SQLite

** The unixShm.pFile element is initialized when the object is created
** and is read-only thereafter.
*/
struct unixShm {
  unixShmFile *pFile;        /* The underlying unixShmFile object */
  unixShm *pNext;            /* Next unixShm with the same unixShmFile */
  u8 lockState;              /* Current lock state */
  u8 readLock;               /* Which of the two read-lock states to use */
  u8 hasMutex;               /* True if holding the unixShmFile mutex */
  u8 hasMutexBuf;            /* True if holding pFile->mutexBuf */
  u8 sharedMask;             /* Mask of shared locks held */
  u8 exclMask;               /* Mask of exclusive locks held */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  u8 id;                     /* Id of this connection with its unixShmFile */
#endif
};

/*
** Size increment by which shared memory grows
*/
#define SQLITE_UNIX_SHM_INCR  4096

/*
** Constants used for locking
*/
#define UNIX_SHM_BASE      32        /* Byte offset of the first lock byte */
#define UNIX_SHM_MUTEX     0x01      /* Mask for MUTEX lock */
#define UNIX_SHM_DMS       0x04      /* Mask for Dead-Man-Switch lock */
#define UNIX_SHM_A         0x10      /* Mask for region locks... */
#define UNIX_SHM_B         0x20
#define UNIX_SHM_C         0x40
#define UNIX_SHM_D         0x80

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*

  static int iBuf = 0;
  char *z;

  z = &zBuf[iBuf];
  iBuf += 8;
  if( iBuf>=sizeof(zBuf) ) iBuf = 0;

  z[0] = (mask & UNIX_SHM_MUTEX) ? 'M' : '.';
  z[1] = (mask & UNIX_SHM_DMS)   ? 'S' : '.';
  z[2] = (mask & UNIX_SHM_A)     ? 'A' : '.';
  z[3] = (mask & UNIX_SHM_B)     ? 'B' : '.';
  z[4] = (mask & UNIX_SHM_C)     ? 'C' : '.';
  z[5] = (mask & UNIX_SHM_D)     ? 'D' : '.';
  z[6] = 0;
  return z;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/*
** Apply posix advisory locks for all bytes identified in lockMask.
**
** lockMask might contain multiple bits but all bits are guaranteed
** to be contiguous.
**
** Locks block if the UNIX_SHM_MUTEX bit is set and are non-blocking
** otherwise.
*/
static int unixShmSystemLock(
  unixShmFile *pFile,   /* Apply locks to this open shared-memory segment */
  int lockType,         /* F_UNLCK, F_RDLCK, or F_WRLCK */
  u8 lockMask           /* Which bytes to lock or unlock */
){
  struct flock f;       /* The posix advisory locking structure */
  int lockOp;           /* The opcode for fcntl() */
  int i;                /* Offset into the locking byte range */
  int rc;               /* Result code form fcntl() */
  u8 mask;              /* Mask of bits in lockMask */

  /* Access to the unixShmFile object is serialized by the caller */
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pFile->mutex) || pFile->nRef==0 );

  /* Initialize the locking parameters */
  memset(&f, 0, sizeof(f));
  f.l_type = lockType;
  f.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
  if( (lockMask & UNIX_SHM_MUTEX)!=0 && lockType!=F_UNLCK ){
    lockOp = F_SETLKW;
    OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK requesting blocking lock\n"));
  }else{
    lockOp = F_SETLK;
  }

  /* Find the first bit in lockMask that is set */

    }
    pFile->fid.dev = sStat.st_dev;
    pFile->fid.ino = sStat.st_ino;

    /* Check to see if another process is holding the dead-man switch.
    ** If not, truncate the file to zero length. 
    */
    if( unixShmSystemLock(pFile, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_MUTEX) ){
      rc = SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
      goto shm_open_err;
    }
    if( unixShmSystemLock(pFile, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS)==SQLITE_OK ){
      if( ftruncate(pFile->h, 0) ){
        rc = SQLITE_IOERR;
      }
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      rc = unixShmSystemLock(pFile, F_RDLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS);
    }
    unixShmSystemLock(pFile, F_UNLCK, UNIX_SHM_MUTEX);
    if( rc ) goto shm_open_err;
  }

  /* Make the new connection a child of the unixShmFile */
  p->pFile = pFile;
  p->pNext = pFile->pFirst;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

        rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
        assert( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK );
        for(nAttempt=0; nAttempt<5 && rc==SQLITE_BUSY; nAttempt++){
          rc = unixShmSharedLock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_A|UNIX_SHM_B);
          if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
            rc = unixShmSharedLock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_D);
            if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
              p->lockState = p->readLock = SQLITE_SHM_READ_FULL;
            }
          }else{
            unixShmUnlock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_B);
            p->lockState = p->readLock = SQLITE_SHM_READ;
          }
        }
      }else if( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_WRITE ){
        rc = unixShmSharedLock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_A);
        unixShmUnlock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_C|UNIX_SHM_D);
        p->lockState = p->readLock = SQLITE_SHM_READ;
      }else{
        assert( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_RECOVER );
        unixShmUnlock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_MUTEX);
        p->lockState = p->readLock;
        rc = SQLITE_OK;
      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_SHM_WRITE: {
      assert( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_READ 
              || p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_READ_FULL );
      rc = unixShmExclusiveLock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_C|UNIX_SHM_D);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        p->lockState = SQLITE_SHM_WRITE;
      }
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_SHM_CHECKPOINT: {
      assert( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK
           || p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_PENDING
           || p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_RECOVER );
      if( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_RECOVER ){
        unixShmUnlock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_MUTEX);
        p->lockState = SQLITE_SHM_CHECKPOINT;
        rc = SQLITE_OK;
      }
      if( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK ){
        rc = unixShmExclusiveLock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_B|UNIX_SHM_C);
        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
          p->lockState = SQLITE_SHM_PENDING;

    }
    default: {
      assert( desiredLock==SQLITE_SHM_RECOVER );
      assert( p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_READ
           || p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_READ_FULL
           || p->lockState==SQLITE_SHM_CHECKPOINT );
      assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pFile->mutexBuf) );
      rc = unixShmExclusiveLock(pFile, p, UNIX_SHM_MUTEX);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        p->lockState = SQLITE_SHM_RECOVER;
      }
      break;
    }
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pFile->mutex);