SQLite

** on how SQLite interfaces are suppose to operate.
**
** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
** part of the build process.
**













** @(#) $Id: sqlite.h.in,v 1.275 2007/12/05 18:05:16 drh Exp $
*/
#ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
#define _SQLITE3_H_
#include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */

/*
** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.

# undef SQLITE_VERSION
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
# undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
#endif

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers {F10010}
**
** {F10011} The version of the SQLite library is contained in the sqlite3.h
** header file in a #define named SQLITE_VERSION.  {F10012} The SQLITE_VERSION
** macro resolves to a string constant.
**
** {F10013} The format of the version string is "X.Y.Z", where
** X is the major version number, Y is the minor version number and Z
** is the release number.  The X.Y.Z might be followed by "alpha" or "beta".
** For example "3.1.1beta". {END}
**
** The X value is always 3 in SQLite.  The X value only changes when
** backwards compatibility is broken and we intend to never break
** backwards compatibility.  The Y value only changes when
** there are major feature enhancements that are forwards compatible
** but not backwards compatible.  The Z value is incremented with
** each release but resets back to 0 when Y is incremented.
**
** {F10014} The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER is an integer with the value 



** (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z). For example, for version "3.1.1beta", 
** SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER is set to 3001001. To detect if they are using 
** version 3.1.1 or greater at compile time, programs may use the test 
** (SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER>=3001001). {END}

**
** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()] and [sqlite3_libversion_number()].
*/
#define SQLITE_VERSION         "--VERS--"
#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER --VERSION-NUMBER--

/*
** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers {F10020}
**
** {F10021} These routines return values equivalent to the header constants
** [SQLITE_VERSION] and [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  {END} The values returned
** by this routines should only be different from the header values
** if the application is compiled using an sqlite3.h header from a
** different version of SQLite than library.  Cautious programmers might
** include a check in their application to verify that 
** sqlite3_libversion_number() always returns the value 

** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].
**
** {F10022} The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of the
** [SQLITE_VERSION] string. {F10023} The sqlite3_libversion() function returns
** a poiner to the sqlite3_version[] string constant. {END} The function

** is provided for DLL users who can only access functions and not
** constants within the DLL.
*/
SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
const char *sqlite3_libversion(void);
int sqlite3_libversion_number(void);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe {F10100}
**
** {F10101} This routine returns TRUE (nonzero) if SQLite was compiled with
** all of its mutexes enabled and is thus threadsafe.  {F10102} It returns
** zero if the particular build is for single-threaded operation
** only. {END}
**
** {F10103} Really all this routine does is return true if SQLite was
** compiled with the -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 option and false if
** compiled with -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0.  {U10104} If SQLite uses an
** application-defined mutex subsystem, malloc subsystem, collating
** sequence, VFS, SQL function, progress callback, commit hook,
** extension, or other accessories and these add-ons are not
** threadsafe, then clearly the combination will not be threadsafe
** either.  {END} Hence, this routine never reports that the library
** is guaranteed to be threadsafe, only when it is guaranteed not
** to be.
*/
int sqlite3_threadsafe(void);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle {F12000}
**
** Each open SQLite database is represented by pointer to an instance of the
** opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors
** and [sqlite3_close()] is its destructor.  There are many other interfaces
** (such as [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on this
** object.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;


/*
** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types {F10200}
**
** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify such types
** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
** {F10201} The sqlite_int64 and sqlite3_int64 types specify a
** 64-bit signed integer. {F10202} The sqlite_uint64 and
** sqlite3_uint64 types specify a 64-bit unsigned integer. {END}
**



** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type
** definitions.  The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are
** supported for backwards compatibility only.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
  typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
  typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
  typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;

** substitute integer for floating-point
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
# define double sqlite3_int64
#endif

/*
** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection {F12010}
**
** {F12010} Call this function with a pointer to a structure that was 




** previously returned from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] and the corresponding database will by

** closed. {END}
**
** {F12011} All SQL statements prepared using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] must be destroyed using [sqlite3_finalize()]


** before this routine is called. Otherwise, SQLITE_BUSY is returned and the
** database connection remains open. {END}
**
** {U12012} Passing this routine a database connection that has already been
** closed results in undefined behavior. {U12013} If other interfaces that
** reference the same database connection are pending (either in the
** same thread or in different threads) when this routine is called,
** then the behavior is undefined and is almost certainly undesirable.
*/
int sqlite3_close(sqlite3 *);

/*
** The type for a callback function.
** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
** compatibility and is not documented.
*/
typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);

/*
** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface {F12100}
**
** {F12101} The sqlite3_exec() interface evaluates zero or more 







** UTF-8 encoded, semicolon-separated SQL
** statements provided as its second argument.  {F12102} The SQL
** statements are evaluated in the context of the database connection

** provided in the first argument.
** {F12103} SQL statements are prepared one by one using
** [sqlite3_prepare()] or the equivalent, evaluated
** using one or more calls to [sqlite3_step()], then destroyed
** using [sqlite3_finalize()]. {F12104} The return value of


** sqlite3_exec() is SQLITE_OK if all SQL statement run


** successfully.
**
** {F12105} If one or more of the SQL statements handed to
** sqlite3_exec() are queries, then
** the callback function specified by the 3rd parameter is
** invoked once for each row of the query result. {F12106}


** If the callback returns a non-zero value then the query
** is aborted, all subsequent SQL statements

** are skipped and the sqlite3_exec() function returns the [SQLITE_ABORT].
**
** {F12107} The 4th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is an arbitrary pointer
** that is passed through to the callback function as its first parameter.
**

** {F12108} The 2nd parameter to the callback function is the number of
** columns in the query result.  {F12109} The 3rd parameter to the callback

** is an array of pointers to strings holding the values for each column
** as extracted using [sqlite3_column_text()].  NULL values in the result
** set result in a NULL pointer.  All other value are in their UTF-8
** string representation. {F12110}
** The 4th parameter to the callback is an array of strings

** obtained using [sqlite3_column_name()] and holding
** the names of each column, also in UTF-8.
**
** {F12110} The callback function may be NULL, even for queries.  A NULL
** callback is not an error.  It just means that no callback
** will be invoked. 
**
** {F12112} If an error occurs while parsing or evaluating the SQL

** then an appropriate error message is written into memory obtained
** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and *errmsg is made to point to that message
** assuming errmsg is not NULL.  {U12113} The calling function
** is responsible for freeing the memory using [sqlite3_free()].
** {F12114} If errmsg==NULL, then no error message is ever written.





**
** {F12115} The return value is is SQLITE_OK if there are no errors and
** some other [SQLITE_OK | return code] if there is an error.  
** The particular return value depends on the type of error.  {END}
*/
int sqlite3_exec(
  sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluted */
  int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
  void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Result Codes {F10210}
** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_OK
**
** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
** above in order to indicates success or failure.
**
** {F10211} The result codes above are the only ones returned by SQLite in its
** default configuration. {F10212} However, the
** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API can be used to set a database
** connectoin to return more detailed result codes. {END}
**
** See also: [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes]
**
*/
#define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
/* beginning-of-error-codes */
#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */

#define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
#define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
#define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
#define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
/* end-of-error-codes */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes {F10220}
**
** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 26 integer
** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that
** many of these result codes are too course-grained.  They do not provide as
** much information about problems as users might like.  In an effort to
** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
** about errors. {F10221} The extended result codes are enabled or disabled

** for each database connection using the [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()]
** API. {END}
** 
** Some of the available extended result codes are listed above.
** We expect the number of extended result codes will be expand
** over time.  {U10422} Software that uses extended result codes should expect
** to see new result codes in future releases of SQLite. {END}
** 
** {F10223} The symbolic name for an extended result code always contains
** a related primary result code as a prefix. {F10224} Primary result
** codes contain a single "_" character.  {F10225} Extended result codes
** contain two or more "_" characters. {F10226} The numeric value of an
** extended result code can be converted to its
** corresponding primary result code by masking off the lower 8 bytes. {END}
**
** The SQLITE_OK result code will never be extended.  It will always
** be exactly zero.
*/
#define SQLITE_IOERR_READ          (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ    (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC     (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE      (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT         (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK        (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE        (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED       (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM         (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations {F10230}
**
** {F10231} Some combination of the these bit values are used as the
** third argument to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
** as fourth argument to the xOpen method of the
** [sqlite3_vfs] object.

*/
#define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001
#define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002
#define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004
#define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008
#define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010
#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100
#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200
#define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400
#define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800
#define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000
#define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000
#define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000

/*
** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics {F10240}
**
** {F10241} The xDeviceCapabilities method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
** object returns an integer which is a vector of the these
** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
** refers to. {END}
**
** {F10242} The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
** any size are atomic.  {F10243} The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
** nnn are atomic.  {F10244} The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
** way around.  {F10245} The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
** to xWrite().
*/
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC          0x00000001
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512       0x00000002
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K        0x00000004
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K        0x00000008
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K        0x00000010
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K        0x00000020
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K       0x00000040
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K       0x00000080
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K       0x00000100
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND     0x00000200
#define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL      0x00000400

/*
** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels {F10250}
**
** {F10251} SQLite uses one of the following integer values as the second
** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object. {END}
*/
#define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
#define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
#define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
#define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
#define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4

/*
** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags {F10260}
**
** {F10261} When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of the
** these integer values as the second argument.
**
** {F10262} When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
** information need not be flushed. {F10263} The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL means 
** to use normal fsync() semantics. {F10264} The SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flag means 
** to use Mac OS-X style fullsync instead of fsync().
*/
#define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
#define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
#define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010


/*
** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle {F11110}
**
** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the OS
** interface layer.  Individual OS interface implementations will
** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
** I/O operations on the open file.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
struct sqlite3_file {
  const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
};

/*
** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object {F11120}
**
** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs] xOpen method contains a pointer to

** an instance of the this object.  This object defines the
** methods used to perform various operations against the open file.
**


** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or

** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
*  The second choice is an
** OS-X style fullsync.  The SQLITE_SYNC_DATA flag may be ORed in to
** indicate that only the data of the file and not its inode needs to be
** synced.


** 
** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
** <ul>
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or

  int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
  int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
  int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
  /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
};

/*
** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes {F11310}
**
** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and to the [sqlite3_file_control()]
** interface.
**
** {F11311} The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
** opcode cases the xFileControl method to write the current state of
** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. {F11312} This capability
** is used during testing and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST
** is defined.
*/
#define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE        1

/*
** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle {F17110}
**
** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
**
** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;

/*
** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object {F11140}
**
** An instance of this object defines the interface between the
** SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".
**
** The iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger for future
** versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this

  int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
  int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
  /* New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
  ** value will increment whenever this happens. */
};

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method {F11150}
**
** {F11151} These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object. {END}  They determine
** the kind of what kind of permissions the xAccess method is
** looking for.  {F11152} With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
** simply checks to see if the file exists. {F11153} With
** SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method checks to see
** if the file is both readable and writable.  {F11154} With
** SQLITE_ACCESS_READ the xAccess method
** checks to see if the file is readable.
*/
#define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1
#define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2

/*
** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes {F12200}
**
** {F12201} This routine enables or disables the
** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes] feature. {F12202}
** By default, SQLite API routines return one of only 26 integer
** [SQLITE_OK | result codes].  {F12203} When extended result codes
** are enabled by this routine, the repetoire of result codes can be
** much larger and can (hopefully) provide more detailed information
** about the cause of an error.
**

** {F12204} The second argument is a boolean value that turns extended result
** codes on and off. {F12205} Extended result codes are off by default for
** backwards compatibility with older versions of SQLite.
*/
int sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid {F12220}
**
** {F12221} Each entry in an SQLite table has a unique 64-bit signed
** integer key called the "rowid".  {F12222} The rowid is always available
** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. {F12223} If
** the table has a column of type INTEGER PRIMARY KEY then that column
** is another an alias for the rowid.
**
** {F12224} This routine returns the rowid of the most recent
** successful INSERT into the database from the database connection
** shown in the first argument.  {F12225} If no successful inserts
** have ever occurred on this database connection, zero is returned.
**
** {F12226} If an INSERT occurs within a trigger, then the rowid of the
** inserted row is returned by this routine as long as the trigger
** is running.  {F12227} But once the trigger terminates, the value returned
** by this routine reverts to the last value inserted before the
** trigger fired.
**
** {F12228} An INSERT that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
** successful insert and does not change the value returned by this
** routine.  {F12229} Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
** routine when their insertion fails.  {F12231} When INSERT OR REPLACE 
** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
** the return value of this interface. 
**
** {UF12232} If another thread does a new insert on the same database connection
** while this routine is running and thus changes the last insert rowid,
** then the return value of this routine is undefined.
*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified {F12240}
**
** {F12241} This function returns the number of database rows that were changed
** or inserted or deleted by the most recently completed SQL statement
** on the connection specified by the first parameter. {F12242} Only
** changes that are directly specified by the INSERT, UPDATE, or
** DELETE statement are counted.  Auxiliary changes caused by
** triggers are not counted. {F12243} Use the [sqlite3_total_changes()] function
** to find the total number of changes including changes caused by triggers.
**
** {F12244} Within the body of a trigger, the sqlite3_changes() interface can be
** called to find the number of
** changes in the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
** statement within the body of the trigger.
**
** {F12245} All changes are counted, even if they were later undone by a
** ROLLBACK or ABORT.  {F12246} Except, changes associated with creating and
** dropping tables are not counted.
**
** {F12247} If a callback invokes [sqlite3_exec()] or [sqlite3_step()]
** recursively, then the changes in the inner, recursive call are
** counted together with the changes in the outer call.
**
** {F12248} SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without
** a WHERE clause by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much
** faster than going through and deleting individual elements from the
** table.)  Because of this optimization, the change count for 
** "DELETE FROM table" will be zero regardless of the number of elements
** that were originally in the table. {F12251} To get an accurate count
** of the number of rows deleted, use
** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
**
** {UF12252} If another thread makes changes on the same database connection
** while this routine is running then the return value of this routine
** is undefined.
*/
int sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified {F12260}
***
** {F12261} This function returns the number of database rows that have been
** modified by INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statements since the database handle
** was opened. {F12262} The count includes UPDATE, INSERT and DELETE 
** statements executed as part of trigger programs.  {F12263} All changes
** are counted as soon as the statement that makes them is completed 
** (when the statement handle is passed to [sqlite3_reset()] or 
** [sqlite3_finalize()]). {END}
**
** See also the [sqlite3_change()] interface.
**
** SQLite implements the command "DELETE FROM table" without a WHERE clause
** by dropping and recreating the table.  (This is much faster than going
** through and deleting individual elements form the table.)  Because of
** this optimization, the change count for "DELETE FROM table" will be
** zero regardless of the number of elements that were originally in the
** table. To get an accurate count of the number of rows deleted, use
** "DELETE FROM table WHERE 1" instead.
**
** {U12264} If another thread makes changes on the same database connection
** while this routine is running then the return value of this routine
** is undefined. {END}
*/
int sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query {F12270}
**
** {F12271} This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
** return at its earliest opportunity. {END} This routine is typically
** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
** immediately.
**
** {F12272} It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
** thread that is currently running the database operation. {U12273} But it
** is not safe to call this routine with a database connection that
** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
**
** {F12274} The SQL operation that is interrupted will return
** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].  {F12275} If an interrupted operation was an
** update that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire
** transaction will be rolled back automatically.
*/
void sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete {F10510}






**
** These routines are useful for command-line input to determine if the
** currently entered text forms one or more complete SQL statements or
** if additional input is needed before sending the statements into
** SQLite for parsing.  These routines return true if the input string
** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  A statement is judged to be
** complete if it ends with a semicolon and is not a fragment of a

** CREATE TRIGGER statement.  These routines do not parse the SQL and
** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
**
** {F10511} These functions return true if the given input string 
** ends with a semicolon optionally followed by whitespace or
** comments. {F10512} For sqlite3_complete(),
** the parameter must be a zero-terminated UTF-8 string. {F10513} For
** sqlite3_complete16(), a zero-terminated machine byte order UTF-16 string
** is required.  {F10514} These routines return false if the terminal
** semicolon is within a comment, a string literal or a quoted identifier
** (in other words if the final semicolon is not really a separate token
** but part of a larger token) or if the final semicolon is
** in between the BEGIN and END keywords of a CREATE TRIGGER statement.
** {END}
*/
int sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
int sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors {F12310}
**
** {F12311} This routine identifies a callback function that might be
** invoked whenever an attempt is made to open a database table 
** that another thread or process has locked.
** {F12312} If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
** (or sometimes [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED])
** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.
** {F12313} If the busy callback is not NULL, then the
** callback will be invoked with two arguments.  {F12314} The
** first argument to the handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
** is the third argument to this routine.  {F12315} The second argument to
** the handler is the number of times that the busy handler has
** been invoked for this locking event.  {F12316} If the
** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED] is returned.
** {F12317} If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
** is made to open the database for reading and the cycle repeats.
**
** {U12318} The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that
** it will be invoked when there is lock contention.
** If SQLite determines that invoking the busy handler could result in
** a deadlock, it will return [SQLITE_BUSY] instead. {END}
** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  
** {F12319} Therefore,
** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
** the second process to proceed.
**
** {F12321} The default busy callback is NULL.
**
** {F12322} The [SQLITE_BUSY] error is converted to [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED]
** when SQLite is in the middle of a large transaction where all the
** changes will not fit into the in-memory cache.  {F12323} SQLite will
** already hold a RESERVED lock on the database file, but it needs
** to promote this lock to EXCLUSIVE so that it can spill cache
** pages into the database file without harm to concurrent
** readers.  {F12324} If it is unable to promote the lock, then the in-memory
** cache will be left in an inconsistent state and so the error
** code is promoted from the relatively benign [SQLITE_BUSY] to
** the more severe [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].  {F12325} This error code promotion
** forces an automatic rollback of the changes. {END} See the
** <a href="http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=CorruptionFollowingBusyError">
** CorruptionFollowingBusyError</a> wiki page for a discussion of why
** this is important.
**	
** {F12326} Sqlite is re-entrant, so the busy handler may start a new
** query. {END} (It is not clear why anyone would every want to do this,
** but it is allowed, in theory.) {U12327} But the busy handler may not
** close the database.  Closing the database from a busy handler will delete 
** data structures out from under the executing query and will 
** probably result in a segmentation fault or other runtime error. {END}
**
** {F12328} There can only be a single busy handler defined for each database
** connection.  Setting a new busy handler clears any previous one. 
** {F12329} Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] will also set or clear
** the busy handler.
**
** {F12331} When operating in [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache | shared cache mode],
** only a single busy handler can be defined for each database file.
** So if two database connections share a single cache, then changing
** the busy handler on one connection will also change the busy
** handler in the other connection.  {F12332} The busy handler is invoked
** in the thread that was running when the SQLITE_BUSY was hit.
*/
int sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout {F12340}
**
** {F12341} This routine sets a busy handler that sleeps for a while when a
** table is locked.  {F12342} The handler will sleep multiple times until 
** at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping have been done. {F12343} After
** "ms" milliseconds of sleeping, the handler returns 0 which
** causes [sqlite3_step()] to return [SQLITE_BUSY] or [SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED].
**
** {F12344} Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
** turns off all busy handlers.
**
** {F12345} There can only be a single busy handler for a particular database
** connection.  If another busy handler was defined  
** (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.
*/
int sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries {F12370}
**
** This next routine is a convenience wrapper around [sqlite3_exec()].
** {F12371} Instead of invoking a user-supplied callback for each row of the
** result, this routine remembers each row of the result in memory
** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()], then returns all of the result after the
** query has finished. {F12372}
**
** As an example, suppose the query result where this table:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
**        Name        | Age
**        -----------------------
**        Alice       | 43

** </pre></blockquote>
**
** Notice that there is an extra row of data containing the column
** headers.  But the *nrow return value is still 3.  *ncolumn is
** set to 2.  In general, the number of values inserted into azResult
** will be ((*nrow) + 1)*(*ncolumn).
**
** {U12374} After the calling function has finished using the result, it should 
** pass the result data pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to 
** release the memory that was malloc-ed.  Because of the way the 
** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens, the calling function must not try to call 
** [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release 
** the memory properly and safely. {END}
**
** {F12373} The return value of this routine is the same as
** from [sqlite3_exec()].
*/
int sqlite3_get_table(
  sqlite3*,              /* An open database */
  const char *sql,       /* SQL to be executed */
  char ***resultp,       /* Result written to a char *[]  that this points to */
  int *nrow,             /* Number of result rows written here */
  int *ncolumn,          /* Number of result columns written here */
  char **errmsg          /* Error msg written here */
);
void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions {F17400}
**
** These routines are workalikes of the "printf()" family of functions
** from the standard C library.
**
** {F17401} The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
** {U17402} The strings returned by these two routines should be
** released by [sqlite3_free()]. {F17403}  Both routines return a
** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
** memory to hold the resulting string.
**
** {F17404} In sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
** the first parameter. {END} Note that the order of the
** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().  This is an
** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
** backwards compatibility.  {F17405} Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
** characters actually written into the buffer. {END} We admit that
** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
** now without breaking compatibility.
**
** {F17406} As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated. {F17407} The first
** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
** the zero terminator.  {END} So the longest string that can be completely
** written will be n-1 characters.
**
** These routines all implement some additional formatting
** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
** All of the usual printf formatting options apply.  In addition, there
** is are "%q", "%Q", and "%z" options.
**
** {F17410} The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a null-terminated
** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
** %q is designed for use inside a string literal. {END} By doubling each '\''
** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
** the string.
**
** For example, so some string variable contains text as follows:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
**  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";

**  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
** </pre></blockquote>
**
** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you
** should always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string 
** literal.
**
** {F17411} The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
** the outside of the total string.  Or if the parameter in the argument
** list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without single
** quotes) in place of the %Q option. {END}  So, for example, one could say:
**
** <blockquote><pre>
**  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
**  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
**  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
** </pre></blockquote>
**
** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
**
** {F17412} The "%z" formatting option works exactly like "%s" with the
** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string. {END}
*/
char *sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
char *sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
char *sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem {F17300}
**
** {F17301} The SQLite core (not counting operating-system specific VFS
** implementations) uses these three routines for all of its own
** internal memory allocation needs. {END}
**
** {F17302} The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
** {F17303} If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  {F17304} If the parameter N to
** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
** a NULL pointer.
**
** {F17305} Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
** that it might be reused.  {F17306} The sqlite3_free() routine is
** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  {U17307} After being freed, memory
** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
** {U17309} Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_free().
**
** {F17310} The sqlite3_realloc() interface attempts to resize a
** prior memory allocation to be at least N bytes, where N is the
** second parameter.  The memory allocation to be resized is the first
** parameter.  {F17311} If the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc()
** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
** sqlite3_malloc(N) where N is the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
** {F17312} If the second parameter to sqlite3_realloc() is zero or
** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
** sqlite3_free(P) where P is the first parameter to sqlite3_realloc().
** {F17313} Sqlite3_realloc() returns a pointer to a memory allocation
** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if sufficient memory is unavailable.
** {F17314} If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
** by sqlite3_realloc() and the prior allocation is freed.
** {F17315} If sqlite3_realloc() returns NULL, then the prior allocation
** is not freed.
**
** {F17381} The default implementation
** of the memory allocation subsystem uses the malloc(), realloc()
** and free() provided by the standard C library. {F17382} However, if 
** SQLite is compiled with the following C preprocessor macro
**
** <blockquote> SQLITE_MEMORY_SIZE=<i>NNN</i> </blockquote>
**
** where <i>NNN</i> is an integer, then SQLite create a static
** array of at least <i>NNN</i> bytes in size and use that array
** for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs. {END}  Additional
** memory allocator options may be added in future releases.
**
** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be
** used.
**
** <b>Exception:</b> The windows OS interface layer calls
** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular windows
** installation.  Memory allocation errors are detected, but
** they are reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
*/
void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
void sqlite3_free(void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics {F17370}
**
** In addition to the basic three allocation routines 
** [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()],
** the memory allocation subsystem included with the SQLite
** sources provides the interfaces shown here.
**
** {F17371} The sqlite3_memory_used() routine returns the
** number of bytes of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
** {F17372} The value returned by sqlite3_memory_used() includes
** any overhead added by SQLite, but not overhead added by the
** library malloc() that backs the sqlite3_malloc() implementation.
** {F17373} The sqlite3_memory_highwater() routines returns the
** maximum number of bytes that have been outstanding since the 
** highwater mark was last reset.
** {F17374} The byte count returned by sqlite3_memory_highwater()
** uses the same byte counting rules as sqlite3_memory_used().
** {F17375} If the parameter to sqlite3_memory_highwater() is true,
** then the highwater mark is reset to the current value of
** sqlite3_memory_used() and the prior highwater mark (before the
** reset) is returned.  {F17376}  If the parameter to 
** sqlite3_memory_highwater() is zero, then the highwater mark is
** unchanged.



*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_used(void);
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks {F12500}
**
** {F12501} This routine registers a authorizer callback with a particular
** database connection, supplied in the first argument. {F12502}
** The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  {F12503} At various
** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
** see if those actions are allowed.  {X12504} The authorizer callback should
** return SQLITE_OK to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
** rejected with an error.  {END}
**
** Depending on the action, the [SQLITE_IGNORE] and [SQLITE_DENY] return
** codes might mean something different or they might mean the same
** thing.  If the action is, for example, to perform a delete opertion,
** then [SQLITE_IGNORE] and [SQLITE_DENY] both cause the statement compilation
** to fail with an error.  But if the action is to read a specific column
** from a specific table, then [SQLITE_DENY] will cause the entire
** statement to fail but [SQLITE_IGNORE] will cause a NULL value to be
** read instead of the actual column value.
**
** {F12510} The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of
** the third parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface.
** {F12511} The second parameter to the callback is an integer 
** [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies the particular action
** to be authorized. {END} The available action codes are
** [SQLITE_COPY | documented separately].  {F12512} The third through sixth
** parameters to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain 
** additional details about the action to be authorized. {END}
**
** An authorizer is used when preparing SQL statements from an untrusted
** source, to ensure that the SQL statements do not try to access data
** that they are not allowed to see, or that they do not try to
** execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
** user-entered SQL is being prepared that disallows everything
** except SELECT statements.  
**
** {F12520} Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
** previous call. {F12521}  A NULL authorizer means that no authorization
** callback is invoked.  {F12522} The default authorizer is NULL. {END}
**
** Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during 
** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  {F12523} Authorization is not
** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()]. {END}
*/
int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
  sqlite3*,
  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
  void *pUserData
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes {F12505}
**
** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
** information.
*/

#define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
#define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
#define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
#define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* Function Name   NULL            */
#define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions {F12290}
**
** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
**
** {F12291} The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked
** at the first [sqlite3_step()] for the evaluation of an SQL statement.
** {F12292} Only a single trace callback can be registered at a time.
** Each call to sqlite3_trace() overrides the previous.  {F12293} A
** NULL callback for sqlite3_trace() disables tracing. 
**
** {F12295} The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
** as each SQL statement finishes and includes
** information on how long that statement ran.{END}
**
**
** The sqlite3_profile() API is currently considered experimental and
** is subject to change.
*/
void *sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
void *sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
   void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks {F12910}
**
** {F12911} This routine configures a callback function - the
** progress callback - that is invoked periodically during long
** running calls to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and
** [sqlite3_get_table()]. {END}  An example use for this 
** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
**
** {F12912} The progress callback is invoked once for every N virtual
** machine opcodes, where N is the second argument to this function.
** {F12913} The progress callback itself is identified by the third
** argument to this function. {F12914} The fourth argument to this
** function is a void pointer passed to the progress callback
** function each time it is invoked. {END}
**
** {F12915} If a call to [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()], or
** [sqlite3_get_table()] results in fewer than N opcodes being executed,
** then the progress callback is never invoked. {END}
** 
** {F12916} Only a single progress callback function may be registered for each
** open database connection.  Every call to sqlite3_progress_handler()
** overwrites the results of the previous call. {F12917}
** To remove the progress callback altogether, pass NULL as the third
** argument to this function. {END}
**
** {F12918} If the progress callback returns a result other than 0, then
** the current query is immediately terminated and any database changes
** rolled back. {F12919}
** The containing [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()], or
** [sqlite3_get_table()] call returns SQLITE_INTERRUPT. {END}  This feature
** can be used, for example, to implement the "Cancel" button on a
** progress dialog box in a GUI.
*/
void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection {F12700}
**
** {F12701} These routines open an SQLite database file whose name
** is given by the filename argument.
** {F12702} The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8
** for [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] and as UTF-16
** in the native byte order for [sqlite3_open16()].
** {F12703} An [sqlite3*] handle is returned in *ppDb, even
** if an error occurs.  {F12723} (Exception: if SQLite is unable
** to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object, a NULL will
** be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3] object.)
** {F12704} If the database is opened (and/or created)
** successfully, then [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  {F12705} Otherwise an
** error code is returned.  {F12706} The
** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()]  routines can be used to obtain
** an English language description of the error.
**
** {F12707} The default encoding for the database will be UTF-8 if
** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()] is called and
** UTF-16 in the native byte order if [sqlite3_open16()] is used.
**
** {F12708} Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
** associated with the [sqlite3*] handle should be released by passing it
** to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
**
** {F12709} The [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface works like [sqlite3_open()] 
** except that provides two additional parameters for additional control
** over the new database connection.  {F12710} The flags parameter can be
** one of:
**
** <ol>
** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]
** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]
** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]
** </ol>
**
** {F12711} The first value opens the database read-only. 
** {F12712} If the database does not previously exist, an error is returned.
** {F12713} The second option opens
** the database for reading and writing if possible, or reading only if
** if the file is write protected.  {F12714} In either case the database
** must already exist or an error is returned.  {F12715} The third option
** opens the database for reading and writing and creates it if it does
** not already exist. {F12716}
** The third options is behavior that is always used for [sqlite3_open()]
** and [sqlite3_open16()].
**
** {F12717} If the filename is ":memory:", then an private
** in-memory database is created for the connection. {F12718} This in-memory
** database will vanish when the database connection is closed. {END}  Future
** version of SQLite might make use of additional special filenames
** that begin with the ":" character.  It is recommended that 
** when a database filename really does begin with
** ":" that you prefix the filename with a pathname like "./" to
** avoid ambiguity.
**
** {F12719} If the filename is an empty string, then a private temporary
** on-disk database will be created.  {F12720} This private database will be
** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
**
** {F12721} The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system 
** interface that the new database connection should use.  {F12722} If the
** fourth parameter is a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs]
** object is used. {END}
**
** <b>Note to windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
** of [sqlite3_open()] and [sqlite3_open_v2()] must be UTF-8, not whatever
** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
** [sqlite3_open()] or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
*/

  const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
  sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
  int flags,              /* Flags */
  const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages {F12800}
**
** {F12801} The sqlite3_errcode() interface returns the numeric
** [SQLITE_OK | result code] or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result code]
** for the most recent failed sqlite3_* API call associated
** with [sqlite3] handle 'db'. {U12802} If a prior API call failed but the
** most recent API call succeeded, the return value from sqlite3_errcode()
** is undefined. {END}
**
** {F12803} The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
** text that describes the error, as either UTF8 or UTF16 respectively.
** {F12804} Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
** {U12805} The 
** string may be overwritten or deallocated by subsequent calls to SQLite
** interface functions. {END}
**
** {F12806} Calls to many sqlite3_* functions set the error code and
** string returned by [sqlite3_errcode()], [sqlite3_errmsg()], and
** [sqlite3_errmsg16()] overwriting the previous values.  {F12807}
** Except, calls to [sqlite3_errcode()],
** [sqlite3_errmsg()], and [sqlite3_errmsg16()] themselves do not affect the
** results of future invocations.  {F12808} Calls to API routines that
** do not return an error code (example: [sqlite3_data_count()]) do not
** change the error code returned by this routine.  {F12809} Interfaces that
** are not associated with a specific database connection (examples:
** [sqlite3_mprintf()] or [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()] do not change
** the return code. {END}
**
** {F12810} Assuming no other intervening sqlite3_* API calls are made,
** the error code returned by this function is associated with the same
** error as the strings returned by [sqlite3_errmsg()] and [sqlite3_errmsg16()].
*/
int sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
const void *sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: SQL Statement Object {F13000}
**
** Instance of this object represent single SQL statements.  This
** is variously known as a "prepared statement" or a 
** "compiled SQL statement" or simply as a "statement".
** 
** The life of a statement object goes something like this:
**

**
** Refer to documentation on individual methods above for additional
** information.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement {F13010}
**
** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
** program using one of these routines. 
**
** {F13011} The first argument "db" is an [sqlite3 | SQLite database handle] 
** obtained from a prior call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()]
** or [sqlite3_open16()]. {F13012}
** The second argument "zSql" is the statement to be compiled, encoded
** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
** interfaces uses UTF-8 and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
** use UTF-16. {END}
**
** {F13013} If the nByte argument is less
** than zero, then zSql is read up to the first zero terminator.
** {F13014} If nByte is non-negative, then it is the maximum number of 
** bytes read from zSql.  When nByte is non-negative, the
** zSql string ends at either the first '\000' character or 
** until the nByte-th byte, whichever comes first. {END}
**
** {F13015} *pzTail is made to point to the first byte past the end of the
** first SQL statement in zSql.  This routine only compiles the first statement
** in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to what remains uncompiled. {END}
**
** {F13016} *ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled 
** [sqlite3_stmt | SQL statement structure] that can be
** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  Or if there is an error, *ppStmt may be
** set to NULL.  {F13017} If the input text contained no SQL (if the input
** is and empty string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
** {U13018} The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the
** compiled SQL statement
** using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
**
** {F13019} On success, [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | error code] is returned. {END}
**
** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
** {F13020} In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the 
** original SQL text. {END} This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
** behave a differently in two ways:
**
** <ol>
** <li>{F13022}
** If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
** statement and try to run it again. {F12023} If the schema has changed in
** a way that makes the statement no longer valid, [sqlite3_step()] will still
** return [SQLITE_SCHEMA].  {END} But unlike the legacy behavior, 
** [SQLITE_SCHEMA] is now a fatal error.  {F12024} Calling
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] again will not make the
** error go away.  {F12025} Note: use [sqlite3_errmsg()] to find the text
** of the parsing error that results in an [SQLITE_SCHEMA] return. {END}
** </li>
**
** <li>
** {F13030} When an error occurs, 
** [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | result codes] or
** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended result codes].  {F13031}
** The legacy behavior was that [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic
** [SQLITE_ERROR] result code and you would have to make a second call to
** [sqlite3_reset()] in order to find the underlying cause of the problem.
** {F13032}
** With the "v2" prepare interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is
** returned immediately. {END}
** </li>
** </ol>
*/
int sqlite3_prepare(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */

  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);

/*
** CAPIREF: Retrieving Statement SQL {F13100}

**
** {F13101} If the compiled SQL statement passed as an argument was
** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
** then this function returns a pointer to a zero-terminated string
** containing a copy of the original SQL statement. {F13102} The
** pointer is valid until the statement
** is deleted using sqlite3_finalize().
** {F13103} The string returned by sqlite3_sql() is always UTF8 even
** if a UTF16 string was originally entered using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
**
** {F13104} If the statement was compiled using either of the legacy
** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this
** function returns NULL.


*/
const char *sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Dynamically Typed Value Object  {F15000}
**
** SQLite uses dynamic typing for the values it stores.  Values can 
** be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.  When
** passing around values internally, each value is represented as
** an instance of the sqlite3_value object.
*/
typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;

/*
** CAPI3REF:  SQL Function Context Object {F16001}
**
** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
** sqlite3_context object.  A pointer to such an object is the
** first parameter to user-defined SQL functions.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Binding Values To Prepared Statements {F13500}
**
** {F13501} In the SQL strings input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its
** variants, one or more literals can be replace by a parameter in one
** of these forms:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN
** <li>  :AAA
** <li>  @AAA
** <li>  $VVV
** </ul>
**
** In the parameter forms shown above NNN is an integer literal,
** AAA is an alphanumeric identifier and VVV is a variable name according
** to the syntax rules of the TCL programming language. {END}
** The values of these parameters (also called "host parameter names")
** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
**
** {F13502} The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines always
** is a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.  {F13503} The second
** argument is the index of the parameter to be set.  {F13504} The
** first parameter has an index of 1.  {F13505} When the same named
** parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent

** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence. 
** {F13506} The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()] API if desired.  {F13507} The index
** for "?NNN" parametes is the value of NNN.
** {F13508} The NNN value must be between 1 and the compile-time
** parameter SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER (default value: 999). {END}
** See <a href="limits.html">limits.html</a> for additional information.
**
** {F13509} The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter. {END}
**
** {F13510} In those
** routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the number of bytes
** in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the number of bytes in the
** string, not the number of characters. {F13511}  The number
** of bytes does not include the zero-terminator at the end of strings.
** {F13512}
** If the fourth parameter is negative, the length of the string is
** number of bytes up to the first zero terminator. {END}
**
** {F13513}
** The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
** text after SQLite has finished with it. {F13514} If the fifth argument is
** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then the library assumes that the
** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
** {F13515} If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns. {END}
**
** {F13520} The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
** is filled with zeros.  {F13521} A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
** (just an integer to hold it size) while it is being processed. {END}
** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as place-holders for BLOBs whose
** content is later written using 
** [sqlite3_blob_open | increment BLOB I/O] routines. {F13522} A negative
** value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB. {END}
**
** {F13530} The sqlite3_bind_*() routines must be called after
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] (and its variants) or [sqlite3_reset()] and
** before [sqlite3_step()]. {F13531}
** Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
** {F13532} Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL. {END}
**
** {F13540} These routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an error code if
** anything goes wrong.  {F13541} [SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
** index is out of range.  {F13542} [SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc fails.
** {F13543} [SQLITE_MISUSE] is returned if these routines are called on a
** virtual machine that is the wrong state or which has already been finalized.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, int n, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Number Of Host Parameters {F13600}
**
** {F13601} Return the largest host parameter index in the precompiled
** statement given as the argument. {F13602} When the host parameters
** are of the forms like ":AAA" or "?",
** then they are assigned sequential increasing numbers beginning
** with one, so the value returned is the number of parameters.
** {F13603} However
** if the same host parameter name is used multiple times, each occurrance
** is given the same number, so the value returned in that case is the number
** of unique host parameter names. {F13604} If host parameters of the
** form "?NNN" are used (where NNN is an integer) then there might be
** gaps in the numbering and the value returned by this interface is
** the index of the host parameter with the largest index value. {END}
**
** {U13605} The prepared statement must not be [sqlite3_finalize | finalized]
** prior to this routine returning.  Otherwise the results are undefined
** and probably undesirable.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter {F13620}
**
** {F13621} This routine returns a pointer to the name of the n-th
** parameter in a [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement]. {F13622}
** Host parameters of the form ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$VVV" have a name
** which is the string ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$VVV". 
** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@"
** is included as part of the name.  {F13623}
** Parameters of the form "?" or "?NNN" have no name.
**
** {F13623} The first bound parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
**
** {F13624} If the value n is out of range or if the n-th parameter is
** nameless, then NULL is returned.  {F13625} The returned string is
** always in the UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
*/
const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name {F13640}
**
** {F13641} This routine returns the index of a host parameter with the
** given name.  {F13642} The name must match exactly.  {F13643}
** If no parameter with the given name is found, return 0.
** {F13644} Parameter names must be UTF8.
*/
int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement {F13660}
**
** {F13661} Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not
** reset the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a 
** [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement]. {F13662} Use this routine to
** reset all host parameters to NULL.
*/
int sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set {F13710}
**
** {F13711} Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the 
** [sqlite3_stmt | compiled SQL statement]. {F13712} This routine returns 0
** if pStmt is an SQL statement that does not return data (for 
** example an UPDATE).
*/
int sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set {F13720}
**
** {F13721} These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
** in the result set of a SELECT statement.  {F13722} The sqlite3_column_name()
** interface returns a pointer to a UTF8 string and sqlite3_column_name16()
** returns a pointer to a UTF16 string. {F13723}  The first parameter is the
** [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement] that implements the SELECT statement.
** The second parameter is the column number.  The left-most column is
** number 0.
**
** {F13724} The returned string pointer is valid until either the 
** [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement] is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()]
** or until the next call sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16()
** on the same column.
**
** {F13725} If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
** NULL pointer is returned.
*/
const char *sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
const void *sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result {F13740}
**
** {F13741} These routines provide a means to determine what column of what
** table in which database a result of a SELECT statement comes from.
** {F13742} The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
** either a UTF8 or UTF16 string.  {F13743} The _database_ routines return
** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
** the origin_ routines return the column name. {F13744}
** The returned string is valid until
** the [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement] is destroyed using
** [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the same information is requested
** again in a different encoding.
**
** {F13745} The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
** database, table, and column.
**
** {F13746} The first argument to the following calls is a 
** [sqlite3_stmt | compiled SQL statement].
** {F13747} These functions return information about the Nth column returned by 
** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
**
** {F13748} If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression
** or subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions
** return NULL.  {F13749} Otherwise, they return the 
** name of the attached database, table and column that query result
** column was extracted from.
**
** {F13750} As with all other SQLite APIs, those postfixed with "16" return
** UTF-16 encoded strings, the other functions return UTF-8. {END}
**
** These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the 
** SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA preprocessor symbol defined.
**
** {U13751}
** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
** undefined.
*/
const char *sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const void *sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const char *sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const void *sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const char *sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const void *sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result {F13760}
**
** The first parameter is a [sqlite3_stmt | compiled SQL statement]. 
** {F13761} If this statement is a SELECT statement and the Nth column of the 
** returned result set  of that SELECT is a table column (not an
** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
** column is returned.  {F13762} If the Nth column of the result set is an
** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
** {F13763} The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.  {END} 
** For example, in the database schema:
**
** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
**
** And the following statement compiled:
**
** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
**

** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
** used to hold those values.
*/
const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt *, int i);
const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);

/* 
** CAPI3REF:  Evaluate An SQL Statement {F13200}
**
** After an [sqlite3_stmt | SQL statement] has been prepared with a call
** to either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or to one of
** the legacy interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()],
** then this function must be called one or more times to evaluate the 
** statement.
**

** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()], then the 
** more specific [SQLITE_ERROR | result codes] are returned directly
** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
*/
int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set {F13770}
**
** Return the number of values in the current row of the result set.
**
** {F13771} After a call to [sqlite3_step()] that returns [SQLITE_ROW],
** this routine
** will return the same value as the [sqlite3_column_count()] function.
** {F13772}
** After [sqlite3_step()] has returned an [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_BUSY], or
** a [SQLITE_ERROR | error code], or before [sqlite3_step()] has been 
** called on the [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement] for the first time,
** this routine returns zero.
*/
int sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes {F10260}
**
** {F10261}Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
**
** <ul>
** <li> 64-bit signed integer
** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
** <li> string
** <li> BLOB
** <li> NULL
** </ul> {END}
**
** These constants are codes for each of those types.
**
** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT not
** SQLITE_TEXT.
*/
#define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
#define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
#define SQLITE_BLOB     4
#define SQLITE_NULL     5
#ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
# undef SQLITE_TEXT
#else
# define SQLITE_TEXT     3
#endif
#define SQLITE3_TEXT     3

/*
** CAPI3REF: Results Values From A Query {F13800}
**
** These routines return information about
** a single column of the current result row of a query.  In every
** case the first argument is a pointer to the 
** [sqlite3_stmt | SQL statement] that is being
** evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*] that was returned from 
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants) and

sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object {F13300}
**
** The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a 
** [sqlite3_stmt | compiled SQL statement]. If the statement was
** executed successfully, or not executed at all, then SQLITE_OK is returned.
** If execution of the statement failed then an 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | error code] or [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended error code]
** is returned. 
**
** This routine can be called at any point during the execution of the
** [sqlite3_stmt | virtual machine].  If the virtual machine has not 
** completed execution when this routine is called, that is like
** encountering an error or an interrupt.  (See [sqlite3_interrupt()].) 
** Incomplete updates may be rolled back and transactions cancelled,  
** depending on the circumstances, and the 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | result code] returned will be [SQLITE_ABORT].
*/
int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object {F13330}
**
** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a 
** [sqlite3_stmt | compiled SQL statement] object.
** back to it's initial state, ready to be re-executed.
** Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
*/
int sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions {F16100}
**
** The following two functions are used to add SQL functions or aggregates
** or to redefine the behavior of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The
** difference only between the two is that the second parameter, the
** name of the (scalar) function or aggregate, is encoded in UTF-8 for
** sqlite3_create_function() and UTF-16 for sqlite3_create_function16().
**

  void*,
  void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
  void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
  void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings {F10260}
**
** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
** text encodings supported by SQLite.
*/
#define SQLITE_UTF8           1
#define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2
#define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3

int sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
int sqlite3_global_recover(void);
void sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
int sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),void*,sqlite3_int64);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Function Parameter Values {F15100}
**
** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
** the function or aggregate.
**
** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]

const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context {F16210}
**
** The implementation of aggregate SQL functions use this routine to allocate
** a structure for storing their state.  The first time this routine
** is called for a particular aggregate, a new structure of size nBytes
** is allocated, zeroed, and returned.  On subsequent calls (for the
** same aggregate instance) the same buffer is returned.  The implementation
** of the aggregate can use the returned buffer to accumulate data.

**
** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
** the aggregate SQL function is running.
*/
void *sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);

/*
** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions {F16240}
**
** The pUserData parameter to the [sqlite3_create_function()]
** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines
** used to register user functions is available to
** the implementation of the function using this call.
**
** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
** the SQL function is running.
*/
void *sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data {F16270}
**
** The following two functions may be used by scalar SQL functions to
** associate meta-data with argument values. If the same value is passed to
** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
** some circumstances the associated meta-data may be preserved. This may
** be used, for example, to add a regular-expression matching scalar
** function. The compiled version of the regular expression is stored as

** the SQL function is running.
*/
void *sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int);
void sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int, void*, void (*)(void*));


/*
** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior {F10280}
**
** These are special value for the destructor that is passed in as the
** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  If the destructor
** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  The 
** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
** the content before returning.
**
** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
** C++ compilers.  See ticket #2191.
*/
typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
#define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
#define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)

/*
** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function {F16400}
**
** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
** for additional information.
**
** These functions work very much like the 

void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences {F16600}
**
** These functions are used to add new collation sequences to the
** [sqlite3*] handle specified as the first argument. 
**
** The name of the new collation sequence is specified as a UTF-8 string
** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
** and a UTF-16 string for sqlite3_create_collation16().  In all cases

  const char *zName, 
  int eTextRep, 
  void*,
  int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks {F16700}
**
** To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
** database handle to be called whenever an undefined collation sequence is
** required.
**
** If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,

*/
int sqlite3_rekey(
  sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
  const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Suspend Execution For A Short Time {F10530}
**
** This function causes the current thread to suspend execution
** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
**
** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with 
** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to 
** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually 
** requested from the operating system is returned.
**
** SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
*/
int sqlite3_sleep(int);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files {F10310}
**
** If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
** the name of a folder (a.ka. directory), then all temporary files
** created by SQLite will be placed in that directory.  If this variable
** is NULL pointer, then SQLite does a search for an appropriate temporary
** file directory.
**
** It is not safe to modify this variable once a database connection
** has been opened.  It is intended that this variable be set once
** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
** routines have been call and remain unchanged thereafter.
*/
SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Test To See If The Database Is In Auto-Commit Mode {F12930}
**
** Test to see whether or not the database connection is in autocommit
** mode.  Return TRUE if it is and FALSE if not.  Autocommit mode is on
** by default.  Autocommit is disabled by a BEGIN statement and reenabled
** by the next COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
**
** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
** transactions (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR], 
** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
** find out if SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
** an error is to use this function.
**
** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
** is undefined.
*/
int sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement {F13120}
**
** Return the [sqlite3*] database handle to which a
** [sqlite3_stmt | prepared statement] belongs.
** This is the same database handle that was
** the first argument to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants
** that was used to create the statement in the first place.
*/
sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);


/*
** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks {F12950}
**
** These routines
** register callback functions to be invoked whenever a transaction
** is committed or rolled back.  The pArg argument is passed through
** to the callback.  If the callback on a commit hook function 
** returns non-zero, then the commit is converted into a rollback.
**

**
** These are experimental interfaces and are subject to change.
*/
void *sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
void *sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks {F12970}
**
** Register a callback function with the database connection identified by the 
** first argument to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted.
** Any callback set by a previous call to this function for the same 
** database connection is overridden.
**
** The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a 

void *sqlite3_update_hook(
  sqlite3*, 
  void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
  void*
);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache {F10330}
**
** This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
** and schema data structures between connections to the same database.
** Sharing is enabled if the argument is true and disabled if the argument
** is false.
**
** Beginning in SQLite version 3.5.0, cache sharing is enabled and disabled

** Shared cache is disabled by default.  But this might change in
** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
** cache setting should set it explicitly.
*/
int sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Attempt To Free Heap Memory {F17340}
**
** Attempt to free N bytes of heap memory by deallocating non-essential
** memory allocations held by the database library (example: memory 
** used to cache database pages to improve performance).
*/
int sqlite3_release_memory(int);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Impose A Limit On Heap Size {F17350}
**
** Place a "soft" limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated
** by SQLite.  If an internal allocation is requested 
** that would exceed the specified limit, [sqlite3_release_memory()] is
** invoked one or more times to free up some space before the allocation
** is made.
**

** is an upper bound on the total memory allocation for all threads.  In
** version 3.5.0 there is no mechanism for limiting the heap usage for
** individual threads.
*/
void sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table {F12850}
**
** This routine
** returns meta-data about a specific column of a specific database
** table accessible using the connection handle passed as the first function 
** argument.
**
** The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to 

  char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
  int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
  int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
  int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension {F12600}
**
** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case the
** name of the entry point defaults to "sqlite3_extension_init".
**
** Return [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
**

  sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
  const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
  const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
  char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Enable Or Disable Extension Loading {F12620}
**
** So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
** unprepared to deal with extension loading, and as a means of disabling
** extension loading while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following
** API is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and
** off.  It is off by default.  See ticket #1863.
**
** Call this routine with onoff==1 to turn extension loading on
** and call it with onoff==0 to turn it back off again.
*/
int sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Make Arrangements To Automatically Load An Extension {F12640}
**
** Register an extension entry point that is automatically invoked
** whenever a new database connection is opened using
** [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or [sqlite3_open_v2()].
**
** This API can be invoked at program startup in order to register
** one or more statically linked extensions that will be available

** This interface is experimental and is subject to change or
** removal in future releases of SQLite.
*/
int sqlite3_auto_extension(void *xEntryPoint);


/*
** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading {F12660}
**
** Disable all previously registered automatic extensions.  This
** routine undoes the effect of all prior [sqlite3_automatic_extension()]
** calls.
**
** This call disabled automatic extensions in all threads.
**

** results into the **Outputs** fields.
**
** The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the
** form:
**
**         column OP expr
**
** Where OP is =, <, <=, >, or >=.  
** The particular operator is stored
** in aConstraint[].op.  The index of the column is stored in 
** aConstraint[].iColumn.  aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
** is usable) and false if it cannot.
**
** The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to

** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
**
****** EXPERIMENTAL - subject to change without notice **************
*/

/*
** CAPI3REF: A Handle To An Open BLOB {F17800}
**
** An instance of the following opaque structure is used to 
** represent an blob-handle.  A blob-handle is created by
** [sqlite3_blob_open()] and destroyed by [sqlite3_blob_close()].
** The [sqlite3_blob_read()] and [sqlite3_blob_write()] interfaces
** can be used to read or write small subsections of the blob.
** The [sqlite3_blob_bytes()] interface returns the size of the
** blob in bytes.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_blob sqlite3_blob;

/*
** CAPI3REF: Open A BLOB For Incremental I/O {F17810}
**
** Open a handle to the blob located in row iRow,, column zColumn, 
** table zTable in database zDb. i.e. the same blob that would
** be selected by:
**
** <pre>
**     SELECT zColumn FROM zDb.zTable WHERE rowid = iRow;

  const char *zColumn,
  sqlite3_int64 iRow,
  int flags,
  sqlite3_blob **ppBlob
);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Close A BLOB Handle {F17830}
**
** Close an open [sqlite3_blob | blob handle].
**
** Closing a BLOB might cause the current transaction to commit.
** If any writes were made to the BLOB, they might be held in cache
** until the close operation.  Closing the BLOB forces the changes
** out to disk and so if any I/O errors occur, they will likely occur
** at the time when the BLOB is closed.  Any errors that occur during
** closing are reported as a non-zero return value.
**
** The BLOB is closed unconditionally.  Even if this routine returns
** an error code, the BLOB is still closed.
*/
int sqlite3_blob_close(sqlite3_blob *);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Return The Size Of An Open BLOB {F17805}
**
** {F16806} Return the size in bytes of the blob accessible via the open 
** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] passed as an argument.
*/
int sqlite3_blob_bytes(sqlite3_blob *);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Read Data From A BLOB Incrementally {F17850}
**
** This function is used to read data from an open 
** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] into a caller supplied buffer.
** n bytes of data are copied into buffer
** z from the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
**
** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | SQLite error code] or an
** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended error code] is returned.
*/
int sqlite3_blob_read(sqlite3_blob *, void *z, int n, int iOffset);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Write Data Into A BLOB Incrementally {F17870}
**
** This function is used to write data into an open 
** [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] from a user supplied buffer.
** n bytes of data are copied from the buffer
** pointed to by z into the open blob, starting at offset iOffset.
**
** If the [sqlite3_blob | blob-handle] passed as the first argument

** On success, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an 
** [SQLITE_ERROR | SQLite error code] or an
** [SQLITE_IOERR_READ | extended error code] is returned.
*/
int sqlite3_blob_write(sqlite3_blob *, const void *z, int n, int iOffset);

/*
** CAPI3REF:  Virtual File System Objects {F11200}
**
** A virtual filesystem (VFS) is an [sqlite3_vfs] object
** that SQLite uses to interact
** with the underlying operating system.  Most builds come with a
** single default VFS that is appropriate for the host computer.
** New VFSes can be registered and existing VFSes can be unregistered.
** The following interfaces are provided.

** the default.  The choice for the new VFS is arbitrary.
*/
sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName);
int sqlite3_vfs_register(sqlite3_vfs*, int makeDflt);
int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Mutexes {F17000}
**
** The SQLite core uses these routines for thread
** synchronization.  Though they are intended for internal
** use by SQLite, code that links against SQLite is
** permitted to use any of these routines.
**
** The SQLite source code contains multiple implementations 

sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int);
void sqlite3_mutex_free(sqlite3_mutex*);
void sqlite3_mutex_enter(sqlite3_mutex*);
int sqlite3_mutex_try(sqlite3_mutex*);
void sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_mutex*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Mutex Verifcation Routines {F17080}
**
** The sqlite3_mutex_held() and sqlite3_mutex_notheld() routines
** are intended for use inside assert() statements. {F17081} The SQLite core
** never uses these routines except inside an assert() and applications
** are advised to follow the lead of the core.  {F17082} The core only
** provides implementations for these routines when it is compiled
** with the SQLITE_DEBUG flag.  {U17083} External mutex implementations
** are only required to provide these routines if SQLITE_DEBUG is
** defined and if NDEBUG is not defined.
**
** {F17083} These routines should return true if the mutex in their argument
** is held or not held, respectively, by the calling thread. {END}
**
** {X17084} The implementation is not required to provided versions of these
** routines that actually work.
** If the implementation does not provide working
** versions of these routines, it should at least provide stubs
** that always return true so that one does not get spurious
** assertion failures. {END}
**
** {F17085} If the argument to sqlite3_mutex_held() is a NULL pointer then
** the routine should return 1.  {END} This seems counter-intuitive since
** clearly the mutex cannot be held if it does not exist.  But the
** the reason the mutex does not exist is because the build is not
** using mutexes.  And we do not want the assert() containing the
** call to sqlite3_mutex_held() to fail, so a non-zero return is
** the appropriate thing to do.  {F17086} The sqlite3_mutex_notheld() 
** interface should also return 1 when given a NULL pointer.
*/
int sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3_mutex*);
int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Mutex Types {F17001}
**
** {F17002} The [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()] interface takes a single argument
** which is one of these integer constants. {END}
*/
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST             0
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE        1
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER    2
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM       3  /* sqlite3_malloc() */
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2      4  /* sqlite3_release_memory() */
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG      5  /* sqlite3_random() */
#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */

/*
** CAPI3REF: Low-Level Control Of Database Files {F11300}
**
** {F11301} The [sqlite3_file_control()] interface makes a direct call to the
** xFileControl method for the [sqlite3_io_methods] object associated
** with a particular database identified by the second argument. {F11302} The
** name of the database is the name assigned to the database by the
** <a href="lang_attach.html">ATTACH</a> SQL command that opened the
** database. {F11303} To control the main database file, use the name "main"
** or a NULL pointer. {F11304} The third and fourth parameters to this routine
** are passed directly through to the second and third parameters of
** the xFileControl method.  {F11305} The return value of the xFileControl
** method becomes the return value of this routine.
**
** {F11306} If the second parameter (zDbName) does not match the name of any
** open database file, then SQLITE_ERROR is returned. {F11307} This error
** code is not remembered and will not be recalled by [sqlite3_errcode()]
** or [sqlite3_errmsg()]. {U11307} The underlying xFileControl method might
** also return SQLITE_ERROR.  {U11308} There is no way to distinguish between
** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
** xFileControl method. {END}
**
** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
*/
int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);

/*
** Undo the hack that converts floating point types to integer for