlite3_memory_highwater 1] bytes"
  puts "Current memory usage: [sqlite3_memory_highwater] bytes"
  if {[info commands sqlite3_memdebug_malloc_count] ne ""} {
    puts "Number of malloc()  : [sqlite3_memdebug_malloc_count] calls"
  }
  if {$::cmdlinearg(malloctrace)} {
    puts "Writing mallocs.sql..."
    memdebug_log_sql
    sqlite3_memdebug_log stop
    sqlite3_memdebug_log clear

    if {[sqlite3_memory_used]>0} {
      puts "Writing leaks.sql..."
      sqlite3_memdebug_log sync
      memdebug_log_sql leaks.sql
    }
  }
  foreach f [glob -nocomplain test.db-*-journal] {
    forcedelete $f
  }
................................................................................
# Display memory statistics for analysis and debugging purposes.
#
proc show_memstats {} {
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED 0]
  set y [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d  max-size %10d} \
              [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2] [lindex $y 2]]
  puts "Memory used:          $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d} [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2]]
  puts "Allocation count:     $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED 0]
  set y [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d  max-size %10d} \
              [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2] [lindex $y 2]]
  puts "Page-cache used:      $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d} [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2]]
  puts "Page-cache overflow:  $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d} [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2]]
  puts "Scratch memory used:  $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW 0]
  set y [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d  max-size %10d} \
               [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2] [lindex $y 2]]
  puts "Scratch overflow:     $val"
  ifcapable yytrackmaxstackdepth {
    set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK 0]
    set val [format {               max %10d} [lindex $x 2]]
    puts "Parser stack depth:    $val"
  }
}

# A procedure to execute SQL
#
proc execsql {sql {db db}} {
  # puts "SQL = $sql"
................................................................................
  uplevel [list $db eval $sql]
}
proc execsql_timed {sql {db db}} {
  set tm [time {
    set x [uplevel [list $db eval $sql]]
  } 1]
  set tm [lindex $tm 0]
  puts -nonewline " ([expr {$tm*0.001}]ms) "
  set x
}

# Execute SQL and catch exceptions.
#
proc catchsql {sql {db db}} {
  # puts "SQL = $sql"
................................................................................
  lappend r $msg
  return $r
}

# Do an VDBE code dump on the SQL given
#
proc explain {sql {db db}} {
  puts ""
  puts "addr  opcode        p1      p2      p3      p4               p5  #"
  puts "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ---------------  --  -"
  $db eval "explain $sql" {} {
    puts [format {%-4d  %-12.12s  %-6d  %-6d  %-6d  % -17s %s  %s} \
      $addr $opcode $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $comment
    ]
  }
}

proc explain_i {sql {db db}} {
  puts ""
  puts "addr  opcode        p1      p2      p3      p4                p5  #"
  puts "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ----------------  --  -"


  # Set up colors for the different opcodes. Scheme is as follows:
  #
  #   Red:   Opcodes that write to a b-tree.
  #   Blue:  Opcodes that reposition or seek a cursor. 
  #   Green: The ResultRow opcode.
................................................................................
    if {$opcode == "Halt" && $comment == "End of coroutine"} {
      set linebreak([expr $addr+1]) 1
    }
  }

  $db eval "explain $sql" {} {
    if {[info exists linebreak($addr)]} {
      puts ""
    }
    set I [string repeat " " $x($addr)]

    set col ""
    catch { set col $color($opcode) }

    puts [format {%-4d  %s%s%-12.12s%s  %-6d  %-6d  %-6d  % -17s %s  %s} \
      $addr $I $col $opcode $D $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $comment
    ]
  }
  puts "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ----------------  --  -"
}

# Show the VDBE program for an SQL statement but omit the Trace
# opcode at the beginning.  This procedure can be used to prove
# that different SQL statements generate exactly the same VDBE code.
#
proc explain_no_trace {sql} {
................................................................................
      do_test $testname.$n.6 {
        catch {db close}
        catch {db2 close}
        set ::DB [sqlite3 db test.db; sqlite3_connection_pointer db]
        set nowcksum [cksum]
        set res [expr {$nowcksum==$::checksum || $nowcksum==$::goodcksum}]
        if {$res==0} {
          puts "now=$nowcksum"
          puts "the=$::checksum"
          puts "fwd=$::goodcksum"
        }
        set res
      } 1
    }

    set ::sqlite_io_error_hardhit 0
    set ::sqlite_io_error_pending 0
................................................................................
  foreach {var value} [list              \
    ::argv0 $::argv0                     \
    ::argv  {}                           \
    ::SLAVE 1                            \
  ] {
    interp eval tinterp [list set $var $value]
  }







  # The alias used to access the global test counters.
  tinterp alias set_test_counter set_test_counter

  # Set up the ::cmdlinearg array in the slave.
  interp eval tinterp [list array set ::cmdlinearg [array get ::cmdlinearg]]

................................................................................
  ifcapable shared_cache {
    set res [expr {[sqlite3_enable_shared_cache] == $scs}]
    do_test ${tail}-sharedcachesetting [list set {} $res] 1
  }

  # Add some info to the output.
  #
  puts "Time: $tail $ms ms"
  show_memstats
}

# Open a new connection on database test.db and execute the SQL script
# supplied as an argument. Before returning, close the new conection and
# restore the 4 byte fields starting at header offsets 28, 92 and 96
# to the values they held before the SQL was executed. This simulates








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#
#      wal_is_wal_mode
#      wal_set_journal_mode   ?DB?
#      wal_check_journal_mode TESTNAME?DB?
#      permutation
#      presql
#
# Command to test whether or not --verbose=1 was specified on the command
# line (returns 0 for not-verbose, 1 for verbose and 2 for "verbose in the
# output file only").
#
#      verbose
#

# Set the precision of FP arithmatic used by the interpreter. And
# configure SQLite to take database file locks on the page that begins
# 64KB into the database file instead of the one 1GB in. This means
# the code that handles that special case can be tested without creating
# very large database files.
#
................................................................................
  #   --backtrace=N
  #   --binarylog=N
  #   --soak=N
  #   --file-retries=N
  #   --file-retry-delay=N
  #   --start=[$permutation:]$testfile
  #   --match=$pattern
  #   --verbose=$val
  #   --output=$filename
  #   --help
  #
  set cmdlinearg(soft-heap-limit)    0
  set cmdlinearg(maxerror)        1000
  set cmdlinearg(malloctrace)        0
  set cmdlinearg(backtrace)         10
  set cmdlinearg(binarylog)          0
  set cmdlinearg(soak)               0
  set cmdlinearg(file-retries)       0
  set cmdlinearg(file-retry-delay)   0
  set cmdlinearg(start)             ""
  set cmdlinearg(match)             ""
  set cmdlinearg(verbose)           ""
  set cmdlinearg(output)            ""

  set leftover [list]
  foreach a $argv {
    switch -regexp -- $a {
      {^-+pause$} {
        # Wait for user input before continuing. This is to give the user an
        # opportunity to connect profiling tools to the process.
................................................................................
      }
      {^-+match=.+$} {
        foreach {dummy cmdlinearg(match)} [split $a =] break

        set ::G(match) $cmdlinearg(match)
        if {$::G(match) == ""} {unset ::G(match)}
      }

      {^-+output=.+$} {
        foreach {dummy cmdlinearg(output)} [split $a =] break
        if {$cmdlinearg(verbose)==""} {
          set cmdlinearg(verbose) 2
        }
      }
      {^-+verbose=.+$} {
        foreach {dummy cmdlinearg(verbose)} [split $a =] break
        if {$cmdlinearg(verbose)=="file"} {
          set cmdlinearg(verbose) 2
        } elseif {[string is boolean -strict $cmdlinearg(verbose)]==0} {
          error "option --verbose= must be set to a boolean or to \"file\""
        }
      }

      default {
        lappend leftover $a
      }
    }
  }
  set argv $leftover

................................................................................
  }

  # Set the backtrace depth, if malloc tracing is enabled.
  #
  if {$cmdlinearg(malloctrace)} {
    sqlite3_memdebug_backtrace $cmdlinearg(backtrace)
  }

  if {$cmdlinearg(output)!=""} {
    puts "Copying output to file $cmdlinearg(output)"
    set ::G(output_fd) [open $cmdlinearg(output) w]
    fconfigure $::G(output_fd) -buffering line
  }

  if {$cmdlinearg(verbose)==""} {
    set cmdlinearg(verbose) 1
  }
}

# Update the soft-heap-limit each time this script is run. In that
# way if an individual test file changes the soft-heap-limit, it
# will be reset at the start of the next test file.
#
sqlite3_soft_heap_limit $cmdlinearg(soft-heap-limit)
................................................................................
  set f [set_test_counter fail_list]
  lappend f $name
  set_test_counter fail_list $f
  set_test_counter errors [expr [set_test_counter errors] + 1]

  set nFail [set_test_counter errors]
  if {$nFail>=$::cmdlinearg(maxerror)} {
    output2 "*** Giving up..."
    finalize_testing
  }
}

# Remember a warning message to be displayed at the conclusion of all testing
#
proc warning {msg {append 1}} {
  output2 "Warning: $msg"
  set warnList [set_test_counter warn_list]
  if {$append} {
    lappend warnList $msg
  }
  set_test_counter warn_list $warnList
}


# Increment the number of tests run
#
proc incr_ntest {} {
  set_test_counter count [expr [set_test_counter count] + 1]
}

# Return true if --verbose=1 was specified on the command line. Otherwise,
# return false.
#
proc verbose {} {
  return $::cmdlinearg(verbose)
}

# Use the following commands instead of [puts] for test output within
# this file. Test scripts can still use regular [puts], which is directed
# to stdout and, if one is open, the --output file.
#
# output1: output that should be printed if --verbose=1 was specified.
# output2: output that should be printed unconditionally.
# output2_if_no_verbose: output that should be printed only if --verbose=0.
#
proc output1 {args} {
  set v [verbose]
  if {$v==1} {
    uplevel output2 $args
  } elseif {$v==2} {
    uplevel puts [lrange $args 0 end-1] $::G(output_fd) [lrange $args end end]
  }
}
proc output2 {args} {
  set nArg [llength $args]
  uplevel puts $args
}
proc output2_if_no_verbose {args} {
  set v [verbose]
  if {$v==0} {
    uplevel output2 $args
  } elseif {$v==2} {
    uplevel puts [lrange $args 0 end-1] stdout [lrange $args end end]
  }
}

# Override the [puts] command so that if no channel is explicitly 
# specified the string is written to both stdout and to the file 
# specified by "--output=", if any.
#
proc puts_override {args} {
  set nArg [llength $args]
  if {$nArg==1 || ($nArg==2 && [string first [lindex $args 0] -nonewline]==0)} {
    uplevel puts_original $args
    if {[info exists ::G(output_fd)]} {
      uplevel puts [lrange $args 0 end-1] $::G(output_fd) [lrange $args end end]
    }
  } else {
    # A channel was explicitly specified.
    uplevel puts_original $args
  }
}
rename puts puts_original
proc puts {args} { uplevel puts_override $args }


# Invoke the do_test procedure to run a single test
#
proc do_test {name cmd expected} {
  global argv cmdlinearg

................................................................................
#  }

  if {[info exists ::G(perm:prefix)]} {
    set name "$::G(perm:prefix)$name"
  }

  incr_ntest
  output1 -nonewline $name...
  flush stdout

  if {![info exists ::G(match)] || [string match $::G(match) $name]} {
    if {[catch {uplevel #0 "$cmd;\n"} result]} {
      output2_if_no_verbose -nonewline $name...
      output2 "\nError: $result"
      fail_test $name
    } else {
      if {[regexp {^~?/.*/$} $expected]} {
        # "expected" is of the form "/PATTERN/" then the result if correct if
        # regular expression PATTERN matches the result.  "~/PATTERN/" means
        # the regular expression must not match.
        if {[string index $expected 0]=="~"} {
................................................................................
      } else {
        set ok [expr {[string compare $result $expected]==0}]
      }
      if {!$ok} {
        # if {![info exists ::testprefix] || $::testprefix eq ""} {
        #   error "no test prefix"
        # }
        output2_if_no_verbose -nonewline $name...
        output2 "\nExpected: \[$expected\]\n     Got: \[$result\]"
        fail_test $name
      } else {
        output1 " Ok"
      }
    }
  } else {
    output1 " Omitted"
    omit_test $name "pattern mismatch" 0
  }
  flush stdout
}

proc dumpbytes {s} {
  set r ""
................................................................................
  }
}

# Run an SQL script.
# Return the number of microseconds per statement.
#
proc speed_trial {name numstmt units sql} {
  output2 -nonewline [format {%-21.21s } $name...]
  flush stdout
  set speed [time {sqlite3_exec_nr db $sql}]
  set tm [lindex $speed 0]
  if {$tm == 0} {
    set rate [format %20s "many"]
  } else {
    set rate [format %20.5f [expr {1000000.0*$numstmt/$tm}]]
  }
  set u2 $units/s
  output2 [format {%12d uS %s %s} $tm $rate $u2]
  global total_time
  set total_time [expr {$total_time+$tm}]
  lappend ::speed_trial_times $name $tm
}
proc speed_trial_tcl {name numstmt units script} {
  output2 -nonewline [format {%-21.21s } $name...]
  flush stdout
  set speed [time {eval $script}]
  set tm [lindex $speed 0]
  if {$tm == 0} {
    set rate [format %20s "many"]
  } else {
    set rate [format %20.5f [expr {1000000.0*$numstmt/$tm}]]
  }
  set u2 $units/s
  output2 [format {%12d uS %s %s} $tm $rate $u2]
  global total_time
  set total_time [expr {$total_time+$tm}]
  lappend ::speed_trial_times $name $tm
}
proc speed_trial_init {name} {
  global total_time
  set total_time 0
  set ::speed_trial_times [list]
  sqlite3 versdb :memory:
  set vers [versdb one {SELECT sqlite_source_id()}]
  versdb close
  output2 "SQLite $vers"
}
proc speed_trial_summary {name} {
  global total_time
  output2 [format {%-21.21s %12d uS TOTAL} $name $total_time]

  if { 0 } {
    sqlite3 versdb :memory:
    set vers [lindex [versdb one {SELECT sqlite_source_id()}] 0]
    versdb close
    output2 "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS time(version, script, test, us);"
    foreach {test us} $::speed_trial_times {
      output2 "INSERT INTO time VALUES('$vers', '$name', '$test', $us);"
    }
  }
}

# Run this routine last
#
proc finish_test {} {
................................................................................
    close $fd
    foreach x $content {set known_error($x) 1}
    foreach x [set_test_counter fail_list] {
      if {[info exists known_error($x)]} {incr nKnown}
    }
  }
  if {$nKnown>0} {
    output2 "[expr {$nErr-$nKnown}] new errors and $nKnown known errors\
         out of $nTest tests"
  } else {
    output2 "$nErr errors out of $nTest tests"
  }
  if {$nErr>$nKnown} {
    output2 -nonewline "Failures on these tests:"
    foreach x [set_test_counter fail_list] {
      if {![info exists known_error($x)]} {output2 -nonewline " $x"}
    }
    output2 ""
  }
  foreach warning [set_test_counter warn_list] {
    output2 "Warning: $warning"
  }
  run_thread_tests 1
  if {[llength $omitList]>0} {
    output2 "Omitted test cases:"
    set prec {}
    foreach {rec} [lsort $omitList] {
      if {$rec==$prec} continue
      set prec $rec
      output2 [format {  %-12s %s} [lindex $rec 0] [lindex $rec 1]]
    }
  }
  if {$nErr>0 && ![working_64bit_int]} {
    output2 "******************************************************************"
    output2 "N.B.:  The version of TCL that you used to build this test harness"
    output2 "is defective in that it does not support 64-bit integers.  Some or"
    output2 "all of the test failures above might be a result from this defect"
    output2 "in your TCL build."
    output2 "******************************************************************"
  }
  if {$::cmdlinearg(binarylog)} {
    vfslog finalize binarylog
  }
  if {$sqlite_open_file_count} {
    output2 "$sqlite_open_file_count files were left open"
    incr nErr
  }
  if {[lindex [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT 0] 1]>0 ||
              [sqlite3_memory_used]>0} {
    output2 "Unfreed memory: [sqlite3_memory_used] bytes in\
         [lindex [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT 0] 1] allocations"
    incr nErr
    ifcapable memdebug||mem5||(mem3&&debug) {
      output2 "Writing unfreed memory log to \"./memleak.txt\""
      sqlite3_memdebug_dump ./memleak.txt
    }
  } else {
    output2 "All memory allocations freed - no leaks"
    ifcapable memdebug||mem5 {
      sqlite3_memdebug_dump ./memusage.txt
    }
  }
  show_memstats
  output2 "Maximum memory usage: [sqlite3_memory_highwater 1] bytes"
  output2 "Current memory usage: [sqlite3_memory_highwater] bytes"
  if {[info commands sqlite3_memdebug_malloc_count] ne ""} {
    output2 "Number of malloc()  : [sqlite3_memdebug_malloc_count] calls"
  }
  if {$::cmdlinearg(malloctrace)} {
    output2 "Writing mallocs.sql..."
    memdebug_log_sql
    sqlite3_memdebug_log stop
    sqlite3_memdebug_log clear

    if {[sqlite3_memory_used]>0} {
      output2 "Writing leaks.sql..."
      sqlite3_memdebug_log sync
      memdebug_log_sql leaks.sql
    }
  }
  foreach f [glob -nocomplain test.db-*-journal] {
    forcedelete $f
  }
................................................................................
# Display memory statistics for analysis and debugging purposes.
#
proc show_memstats {} {
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED 0]
  set y [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d  max-size %10d} \
              [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2] [lindex $y 2]]
  output1 "Memory used:          $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d} [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2]]
  output1 "Allocation count:     $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED 0]
  set y [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d  max-size %10d} \
              [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2] [lindex $y 2]]
  output1 "Page-cache used:      $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d} [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2]]
  output1 "Page-cache overflow:  $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d} [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2]]
  output1 "Scratch memory used:  $val"
  set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW 0]
  set y [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE 0]
  set val [format {now %10d  max %10d  max-size %10d} \
               [lindex $x 1] [lindex $x 2] [lindex $y 2]]
  output1 "Scratch overflow:     $val"
  ifcapable yytrackmaxstackdepth {
    set x [sqlite3_status SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK 0]
    set val [format {               max %10d} [lindex $x 2]]
    output2 "Parser stack depth:    $val"
  }
}

# A procedure to execute SQL
#
proc execsql {sql {db db}} {
  # puts "SQL = $sql"
................................................................................
  uplevel [list $db eval $sql]
}
proc execsql_timed {sql {db db}} {
  set tm [time {
    set x [uplevel [list $db eval $sql]]
  } 1]
  set tm [lindex $tm 0]
  output1 -nonewline " ([expr {$tm*0.001}]ms) "
  set x
}

# Execute SQL and catch exceptions.
#
proc catchsql {sql {db db}} {
  # puts "SQL = $sql"
................................................................................
  lappend r $msg
  return $r
}

# Do an VDBE code dump on the SQL given
#
proc explain {sql {db db}} {
  output2 ""
  output2 "addr  opcode        p1      p2      p3      p4               p5  #"
  output2 "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ---------------  --  -"
  $db eval "explain $sql" {} {
    output2 [format {%-4d  %-12.12s  %-6d  %-6d  %-6d  % -17s %s  %s} \
      $addr $opcode $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $comment
    ]
  }
}

proc explain_i {sql {db db}} {
  output2 ""
  output2 "addr  opcode        p1      p2      p3      p4                p5  #"
  output2 "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ----------------  --  -"


  # Set up colors for the different opcodes. Scheme is as follows:
  #
  #   Red:   Opcodes that write to a b-tree.
  #   Blue:  Opcodes that reposition or seek a cursor. 
  #   Green: The ResultRow opcode.
................................................................................
    if {$opcode == "Halt" && $comment == "End of coroutine"} {
      set linebreak([expr $addr+1]) 1
    }
  }

  $db eval "explain $sql" {} {
    if {[info exists linebreak($addr)]} {
      output2 ""
    }
    set I [string repeat " " $x($addr)]

    set col ""
    catch { set col $color($opcode) }

    output2 [format {%-4d  %s%s%-12.12s%s  %-6d  %-6d  %-6d  % -17s %s  %s} \
      $addr $I $col $opcode $D $p1 $p2 $p3 $p4 $p5 $comment
    ]
  }
  output2 "----  ------------  ------  ------  ------  ----------------  --  -"
}

# Show the VDBE program for an SQL statement but omit the Trace
# opcode at the beginning.  This procedure can be used to prove
# that different SQL statements generate exactly the same VDBE code.
#
proc explain_no_trace {sql} {
................................................................................
      do_test $testname.$n.6 {
        catch {db close}
        catch {db2 close}
        set ::DB [sqlite3 db test.db; sqlite3_connection_pointer db]
        set nowcksum [cksum]
        set res [expr {$nowcksum==$::checksum || $nowcksum==$::goodcksum}]
        if {$res==0} {
          output2 "now=$nowcksum"
          output2 "the=$::checksum"
          output2 "fwd=$::goodcksum"
        }
        set res
      } 1
    }

    set ::sqlite_io_error_hardhit 0
    set ::sqlite_io_error_pending 0
................................................................................
  foreach {var value} [list              \
    ::argv0 $::argv0                     \
    ::argv  {}                           \
    ::SLAVE 1                            \
  ] {
    interp eval tinterp [list set $var $value]
  }

  # If output is being copied into a file, share the file-descriptor with
  # the interpreter.
  if {[info exists ::G(output_fd)]} {
    interp share {} $::G(output_fd) tinterp
  }

  # The alias used to access the global test counters.
  tinterp alias set_test_counter set_test_counter

  # Set up the ::cmdlinearg array in the slave.
  interp eval tinterp [list array set ::cmdlinearg [array get ::cmdlinearg]]

................................................................................
  ifcapable shared_cache {
    set res [expr {[sqlite3_enable_shared_cache] == $scs}]
    do_test ${tail}-sharedcachesetting [list set {} $res] 1
  }

  # Add some info to the output.
  #
  output2 "Time: $tail $ms ms"
  show_memstats
}

# Open a new connection on database test.db and execute the SQL script
# supplied as an argument. Before returning, close the new conection and
# restore the 4 byte fields starting at header offsets 28, 92 and 96
# to the values they held before the SQL was executed. This simulates

Changes to test/vtab1.test. 

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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test cases vtab1.1.*
#

# We cannot create a virtual table if the module has not been registered.
#
do_test vtab1-1.1.1 {
  explain {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING echo;
  }
  catchsql {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING echo;
  }
} {1 {no such module: echo}}
do_test vtab1-1.1.2 {
  catchsql {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 USING echo;








<
<
<








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#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test cases vtab1.1.*
#

# We cannot create a virtual table if the module has not been registered.
#
do_test vtab1-1.1.1 {



  catchsql {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING echo;
  }
} {1 {no such module: echo}}
do_test vtab1-1.1.2 {
  catchsql {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE IF NOT EXISTS t1 USING echo;

Changes to tool/mksqlite3c.tcl. 

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   mem5.c
   mutex.c
   mutex_noop.c
   mutex_unix.c
   mutex_w32.c
   malloc.c
   printf.c

   random.c
   threads.c
   utf.c
   util.c
   hash.c
   opcodes.c

................................................................................
   prepare.c
   select.c
   table.c
   trigger.c
   update.c
   vacuum.c
   vtab.c


   where.c

   parse.c

   tokenize.c
   complete.c









>







 







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   mem5.c
   mutex.c
   mutex_noop.c
   mutex_unix.c
   mutex_w32.c
   malloc.c
   printf.c
   treeview.c
   random.c
   threads.c
   utf.c
   util.c
   hash.c
   opcodes.c

................................................................................
   prepare.c
   select.c
   table.c
   trigger.c
   update.c
   vacuum.c
   vtab.c
   wherecode.c
   whereexpr.c
   where.c

   parse.c

   tokenize.c
   complete.c

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