$(TOP)/ext/misc/closure.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/eval.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fileio.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fuzzer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_test_mi.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/ieee754.c \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/totype.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/wholenumber.c

# Source code to the library files needed by the test fixture
#
TESTSRC2 = \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/closure.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/eval.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fileio.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fuzzer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_test_mi.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/ieee754.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/series.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/totype.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/wholenumber.c

# Source code to the library files needed by the test fixture
#
TESTSRC2 = \

  $(TOP)\ext\misc\eval.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\fileio.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\fuzzer.c \
  fts5.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts5\fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts5\fts5_test_mi.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\ieee754.c \

  $(TOP)\ext\misc\nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\percentile.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\regexp.c \

  $(TOP)\ext\misc\spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\totype.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\wholenumber.c


# Source code to the library files needed by the test fixture
#

  $(TOP)\ext\misc\eval.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\fileio.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\fuzzer.c \
  fts5.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts5\fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts5\fts5_test_mi.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\ieee754.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\json1.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\percentile.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\regexp.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\series.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\totype.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\wholenumber.c


# Source code to the library files needed by the test fixture
#

  const char **azConfig;          /* Array of arguments for Fts5Config */
  const char *zNearsetCmd = "nearset";
  int nConfig;                    /* Size of azConfig[] */
  Fts5Config *pConfig = 0;
  int iArg = 1;

  if( nArg<1 ){
    char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("wrong number of arguments to function %s",
        bTcl ? "fts5_expr_tcl" : "fts5_expr"
    );
    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zErr, -1);
    sqlite3_free(zErr);
    return;
  }

  const char **azConfig;          /* Array of arguments for Fts5Config */
  const char *zNearsetCmd = "nearset";
  int nConfig;                    /* Size of azConfig[] */
  Fts5Config *pConfig = 0;
  int iArg = 1;

  if( nArg<1 ){
    zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("wrong number of arguments to function %s",
        bTcl ? "fts5_expr_tcl" : "fts5_expr"
    );
    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zErr, -1);
    sqlite3_free(zErr);
    return;
  }

/*
** 2015-08-12
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This SQLite extension implements JSON functions.  The interface is
** modeled after MySQL JSON functions:
**
**     https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
**
** For the time being, all JSON is stored as pure text.  (We might add
** a JSONB type in the future which stores a binary encoding of JSON in
** a BLOB, but there is no support for JSONB in the current implementation.
** This implementation parses JSON text at 250 MB/s, so it is hard to see
** how JSONB might improve on that.)
*/
#include "sqlite3ext.h"
SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#define UNUSED_PARAM(X)  (void)(X)

/* Unsigned integer types */
typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned char u8;

/* Objects */
typedef struct JsonString JsonString;
typedef struct JsonNode JsonNode;
typedef struct JsonParse JsonParse;

/* An instance of this object represents a JSON string
** under construction.  Really, this is a generic string accumulator
** that can be and is used to create strings other than JSON.
*/
struct JsonString {
  sqlite3_context *pCtx;   /* Function context - put error messages here */
  char *zBuf;              /* Append JSON content here */
  u64 nAlloc;              /* Bytes of storage available in zBuf[] */
  u64 nUsed;               /* Bytes of zBuf[] currently used */
  u8 bStatic;              /* True if zBuf is static space */
  u8 bErr;                 /* True if an error has been encountered */
  char zSpace[100];        /* Initial static space */
};

/* JSON type values
*/
#define JSON_NULL     0
#define JSON_TRUE     1
#define JSON_FALSE    2
#define JSON_INT      3
#define JSON_REAL     4
#define JSON_STRING   5
#define JSON_ARRAY    6
#define JSON_OBJECT   7

/*
** Names of the various JSON types:
*/
static const char * const jsonType[] = {
  "null", "true", "false", "integer", "real", "text", "array", "object"
};

/* Bit values for the JsonNode.jnFlag field
*/
#define JNODE_RAW     0x01         /* Content is raw, not JSON encoded */
#define JNODE_ESCAPE  0x02         /* Content is text with \ escapes */
#define JNODE_REMOVE  0x04         /* Do not output */
#define JNODE_REPLACE 0x08         /* Replace with JsonNode.iVal */
#define JNODE_APPEND  0x10         /* More ARRAY/OBJECT entries at u.iAppend */
#define JNODE_JSON    0x20         /* Treat REPLACE as JSON text */


/* A single node of parsed JSON
*/
struct JsonNode {
  u8 eType;              /* One of the JSON_ type values */
  u8 jnFlags;            /* JNODE flags */
  u8 iVal;               /* Replacement value when JNODE_REPLACE */
  u32 n;                 /* Bytes of content, or number of sub-nodes */
  union {
    const char *zJContent; /* Content for INT, REAL, and STRING */
    u32 iAppend;           /* More terms for ARRAY and OBJECT */
    u32 iKey;              /* Key for ARRAY objects in json_tree() */
  } u;
};

/* A completely parsed JSON string
*/
struct JsonParse {
  u32 nNode;         /* Number of slots of aNode[] used */
  u32 nAlloc;        /* Number of slots of aNode[] allocated */
  JsonNode *aNode;   /* Array of nodes containing the parse */
  const char *zJson; /* Original JSON string */
  u32 *aUp;          /* Index of parent of each node */
  u8 oom;            /* Set to true if out of memory */
};

/**************************************************************************
** Utility routines for dealing with JsonString objects
**************************************************************************/

/* Set the JsonString object to an empty string
*/
static void jsonZero(JsonString *p){
  p->zBuf = p->zSpace;
  p->nAlloc = sizeof(p->zSpace);
  p->nUsed = 0;
  p->bStatic = 1;
}

/* Initialize the JsonString object
*/
static void jsonInit(JsonString *p, sqlite3_context *pCtx){
  p->pCtx = pCtx;
  p->bErr = 0;
  jsonZero(p);
}


/* Free all allocated memory and reset the JsonString object back to its
** initial state.
*/
static void jsonReset(JsonString *p){
  if( !p->bStatic ) sqlite3_free(p->zBuf);
  jsonZero(p);
}


/* Report an out-of-memory (OOM) condition 
*/
static void jsonOom(JsonString *p){
  if( !p->bErr ){
    p->bErr = 1;
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
    jsonReset(p);
  }
}

/* Enlarge pJson->zBuf so that it can hold at least N more bytes.
** Return zero on success.  Return non-zero on an OOM error
*/
static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
  u64 nTotal = N<p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc*2 : p->nAlloc+N+10;
  char *zNew;
  if( p->bStatic ){
    if( p->bErr ) return 1;
    zNew = sqlite3_malloc64(nTotal);
    if( zNew==0 ){
      jsonOom(p);
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    memcpy(zNew, p->zBuf, (size_t)p->nUsed);
    p->zBuf = zNew;
    p->bStatic = 0;
  }else{
    zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p->zBuf, nTotal);
    if( zNew==0 ){
      jsonOom(p);
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    p->zBuf = zNew;
  }
  p->nAlloc = nTotal;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Append N bytes from zIn onto the end of the JsonString string.
*/
static void jsonAppendRaw(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
  if( (N+p->nUsed >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N)!=0 ) return;
  memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
  p->nUsed += N;
}

/* Append formatted text (not to exceed N bytes) to the JsonString.
*/
static void jsonPrintf(int N, JsonString *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  if( (p->nUsed + N >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p, N) ) return;
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  sqlite3_vsnprintf(N, p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  p->nUsed += (int)strlen(p->zBuf+p->nUsed);
}

/* Append a single character
*/
static void jsonAppendChar(JsonString *p, char c){
  if( p->nUsed>=p->nAlloc && jsonGrow(p,1)!=0 ) return;
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
}

/* Append a comma separator to the output buffer, if the previous
** character is not '[' or '{'.
*/
static void jsonAppendSeparator(JsonString *p){
  char c;
  if( p->nUsed==0 ) return;
  c = p->zBuf[p->nUsed-1];
  if( c!='[' && c!='{' ) jsonAppendChar(p, ',');
}

/* Append the N-byte string in zIn to the end of the JsonString string
** under construction.  Enclose the string in "..." and escape
** any double-quotes or backslash characters contained within the
** string.
*/
static void jsonAppendString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
  u32 i;
  if( (N+p->nUsed+2 >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+2)!=0 ) return;
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
    char c = zIn[i];
    if( c=='"' || c=='\\' ){
      if( (p->nUsed+N+1-i > p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+1-i)!=0 ) return;
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
    }
    p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
  }
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
}

/*
** Append a function parameter value to the JSON string under 
** construction.
*/
static void jsonAppendValue(
  JsonString *p,                 /* Append to this JSON string */
  sqlite3_value *pValue,         /* Value to append */
  u8 textIsJson                  /* Try to treat text values as JSON */
){
  switch( sqlite3_value_type(pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_NULL: {
      jsonAppendRaw(p, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      jsonAppendRaw(p, z, n);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      if( textIsJson ){
        jsonAppendRaw(p, z, n);
      }else{
        jsonAppendString(p, z, n);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      if( p->bErr==0 ){
        sqlite3_result_error(p->pCtx, "JSON cannot hold BLOB values", -1);
        p->bErr = 1;
        jsonReset(p);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}


/* Make the JSON in p the result of the SQL function.
*/
static void jsonResult(JsonString *p){
  if( p->bErr==0 ){
    sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed, 
                          p->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : sqlite3_free,
                          SQLITE_UTF8);
    jsonZero(p);
  }
  assert( p->bStatic );
}

/**************************************************************************
** Utility routines for dealing with JsonNode and JsonParse objects
**************************************************************************/

/*
** Return the number of consecutive JsonNode slots need to represent
** the parsed JSON at pNode.  The minimum answer is 1.  For ARRAY and
** OBJECT types, the number might be larger.
**
** Appended elements are not counted.  The value returned is the number
** by which the JsonNode counter should increment in order to go to the
** next peer value.
*/
static u32 jsonNodeSize(JsonNode *pNode){
  return pNode->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ? pNode->n+1 : 1;
}

/*
** Reclaim all memory allocated by a JsonParse object.  But do not
** delete the JsonParse object itself.
*/
static void jsonParseReset(JsonParse *pParse){
  sqlite3_free(pParse->aNode);
  pParse->aNode = 0;
  pParse->nNode = 0;
  pParse->nAlloc = 0;
  sqlite3_free(pParse->aUp);
  pParse->aUp = 0;
}

/*
** Convert the JsonNode pNode into a pure JSON string and
** append to pOut.  Subsubstructure is also included.  Return
** the number of JsonNode objects that are encoded.
*/
static void jsonRenderNode(
  JsonNode *pNode,               /* The node to render */
  JsonString *pOut,              /* Write JSON here */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace       /* Replacement values */
){
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_NULL: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "true", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "false", 5);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        jsonAppendString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
        break;
      }
      /* Fall through into the next case */
    }
    case JSON_REAL:
    case JSON_INT: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( pNode[j].jnFlags & (JNODE_REMOVE|JNODE_REPLACE) ){
            if( pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
              jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
              jsonAppendValue(pOut, aReplace[pNode[j].iVal],
                              (pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_JSON)!=0);
            }
          }else{
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
          }
          j += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
            jsonAppendChar(pOut, ':');
            if( pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
              jsonAppendValue(pOut, aReplace[pNode[j+1].iVal],
                              (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_JSON)!=0);
            }else{
              jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j+1], pOut, aReplace);
            }
          }
          j += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j+1]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Make the JsonNode the return value of the function.
*/
static void jsonReturn(
  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace    /* Array of replacement values */
){
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_NULL: {
      sqlite3_result_null(pCtx);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 1);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_REAL: {
      double r = strtod(pNode->u.zJContent, 0);
      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_INT: {
      sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
      const char *z = pNode->u.zJContent;
      if( z[0]=='-' ){ z++; }
      while( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ){ i = i*10 + *(z++) - '0'; }
      if( pNode->u.zJContent[0]=='-' ){ i = -i; }
      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, i);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_ESCAPE)==0 ){
        /* JSON formatted without any backslash-escapes */
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent+1, pNode->n-2,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else{
        /* Translate JSON formatted string into raw text */
        u32 i;
        u32 n = pNode->n;
        const char *z = pNode->u.zJContent;
        char *zOut;
        u32 j;
        zOut = sqlite3_malloc( n+1 );
        if( zOut==0 ){
          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
          break;
        }
        for(i=1, j=0; i<n-1; i++){
          char c = z[i];
          if( c!='\\' ){
            zOut[j++] = c;
          }else{
            c = z[++i];
            if( c=='u' ){
              u32 v = 0, k;
              for(k=0; k<4 && i<n-2; i++, k++){
                c = z[i+1];
                if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) v = v*16 + c - '0';
                else if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) v = v*16 + c - 'A' + 10;
                else if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) v = v*16 + c - 'a' + 10;
                else break;
              }
              if( v==0 ) break;
              if( v<=0x7f ){
                zOut[j++] = v;
              }else if( v<=0x7ff ){
                zOut[j++] = 0xc0 | (v>>6);
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
              }else{
                zOut[j++] = 0xe0 | (v>>12);
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
              }
            }else{
              if( c=='b' ){
                c = '\b';
              }else if( c=='f' ){
                c = '\f';
              }else if( c=='n' ){
                c = '\n';
              }else if( c=='r' ){
                c = '\r';
              }else if( c=='t' ){
                c = '\t';
              }
              zOut[j++] = c;
            }
          }
        }
        zOut[j] = 0;
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zOut, j, sqlite3_free);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY:
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      JsonString s;
      jsonInit(&s, pCtx);
      jsonRenderNode(pNode, &s, aReplace);
      jsonResult(&s);
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Create a new JsonNode instance based on the arguments and append that
** instance to the JsonParse.  Return the index in pParse->aNode[] of the
** new node, or -1 if a memory allocation fails.
*/
static int jsonParseAddNode(
  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
  u32 eType,                /* Node type */
  u32 n,                    /* Content size or sub-node count */
  const char *zContent      /* Content */
){
  JsonNode *p;
  if( pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc ){
    u32 nNew;
    JsonNode *pNew;
    if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
    nNew = pParse->nAlloc*2 + 10;
    if( nNew<=pParse->nNode ){
      pParse->oom = 1;
      return -1;
    }
    pNew = sqlite3_realloc(pParse->aNode, sizeof(JsonNode)*nNew);
    if( pNew==0 ){
      pParse->oom = 1;
      return -1;
    }
    pParse->nAlloc = nNew;
    pParse->aNode = pNew;
  }
  p = &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode];
  p->eType = (u8)eType;
  p->jnFlags = 0;
  p->iVal = 0;
  p->n = n;
  p->u.zJContent = zContent;
  return pParse->nNode++;
}

/*
** Parse a single JSON value which begins at pParse->zJson[i].  Return the
** index of the first character past the end of the value parsed.
**
** Return negative for a syntax error.  Special cases:  return -2 if the
** first non-whitespace character is '}' and return -3 if the first
** non-whitespace character is ']'.
*/
static int jsonParseValue(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i){
  char c;
  u32 j;
  int iThis;
  int x;
  while( isspace(pParse->zJson[i]) ){ i++; }
  if( (c = pParse->zJson[i])==0 ) return 0;
  if( c=='{' ){
    /* Parse object */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ){
        if( x==(-2) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;
        return -1;
      }
      if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
      if( pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1].eType!=JSON_STRING ) return -1;
      j = x;
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      if( pParse->zJson[j]!=':' ) return -1;
      j++;
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ) return -1;
      j = x;
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c==',' ) continue;
      if( c!='}' ) return -1;
      break;
    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='[' ){
    /* Parse array */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ){
        if( x==(-3) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;
        return -1;
      }
      j = x;
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c==',' ) continue;
      if( c!=']' ) return -1;
      break;
    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='"' ){
    /* Parse string */
    u8 jnFlags = 0;
    j = i+1;
    for(;;){
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c==0 ) return -1;
      if( c=='\\' ){
        c = pParse->zJson[++j];
        if( c==0 ) return -1;
        jnFlags = JNODE_ESCAPE;
      }else if( c=='"' ){
        break;
      }
      j++;
    }
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, j+1-i, &pParse->zJson[i]);
    if( !pParse->oom ) pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1].jnFlags = jnFlags;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='n'
         && strncmp(pParse->zJson+i,"null",4)==0
         && !isalnum(pParse->zJson[i+4]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
    return i+4;
  }else if( c=='t'
         && strncmp(pParse->zJson+i,"true",4)==0
         && !isalnum(pParse->zJson[i+4]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_TRUE, 0, 0);
    return i+4;
  }else if( c=='f'
         && strncmp(pParse->zJson+i,"false",5)==0
         && !isalnum(pParse->zJson[i+5]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_FALSE, 0, 0);
    return i+5;
  }else if( c=='-' || (c>='0' && c<='9') ){
    /* Parse number */
    u8 seenDP = 0;
    u8 seenE = 0;
    j = i+1;
    for(;; j++){
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) continue;
      if( c=='.' ){
        if( pParse->zJson[j-1]=='-' ) return -1;
        if( seenDP ) return -1;
        seenDP = 1;
        continue;
      }
      if( c=='e' || c=='E' ){
        if( pParse->zJson[j-1]<'0' ) return -1;
        if( seenE ) return -1;
        seenDP = seenE = 1;
        c = pParse->zJson[j+1];
        if( c=='+' || c=='-' ){
          j++;
          c = pParse->zJson[j+1];
        }
        if( c<'0' || c>'0' ) return -1;
        continue;
      }
      break;
    }
    if( pParse->zJson[j-1]<'0' ) return -1;
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, seenDP ? JSON_REAL : JSON_INT,
                        j - i, &pParse->zJson[i]);
    return j;
  }else if( c=='}' ){
    return -2;  /* End of {...} */
  }else if( c==']' ){
    return -3;  /* End of [...] */
  }else{
    return -1;  /* Syntax error */
  }
}

/*
** Parse a complete JSON string.  Return 0 on success or non-zero if there
** are any errors.  If an error occurs, free all memory associated with
** pParse.
**
** pParse is uninitialized when this routine is called.
*/
static int jsonParse(
  JsonParse *pParse,           /* Initialize and fill this JsonParse object */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* Report errors here */
  const char *zJson            /* Input JSON text to be parsed */
){
  int i;
  memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(*pParse));
  if( zJson==0 ) return 1;
  pParse->zJson = zJson;
  i = jsonParseValue(pParse, 0);
  if( pParse->oom ) i = -1;
  if( i>0 ){
    while( isspace(zJson[i]) ) i++;
    if( zJson[i] ) i = -1;
  }
  if( i<0 ){
    if( pParse->oom && pCtx!=0 ) sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
    jsonParseReset(pParse);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Mark node i of pParse as being a child of iParent.  Call recursively
** to fill in all the descendants of node i.
*/
static void jsonParseFillInParentage(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i, u32 iParent){
  JsonNode *pNode = &pParse->aNode[i];
  u32 j;
  pParse->aUp[i] = iParent;
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j)){
        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j, i);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j+1)+1){
        pParse->aUp[i+j] = i;
        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j+1, i);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Compute the parentage of all nodes in a completed parse.
*/
static int jsonParseFindParents(JsonParse *pParse){
  u32 *aUp;
  assert( pParse->aUp==0 );
  aUp = pParse->aUp = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(u32)*pParse->nNode );
  if( aUp==0 ){
    pParse->oom = 1;
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, 0, 0);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* forward declaration */
static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(JsonParse*,const char*,int*);

/*
** Search along zPath to find the node specified.  Return a pointer
** to that node, or NULL if zPath is malformed or if there is no such
** node.
**
** If pApnd!=0, then try to append new nodes to complete zPath if it is
** possible to do so and if no existing node corresponds to zPath.  If
** new nodes are appended *pApnd is set to 1.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookup(
  JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
  u32 iRoot,              /* Begin the search at this node */
  const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
  int *pApnd              /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
){
  u32 i, j, nKey;
  const char *zKey;
  JsonNode *pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
  if( zPath[0]==0 ) return pRoot;
  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ) return 0;
    zPath++;
    if( zPath[0]=='"' ){
      zKey = zPath + 1;
      for(i=1; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='"'; i++){}
      nKey = i-1;
      if( zPath[i] ) i++;
    }else{
      zKey = zPath;
      for(i=0; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='.' && zPath[i]!='['; i++){}
      nKey = i;
    }
    if( nKey==0 ) return 0;
    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n ){
        if( pRoot[j].n==nKey+2
         && strncmp(&pRoot[j].u.zJContent[1],zKey,nKey)==0
        ){
          return jsonLookup(pParse, iRoot+j+1, &zPath[i], pApnd);
        }
        j++;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( pApnd ){
      u32 iStart, iLabel;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, i, zPath);
      zPath += i;
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
        pParse->aNode[iLabel].jnFlags |= JNODE_RAW;
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else if( zPath[0]=='[' && isdigit(zPath[1]) ){
    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
    i = 0;
    zPath++;
    while( isdigit(zPath[0]) ){
      i = i*10 + zPath[0] - '0';
      zPath++;
    }
    if( zPath[0]!=']' ) return 0;
    zPath++;
    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n && (i>0 || (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)!=0) ){
        if( (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i--;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( j<=pRoot->n ){
      return jsonLookup(pParse, iRoot+j, zPath, pApnd);
    }
    if( i==0 && pApnd ){
      u32 iStart;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 1, 0);
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Append content to pParse that will complete zPath.  Return a pointer
** to the inserted node, or return NULL if the append fails.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(
  JsonParse *pParse,     /* Append content to the JSON parse */
  const char *zPath,     /* Description of content to append */
  int *pApnd             /* Set this flag to 1 */
){
  *pApnd = 1;
  if( zPath[0]==0 ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
    return pParse->oom ? 0 : &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1];
  }
  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
  }else if( strncmp(zPath,"[0]",3)==0 ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
  return jsonLookup(pParse, pParse->nNode-1, zPath, pApnd);
}

/*
** Report the wrong number of arguments for json_insert(), json_replace()
** or json_set().
*/
static void jsonWrongNumArgs(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const char *zFuncName
){
  char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("json_%s() needs an odd number of arguments",
                               zFuncName);
  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
  sqlite3_free(zMsg);     
}

/****************************************************************************
** SQL functions used for testing and debugging
****************************************************************************/

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** The json_parse(JSON) function returns a string which describes
** a parse of the JSON provided.  Or it returns NULL if JSON is not
** well-formed.
*/
static void jsonParseFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonString s;       /* Output string - not real JSON */
  JsonParse x;        /* The parse */
  u32 i;

  assert( argc==1 );
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  jsonParseFindParents(&x);
  jsonInit(&s, ctx);
  for(i=0; i<x.nNode; i++){
    jsonPrintf(100, &s,"node %3u: %7s n=%-4d up=%d\n",
               i, jsonType[x.aNode[i].eType], x.aNode[i].n, x.aUp[i]);
    if( x.aNode[i].u.zJContent!=0 ){
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, "    text: ", 10);
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, x.aNode[i].u.zJContent, x.aNode[i].n);
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, "\n", 1);
    }
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  jsonResult(&s);
}

/*
** The json_test1(JSON) function parses and rebuilds the JSON string.
*/
static void jsonTest1Func(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;  /* The parse */
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  jsonReturn(x.aNode, ctx, 0);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** The json_nodecount(JSON) function returns the number of nodes in the
** input JSON string.
*/
static void jsonNodeCountFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;  /* The parse */
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)x.nNode);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/****************************************************************************
** SQL function implementations
****************************************************************************/

/*
** Implementation of the json_array(VALUE,...) function.  Return a JSON
** array that contains all values given in arguments.  Or if any argument
** is a BLOB, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonArrayFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  int i;
  JsonString jx;

  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i], 0);
  }
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
  jsonResult(&jx);
}


/*
** json_array_length(JSON)
** json_array_length(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the number of elements in the top-level JSON array.  
** Return 0 if the input is not a well-formed JSON array.
*/
static void jsonArrayLengthFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  sqlite3_int64 n = 0;
  u32 i;
  const char *zPath;

  if( argc==2 ){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    if( zPath==0 ) return;
    if( zPath[0]!='$' ) return;
    zPath++;
  }else{
    zPath = 0;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]))==0 ){
    if( x.nNode ){
      JsonNode *pNode = x.aNode;
      if( zPath ) pNode = jsonLookup(&x, 0, zPath, 0);
      if( pNode->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        assert( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
        for(i=1; i<=pNode->n; n++){
          i += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[i]);
        }
      }
    }
    jsonParseReset(&x);
  }
  if( !x.oom ) sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, n);
}

/*
** json_check(JSON)
**
** Check the JSON argument to verify that it is well-formed.  Return a
** compacted version of the argument (with white-space removed) if the
** argument is well-formed.  Through an error if the argument is not
** correctly formatted JSON.
*/
static void jsonCheckFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ){
    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "malformed JSON", -1);
    return;
  }
  jsonReturn(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_extract(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the element described by PATH.  Return NULL if JSON is not
** valid JSON or if there is no PATH element or if PATH is malformed.
*/
static void jsonExtractFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  assert( argc==2 );
  zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
  if( zPath==0 ) return;
  if( zPath[0]!='$' ) return;
  zPath++;
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  pNode = jsonLookup(&x, 0, zPath, 0);
  if( pNode ){
    jsonReturn(pNode, ctx, 0);
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** Implementation of the json_object(NAME,VALUE,...) function.  Return a JSON
** object that contains all name/value given in arguments.  Or if any name
** is not a string or if any value is a BLOB, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonObjectFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  int i;
  JsonString jx;
  const char *z;
  u32 n;

  if( argc&1 ){
    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() requires an even number "
                                  "of arguments", -1);
    return;
  }
  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '{');
  for(i=0; i<argc; i+=2){
    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
      sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() labels must be TEXT", -1);
      jsonZero(&jx);
      return;
    }
    jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
    z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
    jsonAppendString(&jx, z, n);
    jsonAppendChar(&jx, ':');
    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i+1], 0);
  }
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '}');
  jsonResult(&jx);
}


/*
** json_remove(JSON, PATH, ...)
**
** Remove the named elements from JSON and return the result.  Ill-formed
** PATH arguments are silently ignored.  If JSON is ill-formed, then NULL
** is returned.
*/
static void jsonRemoveFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i++){
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      if( zPath==0 ) continue;
      if( zPath[0]!='$' ) continue;
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, 0, &zPath[1], 0);
      if( pNode ) pNode->jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
    }
    if( (x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
      jsonReturn(x.aNode, ctx, 0);
    }
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_replace(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Replace the value at PATH with VALUE.  If PATH does not already exist,
** this routine is a no-op.  If JSON is ill-formed, return NULL.
*/
static void jsonReplaceFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
    jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, "replace");
    return;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
      u8 jnFlags = JNODE_REPLACE;
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      if( zPath==0 ) continue;
      if( zPath[0]!='$' ) continue;
      if( zPath[1]=='$' ){
        zPath++;
        jnFlags = JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_JSON;
      }
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, 0, &zPath[1], 0);
      if( pNode ){
        pNode->jnFlags &= ~JNODE_JSON;
        pNode->jnFlags |= jnFlags;
        pNode->iVal = i+1;
      }
    }
    if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
      sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].iVal]);
    }else{
      jsonReturn(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
    }
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_set(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Set the value at PATH to VALUE.  Create the PATH if it does not already
** exist.  Overwrite existing values that do exist.
** If JSON is ill-formed, return NULL.
**
** json_insert(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Create PATH and initialize it to VALUE.  If PATH already exists, this
** routine is a no-op.  If JSON is ill-formed, return NULL.
*/
static void jsonSetFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;
  int bApnd;
  int bIsSet = *(int*)sqlite3_user_data(ctx);

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
    jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, bIsSet ? "set" : "insert");
    return;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
      u8 jnFlags = JNODE_REPLACE;
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      if( zPath==0 ) continue;
      if( zPath[0]!='$' ) continue;
      if( zPath[1]=='$' ){
        zPath++;
        jnFlags = JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_JSON;
      }
      bApnd = 0;
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, 0, &zPath[1], &bApnd);
      if( x.oom ){
        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
        goto jsonSetDone;
      }else if( pNode && (bApnd || bIsSet) ){
        pNode->jnFlags &= ~JNODE_JSON;
        pNode->jnFlags |= jnFlags;
        pNode->iVal = i+1;
      }
    }
    if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
      sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].iVal]);
    }else{
      jsonReturn(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
    }
  }
jsonSetDone:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_type(JSON)
** json_type(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the top-level "type" of a JSON string.  Return NULL if the
** input is not a well-formed JSON string.
*/
static void jsonTypeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  const char *zPath;

  if( argc==2 ){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    if( zPath==0 ) return;
    if( zPath[0]!='$' ) return;
    zPath++;
  }else{
    zPath = 0;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    JsonNode *pNode = x.aNode;
    if( zPath ) pNode = jsonLookup(&x, 0, zPath, 0);
    if( pNode ){
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pNode->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
    }
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_valid(JSON)
**
** Return 1 if JSON is a valid JSON string.  Return 0 otherwise.
*/
static void jsonValidFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  int rc = 0;

  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]))==0 
   && x.nNode>0
  ){
    rc = 1;
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  sqlite3_result_int(ctx, rc);
}

/****************************************************************************
** The json_each virtual table
****************************************************************************/
typedef struct JsonEachCursor JsonEachCursor;
struct JsonEachCursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  u32 iRowid;                /* The rowid */
  u32 i;                     /* Index in sParse.aNode[] of current row */
  u32 iEnd;                  /* EOF when i equals or exceeds this value */
  u8 eType;                  /* Type of top-level element */
  u8 bRecursive;             /* True for json_tree().  False for json_each() */
  char *zJson;               /* Input JSON */
  char *zPath;               /* Path by which to filter zJson */
  JsonParse sParse;          /* Parse of the input JSON */
};

/* Constructor for the json_each virtual table */
static int jsonEachConnect(
  sqlite3 *db,
  void *pAux,
  int argc, const char *const*argv,
  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
  char **pzErr
){
  sqlite3_vtab *pNew;
  int rc;

/* Column numbers */
#define JEACH_KEY     0
#define JEACH_VALUE   1
#define JEACH_TYPE    2
#define JEACH_ATOM    3
#define JEACH_ID      4
#define JEACH_PARENT  5
#define JEACH_FULLKEY 6
#define JEACH_JSON    7
#define JEACH_PATH    8

  UNUSED_PARAM(pzErr);
  UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
  UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
  UNUSED_PARAM(pAux);
  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
     "CREATE TABLE x(key,value,type,atom,id,parent,fullkey,"
                    "json HIDDEN,path HIDDEN)");
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
  }
  return rc;
}

/* destructor for json_each virtual table */
static int jsonEachDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_each(). */
static int jsonEachOpenEach(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  JsonEachCursor *pCur;

  UNUSED_PARAM(p);
  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_tree(). */
static int jsonEachOpenTree(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  int rc = jsonEachOpenEach(p, ppCursor);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    JsonEachCursor *pCur = (JsonEachCursor*)*ppCursor;
    pCur->bRecursive = 1;
  }
  return rc;
}

/* Reset a JsonEachCursor back to its original state.  Free any memory
** held. */
static void jsonEachCursorReset(JsonEachCursor *p){
  sqlite3_free(p->zJson);
  sqlite3_free(p->zPath);
  jsonParseReset(&p->sParse);
  p->iRowid = 0;
  p->i = 0;
  p->iEnd = 0;
  p->eType = 0;
  p->zJson = 0;
  p->zPath = 0;
}

/* Destructor for a jsonEachCursor object */
static int jsonEachClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  sqlite3_free(cur);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Return TRUE if the jsonEachCursor object has been advanced off the end
** of the JSON object */
static int jsonEachEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  return p->i >= p->iEnd;
}

/* Advance the cursor to the next element for json_tree() */
static int jsonEachNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  if( p->bRecursive ){
    if( p->i==0 ){
      p->i = 1;
    }else{
      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
      p->i++;
      if( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT && (pUp->n + iUp >= p->i) ) p->i++;
    }
    p->iRowid++;
    if( p->i<p->sParse.nNode ){
      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
      p->eType = pUp->eType;
      if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        if( iUp==p->i-1 ){
          pUp->u.iKey = 0;
        }else{
          pUp->u.iKey++;
        }
      }
    }
  }else{
    switch( p->eType ){
      case JSON_ARRAY: {
        p->i += jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i]);
        p->iRowid++;
        break;
      }
      case JSON_OBJECT: {
        p->i += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i+1]);
        p->iRowid++;
        break;
      }
      default: {
        p->i = p->iEnd;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Append the name of the path for element i to pStr
*/
static void jsonEachComputePath(
  JsonEachCursor *p,       /* The cursor */
  JsonString *pStr,        /* Write the path here */
  u32 i                    /* Path to this element */
){
  JsonNode *pNode, *pUp;
  u32 iUp;
  if( i==0 ){
    jsonAppendChar(pStr, '$');
    return;
  }
  iUp = p->sParse.aUp[i];
  jsonEachComputePath(p, pStr, iUp);
  pNode = &p->sParse.aNode[i];
  pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
  if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
    jsonPrintf(30, pStr, "[%d]", pUp->u.iKey);
  }else{
    assert( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
    if( pNode->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ) pNode--;
    assert( pNode->eType==JSON_STRING );
    jsonPrintf(pNode->n+1, pStr, ".%.*s", pNode->n-2, pNode->u.zJContent+1);
  }
}

/* Return the value of a column */
static int jsonEachColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
  int i                       /* Which column to return */
){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  JsonNode *pThis = &p->sParse.aNode[p->i];
  switch( i ){
    case JEACH_KEY: {
      if( p->i==0 ) break;
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
        jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      }else if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        u32 iKey;
        if( p->bRecursive ){
          if( p->iRowid==0 ) break;
          iKey = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].u.iKey;
        }else{
          iKey = p->iRowid;
        }
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)iKey);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_VALUE: {
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT && p->i>0 ) pThis++;
      jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_TYPE: {
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT && p->i>0 ) pThis++;
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pThis->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_ATOM: {
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT && p->i>0 ) pThis++;
      if( pThis->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ) break;
      jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_ID: {
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->i + (p->eType==JSON_OBJECT));
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PARENT: {
      if( p->i>0 && p->bRecursive ){
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_FULLKEY: {
      JsonString x;
      jsonInit(&x, ctx);
      if( p->bRecursive ){
        jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->i);
      }else{
        if( p->zPath ){
          jsonAppendRaw(&x, p->zPath, (int)strlen(p->zPath));
        }else{
          jsonAppendChar(&x, '$');
        }
        if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
          jsonPrintf(30, &x, "[%d]", p->iRowid);
        }else{
          jsonPrintf(pThis->n, &x, ".%.*s", pThis->n-2, pThis->u.zJContent+1);
        }
      }
      jsonResult(&x);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PATH: {
      const char *zPath = p->zPath;
       if( zPath==0 ){
        if( p->bRecursive ){
          JsonString x;
          jsonInit(&x, ctx);
          jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
          jsonResult(&x);
          break;
        }
        zPath = "$";
      }
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zPath, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
    default: {
      assert( i==JEACH_JSON );
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, p->sParse.zJson, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Return the current rowid value */
static int jsonEachRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  *pRowid = p->iRowid;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* The query strategy is to look for an equality constraint on the json
** column.  Without such a constraint, the table cannot operate.  idxNum is
** 1 if the constraint is found, 3 if the constraint and zPath are found,
** and 0 otherwise.
*/
static int jsonEachBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  int i;
  int jsonIdx = -1;
  int pathIdx = -1;
  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;

  UNUSED_PARAM(tab);
  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
    switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
      case JEACH_JSON:   jsonIdx = i;    break;
      case JEACH_PATH:   pathIdx = i;    break;
      default:           /* no-op */     break;
    }
  }
  if( jsonIdx<0 ){
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1e99;
  }else{
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jsonIdx].argvIndex = 1;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jsonIdx].omit = 1;
    if( pathIdx<0 ){
      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
    }else{
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[pathIdx].argvIndex = 2;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[pathIdx].omit = 1;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 3;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Start a search on a new JSON string */
static int jsonEachFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  const char *z;
  const char *zPath;
  sqlite3_int64 n;

  UNUSED_PARAM(idxStr);
  UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  if( idxNum==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
  z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  if( z==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
  if( idxNum&2 ){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    if( zPath==0 || zPath[0]!='$' ) return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
  p->zJson = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
  if( p->zJson==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memcpy(p->zJson, z, (size_t)n+1);
  if( jsonParse(&p->sParse, 0, p->zJson) 
   || (p->bRecursive && jsonParseFindParents(&p->sParse))
  ){
    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  }else{
    JsonNode *pNode;
    if( idxNum==3 ){
      p->bRecursive = 0;
      n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
      p->zPath = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
      if( p->zPath==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
      memcpy(p->zPath, zPath, (size_t)n+1);
      pNode = jsonLookup(&p->sParse, 0, p->zPath+1, 0);
      if( pNode==0 ){
        jsonEachCursorReset(p);
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }
    }else{
      pNode = p->sParse.aNode;
    }
    p->i = (int)(pNode - p->sParse.aNode);
    p->eType = pNode->eType;
    if( p->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ){
      pNode->u.iKey = 0;
      p->iEnd = p->i + pNode->n + 1;
      if( !p->bRecursive ) p->i++;
    }else{
      p->iEnd = p->i+1;
    }
  }
  return p->sParse.oom ? SQLITE_NOMEM : SQLITE_OK;
}

/* The methods of the json_each virtual table */
static sqlite3_module jsonEachModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  jsonEachConnect,           /* xConnect */
  jsonEachBestIndex,         /* xBestIndex */
  jsonEachDisconnect,        /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  jsonEachOpenEach,          /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  jsonEachClose,             /* xClose - close a cursor */
  jsonEachFilter,            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  jsonEachNext,              /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  jsonEachEof,               /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  jsonEachColumn,            /* xColumn - read data */
  jsonEachRowid,             /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
  0,                         /* xRelease */
  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
};

/* The methods of the json_tree virtual table. */
static sqlite3_module jsonTreeModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  jsonEachConnect,           /* xConnect */
  jsonEachBestIndex,         /* xBestIndex */
  jsonEachDisconnect,        /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  jsonEachOpenTree,          /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  jsonEachClose,             /* xClose - close a cursor */
  jsonEachFilter,            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  jsonEachNext,              /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  jsonEachEof,               /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  jsonEachColumn,            /* xColumn - read data */
  jsonEachRowid,             /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
  0,                         /* xRelease */
  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
};

/****************************************************************************
** The following routine is the only publically visible identifier in this
** file.  Call the following routine in order to register the various SQL
** functions and the virtual table implemented by this file.
****************************************************************************/

#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
int sqlite3_json_init(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  char **pzErrMsg, 
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  unsigned int i;
  static const struct {
     const char *zName;
     int nArg;
     int flag;
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
  } aFunc[] = {
    { "json_array",          -1, 0,   jsonArrayFunc         },
    { "json_array_length",    1, 0,   jsonArrayLengthFunc   },
    { "json_array_length",    2, 0,   jsonArrayLengthFunc   },
    { "json_check",           1, 0,   jsonCheckFunc         },
    { "json_extract",         2, 0,   jsonExtractFunc       },
    { "json_insert",         -1, 0,   jsonSetFunc           },
    { "json_object",         -1, 0,   jsonObjectFunc        },
    { "json_remove",         -1, 0,   jsonRemoveFunc        },
    { "json_replace",        -1, 0,   jsonReplaceFunc       },
    { "json_set",            -1, 1,   jsonSetFunc           },
    { "json_type",            1, 0,   jsonTypeFunc          },
    { "json_type",            2, 0,   jsonTypeFunc          },
    { "json_valid",           1, 0,   jsonValidFunc         },

#if SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* DEBUG and TESTING functions */
    { "json_parse",           1, 0,   jsonParseFunc         },
    { "json_test1",           1, 0,   jsonTest1Func         },
    { "json_nodecount",       1, 0,   jsonNodeCountFunc     },
#endif
  };
  static const struct {
     const char *zName;
     sqlite3_module *pModule;
  } aMod[] = {
    { "json_each",            &jsonEachModule               },
    { "json_tree",            &jsonTreeModule               },
  };
  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aFunc)/sizeof(aFunc[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aFunc[i].zName, aFunc[i].nArg,
                                 SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, 
                                 (void*)&aFunc[i].flag,
                                 aFunc[i].xFunc, 0, 0);
  }
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aMod)/sizeof(aMod[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, aMod[i].zName, aMod[i].pModule, 0);
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** 2015-08-18
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file demonstrates how to create a table-valued-function using
** a virtual table.  This demo implements the generate_series() function
** which gives similar results to the eponymous function in PostgreSQL.
** Examples:
**
**      SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100,5);
**
** The query above returns integers from 0 through 100 counting by steps
** of 5.
**
**      SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100);
**
** Integers from 0 through 100 with a step size of 1.
**
**      SELECT * FROM generate_series(20) LIMIT 10;
**
** Integers 20 through 29.
**
** HOW IT WORKS
**
** The generate_series "function" is really a virtual table with the
** following schema:
**
**     CREATE FUNCTION generate_series(
**       value,
**       start HIDDEN,
**       stop HIDDEN,
**       step HIDDEN
**     );
**
** Function arguments in queries against this virtual table are translated
** into equality constraints against successive hidden columns.  In other
** words, the following pairs of queries are equivalent to each other:
**
**    SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100,5);
**    SELECT * FROM generate_series WHERE start=0 AND stop=100 AND step=5;
**
**    SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,100);
**    SELECT * FROM generate_series WHERE start=0 AND stop=100;
**
**    SELECT * FROM generate_series(20) LIMIT 10;
**    SELECT * FROM generate_series WHERE start=20 LIMIT 10;
**
** The generate_series virtual table implementation leaves the xCreate method
** set to NULL.  This means that it is not possible to do a CREATE VIRTUAL
** TABLE command with "generate_series" as the USING argument.  Instead, there
** is a single generate_series virtual table that is always available without
** having to be created first.
**
** The xBestIndex method looks for equality constraints against the hidden
** start, stop, and step columns, and if present, it uses those constraints
** to bound the sequence of generated values.  If the equality constraints
** are missing, it uses 0 for start, 4294967295 for stop, and 1 for step.
** xBestIndex returns a small cost when both start and stop are available,
** and a very large cost if either start or stop are unavailable.  This
** encourages the query planner to order joins such that the bounds of the
** series are well-defined.
*/
#include "sqlite3ext.h"
SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE


/* series_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
** over rows of the result
*/
typedef struct series_cursor series_cursor;
struct series_cursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  int isDesc;                /* True to count down rather than up */
  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
  sqlite3_int64 iValue;      /* Current value ("value") */
  sqlite3_int64 mnValue;     /* Mimimum value ("start") */
  sqlite3_int64 mxValue;     /* Maximum value ("stop") */
  sqlite3_int64 iStep;       /* Increment ("step") */
};

/*
** The seriesConnect() method is invoked to create a new
** series_vtab that describes the generate_series virtual table.
**
** Think of this routine as the constructor for series_vtab objects.
**
** All this routine needs to do is:
**
**    (1) Allocate the series_vtab object and initialize all fields.
**
**    (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
**        result set of queries against generate_series will look like.
*/
static int seriesConnect(
  sqlite3 *db,
  void *pAux,
  int argc, const char *const*argv,
  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
  char **pzErr
){
  sqlite3_vtab *pNew;
  int rc;

/* Column numbers */
#define SERIES_COLUMN_VALUE 0
#define SERIES_COLUMN_START 1
#define SERIES_COLUMN_STOP  2
#define SERIES_COLUMN_STEP  3

  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
     "CREATE TABLE x(value,start hidden,stop hidden,step hidden)");
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** This method is the destructor for series_cursor objects.
*/
static int seriesDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Constructor for a new series_cursor object.
*/
static int seriesOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  series_cursor *pCur;
  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Destructor for a series_cursor.
*/
static int seriesClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  sqlite3_free(cur);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}


/*
** Advance a series_cursor to its next row of output.
*/
static int seriesNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
  if( pCur->isDesc ){
    pCur->iValue -= pCur->iStep;
  }else{
    pCur->iValue += pCur->iStep;
  }
  pCur->iRowid++;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return values of columns for the row at which the series_cursor
** is currently pointing.
*/
static int seriesColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
  int i                       /* Which column to return */
){
  series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
  sqlite3_int64 x = 0;
  switch( i ){
    case SERIES_COLUMN_START:  x = pCur->mnValue; break;
    case SERIES_COLUMN_STOP:   x = pCur->mxValue; break;
    case SERIES_COLUMN_STEP:   x = pCur->iStep;   break;
    default:                   x = pCur->iValue;  break;
  }
  sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, x);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
** rowid is the same as the output value.
*/
static int seriesRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
  series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
** row of output.
*/
static int seriesEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor*)cur;
  if( pCur->isDesc ){
    return pCur->iValue < pCur->mnValue;
  }else{
    return pCur->iValue > pCur->mxValue;
  }
}

/*
** This method is called to "rewind" the series_cursor object back
** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
** once prior to any call to seriesColumn() or seriesRowid() or 
** seriesEof().
**
** The query plan selected by seriesBestIndex is passed in the idxNum
** parameter.  (idxStr is not used in this implementation.)  idxNum
** is a bitmask showing which constraints are available:
**
**    1:    start=VALUE
**    2:    stop=VALUE
**    4:    step=VALUE
**
** Also, if bit 8 is set, that means that the series should be output
** in descending order rather than in ascending order.
**
** This routine should initialize the cursor and position it so that it
** is pointing at the first row, or pointing off the end of the table
** (so that seriesEof() will return true) if the table is empty.
*/
static int seriesFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  series_cursor *pCur = (series_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
  int i = 0;
  if( idxNum & 1 ){
    pCur->mnValue = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[i++]);
  }else{
    pCur->mnValue = 0;
  }
  if( idxNum & 2 ){
    pCur->mxValue = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[i++]);
  }else{
    pCur->mxValue = 0xffffffff;
  }
  if( idxNum & 4 ){
    pCur->iStep = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[i++]);
    if( pCur->iStep<1 ) pCur->iStep = 1;
  }else{
    pCur->iStep = 1;
  }
  if( idxNum & 8 ){
    pCur->isDesc = 1;
    pCur->iValue = pCur->mxValue;
    if( pCur->iStep>0 ){
      pCur->iValue -= (pCur->mxValue - pCur->mnValue)%pCur->iStep;
    }
  }else{
    pCur->isDesc = 0;
    pCur->iValue = pCur->mnValue;
  }
  pCur->iRowid = 1;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
** that uses the generate_series virtual table.  This routine needs to create
** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
** plan.
**
** In this implementation idxNum is used to represent the
** query plan.  idxStr is unused.
**
** The query plan is represented by bits in idxNum:
**
**  (1)  start = $value  -- constraint exists
**  (2)  stop = $value   -- constraint exists
**  (4)  step = $value   -- constraint exists
**  (8)  output in descending order
*/
static int seriesBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
  int idxNum = 0;        /* The query plan bitmask */
  int startIdx = -1;     /* Index of the start= constraint, or -1 if none */
  int stopIdx = -1;      /* Index of the stop= constraint, or -1 if none */
  int stepIdx = -1;      /* Index of the step= constraint, or -1 if none */
  int nArg = 0;          /* Number of arguments that seriesFilter() expects */

  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
    switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
      case SERIES_COLUMN_START:
        startIdx = i;
        idxNum |= 1;
        break;
      case SERIES_COLUMN_STOP:
        stopIdx = i;
        idxNum |= 2;
        break;
      case SERIES_COLUMN_STEP:
        stepIdx = i;
        idxNum |= 4;
        break;
    }
  }
  if( startIdx>=0 ){
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[startIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[startIdx].omit = 1;
  }
  if( stopIdx>=0 ){
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stopIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stopIdx].omit = 1;
  }
  if( stepIdx>=0 ){
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stepIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stepIdx].omit = 1;
  }
  if( (idxNum & 3)==3 ){
    /* Both start= and stop= boundaries are available.  This is the 
    ** the preferred case */
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)1;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 1000;
    if( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy==1 ){
      if( pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc ) idxNum |= 8;
      pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
    }
  }else{
    /* If either boundary is missing, we have to generate a huge span
    ** of numbers.  Make this case very expensive so that the query
    ** planner will work hard to avoid it. */
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)2147483647;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 2147483647;
  }
  pIdxInfo->idxNum = idxNum;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
** generate_series virtual table.
*/
static sqlite3_module seriesModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  seriesConnect,             /* xConnect */
  seriesBestIndex,           /* xBestIndex */
  seriesDisconnect,          /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  seriesOpen,                /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  seriesClose,               /* xClose - close a cursor */
  seriesFilter,              /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  seriesNext,                /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  seriesEof,                 /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  seriesColumn,              /* xColumn - read data */
  seriesRowid,               /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
};

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
int sqlite3_series_init(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  char **pzErrMsg, 
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( sqlite3_libversion_number()<3008012 ){
    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
        "generate_series() requires SQLite 3.8.12 or later");
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "generate_series", &seriesModule, 0);
#endif
  return rc;
}

# 2015 August 14
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

if {![info exists testdir]} {
  set testdir [file join [file dirname [info script]] .. .. test]
}
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix rbusave

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b, c) WITHOUT ROWID;
  CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(b);
  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t2(c, b);

  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 1, 1);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 2, 2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 3, 3);

  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 1, 1);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2, 2, 2);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3, 3, 3);
}

do_test 1.1 {
  forcedelete test.db2
  sqlite3 db2 test.db2
  db2 eval {
    CREATE TABLE data_t1(a, b, c, rbu_control);
    INSERT INTO data_t1 VALUES(4, 4, 4, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t1 VALUES(2, NULL, NULL, 1);
    INSERT INTO data_t1 VALUES(1, 'one', NULL, '.x.');

    CREATE TABLE data_t2(a, b, c, rbu_control);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(4, 4, 4, 0);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(2, NULL, NULL, 1);
    INSERT INTO data_t2 VALUES(1, 'one', NULL, '.x.');
  }
} {}

proc test_to_bak {} {
  foreach f {
    test.db test.db-wal test.db-oal test.db-journal 
    test.db2 test.db2-wal test.db2-oal test.db2-journal 
  } {
    set t [string map {test bak} $f]
    forcedelete $t
    if {[file exists $f]} { forcecopy $f $t }
  }
}

do_test 1.2 {
  test_to_bak
  sqlite3rbu rrr bak.db bak.db2
  set nStep 0
  while {[rrr step]=="SQLITE_OK"} {incr nStep}
  set res2 [rrr close]
} {SQLITE_DONE}


sqlite3rbu rbu test.db test.db2
set res "SQLITE_OK"
for {set i 1} {$res=="SQLITE_OK"} {incr i} {
  set res [rbu step]

  do_test 1.3.$i.1 {
    rbu savestate
    test_to_bak
    sqlite3rbu rrr bak.db bak.db2
    set nRem 0
    while {[rrr step]=="SQLITE_OK"} {incr nRem}
    set res2 [rrr close]
  } {SQLITE_DONE}

  do_test 1.3.$i.3 { expr $nRem+$i } [expr {$nStep + ($res=="SQLITE_DONE")}]

  do_test 1.3.$i.3 {
    sqlite3 bak bak.db
    bak eval {
      SELECT * FROM t1;
      SELECT * FROM t2;
    }
  } {1 one 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 one 1 3 3 3 4 4 4}

  bak close
}

do_test 1.4 { rbu close } {SQLITE_DONE}

do_execsql_test 1.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t1;
  SELECT * FROM t2;
} {1 one 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 one 1 3 3 3 4 4 4}

finish_test

** 
*/

#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#if !defined(_WIN32)
#  include <unistd.h>
#endif

#include "sqlite3.h"

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RBU)
#include "sqlite3rbu.h"

/* Maximum number of prepared UPDATE statements held by this module */
#define SQLITE_RBU_UPDATE_CACHESIZE 16
................................................................................

/*
** If there is a "*-oal" file in the file-system corresponding to the
** target database in the file-system, delete it. If an error occurs,
** leave an error code and error message in the rbu handle.
*/
static void rbuDeleteOalFile(sqlite3rbu *p){
  char *zOal = sqlite3_mprintf("%s-oal", p->zTarget);


  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK && p->zErrmsg==0 );
  unlink(zOal);

  sqlite3_free(zOal);

}

/*
** Allocate a private rbu VFS for the rbu handle passed as the only
** argument. This VFS will be used unless the call to sqlite3rbu_open()
** specified a URI with a vfs=? option in place of a target database
** file name.
................................................................................
      ** page 1 of the database file. */
      p->rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      p->zErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("database modified during rbu update");
    }

    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){


        /* Open transactions both databases. The *-oal file is opened or
        ** created at this point. */
        p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0, &p->zErrmsg);
        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0, &p->zErrmsg);
        }
  










        /* Point the object iterator at the first object */
        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          p->rc = rbuObjIterFirst(p, &p->objiter);
        }

        /* If the RBU database contains no data_xxx tables, declare the RBU
        ** update finished.  */
................................................................................
** Return the total number of key-value operations (inserts, deletes or 
** updates) that have been performed on the target database since the
** current RBU update was started.
*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
  return pRbu->nProgress;
}



























/**************************************************************************
** Beginning of RBU VFS shim methods. The VFS shim modifies the behaviour
** of a standard VFS in the following ways:
**
** 1. Whenever the first page of a main database file is read or 
**    written, the value of the change-counter cookie is stored in

** 
*/

#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>





#include "sqlite3.h"

#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RBU)
#include "sqlite3rbu.h"

/* Maximum number of prepared UPDATE statements held by this module */
#define SQLITE_RBU_UPDATE_CACHESIZE 16
................................................................................

/*
** If there is a "*-oal" file in the file-system corresponding to the
** target database in the file-system, delete it. If an error occurs,
** leave an error code and error message in the rbu handle.
*/
static void rbuDeleteOalFile(sqlite3rbu *p){
  char *zOal = rbuMPrintf(p, "%s-oal", p->zTarget);
  if( zOal ){
    sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
    assert( pVfs && p->rc==SQLITE_OK && p->zErrmsg==0 );

    pVfs->xDelete(pVfs, zOal, 0);
    sqlite3_free(zOal);
  }
}

/*
** Allocate a private rbu VFS for the rbu handle passed as the only
** argument. This VFS will be used unless the call to sqlite3rbu_open()
** specified a URI with a vfs=? option in place of a target database
** file name.
................................................................................
      ** page 1 of the database file. */
      p->rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      p->zErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("database modified during rbu update");
    }

    if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
        sqlite3 *db = p->dbMain;

        /* Open transactions both databases. The *-oal file is opened or
        ** created at this point. */
        p->rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0, &p->zErrmsg);
        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          p->rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0, &p->zErrmsg);
        }

        /* Check if the main database is a zipvfs db. If it is, set the upper
        ** level pager to use "journal_mode=off". This prevents it from 
        ** generating a large journal using a temp file.  */
        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          int frc = sqlite3_file_control(db, "main", SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS, 0);
          if( frc==SQLITE_OK ){
            p->rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "PRAGMA journal_mode=off",0,0,&p->zErrmsg);
          }
        }

        /* Point the object iterator at the first object */
        if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          p->rc = rbuObjIterFirst(p, &p->objiter);
        }

        /* If the RBU database contains no data_xxx tables, declare the RBU
        ** update finished.  */
................................................................................
** Return the total number of key-value operations (inserts, deletes or 
** updates) that have been performed on the target database since the
** current RBU update was started.
*/
sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
  return pRbu->nProgress;
}

int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *p){
  int rc = p->rc;
  
  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ) return SQLITE_OK;

  assert( p->eStage>=RBU_STAGE_OAL && p->eStage<=RBU_STAGE_DONE );
  if( p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "COMMIT", 0, 0, 0);
  }

  p->rc = rc;
  rbuSaveState(p, p->eStage);
  rc = p->rc;

  if( p->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "COMMIT", 0, 0, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbRbu, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbMain, "BEGIN IMMEDIATE", 0, 0,0);
  }

  p->rc = rc;
  return rc;
}

/**************************************************************************
** Beginning of RBU VFS shim methods. The VFS shim modifies the behaviour
** of a standard VFS in the following ways:
**
** 1. Whenever the first page of a main database file is read or 
**    written, the value of the change-counter cookie is stored in

**
** Once a call to sqlite3rbu_step() has returned a value other than
** SQLITE_OK, all subsequent calls on the same RBU handle are no-ops
** that immediately return the same value.
*/
int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);













/*
** Close an RBU handle. 
**
** If the RBU update has been completely applied, mark the RBU database
** as fully applied. Otherwise, assuming no error has occurred, save the
** current state of the RBU update appliation to the RBU database.
**

**
** Once a call to sqlite3rbu_step() has returned a value other than
** SQLITE_OK, all subsequent calls on the same RBU handle are no-ops
** that immediately return the same value.
*/
int sqlite3rbu_step(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);

/*
** Force RBU to save its state to disk.
**
** If a power failure or application crash occurs during an update, following
** system recovery RBU may resume the update from the point at which the state
** was last saved. In other words, from the most recent successful call to 
** sqlite3rbu_close() or this function.
**
** SQLITE_OK is returned if successful, or an SQLite error code otherwise.
*/
int sqlite3rbu_savestate(sqlite3rbu *pRbu);

/*
** Close an RBU handle. 
**
** If the RBU update has been completely applied, mark the RBU database
** as fully applied. Otherwise, assuming no error has occurred, save the
** current state of the RBU update appliation to the RBU database.
**

  ClientData clientData,
  Tcl_Interp *interp,
  int objc,
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
){
  int ret = TCL_OK;
  sqlite3rbu *pRbu = (sqlite3rbu*)clientData;

  const char *azMethod[] = { "step", "close", "create_rbu_delta", 0 };

  int iMethod;

  if( objc!=2 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "METHOD");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], azMethod, "method", 0, &iMethod) ){
................................................................................
    }

    case 2: /* create_rbu_delta */ {
      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3rbu_db(pRbu, 0);
      int rc = sqlite3_create_function(
          db, "rbu_delta", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)interp, test_rbu_delta, 0, 0
      );







      Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(sqlite3ErrName(rc), -1));
      ret = (rc==SQLITE_OK ? TCL_OK : TCL_ERROR);
      break;
    }

    default: /* seems unlikely */
      assert( !"cannot happen" );

  ClientData clientData,
  Tcl_Interp *interp,
  int objc,
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
){
  int ret = TCL_OK;
  sqlite3rbu *pRbu = (sqlite3rbu*)clientData;
  const char *azMethod[] = { 
    "step", "close", "create_rbu_delta", "savestate", 0 
  };
  int iMethod;

  if( objc!=2 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "METHOD");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[1], azMethod, "method", 0, &iMethod) ){
................................................................................
    }

    case 2: /* create_rbu_delta */ {
      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3rbu_db(pRbu, 0);
      int rc = sqlite3_create_function(
          db, "rbu_delta", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)interp, test_rbu_delta, 0, 0
      );
      Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(sqlite3ErrName(rc), -1));
      ret = (rc==SQLITE_OK ? TCL_OK : TCL_ERROR);
      break;
    }

    case 3: /* savestate */ {
      int rc = sqlite3rbu_savestate(pRbu);
      Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(sqlite3ErrName(rc), -1));
      ret = (rc==SQLITE_OK ? TCL_OK : TCL_ERROR);
      break;
    }

    default: /* seems unlikely */
      assert( !"cannot happen" );

TESTSRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/amatch.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/closure.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/eval.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fileio.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fuzzer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/ieee754.c \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/totype.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/wholenumber.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/vfslog.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_test_mi.c \
  fts5.c

TESTSRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/amatch.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/closure.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/eval.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fileio.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fuzzer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/ieee754.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/series.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/totype.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/wholenumber.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/vfslog.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_test_mi.c \
  fts5.c

  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    return 0;
  }

  p = sqlite3FindTable(pParse->db, zName, zDbase);
  if( p==0 ){
    const char *zMsg = isView ? "no such view" : "no such table";









    if( zDbase ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
    }else{
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
    }
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
  }
................................................................................
  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
}

/*
** Delete memory allocated for the column names of a table or view (the
** Table.aCol[] array).
*/
static void sqliteDeleteColumnNames(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
  int i;
  Column *pCol;
  assert( pTable!=0 );
  if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zName);
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
................................................................................
  }

  /* Delete any foreign keys attached to this table. */
  sqlite3FkDelete(db, pTable);

  /* Delete the Table structure itself.
  */
  sqliteDeleteColumnNames(db, pTable);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zName);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zColAff);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTable->pSelect);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTable->pCheck);
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3VtabClear(db, pTable);
#endif
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);

  /* Verify that no lookaside memory was used by schema tables */
  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==db->lookaside.nOut );
................................................................................
    iCol = pTab->nCol - 1;
    pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
    zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
    nTerm = 1;
  }else{
    nTerm = pList->nExpr;
    for(i=0; i<nTerm; i++){



      for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
        if( sqlite3StrICmp(pList->a[i].zName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)==0 ){
          pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
          zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
          break;

        }
      }
    }
  }
  if( nTerm==1
   && zType && sqlite3StrICmp(zType, "INTEGER")==0
   && sortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC
  ){
    pTab->iPKey = iCol;
    pTab->keyConf = (u8)onError;
    assert( autoInc==0 || autoInc==1 );
    pTab->tabFlags |= autoInc*TF_Autoincrement;
    if( pList ) pParse->iPkSortOrder = pList->a[0].sortOrder;
  }else if( autoInc ){
................................................................................
  }

  /* Locate the PRIMARY KEY index.  Or, if this table was originally
  ** an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table, create a new PRIMARY KEY index. 
  */
  if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
    ExprList *pList;



    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 0);

    if( pList==0 ) return;
    pList->a[0].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db,
                                        pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName);
    pList->a[0].sortOrder = pParse->iPkSortOrder;
    assert( pParse->pNewTable==pTab );
    pPk = sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, pTab->keyConf, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    if( pPk==0 ) return;
    pPk->idxType = SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY;
    pTab->iPKey = -1;
  }else{
................................................................................
** The parser calls this routine in order to create a new VIEW
*/
void sqlite3CreateView(
  Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
  Token *pBegin,     /* The CREATE token that begins the statement */
  Token *pName1,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
  Token *pName2,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */

  Select *pSelect,   /* A SELECT statement that will become the new view */
  int isTemp,        /* TRUE for a TEMPORARY view */
  int noErr          /* Suppress error messages if VIEW already exists */
){
  Table *p;
  int n;
  const char *z;
................................................................................
  if( pParse->nVar>0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parameters are not allowed in views");
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
    return;
  }
  sqlite3StartTable(pParse, pName1, pName2, isTemp, 1, 0, noErr);
  p = pParse->pNewTable;
  if( p==0 || pParse->nErr ){
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
    return;
  }
  sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
  sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "view", pName);
  if( sqlite3FixSelect(&sFix, pSelect) ){
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
    return;
  }

  /* Make a copy of the entire SELECT statement that defines the view.
  ** This will force all the Expr.token.z values to be dynamically
  ** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
  ** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
  */
  p->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    return;
  }

  /* Locate the end of the CREATE VIEW statement.  Make sEnd point to
  ** the end.
  */
  sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;

  if( ALWAYS(sEnd.z[0]!=0) && sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
    sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
  }
  sEnd.n = 0;
  n = (int)(sEnd.z - pBegin->z);

  z = pBegin->z;
  while( ALWAYS(n>0) && sqlite3Isspace(z[n-1]) ){ n--; }
  sEnd.z = &z[n-1];
  sEnd.n = 1;

  /* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the SQLITE_MASTER table */
  sqlite3EndTable(pParse, 0, &sEnd, 0, 0);




  return;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
/*
** The Table structure pTable is really a VIEW.  Fill in the names of
................................................................................
int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
  Table *pSelTab;   /* A fake table from which we get the result set */
  Select *pSel;     /* Copy of the SELECT that implements the view */
  int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
  int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth;       /* Saved xAuth pointer */


  assert( pTable );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
................................................................................
  ** Note that the call to sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() will expand any
  ** "*" elements in the results set of the view and will assign cursors
  ** to the elements of the FROM clause.  But we do not want these changes
  ** to be permanent.  So the computation is done on a copy of the SELECT
  ** statement that defines the view.
  */
  assert( pTable->pSelect );






  pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect, 0);
  if( pSel ){
    u8 enableLookaside = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
    n = pParse->nTab;
    sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
    pTable->nCol = -1;
    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
    xAuth = db->xAuth;
    db->xAuth = 0;
    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
    db->xAuth = xAuth;
#else
    pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
#endif
    db->lookaside.bEnabled = enableLookaside;
    pParse->nTab = n;
    if( pSelTab ){
      assert( pTable->aCol==0 );
      pTable->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
      pTable->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
      pSelTab->nCol = 0;
      pSelTab->aCol = 0;
      sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
      assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pTable->pSchema) );
      pTable->pSchema->schemaFlags |= DB_UnresetViews;
    }else{
      pTable->nCol = 0;
      nErr++;
    }
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
  } else {
    nErr++;
  }



#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
  return nErr;  
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
/*
................................................................................
static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
  HashElem *i;
  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, idx, 0) );
  if( !DbHasProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews) ) return;
  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[idx].pSchema->tblHash); i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(i);
    if( pTab->pSelect ){
      sqliteDeleteColumnNames(db, pTab);
      pTab->aCol = 0;
      pTab->nCol = 0;
    }
  }
  DbClearProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews);
}
#else
................................................................................
#endif

  /* If pList==0, it means this routine was called to make a primary
  ** key out of the last column added to the table under construction.
  ** So create a fake list to simulate this.
  */
  if( pList==0 ){



    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 0);

    if( pList==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
    pList->a[0].zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db,
                                        pTab->aCol[pTab->nCol-1].zName);
    pList->a[0].sortOrder = (u8)sortOrder;




  }

  /* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
  ** specified collation sequence names.
  */
  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
    if( pExpr ){
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
      nExtra += (1 + sqlite3Strlen30(pExpr->u.zToken));
    }
  }

  /* 
  ** Allocate the index structure. 
  */
................................................................................
  ** TODO:  Add a test to make sure that the same column is not named
  ** more than once within the same index.  Only the first instance of
  ** the column will ever be used by the optimizer.  Note that using the
  ** same column more than once cannot be an error because that would 
  ** break backwards compatibility - it needs to be a warning.
  */
  for(i=0, pListItem=pList->a; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pListItem++){
    const char *zColName = pListItem->zName;

    int requestedSortOrder;
    char *zColl;                   /* Collation sequence name */







    for(j=0, pTabCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pTabCol++){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zColName, pTabCol->zName)==0 ) break;
    }
    if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s has no column named %s",
        pTab->zName, zColName);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      goto exit_create_index;
    }
    assert( j<=0x7fff );
    pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
    if( pListItem->pExpr ){
      int nColl;
      assert( pListItem->pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
      zColl = pListItem->pExpr->u.zToken;
      nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;
      assert( nExtra>=nColl );
      memcpy(zExtra, zColl, nColl);
      zColl = zExtra;
      zExtra += nColl;
      nExtra -= nColl;
................................................................................
  int i;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  if( pList==0 ) return;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zIndexedBy);

    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pItem->pTab);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}
................................................................................
** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added 
** element of the source-list passed as the second argument.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
  assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
    assert( pItem->notIndexed==0 && pItem->zIndexedBy==0 );


    if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y 
      ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
      pItem->notIndexed = 1;
    }else{
      pItem->zIndexedBy = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);

    }
  }
}


















/*
** When building up a FROM clause in the parser, the join operator
** is initially attached to the left operand.  But the code generator
** expects the join operator to be on the right operand.  This routine
** Shifts all join operators from left to right for an entire FROM
** clause.
................................................................................
** in p->a[0] and p->a[1], respectively.  The parser initially stores the
** operator with A.  This routine shifts that operator over to B.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList *p){
  if( p ){
    int i;
    for(i=p->nSrc-1; i>0; i--){
      p->a[i].jointype = p->a[i-1].jointype;
    }
    p->a[0].jointype = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Begin a transaction
*/
void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse *pParse, int type){
................................................................................
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pQuery);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
    pNew = pWith;
  }else{
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].pSelect = pQuery;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].pCols = pArglist;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].zName = zName;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].zErr = 0;
    pNew->nCte++;
  }

  return pNew;
}

/*

  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    return 0;
  }

  p = sqlite3FindTable(pParse->db, zName, zDbase);
  if( p==0 ){
    const char *zMsg = isView ? "no such view" : "no such table";
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUAL_TABLE
    /* If zName is the not the name of a table in the schema created using
    ** CREATE, then check to see if it is the name of an virtual table that
    ** can be an eponymous virtual table. */
    Module *pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&pParse->db->aModule, zName);
    if( pMod && sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(pParse, pMod) ){
      return pMod->pEpoTab;
    }
#endif
    if( zDbase ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
    }else{
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
    }
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
  }
................................................................................
  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
}

/*
** Delete memory allocated for the column names of a table or view (the
** Table.aCol[] array).
*/
void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
  int i;
  Column *pCol;
  assert( pTable!=0 );
  if( (pCol = pTable->aCol)!=0 ){
    for(i=0; i<pTable->nCol; i++, pCol++){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pCol->zName);
      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
................................................................................
  }

  /* Delete any foreign keys attached to this table. */
  sqlite3FkDelete(db, pTable);

  /* Delete the Table structure itself.
  */
  sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(db, pTable);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zName);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zColAff);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTable->pSelect);

  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTable->pCheck);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3VtabClear(db, pTable);
#endif
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);

  /* Verify that no lookaside memory was used by schema tables */
  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==db->lookaside.nOut );
................................................................................
    iCol = pTab->nCol - 1;
    pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
    zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
    nTerm = 1;
  }else{
    nTerm = pList->nExpr;
    for(i=0; i<nTerm; i++){
      Expr *pCExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[i].pExpr);
      if( pCExpr && pCExpr->op==TK_ID ){
        const char *zCName = pCExpr->u.zToken;
        for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(zCName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)==0 ){
            pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
            zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if( nTerm==1
   && zType && sqlite3StrICmp(zType, "INTEGER")==0
   && sortOrder!=SQLITE_SO_DESC
  ){
    pTab->iPKey = iCol;
    pTab->keyConf = (u8)onError;
    assert( autoInc==0 || autoInc==1 );
    pTab->tabFlags |= autoInc*TF_Autoincrement;
    if( pList ) pParse->iPkSortOrder = pList->a[0].sortOrder;
  }else if( autoInc ){
................................................................................
  }

  /* Locate the PRIMARY KEY index.  Or, if this table was originally
  ** an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table, create a new PRIMARY KEY index. 
  */
  if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
    ExprList *pList;
    Token ipkToken;
    ipkToken.z = pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName;
    ipkToken.n = sqlite3Strlen30(ipkToken.z);
    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 
                  sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &ipkToken, 0));
    if( pList==0 ) return;


    pList->a[0].sortOrder = pParse->iPkSortOrder;
    assert( pParse->pNewTable==pTab );
    pPk = sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, pTab->keyConf, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    if( pPk==0 ) return;
    pPk->idxType = SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY;
    pTab->iPKey = -1;
  }else{
................................................................................
** The parser calls this routine in order to create a new VIEW
*/
void sqlite3CreateView(
  Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
  Token *pBegin,     /* The CREATE token that begins the statement */
  Token *pName1,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
  Token *pName2,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
  ExprList *pCNames, /* Optional list of view column names */
  Select *pSelect,   /* A SELECT statement that will become the new view */
  int isTemp,        /* TRUE for a TEMPORARY view */
  int noErr          /* Suppress error messages if VIEW already exists */
){
  Table *p;
  int n;
  const char *z;
................................................................................
  if( pParse->nVar>0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parameters are not allowed in views");
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
    return;
  }
  sqlite3StartTable(pParse, pName1, pName2, isTemp, 1, 0, noErr);
  p = pParse->pNewTable;
  if( p==0 || pParse->nErr ) goto create_view_fail;



  sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
  sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "view", pName);
  if( sqlite3FixSelect(&sFix, pSelect) ) goto create_view_fail;




  /* Make a copy of the entire SELECT statement that defines the view.
  ** This will force all the Expr.token.z values to be dynamically
  ** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
  ** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
  */
  p->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  p->pCheck = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pCNames, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto create_view_fail;



  /* Locate the end of the CREATE VIEW statement.  Make sEnd point to
  ** the end.
  */
  sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;
  assert( sEnd.z[0]!=0 );
  if( sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
    sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
  }
  sEnd.n = 0;
  n = (int)(sEnd.z - pBegin->z);
  assert( n>0 );
  z = pBegin->z;
  while( sqlite3Isspace(z[n-1]) ){ n--; }
  sEnd.z = &z[n-1];
  sEnd.n = 1;

  /* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the SQLITE_MASTER table */
  sqlite3EndTable(pParse, 0, &sEnd, 0, 0);

create_view_fail:
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCNames);
  return;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
/*
** The Table structure pTable is really a VIEW.  Fill in the names of
................................................................................
int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
  Table *pSelTab;   /* A fake table from which we get the result set */
  Select *pSel;     /* Copy of the SELECT that implements the view */
  int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
  int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth;       /* Saved xAuth pointer */
  u8 bEnabledLA;             /* Saved db->lookaside.bEnabled state */

  assert( pTable );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
................................................................................
  ** Note that the call to sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() will expand any
  ** "*" elements in the results set of the view and will assign cursors
  ** to the elements of the FROM clause.  But we do not want these changes
  ** to be permanent.  So the computation is done on a copy of the SELECT
  ** statement that defines the view.
  */
  assert( pTable->pSelect );
  bEnabledLA = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
  if( pTable->pCheck ){
    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
    sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pTable->pCheck, 
                               &pTable->nCol, &pTable->aCol);
  }else{
    pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect, 0);
    if( pSel ){

      n = pParse->nTab;
      sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
      pTable->nCol = -1;
      db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
      xAuth = db->xAuth;
      db->xAuth = 0;
      pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
      db->xAuth = xAuth;
#else
      pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
#endif

      pParse->nTab = n;
      if( pSelTab ){
        assert( pTable->aCol==0 );
        pTable->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
        pTable->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
        pSelTab->nCol = 0;
        pSelTab->aCol = 0;
        sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
        assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pTable->pSchema) );

      }else{
        pTable->nCol = 0;
        nErr++;
      }
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
    } else {
      nErr++;
    }
  }
  db->lookaside.bEnabled = bEnabledLA;
  pTable->pSchema->schemaFlags |= DB_UnresetViews;
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
  return nErr;  
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
/*
................................................................................
static void sqliteViewResetAll(sqlite3 *db, int idx){
  HashElem *i;
  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, idx, 0) );
  if( !DbHasProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews) ) return;
  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aDb[idx].pSchema->tblHash); i;i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
    Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(i);
    if( pTab->pSelect ){
      sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(db, pTab);
      pTab->aCol = 0;
      pTab->nCol = 0;
    }
  }
  DbClearProperty(db, idx, DB_UnresetViews);
}
#else
................................................................................
#endif

  /* If pList==0, it means this routine was called to make a primary
  ** key out of the last column added to the table under construction.
  ** So create a fake list to simulate this.
  */
  if( pList==0 ){
    Token prevCol;
    prevCol.z = pTab->aCol[pTab->nCol-1].zName;
    prevCol.n = sqlite3Strlen30(prevCol.z);
    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0,
              sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &prevCol, 0));
    if( pList==0 ) goto exit_create_index;



    assert( pList->nExpr==1 );
    sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(pList, sortOrder);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, pList, "index");
  }

  /* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
  ** specified collation sequence names.
  */
  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;

    if( pExpr && pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      nExtra += (1 + sqlite3Strlen30(pExpr->u.zToken));
    }
  }

  /* 
  ** Allocate the index structure. 
  */
................................................................................
  ** TODO:  Add a test to make sure that the same column is not named
  ** more than once within the same index.  Only the first instance of
  ** the column will ever be used by the optimizer.  Note that using the
  ** same column more than once cannot be an error because that would 
  ** break backwards compatibility - it needs to be a warning.
  */
  for(i=0, pListItem=pList->a; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pListItem++){
    const char *zColName;
    Expr *pCExpr;
    int requestedSortOrder;
    char *zColl;                   /* Collation sequence name */

    pCExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pListItem->pExpr);
    if( pCExpr->op!=TK_ID ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "indexes on expressions not yet supported");
      continue;
    }
    zColName = pCExpr->u.zToken;
    for(j=0, pTabCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pTabCol++){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zColName, pTabCol->zName)==0 ) break;
    }
    if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s has no column named %s",
        pTab->zName, zColName);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      goto exit_create_index;
    }
    assert( j<=0x7fff );
    pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
    if( pListItem->pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      int nColl;

      zColl = pListItem->pExpr->u.zToken;
      nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;
      assert( nExtra>=nColl );
      memcpy(zExtra, zColl, nColl);
      zColl = zExtra;
      zExtra += nColl;
      nExtra -= nColl;
................................................................................
  int i;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  if( pList==0 ) return;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<pList->nSrc; i++, pItem++){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zDatabase);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zAlias);
    if( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy ) sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->u1.zIndexedBy);
    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ) sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pItem->u1.pFuncArg);
    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pItem->pTab);
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pItem->pSelect);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pOn);
    sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pItem->pUsing);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}
................................................................................
** Add an INDEXED BY or NOT INDEXED clause to the most recently added 
** element of the source-list passed as the second argument.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
  assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
    assert( pItem->fg.notIndexed==0 );
    assert( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy==0 );
    assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
    if( pIndexedBy->n==1 && !pIndexedBy->z ){
      /* A "NOT INDEXED" clause was supplied. See parse.y 
      ** construct "indexed_opt" for details. */
      pItem->fg.notIndexed = 1;
    }else{
      pItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
      pItem->fg.isIndexedBy = (pItem->u1.zIndexedBy!=0);
    }
  }
}

/*
** Add the list of function arguments to the SrcList entry for a
** table-valued-function.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, ExprList *pList){
  if( p && pList ){
    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
    assert( pItem->fg.notIndexed==0 );
    assert( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy==0 );
    assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
    pItem->u1.pFuncArg = pList;
    pItem->fg.isTabFunc = 1;
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
  }
}

/*
** When building up a FROM clause in the parser, the join operator
** is initially attached to the left operand.  But the code generator
** expects the join operator to be on the right operand.  This routine
** Shifts all join operators from left to right for an entire FROM
** clause.
................................................................................
** in p->a[0] and p->a[1], respectively.  The parser initially stores the
** operator with A.  This routine shifts that operator over to B.
*/
void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList *p){
  if( p ){
    int i;
    for(i=p->nSrc-1; i>0; i--){
      p->a[i].fg.jointype = p->a[i-1].fg.jointype;
    }
    p->a[0].fg.jointype = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Begin a transaction
*/
void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse *pParse, int type){
................................................................................
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pQuery);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
    pNew = pWith;
  }else{
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].pSelect = pQuery;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].pCols = pArglist;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].zName = zName;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].zCteErr = 0;
    pNew->nCte++;
  }

  return pNew;
}

/*

      if( addrEphOpen ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrEphOpen);
      addrDelete = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto); /* Jump to DELETE logic */
    }else if( pPk ){
      /* Construct a composite key for the row to be deleted and remember it */
      iKey = ++pParse->nMem;
      nKey = 0;   /* Zero tells OP_Found to use a composite key */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, iKey,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pPk), nPk);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEphCur, iKey);
    }else{
      /* Get the rowid of the row to be deleted and remember it in the RowSet */
      nKey = 1;  /* OP_Seek always uses a single rowid */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, iKey);
    }
  

      if( addrEphOpen ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrEphOpen);
      addrDelete = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto); /* Jump to DELETE logic */
    }else if( pPk ){
      /* Construct a composite key for the row to be deleted and remember it */
      iKey = ++pParse->nMem;
      nKey = 0;   /* Zero tells OP_Found to use a composite key */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, iKey,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db, pPk), nPk);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEphCur, iKey);
    }else{
      /* Get the rowid of the row to be deleted and remember it in the RowSet */
      nKey = 1;  /* OP_Seek always uses a single rowid */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, iKey);
    }
  

**
** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
** for this node and for the pToken argument is a single allocation
** obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc().  The calling function
** is responsible for making sure the node eventually gets freed.
**
** If dequote is true, then the token (if it exists) is dequoted.
** If dequote is false, no dequoting is performance.  The deQuote
** parameter is ignored if pToken is NULL or if the token does not
** appear to be quoted.  If the quotes were of the form "..." (double-quotes)
** then the EP_DblQuoted flag is set on the expression node.
**
** Special case:  If op==TK_INTEGER and pToken points to a string that
** can be translated into a 32-bit integer, then the token is not
** stored in u.zToken.  Instead, the integer values is written
................................................................................
    struct SrcList_item *pNewItem = &pNew->a[i];
    struct SrcList_item *pOldItem = &p->a[i];
    Table *pTab;
    pNewItem->pSchema = pOldItem->pSchema;
    pNewItem->zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zDatabase);
    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pNewItem->zAlias = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zAlias);
    pNewItem->jointype = pOldItem->jointype;
    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
    pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
    pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
    pNewItem->isCorrelated = pOldItem->isCorrelated;
    pNewItem->viaCoroutine = pOldItem->viaCoroutine;
    pNewItem->isRecursive = pOldItem->isRecursive;
    pNewItem->zIndexedBy = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zIndexedBy);


    pNewItem->notIndexed = pOldItem->notIndexed;
    pNewItem->pIndex = pOldItem->pIndex;


    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->nRef++;
    }
    pNewItem->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pOldItem->pSelect, flags);
    pNewItem->pOn = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldItem->pOn, flags);
    pNewItem->pUsing = sqlite3IdListDup(db, pOldItem->pUsing);
................................................................................

no_mem:     
  /* Avoid leaking memory if malloc has failed. */
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  return 0;
}















/*
** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
** on the expression list.
**
** pList might be NULL following an OOM error.  But pName should never be
** NULL.  If a memory allocation fails, the pParse->db->mallocFailed flag
................................................................................
            testcase( pDef->funcFlags & OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 = 
                  pDef->funcFlags & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
          }
        }

        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);     /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pFarg, r1,
                                SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);      /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
      }else{
        r1 = 0;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is
................................................................................
** The SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR argument allows constant arguments to be
** factored out into initialization code.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,   /* The expression list to be coded */
  int target,        /* Where to write results */

  u8 flags           /* SQLITE_ECEL_* flags */
){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  int i, n;
  u8 copyOp = (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_DUP) ? OP_Copy : OP_SCopy;

  assert( pList!=0 );
  assert( target>0 );
  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );  /* Never gets this far otherwise */
  n = pList->nExpr;
  if( !ConstFactorOk(pParse) ) flags &= ~SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<n; i++, pItem++){
    Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;


    if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR)!=0 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
      sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, target+i, 0);
    }else{
      int inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
      if( inReg!=target+i ){
        VdbeOp *pOp;
        Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
        if( copyOp==OP_Copy
         && (pOp=sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1))->opcode==OP_Copy
         && pOp->p1+pOp->p3+1==inReg
         && pOp->p2+pOp->p3+1==target+i
        ){
          pOp->p3++;
        }else{

**
** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
** for this node and for the pToken argument is a single allocation
** obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc().  The calling function
** is responsible for making sure the node eventually gets freed.
**
** If dequote is true, then the token (if it exists) is dequoted.
** If dequote is false, no dequoting is performed.  The deQuote
** parameter is ignored if pToken is NULL or if the token does not
** appear to be quoted.  If the quotes were of the form "..." (double-quotes)
** then the EP_DblQuoted flag is set on the expression node.
**
** Special case:  If op==TK_INTEGER and pToken points to a string that
** can be translated into a 32-bit integer, then the token is not
** stored in u.zToken.  Instead, the integer values is written
................................................................................
    struct SrcList_item *pNewItem = &pNew->a[i];
    struct SrcList_item *pOldItem = &p->a[i];
    Table *pTab;
    pNewItem->pSchema = pOldItem->pSchema;
    pNewItem->zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zDatabase);
    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pNewItem->zAlias = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zAlias);
    pNewItem->fg = pOldItem->fg;
    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
    pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
    pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
    if( pNewItem->fg.isIndexedBy ){


      pNewItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->u1.zIndexedBy);
    }
    pNewItem->pIBIndex = pOldItem->pIBIndex;
    if( pNewItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
      pNewItem->u1.pFuncArg = 
          sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pOldItem->u1.pFuncArg, flags);
    }
    pTab = pNewItem->pTab = pOldItem->pTab;
    if( pTab ){
      pTab->nRef++;
    }
    pNewItem->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pOldItem->pSelect, flags);
    pNewItem->pOn = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOldItem->pOn, flags);
    pNewItem->pUsing = sqlite3IdListDup(db, pOldItem->pUsing);
................................................................................

no_mem:     
  /* Avoid leaking memory if malloc has failed. */
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  return 0;
}

/*
** Set the sort order for the last element on the given ExprList.
*/
void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList *p, int iSortOrder){
  if( p==0 ) return;
  assert( SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED<0 && SQLITE_SO_ASC>=0 && SQLITE_SO_DESC>0 );
  assert( p->nExpr>0 );
  if( iSortOrder<0 ){
    assert( p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC );
    return;
  }
  p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)iSortOrder;
}

/*
** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
** on the expression list.
**
** pList might be NULL following an OOM error.  But pName should never be
** NULL.  If a memory allocation fails, the pParse->db->mallocFailed flag
................................................................................
            testcase( pDef->funcFlags & OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 = 
                  pDef->funcFlags & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
          }
        }

        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);     /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pFarg, r1, 0,
                                SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);      /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
      }else{
        r1 = 0;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is
................................................................................
** The SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR argument allows constant arguments to be
** factored out into initialization code.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,   /* The expression list to be coded */
  int target,        /* Where to write results */
  int srcReg,        /* Source registers if SQLITE_ECEL_REF */
  u8 flags           /* SQLITE_ECEL_* flags */
){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  int i, j, n;
  u8 copyOp = (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_DUP) ? OP_Copy : OP_SCopy;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( pList!=0 );
  assert( target>0 );
  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );  /* Never gets this far otherwise */
  n = pList->nExpr;
  if( !ConstFactorOk(pParse) ) flags &= ~SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<n; i++, pItem++){
    Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;
    if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_REF)!=0 && (j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol)>0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, copyOp, j+srcReg-1, target+i);
    }else if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR)!=0 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
      sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, target+i, 0);
    }else{
      int inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
      if( inReg!=target+i ){
        VdbeOp *pOp;

        if( copyOp==OP_Copy
         && (pOp=sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1))->opcode==OP_Copy
         && pOp->p1+pOp->p3+1==inReg
         && pOp->p2+pOp->p3+1==target+i
        ){
          pOp->p3++;
        }else{

          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iChild, iJump, iParent); VdbeCoverage(v);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
      }
  
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v,pIdx), nCol);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
  
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
    }
  }

          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iChild, iJump, iParent); VdbeCoverage(v);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
      }
  
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db,pIdx), nCol);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
  
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
    }
  }

** An extra 'D' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
**
** Memory for the buffer containing the column index affinity string
** is managed along with the rest of the Index structure. It will be
** released when sqlite3DeleteIndex() is called.
*/
const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *v, Index *pIdx){
  if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
    /* The first time a column affinity string for a particular index is
    ** required, it is allocated and populated here. It is then stored as
    ** a member of the Index structure for subsequent use.
    **
    ** The column affinity string will eventually be deleted by
    ** sqliteDeleteIndex() when the Index structure itself is cleaned
    ** up.
    */
    int n;
    Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;
    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
    pIdx->zColAff = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, pIdx->nColumn+1);
    if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
      db->mallocFailed = 1;
      return 0;
    }
    for(n=0; n<pIdx->nColumn; n++){
      i16 x = pIdx->aiColumn[n];
................................................................................
    ** single-row VALUES clause
    */
    NameContext sNC;
    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    srcTab = -1;
    assert( useTempTable==0 );
    nColumn = pList ? pList->nExpr : 0;
    for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
      if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pList->a[i].pExpr) ){
        goto insert_cleanup;
      }


    }
  }

  /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
  ** key, the set the ipkColumn variable to the integer primary key 
  ** column index in the original table definition.
  */

** An extra 'D' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
**
** Memory for the buffer containing the column index affinity string
** is managed along with the rest of the Index structure. It will be
** released when sqlite3DeleteIndex() is called.
*/
const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
  if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
    /* The first time a column affinity string for a particular index is
    ** required, it is allocated and populated here. It is then stored as
    ** a member of the Index structure for subsequent use.
    **
    ** The column affinity string will eventually be deleted by
    ** sqliteDeleteIndex() when the Index structure itself is cleaned
    ** up.
    */
    int n;
    Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;

    pIdx->zColAff = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, pIdx->nColumn+1);
    if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
      db->mallocFailed = 1;
      return 0;
    }
    for(n=0; n<pIdx->nColumn; n++){
      i16 x = pIdx->aiColumn[n];
................................................................................
    ** single-row VALUES clause
    */
    NameContext sNC;
    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    srcTab = -1;
    assert( useTempTable==0 );
    if( pList ){
      nColumn = pList->nExpr;
      if( sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pList) ){
        goto insert_cleanup;
      }
    }else{
      nColumn = 0;
    }
  }

  /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
  ** key, the set the ipkColumn variable to the integer primary key 
  ** column index in the original table definition.
  */

/*
** Disconnect all sqlite3_vtab objects that belong to database connection
** db. This is called when db is being closed.
*/
static void disconnectAllVtab(sqlite3 *db){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  int i;

  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[i].pSchema;
    if( db->aDb[i].pSchema ){
      HashElem *p;
      for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
        Table *pTab = (Table *)sqliteHashData(p);
        if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) sqlite3VtabDisconnect(db, pTab);
      }
    }






  }
  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
#endif
}
................................................................................
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aCollSeq);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
    Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(i);
    if( pMod->xDestroy ){
      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
    }

    sqlite3DbFree(db, pMod);
  }
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
#endif

  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
  sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);

/*
** Disconnect all sqlite3_vtab objects that belong to database connection
** db. This is called when db is being closed.
*/
static void disconnectAllVtab(sqlite3 *db){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  int i;
  HashElem *p;
  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
    Schema *pSchema = db->aDb[i].pSchema;
    if( db->aDb[i].pSchema ){

      for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&pSchema->tblHash); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
        Table *pTab = (Table *)sqliteHashData(p);
        if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) sqlite3VtabDisconnect(db, pTab);
      }
    }
  }
  for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
    Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(p);
    if( pMod->pEpoTab ){
      sqlite3VtabDisconnect(db, pMod->pEpoTab);
    }
  }
  sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
#else
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(db);
#endif
}
................................................................................
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aCollSeq);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  for(i=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); i; i=sqliteHashNext(i)){
    Module *pMod = (Module *)sqliteHashData(i);
    if( pMod->xDestroy ){
      pMod->xDestroy(pMod->pAux);
    }
    sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(db, pMod);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pMod);
  }
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
#endif

  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
  sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);

//
ccons ::= NULL onconf.
ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).    {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder(Z) onconf(R) autoinc(I).
                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R,I,Z);}
ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).      {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0,0,0);}
ccons ::= CHECK LP expr(X) RP.   {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,X.pExpr);}
ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
                                 {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).    {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
ccons ::= COLLATE ids(C).        {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &C);}

// The optional AUTOINCREMENT keyword
%type autoinc {int}
autoinc(X) ::= .          {X = 0;}
................................................................................
conslist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
conslist_opt(A) ::= COMMA(X) conslist.        {A = X;}
conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons.
conslist ::= tcons.
tconscomma ::= COMMA.            {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
tconscomma ::= .
tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm(X).      {pParse->constraintName = X;}
tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP idxlist(X) autoinc(I) RP onconf(R).
                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,X,R,I,0);}
tcons ::= UNIQUE LP idxlist(X) RP onconf(R).
                                 {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,X,R,0,0,0,0);}
tcons ::= CHECK LP expr(E) RP onconf.
                                 {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,E.pExpr);}
tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP idxlist(FA) RP
          REFERENCES nm(T) idxlist_opt(TA) refargs(R) defer_subclause_opt(D). {
    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, FA, &T, TA, R);
    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, D);
}
%type defer_subclause_opt {int}
defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= defer_subclause(X).  {A = X;}

................................................................................
%type ifexists {int}
ifexists(A) ::= IF EXISTS.   {A = 1;}
ifexists(A) ::= .            {A = 0;}

///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
//
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
cmd ::= createkw(X) temp(T) VIEW ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z) AS select(S). {

  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, S, T, E);
}
cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 1, E);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW

//////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////
................................................................................
}

// "seltablist" is a "Select Table List" - the content of the FROM clause
// in a SELECT statement.  "stl_prefix" is a prefix of this list.
//
stl_prefix(A) ::= seltablist(X) joinop(Y).    {
   A = X;
   if( ALWAYS(A && A->nSrc>0) ) A->a[A->nSrc-1].jointype = (u8)Y;
}
stl_prefix(A) ::= .                           {A = 0;}
seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) nm(Y) dbnm(D) as(Z) indexed_opt(I)
                  on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
  A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,&Y,&D,&Z,0,N,U);
  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, A, &I);





}
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP select(S) RP
                    as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
    A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,0,0,&Z,S,N,U);
  }
  seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP seltablist(F) RP
................................................................................
%destructor using_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
using_opt(U) ::= USING LP idlist(L) RP.  {U = L;}
using_opt(U) ::= .                        {U = 0;}


%type orderby_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor orderby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}





%type sortlist {ExprList*}
%destructor sortlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

orderby_opt(A) ::= .                          {A = 0;}
orderby_opt(A) ::= ORDER BY sortlist(X).      {A = X;}
sortlist(A) ::= sortlist(X) COMMA expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X,Y.pExpr);
  if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
}
sortlist(A) ::= expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);
  if( A && ALWAYS(A->a) ) A->a[0].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
}

%type sortorder {int}

sortorder(A) ::= ASC.           {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
sortorder(A) ::= DESC.          {A = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
sortorder(A) ::= .              {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}

%type groupby_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor groupby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
groupby_opt(A) ::= .                      {A = 0;}
groupby_opt(A) ::= GROUP BY nexprlist(X). {A = X;}

%type having_opt {Expr*}
................................................................................
setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
}

////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S). {
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, S, F, R);
}
cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) inscollist_opt(F) DEFAULT VALUES.
{
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, F, R);
}

%type insert_cmd {u8}
insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}

%type inscollist_opt {IdList*}
%destructor inscollist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type idlist {IdList*}
%destructor idlist {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

inscollist_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
inscollist_opt(A) ::= LP idlist(X) RP.    {A = X;}
idlist(A) ::= idlist(X) COMMA nm(Y).
    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,X,&Y);}
idlist(A) ::= nm(Y).
    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y);}

/////////////////////////// Expression Processing /////////////////////////////
//
................................................................................
nexprlist(A) ::= expr(Y).
    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);}


///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
//
cmd ::= createkw(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX ifnotexists(NE) nm(X) dbnm(D)
        ON nm(Y) LP idxlist(Z) RP where_opt(W). {
  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, 
                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y,0), Z, U,
                      &S, W, SQLITE_SO_ASC, NE);
}

%type uniqueflag {int}
uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  {A = OE_Abort;}
uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}

















%type idxlist {ExprList*}
%destructor idxlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type idxlist_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor idxlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}


























idxlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
idxlist_opt(A) ::= LP idxlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
idxlist(A) ::= idxlist(X) COMMA nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z).  {
  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, 0, &C, 1);
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X, p);
  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse,A,&Y,1);
  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, A, "index");
  if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;

}
idxlist(A) ::= nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, 0, &C, 1);
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p);
  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &Y, 1);
  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, A, "index");
  if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;

}

%type collate {Token}
collate(C) ::= .                 {C.z = 0; C.n = 0;}
collate(C) ::= COLLATE ids(X).   {C = X;}


///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists(E) fullname(X).   {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, X, E);}

///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////
................................................................................
%destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
// UPDATE 
trigger_cmd(A) ::=
   UPDATE orconf(R) trnm(X) tridxby SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).  
   { A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, Z, R); }

// INSERT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO trnm(X) inscollist_opt(F) select(S).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &X, F, S, R);}

// DELETE
trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM trnm(X) tridxby where_opt(Y).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &X, Y);}

// SELECT
................................................................................
%destructor wqlist {sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

with(A) ::= . {A = 0;}
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
with(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { A = W; }
with(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { A = W; }

wqlist(A) ::= nm(X) idxlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &X, Y, Z);
}
wqlist(A) ::= wqlist(W) COMMA nm(X) idxlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, W, &X, Y, Z);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CTE

//
ccons ::= NULL onconf.
ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).    {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder(Z) onconf(R) autoinc(I).
                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R,I,Z);}
ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).      {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0,0,0);}
ccons ::= CHECK LP expr(X) RP.   {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,X.pExpr);}
ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) eidlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
                                 {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).    {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
ccons ::= COLLATE ids(C).        {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &C);}

// The optional AUTOINCREMENT keyword
%type autoinc {int}
autoinc(X) ::= .          {X = 0;}
................................................................................
conslist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
conslist_opt(A) ::= COMMA(X) conslist.        {A = X;}
conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons.
conslist ::= tcons.
tconscomma ::= COMMA.            {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
tconscomma ::= .
tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm(X).      {pParse->constraintName = X;}
tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist(X) autoinc(I) RP onconf(R).
                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,X,R,I,0);}
tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist(X) RP onconf(R).
                                 {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,X,R,0,0,0,0);}
tcons ::= CHECK LP expr(E) RP onconf.
                                 {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,E.pExpr);}
tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist(FA) RP
          REFERENCES nm(T) eidlist_opt(TA) refargs(R) defer_subclause_opt(D). {
    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, FA, &T, TA, R);
    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, D);
}
%type defer_subclause_opt {int}
defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= defer_subclause(X).  {A = X;}

................................................................................
%type ifexists {int}
ifexists(A) ::= IF EXISTS.   {A = 1;}
ifexists(A) ::= .            {A = 0;}

///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
//
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
cmd ::= createkw(X) temp(T) VIEW ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z) eidlist_opt(C)
          AS select(S). {
  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, C, S, T, E);
}
cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 1, E);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW

//////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////
................................................................................
}

// "seltablist" is a "Select Table List" - the content of the FROM clause
// in a SELECT statement.  "stl_prefix" is a prefix of this list.
//
stl_prefix(A) ::= seltablist(X) joinop(Y).    {
   A = X;
   if( ALWAYS(A && A->nSrc>0) ) A->a[A->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)Y;
}
stl_prefix(A) ::= .                           {A = 0;}
seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) nm(Y) dbnm(D) as(Z) indexed_opt(I)
                  on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
  A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,&Y,&D,&Z,0,N,U);
  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, A, &I);
}
seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) nm(Y) dbnm(D) LP exprlist(E) RP as(Z)
                  on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
  A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,&Y,&D,&Z,0,N,U);
  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, A, E);
}
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP select(S) RP
                    as(Z) on_opt(N) using_opt(U). {
    A = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,X,0,0,&Z,S,N,U);
  }
  seltablist(A) ::= stl_prefix(X) LP seltablist(F) RP
................................................................................
%destructor using_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
using_opt(U) ::= USING LP idlist(L) RP.  {U = L;}
using_opt(U) ::= .                        {U = 0;}


%type orderby_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor orderby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

// the sortlist non-terminal stores a list of expression where each
// expression is optionally followed by ASC or DESC to indicate the
// sort order.
//
%type sortlist {ExprList*}
%destructor sortlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

orderby_opt(A) ::= .                          {A = 0;}
orderby_opt(A) ::= ORDER BY sortlist(X).      {A = X;}
sortlist(A) ::= sortlist(X) COMMA expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X,Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(A,Z);
}
sortlist(A) ::= expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(A,Z);
}

%type sortorder {int}

sortorder(A) ::= ASC.           {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
sortorder(A) ::= DESC.          {A = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
sortorder(A) ::= .              {A = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}

%type groupby_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor groupby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
groupby_opt(A) ::= .                      {A = 0;}
groupby_opt(A) ::= GROUP BY nexprlist(X). {A = X;}

%type having_opt {Expr*}
................................................................................
setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
}

////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S). {
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, S, F, R);
}
cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) idlist_opt(F) DEFAULT VALUES.
{
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, F, R);
}

%type insert_cmd {u8}
insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}

%type idlist_opt {IdList*}
%destructor idlist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type idlist {IdList*}
%destructor idlist {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

idlist_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
idlist_opt(A) ::= LP idlist(X) RP.    {A = X;}
idlist(A) ::= idlist(X) COMMA nm(Y).
    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,X,&Y);}
idlist(A) ::= nm(Y).
    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y);}

/////////////////////////// Expression Processing /////////////////////////////
//
................................................................................
nexprlist(A) ::= expr(Y).
    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);}


///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
//
cmd ::= createkw(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX ifnotexists(NE) nm(X) dbnm(D)
        ON nm(Y) LP sortlist(Z) RP where_opt(W). {
  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, 
                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y,0), Z, U,
                      &S, W, SQLITE_SO_ASC, NE);
}

%type uniqueflag {int}
uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  {A = OE_Abort;}
uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}


// The eidlist non-terminal (Expression Id List) generates an ExprList
// from a list of identifiers.  The identifier names are in ExprList.a[].zName.
// This list is stored in an ExprList rather than an IdList so that it
// can be easily sent to sqlite3ColumnsExprList().
//
// eidlist is grouped with CREATE INDEX because it used to be the non-terminal
// used for the arguments to an index.  That is just an historical accident.
//
// IMPORTANT COMPATIBILITY NOTE:  Some prior versions of SQLite accepted
// COLLATE clauses and ASC or DESC keywords on ID lists in inappropriate
// places - places that might have been stored in the sqlite_master schema.
// Those extra features were ignored.  But because they might be in some
// (busted) old databases, we need to continue parsing them when loading
// historical schemas.
//
%type eidlist {ExprList*}
%destructor eidlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type eidlist_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor eidlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

%include {
  /* Add a single new term to an ExprList that is used to store a
  ** list of identifiers.  Report an error if the ID list contains
  ** a COLLATE clause or an ASC or DESC keyword, except ignore the
  ** error while parsing a legacy schema.
  */
  static ExprList *parserAddExprIdListTerm(
    Parse *pParse,
    ExprList *pPrior,
    Token *pIdToken,
    int hasCollate,
    int sortOrder
  ){
    ExprList *p = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pPrior, 0);
    if( (hasCollate || sortOrder!=SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED)
        && pParse->db->init.busy==0
    ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "syntax error after column name \"%.*s\"",
                         pIdToken->n, pIdToken->z);
    }
    sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, p, pIdToken, 1);
    return p;
  }
} // end %include

eidlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
eidlist_opt(A) ::= LP eidlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
eidlist(A) ::= eidlist(X) COMMA nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z).  {





  A = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, X, &Y, C, Z);
}
eidlist(A) ::= nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {





  A = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &Y, C, Z);
}

%type collate {int}
collate(C) ::= .              {C = 0;}
collate(C) ::= COLLATE ids.   {C = 1;}


///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists(E) fullname(X).   {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, X, E);}

///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////
................................................................................
%destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
// UPDATE 
trigger_cmd(A) ::=
   UPDATE orconf(R) trnm(X) tridxby SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).  
   { A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, Z, R); }

// INSERT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO trnm(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &X, F, S, R);}

// DELETE
trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM trnm(X) tridxby where_opt(Y).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &X, Y);}

// SELECT
................................................................................
%destructor wqlist {sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

with(A) ::= . {A = 0;}
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
with(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { A = W; }
with(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { A = W; }

wqlist(A) ::= nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &X, Y, Z);
}
wqlist(A) ::= wqlist(W) COMMA nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, W, &X, Y, Z);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CTE

**         SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE.
**    (3)  PCache-local bulk allocation.
**
** The third case is a chunk of heap memory (defaulting to 100 pages worth)
** that is allocated when the page cache is created.  The size of the local
** bulk allocation can be adjusted using 
**
**     sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE, 0, 0, N).
**
** If N is positive, then N pages worth of memory are allocated using a single
** sqlite3Malloc() call and that memory is used for the first N pages allocated.
** Or if N is negative, then -1024*N bytes of memory are allocated and used
** for as many pages as can be accomodated.
**
** Only one of (2) or (3) can be used.  Once the memory available to (2) or

**         SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE.
**    (3)  PCache-local bulk allocation.
**
** The third case is a chunk of heap memory (defaulting to 100 pages worth)
** that is allocated when the page cache is created.  The size of the local
** bulk allocation can be adjusted using 
**
**     sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, 0, 0, N).
**
** If N is positive, then N pages worth of memory are allocated using a single
** sqlite3Malloc() call and that memory is used for the first N pages allocated.
** Or if N is negative, then -1024*N bytes of memory are allocated and used
** for as many pages as can be accomodated.
**
** Only one of (2) or (3) can be used.  Once the memory available to (2) or

          for(j=0; j<pFK->nCol; j++){
            sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, 0,
                            aiCols ? aiCols[j] : pFK->aCol[j].iFrom, regRow+j);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regRow+j, addrOk); VdbeCoverage(v);
          }
          if( pParent ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, pFK->nCol, regKey,
                              sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v,pIdx), pFK->nCol);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, i, addrOk, regKey, 0);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
          }
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, regResult+1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regResult+2, 0, 
                          pFK->zTo, P4_TRANSIENT);

          for(j=0; j<pFK->nCol; j++){
            sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, 0,
                            aiCols ? aiCols[j] : pFK->aCol[j].iFrom, regRow+j);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regRow+j, addrOk); VdbeCoverage(v);
          }
          if( pParent ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, pFK->nCol, regKey,
                              sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db,pIdx), pFK->nCol);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, i, addrOk, regKey, 0);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
          }
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, regResult+1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regResult+2, 0, 
                          pFK->zTo, P4_TRANSIENT);

        for(j=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pCol++){
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
            /* If there has been exactly one prior match and this match
            ** is for the right-hand table of a NATURAL JOIN or is in a 
            ** USING clause, then skip this match.
            */
            if( cnt==1 ){
              if( pItem->jointype & JT_NATURAL ) continue;
              if( nameInUsingClause(pItem->pUsing, zCol) ) continue;
            }
            cnt++;
            pMatch = pItem;
            /* Substitute the rowid (column -1) for the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
            pExpr->iColumn = j==pTab->iPKey ? -1 : (i16)j;
            break;
................................................................................
          }
        }
      }
      if( pMatch ){
        pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
        pExpr->pTab = pMatch->pTab;
        /* RIGHT JOIN not (yet) supported */
        assert( (pMatch->jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 );
        if( (pMatch->jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->pTab->pSchema;
      }
    } /* if( pSrcList ) */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
................................................................................
    **
    ** In cases like this, replace pExpr with a copy of the expression that
    ** forms the result set entry ("a+b" in the example) and return immediately.
    ** Note that the expression in the result set should have already been
    ** resolved by the time the WHERE clause is resolved.
    **
    ** The ability to use an output result-set column in the WHERE, GROUP BY,
    ** or HAVING clauses, or as part of a larger expression in the ORDRE BY
    ** clause is not standard SQL.  This is a (goofy) SQLite extension, that
    ** is supported for backwards compatibility only.  TO DO: Issue a warning
    ** on sqlite3_log() whenever the capability is used.
    */
    if( (pEList = pNC->pEList)!=0
     && zTab==0
     && cnt==0
    ){
      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
................................................................................
*/
static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
  NameContext *pOuterNC;  /* Context that contains this SELECT */
  NameContext sNC;        /* Name context of this SELECT */
  int isCompound;         /* True if p is a compound select */
  int nCompound;          /* Number of compound terms processed so far */
  Parse *pParse;          /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pEList;       /* Result set expression list */
  int i;                  /* Loop counter */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The GROUP BY clause */
  Select *pLeftmost;      /* Left-most of SELECT of a compound */
  sqlite3 *db;            /* Database connection */
  

  assert( p!=0 );
................................................................................
        int nRef = 0;             /* Refcount for pOuterNC and outer contexts */
        const char *zSavedContext = pParse->zAuthContext;

        /* Count the total number of references to pOuterNC and all of its
        ** parent contexts. After resolving references to expressions in
        ** pItem->pSelect, check if this value has changed. If so, then
        ** SELECT statement pItem->pSelect must be correlated. Set the
        ** pItem->isCorrelated flag if this is the case. */
        for(pNC=pOuterNC; pNC; pNC=pNC->pNext) nRef += pNC->nRef;

        if( pItem->zName ) pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
        sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, pItem->pSelect, pOuterNC);
        pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedContext;
        if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return WRC_Abort;

        for(pNC=pOuterNC; pNC; pNC=pNC->pNext) nRef -= pNC->nRef;
        assert( pItem->isCorrelated==0 && nRef<=0 );
        pItem->isCorrelated = (nRef!=0);
      }
    }
  
    /* Set up the local name-context to pass to sqlite3ResolveExprNames() to
    ** resolve the result-set expression list.
    */
    sNC.ncFlags = NC_AllowAgg;
    sNC.pSrcList = p->pSrc;
    sNC.pNext = pOuterNC;
  
    /* Resolve names in the result set. */
    pEList = p->pEList;
    assert( pEList!=0 );
    for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
      Expr *pX = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
      if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pX) ){
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
    }
  
    /* If there are no aggregate functions in the result-set, and no GROUP BY 
    ** expression, do not allow aggregates in any of the other expressions.
    */
    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 );
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
    if( pGroupBy || (sNC.ncFlags & NC_HasAgg)!=0 ){
................................................................................
    **
    ** Minor point: If this is the case, then the expression will be
    ** re-evaluated for each reference to it.
    */
    sNC.pEList = p->pEList;
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pWhere) ) return WRC_Abort;











    /* The ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses may not refer to terms in
    ** outer queries 
    */
    sNC.pNext = 0;
    sNC.ncFlags |= NC_AllowAgg;

................................................................................
  if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg ){
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);
  }
  pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
  return ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
}


















/*
** Resolve all names in all expressions of a SELECT and in all
** decendents of the SELECT, including compounds off of p->pPrior,
** subqueries in expressions, and subqueries used as FROM clause
** terms.
**
................................................................................
  Table *pTab,        /* The table being referenced */
  int type,           /* NC_IsCheck or NC_PartIdx */
  Expr *pExpr,        /* Expression to resolve.  May be NULL. */
  ExprList *pList     /* Expression list to resolve.  May be NUL. */
){
  SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
  NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */
  int i;                          /* Loop counter */

  assert( type==NC_IsCheck || type==NC_PartIdx );
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
  sSrc.nSrc = 1;
  sSrc.a[0].zName = pTab->zName;
  sSrc.a[0].pTab = pTab;
  sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
  sNC.ncFlags = type;
  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pExpr) ) return;
  if( pList ){
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pList->a[i].pExpr) ){
        return;
      }
    }
  }
}

        for(j=0, pCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pCol++){
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pCol->zName, zCol)==0 ){
            /* If there has been exactly one prior match and this match
            ** is for the right-hand table of a NATURAL JOIN or is in a 
            ** USING clause, then skip this match.
            */
            if( cnt==1 ){
              if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_NATURAL ) continue;
              if( nameInUsingClause(pItem->pUsing, zCol) ) continue;
            }
            cnt++;
            pMatch = pItem;
            /* Substitute the rowid (column -1) for the INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
            pExpr->iColumn = j==pTab->iPKey ? -1 : (i16)j;
            break;
................................................................................
          }
        }
      }
      if( pMatch ){
        pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
        pExpr->pTab = pMatch->pTab;
        /* RIGHT JOIN not (yet) supported */
        assert( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 );
        if( (pMatch->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->pTab->pSchema;
      }
    } /* if( pSrcList ) */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
................................................................................
    **
    ** In cases like this, replace pExpr with a copy of the expression that
    ** forms the result set entry ("a+b" in the example) and return immediately.
    ** Note that the expression in the result set should have already been
    ** resolved by the time the WHERE clause is resolved.
    **
    ** The ability to use an output result-set column in the WHERE, GROUP BY,
    ** or HAVING clauses, or as part of a larger expression in the ORDER BY
    ** clause is not standard SQL.  This is a (goofy) SQLite extension, that
    ** is supported for backwards compatibility only. Hence, we issue a warning
    ** on sqlite3_log() whenever the capability is used.
    */
    if( (pEList = pNC->pEList)!=0
     && zTab==0
     && cnt==0
    ){
      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){
................................................................................
*/
static int resolveSelectStep(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
  NameContext *pOuterNC;  /* Context that contains this SELECT */
  NameContext sNC;        /* Name context of this SELECT */
  int isCompound;         /* True if p is a compound select */
  int nCompound;          /* Number of compound terms processed so far */
  Parse *pParse;          /* Parsing context */

  int i;                  /* Loop counter */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;     /* The GROUP BY clause */
  Select *pLeftmost;      /* Left-most of SELECT of a compound */
  sqlite3 *db;            /* Database connection */
  

  assert( p!=0 );
................................................................................
        int nRef = 0;             /* Refcount for pOuterNC and outer contexts */
        const char *zSavedContext = pParse->zAuthContext;

        /* Count the total number of references to pOuterNC and all of its
        ** parent contexts. After resolving references to expressions in
        ** pItem->pSelect, check if this value has changed. If so, then
        ** SELECT statement pItem->pSelect must be correlated. Set the
        ** pItem->fg.isCorrelated flag if this is the case. */
        for(pNC=pOuterNC; pNC; pNC=pNC->pNext) nRef += pNC->nRef;

        if( pItem->zName ) pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
        sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, pItem->pSelect, pOuterNC);
        pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedContext;
        if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return WRC_Abort;

        for(pNC=pOuterNC; pNC; pNC=pNC->pNext) nRef -= pNC->nRef;
        assert( pItem->fg.isCorrelated==0 && nRef<=0 );
        pItem->fg.isCorrelated = (nRef!=0);
      }
    }
  
    /* Set up the local name-context to pass to sqlite3ResolveExprNames() to
    ** resolve the result-set expression list.
    */
    sNC.ncFlags = NC_AllowAgg;
    sNC.pSrcList = p->pSrc;
    sNC.pNext = pOuterNC;
  
    /* Resolve names in the result set. */




    if( sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, p->pEList) ) return WRC_Abort;



  
    /* If there are no aggregate functions in the result-set, and no GROUP BY 
    ** expression, do not allow aggregates in any of the other expressions.
    */
    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 );
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
    if( pGroupBy || (sNC.ncFlags & NC_HasAgg)!=0 ){
................................................................................
    **
    ** Minor point: If this is the case, then the expression will be
    ** re-evaluated for each reference to it.
    */
    sNC.pEList = p->pEList;
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pWhere) ) return WRC_Abort;

    /* Resolve names in table-valued-function arguments */
    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
      if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
       && sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pItem->u1.pFuncArg) 
      ){
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
    }

    /* The ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses may not refer to terms in
    ** outer queries 
    */
    sNC.pNext = 0;
    sNC.ncFlags |= NC_AllowAgg;

................................................................................
  if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg ){
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);
  }
  pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
  return ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
}

/*
** Resolve all names for all expression in an expression list.  This is
** just like sqlite3ResolveExprNames() except that it works for an expression
** list rather than a single expression.
*/
int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames( 
  NameContext *pNC,       /* Namespace to resolve expressions in. */
  ExprList *pList         /* The expression list to be analyzed. */
){
  int i;
  assert( pList!=0 );
  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(pNC, pList->a[i].pExpr) ) return WRC_Abort;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}

/*
** Resolve all names in all expressions of a SELECT and in all
** decendents of the SELECT, including compounds off of p->pPrior,
** subqueries in expressions, and subqueries used as FROM clause
** terms.
**
................................................................................
  Table *pTab,        /* The table being referenced */
  int type,           /* NC_IsCheck or NC_PartIdx */
  Expr *pExpr,        /* Expression to resolve.  May be NULL. */
  ExprList *pList     /* Expression list to resolve.  May be NUL. */
){
  SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
  NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */


  assert( type==NC_IsCheck || type==NC_PartIdx );
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
  sSrc.nSrc = 1;
  sSrc.a[0].zName = pTab->zName;
  sSrc.a[0].pTab = pTab;
  sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
  sNC.ncFlags = type;
  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pExpr) ) return;
  if( pList ) sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pList);



}

  pRight = &pLeft[1];
  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
    Table *pLeftTab = pLeft->pTab;
    Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
    int isOuter;

    if( NEVER(pLeftTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
    isOuter = (pRight->jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;

    /* When the NATURAL keyword is present, add WHERE clause terms for
    ** every column that the two tables have in common.
    */
    if( pRight->jointype & JT_NATURAL ){
      if( pRight->pOn || pRight->pUsing ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a NATURAL join may not have "
           "an ON or USING clause", 0);
        return 1;
      }
      for(j=0; j<pRightTab->nCol; j++){
        char *zName;   /* Name of column in the right table */
................................................................................
** through regData+nData-1 onto the sorter.
*/
static void pushOntoSorter(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
  SortCtx *pSort,        /* Information about the ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
  int regData,           /* First register holding data to be sorted */

  int nData,             /* Number of elements in the data array */
  int nPrefixReg         /* No. of reg prior to regData available for use */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                         /* Stmt under construction */
  int bSeq = ((pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter)==0);
  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;              /* No. of ORDER BY terms */
  int nBase = nExpr + bSeq + nData;                /* Fields in sorter record */
  int regBase;                                     /* Regs for sorter record */
  int regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;                  /* Assembled sorter record */
  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;                      /* ORDER BY terms to skip */
  int op;                            /* Opcode to add sorter record to sorter */

  assert( bSeq==0 || bSeq==1 );

  if( nPrefixReg ){
    assert( nPrefixReg==nExpr+bSeq );
    regBase = regData - nExpr - bSeq;
  }else{
    regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += nBase;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);

  if( bSeq ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
  }
  if( nPrefixReg==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+bSeq, nData);
  }

................................................................................
    */
    u8 ecelFlags;
    if( eDest==SRT_Mem || eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
      ecelFlags = SQLITE_ECEL_DUP;
    }else{
      ecelFlags = 0;
    }
    sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pEList, regResult, ecelFlags);
  }

  /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
  ** and this row has been seen before, then do not make this row
  ** part of the result.
  */
  if( hasDistinct ){
................................................................................
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }
................................................................................
      pDest->affSdst =
                  sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affSdst);
      if( pSort ){
        /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
        ** case the order does matter */
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult,1,r1, &pDest->affSdst, 1);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }
................................................................................
    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
    ** of the scan loop.
    */
    case SRT_Mem: {
      assert( nResultCol==1 );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        assert( regResult==iParm );
        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    case SRT_Coroutine:       /* Send data to a co-routine */
    case SRT_Output: {        /* Return the results */
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, nResultCol, nPrefixReg);

      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
      }
      break;
................................................................................
**
** Only the column names are computed.  Column.zType, Column.zColl,
** and other fields of Column are zeroed.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If a memory allocation error occurs,
** store NULL in *paCol and 0 in *pnCol and return SQLITE_NOMEM.
*/
static int selectColumnsFromExprList(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pEList,       /* Expr list from which to derive column names */
  i16 *pnCol,             /* Write the number of columns here */
  Column **paCol          /* Write the new column list here */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* Database connection */
  int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */
................................................................................
  }
  /* The sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() is only used n contexts where lookaside
  ** is disabled */
  assert( db->lookaside.bEnabled==0 );
  pTab->nRef = 1;
  pTab->zName = 0;
  pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
  selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
  selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSelect);
  pTab->iPKey = -1;
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
    return 0;
  }
  return pTab;
................................................................................
**
**   <recursive-table> AS (<setup-query> UNION [ALL] <recursive-query>)
**                         \___________/             \_______________/
**                           p->pPrior                      p
**
**
** There is exactly one reference to the recursive-table in the FROM clause
** of recursive-query, marked with the SrcList->a[].isRecursive flag.
**
** The setup-query runs once to generate an initial set of rows that go
** into a Queue table.  Rows are extracted from the Queue table one by
** one.  Each row extracted from Queue is output to pDest.  Then the single
** extracted row (now in the iCurrent table) becomes the content of the
** recursive-table for a recursive-query run.  The output of the recursive-query
** is added back into the Queue table.  Then another row is extracted from Queue
................................................................................
  regOffset = p->iOffset;
  p->pLimit = p->pOffset = 0;
  p->iLimit = p->iOffset = 0;
  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;

  /* Locate the cursor number of the Current table */
  for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<pSrc->nSrc); i++){
    if( pSrc->a[i].isRecursive ){
      iCurrent = pSrc->a[i].iCursor;
      break;
    }
  }

  /* Allocate cursors numbers for Queue and Distinct.  The cursor number for
  ** the Distinct table must be exactly one greater than Queue in order
................................................................................
  ** effectively converts the OUTER JOIN into an INNER JOIN.
  **
  ** THIS OVERRIDES OBSOLETE COMMENTS 1 AND 2 ABOVE:
  ** Ticket #3300 shows that flattening the right term of a LEFT JOIN
  ** is fraught with danger.  Best to avoid the whole thing.  If the
  ** subquery is the right term of a LEFT JOIN, then do not flatten.
  */
  if( (pSubitem->jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }

  /* Restriction 17: If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
  ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
  ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
  ** queries.
................................................................................
    u8 jointype = 0;
    pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of subquery */
    nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;  /* Number of terms in subquery FROM clause */
    pSrc = pParent->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of the outer query */

    if( pSrc ){
      assert( pParent==p );  /* First time through the loop */
      jointype = pSubitem->jointype;
    }else{
      assert( pParent!=p );  /* 2nd and subsequent times through the loop */
      pSrc = pParent->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
      if( pSrc==0 ){
        assert( db->mallocFailed );
        break;
      }
................................................................................
    ** outer query.
    */
    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
      sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pSrc->a[i+iFrom].pUsing);
      pSrc->a[i+iFrom] = pSubSrc->a[i];
      memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
    }
    pSrc->a[iFrom].jointype = jointype;
  
    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for 
    ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
    ** 
    ** Example:
    **
    **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
................................................................................
**
**   (3) The inner query has a LIMIT clause (since the changes to the WHERE
**       close would change the meaning of the LIMIT).
**
**   (4) The inner query is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN.  (The caller
**       enforces this restriction since this routine does not have enough
**       information to know.)



**
** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
** terms are duplicated into the subquery.
*/
static int pushDownWhereTerms(
  sqlite3 *db,          /* The database connection (for malloc()) */
  Select *pSubq,        /* The subquery whose WHERE clause is to be augmented */
................................................................................
  if( pSubq->pLimit!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restriction (3) */
  }
  while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
    nChng += pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSubq, pWhere->pRight, iCursor);
    pWhere = pWhere->pLeft;
  }

  if( sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pWhere, iCursor) ){
    nChng++;
    while( pSubq ){
      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
      pNew = substExpr(db, pNew, iCursor, pSubq->pEList);
      pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
      pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;
................................................................................
** If the source-list item passed as an argument was augmented with an
** INDEXED BY clause, then try to locate the specified index. If there
** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return 
** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate 
** pFrom->pIndex and return SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
  if( pFrom->pTab && pFrom->zIndexedBy ){
    Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
    char *zIndexedBy = pFrom->zIndexedBy;
    Index *pIdx;
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; 
        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndexedBy); 
        pIdx=pIdx->pNext
    );
    if( !pIdx ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndexedBy, 0);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    pFrom->pIndex = pIdx;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Detect compound SELECT statements that use an ORDER BY clause with 
** an alternative collating sequence.
**
................................................................................
    Table *pTab;
    ExprList *pEList;
    Select *pSel;
    Select *pLeft;                /* Left-most SELECT statement */
    int bMayRecursive;            /* True if compound joined by UNION [ALL] */
    With *pSavedWith;             /* Initial value of pParse->pWith */

    /* If pCte->zErr is non-NULL at this point, then this is an illegal
    ** recursive reference to CTE pCte. Leave an error in pParse and return
    ** early. If pCte->zErr is NULL, then this is not a recursive reference.
    ** In this case, proceed.  */
    if( pCte->zErr ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, pCte->zErr, pCte->zName);
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }

    assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
    pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
    if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
    pTab->nRef = 1;
................................................................................
      for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
        struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
        if( pItem->zDatabase==0 
         && pItem->zName!=0 
         && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pItem->zName, pCte->zName)
          ){
          pItem->pTab = pTab;
          pItem->isRecursive = 1;
          pTab->nRef++;
          pSel->selFlags |= SF_Recursive;
        }
      }
    }

    /* Only one recursive reference is permitted. */ 
................................................................................
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(
          pParse, "multiple references to recursive table: %s", pCte->zName
      );
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    assert( pTab->nRef==1 || ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nRef==2 ));

    pCte->zErr = "circular reference: %s";
    pSavedWith = pParse->pWith;
    pParse->pWith = pWith;
    sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, bMayRecursive ? pSel->pPrior : pSel);

    for(pLeft=pSel; pLeft->pPrior; pLeft=pLeft->pPrior);
    pEList = pLeft->pEList;
    if( pCte->pCols ){
................................................................................
        );
        pParse->pWith = pSavedWith;
        return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      pEList = pCte->pCols;
    }

    selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
    if( bMayRecursive ){
      if( pSel->selFlags & SF_Recursive ){
        pCte->zErr = "multiple recursive references: %s";
      }else{
        pCte->zErr = "recursive reference in a subquery: %s";
      }
      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel);
    }
    pCte->zErr = 0;
    pParse->pWith = pSavedWith;
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif

................................................................................

  /* Look up every table named in the FROM clause of the select.  If
  ** an entry of the FROM clause is a subquery instead of a table or view,
  ** then create a transient table structure to describe the subquery.
  */
  for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
    Table *pTab;
    assert( pFrom->isRecursive==0 || pFrom->pTab );
    if( pFrom->isRecursive ) continue;
    if( pFrom->pTab!=0 ){
      /* This statement has already been prepared.  There is no need
      ** to go further. */
      assert( i==0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
      selectPopWith(pWalker, p);
#endif
................................................................................
      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel) ) return WRC_Abort;
      pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
      if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
      pTab->nRef = 1;
      pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_sq_%p", (void*)pTab);
      while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
      selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
      pTab->iPKey = -1;
      pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
#endif
    }else{
      /* An ordinary table or view name in the FROM clause */
      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
................................................................................
            if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j]) ){
              assert(IsVirtual(pTab));
              continue;
            }
            tableSeen = 1;

            if( i>0 && zTName==0 ){
              if( (pFrom->jointype & JT_NATURAL)!=0
                && tableAndColumnIndex(pTabList, i, zName, 0, 0)
              ){
                /* In a NATURAL join, omit the join columns from the 
                ** table to the right of the join */
                continue;
              }
              if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pFrom->pUsing, zName)>=0 ){
................................................................................
    int addrNext = 0;
    int regAgg;
    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
    if( pList ){
      nArg = pList->nExpr;
      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
      sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regAgg, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
    }else{
      nArg = 0;
      regAgg = 0;
    }
    if( pF->iDistinct>=0 ){
      addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      testcase( nArg==0 );  /* Error condition */
................................................................................
    /* Sometimes the code for a subquery will be generated more than
    ** once, if the subquery is part of the WHERE clause in a LEFT JOIN,
    ** for example.  In that case, do not regenerate the code to manifest
    ** a view or the co-routine to implement a view.  The first instance
    ** is sufficient, though the subroutine to manifest the view does need
    ** to be invoked again. */
    if( pItem->addrFillSub ){
      if( pItem->viaCoroutine==0 ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pItem->regReturn, pItem->addrFillSub);
      }
      continue;
    }

    /* Increment Parse.nHeight by the height of the largest expression
    ** tree referred to by this, the parent select. The child select
................................................................................
    ** an exact limit.
    */
    pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);

    /* Make copies of constant WHERE-clause terms in the outer query down
    ** inside the subquery.  This can help the subquery to run more efficiently.
    */
    if( (pItem->jointype & JT_OUTER)==0
     && pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSub, p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor)
    ){
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
      if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
        SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After WHERE-clause push-down:\n"));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }
................................................................................
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      pItem->addrFillSub = addrTop;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      pItem->viaCoroutine = 1;
      pItem->regResult = dest.iSdst;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_EndCoroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop-1);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }else{
      /* Generate a subroutine that will fill an ephemeral table with
      ** the content of this subquery.  pItem->addrFillSub will point
................................................................................
      int topAddr;
      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;
      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      if( pItem->isCorrelated==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is not correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */
        onceAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse); VdbeCoverage(v);
        VdbeComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }else{
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
................................................................................
          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
            nCol++;
            j++;
          }
        }
        regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0);
        j = nGroupBy;
        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
          if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
            int r1 = j + regBase;
            int r2;

  pRight = &pLeft[1];
  for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
    Table *pLeftTab = pLeft->pTab;
    Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
    int isOuter;

    if( NEVER(pLeftTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
    isOuter = (pRight->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;

    /* When the NATURAL keyword is present, add WHERE clause terms for
    ** every column that the two tables have in common.
    */
    if( pRight->fg.jointype & JT_NATURAL ){
      if( pRight->pOn || pRight->pUsing ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "a NATURAL join may not have "
           "an ON or USING clause", 0);
        return 1;
      }
      for(j=0; j<pRightTab->nCol; j++){
        char *zName;   /* Name of column in the right table */
................................................................................
** through regData+nData-1 onto the sorter.
*/
static void pushOntoSorter(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
  SortCtx *pSort,        /* Information about the ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
  int regData,           /* First register holding data to be sorted */
  int regOrigData,       /* First register holding data before packing */
  int nData,             /* Number of elements in the data array */
  int nPrefixReg         /* No. of reg prior to regData available for use */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                         /* Stmt under construction */
  int bSeq = ((pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter)==0);
  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;              /* No. of ORDER BY terms */
  int nBase = nExpr + bSeq + nData;                /* Fields in sorter record */
  int regBase;                                     /* Regs for sorter record */
  int regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;                  /* Assembled sorter record */
  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;                      /* ORDER BY terms to skip */
  int op;                            /* Opcode to add sorter record to sorter */

  assert( bSeq==0 || bSeq==1 );
  assert( nData==1 || regData==regOrigData );
  if( nPrefixReg ){
    assert( nPrefixReg==nExpr+bSeq );
    regBase = regData - nExpr - bSeq;
  }else{
    regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += nBase;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, regOrigData,
                          SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_REF);
  if( bSeq ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
  }
  if( nPrefixReg==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+bSeq, nData);
  }

................................................................................
    */
    u8 ecelFlags;
    if( eDest==SRT_Mem || eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
      ecelFlags = SQLITE_ECEL_DUP;
    }else{
      ecelFlags = 0;
    }
    sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pEList, regResult, 0, ecelFlags);
  }

  /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
  ** and this row has been seen before, then do not make this row
  ** part of the result.
  */
  if( hasDistinct ){
................................................................................
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg,regResult,1,nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }
................................................................................
      pDest->affSdst =
                  sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affSdst);
      if( pSort ){
        /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
        ** case the order does matter */
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult,1,r1, &pDest->affSdst, 1);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }
................................................................................
    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
    ** of the scan loop.
    */
    case SRT_Mem: {
      assert( nResultCol==1 );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        assert( regResult==iParm );
        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    case SRT_Coroutine:       /* Send data to a co-routine */
    case SRT_Output: {        /* Return the results */
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, nResultCol,
                       nPrefixReg);
      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
      }
      break;
................................................................................
**
** Only the column names are computed.  Column.zType, Column.zColl,
** and other fields of Column are zeroed.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If a memory allocation error occurs,
** store NULL in *paCol and 0 in *pnCol and return SQLITE_NOMEM.
*/
int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pEList,       /* Expr list from which to derive column names */
  i16 *pnCol,             /* Write the number of columns here */
  Column **paCol          /* Write the new column list here */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* Database connection */
  int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */
................................................................................
  }
  /* The sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() is only used n contexts where lookaside
  ** is disabled */
  assert( db->lookaside.bEnabled==0 );
  pTab->nRef = 1;
  pTab->zName = 0;
  pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
  sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
  selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSelect);
  pTab->iPKey = -1;
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
    return 0;
  }
  return pTab;
................................................................................
**
**   <recursive-table> AS (<setup-query> UNION [ALL] <recursive-query>)
**                         \___________/             \_______________/
**                           p->pPrior                      p
**
**
** There is exactly one reference to the recursive-table in the FROM clause
** of recursive-query, marked with the SrcList->a[].fg.isRecursive flag.
**
** The setup-query runs once to generate an initial set of rows that go
** into a Queue table.  Rows are extracted from the Queue table one by
** one.  Each row extracted from Queue is output to pDest.  Then the single
** extracted row (now in the iCurrent table) becomes the content of the
** recursive-table for a recursive-query run.  The output of the recursive-query
** is added back into the Queue table.  Then another row is extracted from Queue
................................................................................
  regOffset = p->iOffset;
  p->pLimit = p->pOffset = 0;
  p->iLimit = p->iOffset = 0;
  pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;

  /* Locate the cursor number of the Current table */
  for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<pSrc->nSrc); i++){
    if( pSrc->a[i].fg.isRecursive ){
      iCurrent = pSrc->a[i].iCursor;
      break;
    }
  }

  /* Allocate cursors numbers for Queue and Distinct.  The cursor number for
  ** the Distinct table must be exactly one greater than Queue in order
................................................................................
  ** effectively converts the OUTER JOIN into an INNER JOIN.
  **
  ** THIS OVERRIDES OBSOLETE COMMENTS 1 AND 2 ABOVE:
  ** Ticket #3300 shows that flattening the right term of a LEFT JOIN
  ** is fraught with danger.  Best to avoid the whole thing.  If the
  ** subquery is the right term of a LEFT JOIN, then do not flatten.
  */
  if( (pSubitem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }

  /* Restriction 17: If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
  ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
  ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
  ** queries.
................................................................................
    u8 jointype = 0;
    pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of subquery */
    nSubSrc = pSubSrc->nSrc;  /* Number of terms in subquery FROM clause */
    pSrc = pParent->pSrc;     /* FROM clause of the outer query */

    if( pSrc ){
      assert( pParent==p );  /* First time through the loop */
      jointype = pSubitem->fg.jointype;
    }else{
      assert( pParent!=p );  /* 2nd and subsequent times through the loop */
      pSrc = pParent->pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, 0, 0);
      if( pSrc==0 ){
        assert( db->mallocFailed );
        break;
      }
................................................................................
    ** outer query.
    */
    for(i=0; i<nSubSrc; i++){
      sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pSrc->a[i+iFrom].pUsing);
      pSrc->a[i+iFrom] = pSubSrc->a[i];
      memset(&pSubSrc->a[i], 0, sizeof(pSubSrc->a[i]));
    }
    pSrc->a[iFrom].fg.jointype = jointype;
  
    /* Now begin substituting subquery result set expressions for 
    ** references to the iParent in the outer query.
    ** 
    ** Example:
    **
    **   SELECT a+5, b*10 FROM (SELECT x*3 AS a, y+10 AS b FROM t1) WHERE a>b;
................................................................................
**
**   (3) The inner query has a LIMIT clause (since the changes to the WHERE
**       close would change the meaning of the LIMIT).
**
**   (4) The inner query is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN.  (The caller
**       enforces this restriction since this routine does not have enough
**       information to know.)
**
**   (5) The WHERE clause expression originates in the ON or USING clause
**       of a LEFT JOIN.
**
** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
** terms are duplicated into the subquery.
*/
static int pushDownWhereTerms(
  sqlite3 *db,          /* The database connection (for malloc()) */
  Select *pSubq,        /* The subquery whose WHERE clause is to be augmented */
................................................................................
  if( pSubq->pLimit!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restriction (3) */
  }
  while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
    nChng += pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSubq, pWhere->pRight, iCursor);
    pWhere = pWhere->pLeft;
  }
  if( ExprHasProperty(pWhere,EP_FromJoin) ) return 0; /* restriction 5 */
  if( sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pWhere, iCursor) ){
    nChng++;
    while( pSubq ){
      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
      pNew = substExpr(db, pNew, iCursor, pSubq->pEList);
      pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
      pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;
................................................................................
** If the source-list item passed as an argument was augmented with an
** INDEXED BY clause, then try to locate the specified index. If there
** was such a clause and the named index cannot be found, return 
** SQLITE_ERROR and leave an error in pParse. Otherwise, populate 
** pFrom->pIndex and return SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *pParse, struct SrcList_item *pFrom){
  if( pFrom->pTab && pFrom->fg.isIndexedBy ){
    Table *pTab = pFrom->pTab;
    char *zIndexedBy = pFrom->u1.zIndexedBy;
    Index *pIdx;
    for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; 
        pIdx && sqlite3StrICmp(pIdx->zName, zIndexedBy); 
        pIdx=pIdx->pNext
    );
    if( !pIdx ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such index: %s", zIndexedBy, 0);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    pFrom->pIBIndex = pIdx;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}
/*
** Detect compound SELECT statements that use an ORDER BY clause with 
** an alternative collating sequence.
**
................................................................................
    Table *pTab;
    ExprList *pEList;
    Select *pSel;
    Select *pLeft;                /* Left-most SELECT statement */
    int bMayRecursive;            /* True if compound joined by UNION [ALL] */
    With *pSavedWith;             /* Initial value of pParse->pWith */

    /* If pCte->zCteErr is non-NULL at this point, then this is an illegal
    ** recursive reference to CTE pCte. Leave an error in pParse and return
    ** early. If pCte->zCteErr is NULL, then this is not a recursive reference.
    ** In this case, proceed.  */
    if( pCte->zCteErr ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, pCte->zCteErr, pCte->zName);
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }

    assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
    pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
    if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
    pTab->nRef = 1;
................................................................................
      for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc; i++){
        struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pSrc->a[i];
        if( pItem->zDatabase==0 
         && pItem->zName!=0 
         && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pItem->zName, pCte->zName)
          ){
          pItem->pTab = pTab;
          pItem->fg.isRecursive = 1;
          pTab->nRef++;
          pSel->selFlags |= SF_Recursive;
        }
      }
    }

    /* Only one recursive reference is permitted. */ 
................................................................................
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(
          pParse, "multiple references to recursive table: %s", pCte->zName
      );
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    assert( pTab->nRef==1 || ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nRef==2 ));

    pCte->zCteErr = "circular reference: %s";
    pSavedWith = pParse->pWith;
    pParse->pWith = pWith;
    sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, bMayRecursive ? pSel->pPrior : pSel);

    for(pLeft=pSel; pLeft->pPrior; pLeft=pLeft->pPrior);
    pEList = pLeft->pEList;
    if( pCte->pCols ){
................................................................................
        );
        pParse->pWith = pSavedWith;
        return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      pEList = pCte->pCols;
    }

    sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
    if( bMayRecursive ){
      if( pSel->selFlags & SF_Recursive ){
        pCte->zCteErr = "multiple recursive references: %s";
      }else{
        pCte->zCteErr = "recursive reference in a subquery: %s";
      }
      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel);
    }
    pCte->zCteErr = 0;
    pParse->pWith = pSavedWith;
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif

................................................................................

  /* Look up every table named in the FROM clause of the select.  If
  ** an entry of the FROM clause is a subquery instead of a table or view,
  ** then create a transient table structure to describe the subquery.
  */
  for(i=0, pFrom=pTabList->a; i<pTabList->nSrc; i++, pFrom++){
    Table *pTab;
    assert( pFrom->fg.isRecursive==0 || pFrom->pTab );
    if( pFrom->fg.isRecursive ) continue;
    if( pFrom->pTab!=0 ){
      /* This statement has already been prepared.  There is no need
      ** to go further. */
      assert( i==0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
      selectPopWith(pWalker, p);
#endif
................................................................................
      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel) ) return WRC_Abort;
      pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
      if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
      pTab->nRef = 1;
      pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_sq_%p", (void*)pTab);
      while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
      sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList,&pTab->nCol,&pTab->aCol);
      pTab->iPKey = -1;
      pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
#endif
    }else{
      /* An ordinary table or view name in the FROM clause */
      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
................................................................................
            if( IsHiddenColumn(&pTab->aCol[j]) ){
              assert(IsVirtual(pTab));
              continue;
            }
            tableSeen = 1;

            if( i>0 && zTName==0 ){
              if( (pFrom->fg.jointype & JT_NATURAL)!=0
                && tableAndColumnIndex(pTabList, i, zName, 0, 0)
              ){
                /* In a NATURAL join, omit the join columns from the 
                ** table to the right of the join */
                continue;
              }
              if( sqlite3IdListIndex(pFrom->pUsing, zName)>=0 ){
................................................................................
    int addrNext = 0;
    int regAgg;
    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
    if( pList ){
      nArg = pList->nExpr;
      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
      sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regAgg, 0, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
    }else{
      nArg = 0;
      regAgg = 0;
    }
    if( pF->iDistinct>=0 ){
      addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      testcase( nArg==0 );  /* Error condition */
................................................................................
    /* Sometimes the code for a subquery will be generated more than
    ** once, if the subquery is part of the WHERE clause in a LEFT JOIN,
    ** for example.  In that case, do not regenerate the code to manifest
    ** a view or the co-routine to implement a view.  The first instance
    ** is sufficient, though the subroutine to manifest the view does need
    ** to be invoked again. */
    if( pItem->addrFillSub ){
      if( pItem->fg.viaCoroutine==0 ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pItem->regReturn, pItem->addrFillSub);
      }
      continue;
    }

    /* Increment Parse.nHeight by the height of the largest expression
    ** tree referred to by this, the parent select. The child select
................................................................................
    ** an exact limit.
    */
    pParse->nHeight += sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);

    /* Make copies of constant WHERE-clause terms in the outer query down
    ** inside the subquery.  This can help the subquery to run more efficiently.
    */
    if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)==0
     && pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSub, p->pWhere, pItem->iCursor)
    ){
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
      if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
        SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p,("After WHERE-clause push-down:\n"));
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
      }
................................................................................
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
      pItem->addrFillSub = addrTop;
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      pItem->fg.viaCoroutine = 1;
      pItem->regResult = dest.iSdst;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_EndCoroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop-1);
      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
    }else{
      /* Generate a subroutine that will fill an ephemeral table with
      ** the content of this subquery.  pItem->addrFillSub will point
................................................................................
      int topAddr;
      int onceAddr = 0;
      int retAddr;
      assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );
      pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
      topAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pItem->regReturn);
      pItem->addrFillSub = topAddr+1;
      if( pItem->fg.isCorrelated==0 ){
        /* If the subquery is not correlated and if we are not inside of
        ** a trigger, then we only need to compute the value of the subquery
        ** once. */
        onceAddr = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse); VdbeCoverage(v);
        VdbeComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
      }else{
        VdbeNoopComment((v, "materialize \"%s\"", pItem->pTab->zName));
................................................................................
          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
            nCol++;
            j++;
          }
        }
        regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0, 0);
        j = nGroupBy;
        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
          if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
            int r1 = j + regBase;
            int r2;

#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))

#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))

#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))

#define sqlite3_value_numeric_type     sqlite3_api->value_numeric_type
#define sqlite3_value_text             sqlite3_api->value_text
#define sqlite3_value_text16           sqlite3_api->value_text16
#define sqlite3_value_text16be         sqlite3_api->value_text16be
#define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
#define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
#define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf

#define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
#define sqlite3_clear_bindings         sqlite3_api->clear_bindings
#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob          sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob
#define sqlite3_blob_bytes             sqlite3_api->blob_bytes
#define sqlite3_blob_close             sqlite3_api->blob_close

#define sqlite3_value_numeric_type     sqlite3_api->value_numeric_type
#define sqlite3_value_text             sqlite3_api->value_text
#define sqlite3_value_text16           sqlite3_api->value_text16
#define sqlite3_value_text16be         sqlite3_api->value_text16be
#define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
#define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
#define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
#define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
#define sqlite3_clear_bindings         sqlite3_api->clear_bindings
#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob          sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob
#define sqlite3_blob_bytes             sqlite3_api->blob_bytes
#define sqlite3_blob_close             sqlite3_api->blob_close

** hash table.
*/
struct Module {
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
  const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
  void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
  void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */

};

/*
** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
** of this structure.
*/
struct Column {
................................................................................
};

/*
** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
*/
#define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */


/*
** Column affinity types.
**
** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  
................................................................................
struct Table {
  char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
  Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
  Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
  Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
  FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
  char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
  ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
#endif

  int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
  i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
  i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
  u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
  LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
  LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
................................................................................
  u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
  u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
  char **azModuleArg;  /* Text of all module args. [0] is module name */
  VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
#endif
  Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
  Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
  Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
};

................................................................................
    char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
    char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
    Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
    Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
    int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
    int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
    int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */

    u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this able and the previous */
    unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */


    unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
    unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
    unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
    u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
#endif
    int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
    Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
    Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */

    char *zIndexedBy; /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */


    Index *pIndex;    /* Index structure corresponding to zIndex, if any */
  } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
#define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
................................................................................
struct With {
  int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
  With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
  struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
    char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
    ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
    Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
    const char *zErr;               /* Error message for circular references */
  } a[1];
};

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
................................................................................
void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);

void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);


Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
................................................................................

RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);

void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,Select*,int,int);

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
  int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
#else
# define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
#endif

................................................................................
IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
                                      Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);

int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
................................................................................
void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int, u8);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, u8);
#define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */

void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
................................................................................
#define putVarint32(A,B)  \
  (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
  sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
#define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
#define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint


const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *, Index *);
void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
................................................................................
void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);

void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
................................................................................
   void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
   void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
   int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
   void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
   VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
#  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
#endif


void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);

** hash table.
*/
struct Module {
  const sqlite3_module *pModule;       /* Callback pointers */
  const char *zName;                   /* Name passed to create_module() */
  void *pAux;                          /* pAux passed to create_module() */
  void (*xDestroy)(void *);            /* Module destructor function */
  Table *pEpoTab;                      /* Eponymous table for this module */
};

/*
** information about each column of an SQL table is held in an instance
** of this structure.
*/
struct Column {
................................................................................
};

/*
** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
*/
#define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */

/*
** Column affinity types.
**
** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  
................................................................................
struct Table {
  char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
  Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
  Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
  Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
  FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
  char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */

  ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */

                       /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
  int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
  i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
  i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
  u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
  LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
  LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
................................................................................
  u8 tabFlags;         /* Mask of TF_* values */
  u8 keyConf;          /* What to do in case of uniqueness conflict on iPKey */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
  int addColOffset;    /* Offset in CREATE TABLE stmt to add a new column */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  int nModuleArg;      /* Number of arguments to the module */
  char **azModuleArg;  /* 0: module 1: schema 2: vtab name 3...: args */
  VTable *pVTable;     /* List of VTable objects. */
#endif
  Trigger *pTrigger;   /* List of triggers stored in pSchema */
  Schema *pSchema;     /* Schema that contains this table */
  Table *pNextZombie;  /* Next on the Parse.pZombieTab list */
};

................................................................................
    char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
    char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
    Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */
    Select *pSelect;  /* A SELECT statement used in place of a table name */
    int addrFillSub;  /* Address of subroutine to manifest a subquery */
    int regReturn;    /* Register holding return address of addrFillSub */
    int regResult;    /* Registers holding results of a co-routine */
    struct {
      u8 jointype;      /* Type of join between this able and the previous */
      unsigned notIndexed :1;    /* True if there is a NOT INDEXED clause */
      unsigned isIndexedBy :1;   /* True if there is an INDEXED BY clause */
      unsigned isTabFunc :1;     /* True if table-valued-function syntax */
      unsigned isCorrelated :1;  /* True if sub-query is correlated */
      unsigned viaCoroutine :1;  /* Implemented as a co-routine */
      unsigned isRecursive :1;   /* True for recursive reference in WITH */
    } fg;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
    u8 iSelectId;     /* If pSelect!=0, the id of the sub-select in EQP */
#endif
    int iCursor;      /* The VDBE cursor number used to access this table */
    Expr *pOn;        /* The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* The USING clause of a join */
    Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N (1<<N) set if column N of pTab is used */
    union {
      char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
      ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
    } u1;
    Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
  } a[1];             /* One entry for each identifier on the list */
};

/*
** Permitted values of the SrcList.a.jointype field
*/
#define JT_INNER     0x0001    /* Any kind of inner or cross join */
................................................................................
struct With {
  int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
  With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
  struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
    char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
    ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
    Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
    const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
  } a[1];
};

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.
................................................................................
void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
................................................................................

RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);

void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
  int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
#else
# define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
#endif

................................................................................
IdList *sqlite3IdListAppend(sqlite3*, IdList*, Token*);
int sqlite3IdListIndex(IdList*,const char*);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListEnlarge(sqlite3*, SrcList*, int, int);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppend(sqlite3*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*, Token*,
                                      Token*, Select*, Expr*, IdList*);
void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *, SrcList *, Token *);
void sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*);
int sqlite3IndexedByLookup(Parse *, struct SrcList_item *);
void sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(SrcList*);
void sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(Parse*, SrcList*);
void sqlite3IdListDelete(sqlite3*, IdList*);
void sqlite3SrcListDelete(sqlite3*, SrcList*);
Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(sqlite3*,i16,int,char**);
Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(Parse*,Token*,Token*,SrcList*,ExprList*,int,Token*,
................................................................................
void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int, u8);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
#define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
................................................................................
#define putVarint32(A,B)  \
  (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
  sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
#define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
#define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint


const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);
................................................................................
void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse *, Expr *, int, int);
void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
int sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy(Parse*, Select*, ExprList*, const char*);
void sqlite3ColumnDefault(Vdbe *, Table *, int, int);
void sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(Parse *, Token *);
void sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(Parse *, SrcList *);
CollSeq *sqlite3GetCollSeq(Parse*, u8, CollSeq *, const char*);
................................................................................
   void sqlite3VtabUnlock(VTable *);
   void sqlite3VtabUnlockList(sqlite3*);
   int sqlite3VtabSavepoint(sqlite3 *, int, int);
   void sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(Vdbe*, sqlite3_vtab*);
   VTable *sqlite3GetVTable(sqlite3*, Table*);
#  define sqlite3VtabInSync(db) ((db)->nVTrans>0 && (db)->aVTrans==0)
#endif
int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse*,Module*);
void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3*,Module*);
void sqlite3VtabMakeWritable(Parse*,Table*);
void sqlite3VtabBeginParse(Parse*, Token*, Token*, Token*, int);
void sqlite3VtabFinishParse(Parse*, Token*);
void sqlite3VtabArgInit(Parse*);
void sqlite3VtabArgExtend(Parse*, Token*);
int sqlite3VtabCallCreate(sqlite3*, int, const char *, char **);
int sqlite3VtabCallConnect(Parse*, Table*);

){
  extern int sqlite3_amatch_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_closure_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_eval_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fileio_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fuzzer_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_ieee_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);

  extern int sqlite3_nextchar_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_percentile_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_regexp_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);

  extern int sqlite3_spellfix_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_totype_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_wholenumber_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fts5_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  static const struct {
    const char *zExtName;
    int (*pInit)(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
................................................................................
    { "eval",                  sqlite3_eval_init                 },
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
    { "fts5",                  sqlite3_fts5_init                 },
#endif
    { "fileio",                sqlite3_fileio_init               },
    { "fuzzer",                sqlite3_fuzzer_init               },
    { "ieee754",               sqlite3_ieee_init                 },

    { "nextchar",              sqlite3_nextchar_init             },
    { "percentile",            sqlite3_percentile_init           },
    { "regexp",                sqlite3_regexp_init               },

    { "spellfix",              sqlite3_spellfix_init             },
    { "totype",                sqlite3_totype_init               },
    { "wholenumber",           sqlite3_wholenumber_init          },
  };
  sqlite3 *db;
  const char *zName;
  int i, j, rc;

){
  extern int sqlite3_amatch_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_closure_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_eval_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fileio_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fuzzer_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_ieee_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_json_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_nextchar_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_percentile_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_regexp_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_series_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_spellfix_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_totype_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_wholenumber_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fts5_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  static const struct {
    const char *zExtName;
    int (*pInit)(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
................................................................................
    { "eval",                  sqlite3_eval_init                 },
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
    { "fts5",                  sqlite3_fts5_init                 },
#endif
    { "fileio",                sqlite3_fileio_init               },
    { "fuzzer",                sqlite3_fuzzer_init               },
    { "ieee754",               sqlite3_ieee_init                 },
    { "json",                  sqlite3_json_init                 },
    { "nextchar",              sqlite3_nextchar_init             },
    { "percentile",            sqlite3_percentile_init           },
    { "regexp",                sqlite3_regexp_init               },
    { "series",                sqlite3_series_init               },
    { "spellfix",              sqlite3_spellfix_init             },
    { "totype",                sqlite3_totype_init               },
    { "wholenumber",           sqlite3_wholenumber_init          },
  };
  sqlite3 *db;
  const char *zName;
  int i, j, rc;

/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;

  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);

  sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s (0x%p) selFlags=0x%x",
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""), p, p->selFlags
  );





  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
  if( p->pWhere ) n++;
  if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
  if( p->pHaving ) n++;
  if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
  if( p->pLimit ) n++;
  if( p->pOffset ) n++;
  if( p->pPrior ) n++;

  sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
    int i;
    pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FROM");
    for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
      struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
      StrAccum x;
      char zLine[100];
      sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, "{%d,*}", pItem->iCursor);
      if( pItem->zDatabase ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
      }else if( pItem->zName ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s", pItem->zName);
      }
      if( pItem->pTab ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " tabname=%Q", pItem->pTab->zName);
      }
      if( pItem->zAlias ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
      }
      if( pItem->jointype & JT_LEFT ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " LEFT-JOIN");
      }
      sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1); 
      if( pItem->pSelect ){
        sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
      }



      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pWhere ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "WHERE", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pWhere, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pGroupBy ){
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pGroupBy, (n--)>0, "GROUPBY");
  }
  if( p->pHaving ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "HAVING", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pHaving, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pOrderBy ){
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pOrderBy, (n--)>0, "ORDERBY");
  }
  if( p->pLimit ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pOffset ){
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }
  if( p->pPrior ){
    const char *zOp = "UNION";
    switch( p->op ){
      case TK_ALL:         zOp = "UNION ALL";  break;
      case TK_INTERSECT:   zOp = "INTERSECT";  break;
      case TK_EXCEPT:      zOp = "EXCEPT";     break;
    }
    sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zOp, (n--)>0);
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, p->pPrior, 0);
    sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
  }


  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 moreToFollow){
................................................................................
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( zLabel==0 || zLabel[0]==0 ) zLabel = "LIST";
  if( pList==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s (empty)", zLabel);
  }else{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){





      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);

    }
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;
  int cnt = 0;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  do{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s (0x%p) selFlags=0x%x",
      ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
      ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""), p, p->selFlags
    );
    if( cnt++ ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    if( p->pPrior ){
      n = 1000;
    }else{
      n = 0;
      if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
      if( p->pWhere ) n++;
      if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
      if( p->pHaving ) n++;
      if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
      if( p->pLimit ) n++;
      if( p->pOffset ) n++;

    }
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
    if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
      int i;
      pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FROM");
      for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
        struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
        StrAccum x;
        char zLine[100];
        sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, "{%d,*}", pItem->iCursor);
        if( pItem->zDatabase ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
        }else if( pItem->zName ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s", pItem->zName);
        }
        if( pItem->pTab ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " tabname=%Q", pItem->pTab->zName);
        }
        if( pItem->zAlias ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
        }
        if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " LEFT-JOIN");
        }
        sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1); 
        if( pItem->pSelect ){
          sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
        }
        if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
          sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");
        }
        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pWhere ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "WHERE", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pWhere, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pGroupBy ){
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pGroupBy, (n--)>0, "GROUPBY");
    }
    if( p->pHaving ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "HAVING", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pHaving, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pOrderBy ){
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pOrderBy, (n--)>0, "ORDERBY");
    }
    if( p->pLimit ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pOffset ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pPrior ){
      const char *zOp = "UNION";
      switch( p->op ){
        case TK_ALL:         zOp = "UNION ALL";  break;
        case TK_INTERSECT:   zOp = "INTERSECT";  break;
        case TK_EXCEPT:      zOp = "EXCEPT";     break;
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zOp, 1);


    }
    p = p->pPrior;
  }while( p!=0 );
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 moreToFollow){
................................................................................
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( zLabel==0 || zLabel[0]==0 ) zLabel = "LIST";
  if( pList==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s (empty)", zLabel);
  }else{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      int j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol;
      if( j ){
        sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 0);
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "iOrderByCol=%d", j);
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);
      if( j ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

    }
    if( okOnePass ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOpen);
      nKey = nPk;
      regKey = iPk;
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, regKey,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pPk), nPk);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEph, regKey);
    }
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
  }

  /* Initialize the count of updated rows
  */

    }
    if( okOnePass ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOpen);
      nKey = nPk;
      regKey = iPk;
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, regKey,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pPk), nPk);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEph, regKey);
    }
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
  }

  /* Initialize the count of updated rows
  */

  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
  sqlite3VdbeEnter(p);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    goto no_mem;
  }
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || p->rc==SQLITE_BUSY );
  assert( p->bIsReader || p->readOnly!=0 );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  p->iCurrentTime = 0;
  assert( p->explain==0 );
  p->pResultSet = 0;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
................................................................................
    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }
  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;

  if( pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, pOp->p2);


    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
      p->pc = (int)(pOp - aOp);
      p->rc = rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }

    if( pOp->p2 && p->usesStmtJournal 

  assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );  /* sqlite3_step() verifies this */
  sqlite3VdbeEnter(p);
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
    /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
    ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
    goto no_mem;
  }
  assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK || (p->rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY );
  assert( p->bIsReader || p->readOnly!=0 );
  p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  p->iCurrentTime = 0;
  assert( p->explain==0 );
  p->pResultSet = 0;
  db->busyHandler.nBusy = 0;
  if( db->u1.isInterrupted ) goto abort_due_to_interrupt;
................................................................................
    rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
    goto abort_due_to_error;
  }
  pBt = db->aDb[pOp->p1].pBt;

  if( pBt ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, pOp->p2);
    testcase( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT );
    testcase( rc==SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY );
    if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY ){
      p->pc = (int)(pOp - aOp);
      p->rc = rc;
      goto vdbe_return;
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      goto abort_due_to_error;
    }

    if( pOp->p2 && p->usesStmtJournal 

  ** returned if this statement was compiled using the legacy 
  ** sqlite3_prepare() interface. According to the docs, this can only
  ** be one of the values in the first assert() below. Variable p->rc 
  ** contains the value that would be returned if sqlite3_finalize() 
  ** were called on statement p.
  */
  assert( rc==SQLITE_ROW  || rc==SQLITE_DONE   || rc==SQLITE_ERROR 
       || rc==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
  );
  assert( (p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) || p->rc==p->rcApp );
  if( p->isPrepareV2 && rc!=SQLITE_ROW && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
    /* If this statement was prepared using sqlite3_prepare_v2(), and an
    ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
    ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
    */ 

  ** returned if this statement was compiled using the legacy 
  ** sqlite3_prepare() interface. According to the docs, this can only
  ** be one of the values in the first assert() below. Variable p->rc 
  ** contains the value that would be returned if sqlite3_finalize() 
  ** were called on statement p.
  */
  assert( rc==SQLITE_ROW  || rc==SQLITE_DONE   || rc==SQLITE_ERROR 
       || (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
  );
  assert( (p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) || p->rc==p->rcApp );
  if( p->isPrepareV2 && rc!=SQLITE_ROW && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
    /* If this statement was prepared using sqlite3_prepare_v2(), and an
    ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
    ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
    */ 

        CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
        const char *zColl = pColl ? pColl->zName : "nil";
        int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl);
        if( n==6 && memcmp(zColl,"BINARY",6)==0 ){
          zColl = "B";
          n = 1;
        }
        if( i+n>nTemp-6 ){
          memcpy(&zTemp[i],",...",4);

          break;
        }
        zTemp[i++] = ',';
        if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[j] ){
          zTemp[i++] = '-';
        }
        memcpy(&zTemp[i], zColl, n+1);

        CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
        const char *zColl = pColl ? pColl->zName : "nil";
        int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl);
        if( n==6 && memcmp(zColl,"BINARY",6)==0 ){
          zColl = "B";
          n = 1;
        }
        if( i+n>nTemp-7 ){
          memcpy(&zTemp[i],",...",4);
          i += 4;
          break;
        }
        zTemp[i++] = ',';
        if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[j] ){
          zTemp[i++] = '-';
        }
        memcpy(&zTemp[i], zColl, n+1);

      Module *pDel;
      char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
      memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
      pMod->zName = zCopy;
      pMod->pModule = pModule;
      pMod->pAux = pAux;
      pMod->xDestroy = xDestroy;

      pDel = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule,zCopy,(void*)pMod);
      assert( pDel==0 || pDel==pMod );
      if( pDel ){
        db->mallocFailed = 1;
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pDel);
      }
    }
................................................................................
/*
** Add a new module argument to pTable->azModuleArg[].
** The string is not copied - the pointer is stored.  The
** string will be freed automatically when the table is
** deleted.
*/
static void addModuleArgument(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable, char *zArg){
  int i = pTable->nModuleArg++;
  int nBytes = sizeof(char *)*(1+pTable->nModuleArg);
  char **azModuleArg;
  azModuleArg = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pTable->azModuleArg, nBytes);
  if( azModuleArg==0 ){
    int j;
    for(j=0; j<i; j++){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->azModuleArg[j]);
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zArg);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->azModuleArg);
    pTable->nModuleArg = 0;
  }else{

    azModuleArg[i] = zArg;
    azModuleArg[i+1] = 0;
  }
  pTable->azModuleArg = azModuleArg;

}

/*
** The parser calls this routine when it first sees a CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
** statement.  The module name has been parsed, but the optional list
** of parameters that follow the module name are still pending.
*/
................................................................................
  zMod = pTab->azModuleArg[0];
  pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zMod);

  /* If the module has been registered and includes a Create method, 
  ** invoke it now. If the module has not been registered, return an 
  ** error. Otherwise, do nothing.
  */
  if( !pMod ){
    *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such module: %s", zMod);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else{
    rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pMod->pModule->xCreate, pzErr);
  }

  /* Justification of ALWAYS():  The xConstructor method is required to
................................................................................
int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Table *pTab;

  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
  if( ALWAYS(pTab!=0 && pTab->pVTable!=0) ){
    VTable *p;

    for(p=pTab->pVTable; p; p=p->pNext){
      assert( p->pVtab );
      if( p->pVtab->nRef>0 ){
        return SQLITE_LOCKED;
      }
    }
    p = vtabDisconnectAll(db, pTab);
    rc = p->pMod->pModule->xDestroy(p->pVtab);


    /* Remove the sqlite3_vtab* from the aVTrans[] array, if applicable */
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      assert( pTab->pVTable==p && p->pNext==0 );
      p->pVtab = 0;
      pTab->pVTable = 0;
      sqlite3VtabUnlock(p);
    }
................................................................................
  if( apVtabLock ){
    pToplevel->apVtabLock = apVtabLock;
    pToplevel->apVtabLock[pToplevel->nVtabLock++] = pTab;
  }else{
    pToplevel->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }
}






























































/*
** Return the ON CONFLICT resolution mode in effect for the virtual
** table update operation currently in progress.
**
** The results of this routine are undefined unless it is called from
** within an xUpdate method.

      Module *pDel;
      char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
      memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
      pMod->zName = zCopy;
      pMod->pModule = pModule;
      pMod->pAux = pAux;
      pMod->xDestroy = xDestroy;
      pMod->pEpoTab = 0;
      pDel = (Module *)sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aModule,zCopy,(void*)pMod);
      assert( pDel==0 || pDel==pMod );
      if( pDel ){
        db->mallocFailed = 1;
        sqlite3DbFree(db, pDel);
      }
    }
................................................................................
/*
** Add a new module argument to pTable->azModuleArg[].
** The string is not copied - the pointer is stored.  The
** string will be freed automatically when the table is
** deleted.
*/
static void addModuleArgument(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable, char *zArg){

  int nBytes = sizeof(char *)*(2+pTable->nModuleArg);
  char **azModuleArg;
  azModuleArg = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pTable->azModuleArg, nBytes);
  if( azModuleArg==0 ){




    sqlite3DbFree(db, zArg);


  }else{
    int i = pTable->nModuleArg++;
    azModuleArg[i] = zArg;
    azModuleArg[i+1] = 0;

    pTable->azModuleArg = azModuleArg;
  }
}

/*
** The parser calls this routine when it first sees a CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
** statement.  The module name has been parsed, but the optional list
** of parameters that follow the module name are still pending.
*/
................................................................................
  zMod = pTab->azModuleArg[0];
  pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&db->aModule, zMod);

  /* If the module has been registered and includes a Create method, 
  ** invoke it now. If the module has not been registered, return an 
  ** error. Otherwise, do nothing.
  */
  if( pMod==0 || pMod->pModule->xCreate==0 || pMod->pModule->xDestroy==0 ){
    *pzErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "no such module: %s", zMod);
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else{
    rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pMod->pModule->xCreate, pzErr);
  }

  /* Justification of ALWAYS():  The xConstructor method is required to
................................................................................
int sqlite3VtabCallDestroy(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, const char *zTab){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  Table *pTab;

  pTab = sqlite3FindTable(db, zTab, db->aDb[iDb].zName);
  if( ALWAYS(pTab!=0 && pTab->pVTable!=0) ){
    VTable *p;
    int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *);
    for(p=pTab->pVTable; p; p=p->pNext){
      assert( p->pVtab );
      if( p->pVtab->nRef>0 ){
        return SQLITE_LOCKED;
      }
    }
    p = vtabDisconnectAll(db, pTab);
    xDestroy = p->pMod->pModule->xDestroy;
    assert( xDestroy!=0 );  /* Checked before the virtual table is created */
    rc = xDestroy(p->pVtab);
    /* Remove the sqlite3_vtab* from the aVTrans[] array, if applicable */
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      assert( pTab->pVTable==p && p->pNext==0 );
      p->pVtab = 0;
      pTab->pVTable = 0;
      sqlite3VtabUnlock(p);
    }
................................................................................
  if( apVtabLock ){
    pToplevel->apVtabLock = apVtabLock;
    pToplevel->apVtabLock[pToplevel->nVtabLock++] = pTab;
  }else{
    pToplevel->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }
}

/*
** Check to see if virtual tale module pMod can be have an eponymous
** virtual table instance.  If it can, create one if one does not already
** exist. Return non-zero if the eponymous virtual table instance exists
** when this routine returns, and return zero if it does not exist.
**
** An eponymous virtual table instance is one that is named after its
** module, and more importantly, does not require a CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
** statement in order to come into existance.  Eponymous virtual table
** instances always exist.  They cannot be DROP-ed.
**
** Any virtual table module for which xConnect and xCreate are the same
** method can have an eponymous virtual table instance.
*/
int sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(Parse *pParse, Module *pMod){
  const sqlite3_module *pModule = pMod->pModule;
  Table *pTab;
  char *zErr = 0;
  int nName;
  int rc;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  if( pMod->pEpoTab ) return 1;
  if( pModule->xCreate!=0 && pModule->xCreate!=pModule->xConnect ) return 0;
  nName = sqlite3Strlen30(pMod->zName) + 1;
  pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table) + nName);
  if( pTab==0 ) return 0;
  pMod->pEpoTab = pTab;
  pTab->zName = (char*)&pTab[1];
  memcpy(pTab->zName, pMod->zName, nName);
  pTab->nRef = 1;
  pTab->pSchema = db->aDb[0].pSchema;
  pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Virtual;
  pTab->nModuleArg = 0;
  pTab->iPKey = -1;
  addModuleArgument(db, pTab, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName));
  addModuleArgument(db, pTab, 0);
  addModuleArgument(db, pTab, sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName));
  rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pModule->xConnect, &zErr);
  if( rc ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", zErr);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
    sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(db, pMod);
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

/*
** Erase the eponymous virtual table instance associated with
** virtual table module pMod, if it exists.
*/
void sqlite3VtabEponymousTableClear(sqlite3 *db, Module *pMod){
  Table *pTab = pMod->pEpoTab;
  if( (pTab = pMod->pEpoTab)!=0 ){
    sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(db, pTab);
    sqlite3VtabClear(db, pTab);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTab);
    pMod->pEpoTab = 0;
  }
}

/*
** Return the ON CONFLICT resolution mode in effect for the virtual
** table update operation currently in progress.
**
** The results of this routine are undefined unless it is called from
** within an xUpdate method.

  struct SrcList_item *pItem;

  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  if( ALWAYS(pSrc) ){
    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
        return WRC_Abort;





      }
    }
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
} 

/*

  struct SrcList_item *pItem;

  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  if( ALWAYS(pSrc) ){
    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
      if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
       && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
      ){
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
    }
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
} 

/*

/*
** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
** Return NULL if there are no more matching WhereTerms.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
  int iCur;            /* The cursor on the LHS of the term */
  int iColumn;         /* The column on the LHS of the term.  -1 for IPK */
  Expr *pX;            /* An expression being tested */
  WhereClause *pWC;    /* Shorthand for pScan->pWC */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;    /* The term being tested */
  int k = pScan->k;    /* Where to start scanning */

  while( pScan->iEquiv<=pScan->nEquiv ){
    iCur = pScan->aEquiv[pScan->iEquiv-2];
    iColumn = pScan->aEquiv[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    while( (pWC = pScan->pWC)!=0 ){
      for(pTerm=pWC->a+k; k<pWC->nTerm; k++, pTerm++){
        if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
         && pTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn
         && (pScan->iEquiv<=2 || !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
        ){
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)!=0
           && pScan->nEquiv<ArraySize(pScan->aEquiv)
          ){
            int j;
            pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pTerm->pExpr->pRight);
            assert( pX->op==TK_COLUMN );
            for(j=0; j<pScan->nEquiv; j+=2){
              if( pScan->aEquiv[j]==pX->iTable
               && pScan->aEquiv[j+1]==pX->iColumn ){
                  break;
              }
            }
            if( j==pScan->nEquiv ){
              pScan->aEquiv[j] = pX->iTable;
              pScan->aEquiv[j+1] = pX->iColumn;
              pScan->nEquiv += 2;
            }
          }
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & pScan->opMask)!=0 ){
            /* Verify the affinity and collating sequence match */
            if( pScan->zCollName && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL)==0 ){
              CollSeq *pColl;
              Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
................................................................................
              if( pColl==0 ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
              if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pScan->zCollName) ){
                continue;
              }
            }
            if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0
             && (pX = pTerm->pExpr->pRight)->op==TK_COLUMN
             && pX->iTable==pScan->aEquiv[0]
             && pX->iColumn==pScan->aEquiv[1]
            ){
              testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
              continue;
            }
            pScan->k = k+1;
            return pTerm;
          }
................................................................................
        }
      }
      pScan->pWC = pScan->pWC->pOuter;
      k = 0;
    }
    pScan->pWC = pScan->pOrigWC;
    k = 0;
    pScan->iEquiv += 2;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Initialize a WHERE clause scanner object.  Return a pointer to the
** first match.  Return NULL if there are no matches.
................................................................................
    pScan->zCollName = pIdx->azColl[j];
  }else{
    pScan->idxaff = 0;
    pScan->zCollName = 0;
  }
  pScan->opMask = opMask;
  pScan->k = 0;
  pScan->aEquiv[0] = iCur;
  pScan->aEquiv[1] = iColumn;
  pScan->nEquiv = 2;
  pScan->iEquiv = 2;
  return whereScanNext(pScan);
}

/*
** Search for a term in the WHERE clause that is of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** where X is a reference to the iColumn of table iCur and <op> is one of
** the WO_xx operator codes specified by the op parameter.
** Return a pointer to the term.  Return 0 if not found.
**
** The term returned might by Y=<expr> if there is another constraint in
** the WHERE clause that specifies that X=Y.  Any such constraints will be
** identified by the WO_EQUIV bit in the pTerm->eOperator field.  The
** aEquiv[] array holds X and all its equivalents, with each SQL variable
** taking up two slots in aEquiv[].  The first slot is for the cursor number
** and the second is for the column number.  There are 22 slots in aEquiv[]
** so that means we can look for X plus up to 10 other equivalent values.
** Hence a search for X will return <expr> if X=A1 and A1=A2 and A2=A3
** and ... and A9=A10 and A10=<expr>.
**
** If there are multiple terms in the WHERE clause of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** then try for the one with no dependencies on <expr> - in other words where
** <expr> is a constant expression of some kind.  Only return entries of
** the form "X <op> Y" where Y is a column in another table if no terms of
** the form "X <op> <const-expr>" exist.   If no terms with a constant RHS
** exist, try to return a term that does not use WO_EQUIV.
................................................................................
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenAutoindex, pLevel->iIdxCur, nKeyCol+1);
  sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIdx);
  VdbeComment((v, "for %s", pTable->zName));

  /* Fill the automatic index with content */
  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
  pTabItem = &pWC->pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  if( pTabItem->viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    addrTop =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regYield);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "next row of \"%s\"", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
  }else{
    addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pLevel->iTabCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
................................................................................
    pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_PARTIALIDX;
  }
  regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, pLevel->iTabCur, regRecord, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pLevel->iIdxCur, regRecord);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
  if( pPartial ) sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iContinue);
  if( pTabItem->viaCoroutine ){
    translateColumnToCopy(v, addrTop, pLevel->iTabCur, pTabItem->regResult);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
    pTabItem->viaCoroutine = 0;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pLevel->iTabCur, addrTop+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
................................................................................
      nRet += pTerm->truthProb;
    }else if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
      nRet -= 20;        assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
    }
  }
  return nRet;
}















#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
/* 
** This function is called to estimate the number of rows visited by a
** range-scan on a skip-scan index. For example:
**
**   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b, c);
................................................................................
  Index *p = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  int nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int nLower = -1;
  int nUpper = p->nSample+1;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int iCol = p->aiColumn[nEq];
  u8 aff = iCol>=0 ? p->pTable->aCol[iCol].affinity : SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
  CollSeq *pColl;
  
  sqlite3_value *p1 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pLower */
  sqlite3_value *p2 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pUpper */
  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;        /* Value extracted from record */

  pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, p->azColl[nEq]);
................................................................................
      int iLwrIdx = -2;   /* aSample[] for the lower bound */
      int iUprIdx = -1;   /* aSample[] for the upper bound */

      if( pRec ){
        testcase( pRec->nField!=pBuilder->nRecValid );
        pRec->nField = pBuilder->nRecValid;
      }
      if( nEq==p->nKeyCol ){
        aff = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      }else{
        aff = p->pTable->aCol[p->aiColumn[nEq]].affinity;
      }
      /* Determine iLower and iUpper using ($P) only. */
      if( nEq==0 ){
        iLower = 0;
        iUpper = p->nRowEst0;
      }else{
        /* Note: this call could be optimized away - since the same values must 
        ** have been requested when testing key $P in whereEqualScanEst().  */
................................................................................
  /* This is an optimization only. The call to sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue()
  ** below would return the same value.  */
  if( nEq>=p->nColumn ){
    *pnRow = 1;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  aff = p->pTable->aCol[p->aiColumn[nEq-1]].affinity;
  rc = sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(pParse, p, &pRec, pExpr, aff, nEq-1, &bOk);
  pBuilder->pRec = pRec;
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
  if( bOk==0 ) return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
  pBuilder->nRecValid = nEq;

  whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 0, a);
................................................................................
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;

  /* If pBuilder->pOrSet is defined, then only keep track of the costs
  ** and prereqs.
  */
  if( pBuilder->pOrSet!=0 ){

#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED
    u16 n = pBuilder->pOrSet->n;
    int x =
#endif
    whereOrInsert(pBuilder->pOrSet, pTemplate->prereq, pTemplate->rRun,
                                    pTemplate->nOut);
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x8 */
    if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
      sqlite3DebugPrintf(x?"   or-%d:  ":"   or-X:  ", n);
      whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
    }
#endif

    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  /* Look for an existing WhereLoop to replace with pTemplate
  */
  whereLoopAdjustCost(pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
  ppPrev = whereLoopFindLesser(&pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
................................................................................
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;

  assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
  assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)==0 );
  if( pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
    opMask = WO_LT|WO_LE;
  }else if( /*pProbe->tnum<=0 ||*/ (pSrc->jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    opMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE;
  }else{
    opMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS;
  }
  if( pProbe->bUnordered ) opMask &= ~(WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE);

  assert( pNew->u.btree.nEq<pProbe->nColumn );
................................................................................
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  pSrc = pTabList->a + pNew->iTab;
  pTab = pSrc->pTab;
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  assert( !IsVirtual(pSrc->pTab) );

  if( pSrc->pIndex ){
    /* An INDEXED BY clause specifies a particular index to use */
    pProbe = pSrc->pIndex;
  }else if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
    pProbe = pTab->pIndex;
  }else{
    /* There is no INDEXED BY clause.  Create a fake Index object in local
    ** variable sPk to represent the rowid primary key index.  Make this
    ** fake index the first in a chain of Index objects with all of the real
    ** indices to follow */
................................................................................
    sPk.aiRowLogEst = aiRowEstPk;
    sPk.onError = OE_Replace;
    sPk.pTable = pTab;
    sPk.szIdxRow = pTab->szTabRow;
    aiRowEstPk[0] = pTab->nRowLogEst;
    aiRowEstPk[1] = 0;
    pFirst = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
    if( pSrc->notIndexed==0 ){
      /* The real indices of the table are only considered if the
      ** NOT INDEXED qualifier is omitted from the FROM clause */
      sPk.pNext = pFirst;
    }
    pProbe = &sPk;
  }
  rSize = pTab->nRowLogEst;
  rLogSize = estLog(rSize);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
  /* Automatic indexes */
  if( !pBuilder->pOrSet   /* Not part of an OR optimization */
   && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_NO_AUTOINDEX)==0
   && (pWInfo->pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_AutoIndex)!=0
   && pSrc->pIndex==0     /* Has no INDEXED BY clause */
   && !pSrc->notIndexed   /* Has no NOT INDEXED clause */
   && HasRowid(pTab)      /* Is not a WITHOUT ROWID table. (FIXME: Why not?) */
   && !pSrc->isCorrelated /* Not a correlated subquery */
   && !pSrc->isRecursive  /* Not a recursive common table expression. */
  ){
    /* Generate auto-index WhereLoops */
    WhereTerm *pTerm;
    WhereTerm *pWCEnd = pWC->a + pWC->nTerm;
    for(pTerm=pWC->a; rc==SQLITE_OK && pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
      if( pTerm->prereqRight & pNew->maskSelf ) continue;
      if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, 0) ){
................................................................................
    sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(pBuilder->pRec);
    pBuilder->nRecValid = 0;
    pBuilder->pRec = 0;
#endif

    /* If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only that one index is
    ** considered. */
    if( pSrc->pIndex ) break;
  }
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for a table of the join identified by
................................................................................
  /* Loop over the tables in the join, from left to right */
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  whereLoopInit(pNew);
  for(iTab=0, pItem=pTabList->a; pItem<pEnd; iTab++, pItem++){
    Bitmask mUnusable = 0;
    pNew->iTab = iTab;
    pNew->maskSelf = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pItem->iCursor);
    if( ((pItem->jointype|priorJointype) & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){
      /* This condition is true when pItem is the FROM clause term on the
      ** right-hand-side of a LEFT or CROSS JOIN.  */
      mExtra = mPrior;
    }
    priorJointype = pItem->jointype;
    if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
      struct SrcList_item *p;
      for(p=&pItem[1]; p<pEnd; p++){
        if( mUnusable || (p->jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS)) ){
          mUnusable |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, p->iCursor);
        }
      }
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(pBuilder, mExtra, mUnusable);
    }else{
      rc = whereLoopAddBtree(pBuilder, mExtra);
    }
................................................................................
  
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE ) return 0;
  assert( pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc>=1 );
  pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
  pTab = pItem->pTab;
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
  if( pItem->zIndexedBy ) return 0;
  iCur = pItem->iCursor;
  pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  pLoop = pBuilder->pNew;
  pLoop->wsFlags = 0;
  pLoop->nSkip = 0;
  pTerm = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, 0, WO_EQ|WO_IS, 0);
  if( pTerm ){
................................................................................
  ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
  ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
  ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
  ** WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY flag is set.
  */
  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);

  }
#ifndef NDEBUG
  {
    Bitmask toTheLeft = 0;
    for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
      Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
      assert( (m-1)==toTheLeft );
................................................................................
    Bitmask tabUsed = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);
    if( sWLB.pOrderBy ){
      tabUsed |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);
    }
    while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
      WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
      pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
      if( (pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) break;
      if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)==0
       && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
      ){
        break;
      }
      if( (tabUsed & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ) break;
      pEnd = sWLB.pWC->a + sWLB.pWC->nTerm;
................................................................................
    assert( pTab!=0 );
    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;

    /* For a co-routine, change all OP_Column references to the table of
    ** the co-routine into OP_Copy of result contained in a register.
    ** OP_Rowid becomes OP_Null.
    */
    if( pTabItem->viaCoroutine && !db->mallocFailed ){
      translateColumnToCopy(v, pLevel->addrBody, pLevel->iTabCur,
                            pTabItem->regResult);
      continue;
    }

    /* Close all of the cursors that were opened by sqlite3WhereBegin.
    ** Except, do not close cursors that will be reused by the OR optimization

/*
** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
** Return NULL if there are no more matching WhereTerms.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
  int iCur;            /* The cursor on the LHS of the term */
  i16 iColumn;         /* The column on the LHS of the term.  -1 for IPK */
  Expr *pX;            /* An expression being tested */
  WhereClause *pWC;    /* Shorthand for pScan->pWC */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;    /* The term being tested */
  int k = pScan->k;    /* Where to start scanning */

  while( pScan->iEquiv<=pScan->nEquiv ){
    iCur = pScan->aiCur[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    iColumn = pScan->aiColumn[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    while( (pWC = pScan->pWC)!=0 ){
      for(pTerm=pWC->a+k; k<pWC->nTerm; k++, pTerm++){
        if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
         && pTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn
         && (pScan->iEquiv<=1 || !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
        ){
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)!=0
           && pScan->nEquiv<ArraySize(pScan->aiCur)
          ){
            int j;
            pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pTerm->pExpr->pRight);
            assert( pX->op==TK_COLUMN );
            for(j=0; j<pScan->nEquiv; j++){
              if( pScan->aiCur[j]==pX->iTable
               && pScan->aiColumn[j]==pX->iColumn ){
                  break;
              }
            }
            if( j==pScan->nEquiv ){
              pScan->aiCur[j] = pX->iTable;
              pScan->aiColumn[j] = pX->iColumn;
              pScan->nEquiv++;
            }
          }
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & pScan->opMask)!=0 ){
            /* Verify the affinity and collating sequence match */
            if( pScan->zCollName && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL)==0 ){
              CollSeq *pColl;
              Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
................................................................................
              if( pColl==0 ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
              if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pScan->zCollName) ){
                continue;
              }
            }
            if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0
             && (pX = pTerm->pExpr->pRight)->op==TK_COLUMN
             && pX->iTable==pScan->aiCur[0]
             && pX->iColumn==pScan->aiColumn[0]
            ){
              testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
              continue;
            }
            pScan->k = k+1;
            return pTerm;
          }
................................................................................
        }
      }
      pScan->pWC = pScan->pWC->pOuter;
      k = 0;
    }
    pScan->pWC = pScan->pOrigWC;
    k = 0;
    pScan->iEquiv++;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Initialize a WHERE clause scanner object.  Return a pointer to the
** first match.  Return NULL if there are no matches.
................................................................................
    pScan->zCollName = pIdx->azColl[j];
  }else{
    pScan->idxaff = 0;
    pScan->zCollName = 0;
  }
  pScan->opMask = opMask;
  pScan->k = 0;
  pScan->aiCur[0] = iCur;
  pScan->aiColumn[0] = iColumn;
  pScan->nEquiv = 1;
  pScan->iEquiv = 1;
  return whereScanNext(pScan);
}

/*
** Search for a term in the WHERE clause that is of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** where X is a reference to the iColumn of table iCur and <op> is one of
** the WO_xx operator codes specified by the op parameter.
** Return a pointer to the term.  Return 0 if not found.
**
** The term returned might by Y=<expr> if there is another constraint in
** the WHERE clause that specifies that X=Y.  Any such constraints will be
** identified by the WO_EQUIV bit in the pTerm->eOperator field.  The
** aiCur[]/iaColumn[] arrays hold X and all its equivalents. There are 11


** slots in aiCur[]/aiColumn[] so that means we can look for X plus up to 10
** other equivalent values.  Hence a search for X will return <expr> if X=A1
** and A1=A2 and A2=A3 and ... and A9=A10 and A10=<expr>.
**
** If there are multiple terms in the WHERE clause of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** then try for the one with no dependencies on <expr> - in other words where
** <expr> is a constant expression of some kind.  Only return entries of
** the form "X <op> Y" where Y is a column in another table if no terms of
** the form "X <op> <const-expr>" exist.   If no terms with a constant RHS
** exist, try to return a term that does not use WO_EQUIV.
................................................................................
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenAutoindex, pLevel->iIdxCur, nKeyCol+1);
  sqlite3VdbeSetP4KeyInfo(pParse, pIdx);
  VdbeComment((v, "for %s", pTable->zName));

  /* Fill the automatic index with content */
  sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
  pTabItem = &pWC->pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
  if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    addrTop =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, regYield);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "next row of \"%s\"", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
  }else{
    addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, pLevel->iTabCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
................................................................................
    pLoop->wsFlags |= WHERE_PARTIALIDX;
  }
  regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, pLevel->iTabCur, regRecord, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, pLevel->iIdxCur, regRecord);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
  if( pPartial ) sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iContinue);
  if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
    translateColumnToCopy(v, addrTop, pLevel->iTabCur, pTabItem->regResult);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrTop);
    pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine = 0;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, pLevel->iTabCur, addrTop+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX);
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop);
  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
  sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
................................................................................
      nRet += pTerm->truthProb;
    }else if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
      nRet -= 20;        assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
    }
  }
  return nRet;
}


#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
/*
** Return the affinity for a single column of an index.
*/
static char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx, int iCol){
  if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
    if( sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pIdx)==0 ) return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
  }
  return pIdx->zColAff[iCol];
}
#endif


#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
/* 
** This function is called to estimate the number of rows visited by a
** range-scan on a skip-scan index. For example:
**
**   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b, c);
................................................................................
  Index *p = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  int nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int nLower = -1;
  int nUpper = p->nSample+1;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int iCol = p->aiColumn[nEq];
  u8 aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(db, p, iCol);
  CollSeq *pColl;
  
  sqlite3_value *p1 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pLower */
  sqlite3_value *p2 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pUpper */
  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;        /* Value extracted from record */

  pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, p->azColl[nEq]);
................................................................................
      int iLwrIdx = -2;   /* aSample[] for the lower bound */
      int iUprIdx = -1;   /* aSample[] for the upper bound */

      if( pRec ){
        testcase( pRec->nField!=pBuilder->nRecValid );
        pRec->nField = pBuilder->nRecValid;
      }
      aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(pParse->db, p, nEq);
      assert( nEq!=p->nKeyCol || aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );



      /* Determine iLower and iUpper using ($P) only. */
      if( nEq==0 ){
        iLower = 0;
        iUpper = p->nRowEst0;
      }else{
        /* Note: this call could be optimized away - since the same values must 
        ** have been requested when testing key $P in whereEqualScanEst().  */
................................................................................
  /* This is an optimization only. The call to sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue()
  ** below would return the same value.  */
  if( nEq>=p->nColumn ){
    *pnRow = 1;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(pParse->db, p, nEq-1);
  rc = sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(pParse, p, &pRec, pExpr, aff, nEq-1, &bOk);
  pBuilder->pRec = pRec;
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
  if( bOk==0 ) return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
  pBuilder->nRecValid = nEq;

  whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 0, a);
................................................................................
  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;

  /* If pBuilder->pOrSet is defined, then only keep track of the costs
  ** and prereqs.
  */
  if( pBuilder->pOrSet!=0 ){
    if( pTemplate->nLTerm ){
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED
      u16 n = pBuilder->pOrSet->n;
      int x =
#endif
      whereOrInsert(pBuilder->pOrSet, pTemplate->prereq, pTemplate->rRun,
                                    pTemplate->nOut);
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x8 */
      if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
        sqlite3DebugPrintf(x?"   or-%d:  ":"   or-X:  ", n);
        whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
      }
#endif
    }
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  /* Look for an existing WhereLoop to replace with pTemplate
  */
  whereLoopAdjustCost(pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
  ppPrev = whereLoopFindLesser(&pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
................................................................................
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  if( db->mallocFailed ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;

  assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
  assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)==0 );
  if( pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT ){
    opMask = WO_LT|WO_LE;
  }else if( /*pProbe->tnum<=0 ||*/ (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    opMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE;
  }else{
    opMask = WO_EQ|WO_IN|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_ISNULL|WO_IS;
  }
  if( pProbe->bUnordered ) opMask &= ~(WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_LT|WO_LE);

  assert( pNew->u.btree.nEq<pProbe->nColumn );
................................................................................
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  pTabList = pWInfo->pTabList;
  pSrc = pTabList->a + pNew->iTab;
  pTab = pSrc->pTab;
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
  assert( !IsVirtual(pSrc->pTab) );

  if( pSrc->pIBIndex ){
    /* An INDEXED BY clause specifies a particular index to use */
    pProbe = pSrc->pIBIndex;
  }else if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
    pProbe = pTab->pIndex;
  }else{
    /* There is no INDEXED BY clause.  Create a fake Index object in local
    ** variable sPk to represent the rowid primary key index.  Make this
    ** fake index the first in a chain of Index objects with all of the real
    ** indices to follow */
................................................................................
    sPk.aiRowLogEst = aiRowEstPk;
    sPk.onError = OE_Replace;
    sPk.pTable = pTab;
    sPk.szIdxRow = pTab->szTabRow;
    aiRowEstPk[0] = pTab->nRowLogEst;
    aiRowEstPk[1] = 0;
    pFirst = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
    if( pSrc->fg.notIndexed==0 ){
      /* The real indices of the table are only considered if the
      ** NOT INDEXED qualifier is omitted from the FROM clause */
      sPk.pNext = pFirst;
    }
    pProbe = &sPk;
  }
  rSize = pTab->nRowLogEst;
  rLogSize = estLog(rSize);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
  /* Automatic indexes */
  if( !pBuilder->pOrSet      /* Not part of an OR optimization */
   && (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_NO_AUTOINDEX)==0
   && (pWInfo->pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_AutoIndex)!=0
   && pSrc->pIBIndex==0      /* Has no INDEXED BY clause */
   && !pSrc->fg.notIndexed   /* Has no NOT INDEXED clause */
   && HasRowid(pTab)         /* Is not a WITHOUT ROWID table. (FIXME: Why not?) */
   && !pSrc->fg.isCorrelated /* Not a correlated subquery */
   && !pSrc->fg.isRecursive  /* Not a recursive common table expression. */
  ){
    /* Generate auto-index WhereLoops */
    WhereTerm *pTerm;
    WhereTerm *pWCEnd = pWC->a + pWC->nTerm;
    for(pTerm=pWC->a; rc==SQLITE_OK && pTerm<pWCEnd; pTerm++){
      if( pTerm->prereqRight & pNew->maskSelf ) continue;
      if( termCanDriveIndex(pTerm, pSrc, 0) ){
................................................................................
    sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(pBuilder->pRec);
    pBuilder->nRecValid = 0;
    pBuilder->pRec = 0;
#endif

    /* If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only that one index is
    ** considered. */
    if( pSrc->pIBIndex ) break;
  }
  return rc;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/*
** Add all WhereLoop objects for a table of the join identified by
................................................................................
  /* Loop over the tables in the join, from left to right */
  pNew = pBuilder->pNew;
  whereLoopInit(pNew);
  for(iTab=0, pItem=pTabList->a; pItem<pEnd; iTab++, pItem++){
    Bitmask mUnusable = 0;
    pNew->iTab = iTab;
    pNew->maskSelf = sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pItem->iCursor);
    if( ((pItem->fg.jointype|priorJointype) & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0 ){
      /* This condition is true when pItem is the FROM clause term on the
      ** right-hand-side of a LEFT or CROSS JOIN.  */
      mExtra = mPrior;
    }
    priorJointype = pItem->fg.jointype;
    if( IsVirtual(pItem->pTab) ){
      struct SrcList_item *p;
      for(p=&pItem[1]; p<pEnd; p++){
        if( mUnusable || (p->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS)) ){
          mUnusable |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, p->iCursor);
        }
      }
      rc = whereLoopAddVirtual(pBuilder, mExtra, mUnusable);
    }else{
      rc = whereLoopAddBtree(pBuilder, mExtra);
    }
................................................................................
  
  pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_FORCE_TABLE ) return 0;
  assert( pWInfo->pTabList->nSrc>=1 );
  pItem = pWInfo->pTabList->a;
  pTab = pItem->pTab;
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;
  if( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy ) return 0;
  iCur = pItem->iCursor;
  pWC = &pWInfo->sWC;
  pLoop = pBuilder->pNew;
  pLoop->wsFlags = 0;
  pLoop->nSkip = 0;
  pTerm = sqlite3WhereFindTerm(pWC, iCur, -1, 0, WO_EQ|WO_IS, 0);
  if( pTerm ){
................................................................................
  ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
  ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
  ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
  ** WHERE_ONETABLE_ONLY flag is set.
  */
  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
    sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(pParse, &pTabList->a[ii], &pWInfo->sWC);
  }
#ifndef NDEBUG
  {
    Bitmask toTheLeft = 0;
    for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
      Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
      assert( (m-1)==toTheLeft );
................................................................................
    Bitmask tabUsed = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);
    if( sWLB.pOrderBy ){
      tabUsed |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);
    }
    while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
      WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
      pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
      if( (pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) break;
      if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)==0
       && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
      ){
        break;
      }
      if( (tabUsed & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ) break;
      pEnd = sWLB.pWC->a + sWLB.pWC->nTerm;
................................................................................
    assert( pTab!=0 );
    pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;

    /* For a co-routine, change all OP_Column references to the table of
    ** the co-routine into OP_Copy of result contained in a register.
    ** OP_Rowid becomes OP_Null.
    */
    if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine && !db->mallocFailed ){
      translateColumnToCopy(v, pLevel->addrBody, pLevel->iTabCur,
                            pTabItem->regResult);
      continue;
    }

    /* Close all of the cursors that were opened by sqlite3WhereBegin.
    ** Except, do not close cursors that will be reused by the OR optimization

  WhereClause *pWC;          /* WhereClause currently being scanned */
  char *zCollName;           /* Required collating sequence, if not NULL */
  char idxaff;               /* Must match this affinity, if zCollName!=NULL */
  unsigned char nEquiv;      /* Number of entries in aEquiv[] */
  unsigned char iEquiv;      /* Next unused slot in aEquiv[] */
  u32 opMask;                /* Acceptable operators */
  int k;                     /* Resume scanning at this->pWC->a[this->k] */
  int aEquiv[22];            /* Cursor,Column pairs for equivalence classes */

};

/*
** An instance of the following structure holds all information about a
** WHERE clause.  Mostly this is a container for one or more WhereTerms.
**
** Explanation of pOuter:  For a WHERE clause of the form
................................................................................
/* whereexpr.c: */
void sqlite3WhereClauseInit(WhereClause*,WhereInfo*);
void sqlite3WhereClauseClear(WhereClause*);
void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause*,Expr*,u8);
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsage(WhereMaskSet*, Expr*);
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(WhereMaskSet*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*);






/*
** Bitmasks for the operators on WhereTerm objects.  These are all

  WhereClause *pWC;          /* WhereClause currently being scanned */
  char *zCollName;           /* Required collating sequence, if not NULL */
  char idxaff;               /* Must match this affinity, if zCollName!=NULL */
  unsigned char nEquiv;      /* Number of entries in aEquiv[] */
  unsigned char iEquiv;      /* Next unused slot in aEquiv[] */
  u32 opMask;                /* Acceptable operators */
  int k;                     /* Resume scanning at this->pWC->a[this->k] */
  int aiCur[11];             /* Cursors in the equivalence class */
  i16 aiColumn[11];          /* Corresponding column number in the eq-class */
};

/*
** An instance of the following structure holds all information about a
** WHERE clause.  Mostly this is a container for one or more WhereTerms.
**
** Explanation of pOuter:  For a WHERE clause of the form
................................................................................
/* whereexpr.c: */
void sqlite3WhereClauseInit(WhereClause*,WhereInfo*);
void sqlite3WhereClauseClear(WhereClause*);
void sqlite3WhereSplit(WhereClause*,Expr*,u8);
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprUsage(WhereMaskSet*, Expr*);
Bitmask sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(WhereMaskSet*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(SrcList*, WhereClause*);
void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(Parse*, struct SrcList_item*, WhereClause*);





/*
** Bitmasks for the operators on WhereTerm objects.  These are all

  /* Figure out how many memory cells we will need then allocate them.
  */
  regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
  nReg = pLoop->u.btree.nEq + nExtraReg;
  pParse->nMem += nReg;

  zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db, sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(v, pIdx));
  if( !zAff ){
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }

  if( nSkip ){
    int iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (bRev?OP_Last:OP_Rewind), iIdxCur);
................................................................................
  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

  /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
  ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
  ** row of the left table of the join.
  */
  if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
  }

  /* Special case of a FROM clause subquery implemented as a co-routine */
  if( pTabItem->viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    pLevel->p2 =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regYield, addrBrk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "next row of \"%s\"", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
    pLevel->op = OP_Goto;
  }else
................................................................................
  {
    /* Case 6:  There is no usable index.  We must do a complete
    **          scan of the entire table.
    */
    static const u8 aStep[] = { OP_Next, OP_Prev };
    static const u8 aStart[] = { OP_Rewind, OP_Last };
    assert( bRev==0 || bRev==1 );
    if( pTabItem->isRecursive ){
      /* Tables marked isRecursive have only a single row that is stored in
      ** a pseudo-cursor.  No need to Rewind or Next such cursors. */
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = aStep[bRev];
      pLevel->p1 = iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, aStart[bRev], iCur, addrBrk);

  /* Figure out how many memory cells we will need then allocate them.
  */
  regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
  nReg = pLoop->u.btree.nEq + nExtraReg;
  pParse->nMem += nReg;

  zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db,sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db,pIdx));
  if( !zAff ){
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }

  if( nSkip ){
    int iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (bRev?OP_Last:OP_Rewind), iIdxCur);
................................................................................
  addrBrk = pLevel->addrBrk = pLevel->addrNxt = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
  addrCont = pLevel->addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);

  /* If this is the right table of a LEFT OUTER JOIN, allocate and
  ** initialize a memory cell that records if this table matches any
  ** row of the left table of the join.
  */
  if( pLevel->iFrom>0 && (pTabItem[0].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
    pLevel->iLeftJoin = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, pLevel->iLeftJoin);
    VdbeComment((v, "init LEFT JOIN no-match flag"));
  }

  /* Special case of a FROM clause subquery implemented as a co-routine */
  if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
    int regYield = pTabItem->regReturn;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, pTabItem->addrFillSub);
    pLevel->p2 =  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Yield, regYield, addrBrk);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    VdbeComment((v, "next row of \"%s\"", pTabItem->pTab->zName));
    pLevel->op = OP_Goto;
  }else
................................................................................
  {
    /* Case 6:  There is no usable index.  We must do a complete
    **          scan of the entire table.
    */
    static const u8 aStep[] = { OP_Next, OP_Prev };
    static const u8 aStart[] = { OP_Rewind, OP_Last };
    assert( bRev==0 || bRev==1 );
    if( pTabItem->fg.isRecursive ){
      /* Tables marked isRecursive have only a single row that is stored in
      ** a pseudo-cursor.  No need to Rewind or Next such cursors. */
      pLevel->op = OP_Noop;
    }else{
      pLevel->op = aStep[bRev];
      pLevel->p1 = iCur;
      pLevel->p2 = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, aStart[bRev], iCur, addrBrk);

  WhereClause *pWC         /* the WHERE clause to be analyzed */
){
  int i;
  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--){
    exprAnalyze(pTabList, pWC, i);
  }
}

  WhereClause *pWC         /* the WHERE clause to be analyzed */
){
  int i;
  for(i=pWC->nTerm-1; i>=0; i--){
    exprAnalyze(pTabList, pWC, i);
  }
}

/*
** For table-valued-functions, transform the function arguments into
** new WHERE clause terms.  
**
** Each function argument translates into an equality constraint against
** a HIDDEN column in the table.
*/
void sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(
  Parse *pParse,                    /* Parsing context */
  struct SrcList_item *pItem,       /* The FROM clause term to process */
  WhereClause *pWC                  /* Xfer function arguments to here */
){
  Table *pTab;
  int j, k;
  ExprList *pArgs;
  Expr *pColRef;
  Expr *pTerm;
  if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 ) return;
  pTab = pItem->pTab;
  assert( pTab!=0 );
  pArgs = pItem->u1.pFuncArg;
  assert( pArgs!=0 );
  for(j=k=0; j<pArgs->nExpr; j++){
    while( k<pTab->nCol && (pTab->aCol[k].colFlags & COLFLAG_HIDDEN)==0 ){ k++; }
    if( k>=pTab->nCol ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on %s() - max %d",
                      pTab->zName, j);
      return;
    }
    pColRef = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
    if( pColRef==0 ) return;
    pColRef->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
    pColRef->iColumn = k++;
    pColRef->pTab = pTab;
    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pColRef,
                         sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pArgs->a[j].pExpr, 0), 0);
    whereClauseInsert(pWC, pTerm, TERM_DYNAMIC);
  }
}

  CREATE TABLE x2(b NOT NULL);
  CREATE TABLE x3(c, d);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('a', NULL);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('b', NULL);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('c', NULL);
  SELECT * FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 JOIN x3 WHERE x3.d = x2.b;
} {}
























finish_test

  CREATE TABLE x2(b NOT NULL);
  CREATE TABLE x3(c, d);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('a', NULL);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('b', NULL);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('c', NULL);
  SELECT * FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 JOIN x3 WHERE x3.d = x2.b;
} {}

# Ticket https://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview/c2a19d81652f40568c770c43 on
# 2015-08-20.  LEFT JOIN and the push-down optimization.
#
do_execsql_test join6-4.1 {
  SELECT *
  FROM (
      SELECT 'apple' fruit
      UNION ALL SELECT 'banana'
  ) a
  JOIN (
      SELECT 'apple' fruit
      UNION ALL SELECT 'banana'
  ) b ON a.fruit=b.fruit
  LEFT JOIN (
      SELECT 1 isyellow
  ) c ON b.fruit='banana';
} {apple apple {} banana banana 1}
do_execsql_test join6-4.2 {
  SELECT *
    FROM (SELECT 'apple' fruit UNION ALL SELECT 'banana')
         LEFT JOIN (SELECT 1) ON fruit='banana';
} {apple {} banana 1}

finish_test

# 2015-08-12
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements tests for JSON SQL functions extension to the
# SQLite library.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

load_static_extension db json
do_execsql_test json1-1.1 {
  SELECT json_array(1,2.5,null,'hello');
} {[1,2.5,null,"hello"]}
do_execsql_test json1-1.2 {
  SELECT hex(json_array('String "\ Test'));
} {5B22537472696E67205C225C5C2054657374225D}
do_catchsql_test json1-1.3 {
  SELECT json_array(1,2,x'abcd',3);
} {1 {JSON cannot hold BLOB values}}
do_execsql_test json1-1.4 {
  SELECT json_array(-9223372036854775808,9223372036854775807,0,1,-1,
                    0.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1e99, +2e100,
                    'one','two','three',
                    4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
                    19, NULL, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
                    'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
                    'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
                    'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
                    99);
} {[-9223372036854775808,9223372036854775807,0,1,-1,0.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0e+99,2.0e+100,"one","two","three",4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,null,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ","abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ","abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",99]}

do_execsql_test json1-2.1 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,'b',2.5,'c',null,'d','String Test');
} {{{"a":1,"b":2.5,"c":null,"d":"String Test"}}}
do_catchsql_test json1-2.2 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,2,2.5);
} {1 {json_object() labels must be TEXT}}
do_catchsql_test json1-2.3 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,'b');
} {1 {json_object() requires an even number of arguments}}
do_catchsql_test json1-2.4 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,'b',x'abcd');
} {1 {JSON cannot hold BLOB values}}

do_execsql_test json1-3.1 {
  SELECT json_replace('{"a":1,"b":2}','$.a','[3,4,5]');
} {{{"a":"[3,4,5]","b":2}}}
do_execsql_test json1-3.2 {
  SELECT json_replace('{"a":1,"b":2}','$$.a','[3,4,5]');
} {{{"a":[3,4,5],"b":2}}}
do_execsql_test json1-3.3 {
  SELECT json_type(json_set('{"a":1,"b":2}','$.b','{"x":3,"y":4}'),'$.b');
} {text}
do_execsql_test json1-3.4 {
  SELECT json_type(json_set('{"a":1,"b":2}','$$.b','{"x":3,"y":4}'),'$.b');
} {object}

do_execsql_test json1-4.1 {
  SELECT json_check('  [  1,   2]   ');
} {[1,2]}
do_catchsql_test json1-4.2 {
  SELECT json_check('  [  1,   2    ');
} {1 {malformed JSON}}

finish_test

# 2015-08-26
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
# 
# This file seeks to verify that expressions (and especially functions)
# that are in both the ORDER BY clause and the result set are only
# evaluated once.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix orderby9


do_execsql_test setup {
  -- create a table with many entries
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  WITH RECURSIVE
     c(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<100)
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT x FROM c;
}
do_test 1.0 {
  set l1 {}
  # If random() is only evaluated once and then reused for each row, then
  # the output should appear in sorted order.  If random() is evaluated 
  # separately for the result set and the ORDER BY clause, then the output
  # order will be random.
  db eval {SELECT random() AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY 1;} {lappend l1 $y}
  expr {$l1==[lsort -int $l1]}
} {1}

do_test 1.1 {
  set l1 {}
  db eval {SELECT random() AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY random();} {lappend l1 $y}
  expr {$l1==[lsort -int $l1]}
} {1}

do_test 1.2 {
  set l1 {}
  db eval {SELECT random() AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY +random();} {lappend l1 $y}
  expr {$l1==[lsort -int $l1]}
} {0}

finish_test

# 2014-08-24
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
# The focus of this script is testing details of the SQL language parser.
# 

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_catchsql_test parser1-1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b COLLATE nocase DESC) REFERENCES t1(a COLLATE binary ASC)
  );
} {1 {syntax error after column name "b"}}


# Verify that a legacy schema in the sqlite_master file is allowed to have
# COLLATE, ASC, and DESC keywords on the id list of a FK constraint, and that
# those keywords are silently ignored.
#
do_execsql_test parser1-1.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b) REFERENCES t1(a)
  );
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc',NULL),('xyz','abc');
  PRAGMA writable_schema=on;
  UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql='CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b COLLATE nocase) REFERENCES t1(a)
  )' WHERE name='t1';
  SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql LIKE '%collate%';
} {t1}
sqlite3 db2 test.db
do_test parser1-1.3 {
  sqlite3 db2 test.db
  db2 eval {SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY 1}
} {abc {} xyz abc}
db2 close

do_execsql_test parser1-1.4 {
  UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql='CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b ASC) REFERENCES t1(a)
  )' WHERE name='t1';
  SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql LIKE '%ASC%';
} {t1}
sqlite3 db2 test.db
do_test parser1-1.5 {
  sqlite3 db2 test.db
  db2 eval {SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY 1}
} {abc {} xyz abc}
db2 close

do_catchsql_test parser1-2.1 {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    c(x COLLATE binary) AS (VALUES(1) UNION SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<5)
  SELECT x FROM c;
} {1 {syntax error after column name "x"}}
do_catchsql_test parser1-2.2 {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    c(x ASC) AS (VALUES(1) UNION SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<5)
  SELECT x FROM c;
} {1 {syntax error after column name "x"}}

finish_test

    if {0==[info exists ::Configs($v)]} {
      puts stderr "No such configuration: \"$v\""
      exit -1
    }
  }
}

















# Open the file $logfile and look for a report on the number of errors
# and the number of test cases run.  Add these values to the global
# $::NERRCASE and $::NTESTCASE variables.
#
# If any errors occur, then write into $errmsgVar the text of an appropriate
# one-line error message to show on the output.
#
................................................................................
    append opts " -DSQLITE_OS_WIN=1"
  } else {
    append opts " -DSQLITE_OS_UNIX=1"
  }

  if {!$::TRACE} {
    set n [string length $title]
    puts -nonewline "${title}[string repeat . [expr {63-$n}]]"
    flush stdout
  }

  set rc 0
  set tm1 [clock seconds]
  set origdir [pwd]
  trace_cmd file mkdir $dir
................................................................................

  if {!$::TRACE} {
    set hours [expr {($tm2-$tm1)/3600}]
    set minutes [expr {(($tm2-$tm1)/60)%60}]
    set seconds [expr {($tm2-$tm1)%60}]
    set tm [format (%02d:%02d:%02d) $hours $minutes $seconds]
    if {$rc} {
      puts " FAIL $tm"
      incr ::NERR
    } else {
      puts " Ok   $tm"
    }
    if {$errmsg!=""} {puts "     $errmsg"}
  }
}

# The following procedure returns the "configure" command to be exectued for
# the current platform, which may be Windows (via MinGW, etc).
#
proc configureCommand {opts} {
................................................................................

# The following procedure prints its arguments if ::TRACE is true.
# And it executes the command of its arguments in the calling context
# if ::DRYRUN is false.
#
proc trace_cmd {args} {
  if {$::TRACE} {
    puts $args
  }
  if {!$::DRYRUN} {
    uplevel 1 $args
  }
}


................................................................................
      }

      -trace {
        set ::TRACE 1
      }

      -info {
        puts "Command-line Options:"
        puts "   --srcdir $::SRCDIR"
        puts "   --platform [list $platform]"
        puts "   --config [list $config]"
        if {$::QUICK} {
          if {$::QUICK==1} {puts "   --quick"}
          if {$::QUICK==2} {puts "   --veryquick"}
        }
        if {$::MSVC}      {puts "   --msvc"}
        if {$::BUILDONLY} {puts "   --buildonly"}
        if {$::DRYRUN}    {puts "   --dryrun"}
        if {$::TRACE}     {puts "   --trace"}
        puts "\nAvailable --platform options:"
        foreach y [lsort [array names ::Platforms]] {
          puts "   [list $y]"
        }
        puts "\nAvailable --config options:"
        foreach y [lsort [array names ::Configs]] {
          puts "   [list $y]"
        }
        exit
      }

      -g {
        if {$::MSVC} {
          lappend ::EXTRACONFIG -Zi
................................................................................
      -enable-* -
      -disable-* -
      *=* {
        lappend ::EXTRACONFIG [lindex $argv $i]
      }

      default {
        puts stderr ""
        puts stderr [string trim $::USAGE_MESSAGE]
        exit -1
      }
    }
  }

  if {0==[info exists ::Platforms($platform)]} {
    puts "Unknown platform: $platform"
    puts -nonewline "Set the -platform option to "
    set print [list]
    foreach p [array names ::Platforms] {
      lappend print "\"$p\""
    }
    lset print end "or [lindex $print end]"
    puts "[join $print {, }]."
    exit
  }

  if {$config!=""} {
    if {[llength $config]==1} {lappend config fulltest}
    set ::CONFIGLIST $config
  } else {
    set ::CONFIGLIST $::Platforms($platform)
  }
  puts "Running the following test configurations for $platform:"
  puts "    [string trim $::CONFIGLIST]"
  puts -nonewline "Flags:"
  if {$::DRYRUN} {puts -nonewline " --dryrun"}
  if {$::BUILDONLY} {puts -nonewline " --buildonly"}
  if {$::MSVC} {puts -nonewline " --msvc"}
  switch -- $::QUICK {
     1 {puts -nonewline " --quick"}
     2 {puts -nonewline " --veryquick"}
  }
  puts ""
}

# Main routine.
#
proc main {argv} {

  # Process any command line options.
  set ::EXTRACONFIG {}
  process_options $argv
  puts [string repeat * 79]

  set ::NERR 0
  set ::NTEST 0
  set ::NTESTCASE 0
  set ::NERRCASE 0
  set ::SQLITE_VERSION {}
  set STARTTIME [clock seconds]
  foreach {zConfig target} $::CONFIGLIST {
    if {$::MSVC && ($zConfig eq "Sanitize" || "checksymbols" in $target
           || "valgrindtest" in $target)} {
      puts "Skipping $zConfig / $target for MSVC..."
      continue
    }
    if {$target ne "checksymbols"} {
      switch -- $::QUICK {
         1 {set target quicktest}
         2 {set target smoketest}
      }
................................................................................
  }

  set elapsetime [expr {[clock seconds]-$STARTTIME}]
  set hr [expr {$elapsetime/3600}]
  set min [expr {($elapsetime/60)%60}]
  set sec [expr {$elapsetime%60}]
  set etime [format (%02d:%02d:%02d) $hr $min $sec]
  puts [string repeat * 79]
  puts "$::NERRCASE failures out of $::NTESTCASE tests in $etime"
  if {$::SQLITE_VERSION ne ""} {
    puts "SQLite $::SQLITE_VERSION"
  }
}

main $argv

    if {0==[info exists ::Configs($v)]} {
      puts stderr "No such configuration: \"$v\""
      exit -1
    }
  }
}

# Output log
#
set LOG [open releasetest-out.txt w]
proc PUTS {args} {
  if {[llength $args]==2} {
    puts [lindex $args 0] [lindex $args 1]
    puts [lindex $args 0] $::LOG [lindex $args 1]
  } else {
    puts [lindex $args 0]
    puts $::LOG [lindex $args 0]
  }
}
puts $LOG "$argv0 $argv"
set tm0 [clock format [clock seconds] -format {%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S} -gmt 1]
puts $LOG "start-time: $tm0 UTC"

# Open the file $logfile and look for a report on the number of errors
# and the number of test cases run.  Add these values to the global
# $::NERRCASE and $::NTESTCASE variables.
#
# If any errors occur, then write into $errmsgVar the text of an appropriate
# one-line error message to show on the output.
#
................................................................................
    append opts " -DSQLITE_OS_WIN=1"
  } else {
    append opts " -DSQLITE_OS_UNIX=1"
  }

  if {!$::TRACE} {
    set n [string length $title]
    PUTS -nonewline "${title}[string repeat . [expr {63-$n}]]"
    flush stdout
  }

  set rc 0
  set tm1 [clock seconds]
  set origdir [pwd]
  trace_cmd file mkdir $dir
................................................................................

  if {!$::TRACE} {
    set hours [expr {($tm2-$tm1)/3600}]
    set minutes [expr {(($tm2-$tm1)/60)%60}]
    set seconds [expr {($tm2-$tm1)%60}]
    set tm [format (%02d:%02d:%02d) $hours $minutes $seconds]
    if {$rc} {
      PUTS " FAIL $tm"
      incr ::NERR
    } else {
      PUTS " Ok   $tm"
    }
    if {$errmsg!=""} {PUTS "     $errmsg"}
  }
}

# The following procedure returns the "configure" command to be exectued for
# the current platform, which may be Windows (via MinGW, etc).
#
proc configureCommand {opts} {
................................................................................

# The following procedure prints its arguments if ::TRACE is true.
# And it executes the command of its arguments in the calling context
# if ::DRYRUN is false.
#
proc trace_cmd {args} {
  if {$::TRACE} {
    PUTS $args
  }
  if {!$::DRYRUN} {
    uplevel 1 $args
  }
}


................................................................................
      }

      -trace {
        set ::TRACE 1
      }

      -info {
        PUTS "Command-line Options:"
        PUTS "   --srcdir $::SRCDIR"
        PUTS "   --platform [list $platform]"
        PUTS "   --config [list $config]"
        if {$::QUICK} {
          if {$::QUICK==1} {PUTS "   --quick"}
          if {$::QUICK==2} {PUTS "   --veryquick"}
        }
        if {$::MSVC}      {PUTS "   --msvc"}
        if {$::BUILDONLY} {PUTS "   --buildonly"}
        if {$::DRYRUN}    {PUTS "   --dryrun"}
        if {$::TRACE}     {PUTS "   --trace"}
        PUTS "\nAvailable --platform options:"
        foreach y [lsort [array names ::Platforms]] {
          PUTS "   [list $y]"
        }
        PUTS "\nAvailable --config options:"
        foreach y [lsort [array names ::Configs]] {
          PUTS "   [list $y]"
        }
        exit
      }

      -g {
        if {$::MSVC} {
          lappend ::EXTRACONFIG -Zi
................................................................................
      -enable-* -
      -disable-* -
      *=* {
        lappend ::EXTRACONFIG [lindex $argv $i]
      }

      default {
        PUTS stderr ""
        PUTS stderr [string trim $::USAGE_MESSAGE]
        exit -1
      }
    }
  }

  if {0==[info exists ::Platforms($platform)]} {
    PUTS "Unknown platform: $platform"
    PUTS -nonewline "Set the -platform option to "
    set print [list]
    foreach p [array names ::Platforms] {
      lappend print "\"$p\""
    }
    lset print end "or [lindex $print end]"
    PUTS "[join $print {, }]."
    exit
  }

  if {$config!=""} {
    if {[llength $config]==1} {lappend config fulltest}
    set ::CONFIGLIST $config
  } else {
    set ::CONFIGLIST $::Platforms($platform)
  }
  PUTS "Running the following test configurations for $platform:"
  PUTS "    [string trim $::CONFIGLIST]"
  PUTS -nonewline "Flags:"
  if {$::DRYRUN} {PUTS -nonewline " --dryrun"}
  if {$::BUILDONLY} {PUTS -nonewline " --buildonly"}
  if {$::MSVC} {PUTS -nonewline " --msvc"}
  switch -- $::QUICK {
     1 {PUTS -nonewline " --quick"}
     2 {PUTS -nonewline " --veryquick"}
  }
  PUTS ""
}

# Main routine.
#
proc main {argv} {

  # Process any command line options.
  set ::EXTRACONFIG {}
  process_options $argv
  PUTS [string repeat * 79]

  set ::NERR 0
  set ::NTEST 0
  set ::NTESTCASE 0
  set ::NERRCASE 0
  set ::SQLITE_VERSION {}
  set STARTTIME [clock seconds]
  foreach {zConfig target} $::CONFIGLIST {
    if {$::MSVC && ($zConfig eq "Sanitize" || "checksymbols" in $target
           || "valgrindtest" in $target)} {
      PUTS "Skipping $zConfig / $target for MSVC..."
      continue
    }
    if {$target ne "checksymbols"} {
      switch -- $::QUICK {
         1 {set target quicktest}
         2 {set target smoketest}
      }
................................................................................
  }

  set elapsetime [expr {[clock seconds]-$STARTTIME}]
  set hr [expr {$elapsetime/3600}]
  set min [expr {($elapsetime/60)%60}]
  set sec [expr {$elapsetime%60}]
  set etime [format (%02d:%02d:%02d) $hr $min $sec]
  PUTS [string repeat * 79]
  PUTS "$::NERRCASE failures out of $::NTESTCASE tests in $etime"
  if {$::SQLITE_VERSION ne ""} {
    PUTS "SQLite $::SQLITE_VERSION"
  }
}

main $argv

# 2012 July 12
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix spellfix2

ifcapable !vtab { finish_test ; return }
load_static_extension db spellfix nextchar

do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE demo USING spellfix1;
  INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdam');
  INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdammetje');
  INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdamania');
  INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdamweg');
  INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdamsestraat');
  INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdamlaan');
}

do_execsql_test 1.1 {
  SELECT word, distance, matchlen FROM demo 
  WHERE word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND top=3;
} {
   amsterdam      100 9
   amsterdammetje 100 9
   amsterdamania  100 9
}

do_execsql_test 1.2 {
  SELECT word, distance, matchlen FROM demo WHERE 
  word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND top=3 AND distance <= 100;
} {
   amsterdam      100 9
   amsterdammetje 100 9
   amsterdamania  100 9
}

do_execsql_test 1.3 {
  SELECT word, distance, matchlen FROM demo WHERE 
  word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND distance <= 100;
} {
   amsterdam         100 9
   amsterdammetje    100 9
   amsterdamania     100 9
   amsterdamweg      100 9
   amsterdamsestraat 100 9
   amsterdamlaan     100 9
}

do_test 1.4 {
  foreach l {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} {
    execsql { INSERT INTO demo(word) VALUES ('amsterdam' || $l) }
  }
} {}

do_execsql_test 1.5 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM demo WHERE word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND distance <= 100;
  SELECT count(*) FROM demo 
  WHERE word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND distance <= 100 AND top=20;
} {
  32 20
}

do_execsql_test 1.6 {
  SELECT word, distance, matchlen FROM demo 
  WHERE word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND distance <= 100;
} {
  amsterdam         100 9        amsterdamh        100 9
  amsterdamm        100 9        amsterdamn        100 9
  amsterdama        100 9        amsterdame        100 9
  amsterdami        100 9        amsterdamo        100 9
  amsterdamu        100 9        amsterdamy        100 9
  amsterdammetje    100 9        amsterdamania     100 9
  amsterdamb        100 9        amsterdamf        100 9
  amsterdamp        100 9        amsterdamv        100 9
  amsterdamw        100 9        amsterdamweg      100 9
  amsterdamc        100 9        amsterdamg        100 9
  amsterdamj        100 9        amsterdamk        100 9
  amsterdamq        100 9        amsterdams        100 9
  amsterdamx        100 9        amsterdamz        100 9
  amsterdamsestraat 100 9        amsterdamd        100 9
  amsterdamt        100 9        amsterdaml        100 9
  amsterdamlaan     100 9        amsterdamr        100 9
}

do_execsql_test 1.7 {
  SELECT word, distance, matchlen FROM demo 
  WHERE word MATCH 'amstedam*' AND distance <= 100 AND top=20;
} {
  amsterdam         100 9        amsterdamh        100 9
  amsterdamm        100 9        amsterdamn        100 9
  amsterdama        100 9        amsterdame        100 9
  amsterdami        100 9        amsterdamo        100 9
  amsterdamu        100 9        amsterdamy        100 9
  amsterdammetje    100 9        amsterdamania     100 9
  amsterdamb        100 9        amsterdamf        100 9
  amsterdamp        100 9        amsterdamv        100 9
  amsterdamw        100 9        amsterdamweg      100 9
  amsterdamc        100 9        amsterdamg        100 9
}


finish_test

# 2015-08-19
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# 
# This file implements tests for table-valued-functions implemented using
# eponymous virtual tables.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix tabfunc01

ifcapable !vtab {
  finish_test
  return
}
load_static_extension db series

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.1 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM generate_series WHERE start=1 AND stop=9 AND step=2;
} {1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 |}
do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.2 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM generate_series LIMIT 5;
} {0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |}
do_catchsql_test tabfunc01-1.3 {
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING generate_series;
} {1 {no such module: generate_series}}
do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.4 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,9,2);
} {1 3 5 7 9}
do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.5 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,9);
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}
do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.6 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,10) WHERE step=3;
} {1 4 7 10}
do_catchsql_test tabfunc01-1.7 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series(1,9,2,11);
} {1 {too many arguments on generate_series() - max 3}}

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.8 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series(0,32,5) ORDER BY rowid DESC;
} {30 25 20 15 10 5 0}
do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.9 {
  SELECT rowid, * FROM generate_series(0,32,5) ORDER BY value DESC;
} {1 30 2 25 3 20 4 15 5 10 6 5 7 0}
do_execsql_test tabfunc01-1.10 {
  SELECT rowid, * FROM generate_series(0,32,5) ORDER BY +value DESC;
} {7 30 6 25 5 20 4 15 3 10 2 5 1 0}

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-2.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1(x) VALUES(2),(3);
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1, generate_series(1,x) ORDER BY 1, 2
} {2 1 | 2 2 | 3 1 | 3 2 | 3 3 |}

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series() LIMIT 5;
} {0 1 2 3 4}

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-3.1 {
  SELECT DISTINCT value FROM generate_series(1,x), t1 ORDER BY 1;
} {1 2 3}


finish_test

} {xyz 2 pqr 7 c-b 1}
do_test view-3.3.2 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v1b AS SELECT t1.a, b+c, t1.c FROM t1;
    SELECT * FROM v1b LIMIT 1
  }
} {a 2 b+c 7 c 4}










ifcapable compound {
do_test  view-3.4 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v3 AS SELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t1 ORDER BY b;
    SELECT * FROM v3 LIMIT 4;
  }
................................................................................
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM v6 ORDER BY xyz;
  }
} {7 2 13 5 19 8 27 12}
do_test view-8.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE VIEW v7 AS SELECT pqr+xyz AS a FROM v6;
    SELECT * FROM v7 ORDER BY a;
  }
} {9 18 27 39}

ifcapable subquery {
  do_test view-8.4 {
    execsql {

} {xyz 2 pqr 7 c-b 1}
do_test view-3.3.2 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v1b AS SELECT t1.a, b+c, t1.c FROM t1;
    SELECT * FROM v1b LIMIT 1
  }
} {a 2 b+c 7 c 4}
do_test view-3.3.3 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v1c(x,y,z) AS SELECT a, b+c, c-b FROM t1;
    SELECT * FROM v1c LIMIT 1;
  }
} {x 2 y 7 z 1}
do_catchsql_test view-3.3.4 {
  CREATE VIEW v1err(x,y DESC,z) AS SELECT a, b+c, c-b FROM t1;
} {1 {syntax error after column name "y"}}

ifcapable compound {
do_test  view-3.4 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v3 AS SELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t1 ORDER BY b;
    SELECT * FROM v3 LIMIT 4;
  }
................................................................................
  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM v6 ORDER BY xyz;
  }
} {7 2 13 5 19 8 27 12}
do_test view-8.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE VIEW v7(a) AS SELECT pqr+xyz FROM v6;
    SELECT * FROM v7 ORDER BY a;
  }
} {9 18 27 39}

ifcapable subquery {
  do_test view-8.4 {
    execsql {

do_test where2-6.3 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR w=100 OR 6=+w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 99 6 10000 10006 100 6 10201 10207 sort t1 *}
do_test where2-6.4 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR +w=100 OR 6=w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 99 6 10000 10006 100 6 10201 10207 sort t1 *}






set ::idx {}
ifcapable subquery {set ::idx i1zyx}
do_test where2-6.5 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT b.* FROM t1 a, t1 b
     WHERE a.w=1 AND (a.y=b.z OR b.z=10)

do_test where2-6.3 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR w=100 OR 6=+w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 99 6 10000 10006 100 6 10201 10207 sort t1 *}
do_test where2-6.4 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR +w=100 OR 6=w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 | 99 6 10000 10006 | 100 6 10201 10207 | sort t1 *}
do_test where2-6.5 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR y=10201 OR 6=w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 | 99 6 10000 10006 | 100 6 10201 10207 | sort t1 *}

set ::idx {}
ifcapable subquery {set ::idx i1zyx}
do_test where2-6.5 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT b.* FROM t1 a, t1 b
     WHERE a.w=1 AND (a.y=b.z OR b.z=10)

do_execsql_test  4.2 [genstmt 10] 1
do_execsql_test  4.3 [genstmt 100] 1
do_execsql_test  4.4 [genstmt 255] 1
set nLimit [sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN -1]
do_execsql_test  4.5 [genstmt [expr $nLimit-1]] 1
do_execsql_test  4.6 [genstmt $nLimit] 1
do_catchsql_test 4.7 [genstmt [expr $nLimit+1]] {1 {too many columns in index}}


#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that adding a WITH clause to an INSERT disables the xfer 
# optimization.
#
proc do_xfer_test {tn bXfer sql {res {}}} {
  set ::sqlite3_xferopt_count 0
................................................................................
    SELECT a+1 FROM q, v WHERE a<5
  )
  SELECT * FROM q;
} {1 2 3 4 5}


finish_test

do_execsql_test  4.2 [genstmt 10] 1
do_execsql_test  4.3 [genstmt 100] 1
do_execsql_test  4.4 [genstmt 255] 1
set nLimit [sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN -1]
do_execsql_test  4.5 [genstmt [expr $nLimit-1]] 1
do_execsql_test  4.6 [genstmt $nLimit] 1
do_catchsql_test 4.7 [genstmt [expr $nLimit+1]] \
  {1 {too many columns in result set}}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that adding a WITH clause to an INSERT disables the xfer 
# optimization.
#
proc do_xfer_test {tn bXfer sql {res {}}} {
  set ::sqlite3_xferopt_count 0
................................................................................
    SELECT a+1 FROM q, v WHERE a<5
  )
  SELECT * FROM q;
} {1 2 3 4 5}


finish_test

  REM NOTE: If the Universal CRT library path has already been set, do not set
  REM       it to something else later on.
  REM
  IF NOT DEFINED NUCRTLIBPATH (
    SET SET_NUCRTLIBPATH=1
  )
)











REM
REM NOTE: This is the name of the sub-directory where the Windows 10.0 SDK
REM       libraries may be found.  It is only used when compiling with the
REM       Windows 10.0 SDK.
REM
SET WIN10LIBDIR=10.0.10240.0





REM
REM NOTE: Check if this is the Windows Phone SDK.  If so, a different batch
REM       file is necessary to setup the build environment.  Since the variable
REM       values involved here may contain parenthesis, using GOTO instead of
REM       an IF block is required.
REM
................................................................................
    REM
    REM NOTE: Attempt to clean the environment of all variables used by MSVC
    REM       and/or Visual Studio.  This block may need to be updated in the
    REM       future to account for additional environment variables.
    REM
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable CommandPromptType
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable DevEnvDir

    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable ExtensionSdkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Framework35Version
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Framework40Version
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkDir32
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkVersion32
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FSHARPINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable INCLUDE
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable LIB
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable LIBPATH

    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Platform

    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir
    REM CALL :fn_UnsetVariable VCINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable VSINSTALLDIR

    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsPhoneKitDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir_35
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir_old


    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDK_ExecutablePath_x86
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDK_ExecutablePath_x64

    REM
    REM NOTE: Reset the PATH here to the absolute bare minimum required.
    REM
    SET PATH=%TOOLPATH%;%SystemRoot%\System32;%SystemRoot%
................................................................................
            CALL :fn_CopyVariable WindowsSdkDir NSDKLIBPATH

            REM
            REM NOTE: The Windows 8.x and Windows 10.0 SDKs have a slightly
            REM       different directory naming conventions.
            REM
            IF DEFINED USE_WINV100_NSDKLIBPATH (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\10\lib\%WIN10LIBDIR%\um\x86
              CALL :fn_CopyVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir PSDKLIBPATH
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable PSDKLIBPATH Lib\%WIN10LIBDIR%\um\%%D
            ) ELSE IF DEFINED USE_WINV63_NSDKLIBPATH (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \lib\winv6.3\um\x86
            ) ELSE IF "%VisualStudioVersion%" == "12.0" (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\8.0\lib\win8\um\x86
            ) ELSE IF "%VisualStudioVersion%" == "14.0" (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\8.0\lib\win8\um\x86
            ) ELSE (
................................................................................
        REM       each iteration because it relies upon the UniversalCRTSdkDir
        REM       environment variable being set by the batch file used to
        REM       setup the MSVC environment.
        REM
        IF DEFINED SET_NUCRTLIBPATH (
          IF DEFINED UniversalCRTSdkDir (
            CALL :fn_CopyVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir NUCRTLIBPATH
            CALL :fn_AppendVariable NUCRTLIBPATH \lib\%WIN10LIBDIR%\ucrt\x86
          )
        )

        REM
        REM NOTE: Unless prevented from doing so, invoke NMAKE with the MSVC
        REM       makefile to clean any stale build output from previous
        REM       iterations of this loop and/or previous runs of this batch

  REM NOTE: If the Universal CRT library path has already been set, do not set
  REM       it to something else later on.
  REM
  IF NOT DEFINED NUCRTLIBPATH (
    SET SET_NUCRTLIBPATH=1
  )
)

REM
REM NOTE: This is the name of the sub-directory where the UCRT libraries may
REM       be found.  It is only used when compiling against the UCRT.
REM
IF DEFINED UCRTVersion (
  SET NUCRTVER=%UCRTVersion%
) ELSE (
  SET NUCRTVER=10.0.10240.0
)

REM
REM NOTE: This is the name of the sub-directory where the Windows 10.0 SDK
REM       libraries may be found.  It is only used when compiling with the
REM       Windows 10.0 SDK.
REM
IF DEFINED WindowsSDKLibVersion (
  SET WIN10SDKVER=%WindowsSDKLibVersion:\=%
) ELSE (
  SET WIN10SDKVER=%NUCRTVER%
)

REM
REM NOTE: Check if this is the Windows Phone SDK.  If so, a different batch
REM       file is necessary to setup the build environment.  Since the variable
REM       values involved here may contain parenthesis, using GOTO instead of
REM       an IF block is required.
REM
................................................................................
    REM
    REM NOTE: Attempt to clean the environment of all variables used by MSVC
    REM       and/or Visual Studio.  This block may need to be updated in the
    REM       future to account for additional environment variables.
    REM
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable CommandPromptType
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable DevEnvDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable DNX_HOME
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable ExtensionSdkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Framework35Version
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Framework40Version
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkDir32
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkVersion32
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FSHARPINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable INCLUDE
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable LIB
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable LIBPATH
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable NETFXSDKDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Platform
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable UCRTVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir
    REM CALL :fn_UnsetVariable VCINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable VSINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsLibPath
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsPhoneKitDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir_35
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir_old
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDKLibVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDKVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDK_ExecutablePath_x86
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDK_ExecutablePath_x64

    REM
    REM NOTE: Reset the PATH here to the absolute bare minimum required.
    REM
    SET PATH=%TOOLPATH%;%SystemRoot%\System32;%SystemRoot%
................................................................................
            CALL :fn_CopyVariable WindowsSdkDir NSDKLIBPATH

            REM
            REM NOTE: The Windows 8.x and Windows 10.0 SDKs have a slightly
            REM       different directory naming conventions.
            REM
            IF DEFINED USE_WINV100_NSDKLIBPATH (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\10\lib\%WIN10SDKVER%\um\x86
              CALL :fn_CopyVariable WindowsSdkDir PSDKLIBPATH
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable PSDKLIBPATH lib\%WIN10SDKVER%\um\%%D
            ) ELSE IF DEFINED USE_WINV63_NSDKLIBPATH (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \lib\winv6.3\um\x86
            ) ELSE IF "%VisualStudioVersion%" == "12.0" (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\8.0\lib\win8\um\x86
            ) ELSE IF "%VisualStudioVersion%" == "14.0" (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\8.0\lib\win8\um\x86
            ) ELSE (
................................................................................
        REM       each iteration because it relies upon the UniversalCRTSdkDir
        REM       environment variable being set by the batch file used to
        REM       setup the MSVC environment.
        REM
        IF DEFINED SET_NUCRTLIBPATH (
          IF DEFINED UniversalCRTSdkDir (
            CALL :fn_CopyVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir NUCRTLIBPATH
            CALL :fn_AppendVariable NUCRTLIBPATH \lib\%NUCRTVER%\ucrt\x86
          )
        )

        REM
        REM NOTE: Unless prevented from doing so, invoke NMAKE with the MSVC
        REM       makefile to clean any stale build output from previous
        REM       iterations of this loop and/or previous runs of this batch

}

/*
** Advance the rolling hash by a single character "c"
*/
static void hash_next(hash *pHash, int c){
  u16 old = pHash->z[pHash->i];
  pHash->z[pHash->i] = c;
  pHash->i = (pHash->i+1)&(NHASH-1);
  pHash->a = pHash->a - old + c;
  pHash->b = pHash->b - NHASH*old + pHash->a;
}

/*
** Return a 32-bit hash value
*/
static u32 hash_32bit(hash *pHash){
................................................................................
}

/*
** Return the number digits in the base-64 representation of a positive integer
*/
static int digit_count(int v){
  unsigned int i, x;
  for(i=1, x=64; v>=x; i++, x <<= 6){}
  return i;
}

/*
** Compute a 32-bit checksum on the N-byte buffer.  Return the result.
*/
static unsigned int checksum(const char *zIn, size_t N){
................................................................................
static int rbuDeltaCreate(
  const char *zSrc,      /* The source or pattern file */
  unsigned int lenSrc,   /* Length of the source file */
  const char *zOut,      /* The target file */
  unsigned int lenOut,   /* Length of the target file */
  char *zDelta           /* Write the delta into this buffer */
){
  int i, base;
  char *zOrigDelta = zDelta;
  hash h;
  int nHash;                 /* Number of hash table entries */
  int *landmark;             /* Primary hash table */
  int *collide;              /* Collision chain */
  int lastRead = -1;         /* Last byte of zSrc read by a COPY command */

................................................................................

  /* Begin scanning the target file and generating copy commands and
  ** literal sections of the delta.
  */
  base = 0;    /* We have already generated everything before zOut[base] */
  while( base+NHASH<lenOut ){
    int iSrc, iBlock;
    unsigned int bestCnt, bestOfst=0, bestLitsz=0;
    hash_init(&h, &zOut[base]);
    i = 0;     /* Trying to match a landmark against zOut[base+i] */
    bestCnt = 0;
    while( 1 ){
      int hv;
      int limit = 250;

................................................................................
        int cnt, ofst, litsz;
        int j, k, x, y;
        int sz;

        /* Beginning at iSrc, match forwards as far as we can.  j counts
        ** the number of characters that match */
        iSrc = iBlock*NHASH;

        for(j=0, x=iSrc, y=base+i; x<lenSrc && y<lenOut; j++, x++, y++){



          if( zSrc[x]!=zOut[y] ) break;
        }
        j--;

        /* Beginning at iSrc-1, match backwards as far as we can.  k counts
        ** the number of characters that match */
        for(k=1; k<iSrc && k<=i; k++){
          if( zSrc[iSrc-k]!=zOut[base+i-k] ) break;
        }
        k--;

        /* Compute the offset and size of the matching region */
        ofst = iSrc-k;
        cnt = j+k+1;

}

/*
** Advance the rolling hash by a single character "c"
*/
static void hash_next(hash *pHash, int c){
  u16 old = pHash->z[pHash->i];
  pHash->z[pHash->i] = (char)c;
  pHash->i = (pHash->i+1)&(NHASH-1);
  pHash->a = pHash->a - old + (char)c;
  pHash->b = pHash->b - NHASH*old + pHash->a;
}

/*
** Return a 32-bit hash value
*/
static u32 hash_32bit(hash *pHash){
................................................................................
}

/*
** Return the number digits in the base-64 representation of a positive integer
*/
static int digit_count(int v){
  unsigned int i, x;
  for(i=1, x=64; (unsigned int)v>=x; i++, x <<= 6){}
  return i;
}

/*
** Compute a 32-bit checksum on the N-byte buffer.  Return the result.
*/
static unsigned int checksum(const char *zIn, size_t N){
................................................................................
static int rbuDeltaCreate(
  const char *zSrc,      /* The source or pattern file */
  unsigned int lenSrc,   /* Length of the source file */
  const char *zOut,      /* The target file */
  unsigned int lenOut,   /* Length of the target file */
  char *zDelta           /* Write the delta into this buffer */
){
  unsigned int i, base;
  char *zOrigDelta = zDelta;
  hash h;
  int nHash;                 /* Number of hash table entries */
  int *landmark;             /* Primary hash table */
  int *collide;              /* Collision chain */
  int lastRead = -1;         /* Last byte of zSrc read by a COPY command */

................................................................................

  /* Begin scanning the target file and generating copy commands and
  ** literal sections of the delta.
  */
  base = 0;    /* We have already generated everything before zOut[base] */
  while( base+NHASH<lenOut ){
    int iSrc, iBlock;
    int bestCnt, bestOfst=0, bestLitsz=0;
    hash_init(&h, &zOut[base]);
    i = 0;     /* Trying to match a landmark against zOut[base+i] */
    bestCnt = 0;
    while( 1 ){
      int hv;
      int limit = 250;

................................................................................
        int cnt, ofst, litsz;
        int j, k, x, y;
        int sz;

        /* Beginning at iSrc, match forwards as far as we can.  j counts
        ** the number of characters that match */
        iSrc = iBlock*NHASH;
        for(
          j=0, x=iSrc, y=base+i;
          (unsigned int)x<lenSrc && (unsigned int)y<lenOut;
          j++, x++, y++
        ){
          if( zSrc[x]!=zOut[y] ) break;
        }
        j--;

        /* Beginning at iSrc-1, match backwards as far as we can.  k counts
        ** the number of characters that match */
        for(k=1; k<iSrc && (unsigned int)k<=i; k++){
          if( zSrc[iSrc-k]!=zOut[base+i-k] ) break;
        }
        k--;

        /* Compute the offset and size of the matching region */
        ofst = iSrc-k;
        cnt = j+k+1;