SQLite

/*
** 2014-09-21
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This SQLite extension adds a debug "authorizer" callback to the database
** connection.  The callback merely writes the authorization request to
** standard output and returns SQLITE_OK.
**
** This extension can be used (for example) in the command-line shell to
** trace the operation of the authorizer.
*/
#include "sqlite3ext.h"
SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#include <stdio.h>

/*
** Display the authorization request
*/
static int authCallback(
  void *pClientData,
  int op,
  const char *z1,
  const char *z2,
  const char *z3,
  const char *z4
){
  const char *zOp;
  char zOpSpace[50];
  switch( op ){
    case SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX:        zOp = "CREATE_INDEX";        break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE:        zOp = "CREATE_TABLE";        break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX:   zOp = "CREATE_TEMP_INDEX";   break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE:   zOp = "CREATE_TEMP_TABLE";   break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER: zOp = "CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER"; break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW:    zOp = "CREATE_TEMP_VIEW";    break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER:      zOp = "CREATE_TRIGGER";      break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW:         zOp = "CREATE_VIEW";         break;
    case SQLITE_DELETE:              zOp = "DELETE";              break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_INDEX:          zOp = "DROP_INDEX";          break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_TABLE:          zOp = "DROP_TABLE";          break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX:     zOp = "DROP_TEMP_INDEX";     break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE:     zOp = "DROP_TEMP_TABLE";     break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER:   zOp = "DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER";   break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW:      zOp = "DROP_TEMP_VIEW";      break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER:        zOp = "DROP_TRIGGER";        break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_VIEW:           zOp = "DROP_VIEW";           break;
    case SQLITE_INSERT:              zOp = "INSERT";              break;
    case SQLITE_PRAGMA:              zOp = "PRAGMA";              break;
    case SQLITE_READ:                zOp = "READ";                break;
    case SQLITE_SELECT:              zOp = "SELECT";              break;
    case SQLITE_TRANSACTION:         zOp = "TRANSACTION";         break;
    case SQLITE_UPDATE:              zOp = "UPDATE";              break;
    case SQLITE_ATTACH:              zOp = "ATTACH";              break;
    case SQLITE_DETACH:              zOp = "DETACH";              break;
    case SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE:         zOp = "ALTER_TABLE";         break;
    case SQLITE_REINDEX:             zOp = "REINDEX";             break;
    case SQLITE_ANALYZE:             zOp = "ANALYZE";             break;
    case SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE:       zOp = "CREATE_VTABLE";       break;
    case SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE:         zOp = "DROP_VTABLE";         break;
    case SQLITE_FUNCTION:            zOp = "FUNCTION";            break;
    case SQLITE_SAVEPOINT:           zOp = "SAVEPOINT";           break;
    case SQLITE_COPY:                zOp = "COPY";                break;
    case SQLITE_RECURSIVE:           zOp = "RECURSIVE";           break;


    default: {
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zOpSpace), zOpSpace, "%d", op);
      zOp = zOpSpace;
      break;
    }
  }
  if( z1==0 ) z1 = "NULL";
  if( z2==0 ) z2 = "NULL";
  if( z3==0 ) z3 = "NULL";
  if( z4==0 ) z4 = "NULL";
  printf("AUTH: %s,%s,%s,%s,%s\n", zOp, z1, z2, z3, z4);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}



#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
int sqlite3_showauth_init(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  char **pzErrMsg, 
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
  rc = sqlite3_set_authorizer(db, authCallback, 0);
  return rc;
}

/*
** 2014-09-08
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains the application interface definitions for the
** user-authentication extension feature.
**
** To compile with the user-authentication feature, append this file to
** end of an SQLite amalgamation header file ("sqlite3.h"), then add
** the SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION compile-time option.  See the
** user-auth.txt file in the same source directory as this file for
** additional information.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION

/*
** If a database contains the SQLITE_USER table, then the
** sqlite3_user_authenticate() interface must be invoked with an
** appropriate username and password prior to enable read and write
** access to the database.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success or SQLITE_ERROR if the username/password
** combination is incorrect or unknown.
**
** If the SQLITE_USER table is not present in the database file, then
** this interface is a harmless no-op returnning SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3_user_authenticate(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
  const char *zUsername, /* Username */
  const char *aPW,       /* Password or credentials */
  int nPW                /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
);

/*
** The sqlite3_user_add() interface can be used (by an admin user only)
** to create a new user.  When called on a no-authentication-required
** database, this routine converts the database into an authentication-
** required database, automatically makes the added user an
** administrator, and logs in the current connection as that user.
** The sqlite3_user_add() interface only works for the "main" database, not
** for any ATTACH-ed databases.  Any call to sqlite3_user_add() by a
** non-admin user results in an error.
*/
int sqlite3_user_add(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
  const char *zUsername, /* Username to be added */
  const char *aPW,       /* Password or credentials */
  int nPW,               /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
  int isAdmin            /* True to give new user admin privilege */
);

/*
** The sqlite3_user_change() interface can be used to change a users
** login credentials or admin privilege.  Any user can change their own
** login credentials.  Only an admin user can change another users login
** credentials or admin privilege setting.  No user may change their own 
** admin privilege setting.
*/
int sqlite3_user_change(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
  const char *zUsername, /* Username to change */
  const char *aPW,       /* New password or credentials */
  int nPW,               /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
  int isAdmin            /* Modified admin privilege for the user */
);

/*
** The sqlite3_user_delete() interface can be used (by an admin user only)
** to delete a user.  The currently logged-in user cannot be deleted,
** which guarantees that there is always an admin user and hence that
** the database cannot be converted into a no-authentication-required
** database.
*/
int sqlite3_user_delete(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
  const char *zUsername  /* Username to remove */
);

#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

Activate the user authentication logic by including the
ext/userauth/userauth.c source code file in the build and
adding the -DSQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION compile-time option.
The ext/userauth/sqlite3userauth.h header file is available to
applications to define the interface.

When using the SQLite amalgamation, it is sufficient to append
the ext/userauth/userauth.c source file onto the end of the
amalgamation.

The following new APIs are available when user authentication is
activated:

   int sqlite3_user_authenticate(
     sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
     const char *zUsername, /* Username */
     const char *aPW,       /* Password or credentials */
     int nPW                /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
   );
   
   int sqlite3_user_add(
     sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
     const char *zUsername, /* Username to be added */
     const char *aPW,       /* Password or credentials */
     int nPW,               /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
     int isAdmin            /* True to give new user admin privilege */
   );
   
   int sqlite3_user_change(
     sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
     const char *zUsername, /* Username to change */
     const void *aPW,       /* Modified password or credentials */
     int nPW,               /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
     int isAdmin            /* Modified admin privilege for the user */
   );
   
   int sqlite3_user_delete(
     sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
     const char *zUsername  /* Username to remove */
   );

With this extension, a database can be marked as requiring authentication.
By default a database does not require authentication.

The sqlite3_open(), sqlite3_open16(), and sqlite3_open_v2() interfaces
work as before: they open a new database connection.  However, if the
database being opened requires authentication, then attempts to read
or write from the database will fail with an SQLITE_AUTH error until 
after sqlite3_user_authenticate() has been called successfully.  The 
sqlite3_user_authenticate() call will return SQLITE_OK if the 
authentication credentials are accepted and SQLITE_ERROR if not.

Calling sqlite3_user_authenticate() on a no-authentication-required
database connection is a harmless no-op.  

If the database is encrypted, then sqlite3_key_v2() must be called first,
with the correct decryption key, prior to invoking sqlite3_user_authenticate().

To recapitulate: When opening an existing unencrypted authentication-
required database, the call sequence is:

    sqlite3_open_v2()
    sqlite3_user_authenticate();
    /* Database is now usable */

To open an existing, encrypted, authentication-required database, the
call sequence is:

    sqlite3_open_v2();
    sqlite3_key_v2();
    sqlite3_user_authenticate();
    /* Database is now usable */

When opening a no-authentication-required database, the database
connection is treated as if it was authenticated as an admin user.

When ATTACH-ing new database files to a connection, each newly attached
database that is an authentication-required database is checked using
the same username and password as supplied to the main database.  If that
check fails, then the ATTACH command fails with an SQLITE_AUTH error.

The sqlite3_user_add() interface can be used (by an admin user only)
to create a new user.  When called on a no-authentication-required
database and when A is true, the sqlite3_user_add(D,U,P,N,A) routine
converts the database into an authentication-required database and
logs in the database connection D as user U with password P,N.
To convert a no-authentication-required database into an authentication-
required database, the isAdmin parameter must be true.  If
sqlite3_user_add(D,U,P,N,A) is called on a no-authentication-required
database and A is false, then the call fails with an SQLITE_AUTH error.

Any call to sqlite3_user_add() by a non-admin user results in an error.

Hence, to create a new, unencrypted, authentication-required database,
the call sequence is:

    sqlite3_open_v2();
    sqlite3_user_add();

And to create a new, encrypted, authentication-required database, the call
sequence is:

    sqlite3_open_v2();
    sqlite3_key_v2();
    sqlite3_user_add();

The sqlite3_user_delete() interface can be used (by an admin user only)
to delete a user.  The currently logged-in user cannot be deleted,
which guarantees that there is always an admin user and hence that
the database cannot be converted into a no-authentication-required
database.

The sqlite3_user_change() interface can be used to change a users
login credentials or admin privilege.  Any user can change their own
password.  Only an admin user can change another users login
credentials or admin privilege setting.  No user may change their own 
admin privilege setting.

The sqlite3_set_authorizer() callback is modified to take a 7th parameter
which is the username of the currently logged in user, or NULL for a
no-authentication-required database.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Implementation notes:

An authentication-required database is identified by the presence of a
new table:

    CREATE TABLE sqlite_user(
      uname TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
      isAdmin BOOLEAN,
      pw BLOB
    ) WITHOUT ROWID;

The sqlite_user table is inaccessible (unreadable and unwriteable) to
non-admin users and is read-only for admin users.  However, if the same
database file is opened by a version of SQLite that omits
the -DSQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION compile-time option, then the sqlite_user
table will be readable by anybody and writeable by anybody if
the "PRAGMA writable_schema=ON" statement is run first.

The sqlite_user.pw field is encoded by a built-in SQL function
"sqlite_crypt(X,Y)".  The two arguments are both BLOBs.  The first argument
is the plaintext password supplied to the sqlite3_user_authenticate()
interface.  The second argument is the sqlite_user.pw value and is supplied
so that the function can extract the "salt" used by the password encoder.
The result of sqlite_crypt(X,Y) is another blob which is the value that
ends up being stored in sqlite_user.pw.  To verify credentials X supplied
by the sqlite3_user_authenticate() routine, SQLite runs:

    sqlite_user.pw == sqlite_crypt(X, sqlite_user.pw)

To compute an appropriate sqlite_user.pw value from a new or modified
password X, sqlite_crypt(X,NULL) is run.  A new random salt is selected
when the second argument is NULL.

The built-in version of of sqlite_crypt() uses a simple Ceasar-cypher
which prevents passwords from being revealed by searching the raw database
for ASCII text, but is otherwise trivally broken.  For better password
security, the database should be encrypted using the SQLite Encryption
Extension or similar technology.  Or, the application can use the
sqlite3_create_function() interface to provide an alternative
implementation of sqlite_crypt() that computes a stronger password hash,
perhaps using a cryptographic hash function like SHA1.

/*
** 2014-09-08
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
**
** This file contains the bulk of the implementation of the
** user-authentication extension feature.  Some parts of the user-
** authentication code are contained within the SQLite core (in the
** src/ subdirectory of the main source code tree) but those parts
** that could reasonable be separated out are moved into this file.
**
** To compile with the user-authentication feature, append this file to
** end of an SQLite amalgamation, then add the SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
** compile-time option.  See the user-auth.txt file in the same source
** directory as this file for additional information.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
#ifndef _SQLITEINT_H_
# include "sqliteInt.h"
#endif

/*
** Prepare an SQL statement for use by the user authentication logic.
** Return a pointer to the prepared statement on success.  Return a
** NULL pointer if there is an error of any kind.
*/
static sqlite3_stmt *sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zFormat,
  ...
){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
  char *zSql;
  int rc;
  va_list ap;
  int savedFlags = db->flags;

  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if( zSql==0 ) return 0;
  db->flags |= SQLITE_WriteSchema;
  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
  db->flags = savedFlags;
  sqlite3_free(zSql);
  if( rc ){
    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    pStmt = 0;
  }
  return pStmt;
}

/*
** Check to see if the sqlite_user table exists in database zDb.
*/
static int userTableExists(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDb){
  int rc;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  if( db->init.busy==0 ){
    char *zErr = 0;
    sqlite3Init(db, &zErr);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
  }
  rc = sqlite3FindTable(db, "sqlite_user", zDb)!=0;
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return rc;
}

/*
** Check to see if database zDb has a "sqlite_user" table and if it does
** whether that table can authenticate zUser with nPw,zPw.  Write one of
** the UAUTH_* user authorization level codes into *peAuth and return a
** result code.
*/
static int userAuthCheckLogin(
  sqlite3 *db,               /* The database connection to check */
  const char *zDb,           /* Name of specific database to check */
  u8 *peAuth                 /* OUT: One of UAUTH_* constants */
){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
  int rc;

  *peAuth = UAUTH_Unknown;
  if( !userTableExists(db, "main") ){
    *peAuth = UAUTH_Admin;  /* No sqlite_user table.  Everybody is admin. */
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  if( db->auth.zAuthUser==0 ){
    *peAuth = UAUTH_Fail;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  pStmt = sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(db,
            "SELECT pw=sqlite_crypt(?1,pw), isAdmin FROM \"%w\".sqlite_user"
            " WHERE uname=?2", zDb);
  if( pStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 1, db->auth.zAuthPW, db->auth.nAuthPW,SQLITE_STATIC);
  sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 2, db->auth.zAuthUser, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
  rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
  if( rc==SQLITE_ROW && sqlite3_column_int(pStmt,0) ){
    *peAuth = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 1) + UAUTH_User;
  }else{
    *peAuth = UAUTH_Fail;
  }
  return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
}
int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(
  sqlite3 *db,               /* The database connection to check */
  const char *zDb,           /* Name of specific database to check */
  u8 *peAuth                 /* OUT: One of UAUTH_* constants */
){
  int rc;
  u8 savedAuthLevel;
  assert( zDb!=0 );
  assert( peAuth!=0 );
  savedAuthLevel = db->auth.authLevel;
  db->auth.authLevel = UAUTH_Admin;
  rc = userAuthCheckLogin(db, zDb, peAuth);
  db->auth.authLevel = savedAuthLevel;
  return rc;
}

/*
** If the current authLevel is UAUTH_Unknown, the take actions to figure
** out what authLevel should be
*/
void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3 *db){
  if( db->auth.authLevel==UAUTH_Unknown ){
    u8 authLevel = UAUTH_Fail;
    sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(db, "main", &authLevel);
    db->auth.authLevel = authLevel;
    if( authLevel<UAUTH_Admin ) db->flags &= ~SQLITE_WriteSchema;
  }
}

/*
** Implementation of the sqlite_crypt(X,Y) function.
**
** If Y is NULL then generate a new hash for password X and return that
** hash.  If Y is not null, then generate a hash for password X using the
** same salt as the previous hash Y and return the new hash.
*/
void sqlite3CryptFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
  int NotUsed,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  const char *zIn;
  int nIn, ii;
  u8 *zOut;
  char zSalt[8];
  zIn = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
  nIn = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])==SQLITE_BLOB
   && sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1])==nIn+sizeof(zSalt)
  ){
    memcpy(zSalt, sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]), sizeof(zSalt));
  }else{
    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(zSalt), zSalt);
  }
  zOut = sqlite3_malloc( nIn+sizeof(zSalt) );
  if( zOut==0 ){
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
  }else{
    memcpy(zOut, zSalt, sizeof(zSalt));
    for(ii=0; ii<nIn; ii++){
      zOut[ii+sizeof(zSalt)] = zIn[ii]^zSalt[ii&0x7];
    }
    sqlite3_result_blob(context, zOut, nIn+sizeof(zSalt), sqlite3_free);
  }
}

/*
** If a database contains the SQLITE_USER table, then the
** sqlite3_user_authenticate() interface must be invoked with an
** appropriate username and password prior to enable read and write
** access to the database.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success or SQLITE_ERROR if the username/password
** combination is incorrect or unknown.
**
** If the SQLITE_USER table is not present in the database file, then
** this interface is a harmless no-op returnning SQLITE_OK.
*/
int sqlite3_user_authenticate(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* The database connection */
  const char *zUsername, /* Username */
  const char *zPW,       /* Password or credentials */
  int nPW                /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
){
  int rc;
  u8 authLevel = UAUTH_Fail;
  db->auth.authLevel = UAUTH_Unknown;
  sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthUser);
  sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthPW);
  memset(&db->auth, 0, sizeof(db->auth));
  db->auth.zAuthUser = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zUsername);
  if( db->auth.zAuthUser==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  db->auth.zAuthPW = sqlite3_malloc( nPW+1 );
  if( db->auth.zAuthPW==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memcpy(db->auth.zAuthPW,zPW,nPW);
  db->auth.nAuthPW = nPW;
  rc = sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(db, "main", &authLevel);
  db->auth.authLevel = authLevel;
  sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
  if( rc ){
    return rc;           /* OOM error, I/O error, etc. */
  }
  if( authLevel<UAUTH_User ){
    return SQLITE_AUTH;  /* Incorrect username and/or password */
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;      /* Successful login */
}

/*
** The sqlite3_user_add() interface can be used (by an admin user only)
** to create a new user.  When called on a no-authentication-required
** database, this routine converts the database into an authentication-
** required database, automatically makes the added user an
** administrator, and logs in the current connection as that user.
** The sqlite3_user_add() interface only works for the "main" database, not
** for any ATTACH-ed databases.  Any call to sqlite3_user_add() by a
** non-admin user results in an error.
*/
int sqlite3_user_add(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
  const char *zUsername, /* Username to be added */
  const char *aPW,       /* Password or credentials */
  int nPW,               /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
  int isAdmin            /* True to give new user admin privilege */
){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
  int rc;
  sqlite3UserAuthInit(db);
  if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_Admin ) return SQLITE_AUTH;
  if( !userTableExists(db, "main") ){
    if( !isAdmin ) return SQLITE_AUTH;
    pStmt = sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(db, 
              "CREATE TABLE sqlite_user(\n"
              "  uname TEXT PRIMARY KEY,\n"
              "  isAdmin BOOLEAN,\n"
              "  pw BLOB\n"
              ") WITHOUT ROWID;");
    if( pStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    sqlite3_step(pStmt);
    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    if( rc ) return rc;
  }
  pStmt = sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(db, 
            "INSERT INTO sqlite_user(uname,isAdmin,pw)"
            " VALUES(%Q,%d,sqlite_crypt(?1,NULL))",
            zUsername, isAdmin!=0);
  if( pStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 1, aPW, nPW, SQLITE_STATIC);
  sqlite3_step(pStmt);
  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
  if( rc ) return rc;
  if( db->auth.zAuthUser==0 ){
    assert( isAdmin!=0 );
    sqlite3_user_authenticate(db, zUsername, aPW, nPW);
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** The sqlite3_user_change() interface can be used to change a users
** login credentials or admin privilege.  Any user can change their own
** login credentials.  Only an admin user can change another users login
** credentials or admin privilege setting.  No user may change their own 
** admin privilege setting.
*/
int sqlite3_user_change(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
  const char *zUsername, /* Username to change */
  const char *aPW,       /* Modified password or credentials */
  int nPW,               /* Number of bytes in aPW[] */
  int isAdmin            /* Modified admin privilege for the user */
){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
  int rc;
  u8 authLevel;

  authLevel = db->auth.authLevel;
  if( authLevel<UAUTH_User ){
    /* Must be logged in to make a change */
    return SQLITE_AUTH;
  }
  if( strcmp(db->auth.zAuthUser, zUsername)!=0 ){
    if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_Admin ){
      /* Must be an administrator to change a different user */
      return SQLITE_AUTH;
    }
  }else if( isAdmin!=(authLevel==UAUTH_Admin) ){
    /* Cannot change the isAdmin setting for self */
    return SQLITE_AUTH;
  }
  db->auth.authLevel = UAUTH_Admin;
  if( !userTableExists(db, "main") ){
    /* This routine is a no-op if the user to be modified does not exist */
  }else{
    pStmt = sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(db,
              "UPDATE sqlite_user SET isAdmin=%d, pw=sqlite_crypt(?1,NULL)"
              " WHERE uname=%Q", isAdmin, zUsername);
    if( pStmt==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, 1, aPW, nPW, SQLITE_STATIC);
      sqlite3_step(pStmt);
      rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    }
  }
  db->auth.authLevel = authLevel;
  return rc;
}

/*
** The sqlite3_user_delete() interface can be used (by an admin user only)
** to delete a user.  The currently logged-in user cannot be deleted,
** which guarantees that there is always an admin user and hence that
** the database cannot be converted into a no-authentication-required
** database.
*/
int sqlite3_user_delete(
  sqlite3 *db,           /* Database connection */
  const char *zUsername  /* Username to remove */
){
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
  if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_Admin ){
    /* Must be an administrator to delete a user */
    return SQLITE_AUTH;
  }
  if( strcmp(db->auth.zAuthUser, zUsername)==0 ){
    /* Cannot delete self */
    return SQLITE_AUTH;
  }
  if( !userTableExists(db, "main") ){
    /* This routine is a no-op if the user to be deleted does not exist */
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  pStmt = sqlite3UserAuthPrepare(db,
              "DELETE FROM sqlite_user WHERE uname=%Q", zUsername);
  if( pStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  sqlite3_step(pStmt);
  return sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
}

#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

# build the SQLite library and testing tools.
################################################################################

# This is how we compile
#
TCCX =  $(TCC) $(OPTS) -I. -I$(TOP)/src -I$(TOP) 
TCCX += -I$(TOP)/ext/rtree -I$(TOP)/ext/icu -I$(TOP)/ext/fts3
TCCX += -I$(TOP)/ext/async -I$(TOP)/ext/userauth
TCCX += -I$(TOP)/ext/session

# Object files for the SQLite library.
#
LIBOBJ+= vdbe.o parse.o \
         alter.o analyze.o attach.o auth.o \
         backup.o bitvec.o btmutex.o btree.o build.o \

         main.o malloc.o mem0.o mem1.o mem2.o mem3.o mem5.o \
         memjournal.o \
         mutex.o mutex_noop.o mutex_unix.o mutex_w32.o \
         notify.o opcodes.o os.o os_unix.o os_win.o \
         pager.o pcache.o pcache1.o pragma.o prepare.o printf.o \
         random.o resolve.o rowset.o rtree.o select.o status.o \
         table.o threads.o tokenize.o trigger.o \
         update.o userauth.o util.o vacuum.o \
         vdbeapi.o vdbeaux.o vdbeblob.o vdbemem.o vdbesort.o \
	 vdbetrace.o wal.o walker.o where.o utf.o vtab.o

LIBOBJ += sqlite3session.o

SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/rtree/sqlite3rtree.h \
  $(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.h \
  $(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.c
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/session/sqlite3session.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/session/sqlite3session.h
SRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/sqlite3userauth.h

# Generated source code files
#
SRC += \
  keywordhash.h \
  opcodes.c \
  opcodes.h \

  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3Int.h \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_hash.h \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.h
EXTHDR += \
  $(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.h
EXTHDR += \
  $(TOP)/ext/icu/sqliteicu.h
EXTHDR += \
  $(TOP)/ext/userauth/sqlite3userauth.h

# This is the default Makefile target.  The objects listed here
# are what get build when you type just "make" with no arguments.
#
all:	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.a sqlite3$(EXE)

libsqlite3.a:	$(LIBOBJ)

	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_unicode2.c

fts3_write.o:	$(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c

rtree.o:	$(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/rtree/rtree.c

userauth.o:	$(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/userauth/userauth.c

sqlite3session.o:	$(TOP)/ext/session/sqlite3session.c $(HDR) $(EXTHDR)
	$(TCCX) -DSQLITE_CORE -c $(TOP)/ext/session/sqlite3session.c


# Rules for building test programs and for running tests
#

    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Function, 1, regStat4, regTemp);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)&statPushFuncdef, P4_FUNCDEF);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 2+IsStat34);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur, addrNextRow); VdbeCoverage(v);

    /* Add the entry to the stat1 table. */
    callStatGet(v, regStat4, STAT_GET_STAT1, regStat1);
    assert( "BBB"[0]==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regTemp, "BBB", 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regTemp, regNewRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);

    /* Add the entries to the stat3 or stat4 table. */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
    {

  ** name and the row count as the content.
  */
  if( pOnlyIdx==0 && needTableCnt ){
    VdbeComment((v, "%s", pTab->zName));
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iTabCur, regStat1);
    jZeroRows = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regStat1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regIdxname);
    assert( "BBB"[0]==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regTemp, "BBB", 0);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regTemp, regNewRowid);
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jZeroRows);
  }
}

  ** we found it.
  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
    rc = sqlite3Init(db, &zErrDyn);
    sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
  }
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    u8 newAuth = 0;
    rc = sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(db, zName, &newAuth);
    if( newAuth<db->auth.authLevel ){
      rc = SQLITE_AUTH_USER;
    }
  }
#endif
  if( rc ){
    int iDb = db->nDb - 1;
    assert( iDb>=2 );
    if( db->aDb[iDb].pBt ){
      sqlite3BtreeClose(db->aDb[iDb].pBt);
      db->aDb[iDb].pBt = 0;
      db->aDb[iDb].pSchema = 0;

*/
int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
  sqlite3 *db,
  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
  void *pArg
){
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  db->xAuth = (sqlite3_xauth)xAuth;
  db->pAuthArg = pArg;
  sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

  const char *zCol,               /* Column name */
  int iDb                         /* Index of containing database. */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;       /* Database handle */
  char *zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zName; /* Name of attached database */
  int rc;                         /* Auth callback return code */

  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, SQLITE_READ, zTab,zCol,zDb,pParse->zAuthContext
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
                 ,db->auth.zAuthUser
#endif
                );
  if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s.%s is prohibited",zDb,zTab,zCol);
    }else{
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s is prohibited", zTab, zCol);
    }
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;

  if( db->init.busy || IN_DECLARE_VTAB ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  if( db->xAuth==0 ){
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }
  rc = db->xAuth(db->pAuthArg, code, zArg1, zArg2, zArg3, pParse->zAuthContext
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
                 ,db->auth.zAuthUser
#endif
                );
  if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized");
    pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
  }else if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE ){
    rc = SQLITE_DENY;
    sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);
  }

  /* If this is an intKey table, then the above call to BtreeKeySize()
  ** stores the integer key in pCur->nKey. In this case this value is
  ** all that is required. Otherwise, if pCur is not open on an intKey
  ** table, then malloc space for and store the pCur->nKey bytes of key 
  ** data.
  */
  if( 0==pCur->apPage[0]->intKey ){
    void *pKey = sqlite3Malloc( pCur->nKey );
    if( pKey ){
      rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCur, 0, (int)pCur->nKey, pKey);
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        pCur->pKey = pKey;
      }else{
        sqlite3_free(pKey);
      }

        */
        nCell = pCell[0];
        if( nCell<=pPage->max1bytePayload ){
          /* This branch runs if the record-size field of the cell is a
          ** single byte varint and the record fits entirely on the main
          ** b-tree page.  */
          testcase( pCell+nCell+1==pPage->aDataEnd );
          c = xRecordCompare(nCell, (void*)&pCell[1], pIdxKey);
        }else if( !(pCell[1] & 0x80) 
          && (nCell = ((nCell&0x7f)<<7) + pCell[1])<=pPage->maxLocal
        ){
          /* The record-size field is a 2 byte varint and the record 
          ** fits entirely on the main b-tree page.  */
          testcase( pCell+nCell+2==pPage->aDataEnd );
          c = xRecordCompare(nCell, (void*)&pCell[2], pIdxKey);
        }else{
          /* The record flows over onto one or more overflow pages. In
          ** this case the whole cell needs to be parsed, a buffer allocated
          ** and accessPayload() used to retrieve the record into the
          ** buffer before VdbeRecordCompare() can be called. */
          void *pCellKey;
          u8 * const pCellBody = pCell - pPage->childPtrSize;
          btreeParseCellPtr(pPage, pCellBody, &pCur->info);
          nCell = (int)pCur->info.nKey;
          pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCell );
          if( pCellKey==0 ){
            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
            goto moveto_finish;
          }
          pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)idx;
          rc = accessPayload(pCur, 0, nCell, (unsigned char*)pCellKey, 2);
          if( rc ){
            sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
            goto moveto_finish;
          }
          c = xRecordCompare(nCell, pCellKey, pIdxKey);
          sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
        }
        assert( 
            (pIdxKey->errCode!=SQLITE_CORRUPT || c==0)
         && (pIdxKey->errCode!=SQLITE_NOMEM || pCur->pBtree->db->mallocFailed)
        );
        if( c<0 ){

  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  assert( !pParse->isMultiWrite 
       || sqlite3VdbeAssertMayAbort(v, pParse->mayAbort));
  if( v ){
    while( sqlite3VdbeDeletePriorOpcode(v, OP_Close) ){}
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
    if( pParse->nTableLock>0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
      sqlite3UserAuthInit(db);
      if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_User ){
        pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH_USER;
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "user not authenticated");
        return;
      }
    }
#endif

    /* The cookie mask contains one bit for each database file open.
    ** (Bit 0 is for main, bit 1 is for temp, and so forth.)  Bits are
    ** set for each database that is used.  Generate code to start a
    ** transaction on each used database and to verify the schema cookie
    ** on each used database.
    */

  sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zSql, &zErrMsg);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zErrMsg);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, zSql);
  memcpy(&pParse->nVar, saveBuf, SAVE_SZ);
  pParse->nested--;
}

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** Return TRUE if zTable is the name of the system table that stores the
** list of users and their access credentials.
*/
int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char *zTable){
  return sqlite3_stricmp(zTable, "sqlite_user")==0;
}
#endif

/*
** Locate the in-memory structure that describes a particular database
** table given the name of that table and (optionally) the name of the
** database containing the table.  Return NULL if not found.
**
** If zDatabase is 0, all databases are searched for the table and the
** first matching table is returned.  (No checking for duplicate table
** names is done.)  The search order is TEMP first, then MAIN, then any
** auxiliary databases added using the ATTACH command.
**
** See also sqlite3LocateTable().
*/
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, const char *zDatabase){
  Table *p = 0;
  int i;
  assert( zName!=0 );
  /* All mutexes are required for schema access.  Make sure we hold them. */
  assert( zDatabase!=0 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(db) );
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  /* Only the admin user is allowed to know that the sqlite_user table
  ** exists */
  if( db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_Admin && sqlite3UserAuthTable(zName)!=0 ){
    return 0;
  }
#endif
  for(i=OMIT_TEMPDB; i<db->nDb; i++){
    int j = (i<2) ? i^1 : i;   /* Search TEMP before MAIN */
    if( zDatabase!=0 && sqlite3StrICmp(zDatabase, db->aDb[j].zName) ) continue;
    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, j, 0) );
    p = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aDb[j].pSchema->tblHash, zName);
    if( p ) break;
  }

    if( zDbase ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s.%s", zMsg, zDbase, zName);
    }else{
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s: %s", zMsg, zName);
    }
    pParse->checkSchema = 1;
  }
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENICATION
  else if( pParse->db->auth.authLevel<UAUTH_User ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "user not authenticated");
    p = 0;
  }
#endif
  return p;
}

/*
** Locate the table identified by *p.
**
** This is a wrapper around sqlite3LocateTable(). The difference between

    }
  }

  /* If pszEst is not NULL, store an estimate of the field size.  The
  ** estimate is scaled so that the size of an integer is 1.  */
  if( pszEst ){
    *pszEst = 1;   /* default size is approx 4 bytes */
    if( aff<SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      if( zChar ){
        while( zChar[0] ){
          if( sqlite3Isdigit(zChar[0]) ){
            int v = 0;
            sqlite3GetInt32(zChar, &v);
            v = v/4 + 1;
            if( v>255 ) v = 255;

  }
  sqlite3_snprintf(n, zStmt, "CREATE TABLE ");
  k = sqlite3Strlen30(zStmt);
  identPut(zStmt, &k, p->zName);
  zStmt[k++] = '(';
  for(pCol=p->aCol, i=0; i<p->nCol; i++, pCol++){
    static const char * const azType[] = {

        /* SQLITE_AFF_NONE    */ "",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_TEXT    */ " TEXT",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC */ " NUM",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER */ " INT",
        /* SQLITE_AFF_REAL    */ " REAL"
    };
    int len;
    const char *zType;

    sqlite3_snprintf(n-k, &zStmt[k], zSep);
    k += sqlite3Strlen30(&zStmt[k]);
    zSep = zSep2;
    identPut(zStmt, &k, pCol->zName);
    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_NONE >= 0 );
    assert( pCol->affinity-SQLITE_AFF_NONE < ArraySize(azType) );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
    testcase( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
    
    zType = azType[pCol->affinity - SQLITE_AFF_NONE];
    len = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
    assert( pCol->affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NONE 
            || pCol->affinity==sqlite3AffinityType(zType, 0) );
    memcpy(&zStmt[k], zType, len);
    k += len;
    assert( k<=n );
  }

*/
int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
  Table *pSelTab;   /* A fake table from which we get the result set */
  Select *pSel;     /* Copy of the SELECT that implements the view */
  int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
  int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth;       /* Saved xAuth pointer */

  assert( pTable );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

    iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, pTab->pSchema);
  }
  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];

  assert( pTab!=0 );
  assert( pParse->nErr==0 );
  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_", 7)==0 
       && db->init.busy==0
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
       && sqlite3UserAuthTable(pTab->zName)==0
#endif
       && sqlite3StrNICmp(&pTab->zName[7],"altertab_",9)!=0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be indexed", pTab->zName);
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
  if( pTab->pSelect ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "views may not be indexed");

  "TEST",
#endif
#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_THREADSAFE),
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
  "USE_ALLOCA",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  "USER_AUTHENTICATION",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
  "WIN32_MALLOC",
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
  "ZERO_MALLOC"
#endif

  pNew->iLimit = 0;
  pNew->iOffset = 0;
  pNew->selFlags = p->selFlags & ~SF_UsesEphemeral;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[0] = -1;
  pNew->addrOpenEphm[1] = -1;
  pNew->nSelectRow = p->nSelectRow;
  pNew->pWith = withDup(db, p->pWith);
  sqlite3SelectSetName(pNew, p->zSelName);
  return pNew;
}
#else
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3 *db, Select *p, int flags){
  assert( p==0 );
  return 0;
}

}

/*
** Generate code to move content from registers iFrom...iFrom+nReg-1
** over to iTo..iTo+nReg-1. Keep the column cache up-to-date.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeMove(Parse *pParse, int iFrom, int iTo, int nReg){


  assert( iFrom>=iTo+nReg || iFrom+nReg<=iTo );
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Move, iFrom, iTo, nReg);


  sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, iFrom, nReg);



}

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
/*
** Return true if any register in the range iFrom..iTo (inclusive)
** is used as part of the column cache.
**

    while( *z && p1 ){
      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z);
      p1--;
    }
    for(z2=z; *z2 && p2; p2--){
      SQLITE_SKIP_UTF8(z2);
    }
    sqlite3_result_text64(context, (char*)z, z2-z, SQLITE_TRANSIENT,
                          SQLITE_UTF8);
  }else{
    if( p1+p2>len ){
      p2 = len-p1;
      if( p2<0 ) p2 = 0;
    }
    sqlite3_result_blob64(context, (char*)&z[p1], (u64)p2, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
}

/*
** Implementation of the round() function
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT

  assert( nByte>0 );
  testcase( nByte==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] );
  testcase( nByte==db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]+1 );
  if( nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(context);
    z = 0;
  }else{
    z = sqlite3Malloc(nByte);
    if( !z ){
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
    }
  }
  return z;
}

    }else{
      *zOut++ = 0xF0 + (u8)((c>>18) & 0x07);
      *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)((c>>12) & 0x3F);
      *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)((c>>6) & 0x3F);
      *zOut++ = 0x80 + (u8)(c & 0x3F);
    }                                                    \
  }
  sqlite3_result_text64(context, (char*)z, zOut-z, sqlite3_free, SQLITE_UTF8);
}

/*
** The hex() function.  Interpret the argument as a blob.  Return
** a hexadecimal rendering as text.
*/
static void hexFunc(

    cmp = sqlite3MemCompare(pBest, pArg, pColl);
    if( (max && cmp<0) || (!max && cmp>0) ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pBest, pArg);
    }else{
      sqlite3SkipAccumulatorLoad(context);
    }
  }else{
    pBest->db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
    sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(pBest, pArg);
  }
}
static void minMaxFinalize(sqlite3_context *context){
  sqlite3_value *pRes;
  pRes = (sqlite3_value *)sqlite3_aggregate_context(context, 0);
  if( pRes ){

    FUNCTION(ltrim,              2, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(rtrim,              1, 2, 0, trimFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(rtrim,              2, 2, 0, trimFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(trim,               1, 3, 0, trimFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(trim,               2, 3, 0, trimFunc         ),
    FUNCTION(min,               -1, 0, 1, minmaxFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(min,                0, 0, 1, 0                ),
    AGGREGATE2(min,              1, 0, 1, minmaxStep,      minMaxFinalize,
                                          SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX ),
    FUNCTION(max,               -1, 1, 1, minmaxFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(max,                0, 1, 1, 0                ),
    AGGREGATE2(max,              1, 1, 1, minmaxStep,      minMaxFinalize,
                                          SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX ),
    FUNCTION2(typeof,            1, 0, 0, typeofFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
    FUNCTION2(length,            1, 0, 0, lengthFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH),
    FUNCTION(instr,              2, 0, 0, instrFunc        ),
    FUNCTION(substr,             2, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(substr,             3, 0, 0, substrFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(printf,            -1, 0, 0, printfFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(unicode,            1, 0, 0, unicodeFunc      ),

    FUNCTION2(likely,            1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY),
    VFUNCTION(random,            0, 0, 0, randomFunc       ),
    VFUNCTION(randomblob,        1, 0, 0, randomBlob       ),
    FUNCTION(nullif,             2, 0, 1, nullifFunc       ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_version,     0, 0, 0, versionFunc      ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_source_id,   0, 0, 0, sourceidFunc     ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_log,         2, 0, 0, errlogFunc       ),
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
    FUNCTION(sqlite_crypt,       2, 0, 0, sqlite3CryptFunc ),
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
    FUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_used,1, 0, 0, compileoptionusedFunc  ),
    FUNCTION(sqlite_compileoption_get, 1, 0, 0, compileoptiongetFunc  ),
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
    FUNCTION(quote,              1, 0, 0, quoteFunc        ),
    VFUNCTION(last_insert_rowid, 0, 0, 0, last_insert_rowid),
    VFUNCTION(changes,           0, 0, 0, changes          ),
    VFUNCTION(total_changes,     0, 0, 0, total_changes    ),
    FUNCTION(replace,            3, 0, 0, replaceFunc      ),
    FUNCTION(zeroblob,           1, 0, 0, zeroblobFunc     ),
  #ifdef SQLITE_SOUNDEX
    FUNCTION(soundex,            1, 0, 0, soundexFunc      ),
  #endif
  #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
    FUNCTION(load_extension,     1, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
    FUNCTION(load_extension,     2, 0, 0, loadExt          ),
  #endif
    AGGREGATE(sum,               1, 0, 0, sumStep,         sumFinalize    ),
    AGGREGATE(total,             1, 0, 0, sumStep,         totalFinalize    ),
    AGGREGATE(avg,               1, 0, 0, sumStep,         avgFinalize    ),
    AGGREGATE2(count,            0, 0, 0, countStep,       countFinalize,
               SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT  ),
    AGGREGATE(count,             1, 0, 0, countStep,       countFinalize  ),
    AGGREGATE(group_concat,      1, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize),
    AGGREGATE(group_concat,      2, 0, 0, groupConcatStep, groupConcatFinalize),
  
    LIKEFUNC(glob, 2, &globInfo, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),
  #ifdef SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
    LIKEFUNC(like, 2, &likeInfoAlt, SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE|SQLITE_FUNC_CASE),

/*
** Return a pointer to the column affinity string associated with index
** pIdx. A column affinity string has one character for each column in 
** the table, according to the affinity of the column:
**
**  Character      Column affinity
**  ------------------------------
**  'A'            NONE
**  'B'            TEXT
**  'C'            NUMERIC
**  'D'            INTEGER
**  'F'            REAL
**
** An extra 'D' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
**
** Memory for the buffer containing the column index affinity string
** is managed along with the rest of the Index structure. It will be
** released when sqlite3DeleteIndex() is called.
*/
const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(Vdbe *v, Index *pIdx){

** then just set the P4 operand of the previous opcode (which should  be
** an OP_MakeRecord) to the affinity string.
**
** A column affinity string has one character per column:
**
**  Character      Column affinity
**  ------------------------------
**  'A'            NONE
**  'B'            TEXT
**  'C'            NUMERIC
**  'D'            INTEGER
**  'E'            REAL
*/
void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe *v, Table *pTab, int iReg){
  int i;
  char *zColAff = pTab->zColAff;
  if( zColAff==0 ){
    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3VdbeDb(v);
    zColAff = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, pTab->nCol+1);

  }

exec_out:
  if( pStmt ) sqlite3VdbeFinalize((Vdbe *)pStmt);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, azCols);

  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
    int nErrMsg = 1 + sqlite3Strlen30(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3Malloc(nErrMsg);
    if( *pzErrMsg ){
      memcpy(*pzErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
      sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM);

** Inputs:
** A pointer to the function used to allocate memory.
**
** Outputs:
** A pointer to a parser.  This pointer is used in subsequent calls
** to Parse and ParseFree.
*/
void *ParseAlloc(void *(*mallocProc)(u64)){
  yyParser *pParser;
  pParser = (yyParser*)(*mallocProc)( (u64)sizeof(yyParser) );
  if( pParser ){
    pParser->yyidx = -1;
#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
    pParser->yyidxMax = 0;
#endif
#if YYSTACKDEPTH<=0
    pParser->yystack = NULL;

  sqlite3_stmt_busy,
  sqlite3_stmt_readonly,
  sqlite3_stricmp,
  sqlite3_uri_boolean,
  sqlite3_uri_int64,
  sqlite3_uri_parameter,
  sqlite3_vsnprintf,
  sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2,
  /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
  sqlite3_auto_extension,
  sqlite3_bind_blob64,
  sqlite3_bind_text64,
  sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension,
  sqlite3_load_extension,
  sqlite3_malloc64,
  sqlite3_msize,
  sqlite3_realloc64,
  sqlite3_reset_auto_extension,
  sqlite3_result_blob64,
  sqlite3_result_text64,
  sqlite3_strglob
};

/*
** Attempt to load an SQLite extension library contained in the file
** zFile.  The entry point is zProc.  zProc may be 0 in which case a
** default entry point name (sqlite3_extension_init) is used.  Use
** of the default name is recommended.

  }
  sqlite3HashClear(&db->aModule);
#endif

  sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_OK); /* Deallocates any cached error strings. */
  sqlite3ValueFree(db->pErr);
  sqlite3CloseExtensions(db);
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthUser);
  sqlite3_free(db->auth.zAuthPW);
#endif

  db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_ERROR;

  /* The temp-database schema is allocated differently from the other schema
  ** objects (using sqliteMalloc() directly, instead of sqlite3BtreeSchema()).
  ** So it needs to be freed here. Todo: Why not roll the temp schema into
  ** the same sqliteMalloc() as the one that allocates the database 

      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    sqlite3Error(db, rc);
    goto opendb_out;
  }
  db->aDb[0].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, db->aDb[0].pBt);
  db->aDb[1].pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, 0);


  /* The default safety_level for the main database is 'full'; for the temp
  ** database it is 'NONE'. This matches the pager layer defaults.  
  */
  db->aDb[0].zName = "main";
  db->aDb[0].safety_level = 3;
  db->aDb[1].zName = "temp";

  return nFull;
}

/*
** Allocate memory.  This routine is like sqlite3_malloc() except that it
** assumes the memory subsystem has already been initialized.
*/
void *sqlite3Malloc(u64 n){
  void *p;

  if( n==0 || n>=0x7fffff00 ){

    /* A memory allocation of a number of bytes which is near the maximum
    ** signed integer value might cause an integer overflow inside of the
    ** xMalloc().  Hence we limit the maximum size to 0x7fffff00, giving
    ** 255 bytes of overhead.  SQLite itself will never use anything near
    ** this amount.  The only way to reach the limit is with sqlite3_malloc() */
    p = 0;
  }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
    mallocWithAlarm((int)n, &p);
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
  }else{
    p = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xMalloc((int)n);
  }
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(p) );  /* IMP: R-04675-44850 */
  return p;
}

/*
** This version of the memory allocation is for use by the application.
** First make sure the memory subsystem is initialized, then do the
** allocation.
*/
void *sqlite3_malloc(int n){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
#endif
  return n<=0 ? 0 : sqlite3Malloc(n);
}
void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64 n){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
#endif
  return sqlite3Malloc(n);
}

/*
** Each thread may only have a single outstanding allocation from
** xScratchMalloc().  We verify this constraint in the single-threaded
** case by setting scratchAllocOut to 1 when an allocation

*/
int sqlite3MallocSize(void *p){
  assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
  assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
}
int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3 *db, void *p){
  if( db==0 ){
    return sqlite3MallocSize(p);
  }else{
    assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
    if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
      return db->lookaside.sz;
    }else{
      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
      assert( db!=0 || sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE) );
      return sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
    }
  }
}
sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void *p){
  return (sqlite3_uint64)sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xSize(p);
}

/*
** Free memory previously obtained from sqlite3Malloc().
*/
void sqlite3_free(void *p){
  if( p==0 ) return;  /* IMP: R-49053-54554 */
  assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );

  sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
  sqlite3_free(p);
}

/*
** Change the size of an existing memory allocation
*/
void *sqlite3Realloc(void *pOld, u64 nBytes){
  int nOld, nNew, nDiff;
  void *pNew;
  if( pOld==0 ){
    return sqlite3Malloc(nBytes); /* IMP: R-28354-25769 */
  }
  if( nBytes==0 ){
    sqlite3_free(pOld); /* IMP: R-31593-10574 */
    return 0;
  }
  if( nBytes>=0x7fffff00 ){
    /* The 0x7ffff00 limit term is explained in comments on sqlite3Malloc() */
    return 0;
  }
  nOld = sqlite3MallocSize(pOld);
  /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-46199-30249 SQLite guarantees that the second
  ** argument to xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to
  ** xRoundup. */
  nNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRoundup((int)nBytes);
  if( nOld==nNew ){
    pNew = pOld;
  }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
    sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
    sqlite3StatusSet(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, (int)nBytes);
    nDiff = nNew - nOld;
    if( sqlite3StatusValue(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED) >= 
          mem0.alarmThreshold-nDiff ){
      sqlite3MallocAlarm(nDiff);
    }
    assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(pOld, MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
    assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(pOld, ~MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
    pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
    if( pNew==0 && mem0.alarmCallback ){
      sqlite3MallocAlarm((int)nBytes);
      pNew = sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xRealloc(pOld, nNew);
    }
    if( pNew ){
      nNew = sqlite3MallocSize(pNew);
      sqlite3StatusAdd(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, nNew-nOld);
    }
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);

** The public interface to sqlite3Realloc.  Make sure that the memory
** subsystem is initialized prior to invoking sqliteRealloc.
*/
void *sqlite3_realloc(void *pOld, int n){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
#endif
  if( n<0 ) n = 0;
  return sqlite3Realloc(pOld, n);
}
void *sqlite3_realloc64(void *pOld, sqlite3_uint64 n){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
#endif
  return sqlite3Realloc(pOld, n);
}


/*
** Allocate and zero memory.
*/ 
void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64 n){
  void *p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
  if( p ){
    memset(p, 0, (size_t)n);
  }
  return p;
}

/*
** Allocate and zero memory.  If the allocation fails, make
** the mallocFailed flag in the connection pointer.
*/
void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3 *db, u64 n){
  void *p = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
  if( p ){
    memset(p, 0, (size_t)n);
  }
  return p;
}

/*
** Allocate and zero memory.  If the allocation fails, make
** the mallocFailed flag in the connection pointer.

**         int *a = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, 100);
**         int *b = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, 200);
**         if( b ) a[10] = 9;
**
** In other words, if a subsequent malloc (ex: "b") worked, it is assumed
** that all prior mallocs (ex: "a") worked too.
*/
void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3 *db, u64 n){
  void *p;
  assert( db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  assert( db==0 || db->pnBytesFreed==0 );
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
  if( db ){
    LookasideSlot *pBuf;
    if( db->mallocFailed ){

  return p;
}

/*
** Resize the block of memory pointed to by p to n bytes. If the
** resize fails, set the mallocFailed flag in the connection object.
*/
void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *db, void *p, u64 n){
  void *pNew = 0;
  assert( db!=0 );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
    if( p==0 ){
      return sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
    }
    if( isLookaside(db, p) ){
      if( n<=db->lookaside.sz ){
        return p;
      }
      pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n);
      if( pNew ){
        memcpy(pNew, p, db->lookaside.sz);
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
      }
    }else{
      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_DB) );
      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE|MEMTYPE_HEAP) );
      sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
      pNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p, n);
      if( !pNew ){
        sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_DB|MEMTYPE_HEAP);
        db->mallocFailed = 1;
      }
      sqlite3MemdebugSetType(pNew, MEMTYPE_DB | 
            (db->lookaside.bEnabled ? MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE : MEMTYPE_HEAP));
    }
  }
  return pNew;
}

/*
** Attempt to reallocate p.  If the reallocation fails, then free p
** and set the mallocFailed flag in the database connection.
*/
void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *db, void *p, u64 n){
  void *pNew;
  pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, p, n);
  if( !pNew ){
    sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
  }
  return pNew;
}

  assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, (int)n);
  if( zNew ){
    memcpy(zNew, z, n);
  }
  return zNew;
}
char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *z, u64 n){
  char *zNew;
  if( z==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  assert( (n&0x7fffffff)==n );
  zNew = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n+1);
  if( zNew ){
    memcpy(zNew, z, (size_t)n);
    zNew[n] = 0;
  }
  return zNew;
}

/*
** Create a string from the zFromat argument and the va_list that follows.

  unixLock,                 /* xLock method */
  unixUnlock,               /* xUnlock method */
  unixCheckReservedLock     /* xCheckReservedLock method */
)
IOMETHODS(
  nolockIoFinder,           /* Finder function name */
  nolockIoMethods,          /* sqlite3_io_methods object name */
  3,                        /* shared memory is disabled */
  nolockClose,              /* xClose method */
  nolockLock,               /* xLock method */
  nolockUnlock,             /* xUnlock method */
  nolockCheckReservedLock   /* xCheckReservedLock method */
)
IOMETHODS(
  dotlockIoFinder,          /* Finder function name */

  ** sqlite3_malloc() and pointed to by zMasterJournal.   Also obtain
  ** sufficient space (in zMasterPtr) to hold the names of master
  ** journal files extracted from regular rollback-journals.
  */
  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pMaster, &nMasterJournal);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;
  nMasterPtr = pVfs->mxPathname+1;
  zMasterJournal = sqlite3Malloc(nMasterJournal + nMasterPtr + 1);
  if( !zMasterJournal ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    goto delmaster_out;
  }
  zMasterPtr = &zMasterJournal[nMasterJournal+1];
  rc = sqlite3OsRead(pMaster, zMasterJournal, (int)nMasterJournal, 0);
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto delmaster_out;

** A read-lock must be held on the pager when this function is called. If
** the pager is in WAL mode and the WAL file currently contains one or more
** frames, return the size in bytes of the page images stored within the
** WAL frames. Otherwise, if this is not a WAL database or the WAL file
** is empty, return 0.
*/
int sqlite3PagerWalFramesize(Pager *pPager){
  assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER );
  return sqlite3WalFramesize(pPager->pWal);
}
#endif

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO */

  A = pRhs;
}
%type multiselect_op {int}
multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION(OP).             {A = @OP;}
multiselect_op(A) ::= UNION ALL.             {A = TK_ALL;}
multiselect_op(A) ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT(OP).  {A = @OP;}
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
oneselect(A) ::= SELECT(S) distinct(D) selcollist(W) from(X) where_opt(Y)
                 groupby_opt(P) having_opt(Q) orderby_opt(Z) limit_opt(L). {
  A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,W,X,Y,P,Q,Z,D,L.pLimit,L.pOffset);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  /* Populate the Select.zSelName[] string that is used to help with
  ** query planner debugging, to differentiate between multiple Select
  ** objects in a complex query.
  **
  ** If the SELECT keyword is immediately followed by a C-style comment
  ** then extract the first few alphanumeric characters from within that
  ** comment to be the zSelName value.  Otherwise, the label is #N where
  ** is an integer that is incremented with each SELECT statement seen.
  */
  if( A!=0 ){
    const char *z = S.z+6;
    int i;
    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(A->zSelName), A->zSelName, "#%d",
                     ++pParse->nSelect);
    while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
    if( z[0]=='/' && z[1]=='*' ){
      z += 2;
      while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
      for(i=0; sqlite3Isalnum(z[i]); i++){}
      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(A->zSelName), A->zSelName, "%.*s", i, z);
    }
  }
#endif /* SELECTRACE_ENABLED */
}
oneselect(A) ::= values(X).    {A = X;}

%type values {Select*}
%destructor values {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
values(A) ::= VALUES LP nexprlist(X) RP. {
  A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,X,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0,0);

# define expensive_assert(X)  assert(X)
#else
# define expensive_assert(X)
#endif

/********************************** Linked List Management ********************/


















/* Allowed values for second argument to pcacheManageDirtyList() */
#define PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_REMOVE   1    /* Remove pPage from dirty list */
#define PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_ADD      2    /* Add pPage to the dirty list */
#define PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_FRONT    3    /* Move pPage to the front of the list */

/*
** Manage pPage's participation on the dirty list.  Bits of the addRemove

      if( p->pDirty==0 && p->bPurgeable ){
        assert( p->eCreate==1 );
        p->eCreate = 2;
      }
    }
    pPage->pDirtyNext = 0;
    pPage->pDirtyPrev = 0;

  }
  if( addRemove & PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_ADD ){
    assert( pPage->pDirtyNext==0 && pPage->pDirtyPrev==0 && p->pDirty!=pPage );
  
    pPage->pDirtyNext = p->pDirty;
    if( pPage->pDirtyNext ){
      assert( pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev==0 );
      pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev = pPage;
    }else{
      p->pDirtyTail = pPage;
      if( p->bPurgeable ){
        assert( p->eCreate==2 );
        p->eCreate = 1;
      }



    }
    p->pDirty = pPage;
    if( !p->pSynced && 0==(pPage->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC) ){
      p->pSynced = pPage;
    }

  }
}

/*
** Wrapper around the pluggable caches xUnpin method. If the cache is
** being used for an in-memory database, this function is a no-op.
*/

  /* Find a dirty page to write-out and recycle. First try to find a 
  ** page that does not require a journal-sync (one with PGHDR_NEED_SYNC
  ** cleared), but if that is not possible settle for any other 
  ** unreferenced dirty page.
  */

  for(pPg=pCache->pSynced; 
      pPg && (pPg->nRef || (pPg->flags&PGHDR_NEED_SYNC)); 
      pPg=pPg->pDirtyPrev
  );
  pCache->pSynced = pPg;
  if( !pPg ){
    for(pPg=pCache->pDirtyTail; pPg && pPg->nRef; pPg=pPg->pDirtyPrev);

void SQLITE_NOINLINE sqlite3PcacheRelease(PgHdr *p){
  assert( p->nRef>0 );
  p->nRef--;
  if( p->nRef==0 ){
    p->pCache->nRef--;
    if( (p->flags&PGHDR_DIRTY)==0 ){
      pcacheUnpin(p);
    }else if( p->pDirtyPrev!=0 ){
      /* Move the page to the head of the dirty list. */
      pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_FRONT);
    }
  }
}

/*

    }else{
      int mask = aPragmaNames[mid].iArg;    /* Mask of bits to set or clear. */
      if( db->autoCommit==0 ){
        /* Foreign key support may not be enabled or disabled while not
        ** in auto-commit mode.  */
        mask &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys);
      }
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
      if( db->auth.authLevel==UAUTH_User ){
        /* Do not allow non-admin users to modify the schema arbitrarily */
        mask &= ~(SQLITE_WriteSchema);
      }
#endif

      if( sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0) ){
        db->flags |= mask;
      }else{
        db->flags &= ~mask;
        if( mask==SQLITE_DeferFKs ) db->nDeferredImmCons = 0;
      }

  {
    char *zSql;
    zSql = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
        "SELECT name, rootpage, sql FROM '%q'.%s ORDER BY rowid",
        db->aDb[iDb].zName, zMasterName);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
    {
      sqlite3_xauth xAuth;
      xAuth = db->xAuth;
      db->xAuth = 0;
#endif
      rc = sqlite3_exec(db, zSql, sqlite3InitCallback, &initData, 0);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
      db->xAuth = xAuth;
    }

** file was of zero-length, then the DB_Empty flag is also set.
*/
int sqlite3Init(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg){
  int i, rc;
  int commit_internal = !(db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges);
  
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  assert( db->init.busy==0 );
  rc = SQLITE_OK;
  db->init.busy = 1;
  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
    if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) || i==1 ) continue;
    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
    if( rc ){
      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, i);
    }
  }

  /* Once all the other databases have been initialized, load the schema
  ** for the TEMP database. This is loaded last, as the TEMP database
  ** schema may contain references to objects in other databases.
  */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
  assert( db->nDb>1 );
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 1, pzErrMsg);
    if( rc ){
      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, 1);
    }
  }
#endif

**
** This file contains code for a set of "printf"-like routines.  These
** routines format strings much like the printf() from the standard C
** library, though the implementation here has enhancements to support
** SQLlite.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** If the strchrnul() library function is available, then set
** HAVE_STRCHRNUL.  If that routine is not available, this module
** will supply its own.  The built-in version is slower than
** the glibc version so the glibc version is definitely preferred.
*/
#if !defined(HAVE_STRCHRNUL)
# if defined(linux)
#  define HAVE_STRCHRNUL 1
# else
#  define HAVE_STRCHRNUL 0
# endif
#endif


/*
** Conversion types fall into various categories as defined by the
** following enumeration.
*/
#define etRADIX       1 /* Integer types.  %d, %x, %o, and so forth */
#define etFLOAT       2 /* Floating point.  %f */

    useIntern = bFlags & SQLITE_PRINTF_INTERNAL;
  }else{
    bArgList = useIntern = 0;
  }
  for(; (c=(*fmt))!=0; ++fmt){
    if( c!='%' ){
      bufpt = (char *)fmt;
#if HAVE_STRCHRNUL
      fmt = strchrnul(fmt, '%');
#else
      do{ fmt++; }while( *fmt && *fmt != '%' );
#endif
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, bufpt, (int)(fmt - bufpt));
      if( *fmt==0 ) break;
    }
    if( (c=(*++fmt))==0 ){
      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(pAccum, "%", 1);
      break;
    }
    /* Find out what flags are present */
    flag_leftjustify = flag_plussign = flag_blanksign = 

            ** likelihood(X,0.9375).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-53436-40973 The likely(X) function is equivalent to
            ** likelihood(X,0.9375). */
            /* TUNING: unlikely() probability is 0.0625.  likely() is 0.9375 */
            pExpr->iTable = pDef->zName[0]=='u' ? 62 : 938;
          }             
        }

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION

        auth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_FUNCTION, 0, pDef->zName, 0);
        if( auth!=SQLITE_OK ){
          if( auth==SQLITE_DENY ){
            sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "not authorized to use function: %s",
                                    pDef->zName);
            pNC->nErr++;
          }
          pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
          return WRC_Prune;
        }
#endif
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr,EP_Constant);
      }

      if( is_agg && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowAgg)==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate function %.*s()", nId,zId);
        pNC->nErr++;
        is_agg = 0;
      }else if( no_such_func && pParse->db->init.busy==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such function: %.*s", nId, zId);
        pNC->nErr++;

        NameContext *pNC2 = pNC;
        pExpr->op = TK_AGG_FUNCTION;
        pExpr->op2 = 0;
        while( pNC2 && !sqlite3FunctionUsesThisSrc(pExpr, pNC2->pSrcList) ){
          pExpr->op2++;
          pNC2 = pNC2->pNext;
        }
        assert( pDef!=0 );
        if( pNC2 ){
          assert( SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX==NC_MinMaxAgg );
          testcase( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX)!=0 );
          pNC2->ncFlags |= NC_HasAgg | (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX);

        }
        pNC->ncFlags |= NC_AllowAgg;
      }
      /* FIX ME:  Compute pExpr->affinity based on the expected return
      ** type of the function 
      */
      return WRC_Prune;
    }

  
    /* If there are no aggregate functions in the result-set, and no GROUP BY 
    ** expression, do not allow aggregates in any of the other expressions.
    */
    assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 );
    pGroupBy = p->pGroupBy;
    if( pGroupBy || (sNC.ncFlags & NC_HasAgg)!=0 ){
      assert( NC_MinMaxAgg==SF_MinMaxAgg );
      p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate | (sNC.ncFlags&NC_MinMaxAgg);
    }else{
      sNC.ncFlags &= ~NC_AllowAgg;
    }
  
    /* If a HAVING clause is present, then there must be a GROUP BY clause.
    */
    if( p->pHaving && !pGroupBy ){

** An error message is left in pParse if anything is amiss.  The number
** if errors is returned.
*/
int sqlite3ResolveExprNames( 
  NameContext *pNC,       /* Namespace to resolve expressions in. */
  Expr *pExpr             /* The expression to be analyzed. */
){
  u16 savedHasAgg;
  Walker w;

  if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
  {
    Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
    if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, pExpr->nHeight+pNC->pParse->nHeight) ){
      return 1;
    }
    pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
  }
#endif
  savedHasAgg = pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
  pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
  w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
  w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
  w.pParse = pNC->pParse;
  w.u.pNC = pNC;
  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
  pNC->pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
#endif
  if( pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0 ){
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
  }
  if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg ){
    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);


  }
  pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
  return ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
}


/*
** Resolve all names in all expressions of a SELECT and in all
** decendents of the SELECT, including compounds off of p->pPrior,

**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains C code routines that are called by the parser
** to handle SELECT statements in SQLite.
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"

/*
** Trace output macros
*/
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
/***/ int sqlite3SelectTrace = 0;
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)  \
  if(sqlite3SelectTrace&(K))   \
    sqlite3DebugPrintf("%*s%s.%p: ",(P)->nSelectIndent*2-2,"",(S)->zSelName,(S)),\
    sqlite3DebugPrintf X
#else
# define SELECTTRACE(K,P,S,X)
#endif


/*
** An instance of the following object is used to record information about
** how to process the DISTINCT keyword, to simplify passing that information
** into the selectInnerLoop() routine.
*/
typedef struct DistinctCtx DistinctCtx;

    pNew = 0;
  }else{
    assert( pNew->pSrc!=0 || pParse->nErr>0 );
  }
  assert( pNew!=&standin );
  return pNew;
}

#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
/*
** Set the name of a Select object
*/
void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select *p, const char *zName){
  if( p && zName ){
    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->zSelName), p->zSelName, "%s", zName);
  }
}
#endif


/*
** Delete the given Select structure and all of its substructures.
*/
void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
  if( p ){
    clearSelect(db, p);

    pParse->nMem += nBase;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
  if( bSeq ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
  }
  if( nPrefixReg==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+bSeq, nData);
  }

  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase+nOBSat, nBase-nOBSat, regRecord);
  if( nOBSat>0 ){
    int regPrevKey;   /* The first nOBSat columns of the previous row */
    int addrFirst;    /* Address of the OP_IfNot opcode */
    int addrJmp;      /* Address of the OP_Jump opcode */

    addrJmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrJmp+1, 0, addrJmp+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
    pSort->labelBkOut = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
    pSort->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_ResetSorter, pSort->iECursor);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrFirst);
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regBase, regPrevKey, pSort->nOBSat);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrJmp);
  }
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    op = OP_SorterInsert;
  }else{
    op = OP_IdxInsert;
  }

**        single NULL.
**
**   (8)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
**
**   (9)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
**        aggregates.
**
**  (**)  Restriction (10) was removed from the code on 2005-02-05 but we
**        accidently carried the comment forward until 2014-09-15.  Original
**        text: "The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query does not
**        use LIMIT."
**
**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
**
**  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
**        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
**
**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT.

**
**  (22)  The subquery is not a recursive CTE.
**
**  (23)  The parent is not a recursive CTE, or the sub-query is not a
**        compound query. This restriction is because transforming the
**        parent to a compound query confuses the code that handles
**        recursive queries in multiSelect().
**
**  (24)  The subquery is not an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or 
**        or max() functions.  (Without this restriction, a query like:
**        "SELECT x FROM (SELECT max(y), x FROM t1)" would not necessarily
**        return the value X for which Y was maximal.)
**
**
** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom].  isAgg is true if the outer query
** uses aggregates and subqueryIsAgg is true if the subquery uses aggregates.
**
** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.

     return 0;                                           /* Restriction (11) */
  }
  if( isAgg && pSub->pOrderBy ) return 0;                /* Restriction (16) */
  if( pSub->pLimit && p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Restriction (19) */
  if( pSub->pLimit && (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 ){
     return 0;         /* Restriction (21) */
  }
  testcase( pSub->selFlags & SF_Recursive );
  testcase( pSub->selFlags & SF_MinMaxAgg );
  if( pSub->selFlags & (SF_Recursive|SF_MinMaxAgg) ){
    return 0; /* Restrictions (22) and (24) */
  }
  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive) && pSub->pPrior ){
    return 0; /* Restriction (23) */
  }

  /* OBSOLETE COMMENT 1:
  ** Restriction 3:  If the subquery is a join, make sure the subquery is 
  ** not used as the right operand of an outer join.  Examples of why this
  ** is not allowed:
  **
  **         t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 JOIN t3)

      for(ii=0; ii<p->pOrderBy->nExpr; ii++){
        if( p->pOrderBy->a[ii].u.x.iOrderByCol==0 ) return 0;
      }
    }
  }

  /***** If we reach this point, flattening is permitted. *****/
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("flatten %s.%p from term %d\n",
                   pSub->zSelName, pSub, iFrom));

  /* Authorize the subquery */
  pParse->zAuthContext = pSubitem->zName;
  TESTONLY(i =) sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
  testcase( i==SQLITE_DENY );
  pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;

    Select *pPrior = p->pPrior;
    p->pOrderBy = 0;
    p->pSrc = 0;
    p->pPrior = 0;
    p->pLimit = 0;
    p->pOffset = 0;
    pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p, 0);
    sqlite3SelectSetName(pNew, pSub->zSelName);
    p->pOffset = pOffset;
    p->pLimit = pLimit;
    p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
    p->pSrc = pSrc;
    p->op = TK_ALL;
    if( pNew==0 ){
      p->pPrior = pPrior;
    }else{
      pNew->pPrior = pPrior;
      if( pPrior ) pPrior->pNext = pNew;
      pNew->pNext = p;
      p->pPrior = pNew;
      SELECTTRACE(2,pParse,p,
         ("compound-subquery flattener creates %s.%p as peer\n",
         pNew->zSelName, pNew));
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ) return 1;
  }

  /* Begin flattening the iFrom-th entry of the FROM clause 
  ** in the outer query.
  */

    }
    substExprList(db, pParent->pEList, iParent, pSub->pEList);
    if( isAgg ){
      substExprList(db, pParent->pGroupBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
      pParent->pHaving = substExpr(db, pParent->pHaving, iParent, pSub->pEList);
    }
    if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
      /* At this point, any non-zero iOrderByCol values indicate that the
      ** ORDER BY column expression is identical to the iOrderByCol'th
      ** expression returned by SELECT statement pSub. Since these values
      ** do not necessarily correspond to columns in SELECT statement pParent,
      ** zero them before transfering the ORDER BY clause.
      **
      ** Not doing this may cause an error if a subsequent call to this
      ** function attempts to flatten a compound sub-query into pParent
      ** (the only way this can happen is if the compound sub-query is
      ** currently part of pSub->pSrc). See ticket [d11a6e908f].  */
      ExprList *pOrderBy = pSub->pOrderBy;
      for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
        pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol = 0;
      }
      assert( pParent->pOrderBy==0 );
      assert( pSub->pPrior==0 );
      pParent->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
      pSub->pOrderBy = 0;
    }else if( pParent->pOrderBy ){
      substExprList(db, pParent->pOrderBy, iParent, pSub->pEList);
    }
    if( pSub->pWhere ){
      pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pWhere, 0);
    }else{

      pTab->nRef++;
#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined (SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
      if( pTab->pSelect || IsVirtual(pTab) ){
        /* We reach here if the named table is a really a view */
        if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ) return WRC_Abort;
        assert( pFrom->pSelect==0 );
        pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTab->pSelect, 0);
        sqlite3SelectSetName(pFrom->pSelect, pTab->zName);
        sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pFrom->pSelect);
      }
#endif
    }

    /* Locate the index named by the INDEXED BY clause, if any. */
    if( sqlite3IndexedByLookup(pParse, pFrom) ){

  db = pParse->db;
  if( p==0 || db->mallocFailed || pParse->nErr ){
    return 1;
  }
  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_SELECT, 0, 0, 0) ) return 1;
  memset(&sAggInfo, 0, sizeof(sAggInfo));
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  pParse->nSelectIndent++;
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p, ("begin processing\n"));
#endif

  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistFifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Fifo );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_DistQueue );
  assert( p->pOrderBy==0 || pDest->eDest!=SRT_Queue );
  if( IgnorableOrderby(pDest) ){
    assert(pDest->eDest==SRT_Exists || pDest->eDest==SRT_Union || 

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
  /* If there is are a sequence of queries, do the earlier ones first.
  */
  if( p->pPrior ){
    rc = multiSelect(pParse, p, pDest);
    explainSetInteger(pParse->iSelectId, iRestoreSelectId);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
    SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("end compound-select processing\n"));
    pParse->nSelectIndent--;
#endif
    return rc;
  }
#endif

  /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
  ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
  ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:

  */
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pDest->eDest==SRT_Output ){
    generateColumnNames(pParse, pTabList, pEList);
  }

  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aCol);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("end processing\n"));
  pParse->nSelectIndent--;
#endif
  return rc;
}

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_TREE_EXPLAIN)
/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/

#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "sqlite3.h"
#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
# include "sqlite3userauth.h"
#endif
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
# include <signal.h>
# if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
#  include <pwd.h>

    }else if( rc != SQLITE_OK ){
      fprintf(stderr,"Error: querying schema information\n");
      rc = 1;
    }else{
      rc = 0;
    }
  }else

#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
  if( c=='s' && n==11 && strncmp(azArg[0], "selecttrace", n)==0 ){
    extern int sqlite3SelectTrace;
    sqlite3SelectTrace = nArg>=2 ? booleanValue(azArg[1]) : 0xff;
  }else
#endif

#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
  if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0],"session",n)==0 && n>=3 ){
    OpenSession *pSession = &p->aSession[0];
    char **azCmd = &azArg[1];
    int iSes = 0;
    int nCmd = nArg - 1;

      sqlite3_trace(p->db, 0, 0);
    }else{
      sqlite3_trace(p->db, sql_trace_callback, p->traceOut);
    }
#endif
  }else

#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  if( c=='u' && strncmp(azArg[0], "user", n)==0 ){
    if( nArg<2 ){
      fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .user SUBCOMMAND ...\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }
    open_db(p, 0);
    if( strcmp(azArg[1],"login")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=4 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .user login USER PASSWORD\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3],
                                    (int)strlen(azArg[3]));
      if( rc ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Authentication failed for user %s\n", azArg[2]);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"add")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=5 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .user add USER PASSWORD ISADMIN\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2],
                            azArg[3], (int)strlen(azArg[3]),
                            booleanValue(azArg[4]));
      if( rc ){
        fprintf(stderr, "User-Add failed: %d\n", rc);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"edit")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=5 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .user edit USER PASSWORD ISADMIN\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2],
                              azArg[3], (int)strlen(azArg[3]),
                              booleanValue(azArg[4]));
      if( rc ){
        fprintf(stderr, "User-Edit failed: %d\n", rc);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"delete")==0 ){
      if( nArg!=3 ){
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .user delete USER\n");
        rc = 1;
        goto meta_command_exit;
      }
      rc = sqlite3_user_delete(p->db, azArg[2]);
      if( rc ){
        fprintf(stderr, "User-Delete failed: %d\n", rc);
        rc = 1;
      }
    }else{
      fprintf(stderr, "Usage: .user login|add|edit|delete ...\n");
      rc = 1;
      goto meta_command_exit;
    }    
  }else
#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

  if( c=='v' && strncmp(azArg[0], "version", n)==0 ){
    fprintf(p->out, "SQLite %s %s\n" /*extra-version-info*/,
        sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
  }else

  if( c=='v' && strncmp(azArg[0], "vfsname", n)==0 ){
    const char *zDbName = nArg==2 ? azArg[1] : "main";

#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
#define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))

/*
** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
**
** These bit values are intended for use in the
** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.

**
** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
** a NULL pointer.
**
** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
** of a signed 32-bit integer.
**
** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
**
** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.

** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
** sqlite3_malloc(N).
** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
** sqlite3_free(X).
** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
** prior allocation is not freed.
**
** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
** of a 32-bit signed integer.
**
** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
**
** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
** option is used.
**
** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability

** not yet been released.
**
** The application must not read or write any part of
** a block of memory after it has been released using
** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
*/
void *sqlite3_malloc(int);
void *sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
void *sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
void *sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
void sqlite3_free(void*);
sqlite3_uint64 sqlite3_msize(void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
**
** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.

** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
** is negative, then the length of the string is
** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
** the behavior is undefined.
** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
** that parameter must be the byte offset
** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than 
** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
** with embedded NULs is undefined.
**
** ^The fifth argument to sqlite3_bind_blob(), sqlite3_bind_text(), and
** sqlite3_bind_text16() is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to sqlite3_bind_blob(),
** sqlite3_bind_text(), or sqlite3_bind_text16() fails.  
** ^If the fifth argument is
** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
**
** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not how of the
** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
** is undefined.
**
** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
** content is later written using
** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.

** result is undefined and probably harmful.
**
** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
**
** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
**
** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
*/
int sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
                        void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
int sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
int sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
int sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
int sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
**
** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]

** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
** value given in the 2nd argument.
**
** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
**
** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be()
** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
** through the first zero character.
** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text

** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
**
** If these routines are called from within the different thread
** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
*/
void sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
void sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
void sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
void sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
void sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                           void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
void sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);

/*

  int (*stmt_readonly)(sqlite3_stmt*);
  int (*stricmp)(const char*,const char*);
  int (*uri_boolean)(const char*,const char*,int);
  sqlite3_int64 (*uri_int64)(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64);
  const char *(*uri_parameter)(const char*,const char*);
  char *(*vsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
  int (*wal_checkpoint_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int*,int*);
  /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
  int (*auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
  int (*bind_blob64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const void*,sqlite3_uint64,
                     void(*)(void*));
  int (*bind_text64)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                      void(*)(void*),unsigned char);
  int (*cancel_auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
  int (*load_extension)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,char**);
  void *(*malloc64)(sqlite3_uint64);
  sqlite3_uint64 (*msize)(void*);
  void *(*realloc64)(void*,sqlite3_uint64);
  void (*reset_auto_extension)(void);
  void (*result_blob64)(sqlite3_context*,const void*,sqlite3_uint64,
                        void(*)(void*));
  void (*result_text64)(sqlite3_context*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                         void(*)(void*), unsigned char);
  int (*strglob)(const char*,const char*);
};

/*
** The following macros redefine the API routines so that they are
** redirected through the global sqlite3_api structure.
**
** This header file is also used by the loadext.c source file

#define sqlite3_stmt_readonly          sqlite3_api->stmt_readonly
#define sqlite3_stricmp                sqlite3_api->stricmp
#define sqlite3_uri_boolean            sqlite3_api->uri_boolean
#define sqlite3_uri_int64              sqlite3_api->uri_int64
#define sqlite3_uri_parameter          sqlite3_api->uri_parameter
#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
#define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2      sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint_v2
/* Version 3.8.7 and later */
#define sqlite3_auto_extension         sqlite3_api->auto_extension
#define sqlite3_bind_blob64            sqlite3_api->bind_blob64
#define sqlite3_bind_text64            sqlite3_api->bind_text64
#define sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension  sqlite3_api->cancel_auto_extension
#define sqlite3_load_extension         sqlite3_api->load_extension
#define sqlite3_malloc64               sqlite3_api->malloc64
#define sqlite3_msize                  sqlite3_api->msize
#define sqlite3_realloc64              sqlite3_api->realloc64
#define sqlite3_reset_auto_extension   sqlite3_api->reset_auto_extension
#define sqlite3_result_blob64          sqlite3_api->result_blob64
#define sqlite3_result_text64          sqlite3_api->result_text64
#define sqlite3_strglob                sqlite3_api->strglob
#endif /* SQLITE_CORE */

#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
  /* This case when the file really is being compiled as a loadable 
  ** extension */
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1     const sqlite3_api_routines *sqlite3_api=0;
# define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(v)  sqlite3_api=v;

# define _LARGE_FILE       1
# ifndef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
#   define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
# endif
# define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE 1
#endif

/* Needed for various definitions... */
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
# define _GNU_SOURCE
#endif

#if defined(__OpenBSD__) && !defined(_BSD_SOURCE)
# define _BSD_SOURCE
#endif

/*
** For MinGW, check to see if we can include the header file containing its
** version information, among other things.  Normally, this internal MinGW
** header file would [only] be included automatically by other MinGW header
** files; however, the contained version information is now required by this
** header file to work around binary compatibility issues (see below) and
** this is the only known way to reliably obtain it.  This entire #if block

#pragma warn -rch /* unreachable code */
#pragma warn -ccc /* Condition is always true or false */
#pragma warn -aus /* Assigned value is never used */
#pragma warn -csu /* Comparing signed and unsigned */
#pragma warn -spa /* Suspicious pointer arithmetic */
#endif










/*
** Include standard header files as necessary
*/
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H

# define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
#elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
# define SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 1
#elif SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
# undef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
#endif

/*
** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
*/
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
# define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
#else
# define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
#endif

/*
** An instance of the following structure is used to store the busy-handler
** callback for a given sqlite handle. 
**
** The sqlite.busyHandler member of the sqlite struct contains the busy
** callback for the database handle. Each pager opened via the sqlite
** handle is passed a pointer to sqlite.busyHandler. The busy-handler

**
** Hash each FuncDef structure into one of the FuncDefHash.a[] slots.
** Collisions are on the FuncDef.pHash chain.
*/
struct FuncDefHash {
  FuncDef *a[23];       /* Hash table for functions */
};

#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** Information held in the "sqlite3" database connection object and used
** to manage user authentication.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3_userauth sqlite3_userauth;
struct sqlite3_userauth {
  u8 authLevel;                 /* Current authentication level */
  int nAuthPW;                  /* Size of the zAuthPW in bytes */
  char *zAuthPW;                /* Password used to authenticate */
  char *zAuthUser;              /* User name used to authenticate */
};

/* Allowed values for sqlite3_userauth.authLevel */
#define UAUTH_Unknown     0     /* Authentication not yet checked */
#define UAUTH_Fail        1     /* User authentication failed */
#define UAUTH_User        2     /* Authenticated as a normal user */
#define UAUTH_Admin       3     /* Authenticated as an administrator */

/* Functions used only by user authorization logic */
int sqlite3UserAuthTable(const char*);
int sqlite3UserAuthCheckLogin(sqlite3*,const char*,u8*);
void sqlite3UserAuthInit(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3CryptFunc(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);

#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

/*
** typedef for the authorization callback function.
*/
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                               const char*, const char*);
#else
  typedef int (*sqlite3_xauth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                               const char*);
#endif


/*
** Each database connection is an instance of the following structure.
*/
struct sqlite3 {
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;            /* OS Interface */
  struct Vdbe *pVdbe;           /* List of active virtual machines */

  sqlite3_value *pErr;          /* Most recent error message */
  union {
    volatile int isInterrupted; /* True if sqlite3_interrupt has been called */
    double notUsed1;            /* Spacer */
  } u1;
  Lookaside lookaside;          /* Lookaside malloc configuration */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION

  sqlite3_xauth xAuth;          /* Access authorization function */
  void *pAuthArg;               /* 1st argument to the access auth function */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
  int (*xProgress)(void *);     /* The progress callback */
  void *pProgressArg;           /* Argument to the progress callback */
  unsigned nProgressOps;        /* Number of opcodes for progress callback */
#endif

  Savepoint *pSavepoint;        /* List of active savepoints */
  int busyTimeout;              /* Busy handler timeout, in msec */
  int nSavepoint;               /* Number of non-transaction savepoints */
  int nStatement;               /* Number of nested statement-transactions  */
  i64 nDeferredCons;            /* Net deferred constraints this transaction. */
  i64 nDeferredImmCons;         /* Net deferred immediate constraints */
  int *pnBytesFreed;            /* If not NULL, increment this in DbFree() */

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
  /* The following variables are all protected by the STATIC_MASTER 
  ** mutex, not by sqlite3.mutex. They are used by code in notify.c. 
  **
  ** When X.pUnlockConnection==Y, that means that X is waiting for Y to
  ** unlock so that it can proceed.
  **
  ** When X.pBlockingConnection==Y, that means that something that X tried
  ** tried to do recently failed with an SQLITE_LOCKED error due to locks
  ** held by Y.
  */
  sqlite3 *pBlockingConnection; /* Connection that caused SQLITE_LOCKED */
  sqlite3 *pUnlockConnection;           /* Connection to watch for unlock */
  void *pUnlockArg;                     /* Argument to xUnlockNotify */
  void (*xUnlockNotify)(void **, int);  /* Unlock notify callback */
  sqlite3 *pNextBlocked;        /* Next in list of all blocked connections */
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  sqlite3_userauth auth;        /* User authentication information */
#endif
};

/*
** A macro to discover the encoding of a database.
*/
#define ENC(db) ((db)->aDb[0].pSchema->enc)

#define SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL 0x020 /* sqlite3GetFuncCollSeq() might be called */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_LENGTH   0x040 /* Built-in length() function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF   0x080 /* Built-in typeof() function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_COUNT    0x100 /* Built-in count(*) aggregate */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_COALESCE 0x200 /* Built-in coalesce() or ifnull() */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY 0x400 /* Built-in unlikely() function */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT 0x800 /* Constant inputs give a constant output */
#define SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX  0x1000 /* True for min() and max() aggregates */

/*
** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
** used to create the initializers for the FuncDef structures.
**
**   FUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
**     Used to create a scalar function definition of a function zName 

  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
   pArg, 0, xFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
#define LIKEFUNC(zName, nArg, arg, flags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|flags, \
   (void *)arg, 0, likeFunc, 0, 0, #zName, 0, 0}
#define AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName,0,0}
#define AGGREGATE2(zName, nArg, arg, nc, xStep, xFinal, extraFlags) \
  {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(nc*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags, \
   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(arg), 0, 0, xStep,xFinal,#zName,0,0}

/*
** All current savepoints are stored in a linked list starting at
** sqlite3.pSavepoint. The first element in the list is the most recently
** opened savepoint. Savepoints are added to the list by the vdbe
** OP_Savepoint instruction.

/*
** Column affinity types.
**
** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  
**
** But rather than start with 0 or 1, we begin with 'A'.  That way,
** when multiple affinity types are concatenated into a string and
** used as the P4 operand, they will be more readable.
**
** Note also that the numeric types are grouped together so that testing
** for a numeric type is a single comparison.  And the NONE type is first.
*/
#define SQLITE_AFF_NONE     'A'
#define SQLITE_AFF_TEXT     'B'
#define SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC  'C'
#define SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER  'D'
#define SQLITE_AFF_REAL     'E'

#define sqlite3IsNumericAffinity(X)  ((X)>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC)

/*
** The SQLITE_AFF_MASK values masks off the significant bits of an
** affinity value. 
*/
#define SQLITE_AFF_MASK     0x47

/*
** Additional bit values that can be ORed with an affinity without
** changing the affinity.
**
** The SQLITE_NOTNULL flag is a combination of NULLEQ and JUMPIFNULL.
** It causes an assert() to fire if either operand to a comparison
** operator is NULL.  It is added to certain comparison operators to
** prove that the operands are always NOT NULL.
*/
#define SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL   0x10  /* jumps if either operand is NULL */
#define SQLITE_STOREP2      0x20  /* Store result in reg[P2] rather than jump */
#define SQLITE_NULLEQ       0x80  /* NULL=NULL */
#define SQLITE_NOTNULL      0x90  /* Assert that operands are never NULL */

/*
** An object of this type is created for each virtual table present in
** the database schema. 
**
** If the database schema is shared, then there is one instance of this
** structure for each database connection (sqlite3*) that uses the shared

  Parse *pParse;       /* The parser */
  SrcList *pSrcList;   /* One or more tables used to resolve names */
  ExprList *pEList;    /* Optional list of result-set columns */
  AggInfo *pAggInfo;   /* Information about aggregates at this level */
  NameContext *pNext;  /* Next outer name context.  NULL for outermost */
  int nRef;            /* Number of names resolved by this context */
  int nErr;            /* Number of errors encountered while resolving names */
  u16 ncFlags;         /* Zero or more NC_* flags defined below */
};

/*
** Allowed values for the NameContext, ncFlags field.
**
** Note:  NC_MinMaxAgg must have the same value as SF_MinMaxAgg and
** SQLITE_FUNC_MINMAX.
** 
*/
#define NC_AllowAgg  0x0001  /* Aggregate functions are allowed here */
#define NC_HasAgg    0x0002  /* One or more aggregate functions seen */
#define NC_IsCheck   0x0004  /* True if resolving names in a CHECK constraint */
#define NC_InAggFunc 0x0008  /* True if analyzing arguments to an agg func */
#define NC_PartIdx   0x0010  /* True if resolving a partial index WHERE */
#define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */

/*
** An instance of the following structure contains all information
** needed to generate code for a single SELECT statement.
**
** nLimit is set to -1 if there is no LIMIT clause.  nOffset is set to 0.
** If there is a LIMIT clause, the parser sets nLimit to the value of the

** sequences for the ORDER BY clause.
*/
struct Select {
  ExprList *pEList;      /* The fields of the result */
  u8 op;                 /* One of: TK_UNION TK_ALL TK_INTERSECT TK_EXCEPT */
  u16 selFlags;          /* Various SF_* values */
  int iLimit, iOffset;   /* Memory registers holding LIMIT & OFFSET counters */
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  char zSelName[12];     /* Symbolic name of this SELECT use for debugging */
#endif
  int addrOpenEphm[2];   /* OP_OpenEphem opcodes related to this select */
  u64 nSelectRow;        /* Estimated number of result rows */
  SrcList *pSrc;         /* The FROM clause */
  Expr *pWhere;          /* The WHERE clause */
  ExprList *pGroupBy;    /* The GROUP BY clause */
  Expr *pHaving;         /* The HAVING clause */
  ExprList *pOrderBy;    /* The ORDER BY clause */

*/
#define SF_Distinct        0x0001  /* Output should be DISTINCT */
#define SF_Resolved        0x0002  /* Identifiers have been resolved */
#define SF_Aggregate       0x0004  /* Contains aggregate functions */
#define SF_UsesEphemeral   0x0008  /* Uses the OpenEphemeral opcode */
#define SF_Expanded        0x0010  /* sqlite3SelectExpand() called on this */
#define SF_HasTypeInfo     0x0020  /* FROM subqueries have Table metadata */
#define SF_Compound        0x0040  /* Part of a compound query */
#define SF_Values          0x0080  /* Synthesized from VALUES clause */
                    /*     0x0100  NOT USED */
#define SF_NestedFrom      0x0200  /* Part of a parenthesized FROM clause */
#define SF_MaybeConvert    0x0400  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
#define SF_Recursive       0x0800  /* The recursive part of a recursive CTE */
#define SF_MinMaxAgg       0x1000  /* Aggregate containing min() or max() */


/*
** The results of a SELECT can be distributed in several ways, as defined
** by one of the following macros.  The "SRT" prefix means "SELECT Result
** Type".
**

  Token constraintName;/* Name of the constraint currently being parsed */
  yDbMask writeMask;   /* Start a write transaction on these databases */
  yDbMask cookieMask;  /* Bitmask of schema verified databases */
  int cookieValue[SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED+2];  /* Values of cookies to verify */
  int regRowid;        /* Register holding rowid of CREATE TABLE entry */
  int regRoot;         /* Register holding root page number for new objects */
  int nMaxArg;         /* Max args passed to user function by sub-program */
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  int nSelect;         /* Number of SELECT statements seen */
  int nSelectIndent;   /* How far to indent SELECTTRACE() output */
#endif
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
  int nTableLock;        /* Number of locks in aTableLock */
  TableLock *aTableLock; /* Required table locks for shared-cache mode */
#endif
  AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */

  /* Information used while coding trigger programs. */

*/
#define sqlite3StrICmp sqlite3_stricmp
int sqlite3Strlen30(const char*);
#define sqlite3StrNICmp sqlite3_strnicmp

int sqlite3MallocInit(void);
void sqlite3MallocEnd(void);
void *sqlite3Malloc(u64);
void *sqlite3MallocZero(u64);
void *sqlite3DbMallocZero(sqlite3*, u64);
void *sqlite3DbMallocRaw(sqlite3*, u64);
char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
void sqlite3DbFree(sqlite3*, void*);
int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
void sqlite3PageFree(void*);

void sqlite3UniqueConstraint(Parse*, int, Index*);
void sqlite3RowidConstraint(Parse*, int, Table*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprDup(sqlite3*,Expr*,int);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListDup(sqlite3*,ExprList*,int);
SrcList *sqlite3SrcListDup(sqlite3*,SrcList*,int);
IdList *sqlite3IdListDup(sqlite3*,IdList*);
Select *sqlite3SelectDup(sqlite3*,Select*,int);
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
void sqlite3SelectSetName(Select*,const char*);
#else
# define sqlite3SelectSetName(A,B)
#endif
void sqlite3FuncDefInsert(FuncDefHash*, FuncDef*);
FuncDef *sqlite3FindFunction(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int,u8,u8);
void sqlite3RegisterBuiltinFunctions(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void);
void sqlite3RegisterGlobalFunctions(void);
int sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk(sqlite3*);

void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);
#endif

/*
** The interface to the LEMON-generated parser
*/
void *sqlite3ParserAlloc(void*(*)(u64));
void sqlite3ParserFree(void*, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3Parser(void*, int, Token, Parse*);
#ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
  int sqlite3ParserStackPeak(void*);
#endif

void sqlite3AutoLoadExtensions(sqlite3*);

/*
** This structure is used to pass data from sqlite3_get_table() through
** to the callback function is uses to build the result.
*/
typedef struct TabResult {
  char **azResult;   /* Accumulated output */
  char *zErrMsg;     /* Error message text, if an error occurs */
  u32 nAlloc;        /* Slots allocated for azResult[] */
  u32 nRow;          /* Number of rows in the result */
  u32 nColumn;       /* Number of columns in the result */
  u32 nData;         /* Slots used in azResult[].  (nRow+1)*nColumn */
  int rc;            /* Return code from sqlite3_exec() */
} TabResult;

/*
** This routine is called once for each row in the result table.  Its job
** is to fill in the TabResult structure appropriately, allocating new
** memory as necessary.

    need = nCol*2;
  }else{
    need = nCol;
  }
  if( p->nData + need > p->nAlloc ){
    char **azNew;
    p->nAlloc = p->nAlloc*2 + need;
    azNew = sqlite3_realloc64( p->azResult, sizeof(char*)*p->nAlloc );
    if( azNew==0 ) goto malloc_failed;
    p->azResult = azNew;
  }

  /* If this is the first row, then generate an extra row containing
  ** the names of all columns.
  */
  if( p->nRow==0 ){
    p->nColumn = nCol;
    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
      z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", colv[i]);
      if( z==0 ) goto malloc_failed;
      p->azResult[p->nData++] = z;
    }
  }else if( (int)p->nColumn!=nCol ){
    sqlite3_free(p->zErrMsg);
    p->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
       "sqlite3_get_table() called with two or more incompatible queries"
    );
    p->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    return 1;
  }

static int auth_callback(
  void *pArg,
  int code,
  const char *zArg1,
  const char *zArg2,
  const char *zArg3,
  const char *zArg4
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  ,const char *zArg5
#endif
){
  const char *zCode;
  Tcl_DString str;
  int rc;
  const char *zReply;
  SqliteDb *pDb = (SqliteDb*)pArg;
  if( pDb->disableAuth ) return SQLITE_OK;

  Tcl_DStringInit(&str);
  Tcl_DStringAppend(&str, pDb->zAuth, -1);
  Tcl_DStringAppendElement(&str, zCode);
  Tcl_DStringAppendElement(&str, zArg1 ? zArg1 : "");
  Tcl_DStringAppendElement(&str, zArg2 ? zArg2 : "");
  Tcl_DStringAppendElement(&str, zArg3 ? zArg3 : "");
  Tcl_DStringAppendElement(&str, zArg4 ? zArg4 : "");
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  Tcl_DStringAppendElement(&str, zArg5 ? zArg5 : "");
#endif  
  rc = Tcl_GlobalEval(pDb->interp, Tcl_DStringValue(&str));
  Tcl_DStringFree(&str);
  zReply = rc==TCL_OK ? Tcl_GetStringResult(pDb->interp) : "SQLITE_DENY";
  if( strcmp(zReply,"SQLITE_OK")==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }else if( strcmp(zReply,"SQLITE_DENY")==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_DENY;

      if( zAuth && len>0 ){
        pDb->zAuth = Tcl_Alloc( len + 1 );
        memcpy(pDb->zAuth, zAuth, len+1);
      }else{
        pDb->zAuth = 0;
      }
      if( pDb->zAuth ){
        typedef int (*sqlite3_auth_cb)(
           void*,int,const char*,const char*,
           const char*,const char*);
        pDb->interp = interp;
        sqlite3_set_authorizer(pDb->db,(sqlite3_auth_cb)auth_callback,pDb);
      }else{
        sqlite3_set_authorizer(pDb->db, 0, 0);
      }
    }
#endif
    break;
  }

  return TCL_OK;
 sql_error:
  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "sql error: ", sqlite3_errmsg(db), 0);
  return TCL_ERROR;
}


#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
#include "sqlite3userauth.h"
/*
** tclcmd:  sqlite3_user_authenticate DB USERNAME PASSWORD
*/
static int test_user_authenticate(
  ClientData clientData, /* Unused */
  Tcl_Interp *interp,    /* The TCL interpreter that invoked this command */
  int objc,              /* Number of arguments */
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]  /* Command arguments */
){
  char *zUser = 0;
  char *zPasswd = 0;
  int nPasswd = 0;
  sqlite3 *db;
  int rc;

  if( objc!=4 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "DB USERNAME PASSWORD");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ){
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  zUser = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]);
  zPasswd = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[3], &nPasswd);
  rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(db, zUser, zPasswd, nPasswd);
  Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)t1ErrorName(rc), TCL_STATIC);
  return TCL_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** tclcmd:  sqlite3_user_add DB USERNAME PASSWORD ISADMIN
*/
static int test_user_add(
  ClientData clientData, /* Unused */
  Tcl_Interp *interp,    /* The TCL interpreter that invoked this command */
  int objc,              /* Number of arguments */
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]  /* Command arguments */
){
  char *zUser = 0;
  char *zPasswd = 0;
  int nPasswd = 0;
  int isAdmin = 0;
  sqlite3 *db;
  int rc;

  if( objc!=5 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "DB USERNAME PASSWORD ISADMIN");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ){
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  zUser = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]);
  zPasswd = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[3], &nPasswd);
  Tcl_GetBooleanFromObj(interp, objv[4], &isAdmin);
  rc = sqlite3_user_add(db, zUser, zPasswd, nPasswd, isAdmin);
  Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)t1ErrorName(rc), TCL_STATIC);
  return TCL_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** tclcmd:  sqlite3_user_change DB USERNAME PASSWORD ISADMIN
*/
static int test_user_change(
  ClientData clientData, /* Unused */
  Tcl_Interp *interp,    /* The TCL interpreter that invoked this command */
  int objc,              /* Number of arguments */
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]  /* Command arguments */
){
  char *zUser = 0;
  char *zPasswd = 0;
  int nPasswd = 0;
  int isAdmin = 0;
  sqlite3 *db;
  int rc;

  if( objc!=5 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "DB USERNAME PASSWORD ISADMIN");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ){
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  zUser = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]);
  zPasswd = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[3], &nPasswd);
  Tcl_GetBooleanFromObj(interp, objv[4], &isAdmin);
  rc = sqlite3_user_change(db, zUser, zPasswd, nPasswd, isAdmin);
  Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)t1ErrorName(rc), TCL_STATIC);
  return TCL_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
/*
** tclcmd:  sqlite3_user_delete DB USERNAME
*/
static int test_user_delete(
  ClientData clientData, /* Unused */
  Tcl_Interp *interp,    /* The TCL interpreter that invoked this command */
  int objc,              /* Number of arguments */
  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]  /* Command arguments */
){
  char *zUser = 0;
  sqlite3 *db;
  int rc;

  if( objc!=3 ){
    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "DB USERNAME");
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ){
    return TCL_ERROR;
  }
  zUser = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]);
  rc = sqlite3_user_delete(db, zUser);
  Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)t1ErrorName(rc), TCL_STATIC);
  return TCL_OK;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION */

/*
** Register commands with the TCL interpreter.
*/
int Sqlitetest1_Init(Tcl_Interp *interp){
  extern int sqlite3_search_count;
  extern int sqlite3_found_count;
  extern int sqlite3_interrupt_count;

     { "sqlite3_test_control", test_test_control },
#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX
     { "getrusage", test_getrusage },
#endif
     { "load_static_extension", tclLoadStaticExtensionCmd },
     { "sorter_test_fakeheap", sorter_test_fakeheap },
     { "sorter_test_sort4_helper", sorter_test_sort4_helper },
#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
     { "sqlite3_user_authenticate", test_user_authenticate, 0 },
     { "sqlite3_user_add",          test_user_add,          0 },
     { "sqlite3_user_change",       test_user_change,       0 },
     { "sqlite3_user_delete",       test_user_delete,       0 },
#endif

  };
  static int bitmask_size = sizeof(Bitmask)*8;
  int i;
  extern int sqlite3_sync_count, sqlite3_fullsync_count;
  extern int sqlite3_opentemp_count;
  extern int sqlite3_like_count;
  extern int sqlite3_xferopt_count;

#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "secure_delete", "1", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#else
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "secure_delete", "0", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "userauth", "1", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#else
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "userauth", "0", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_MULTIPLEX_EXT_OVWR
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "multiplex_ext_overwrite", "1", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#else
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "multiplex_ext_overwrite", "0", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
#endif

    pHdr += sqlite3GetVarint(pHdr, &iSerialType);
    pBody += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(pBody, (u32)iSerialType, &mem);

    if( iCurrent==iIdx ){
      sqlite3_result_value(context, &mem);
    }

    if( mem.szMalloc ) sqlite3DbFree(db, mem.zMalloc);
  }
}

/*
** tclcmd: test_decode(record)
**
** This function implements an SQL user-function that accepts a blob

      default:
        assert( 0 );
    }

    Tcl_ListObjAppendElement(0, pRet, pVal);

    if( mem.szMalloc ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, mem.zMalloc);
    }
  }

  sqlite3_result_text(context, Tcl_GetString(pRet), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  Tcl_DecrRefCount(pRet);
}

  if( db->nVdbeActive==0 ){
    db->u1.isInterrupted = 0;
  }
  pParse->rc = SQLITE_OK;
  pParse->zTail = zSql;
  i = 0;
  assert( pzErrMsg!=0 );
  pEngine = sqlite3ParserAlloc(sqlite3Malloc);
  if( pEngine==0 ){
    db->mallocFailed = 1;
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
  assert( pParse->pNewTrigger==0 );
  assert( pParse->nVar==0 );

      }
    }
    pMem->n = (int)(z - zOut);
  }
  *z = 0;
  assert( (pMem->n+(desiredEnc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2))<=len );

  c = pMem->flags;
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
  pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term|(c&MEM_AffMask);
  pMem->enc = desiredEnc;

  pMem->z = (char*)zOut;
  pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z;
  pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->z);

translate_out:
#if defined(TRANSLATE_TRACE) && defined(SQLITE_DEBUG)
  {
    char zBuf[100];
    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(pMem, zBuf);
    fprintf(stderr, "OUTPUT: %s\n", zBuf);

      (isBtreeCursor?sqlite3BtreeCursorSize():0);

  assert( iCur<p->nCursor );
  if( p->apCsr[iCur] ){
    sqlite3VdbeFreeCursor(p, p->apCsr[iCur]);
    p->apCsr[iCur] = 0;
  }
  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nByte) ){
    p->apCsr[iCur] = pCx = (VdbeCursor*)pMem->z;
    memset(pCx, 0, sizeof(VdbeCursor));
    pCx->iDb = iDb;
    pCx->nField = nField;
    if( isBtreeCursor ){
      pCx->pCursor = (BtCursor*)
          &pMem->z[ROUND8(sizeof(VdbeCursor))+2*sizeof(u32)*nField];

** point or exponential notation, the result is only MEM_Real, even
** if there is an exact integer representation of the quantity.
*/
static void applyNumericAffinity(Mem *pRec, int bTryForInt){
  double rValue;
  i64 iValue;
  u8 enc = pRec->enc;
  assert( (pRec->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==MEM_Str );
  if( sqlite3AtoF(pRec->z, &rValue, pRec->n, enc)==0 ) return;
  if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pRec->z, &iValue, pRec->n, enc) ){
    pRec->u.i = iValue;
    pRec->flags |= MEM_Int;
  }else{
    pRec->u.r = rValue;
    pRec->flags |= MEM_Real;
    if( bTryForInt ) sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
  }
}

/*
** Processing is determine by the affinity parameter:

**    No-op.  pRec is unchanged.
*/
static void applyAffinity(
  Mem *pRec,          /* The value to apply affinity to */
  char affinity,      /* The affinity to be applied */
  u8 enc              /* Use this text encoding */
){
  if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
    assert( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_REAL
             || affinity==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
    if( (pRec->flags & MEM_Int)==0 ){
      if( (pRec->flags & MEM_Real)==0 ){
        if( pRec->flags & MEM_Str ) applyNumericAffinity(pRec,1);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pRec);
      }
    }
  }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
    /* Only attempt the conversion to TEXT if there is an integer or real
    ** representation (blob and NULL do not get converted) but no string
    ** representation.
    */
    if( 0==(pRec->flags&MEM_Str) && (pRec->flags&(MEM_Real|MEM_Int)) ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pRec, enc, 1);
    }










  }
}

/*
** Try to convert the type of a function argument or a result column
** into a numeric representation.  Use either INTEGER or REAL whichever
** is appropriate.  But only do the conversion if it is possible without

){
  applyAffinity((Mem *)pVal, affinity, enc);
}

/*
** pMem currently only holds a string type (or maybe a BLOB that we can
** interpret as a string if we want to).  Compute its corresponding
** numeric type, if has one.  Set the pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i fields
** accordingly.
*/
static u16 SQLITE_NOINLINE computeNumericType(Mem *pMem){
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))==0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 );
  if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
    return 0;
  }
  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==SQLITE_OK ){
    return MEM_Int;
  }
  return MEM_Real;
}

/*
** Return the numeric type for pMem, either MEM_Int or MEM_Real or both or
** none.  
**
** Unlike applyNumericAffinity(), this routine does not modify pMem->flags.
** But it does set pMem->u.r and pMem->u.i appropriately.
*/
static u16 numericType(Mem *pMem){
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real) ){
    return pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
  }
  if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    return computeNumericType(pMem);

    printf(" NULL");
  }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
    printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
    printf(" i:%lld", p->u.i);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Real ){
    printf(" r:%g", p->u.r);
#endif
  }else if( p->flags & MEM_RowSet ){
    printf(" (rowset)");
  }else{
    char zBuf[200];
    sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(p, zBuf);
    printf(" %s", zBuf);

    */
    assert( pOp->opflags==sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] );
    if( pOp->opflags & OPFLG_OUT2_PRERELEASE ){
      assert( pOp->p2>0 );
      assert( pOp->p2<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
      pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
      memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
      if( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut) ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
      pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    }

    /* Sanity checking on other operands */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( (pOp->opflags & OPFLG_IN1)!=0 ){
      assert( pOp->p1>0 );

**
** P4 is a pointer to a 64-bit floating point value.
** Write that value into register P2.
*/
case OP_Real: {            /* same as TK_FLOAT, out2-prerelease */
  pOut->flags = MEM_Real;
  assert( !sqlite3IsNaN(*pOp->p4.pReal) );
  pOut->u.r = *pOp->p4.pReal;
  break;
}
#endif

/* Opcode: String8 * P2 * P4 *
** Synopsis: r[P2]='P4'
**

  pOp->p1 = sqlite3Strlen30(pOp->p4.z);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
  if( encoding!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
    rc = sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pOut, pOp->p4.z, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC);
    if( rc==SQLITE_TOOBIG ) goto too_big;
    if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding) ) goto no_mem;
    assert( pOut->szMalloc>0 && pOut->zMalloc==pOut->z );
    assert( VdbeMemDynamic(pOut)==0 );
    pOut->szMalloc = 0;
    pOut->flags |= MEM_Static;
    if( pOp->p4type==P4_DYNAMIC ){
      sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->p4.z);
    }
    pOp->p4type = P4_DYNAMIC;
    pOp->p4.z = pOut->z;
    pOp->p1 = pOut->n;

  u16 nullFlag;
  cnt = pOp->p3-pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
  pOut->flags = nullFlag = pOp->p1 ? (MEM_Null|MEM_Cleared) : MEM_Null;
  while( cnt>0 ){
    pOut++;
    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
    pOut->flags = nullFlag;
    cnt--;
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: SoftNull P1 * * * *

** Move the P3 values in register P1..P1+P3-1 over into
** registers P2..P2+P3-1.  Registers P1..P1+P3-1 are
** left holding a NULL.  It is an error for register ranges
** P1..P1+P3-1 and P2..P2+P3-1 to overlap.  It is an error
** for P3 to be less than 1.
*/
case OP_Move: {

  int n;           /* Number of registers left to copy */
  int p1;          /* Register to copy from */
  int p2;          /* Register to copy to */

  n = pOp->p3;
  p1 = pOp->p1;
  p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( n>0 && p1>0 && p2>0 );
  assert( p1+n<=p2 || p2+n<=p1 );

  pIn1 = &aMem[p1];
  pOut = &aMem[p2];
  do{
    assert( pOut<=&aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );
    assert( pIn1<=&aMem[(p->nMem-p->nCursor)] );
    assert( memIsValid(pIn1) );
    memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
    sqlite3VdbeMemMove(pOut, pIn1);


#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
    if( pOut->pScopyFrom>=&aMem[p1] && pOut->pScopyFrom<&aMem[p1+pOp->p3] ){
      pOut->pScopyFrom += p1 - pOp->p2;
    }
#endif



    REGISTER_TRACE(p2++, pOut);
    pIn1++;
    pOut++;
  }while( --n );
  break;
}

#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    pOut->u.i = rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Int);
#else
    if( sqlite3IsNaN(rB) ){
      goto arithmetic_result_is_null;
    }
    pOut->u.r = rB;
    MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Real);
    if( ((type1|type2)&MEM_Real)==0 && !bIntint ){
      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pOut);
    }
#endif
  }
  break;

** <li value="100"> INTEGER
** <li value="101"> REAL
** </ul>
**
** A NULL value is not changed by this routine.  It remains NULL.
*/
case OP_Cast: {                  /* in1 */
  assert( pOp->p2>=SQLITE_AFF_NONE && pOp->p2<=SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NONE );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );
  testcase( pOp->p2==SQLITE_AFF_REAL );
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  memAboutToChange(p, pIn1);

        }
      }
      break;
    }
  }else{
    /* Neither operand is NULL.  Do a comparison. */
    affinity = pOp->p5 & SQLITE_AFF_MASK;
    if( affinity>=SQLITE_AFF_NUMERIC ){
      if( (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
        applyNumericAffinity(pIn1,0);
      }
      if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
        applyNumericAffinity(pIn3,0);
      }
    }else if( affinity==SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
      if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Str)==0 && (pIn1->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn1->flags & MEM_Real );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn1, encoding, 1);
      }
      if( (pIn3->flags & MEM_Str)==0 && (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=0 ){
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Int );
        testcase( pIn3->flags & MEM_Real );
        sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(pIn3, encoding, 1);
      }
    }
    assert( pOp->p4type==P4_COLLSEQ || pOp->p4.pColl==0 );
    if( pIn1->flags & MEM_Zero ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pIn1);
      flags1 &= ~MEM_Zero;
    }
    if( pIn3->flags & MEM_Zero ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pIn3);
      flags3 &= ~MEM_Zero;
    }
    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto no_mem;
    res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);
  }
  switch( pOp->opcode ){
    case OP_Eq:    res = res==0;     break;
    case OP_Ne:    res = res!=0;     break;
    case OP_Lt:    res = res<0;      break;
    case OP_Le:    res = res<=0;     break;

  }else{
    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0, (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_NULLEQ)?2:3);
    if( res ){
      pc = pOp->p2-1;
    }
  }
  /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
  pIn1->flags = flags1;
  pIn3->flags = flags3;
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Permutation * * * P4 *
**
** Set the permutation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
** of integers in P4.

** Interpret the value in register P1 as a boolean value.  Store the
** boolean complement in register P2.  If the value in register P1 is 
** NULL, then a NULL is stored in P2.
*/
case OP_Not: {                /* same as TK_NOT, in1, out2 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];

  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    pOut->u.i = !sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: BitNot P1 P2 * * *
** Synopsis: r[P1]= ~r[P1]
**
** Interpret the content of register P1 as an integer.  Store the
** ones-complement of the P1 value into register P2.  If P1 holds
** a NULL then store a NULL in P2.
*/
case OP_BitNot: {             /* same as TK_BITNOT, in1, out2 */
  pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];

  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
  if( (pIn1->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ){
    pOut->flags = MEM_Int;
    pOut->u.i = ~sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn1);
  }
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Once P1 P2 * * *
**
** Check the "once" flag number P1. If it is set, jump to instruction P2. 

** skipped for length() and all content loading can be skipped for typeof().
*/
case OP_Column: {
  i64 payloadSize64; /* Number of bytes in the record */
  int p2;            /* column number to retrieve */
  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
  BtCursor *pCrsr;   /* The BTree cursor */

  u32 *aOffset;      /* aOffset[i] is offset to start of data for i-th column */
  int len;           /* The length of the serialized data for the column */
  int i;             /* Loop counter */
  Mem *pDest;        /* Where to write the extracted value */
  Mem sMem;          /* For storing the record being decoded */
  const u8 *zData;   /* Part of the record being decoded */
  const u8 *zHdr;    /* Next unparsed byte of the header */
  const u8 *zEndHdr; /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
  u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
  u32 szField;       /* Number of bytes in the content of a field */
  u32 avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
  u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
  u16 fx;            /* pDest->flags value */
  Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */

  p2 = pOp->p2;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
  pDest = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  memAboutToChange(p, pDest);
  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( pC!=0 );
  assert( p2<pC->nField );

  aOffset = pC->aType + pC->nField;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  assert( pC->pVtabCursor==0 ); /* OP_Column never called on virtual table */
#endif
  pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
  assert( pCrsr!=0 || pC->pseudoTableReg>0 ); /* pCrsr NULL on PseudoTables */
  assert( pCrsr!=0 || pC->nullRow );          /* pC->nullRow on PseudoTables */

    if( offset > 98307 || offset > pC->payloadSize ){
      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      goto op_column_error;
    }
  }

  /* Make sure at least the first p2+1 entries of the header have been
  ** parsed and valid information is in aOffset[] and pC->aType[].
  */
  if( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 ){
    /* If there is more header available for parsing in the record, try
    ** to extract additional fields up through the p2+1-th field 
    */
    if( pC->iHdrOffset<aOffset[0] ){
      /* Make sure zData points to enough of the record to cover the header. */
      if( pC->aRow==0 ){
        memset(&sMem, 0, sizeof(sMem));
        rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCrsr, 0, aOffset[0], 
                                     !pC->isTable, &sMem);
        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
          goto op_column_error;
        }
        zData = (u8*)sMem.z;
      }else{
        zData = pC->aRow;
      }
  
      /* Fill in pC->aType[i] and aOffset[i] values through the p2-th field. */
      i = pC->nHdrParsed;
      offset = aOffset[i];
      zHdr = zData + pC->iHdrOffset;
      zEndHdr = zData + aOffset[0];
      assert( i<=p2 && zHdr<zEndHdr );
      do{
        if( zHdr[0]<0x80 ){
          t = zHdr[0];
          zHdr++;
        }else{
          zHdr += sqlite3GetVarint32(zHdr, &t);
        }
        pC->aType[i] = t;
        szField = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(t);
        offset += szField;
        if( offset<szField ){  /* True if offset overflows */
          zHdr = &zEndHdr[1];  /* Forces SQLITE_CORRUPT return below */
          break;
        }
        i++;

        MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
      }
      goto op_column_out;
    }
  }

  /* Extract the content for the p2+1-th column.  Control can only
  ** reach this point if aOffset[p2], aOffset[p2+1], and pC->aType[p2] are
  ** all valid.
  */
  assert( p2<pC->nHdrParsed );
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
  assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(pDest) );
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pDest) ) sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
  t = pC->aType[p2];
  if( pC->szRow>=aOffset[p2+1] ){
    /* This is the common case where the desired content fits on the original
    ** page - where the content is not on an overflow page */

    sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(pC->aRow+aOffset[p2], t, pDest);
  }else{
    /* This branch happens only when content is on overflow pages */

    if( ((pOp->p5 & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG))!=0
          && ((t>=12 && (t&1)==0) || (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG)!=0))
     || (len = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(t))==0
    ){
      /* Content is irrelevant for
      **    1. the typeof() function,
      **    2. the length(X) function if X is a blob, and
      **    3. if the content length is zero.
      ** So we might as well use bogus content rather than reading
      ** content from disk.  NULL will work for the value for strings
      ** and blobs and whatever is in the payloadSize64 variable
      ** will work for everything else. */

      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(t<=13 ? (u8*)&payloadSize64 : 0, t, pDest);

    }else{


      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCrsr, aOffset[p2], len, !pC->isTable,
                                   pDest);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
        goto op_column_error;
      }


      sqlite3VdbeSerialGet((const u8*)pDest->z, t, pDest);








      pDest->flags &= ~MEM_Ephem;



    }
  }
  pDest->enc = encoding;

op_column_out:
  /* If the column value is an ephemeral string, go ahead and persist
  ** that string in case the cursor moves before the column value is
  ** used.  The following code does the equivalent of Deephemeralize()
  ** but does it faster. */
  if( (pDest->flags & MEM_Ephem)!=0 && pDest->z ){
    fx = pDest->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob);
    assert( fx!=0 );
    zData = (const u8*)pDest->z;
    len = pDest->n;
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pDest, len+2) ) goto no_mem;
    memcpy(pDest->z, zData, len);
    pDest->z[len] = 0;
    pDest->z[len+1] = 0;
    pDest->flags = fx|MEM_Term;
  }
op_column_error:
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);
  break;
}

/* Opcode: Affinity P1 P2 * P4 *

  if( nByte>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
    goto too_big;
  }

  /* Make sure the output register has a buffer large enough to store 
  ** the new record. The output register (pOp->p3) is not allowed to
  ** be one of the input registers (because the following call to
  ** sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize() could clobber the value before it is used).
  */
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, (int)nByte) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  zNewRecord = (u8 *)pOut->z;

  /* Write the record */
  i = putVarint32(zNewRecord, nHdr);
  j = nHdr;
  assert( pData0<=pLast );
  pRec = pData0;
  do{
    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format);
    i += putVarint32(&zNewRecord[i], serial_type);            /* serial type */
    j += sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(&zNewRecord[j], pRec, serial_type); /* content */
  }while( (++pRec)<=pLast );
  assert( i==nHdr );
  assert( j==nByte );

  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
  pOut->n = (int)nByte;
  pOut->flags = MEM_Blob;

  if( nZero ){
    pOut->u.nZero = nZero;
    pOut->flags |= MEM_Zero;
  }
  pOut->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;  /* In case the blob is ever converted to text */
  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);

  pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
#endif
  if( pC->isTable ){
    /* The input value in P3 might be of any type: integer, real, string,
    ** blob, or NULL.  But it needs to be an integer before we can do
    ** the seek, so convert it. */
    pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
    if( (pIn3->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str))==MEM_Str ){
      applyNumericAffinity(pIn3, 0);
    }
    iKey = sqlite3VdbeIntValue(pIn3);
    pC->rowidIsValid = 0;

    /* If the P3 value could not be converted into an integer without
    ** loss of information, then special processing is required... */

      /* If the approximation iKey is larger than the actual real search
      ** term, substitute >= for > and < for <=. e.g. if the search term
      ** is 4.9 and the integer approximation 5:
      **
      **        (x >  4.9)    ->     (x >= 5)
      **        (x <= 4.9)    ->     (x <  5)
      */
      if( pIn3->u.r<(double)iKey ){
        assert( OP_SeekGE==(OP_SeekGT-1) );
        assert( OP_SeekLT==(OP_SeekLE-1) );
        assert( (OP_SeekLE & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGT & 0x0001) );
        if( (oc & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGT & 0x0001) ) oc--;
      }

      /* If the approximation iKey is smaller than the actual real search
      ** term, substitute <= for < and > for >=.  */
      else if( pIn3->u.r>(double)iKey ){
        assert( OP_SeekLE==(OP_SeekLT+1) );
        assert( OP_SeekGT==(OP_SeekGE+1) );
        assert( (OP_SeekLT & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekGE & 0x0001) );
        if( (oc & 0x0001)==(OP_SeekLT & 0x0001) ) oc++;
      }
    } 
    rc = sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(pC->pCursor, 0, (u64)iKey, 0, &res);

  }else{
    VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeDataSize(pCrsr, &n);
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* DataSize() cannot fail */
    if( n>(u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
      goto too_big;
    }
  }
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, n) ){
    goto no_mem;
  }
  pOut->n = n;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Blob);
  if( pC->isTable==0 ){
    rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCrsr, 0, n, pOut->z);
  }else{

    r.default_rc = 0;
  }
  r.aMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  { int i; for(i=0; i<r.nField; i++) assert( memIsValid(&r.aMem[i]) ); }
#endif
  res = 0;  /* Not needed.  Only used to silence a warning. */
  rc = sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(db, pC, &r, &res);
  assert( (OP_IdxLE&1)==(OP_IdxLT&1) && (OP_IdxGE&1)==(OP_IdxGT&1) );
  if( (pOp->opcode&1)==(OP_IdxLT&1) ){
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxLT );
    res = -res;
  }else{
    assert( pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGE || pOp->opcode==OP_IdxGT );
    res++;

    apVal[i] = pRec;
    memAboutToChange(p, pRec);
  }
  ctx.pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem-p->nCursor) );
  ctx.pMem = pMem = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  pMem->n++;
  sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&t, db, MEM_Null);




  ctx.pOut = &t;
  ctx.isError = 0;
  ctx.pColl = 0;
  ctx.skipFlag = 0;
  if( ctx.pFunc->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL ){
    assert( pOp>p->aOp );
    assert( pOp[-1].p4type==P4_COLLSEQ );

void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(Vdbe*, const char*);
#endif
int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem*, const Mem*, const CollSeq*);

void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(KeyInfo*,int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
UnpackedRecord *sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(KeyInfo *, char *, int, char **);

typedef int (*RecordCompare)(int,const void*,UnpackedRecord*);
RecordCompare sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(UnpackedRecord*);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
#endif

/* Use SQLITE_ENABLE_COMMENTS to enable generation of extra comments on

/*
** Internally, the vdbe manipulates nearly all SQL values as Mem
** structures. Each Mem struct may cache multiple representations (string,
** integer etc.) of the same value.
*/
struct Mem {

  union MemValue {
    double r;           /* Real value used when MEM_Real is set in flags */

    i64 i;              /* Integer value used when MEM_Int is set in flags */
    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
    FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
    RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
    VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
  } u;

  u16 flags;          /* Some combination of MEM_Null, MEM_Str, MEM_Dyn, etc. */
  u8  enc;            /* SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_UTF16BE, SQLITE_UTF16LE */
  int n;              /* Number of characters in string value, excluding '\0' */
  char *z;            /* String or BLOB value */
  /* ShallowCopy only needs to copy the information above */
  char *zMalloc;      /* Space to hold MEM_Str or MEM_Blob if szMalloc>0 */
  int szMalloc;       /* Size of the zMalloc allocation */
  int iPadding1;      /* Padding for 8-byte alignment */
  sqlite3 *db;        /* The associated database connection */
  void (*xDel)(void*);/* Destructor for Mem.z - only valid if MEM_Dyn */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  Mem *pScopyFrom;    /* This Mem is a shallow copy of pScopyFrom */
  void *pFiller;      /* So that sizeof(Mem) is a multiple of 8 */
#endif


};

/* One or more of the following flags are set to indicate the validOK
** representations of the value stored in the Mem struct.
**
** If the MEM_Null flag is set, then the value is an SQL NULL value.
** No other flags may be set in this case.

** structure are known.
**
** This structure is defined inside of vdbeInt.h because it uses substructures
** (Mem) which are only defined there.
*/
struct sqlite3_context {
  Mem *pOut;            /* The return value is stored here */
  FuncDef *pFunc;       /* Pointer to function information */
  Mem *pMem;            /* Memory cell used to store aggregate context */
  CollSeq *pColl;       /* Collating sequence */
  Vdbe *pVdbe;          /* The VM that owns this context */
  int iOp;              /* Instruction number of OP_Function */
  int isError;          /* Error code returned by the function. */
  u8 skipFlag;          /* Skip accumulator loading if true */
  u8 fErrorOrAux;       /* isError!=0 or pVdbe->pAuxData modified */
};

/*
** An Explain object accumulates indented output which is helpful
** in describing recursive data structures.
*/

u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(u32);
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialType(Mem*, int);
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialPut(unsigned char*, Mem*, u32);
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(const unsigned char*, u32, Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(Vdbe*, int, int);

int sqlite2BtreeKeyCompare(BtCursor *, const void *, int, int, int *);
int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(sqlite3*,VdbeCursor*,UnpackedRecord*,int*);
int sqlite3VdbeIdxRowid(sqlite3*, BtCursor*, i64*);
int sqlite3VdbeExec(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeList(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeHalt(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(Mem *, int);
int sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem*, const Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem*, const Mem*, int);
void sqlite3VdbeMemMove(Mem*, Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(Mem*, const char*, int, u8, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(Mem*, i64);
#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
# define sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64
#else
  void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem*, double);
#endif
void sqlite3VdbeMemInit(Mem*,sqlite3*,u16);
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem*,int);
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemStringify(Mem*, u8, u8);
i64 sqlite3VdbeIntValue(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem*);
double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem*);
int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeMemCast(Mem*,u8,u8);
int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(BtCursor*,u32,u32,int,Mem*);
void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p);

#define VdbeMemDynamic(X)  \
  (((X)->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_RowSet|MEM_Frame))!=0)


int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem*, FuncDef*);
const char *sqlite3OpcodeName(int);
int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int preserve);
int sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(Mem *pMem, int n);
int sqlite3VdbeCloseStatement(Vdbe *, int);
void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
void sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(
    Vdbe *, VdbeCursor *, int, const char*, Table *, i64, int);
int sqlite3VdbeTransferError(Vdbe *p);

/**************************** sqlite3_result_  *******************************
** The following routines are used by user-defined functions to specify
** the function result.
**
** The setStrOrError() function calls sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr() to store the
** result as a string or blob but if the string or blob is too large, it
** then sets the error code to SQLITE_TOOBIG
**
** The invokeValueDestructor(P,X) routine invokes destructor function X()
** on value P is not going to be used and need to be destroyed.
*/
static void setResultStrOrError(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,  /* Function context */
  const char *z,          /* String pointer */
  int n,                  /* Bytes in string, or negative */
  u8 enc,                 /* Encoding of z.  0 for BLOBs */
  void (*xDel)(void*)     /* Destructor function */
){
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pCtx->pOut, z, n, enc, xDel)==SQLITE_TOOBIG ){
    sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
  }
}
static int invokeValueDestructor(
  const void *p,             /* Value to destroy */
  void (*xDel)(void*),       /* The destructor */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx      /* Set a SQLITE_TOOBIG error if no NULL */
){
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( xDel==0 ){
    /* noop */
  }else if( xDel==SQLITE_TRANSIENT ){
    /* noop */
  }else{
    xDel((void*)p);
  }
  if( pCtx ) sqlite3_result_error_toobig(pCtx);
  return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
}
void sqlite3_result_blob(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
  const void *z, 
  int n, 
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( n>=0 );
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, 0, xDel);
}
void sqlite3_result_blob64(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
  const void *z, 
  sqlite3_uint64 n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( n>0x7fffffff ){
    (void)invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, pCtx);
  }else{
    setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, (int)n, 0, xDel);
  }
}
void sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context *pCtx, double rVal){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(pCtx->pOut, rVal);
}
void sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context *pCtx, const char *z, int n){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );

  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
  const char *z, 
  int n,
  void (*xDel)(void *)
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, n, SQLITE_UTF8, xDel);
}
void sqlite3_result_text64(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
  const char *z, 
  sqlite3_uint64 n,
  void (*xDel)(void *),
  unsigned char enc
){
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( n>0x7fffffff ){
    (void)invokeValueDestructor(z, xDel, pCtx);
  }else{
    setResultStrOrError(pCtx, z, (int)n, enc, xDel);
  }
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
void sqlite3_result_text16(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
  const void *z, 
  int n, 
  void (*xDel)(void *)

** Create a new aggregate context for p and return a pointer to
** its pMem->z element.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void *createAggContext(sqlite3_context *p, int nByte){
  Mem *pMem = p->pMem;
  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Agg)==0 );
  if( nByte<=0 ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);

    pMem->z = 0;
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nByte);
    pMem->flags = MEM_Agg;
    pMem->u.pDef = p->pFunc;
    if( pMem->z ){
      memset(pMem->z, 0, nByte);
    }
  }
  return (void*)pMem->z;

  ** these assert()s from failing, when building with SQLITE_DEBUG defined
  ** using gcc, we force nullMem to be 8-byte aligned using the magical
  ** __attribute__((aligned(8))) macro.  */
  static const Mem nullMem 
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && defined(__GNUC__)
    __attribute__((aligned(8))) 
#endif
    = {
        /* .u          = */ {0},
        /* .flags      = */ MEM_Null,
        /* .enc        = */ 0,
        /* .n          = */ 0,
        /* .z          = */ 0,
        /* .zMalloc    = */ 0,
        /* .szMalloc   = */ 0,
        /* .iPadding1  = */ 0,
        /* .db         = */ 0,
        /* .xDel       = */ 0,
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
        /* .pScopyFrom = */ 0,
        /* .pFiller    = */ 0,
#endif
      };
  return &nullMem;
}

/*
** Check to see if column iCol of the given statement is valid.  If
** it is, return a pointer to the Mem for the value of that column.
** If iCol is not valid, return a pointer to a Mem which has a value

  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const void *zData, 
  int nData, 
  void (*xDel)(void*)
){
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, 0);
}
int sqlite3_bind_blob64(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const void *zData, 
  sqlite3_uint64 nData, 
  void (*xDel)(void*)
){
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( nData>0x7fffffff ){
    return invokeValueDestructor(zData, xDel, 0);
  }else{
    return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, (int)nData, xDel, 0);
  }
}
int sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, double rValue){
  int rc;
  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe *)pStmt;
  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(&p->aVar[i-1], rValue);

  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const char *zData, 
  int nData, 
  void (*xDel)(void*)
){
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, SQLITE_UTF8);
}
int sqlite3_bind_text64( 
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const char *zData, 
  sqlite3_uint64 nData, 
  void (*xDel)(void*),
  unsigned char enc
){
  assert( xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
  if( nData>0x7fffffff ){
    return invokeValueDestructor(zData, xDel, 0);
  }else{
    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF16 ) enc = SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE;
    return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, (int)nData, xDel, enc);
  }
}
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
int sqlite3_bind_text16(
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
  int i, 
  const void *zData, 
  int nData, 
  void (*xDel)(void*)
){
  return bindText(pStmt, i, zData, nData, xDel, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, int i, const sqlite3_value *pValue){
  int rc;
  switch( sqlite3_value_type((sqlite3_value*)pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_INTEGER: {
      rc = sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, i, pValue->u.i);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
      rc = sqlite3_bind_double(pStmt, i, pValue->u.r);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_BLOB: {
      if( pValue->flags & MEM_Zero ){
        rc = sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(pStmt, i, pValue->u.nZero);
      }else{
        rc = sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, i, pValue->z, pValue->n,SQLITE_TRANSIENT);

/*
** 2003 September 6
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains code used for creating, destroying, and populating
** a VDBE (or an "sqlite3_stmt" as it is known to the outside world.) 


*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include "vdbeInt.h"

/*
** Create a new virtual database engine.
*/

        break;
      }
      case P4_MEM: {
        if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ){
          sqlite3ValueFree((sqlite3_value*)p4);
        }else{
          Mem *p = (Mem*)p4;
          if( p->szMalloc ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
          sqlite3DbFree(db, p);
        }
        break;
      }
      case P4_VTAB : {
        if( db->pnBytesFreed==0 ) sqlite3VtabUnlock((VTable *)p4);
        break;

    case P4_MEM: {
      Mem *pMem = pOp->p4.pMem;
      if( pMem->flags & MEM_Str ){
        zP4 = pMem->z;
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "%.16g", pMem->u.r);
      }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Null ){
        sqlite3_snprintf(nTemp, zTemp, "NULL");
      }else{
        assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Blob );
        zP4 = "(blob)";
      }
      break;

#endif

/*
** Release an array of N Mem elements
*/
static void releaseMemArray(Mem *p, int N){
  if( p && N ){
    Mem *pEnd = &p[N];
    sqlite3 *db = p->db;
    u8 malloc_failed = db->mallocFailed;
    if( db->pnBytesFreed ){
      do{
        if( p->szMalloc ) sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
      }while( (++p)<pEnd );
      return;
    }
    do{
      assert( (&p[1])==pEnd || p[0].db==p[1].db );
      assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(p) );

      /* This block is really an inlined version of sqlite3VdbeMemRelease()
      ** that takes advantage of the fact that the memory cell value is 
      ** being set to NULL after releasing any dynamic resources.
      **

      */
      testcase( p->flags & MEM_Agg );
      testcase( p->flags & MEM_Dyn );
      testcase( p->flags & MEM_Frame );
      testcase( p->flags & MEM_RowSet );
      if( p->flags&(MEM_Agg|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Frame|MEM_RowSet) ){
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(p);
      }else if( p->szMalloc ){
        sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zMalloc);
        p->szMalloc = 0;
      }

      p->flags = MEM_Undefined;
    }while( (++p)<pEnd );
    db->mallocFailed = malloc_failed;
  }
}

/*
** Delete a VdbeFrame object and its contents. VdbeFrame objects are
** allocated by the OP_Program opcode in sqlite3VdbeExec().

    pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
    pMem++;

    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
    pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
    pMem++;

    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 32) ){ /* P4 */
      assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
    zP4 = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, 32);
    if( zP4!=pMem->z ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
    }else{
      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
    }
    pMem++;

    if( p->explain==1 ){
      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 4) ){
        assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
        return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
      pMem->n = 2;
      sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
      pMem++;
  
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 500) ){
        assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
        return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
      pMem->n = displayComment(pOp, zP4, pMem->z, 500);
      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
#else

  }
#endif
}

/*
** Prepare a virtual machine for execution for the first time after
** creating the virtual machine.  This involves things such
** as allocating registers and initializing the program counter.
** After the VDBE has be prepped, it can be executed by one or more
** calls to sqlite3VdbeExec().  
**
** This function may be called exactly once on each virtual machine.
** After this routine is called the VM has been "packaged" and is ready
** to run.  After this routine is called, further calls to 
** sqlite3VdbeAddOp() functions are prohibited.  This routine disconnects

  /* Delete any auxdata allocations made by the VM */
  sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(p, -1, 0);
  assert( p->pAuxData==0 );
}

/*
** Clean up the VM after a single run.




*/
static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
  sqlite3 *db = p->db;

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */

  u32 len;

  /* Integer and Real */
  if( serial_type<=7 && serial_type>0 ){
    u64 v;
    u32 i;
    if( serial_type==7 ){
      assert( sizeof(v)==sizeof(pMem->u.r) );
      memcpy(&v, &pMem->u.r, sizeof(v));
      swapMixedEndianFloat(v);
    }else{
      v = pMem->u.i;
    }
    len = i = sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
    assert( i>0 );
    do{

    */
    static const u64 t1 = ((u64)0x3ff00000)<<32;
    static const double r1 = 1.0;
    u64 t2 = t1;
    swapMixedEndianFloat(t2);
    assert( sizeof(r1)==sizeof(t2) && memcmp(&r1, &t2, sizeof(r1))==0 );
#endif
    assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(pMem->u.r)==8 );
    swapMixedEndianFloat(x);
    memcpy(&pMem->u.r, &x, sizeof(x));
    pMem->flags = sqlite3IsNaN(pMem->u.r) ? MEM_Null : MEM_Real;
  }
  return 8;
}
u32 sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(
  const unsigned char *buf,     /* Buffer to deserialize from */
  u32 serial_type,              /* Serial type to deserialize */
  Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */

      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
      return 0;
    }
    default: {
      static const u16 aFlag[] = { MEM_Blob|MEM_Ephem, MEM_Str|MEM_Ephem };
      pMem->z = (char *)buf;
      pMem->n = (serial_type-12)/2;

      pMem->flags = aFlag[serial_type&1];
      return pMem->n;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
/*

  Mem *pMem = p->aMem;

  p->default_rc = 0;
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  idx = getVarint32(aKey, szHdr);
  d = szHdr;
  u = 0;
  while( idx<szHdr && d<=nKey ){
    u32 serial_type;

    idx += getVarint32(&aKey[idx], serial_type);
    pMem->enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
    pMem->db = pKeyInfo->db;
    /* pMem->flags = 0; // sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() will set this for us */
    pMem->szMalloc = 0;
    pMem->z = 0;
    d += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey[d], serial_type, pMem);
    pMem++;
    if( (++u)>=p->nField ) break;
  }
  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nField + 1 );
  p->nField = u;
}

#if SQLITE_DEBUG
/*

  Mem mem1;

  pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo;
  if( pKeyInfo->db==0 ) return 1;
  mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
  mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
  /* mem1.flags = 0;  // Will be initialized by sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() */
  VVA_ONLY( mem1.szMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */

  /* Compilers may complain that mem1.u.i is potentially uninitialized.
  ** We could initialize it, as shown here, to silence those complaints.
  ** But in fact, mem1.u.i will never actually be used uninitialized, and doing 
  ** the unnecessary initialization has a measurable negative performance
  ** impact, since this routine is a very high runner.  And so, we choose
  ** to ignore the compiler warnings and leave this variable uninitialized.

    */
    d1 += sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type1, &mem1);

    /* Do the comparison
    */
    rc = sqlite3MemCompare(&mem1, &pPKey2->aMem[i], pKeyInfo->aColl[i]);
    if( rc!=0 ){
      assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */
      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
        rc = -rc;  /* Invert the result for DESC sort order. */
      }
      goto debugCompareEnd;
    }
    i++;
  }while( idx1<szHdr1 && i<pPKey2->nField );

  /* No memory allocation is ever used on mem1.  Prove this using
  ** the following assert().  If the assert() fails, it indicates a
  ** memory leak and a need to call sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&mem1).
  */
  assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );

  /* rc==0 here means that one of the keys ran out of fields and
  ** all the fields up to that point were equal. Return the default_rc
  ** value.  */
  rc = pPKey2->default_rc;

debugCompareEnd:

    return pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser,pMem1->n,pMem1->z,pMem2->n,pMem2->z);
  }else{
    int rc;
    const void *v1, *v2;
    int n1, n2;
    Mem c1;
    Mem c2;
    sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&c1, pMem1->db, MEM_Null);
    sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&c2, pMem1->db, MEM_Null);
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c1, pMem1, MEM_Ephem);
    sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c2, pMem2, MEM_Ephem);
    v1 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c1, pColl->enc);
    n1 = v1==0 ? 0 : c1.n;
    v2 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c2, pColl->enc);
    n2 = v2==0 ? 0 : c2.n;
    rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, n1, v1, n2, v2);
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c1);
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c2);
    if( (v1==0 || v2==0) && prcErr ) *prcErr = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    return rc;
  }
}

/*
** Compare two blobs.  Return negative, zero, or positive if the first
** is less than, equal to, or greater than the second, respectively.
** If one blob is a prefix of the other, then the shorter is the lessor.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3BlobCompare(const Mem *pB1, const Mem *pB2){
  int c = memcmp(pB1->z, pB2->z, pB1->n>pB2->n ? pB2->n : pB1->n);
  if( c ) return c;
  return pB1->n - pB2->n;
}


/*
** Compare the values contained by the two memory cells, returning
** negative, zero or positive if pMem1 is less than, equal to, or greater
** than pMem2. Sorting order is NULL's first, followed by numbers (integers
** and reals) sorted numerically, followed by text ordered by the collating
** sequence pColl and finally blob's ordered by memcmp().
**
** Two NULL values are considered equal by this function.
*/
int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const CollSeq *pColl){

  int f1, f2;
  int combined_flags;

  f1 = pMem1->flags;
  f2 = pMem2->flags;
  combined_flags = f1|f2;
  assert( (combined_flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );

    double r1, r2;
    if( (f1 & f2 & MEM_Int)!=0 ){
      if( pMem1->u.i < pMem2->u.i ) return -1;
      if( pMem1->u.i > pMem2->u.i ) return 1;
      return 0;
    }
    if( (f1&MEM_Real)!=0 ){
      r1 = pMem1->u.r;
    }else if( (f1&MEM_Int)!=0 ){
      r1 = (double)pMem1->u.i;
    }else{
      return 1;
    }
    if( (f2&MEM_Real)!=0 ){
      r2 = pMem2->u.r;
    }else if( (f2&MEM_Int)!=0 ){
      r2 = (double)pMem2->u.i;
    }else{
      return -1;
    }
    if( r1<r2 ) return -1;
    if( r1>r2 ) return 1;

      return vdbeCompareMemString(pMem1, pMem2, pColl, 0);
    }
    /* If a NULL pointer was passed as the collate function, fall through
    ** to the blob case and use memcmp().  */
  }
 
  /* Both values must be blobs.  Compare using memcmp().  */




  return sqlite3BlobCompare(pMem1, pMem2);
}


/*
** The first argument passed to this function is a serial-type that
** corresponds to an integer - all values between 1 and 9 inclusive 
** except 7. The second points to a buffer containing an integer value

** returned.
**
** If database corruption is discovered, set pPKey2->errCode to 
** SQLITE_CORRUPT and return 0. If an OOM error is encountered, 
** pPKey2->errCode is set to SQLITE_NOMEM and, if it is not NULL, the
** malloc-failed flag set on database handle (pPKey2->pKeyInfo->db).
*/
static int vdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,   /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2,         /* Right key */
  int bSkip                       /* If true, skip the first field */
){
  u32 d1;                         /* Offset into aKey[] of next data element */
  int i;                          /* Index of next field to compare */
  u32 szHdr1;                     /* Size of record header in bytes */

    if( d1>(unsigned)nKey1 ){ 
      pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      return 0;  /* Corruption */
    }
    i = 0;
  }

  VVA_ONLY( mem1.szMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */
  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField+pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nXField>=pPKey2->nField 
       || CORRUPT_DB );
  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField>0 );
  assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
  do{
    u32 serial_type;

    /* RHS is an integer */
    if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Int ){
      serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
      testcase( serial_type==12 );
      if( serial_type>=12 ){
        rc = +1;
      }else if( serial_type==0 ){
        rc = -1;
      }else if( serial_type==7 ){
        double rhs = (double)pRhs->u.i;
        sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
        if( mem1.u.r<rhs ){
          rc = -1;
        }else if( mem1.u.r>rhs ){
          rc = +1;
        }
      }else{
        i64 lhs = vdbeRecordDecodeInt(serial_type, &aKey1[d1]);
        i64 rhs = pRhs->u.i;
        if( lhs<rhs ){
          rc = -1;

    else if( pRhs->flags & MEM_Real ){
      serial_type = aKey1[idx1];
      if( serial_type>=12 ){
        rc = +1;
      }else if( serial_type==0 ){
        rc = -1;
      }else{
        double rhs = pRhs->u.r;
        double lhs;
        sqlite3VdbeSerialGet(&aKey1[d1], serial_type, &mem1);
        if( serial_type==7 ){
          lhs = mem1.u.r;
        }else{
          lhs = (double)mem1.u.i;
        }
        if( lhs<rhs ){
          rc = -1;
        }else if( lhs>rhs ){
          rc = +1;

    }

    if( rc!=0 ){
      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
        rc = -rc;
      }
      assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, rc) );
      assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */
      return rc;
    }

    i++;
    pRhs++;
    d1 += sqlite3VdbeSerialTypeLen(serial_type);
    idx1 += sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
  }while( idx1<(unsigned)szHdr1 && i<pPKey2->nField && d1<=(unsigned)nKey1 );

  /* No memory allocation is ever used on mem1.  Prove this using
  ** the following assert().  If the assert() fails, it indicates a
  ** memory leak and a need to call sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&mem1).  */
  assert( mem1.szMalloc==0 );

  /* rc==0 here means that one or both of the keys ran out of fields and
  ** all the fields up to that point were equal. Return the default_rc
  ** value.  */
  assert( CORRUPT_DB 
       || vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, pPKey2->default_rc) 
       || pKeyInfo->db->mallocFailed
  );
  return pPKey2->default_rc;
}
int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,   /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2          /* Right key */
){
  return vdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, 0);
}


/*
** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() 
** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is an integer, and (b) the 
** size-of-header varint at the start of (pKey1/nKey1) fits in a single
** byte (i.e. is less than 128).
**
** To avoid concerns about buffer overreads, this routine is only used
** on schemas where the maximum valid header size is 63 bytes or less.
*/
static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1, /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2        /* Right key */

){
  const u8 *aKey = &((const u8*)pKey1)[*(const u8*)pKey1 & 0x3F];
  int serial_type = ((const u8*)pKey1)[1];
  int res;
  u32 y;
  u64 x;
  i64 v = pPKey2->aMem[0].u.i;
  i64 lhs;



  assert( (*(u8*)pKey1)<=0x3F || CORRUPT_DB );
  switch( serial_type ){
    case 1: { /* 1-byte signed integer */
      lhs = ONE_BYTE_INT(aKey);
      testcase( lhs<0 );
      break;
    }

    /* This case could be removed without changing the results of running
    ** this code. Including it causes gcc to generate a faster switch 
    ** statement (since the range of switch targets now starts at zero and
    ** is contiguous) but does not cause any duplicate code to be generated
    ** (as gcc is clever enough to combine the two like cases). Other 
    ** compilers might be similar.  */ 
    case 0: case 7:
      return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2);

    default:
      return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2);
  }

  if( v>lhs ){
    res = pPKey2->r1;
  }else if( v<lhs ){
    res = pPKey2->r2;
  }else if( pPKey2->nField>1 ){
    /* The first fields of the two keys are equal. Compare the trailing 
    ** fields.  */
    res = vdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, 1);
  }else{
    /* The first fields of the two keys are equal and there are no trailing
    ** fields. Return pPKey2->default_rc in this case. */
    res = pPKey2->default_rc;
  }

  assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, res) );
  return res;
}

/*
** This function is an optimized version of sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() 
** that (a) the first field of pPKey2 is a string, that (b) the first field
** uses the collation sequence BINARY and (c) that the size-of-header varint 
** at the start of (pKey1/nKey1) fits in a single byte.
*/
static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1, /* Left key */
  UnpackedRecord *pPKey2        /* Right key */

){
  const u8 *aKey1 = (const u8*)pKey1;
  int serial_type;
  int res;



  getVarint32(&aKey1[1], serial_type);

  if( serial_type<12 ){
    res = pPKey2->r1;      /* (pKey1/nKey1) is a number or a null */
  }else if( !(serial_type & 0x01) ){ 
    res = pPKey2->r2;      /* (pKey1/nKey1) is a blob */
  }else{
    int nCmp;
    int nStr;

    nCmp = MIN( pPKey2->aMem[0].n, nStr );
    res = memcmp(&aKey1[szHdr], pPKey2->aMem[0].z, nCmp);

    if( res==0 ){
      res = nStr - pPKey2->aMem[0].n;
      if( res==0 ){
        if( pPKey2->nField>1 ){
          res = vdbeRecordCompareWithSkip(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, 1);
        }else{
          res = pPKey2->default_rc;
        }
      }else if( res>0 ){
        res = pPKey2->r2;
      }else{
        res = pPKey2->r1;

  i64 nCellKey = 0;
  int rc;
  u32 szHdr;        /* Size of the header */
  u32 typeRowid;    /* Serial type of the rowid */
  u32 lenRowid;     /* Size of the rowid */
  Mem m, v;



  /* Get the size of the index entry.  Only indices entries of less
  ** than 2GiB are support - anything large must be database corruption.
  ** Any corruption is detected in sqlite3BtreeParseCellPtr(), though, so
  ** this code can safely assume that nCellKey is 32-bits  
  */
  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
  VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCur, &nCellKey);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );     /* pCur is always valid so KeySize cannot fail */
  assert( (nCellKey & SQLITE_MAX_U32)==(u64)nCellKey );

  /* Read in the complete content of the index entry */
  sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&m, db, 0);
  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pCur, 0, (u32)nCellKey, 1, &m);
  if( rc ){
    return rc;
  }

  /* The index entry must begin with a header size */
  (void)getVarint32((u8*)m.z, szHdr);

  *rowid = v.u.i;
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
  return SQLITE_OK;

  /* Jump here if database corruption is detected after m has been
  ** allocated.  Free the m object and return SQLITE_CORRUPT. */
idx_rowid_corruption:
  testcase( m.szMalloc!=0 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
  return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
}

/*
** Compare the key of the index entry that cursor pC is pointing to against
** the key string in pUnpacked.  Write into *pRes a number
** that is negative, zero, or positive if pC is less than, equal to,
** or greater than pUnpacked.  Return SQLITE_OK on success.
**
** pUnpacked is either created without a rowid or is truncated so that it
** omits the rowid at the end.  The rowid at the end of the index entry
** is ignored as well.  Hence, this routine only compares the prefixes 
** of the keys prior to the final rowid, not the entire key.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeIdxKeyCompare(
  sqlite3 *db,                     /* Database connection */
  VdbeCursor *pC,                  /* The cursor to compare against */
  UnpackedRecord *pUnpacked,       /* Unpacked version of key */
  int *res                         /* Write the comparison result here */
){
  i64 nCellKey = 0;
  int rc;
  BtCursor *pCur = pC->pCursor;
  Mem m;

  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
  VVA_ONLY(rc =) sqlite3BtreeKeySize(pCur, &nCellKey);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );    /* pCur is always valid so KeySize cannot fail */
  /* nCellKey will always be between 0 and 0xffffffff because of the way
  ** that btreeParseCellPtr() and sqlite3GetVarint32() are implemented */
  if( nCellKey<=0 || nCellKey>0x7fffffff ){
    *res = 0;
    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&m, db, 0);
  rc = sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(pC->pCursor, 0, (u32)nCellKey, 1, &m);
  if( rc ){
    return rc;
  }
  *res = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(m.n, m.z, pUnpacked);
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&m);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** This routine sets the value to be returned by subsequent calls to
** sqlite3_changes() on the database handle 'db'. 

/*
** Check invariants on a Mem object.
**
** This routine is intended for use inside of assert() statements, like
** this:    assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(pMem) );
*/
int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
  /* If MEM_Dyn is set then Mem.xDel!=0.  
  ** Mem.xDel is might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
  */
  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->xDel!=0 );

  /* MEM_Dyn may only be set if Mem.szMalloc==0 */
  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->szMalloc==0 );

  /* Cannot be both MEM_Int and MEM_Real at the same time */
  assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );

  /* The szMalloc field holds the correct memory allocation size */
  assert( p->szMalloc==0
       || p->szMalloc==sqlite3DbMallocSize(p->db,p->zMalloc) );

  /* If p holds a string or blob, the Mem.z must point to exactly
  ** one of the following:
  **
  **   (1) Memory in Mem.zMalloc and managed by the Mem object
  **   (2) Memory to be freed using Mem.xDel
  **   (3) An ephemeral string or blob
  **   (4) A static string or blob
  */
  if( (p->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) && p->n>0 ){
    assert( 
      ((p->szMalloc>0 && p->z==p->zMalloc)? 1 : 0) +
      ((p->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
      ((p->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
      ((p->flags&MEM_Static)!=0 ? 1 : 0) == 1
    );
  }

  return 1;
}
#endif


/*
** If pMem is an object with a valid string representation, this routine

** min(n,32) bytes.
**
** If the bPreserve argument is true, then copy of the content of
** pMem->z into the new allocation.  pMem must be either a string or
** blob if bPreserve is true.  If bPreserve is false, any prior content
** in pMem->z is discarded.
*/
SQLITE_NOINLINE int sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(Mem *pMem, int n, int bPreserve){
  assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(pMem) );
  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );

  /* If the bPreserve flag is set to true, then the memory cell must already
  ** contain a valid string or blob value.  */
  assert( bPreserve==0 || pMem->flags&(MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
  testcase( bPreserve && pMem->z==0 );

  assert( pMem->szMalloc==0
       || pMem->szMalloc==sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc) );
  if( pMem->szMalloc<n ){
    if( n<32 ) n = 32;
    if( bPreserve && pMem->szMalloc>0 && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
      pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
      bPreserve = 0;
    }else{
      if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFree(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
      pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pMem->db, n);
    }
    if( pMem->zMalloc==0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);
      pMem->z = 0;
      pMem->szMalloc = 0;
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
    }
  }

  if( pMem->z && bPreserve && pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc ){
    memcpy(pMem->zMalloc, pMem->z, pMem->n);
  }
  if( (pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ){
    assert( pMem->xDel!=0 && pMem->xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
    pMem->xDel((void *)(pMem->z));
  }

  pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc;
  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Change the pMem->zMalloc allocation to be at least szNew bytes.
** If pMem->zMalloc already meets or exceeds the requested size, this
** routine is a no-op.
**
** Any prior string or blob content in the pMem object may be discarded.
** The pMem->xDel destructor is called, if it exists.  Though MEM_Str
** and MEM_Blob values may be discarded, MEM_Int, MEM_Real, and MEM_Null
** values are preserved.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success or an error code (probably SQLITE_NOMEM)
** if unable to complete the resizing.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(Mem *pMem, int szNew){
  assert( szNew>=0 );
  if( pMem->szMalloc<szNew ){
    return sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, szNew, 0);
  }
  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
  pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc;
  pMem->flags &= (MEM_Null|MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Change pMem so that its MEM_Str or MEM_Blob value is stored in
** MEM.zMalloc, where it can be safely written.


**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success or SQLITE_NOMEM if malloc fails.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(Mem *pMem){
  int f;
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  ExpandBlob(pMem);
  f = pMem->flags;
  if( (f&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) && (pMem->szMalloc==0 || pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc) ){
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n + 2, 1) ){
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
    pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
    pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG

  assert( !(fg&MEM_Zero) );
  assert( !(fg&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob)) );
  assert( fg&(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
  assert( (pMem->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );


  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nByte) ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }

  /* For a Real or Integer, use sqlite3_snprintf() to produce the UTF-8
  ** string representation of the value. Then, if the required encoding
  ** is UTF-16le or UTF-16be do a translation.
  ** 
  ** FIX ME: It would be better if sqlite3_snprintf() could do UTF-16.
  */
  if( fg & MEM_Int ){
    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte, pMem->z, "%lld", pMem->u.i);
  }else{
    assert( fg & MEM_Real );
    sqlite3_snprintf(nByte, pMem->z, "%!.15g", pMem->u.r);
  }
  pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
  pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
  pMem->flags |= MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
  if( bForce ) pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pMem, enc);
  return SQLITE_OK;

    memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
    t.flags = MEM_Null;
    t.db = pMem->db;
    ctx.pOut = &t;
    ctx.pMem = pMem;
    ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
    pFunc->xFinalize(&ctx); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
    assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
    if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFree(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
    memcpy(pMem, &t, sizeof(t));
    rc = ctx.isError;
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** If the memory cell contains a value that must be freed by
** invoking the external callback in Mem.xDel, then this routine
** will free that value.  It also sets Mem.flags to MEM_Null.
**
** This is a helper routine for sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull() and
** for sqlite3VdbeMemRelease().  Use those other routines as the
** entry point for releasing Mem resources.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(Mem *p){
  assert( p->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(p->db->mutex) );
  assert( VdbeMemDynamic(p) );
  if( p->flags&MEM_Agg ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(p, p->u.pDef);
    assert( (p->flags & MEM_Agg)==0 );
    testcase( p->flags & MEM_Dyn );
  }
  if( p->flags&MEM_Dyn ){
    assert( (p->flags&MEM_RowSet)==0 );
    assert( p->xDel!=SQLITE_DYNAMIC && p->xDel!=0 );
    p->xDel((void *)p->z);

  }else if( p->flags&MEM_RowSet ){
    sqlite3RowSetClear(p->u.pRowSet);
  }else if( p->flags&MEM_Frame ){
    VdbeFrame *pFrame = p->u.pFrame;
    pFrame->pParent = pFrame->v->pDelFrame;
    pFrame->v->pDelFrame = pFrame;
  }
  p->flags = MEM_Null;
}

/*
** Release memory held by the Mem p, both external memory cleared
** by p->xDel and memory in p->zMalloc.
**
** This is a helper routine invoked by sqlite3VdbeMemRelease() in
** the unusual case where there really is memory in p that needs
** to be freed.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void vdbeMemClear(Mem *p){
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(p) ){
    vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(p);
  }
  if( p->szMalloc ){
    sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zMalloc);
    p->szMalloc = 0;
  }
  p->z = 0;
}

/*
** Release any memory resources held by the Mem.  Both the memory that is
** free by Mem.xDel and the Mem.zMalloc allocation are freed.
**
** Use this routine prior to clean up prior to abandoning a Mem, or to
** reset a Mem back to its minimum memory utilization.
**
** Use sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull() to release just the Mem.xDel space
** prior to inserting new content into the Mem.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(Mem *p){
  assert( sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(p) );
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(p) || p->szMalloc ){
    vdbeMemClear(p);


  }

}

/*
** Convert a 64-bit IEEE double into a 64-bit signed integer.
** If the double is out of range of a 64-bit signed integer then
** return the closest available 64-bit signed integer.
*/

  int flags;
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  flags = pMem->flags;
  if( flags & MEM_Int ){
    return pMem->u.i;
  }else if( flags & MEM_Real ){
    return doubleToInt64(pMem->u.r);
  }else if( flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    i64 value = 0;
    assert( pMem->z || pMem->n==0 );
    sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &value, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
    return value;
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
}

/*
** Return the best representation of pMem that we can get into a
** double.  If pMem is already a double or an integer, return its
** value.  If it is a string or blob, try to convert it to a double.
** If it is a NULL, return 0.0.
*/
double sqlite3VdbeRealValue(Mem *pMem){
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );
  if( pMem->flags & MEM_Real ){
    return pMem->u.r;
  }else if( pMem->flags & MEM_Int ){
    return (double)pMem->u.i;
  }else if( pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
    double val = (double)0;
    sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &val, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
    return val;
  }else{
    /* (double)0 In case of SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT... */
    return (double)0;
  }
}

/*
** The MEM structure is already a MEM_Real.  Try to also make it a
** MEM_Int if we can.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(Mem *pMem){
  i64 ix;
  assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Real );
  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );

  ix = doubleToInt64(pMem->u.r);

  /* Only mark the value as an integer if
  **
  **    (1) the round-trip conversion real->int->real is a no-op, and
  **    (2) The integer is neither the largest nor the smallest
  **        possible integer (ticket #3922)
  **
  ** The second and third terms in the following conditional enforces
  ** the second condition under the assumption that addition overflow causes
  ** values to wrap around.
  */

  if( pMem->u.r==ix && ix>SMALLEST_INT64 && ix<LARGEST_INT64 ){
    pMem->u.i = ix;

    MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
  }
}

/*
** Convert pMem to type integer.  Invalidate any prior representations.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(Mem *pMem){

** Convert pMem so that it is of type MEM_Real.
** Invalidate any prior representations.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemRealify(Mem *pMem){
  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pMem) );

  pMem->u.r = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem);
  MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** Convert pMem so that it has types MEM_Real or MEM_Int or both.
** Invalidate any prior representations.
**
** Every effort is made to force the conversion, even if the input
** is a string that does not look completely like a number.  Convert
** as much of the string as we can and ignore the rest.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
  if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))==0 ){
    assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
    if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc) ){
      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
    }else{
      pMem->u.r = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem);
      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pMem);
    }
  }
  assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))!=0 );
  pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob);
  return SQLITE_OK;

      assert( pMem->flags & MEM_Str || pMem->db->mallocFailed );
      pMem->flags &= ~(MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero);
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Initialize bulk memory to be a consistent Mem object.
**
** The minimum amount of initialization feasible is performed.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemInit(Mem *pMem, sqlite3 *db, u16 flags){
  assert( (flags & ~MEM_TypeMask)==0 );
  pMem->flags = flags;
  pMem->db = db;
  pMem->szMalloc = 0;
}


/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to NULL.
**
** This routine calls the Mem.xDel destructor to dispose of values that
** require the destructor.  But it preserves the Mem.zMalloc memory allocation.
** To free all resources, use sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(), which both calls this
** routine to invoke the destructor and deallocates Mem.zMalloc.
**
** Use this routine to reset the Mem prior to insert a new value.
**
** Use sqlite3VdbeMemRelease() to complete erase the Mem prior to abandoning it.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem *pMem){
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pMem) ){
    vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(pMem);


  }else{
    pMem->flags = MEM_Null;

  }

}
void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value *p){
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull((Mem*)p); 
}

/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value to be a BLOB of length
** n containing all zeros.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem *pMem, int n){
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
  pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Zero;
  pMem->n = 0;
  if( n<0 ) n = 0;
  pMem->u.nZero = n;
  pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;



  pMem->z = 0;




}

/*
** The pMem is known to contain content that needs to be destroyed prior
** to a value change.  So invoke the destructor, then set the value to
** a 64-bit integer.
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE void vdbeReleaseAndSetInt64(Mem *pMem, i64 val){
  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);
  pMem->u.i = val;
  pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
}

/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to val,
** manifest type INTEGER.

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to val,
** manifest type REAL.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem *pMem, double val){

  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pMem);

  if( !sqlite3IsNaN(val) ){
    pMem->u.r = val;
    pMem->flags = MEM_Real;
  }
}
#endif

/*
** Delete any previous value and set the value of pMem to be an
** empty boolean index.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemSetRowSet(Mem *pMem){
  sqlite3 *db = pMem->db;
  assert( db!=0 );
  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
  pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, 64);
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
    pMem->szMalloc = 0;
  }else{
    assert( pMem->zMalloc );
    pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, pMem->zMalloc);
    pMem->u.pRowSet = sqlite3RowSetInit(db, pMem->zMalloc, pMem->szMalloc);

    assert( pMem->u.pRowSet!=0 );
    pMem->flags = MEM_RowSet;
  }
}

/*
** Return true if the Mem object contains a TEXT or BLOB that is

** Make an shallow copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of
** pTo are freed.  The pFrom->z field is not duplicated.  If
** pFrom->z is used, then pTo->z points to the same thing as pFrom->z
** and flags gets srcType (either MEM_Ephem or MEM_Static).
*/
void sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom, int srcType){
  assert( (pFrom->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  assert( pTo->db==pFrom->db );
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pTo) ) vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(pTo);
  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, MEMCELLSIZE);

  if( (pFrom->flags&MEM_Static)==0 ){
    pTo->flags &= ~(MEM_Dyn|MEM_Static|MEM_Ephem);
    assert( srcType==MEM_Ephem || srcType==MEM_Static );
    pTo->flags |= srcType;
  }
}

/*
** Make a full copy of pFrom into pTo.  Prior contents of pTo are
** freed before the copy is made.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemCopy(Mem *pTo, const Mem *pFrom){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;

  assert( (pFrom->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  if( VdbeMemDynamic(pTo) ) vdbeMemClearExternAndSetNull(pTo);
  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, MEMCELLSIZE);
  pTo->flags &= ~MEM_Dyn;


  if( pTo->flags&(MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
    if( 0==(pFrom->flags&MEM_Static) ){
      pTo->flags |= MEM_Ephem;
      rc = sqlite3VdbeMemMakeWriteable(pTo);
    }
  }

  assert( pFrom->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pFrom->db->mutex) );
  assert( pTo->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pTo->db->mutex) );
  assert( pFrom->db==0 || pTo->db==0 || pFrom->db==pTo->db );

  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pTo);
  memcpy(pTo, pFrom, sizeof(Mem));
  pFrom->flags = MEM_Null;

  pFrom->szMalloc = 0;
}

/*
** Change the value of a Mem to be a string or a BLOB.
**
** The memory management strategy depends on the value of the xDel
** parameter. If the value passed is SQLITE_TRANSIENT, then the 

  }else{
    iLimit = SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH;
  }
  flags = (enc==0?MEM_Blob:MEM_Str);
  if( nByte<0 ){
    assert( enc!=0 );
    if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
      nByte = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
      if( nByte>iLimit ) nByte = iLimit+1;
    }else{
      for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && (z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]); nByte+=2){}
    }
    flags |= MEM_Term;
  }

  /* The following block sets the new values of Mem.z and Mem.xDel. It
  ** also sets a flag in local variable "flags" to indicate the memory
  ** management (one of MEM_Dyn or MEM_Static).
  */
  if( xDel==SQLITE_TRANSIENT ){
    int nAlloc = nByte;
    if( flags&MEM_Term ){
      nAlloc += (enc==SQLITE_UTF8?1:2);
    }
    if( nByte>iLimit ){
      return SQLITE_TOOBIG;
    }
    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, nAlloc) ){
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    memcpy(pMem->z, z, nAlloc);
  }else if( xDel==SQLITE_DYNAMIC ){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
    pMem->zMalloc = pMem->z = (char *)z;
    pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
  }else{
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
    pMem->z = (char *)z;
    pMem->xDel = xDel;
    flags |= ((xDel==SQLITE_STATIC)?MEM_Static:MEM_Dyn);
  }

/*
** Move data out of a btree key or data field and into a Mem structure.
** The data or key is taken from the entry that pCur is currently pointing
** to.  offset and amt determine what portion of the data or key to retrieve.
** key is true to get the key or false to get data.  The result is written
** into the pMem element.
**
** The pMem object must have been initialized.  This routine will use
** pMem->zMalloc to hold the content from the btree, if possible.  New
** pMem->zMalloc space will be allocated if necessary.  The calling routine
** is responsible for making sure that the pMem object is eventually
** destroyed.
**
** If this routine fails for any reason (malloc returns NULL or unable
** to read from the disk) then the pMem is left in an inconsistent state.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeMemFromBtree(
  BtCursor *pCur,   /* Cursor pointing at record to retrieve. */
  u32 offset,       /* Offset from the start of data to return bytes from. */
  u32 amt,          /* Number of bytes to return. */
  int key,          /* If true, retrieve from the btree key, not data. */
  Mem *pMem         /* OUT: Return data in this Mem structure. */
){
  char *zData;        /* Data from the btree layer */
  u32 available = 0;  /* Number of bytes available on the local btree page */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK; /* Return code */

  assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCur) );
  assert( !VdbeMemDynamic(pMem) );

  /* Note: the calls to BtreeKeyFetch() and DataFetch() below assert() 
  ** that both the BtShared and database handle mutexes are held. */
  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_RowSet)==0 );
  if( key ){
    zData = (char *)sqlite3BtreeKeyFetch(pCur, &available);
  }else{
    zData = (char *)sqlite3BtreeDataFetch(pCur, &available);
  }
  assert( zData!=0 );

  if( offset+amt<=available ){

    pMem->z = &zData[offset];
    pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Ephem;
    pMem->n = (int)amt;
  }else{
    pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
    if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, amt+2)) ){
      if( key ){
        rc = sqlite3BtreeKey(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
      }else{
        rc = sqlite3BtreeData(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
      }
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        pMem->z[amt] = 0;
        pMem->z[amt+1] = 0;
        pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Term;
        pMem->n = (int)amt;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
      }
    }
  }

  return rc;
}

/*

    }
  }else if( op==TK_UMINUS ) {
    /* This branch happens for multiple negative signs.  Ex: -(-5) */
    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal) 
     && pVal!=0
    ){
      sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pVal);
      if( pVal->flags & MEM_Real ){
        pVal->u.r = -pVal->u.r;
      }else if( pVal->u.i==SMALLEST_INT64 ){


        pVal->u.r = -(double)SMALLEST_INT64;
        MemSetTypeFlag(pVal, MEM_Real);
      }else{
        pVal->u.i = -pVal->u.i;
      }

      sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, enc);
    }
  }else if( op==TK_NULL ){
    pVal = valueNew(db, pCtx);
    if( pVal==0 ) goto no_mem;
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL

void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord *pRec){
  if( pRec ){
    int i;
    int nCol = pRec->pKeyInfo->nField+pRec->pKeyInfo->nXField;
    Mem *aMem = pRec->aMem;
    sqlite3 *db = aMem[0].db;
    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
      if( aMem[i].szMalloc ) sqlite3DbFree(db, aMem[i].zMalloc);
    }
    sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(pRec->pKeyInfo);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pRec);
  }
}
#endif /* ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 */

**
** Or, if an error occurs, return an SQLite error code. The final value of
** *pp is undefined in this case.
*/
static int vdbeSorterMapFile(SortSubtask *pTask, SorterFile *pFile, u8 **pp){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  if( pFile->iEof<=(i64)(pTask->pSorter->db->nMaxSorterMmap) ){
    sqlite3_file *pFd = pFile->pFd;
    if( pFd->pMethods->iVersion>=3 ){
      rc = sqlite3OsFetch(pFd, 0, (int)pFile->iEof, (void**)pp);
      testcase( rc!=SQLITE_OK );
    }
  }
  return rc;
}

/*
** Attach PmaReader pReadr to file pFile (if it is not already attached to
** that file) and seek it to offset iOff within the file.  Return SQLITE_OK 

  const void *pKey1, int nKey1,   /* Left side of comparison */
  const void *pKey2, int nKey2    /* Right side of comparison */
){
  UnpackedRecord *r2 = pTask->pUnpacked;
  if( pKey2 ){
    sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo, nKey2, pKey2, r2);
  }
  return sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(nKey1, pKey1, r2);
}

/*
** Initialize the temporary index cursor just opened as a sorter cursor.
**
** Usually, the sorter module uses the value of (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField)
** to determine the number of fields that should be compared from the

** attempts to extend the file to nByte bytes in size and to ensure that
** the VFS has memory mapped it.
**
** Whether or not the file does end up memory mapped of course depends on
** the specific VFS implementation.
*/
static void vdbeSorterExtendFile(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_file *pFd, i64 nByte){
  if( nByte<=(i64)(db->nMaxSorterMmap) && pFd->pMethods->iVersion>=3 ){
    int rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pFd, nByte);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
      void *p = 0;
      sqlite3OsFetch(pFd, 0, (int)nByte, &p);
      sqlite3OsUnfetch(pFd, 0, p);
    }
  }

** Copy the current sorter key into the memory cell pOut.
*/
int sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(const VdbeCursor *pCsr, Mem *pOut){
  VdbeSorter *pSorter = pCsr->pSorter;
  void *pKey; int nKey;           /* Sorter key to copy into pOut */

  pKey = vdbeSorterRowkey(pSorter, &nKey);
  if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pOut, nKey) ){
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  pOut->n = nKey;
  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Blob);
  memcpy(pOut->z, pKey, nKey);

  return SQLITE_OK;

  for(i=0; i<nKeyCol; i++){
    if( r2->aMem[i].flags & MEM_Null ){
      *pRes = -1;
      return SQLITE_OK;
    }
  }

  *pRes = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(pVal->n, pVal->z, r2);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

      assert( idx>0 && idx<=p->nVar );
      pVar = &p->aVar[idx-1];
      if( pVar->flags & MEM_Null ){
        sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&out, "NULL", 4);
      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Int ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&out, 0, "%lld", pVar->u.i);
      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Real ){
        sqlite3XPrintf(&out, 0, "%!.15g", pVar->u.r);
      }else if( pVar->flags & MEM_Str ){
        int nOut;  /* Number of bytes of the string text to include in output */
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
        u8 enc = ENC(db);
        Mem utf8;
        if( enc!=SQLITE_UTF8 ){
          memset(&utf8, 0, sizeof(utf8));

#endif
  assert( pRec!=0 );
  iCol = pRec->nField - 1;
  assert( pIdx->nSample>0 );
  assert( pRec->nField>0 && iCol<pIdx->nSampleCol );
  do{
    iTest = (iMin+i)/2;
    res = sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[iTest].n, aSample[iTest].p, pRec);
    if( res<0 ){
      iMin = iTest+1;
    }else{
      i = iTest;
    }
  }while( res && iMin<i );

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  /* The following assert statements check that the binary search code
  ** above found the right answer. This block serves no purpose other
  ** than to invoke the asserts.  */
  if( res==0 ){
    /* If (res==0) is true, then sample $i must be equal to pRec */
    assert( i<pIdx->nSample );
    assert( 0==sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[i].n, aSample[i].p, pRec)
         || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  }else{
    /* Otherwise, pRec must be smaller than sample $i and larger than
    ** sample ($i-1).  */
    assert( i==pIdx->nSample 
         || sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[i].n, aSample[i].p, pRec)>0
         || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
    assert( i==0
         || sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(aSample[i-1].n, aSample[i-1].p, pRec)<0
         || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
  }
#endif /* ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG */

  /* At this point, aSample[i] is the first sample that is greater than
  ** or equal to pVal.  Or if i==pIdx->nSample, then all samples are less
  ** than pVal.  If aSample[i]==pVal, then res==0.

  if( pIndex->bUnordered ) return 0;
  if( (pOB = pBuilder->pWInfo->pOrderBy)==0 ) return 0;
  for(ii=0; ii<pOB->nExpr; ii++){
    Expr *pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOB->a[ii].pExpr);
    if( pExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0;
    if( pExpr->iTable==iCursor ){
      if( pExpr->iColumn<0 ) return 1;
      for(jj=0; jj<pIndex->nKeyCol; jj++){
        if( pExpr->iColumn==pIndex->aiColumn[jj] ) return 1;
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1);
    SELECT
     (SELECT sum(value2==xyz) FROM t2)
    FROM
     (SELECT value1 as xyz, max(x1) AS pqr
        FROM t1
       GROUP BY id1);
    SELECT
     (SELECT sum(value2<>xyz) FROM t2)
    FROM
     (SELECT value1 as xyz, max(x1) AS pqr
        FROM t1
       GROUP BY id1);
  }
} {1 0}
do_test aggnested-3.3 {
  db eval {
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;
    CREATE TABLE t1(id1, value1);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4469,2),(4469,1);
    CREATE TABLE t2 (value2);

    db authorizer ::auth
  }
}

do_test auth-1.1.1 {
  db close
  set ::DB [sqlite3 db test.db]
  proc auth {code arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4 args} {
    if {$code=="SQLITE_INSERT" && $arg1=="sqlite_master"} {
      return SQLITE_DENY
    }
    return SQLITE_OK
  }
  db authorizer ::auth
  catchsql {CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c)}